Environmental Desktop Review and Survey Scoping for the Carnegie Project

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project

Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

May 2017

Final Report Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd Draft Report Authors: K. Crews, V. Framenau, G. Wells, R. Ellis Date: 26 May 2017 Submitted to: Brett Hazelden (Kalium Lakes), Phil Scott (Preston Consulting)

©Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 2017 The use of this report is solely for the Client for the purpose in which it was prepared. Phoenix Environmental Sciences accepts no responsibility for use beyond this purpose. All rights are reserved and no part of this report may be reproduced or copied in any form without the written permission of Phoenix Environmental Sciences or the Client.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 1/511 Wanneroo Rd BALCATTA WA 6021 P: 08 9345 1608 F: 08 6313 0680 E: [email protected] Project code: 1152-CP-KAL-ADV

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Contents

CONTENTS ...... I LIST OF FIGURES ...... II LIST OF TABLES ...... II 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 2 SCOPE OF WORK ...... 5 3 STUDY AREA ...... 5 4 METHODS ...... 6 4.1 Flora and vegetation ...... 6 4.2 Landforms ...... 6 4.3 Terrestrial fauna ...... 7 4.4 Subterranean fauna ...... 7 4.5 Hydrological processes ...... 8 4.6 Inland waters environmental quality ...... 9 5 RESULTS ...... 10 5.1 Existing environment ...... 10 5.1.1 Geology ...... 16 5.1.2 Hydrology ...... 18 5.1.3 Conservation reserves and environmentally sensitive areas ...... 19 5.2 Environmental factor – flora and vegetation ...... 19 5.2.1 Vegetation ...... 19 5.2.2 Flora ...... 21 5.3 Environmental factor – landforms ...... 26 5.4 Environmental factor – terrestrial fauna ...... 27 5.4.1 Vertebrate fauna ...... 27 5.4.2 Short-range endemic invertebrates ...... 30 5.5 Environmental factor – subterranean fauna ...... 32 5.6 Environmental factor – hydrological processes ...... 39 5.7 Environmental factor – inland waters environmental quality ...... 42 6 REFERENCES ...... 43

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd i Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

List of Figures Figure 1-1 Project location and study area ...... 4 Figure 5-1 IBRA regions of the study area ...... 11 Figure 5-2 Land systems of the study area ...... 12 Figure 5-3 Surface geology of the study area (with particular respect to Quaternary alluvial deposits and calcretes) ...... 17 Figure 5-4 Vegetation associations of the study area (Shepherd et al. 2002) ...... 20 Figure 5-5 Desktop records of conservation significant flora and ecological communities ...... 22 Figure 5-6 Desktop records of conservation significant vertebrate fauna ...... 29 Figure 5-7 Desktop records of short range endemic invertebrates ...... 31 Figure 5-8 Desktop records of subterranean fauna and subterranean priority ecological communities ...... 38 Figure 5-9 Surface water and groundwater values ...... 41

List of Tables Table 2-1 Environmental factors included in desktop review ...... 5 Table 5-1 Description of land systems intersecting the study area ...... 13 Table 5-2 Vegetation related priority ecological communities in vicinity of study area ...... 21 Table 5-3 Conservation significant flora records in the vicinity of the study area ...... 23 Table 5-4 Considerations for determining significant landforms ...... 26 Table 5-5 Conservation significant fauna species identified in the desktop review ...... 27 Table 5-6 Potential short-range endemic invertebrates identified by the desktop review ...... 30 Table 5-7 Priority ecological communities (subterranean) in vicinity of study area ...... 32 Table 5-8 Subterranean fauna identified by the desktop review ...... 34

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd ii Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

1 INTRODUCTION

Kalium Lakes Ltd and BC Iron Ltd are joint venture (JV) partners (Carnegie JV) for the development of the Carnegie Project (the Project). The Project is a potash exploration project located at Lake Carnegie, approximately 220 km north-east of Wiluna townsite, within the Shire of Wiluna, Western Australia (Figure 1-1). The granted tenement relevant to the Project is E38/2995. Additional tenements (E38/2982 and E38/2973) are pending (Figure 1-1). Should a project be developed to produce sulphate of potash, it would need to connect to the Goldfields Gas Pipeline, source fresh water supply (source to be determined) and run a fibre optic cable. The product would be trucked out via Wiluna to Geraldton or Perth. Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (Phoenix) was commissioned by Kalium Lakes Ltd (Kalium Lakes) to undertake the following for the Project:  environmental desktop study to define the potential environmental values present within the project area  based on the desktop study, prepare a survey program suitable to inform project approvals and provide an indicative costing to implement the survey program. The desktop study and survey program will feed into overall project approvals planning to be undertaken by Preston Consulting.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 3 420000 470000 520000 Earaheedy NRS 0 2.5 5 10 15 20

Addition - Gazettal Kilometres in Progress NOOLOO BREAKAWAY MINGOL CAMP LADY LAWLEY RANGE TIMPERLEY RANGE LINKE LAKES

LADY LAWLEY (BOODUN) RANGE

LAKE E38/2982 BEDFORD

THARKEEDAH E38/2973 E38/2995 LAKE CARNEGIE 7100000 7100000

MILS CORNER FEDERATION HEADLAND E38/3117

K E WAGGON FLAT E R

A B

NEWMAN !

DINGLE MEEKATHARRA CLAYPAN !

GERALDTON ! VON TREUER TABLELAND THE JUMP-UP LAKE JEFFRIES KALGOORLIE CARCLEW RANGE Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus - BOULDER ! DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GISLAKE User WELLS Community 420000 470000 520000 7050000 170000 270000 370000 470000 570000 7050000 NANGA CAVES LAKE BURNSIDE MUDAN HILLS (ONEAHIBUNGA) LAKE LAKE BUCHANAN THADUNA LEE STEERE RANGE EDITH THABIDDIE HILLS LAKE GREGORY WITHNELL Earaheedy NRS JEWILL COONABILDIE RANGE LAKE BUGGAN MERRIE RANGE LAKE TEAGUE Addition - Gazettal LAGOON VERSCHER RANGE in Progress MOOLOONJOO CLAYPAN BOODIE BOODIE RANGE CUNYU WOOLSHED LAKE NABBERU NOOLOO BREAKAWAY TIMPERLEY RANGE LINKE LAKES LADY LAWLEY (BOODUN) RANGE

LAKE BEDFORD PRINCESS RANGES LAKE CARNEGIE THARKEEDAH 7100000 7100000 LAKE WARD WELLINGTON RANGE WAGGON FLAT KUTKUBUBBA KIMBERLEY RANGE NIMARY CAMP JUNDEE CAMP RED BLUFF ROSE HILLS DINGLE FINLAYSON RANGE CLAYPAN l R d LAKE JEFFRIES CARCLEW RANGE PAROO LAKE VIOLET WILUNA W a wo URAMURDAH LAKE o n g YILGARRIE HILLS LAKE WELLS

PARSONS BLUFF LAKE COLLURABBIE HILLS LARRY WELLS RANGE WAY GREAT VICTORIA DESERT DUCK SWAMP G o l d SHOLL RANGE FARQUHARSON TABLELAND f i

7000000 BLUFF POINT e 7000000 l LAKE MAITLAND d

s DINGO RANGE MONTAGUE RANGE H GRANT DUFF RANGE ULRICH RANGE w BRONZEWING MINE VILLAGE Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus y BATES RANGE DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community 170000 270000 370000 470000 570000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Carnegie Potash Project JV Lake study Protected areas Figure 1-1 Project No 1152 Road study DPAW Managed Lands Project location and Date 26/05/2017 and Waters Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Tenements within study Map author KC study area Aus tr a lia area Nature 0 10 20 40 60 80 PERTH Live Kilometres

1:2,250,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Pending All information within this map is current as of 26/05/2017. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_LocationFigure2.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

2 SCOPE OF WORK

A desktop study was undertaken for six environmental factors, in accordance with the Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA’s) Environmental Impact Assessment guidance framework for environmental factors (EPA 2016g) (Table 2-1). The remaining environmental factors per (EPA 2016g) are being investigated by Preston Consulting. Table 2-1 Environmental factors included in desktop review

Theme Factor Scope/information sources

Land Flora and vegetation Desktop study in accordance with (EPA 2016h). Full desktop review, including relevant database searches and literature review.

Landforms Directory of important wetlands. Literature review for Lake Carnegie system to determine if it is considered a significant landform in accordance with EPA (2016b)

Subterranean fauna Preliminary desktop risk assessment in accordance with EPA (2016i)

Terrestrial fauna Desktop study in accordance with EPA (2016h). Full desktop review, including relevant database searches and literature review.

Water Hydrological processes Desktop study for environmentally significant water dependent ecosystems and extractive values in accordance with EPA (2016e). Preston to review surface water data and references.

Inland waters environmental Desktop study for environmentally significant ecosystems and quality beneficial uses in accordance with EPA (2016f). Preston to review water data sets and references

3 STUDY AREA

The study area for the desktop review comprised:  tenements E38/2995 (granted), tenement E38/2982 (pending), tenement E 38/2973 (pending) and an area directly south of the tenements for potential infrastructure placement – collectively referred to as the ‘lake study area’ (Figure 1-1)  indicative access track of approximately 18 km length from tenement E38/29823 to Wongawol Road with 40 km buffer and approximately 240 km along Wongawol Road from access track to Wiluna with 40 km buffer – collectively referred to as the ‘road study area’ (Figure 1-1).

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4 METHODS

4.1 FLORA AND VEGETATION

For the purposes of EIA, flora is defined as native vascular plants and vegetation is defined as groupings of different flora patterned across the landscape that occur in response to environmental conditions (EPA 2016a). The EPA’s objective for the factor Flora and Vegetation is: to protect flora and vegetation so that biological diversity and ecological integrity are maintained (EPA 2016a)(EPA 2016a). There are several considerations for EIA for the factor flora and vegetation (EPA 2016a); however, the focus of this desktop review was on identifying significant flora and vegetation that may be present in the study area (in particular threatened and priority flora and ecological communities), as well as current state of knowledge of flora and vegetation of the study area, to inform baseline survey scoping. The following database searches were undertaken for the study area:  Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Protected Matters Search Tool for threatened flora and ecological communities listed as matters of NES under the EPBC Act  Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW)/WA Museum NatureMap for threatened and priority flora records for the study area  DPaW Threatened and Priority Flora Database  DPaW Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities Database for TECs and PECs. Search extent was typically the lake study area plus 40 km buffer and road study area (no buffer as this was already applied). The selection of the buffer for the searches was notional and does not represent any particular interest of Kalium Lakes.

4.2 LANDFORMS

For the purpose of EIA, the EPA (2016b) defines a landform as a distinctive, recognisable physical feature of the earth’s surface having a characteristic shape produced by natural processes. The EPA’s environmental objective for the factor landforms is: to maintain the variety and integrity of distinctive physical landforms so that environmental values are protected (EPA 2016b)(EPA 2016b) The EPA considers the defining feature of a landform to be the combination of its geology (composition) and morphology (form). In WA, types of landforms that may be significant in EIA include but may not be limited to:  banded ironstone formations within the Yilgarn Craton geological formation  dunes and dune systems  caves and cave systems. Geology and morphology of the study area were reviewed against EPA guidance (EPA 2016b) on defining significant landforms for the purpose of EIA – landform variety, integrity, ecological importance, scientific importance, rarity and social importance. Previous assessments that the EPA has identified Landforms as a factor were reviewed.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 6 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

4.3 TERRESTRIAL FAUNA

For the purposes of EIA, terrestrial fauna includes vertebrate and invertebrate groups. Fauna habitat is defined as the natural environment of an animal or assemblage of animals, including biotic and abiotic elements, that provides a suitable place for them to breed, forage, roost or seek refuge (EPA 2016d). The EPA’s objective for the factor Terrestrial Fauna is: to protect terrestrial fauna so that biological diversity and ecological integrity are maintained (EPA 2016d). There are several considerations for EIA for the factor terrestrial fauna (EPA 2016d); however, the focus of this desktop review was on identifying significant fauna and fauna habitat (particularly threatened and priority fauna and species listed as migratory under international agreements) that may be present in the study area to inform baseline survey scoping. The following database searches were undertaken for the study area:  EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool for threatened fauna listed as matters of NES under the EPBC Act  DPaW/WA Museum NatureMap for threatened and priority fauna records for the study area  DPaW Threatened and Priority Fauna Database  WAM Arachnology/Myriapodology, Crustacea and Mollusca databases  Phoenix invertebrate database. Search extent was typically the lake study area plus 40 km buffer and road study area (no buffer as this was already applied). The WAM and Phoenix database searches where conducted with a buffer of about 100 km consistent with the nominal range of short-range endemic species (SREs) (Harvey 2002).

4.4 SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA

For the purposes of EIA, the EPA (EPA 2016c) defines subterranean fauna as: fauna which live their entire lives (obligate) below the surface of the earth. They include stygofauna (aquatic and living in ground water) and troglofauna (air-breathing and living in caves and voids). The EPA’s objective with respect to subterranean fauna is its protection so that biological diversity and ecological integrity are maintained. The obligate underground existence with of subterranean fauna greatly increases the likelihood of short range endemism and the possibility that a species’ conservation status may be impacted as a result of the implementation of a proposal. Subterranean fauna species may therefore be considered to be significant due to being identified as threatened or priority species, locally endemic, potentially new species, occupying restricted habitats and/or forming part of a Threatened of Priority Ecological Community (EPA 2016c). The following database searches were undertaken for the study area:  EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool for threatened fauna listed as matters of NES under the EPBC Act  DPaW/WA Museum NatureMap for threatened and priority fauna records for the study area  DPaW Threatened and Priority Fauna Database  DPaW Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities Database for TECs and PECs.  WAM Arachnology/Myriapodology, Crustacea and Mollusca databases

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 7 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

 Phoenix invertebrate database. Search extent was typically the lake study area plus 40 km buffer and road study area (no buffer as this was already applied). The WAM and Phoenix database searches where conducted with a buffer of about 100 km consistent with the nominal range of short-range endemic species (SREs) (Harvey 2002). A number of studies on the geology and hydrology around Lake Carnegie are available to assess the suitability for subterranean fauna, including the interpretations of the 1:250,000 geological maps – Stanley (SG51-6) (Commander et al. 1982), Kingston (SG51-10) (Bunting 1980) and Robert (SG51-11) (Jackson 1978). Updates to these studies were, for example, provided by Beard (2002) and Jones et al. (2001). Some subterranean data are not available through database searches, but require screening of published literature, for example a recent study on troglobitic slaters in central Western Australian calcretes (Javidkar et al. 2016).

4.5 HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES

For the purposes of EIA, the EPA (EPA 2016e) defines the factor Hydrological Processes as the occurrence, distribution, connectivity, movement, and quantity of water. The EPA’s objective of the factor Hydrological Processes is: to maintain the hydrological regimes of groundwater and surface water so that environmental values are protected. Environmental values related to hydrological processes include ecosystem health values and beneficial uses (EPA 2016e). For the purposes of EIA, these are considered as either in-situ or extractive values, i.e.:  in-situ values are water dependent ecosystems and their associated recreational, cultural and aesthetic values – the EPA is focussed here on environmentally significant water dependent ecosystems  extractive values are consumptive use for public water supply, agriculture, and industry – the EPA is focused here on impacts to significant current or potential water supplies, such as regional scale aquifers, and fresh, high order surface water systems. Environmentally significant water dependent ecosystems include, but are not limited to:  wetlands which are Ramsar listed, Conservation Category, or listed in the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia  wild and scenic rivers  wetland types which may be poorly represented  natural springs and pools, particularly in arid areas  ecosystems which support conservation significant flora/vegetation and fauna species or communities, including migratory waterbirds, bats, and subterranean fauna  ecosystems which support significant amenity, recreation and cultural values. The desktop review for hydrological processes focussed on identifying if any of the in-situ or extractive values listed above are present in the study area.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 8 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

4.6 INLAND WATERS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

For the purposes of EIA, the EPA (EPA 2016f) defines the factor Inland Waters Environmental Quality as: the chemical, physical, biological and aesthetic characteristics of inland waters. Inland waters include groundwater, waterways, wetlands and estuaries. The EPA’s objective for Inland Waters Environmental Quality is: to maintain the quality of groundwater and surface water so that environmental values are protected. The focus of this factor and its associated objective is:  how the discharge of waste is minimised  how any discharge of waste or use of land or water will significantly impact on water quality and the environmental values it supports. The focus of the desktop review for this factor was therefore on defining the groundwater and surface water systems of the study area (particularly the lake study area) to enable an assessment of potential activities associated with the Project that may impact on the inland water quality values. The EPA (2016e) identifies several activities that may have the potential to impact on inland water quality:  direct discharge of waste to surface water systems  discharge of waste to groundwater aquifers via infiltration or aquifer injection  injection of chemicals to groundwater associated with hydraulic fracturing  discharge of wastes to storage or evaporative basins, where there is potential for overflow or leakage  dewatering discharges where the water quality (temperature, heavy metals, carbonates) is a concern  new or changed land uses which lead to offsite discharge of wastes, such as nutrient generating activities on low nutrient retentive soils  irrigated agriculture – salinisation, and/or contamination by pesticides/herbicides  the creation of pit lakes after the completion of mining  any activity which alters the land surface or dewaters aquifers and exposes acid sulfate soils or creates acid rock drainage  any drainage construction directly impacting on waterways or which leads to the discharge of drainage water to waterways.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 9 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5 RESULTS

5.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

The lake study area is located in the Carnegie subregion of the Gascoyne bioregion (Figure 5-1). The road study area intersects the Carnegie subregion and the Eastern Murchison subregion of the Murchison bioregion (Figure 5-1). The Carnegie subregion is described as (Cowan 2001a): Underlain by the Earaheedy Basin of the Capricorn Orogen (Proterozoic) and the south- eastern extension of the Bangemall Basin. Rugged low Proterozoic sedimentary and granite ranges divided by broad flat valleys. Shallow earthy loams over hardpan on the plains and shallow stony loams associated with the ranges. Extensive salt lake systems. Low Mulga communities occur on hills and plains. Samphire and saltbush steppes are associated with salt lakes while ranges are dominated by mulga scrub and Eremophila shrublands. The Eastern Murchison subregion is described as (Cowan 2001b): The northern parts of the 'Southern Cross' and 'Eastern Goldfields' Terrains of the Yilgarn Craton. Characterised by its internal drainage, and extensive areas of elevated red desert sandplains with minimal dune development. Salt lake systems associated with the occluded palaeodrainage system. Broad plains of red-brown soils and breakaway complexes as well as red sandplains. Vegetation is dominated by Mulga Woodlands often rich in ephemerals; hummock grasslands, saltbush shrublands and Halosarcia shrublands. The Carnegie subregion experiences a desert climate with bimodal rainfall (Cowan 2001a). The Eastern Murchison subregion is described (Cowan 2001b) as having an arid climate, with mainly winter rainfall (200 mm). The study area intersects 62 land systems, as mapped by the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA) (Figure 5-2). The lake study area intersects 26 of these and the road study area intersects 57 reflecting the broad extent of this part of the study area (Table 5-1). Lake Carnegie is represented by the Carnegie land system which is described as salt lakes with fringing saline alluvial plains, kopi dunes and sandy banks, supporting halophytic shrublands and acacia tall shrublands (Pringle et al. 1994).

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 10 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 7300000 7300000

IBRA Region: Little Sandy Desert Birriliburu IBRA Subregion: Trainor Indigenous IBRA Region: Gascoyne Protected Area IBRA Subregion: Augustus 7225000 7225000

IBRA Region: Gascoyne IBRA Subregion: Carnegie

Earaheedy NRS Addition - Gazettal in Progress 7150000 7150000 7075000 7075000

IBRA Region: Great Victoria Desert IBRA Subregion: Central 7000000 7000000 IBRA Region: Murchison IBRA Subregion: Eastern Murchison

IBRA Region: Great Victoria Desert

6925000 IBRA Subregion: Shield 6925000

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Lake study area Protected areas (CAPAD) Carnegie Potash Project JV Figure 5-1 Project No 1152 Road study area IBRA Regions IBRA regions of the Date 24-May-17 Tenements within study area Gascoyne Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° study area Aus tr alia Map author KC Live tenement Great Victoria Desert 0 12.5 25 50 75 PERTH Pending tenement Little Sandy Desert Kilometres DPAW Managed Lands and Murchison 1:1,900,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Waters All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no Nature Reserve representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_IBRA.mxd 420000 470000 520000 Nb7 Nb7 0 5 10 20 30 SV11 Nb8 Fz30 Kilometres 1:850,000 Carnegie System Wongawol Wongawol System System

Wadjinyanda System Princess System Sodary System Carnegie Carnegie System Lynne System System

Windidda System 7100000 Wadjinyanda Sodary 7100000 System System Princess Mitchell BE12 System System

Cole System Cole System Kalyaltcha Barwidgee System Mileura System System

Jundee System Lynne System Lynne System Windidda Boondin Barwidgee Glengarry System System System Kalyaltcha System Mitchell System Tooloo System Carnegie System Lynne System Tooloo Kalyaltcha Sodary System Boondin Cole System System System Carnegie System Tooloo System System BE12 Yandil Trennaman Mileura System System Kalyaltcha Doman System System Mitchell System Belele Jundee System System Sodary Mileura System Jundee Mileura Barwidgee System Bullimore Trennaman Fz31 System Treuer Carnegie System System System System System System System Boondin System Yelma Kalyaltcha System System Lorna System Jundee BB21 Treuer System System System Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, Yanganoo Doman System Bullimore System Dural System USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS Bullimore System System Yanganoo System User Community 420000 470000 520000 220000 295000 370000 445000 Land systems Ararak System Darlot System Hamilton System Mitchell System Tooloo System BB21 Desdemona System Jundee System Monk System Trennaman System BE12 Diamond System Kalyaltcha System Nb7 Treuer System BE6 Doman System Killara System Nb8 Violet System Barwidgee System Duketon System Leeman System Princess System Wadjinyanda System Belele System Dural System Leonora System Rainbow System Waguin System Boondin System Edenhope System Lorna System Ranch System Wiluna System 7150000 7150000 Bullimore System Fisher System Lynne System SV11 Windarra System SV11 Carnegie System Fz30 Melaleuca System Sherwood System Windidda System BE6 Cole System Fz31 Mileura System Sodary System Wongawol System Nb7

Cosmo System Gabanintha System Millrose System Steer System Yandil System Nb8 Fz30 Cunyu System Glengarry System Mindura System Tiger System Yanganoo System Lynne Wongawol Wongawol System Yelma System System System *NOTE: Only those land system polygons intersecting the study areas are shown Cole System Princess Wadjinyanda System System Bullimore Windidda System System Carnegie Cunyu System Lynne System System Lorna Belele System Princess System System Carnegie System Dural System Sodary System Cole System Sherwood Cunyu Millrose Kalyaltcha System Barwidgee System System System Mileura Lynne Trennaman System System Killara Yanganoo Bullimore Dural Jundee System Lynne System Yandil Jundee System System System System System Yandil System System Glengarry Kalyaltcha Mitchell Glengarry System Bullimore Barwidgee Doman System Mitchell System System System Mitchell System System System Millrose System System Treuer

7075000 System 7075000 System Wiluna System Sherwood Glengarry System Violet System Mileura Trennaman Boondin Violet System System System Bullimore System System Belele System System Yanganoo Sodary System System Jundee Trennaman Gabanintha System System Gabanintha System System Yandil Cunyu System Cunyu System System Cunyu Wiluna System Dural System Leeman System System System Mitchell System Yanganoo Lynne System Bullimore System Fisher Millrose Barwidgee System Mileura Carnegie System System Yanganoo System Cunyu System Yanganoo Lorna Dural System System System Jundee Yandil System Leeman System System System System System Fisher System Killara Carnegie Sherwood Barwidgee Millrose System Gabanintha System System Sherwood System Bullimore System Waguin System Violet System Violet System System Violet System System Bullimore Trennaman Cunyu System Yanganoo System System System Millrose System Jundee System System Waguin Bullimore Mindura System Trennaman Barwidgee System System Yandil System Jundee Wiluna Yanganoo System Windarra System System System System Bullimore Desdemona System Ranch Hamilton System System System System Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, 0 5 10 20 30 7000000 USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS 7000000

1:1,350,000 Kilometres User Community 220000 295000 370000 445000

Kalium Lakes Ltd Carnegie Potash Project JV Lake study area Figure 5-2 Project No 1152 Road study area Land systems of the Date 24-May-17 Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Tenements within study area study area Aus tr alia Map author KC Live tenement PERTH Pending tenement

GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_LandSystems.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Table 5-1 Description of land systems intersecting the study area

Land system Land system description name Ararak Broad plains with mantles of ironstone gravel supporting Mulga shrublands with wanderrie System grasses. Barwidgee Alluvial plains with channeled zones and small sand banks, supporting bluebush shrublands. System BB21 Valley plains with a variety of soils BE12 Broad gently undulating plateau ridges and pediments with extensive gravel pavements, some small sandy plains, and small tracts of longitudinal dunes BE6 Extensive flat and gently sloping plains, which sometimes have a surface cover of gravels and on which red-brown hardpan frequently outcrops Belele System Hardpan wash plains with acacia tall shrublands, and low sandy banks supporting shrublands with wanderrie grasses. Boondin Summits, uplands, hillslopes and drainage floors, supporting Mulga and other acacia tall System shrublands with spinifex, also chenopod shrublands. Bullimore Gently undulating sandplain with occasional linear dunes and stripped surfaces supporting System spinifex grasslands with mallees and acacia shrubs. Carnegie Salt lakes with fringing saline alluvial plains, kopi dunes and sandy banks, supporting halophytic System shrublands and acacia tall shrublands. Cole System Hardpan wash plains with reticulate patterns of wanderrie banks and Mulga groves and more concentrated drainage tracts, supporting mixed Mulga and wanderrie shrublands. Cosmo Calcreted drainage tracts through sandplain with spinifex hummock grasslands and occasional System black oak or Mulga open woodlands. Cunyu Calcrete platforms, intervening drainage floors and channels and minor alluvial plains, System supporting acacia shrublands, occasional casuarina woodlands and minor halophytic shrublands. Darlot System Salt lakes, fringing saline alluvial plains, regularly arranged sandy banks and numerous claypans and swamps, supporting halophytic shrublands and spinifex and wanderrie grasslands. Desdemona Plains with deep sandy or loamy soils supporting Mulga tall shrublands and wanderrie grasses. System Diamond Gently undulating plains supporting sometimes groved Mulga tall shrublands with dense low System shrubs. Doman Low stony uplands and gentle slopes supporting open Mulga shrublands with low shrubs and System wanderrie grasses. Duketon Stony wash plains and sandy banks supporting Mulga shrublands and wanderrie grasses. System Dural System Strongly undulating terrain on weathered mudstone and basalt supporting open Mulga shrublands with mallee and spinifex. Edenhope Low rounded hills and undulating stony plains supporting open or thinly groved Mulga and System other acacia shrublands with sparse undershrubs. Fisher System Undulating terrain with low ridges and crests, shallow valleys and alluvial fans supporting Mulga shrublands with spinifex and groved Mulga and other acacia shrublands. Fz30 Undulating pediments on sandstone, shale, and dolomite with some dolerite dykes; much rock outcrop; stony and gravelly pavements are common

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 13 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Land system Land system description name Fz31 Undulating pediments characterized by silcrete-capped cuestas, and hilly ridges on tillite and shale; much rock outcrop; stony pavements are common Gabanintha Greenstone ridges, hills and footslopes supporting sparse acacia and other mainly non- System halophytic shrublands. Glengarry Sandstone plateaux, summits and hillslopes supporting mainly dense Mulga and other acacia System shrublands, spinifex, and numerous low shrubs. Hamilton Hardpan plains, stony plains and incised drainage lines supporting Mulga tall shrublands. System Jundee Hardpan plains with variable gravelly mantles and minor sandy banks supporting weakly System groved Mulga shrublands. Kalyaltcha Stony erosional plains, alluvial plains and drainage floors supporting open Mulga shrublands System with undershrubs including blue bush. Killara System Basalt hills supporting open Mulga shrublands with patchy spinifex. Leeman Sandy tracts and banks, saline alluvial plains and lake margins supporting shrubby spinifex System grasslands, Mulga and blue bush shrublands and samphire low shrublands. Leonora Low greenstone hills and stony plains supporting mixed chenopod shrublands. System Lorna System Gently undulating sandy plains supporting Mulga shrublands and spinifex. Lynne System Stony plateaux, summits and hillslopes with minor flood plains and drainage floors supporting open Mulga and other acacia shrublands and minor saltbush and bluebush shrublands. Melaleuca Sandy-surfaced plains and calcareous plains supporting spinifex or Mulga shrublands with System wanderrie grasses. Mileura Saline and non-saline calcreted river plains with flood plains and calcrete platforms supporting System variable tall shrublands, mixed halophytic shrublands and shrubby grasslands. Millrose Level or very gently undulating stony plains on hardpan and granite with irregularly distributed System sandy banks supporting mostly scattered Mulga shrublands with minor grasses. Mindura Low hills, ridges and outcrops of granite, gneiss and quartz above convex, quartz-strewn System interfluves and lower plains supporting sparse acacia shrublands becoming more dense in drainage floors. Mitchell Sandplains, wanderrie banks and salt flats, supporting Mulga and mallee shrublands with System wanderrie grasses and spinifex, chenopod shrublands on saline plains. Monk System Hardpan plains with occasional sandy banks supporting Mulga tall shrublands and wanderrie grasses. Nb7 Uneven and broken plains with gravel and stone pavements, scald patches, and clay pans and traversed by low narrow ridges and knolls of bare rock including shales, limestones, sandstones, and quartzites; some laterite and silcrete cappings Nb8 Alluvial plains with sand banks and dunes, pans, channels, and scalded areas Princess Rocky sandstone ranges, summits, footslopes and minor drainage floors; supporting dense System Mulga and other acacia shrublands, occasional mallees, understorey low shrubs and spinifex. Rainbow Hardpan plains supporting Mulga tall shrublands. System Ranch System Hardpan plains and prominent broad drainage tracts supporting dense Mulga tall shrublands. Sherwood Breakaways, kaolinised footslopes and extensive gently sloping plains on granite supporting

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 14 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Land system Land system description name System Mulga shrublands and minor halophytic shrublands. Sodary Stony uplands and plains on shale supporting Mulga shrublands with sparse chenopod and System other shrub understoreys. Steer System Gravelly alluvial plains supporting chenopod shrublands. SV11 Plains studded with lakes, clay pans, and salt pans Tiger System Gravelly hardpan plains and sandy banks with Mulga shrublands and wanderrie grasses. Tooloo Breakaways on sedimentary rocks with saline footslopes and extensive stony lower plains, System supporting Mulga shrublands and minor halophytic shrublands. Trennaman Sandy hardpan plains and broad drainage zones supporting groved Mulga shrublands and System wanderrie grasses. Treuer Tablelands, lower slopes, plains and drainage floors, supporting Mulga and other acacia tall System shrublands and numerous low shrubs. Violet System Gently undulating gravelly plains on greenstone, laterite and hardpan, with low stony rises and minor saline plains; supporting groved Mulga and Bowgada shrublands and occasionally chenopod shrublands. Wadjinyanda Alluvial plains, active flood-plains, sandy banks and channels, supporting sparse Mulga and System other acacia shrublands. Waguin Sandplains and stripped granite or laterite surfaces with low fringing breakaways and lower System plains; supports Bowgada and Mulga shrublands with wanderrie grasses and minor halophytic shrublands. Wiluna Low greenstone hills with occasional lateritic breakaways and broad stony slopes, lower saline System stony plains and broad drainage tracts; supporting sparse Mulga and other acacia shrublands with patches of halophytic shrubs. Windarra Gently undulating stony plains and low rises with quartz mantles on granite, supporting Acacia- System Eremophila shrublands. Windidda Plains on shale and dolomitic limestone, supporting groved Mulga shrublands and scattered System bluebush shrublands. Wongawol Sandstone plateaux, low dolerite ridges and flood-plains; supporting sparse Mulga and Curara System shrublands. Yandil System Flat hardpan wash plains with mantles of small pebbles and gravels; supporting groved Mulga shrublands and occasional wanderrie grasses. Yanganoo Almost flat hardpan wash plains, with or without small wanderrie banks and weak groving; System supporting Mulga shrublands and wanderrie grasses on banks. Yelma System Sandplains, minor stripped surfaces and drainage floors, supporting spinifex grasslands with scattered mallees and Mulga and groved Mulga shrublands.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 15 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.1.1 Geology

Both geological and hydrological conditions are of little relevance for the proposed development in the road study area and therefore the geological and hydrological sections concentrate on the lake study area. The lake study area is situated over the Nabberu Basin and is characterised by generally low relief with elevation rising from about 440 m in the low-lying areas around Lake Carnegie to about 600 m in some of the ranges to the west (Bunting 1986). The Nabberu Basin contains two sub-basins, namely the Glengarry sub-basin in the west and the Earaheedy sub-basin in the east (Bunting 1986). The lake study area belongs to the Earaheedy sub-basin which represents the southern portion of a passive continental margin on the north-eastern edge of the Yilgarn Craton (Jones et al. 2001). The sedimentary features in the Proterozoic Earaheedy Group indicate deposition in a shallow- marine to coastal environment (Jones et al. 2001). Surface expressions of the Earaheedy Group are in particular evident around the north-east of Lake Carnegie (Princess Ranges, Timberly Range), but also scattered along its southern edge. These largely constitute outcrops of the Wongawol formation (fine arkosic sandstone grinding upwards into mudstone and carbonate), Princess Ranges Quartzite (clean white quartz arenite, minor clayey sandstone and siltstone forming rugged hills), Windiwarra Formation (fine to coarse grained quartz sandstone and shale), and Windidda Formation (limestone, shale, stromatolitic in part) (Bunting 1980; Commander et al. 1982). Scattered surface expressions of the early Permian (Palaeozoic) Paterson Formation are evident around the lake, which constitute poorly sorted sandstone, siltstone claystone and conglomerate. This formation is exposed in breakaways where it is seen to be flat-lying and undeformed; only rarely is there a measurable dip (Bunting 1980). The surface geology of the lake study area itself is dominated by the Quaternary lacustrine deposits of Lake Carnegie, which consists of saline and gypsiferous clay, silts and sand (Bunting 1980; Jackson 1978). These represent the sedimentary infill deposits of the former Carnegie palaeoriver. Cainozoic alluvial and colluvial deposits dominate the lower lying parts of the landscape around Lake Carnegie (Bunting 1980; Commander et al. 1982; Jackson 1978). Colluvial deposits, which consist of unconsolidated rock and quartz fragments in loam, form a blanket of debris extending from scree slopes below outcrops, through gently sloping pediments, to extensive, flat, low-lying plains (Bunting 1980). Alluvium occurs in broad, ill-defined drainage lines ranging from small creeks with thick Mulga growth, to wide flood plains in the lower reaches of the drainage systems. The deposits are poorly sorted and contain material ranging from clay to pebble size. Extensive sandplains of Quaternary Aeolian sand dominate the landscape and form a distinctive geomorphological unit between the high bedrock outcrops and the regional drainage lines (Sanders & Harley 1971). The main drainage valleys have rubbly calcrete overlaying fluviatile material (Sanders & Harley 1971). Calcrete is a deposit of limestone and opaline silica, formed by partial replacement of soil material in major drainages. It formed after the trunk valleys of the palaeodrainage system had been filled, probably in the late Tertiary, and is now being eroded in those drainage lines which are still active (e.g. Banjo Creek). The calcrete may be nodular, massive or laminated and is typically cavernous. In the east of Lake Carnegie, calcrete may be up to 40 m thick (Jackson 1978), but most of the calcretes around the east of the lake are probably under 10 m thick (Bunting 1980). Within the scope of this assessment, the considerable extent of Quaternary alluvial deposits and calcretes around the study area (Figure 5-3) are significant, as they provide the geological and hydrological conditions for subterranean fauna to occur.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 16 420000 470000 520000 7150000 7150000 7100000 7100000 7050000 7050000

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 420000 470000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Carnegie Potash Project JV Lake study area Figure 5-3 Project No 1152 Tenements within study area Surface geology Date 24-May-17 Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Live tenement Map author KC Aus tr alia Pending tenement 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 PERTH Surface geology Kilometres

1:650,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Quaternary Alluvium (Qa) All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no Calcrete (Czk) representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_Geology.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.1.2 Hydrology

5.1.2.1 Groundwater

Groundwater is common around the lake study area and is shallowest and freshest in the alluvial deposits and the fine gravel and calcrete of the valley fills, although some may be obtained from the fractured sandstone, shales and dolomites (Sanders & Harley 1971). The water table is generally between 3–15 m below the surface, although it may be as deep as 35 m in zones of fractured or weathered bedrock of Archaean or Proterozoic origin (Sanders & Harley 1971). The Permian fluvio-glacial deposits are not extensive enough to provide a catchment area. The Proterozoic and Archaean rocks are generally too impervious to make suitable aquifers, although small amounts of water may be obtained from joints and fracture systems (Bunting 1980). The groundwater in the alluvial deposits and calcretes is comparatively fresh. Salinities measured at Wongawol, Carnegie, Lorna Glen and Windidda ranged from 400 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) to about 7,800 ppm TDS (Sanders & Harley 1971). To the north of Lake Carnegie, areas of bedrock and colluvium away from the trunk drainages tend to have fresh to brackish groundwater in the salinity range 400-4,000 mg/l. Salinities tend to rise downstream, and towards the centres of the drainages, to over 10,000 mg/I in the alluvium/sheetwash and salt lake areas (Commander et al. 1982). Generally, salinity in calcretes increases rapidly away from the intake (Sanders & Harley 1971). However, the hydrological conditions in inland calcrete aquifers are complex, and characterised by high spatial and temporal variability; they likely resemble coastal anchialine systems, where freshwater overlays a heavier saline layer with a temporal vertical shift during and after rainfall events (Humphreys et al. 2009). Salinity in the groundwater under Lake Carnegie and some saline drainages is assumed high (Bunting 1980). Groundwater replenishment occurs entirely from rainfall during major storms. Approximately 3% of the mean annual rainfall infiltrates to the water table within the region (Sanders & Harley 1971). The groundwater flow in the study area likely follows the ancient palaeodrainage system. During initial mapping of the Carnegie palaeoriver, that also includes Lake Wells, it remained unclear if this system drained to the north (into Lake Disappointment) or to the south-east (into the Throssell palaeodrainage system), although the current understanding is that the Carnegie palaeorivers drained into the south-east (Beard 2002). However, the Carnegie system was ultimately cut off in the south and formed into a basin of interior drainage with little groundwater flow. Lake Carnegie and Lake Wells today represent separate groundwater sinks as the palaeochannel connecting both is now divided by a watershed (Beard 2002). Details of the Cainozoic stratigraphy of the Carnegie palaeochannel are not well understood, unlike, for example, other ancient drainage systems, e.g. the Roe palaeosystem near Kalgoorlie (Kern & Commander 1993).

5.1.2.2 Surface water

There is no permanent surface water around Lake Carnegie. Drainage lines in the southern part of the area are now inactive, and, together with the major salt-lake systems, they form part of the palaeodrainage system which ceased significant flow in the middle Miocene (Bunting et al. 1973). The active drainages, which flow only after heavy rain, occur on a more recent erosion surface. Larger creeks have incised channels up to 4 m deep and 30 m wide which are flanked by extensive flood plains (e.g. Wongawol Creek), and which are mainly confined to areas underlain by the Earaheedy Group (Bunting 1980).

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 18 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.1.3 Conservation reserves and environmentally sensitive areas

The study area does not intersect any conservation reserves. The closest reserves to the lake study area are (Figure 1-1):  Lorna Glen (Matuwa) – 44 km W  Earaheedy (Kurrara Kurrara) – 8 km NW. The road study area intersects Lorna Glen and Earaheedy (Figure 1-1). Much of the lake study area is designated an environmentally sensitive area (ESA) as declared by the Minister for Environment under section 51B of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) for its wetland values.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – FLORA AND VEGETATION

5.2.1 Vegetation

5.2.1.1 Native vegetation extent and status

The study area is located within the Eremaean Botanical Province (EPA 2016h). Broad scale vegetation mapping of the area (Shepherd et al. 2002) identifies nine vegetation associations represented within the lake study area (Figure 5-4). Lake Carnegie is predominantly mapped as association 676 Succulent steppe; samphire and 125 Bare areas; salt lakes. Within the road study area, 19 vegetation associations are mapping representing mostly low mulga woodlands, mulga scrub shrublands and hummock grasslands (Figure 5-4). The Directory of Important Wetlands (DIW) listing for Lake Carnegie (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995) describes the lake bed as bare of vegetation; the islands and lake margins as supporting low shrubland (saltbush and samphire); and low open-woodland with a low shrubland understorey fringing the northern boundary of the lake.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 19 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000

29 29 125 125

7300000 29 7300000 676

29 676 508 676 676 676 676 18 676 676 676 125 676 39 18 676 676 676 39 676 29 676 676 39 18 676

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18 1446 1446 1446 676 107 1446 39 125 18 39 1446 29 107 676 39 676 39 39 107 39 95 1446 18 125 18 125 107

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676 508 29 676 95 18 18 18 39 1446 125 676 676 107 18 29 18 125 39 39 676 560 107 18 676 29 18 125 107 39 29 1446 1446 107 107 18 39 1446 29 18 125 18 39 18 1446 18 95 676 7075000 39 18 39 39 7075000 29 1446 29 107 107 676 1446 107 676 676 39 39 39 18 107 18 18 95 18 204 560 39 18 1446 28 107 39 202 11 125 107 11 39 125 204 125 125 107 107 11 40 18 188 125 18 560 107 202 125 29 107 39 561 389 39 18 29 204 1271 18 107 560 389 18 107 18 39 204 29 18 29 39 125 107 39 676

7000000 11: Medium woodland; coolabah (Eucalyptus microtheca) 204: Succulent steppe with open scrub; scattered mulga 7000000 18: Low woodland; mulga (Acacia aneura) and Acacia sclerosperma over saltbush and bluebush 28: Open low woodland; mulga 389: Succulent steppe with open low woodland; mulga over saltbush 29: Sparse low woodland; mulga, discontinuous in scattered groups 508: Succulent steppe with open scrub; scattered mulga over saltbush 39: Shrublands; mulga scrub 560: Mosaic: Shrublands; bowgada scrub / Succulent 40: Shrublands; acacia scrub, various species steppe; samphire 95: Hummock grasslands, shrub steppe; acacia and grevillea 561: Succulent steppe with low woodland; mulga over over Triodia basedowii saltbush 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub steppe; mulga and 676: Succulent steppe; samphire 6925000 Eucalyptus kingsmillii over hard spinifex 6925000 1271: Bare areas; claypans 125: Bare areas; salt lakes Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe,1446: GeoEye, Succulent Earthstar steppe with Geographics, scrub; mulga CNES/Airbus over bluebush DS, 188: Shrublands; mulga and Acacia sclerosperma scrub USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping,2081: Shrublands; Aerogrid, bowgada IGN, and IGP, associated swisstopo, spp. and scrub the GIS 202: Shrublands; mulga and Acacia quadrimargineaUser Communityscrub 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Carnegie Potash Project JV Lake study area Figure 5-4 Project No 1152 Road study area Vegetation associations Date 24-May-17 Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Tenements within study area of the study area Aus tr alia Map author KC 0 10 20 40 60 Live tenement (Shepherd et al. 2002) PERTH Kilometres Pending tenement 1:1,750,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_VegAssociations.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.2.1.2 Threatened and priority ecological communities

No TECs listed under the EPBC Act or WC Act were returned in the database search results. Fourteen PECs were identified within the area of the desktop review, with 12 of these representing stygofaunal communities associated with confined palaeodrainage systems, also referred to as calcrete groundwater assemblages (CGAs; refer to section 5.5). Two PECs associated with BIFs were identified, one located north of the lake study area and the other west of Wiluna (Table 5-2; Figure 5-5). Neither of these PECs are likely to be relevant to the current study area. Table 5-2 Vegetation related priority ecological communities in vicinity of study area

Community ID Community name Conservation Buffer Proximity to status (km) study area Lee Steere Lee Steere Range vegetation complexes Priority 1 1 36 km N of lake Range BIF (banded ironstone formation) study area Wiluna West Wiluna West vegetation complexes (banded Priority 1 0.5 30 km W of BIF ironstone formation) Wiluna end of Wongawol Road

5.2.2 Flora

The desktop study identified 597 records of flora species within the area of the desktop review. The list comprised species from 62 families and 208 genera. A total of 21 species are introduced, including one species listed as a weed of national significance. No threatened flora listed under the EPBC Act or the WC Act were identified in the desktop study. The database searches returned 38 priority flora species within the area of the desktop review (Table 5-3). There are records for two species, Gunniopsis propinqua (P3) and Eremophila campanulata (P3), within the lake study area and a large number of priority flora records within the road study area (Figure 5-5).

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 21 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000

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3 3 ^_ (! (! 25^_21 (!^_21 32 Birriliburu (! Indigenous 7225000 Protected Area 7225000 21 (! (! 3 (!^_^_ 27 (! 25 (!(! 21 7 ^_(! 22

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7075000 ^_ 20 (! 7075000 ^_ 2 20 21 (! (! 31 (! ^_ 29 35 #* ! 3 (! ^_ (! #* 16 16 36 (! (^_(! ^_(! 17 35 #*(! 15 #*(! 37 34 35 (! (! (!(!^_(! 18 #* 3 ^_(!^_(!! (! (!^_(^_(! 7 (! ^_(!(! 1 ^_(! 23 (! 9 21 24 (! 8 ^_^_ #* 35 35 #* 7000000 7000000

De La Poer Range Nature Reserve

DPaW conservation significant flora ^_ 9, Tecticornia sp. Sunshine Lake (K.A. (! 18, Euryomyrtus inflata (P3) (! 29, Stackhousia clementii (P3) Shepherd et al. KS 867) (P1) Label, Taxon (ConsStatus) (! 19, Goodenia lyrata (P3) (! 30, Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) 1, Beyeria lapidicola (P1) )" 10, Eremophila jamesiorum (P2) ^_ (! 20, Gunniopsis propinqua (P3) (! 31, Thryptomene sp. Leinster (B.J. Lepschi 6925000 6925000 )" 11, Goodenia virgata (P2) and L.A. Craven 4362) (P3) ^_ 2, Eremophila arguta (P1) (! 21, Homalocalyx echinulatus (P3) (! 12, Acacia burrowsiana (P3) (! 32, Tribulus adelacanthus (P3) ^_ 3, Eremophila congesta (P1) (! 22, Maireana prosthecochaeta (P3) (! 13, Aristida jerichoensis var. (! 33, Vittadinia pustulata (P3) 4, Eremophila daddii (P1) (! 23, Olearia mucronata (P3) ^_ subspinulifera (P3) (! ! 34, Xanthoparmelia nashii (P3) 5, Eremophila regia (P1) (! 14, Elatine macrocalyx (P3) ( 24, Paspalidium distans (P3) ^_ #* 35, Eremophila pungens (P4) (! 25, Prostanthera ferricola (P3) 6, Eremophila resiliens (P1) (! 15, Eremophila annosocaulis (P3) ^_ #* 36, Goodenia berringbinensis (P4) (! 16, Eremophila campanulata (P3) (! 26, Ptilotus luteolus (P3) ^_ 7, Ptilotus chrysocomus (P1) #* 37, Hemigenia exilis (P4) (! 17, Eremophila flaccida subsp. attenuataSource:(! Esri,27, DigitalGlobe,Sida picklesiana (P3)GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, 8, Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P. Armstrong ^_ (P3) USDA,(! USGS,28, Sporobolus AEX, Getmapping, blakei (P3) Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS 05/961) (P1) User Community 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd DPaW TEC/PEC search results Tenements within study area Carnegie Potash Project JV Figure 5-4 Lee Steere Range vegetation Live tenement Project No 1152 complexes (banded ironstone Desktop records of Date 24-May-17 Pending tenement formation) (P1) Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Nature Reserve conservation significant Aus tr alia Map author KC Wiluna West vegetation Protected areas (CAPAD) flora and ecological 0 10 20 40 60 complexes (banded ironstone PERTH Kilometres formation) (P1) communities

1:1,750,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Lake study area All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Road study area Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_Desktop_Flora.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Table 5-3 Conservation significant flora records in the vicinity of the study area

Family Name Cons. Description (Florabase) status Aizoaceae Gunniopsis propinqua P3 Prostrate annual or perennial, herb, 0.03-0.1 m high. Fl. white/pink, Aug to Sep. Stony sandy loam. Lateritic outcrops, winter-wet sites. Amaranthaceae Ptilotus chrysocomus P1 Compact, perennial, woody shrub, to 1 m high, leaves bunched at shoots, oblanceolate, 3-10 mm long, 0.5-1 mm long; spikes yellow, ovoid-orbicular, 6-12 mm long, 6-10 mm wide; bracts 0.8-1 mm long; bracteoles 1.8-2.2 mm long; tepals 3.4-4 mm long; 5 fertile stamens; ovary glabrous, style 1.4- 1.8 mm long, sigmoid, centrally fixed to ovary. Fl. yellow, Aug to Sep. Brown sandy clays. Bases of breakaways, rocky scree slopes. Amaranthaceae Ptilotus luteolus P3 Asteraceae Olearia mucronata P3 Densely branched, unpleasantly aromatic shrub, 0.6-1 m high. Fl. white & yellow, Aug to Dec or Jan. Schistose hills, along drainage channels. Asteraceae Vittadinia pustulata P3 Low annual, herb (sometimes persisting as an under-shrub), 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. Sep. Celastraceae Stackhousia clementii P3 Dense broom-like perennial, herb, to 0.45 m high. Fl. green/yellow/brown. Skeletal soils. Sandstone hills. Chenopodiaceae Maireana prosthecochaeta P3 Open, densely-leaved shrub, 0.3-0.6 m high. Laterite. Hills, salty places.

Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia cymbiformis P3 Erect, perennial shrub, 0.3-0.5 m high. Saline soils. Along the edge of creeklines. Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P. P1 Armstrong 05/961) Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia sp. Sunshine Lake P1 (K.A. Shepherd et al. KS 867) Elatinaceae Elatine macrocalyx P3 Prostrate, glabrous, mat-forming annual, herb, sepals 2-3mm long, fruit indehiscent. Fl. white, May to Oct (probably opportunistic). Shallow sands over clay. Margins of playa lakes and clay pans.

Euphorbiaceae Beyeria lapidicola P1 Fabaceae Acacia burrowsiana P3 Stout shrub or tree, to 5 m high, bark grey, fibrous, fissured, smooth on upper branches; phyllodes sub-rigid, sub-glaucous, erect, coarsely pungent. Red-brown loams with ironstone rubble on surface, calcrete soils, laterite, quartz. Flats adjacent to watercourses, crests of low rises, breakaways.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 23 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Family Name Cons. Description (Florabase) status Goodeniaceae Goodenia berringbinensis P4 Ascending annual, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct. Red sandy loam. Along watercourses.

Goodeniaceae Goodenia lyrata P3 Prostrate herb, with lyrate leaves. Fl. yellow, Aug. Red sandy loam. Near claypan. Goodeniaceae Goodenia virgata P2 Ascending to erect, virgate perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Jul. Red sandy loam. Near salt pans. Lamiaceae Hemigenia exilis P4 Erect, multi-stemmed shrub, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. blue-purple/white, Apr or Sep to Nov. Laterite. Breakaways, slopes. Lamiaceae Prostanthera ferricola P3 Erect, openly-branched shrub, 0.3-1 m high. Shallow red-brown skeletal sandy loam on banded ironstone, laterite, basalt or quartz. Gently inclined mid to upper slopes of hills, rocky crests, outcrops. Malvaceae Sida picklesiana P3 Herb or shrub. Stems glabrous. Leaves 10-45 mm long, 10-34 mm wide, not lobed; Flowering time April, August or November. There is a detailed scientific description of this species on Florabase Myrtaceae Euryomyrtus inflata P3 Shrub, 0.3-0.7 m high, leaves dull green, fruits erect. Fl. white-pink, Jun to Jul. Deep red sand. Flat plain. Myrtaceae Homalocalyx echinulatus P3 Shrub, 0.45-1 m high. Fl. pink, Jun to Sep. Laterite. Breakaways, sandstone hills. Myrtaceae Thryptomene sp. Leinster P3 (B.J. Lepschi & L.A. Craven 4362) Parmeliaceae Xanthoparmelia nashii P3 Poaceae Aristida jerichoensis var. P3 Compactly tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-0.8 m high, lemma groove muricate. Hardpan subspinulifera plains. Poaceae Paspalidium distans P3 Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.8 m high. Fl. green, Mar to Sep. Loam. River banks. Poaceae Sporobolus blakei P3 Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.45-0.6 m high. Fl. green-purple, Mar or Jun to Jul. Red sandy clay, loam. Creeks. Scrophulariaceae Eremophila annosocaulis P3

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 24 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Family Name Cons. Description (Florabase) status Scrophulariaceae Eremophila arachnoides P3 Broom-like shrub, to 3 m high, branches with circular, discrete tubercles. Fl. white/blue-purple, Sep. subsp. arachnoides Shallow loam over limestone.

Scrophulariaceae Eremophila arguta P1 Shrub.

Scrophulariaceae Eremophila campanulata P3 Low shrub, ca 0.3 m high, 0.4 m wide. Fl. purple-red, Sep. Stony red/brown clay. Scrophulariaceae Eremophila congesta P1 Upright shrub, to 1.2 m high. Fl. purple-blue, Aug to Sep. Lateritic outcrops in greenstone hills, stony quartzite slopes. Scrophulariaceae Eremophila daddii P1 Scrophulariaceae Eremophila flaccida subsp. P3 Erect, compact shrub, ca 0.5 m high. Fl. pink & blue, May. Stony clay over quartzite. Hillslopes, ridges. attenuata Scrophulariaceae Eremophila jamesiorum P2 Scrophulariaceae Eremophila pungens P4 Erect, viscid shrub, 0.5-1.5 m high. Fl. purple-violet, Jun to Aug. Sandy loam, clayey sand over laterite. Plains, ridges, breakaways. Scrophulariaceae Eremophila regia P1 Scrophulariaceae Eremophila resiliens P1 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus adelacanthus P3 Prostrate herb, plants villous; leaflet pairs 3-6; fruits 5-winged, lacking spines, 10-14 mm high.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 25 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – LANDFORMS

EPA guidance for landforms (EPA 2016b) does not specifically mention salt lakes as representing potentially significant landforms for the purpose of EIA; however, Lake Carnegie fits the EPA’s broad definition of a landform (see section 4.2) and the landform characteristics of the lake may trigger some criteria considered by the EPA (EPA 2016b) in the determination of significant landforms, as outlined in Table 5-4. The Lake Carnegie landform is a megascale irregular sumpland with numerous microscale to macroscale islands (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995). At its south-east end the lake becomes a discontinuous series of microscale to macroscale sumplands. Lake Carnegie has formed in a largely infilled alluvial valley of a major palaeodrainage which is connected to Lake Wells and flowed south-east into the Throssell palaeodrainage system (Beard 2002). The lake bed is an expanse of lacustrine clay and silt with sand, salt and gypsum. Mixed Aeolian dunes of gypsum and quartz sand form numerous circular or crescentic islands and marginal lake deposits. The lake study area does not intercept BIFs and is unlikely to intersect any dunal systems that may represent significant landforms. Table 5-4 Considerations for determining significant landforms

Aspect Description Relevant to study area?

Variety The landform is a particularly good or important Lake Carnegie is significant as a DIW wetland example of its type. The landform is not well (criterion 1) because it is considered a good represented over the local, regional or national example of a large intermittent saline lake scale or differs from other examples at these unusual in the Gascoyne bioregion scales. (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995; see section 5.6).

Integrity The landform is intact, being largely complete or Likely. whole and in good condition.

Ecological The landform has a distinctive or exclusive role Possibly. Lake Carnegie is listed as a DIW importance in maintaining existing ecological and physical under criterion 3: ‘It is a wetland which is processes; for example, by providing a unique important as the habitat for animal taxa at a microclimate, source of water flow, or shade. vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or The landform supports endemic or highly provides a refuge when adverse conditions restricted plants or animals. such as drought prevail.’ (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995; see section 5.6).

Scientific The landform provides evidence of past Unknown, requires further investigation. importance ecological processes or is an important geomorphological or geological site. The landform is of recognised scientific interest as a reference site or an example of where important natural processes are operating.

Rarity The landform is rare or relatively rare, being one Possibly. Lake Carnegie is noted as ‘unusual of the few of its type at a national, regional or in the Gascoyne bioregion’. local level.

Social The landform supports significant amenity, Unknown, requires further investigation. importance cultural or heritage values.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 26 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – TERRESTRIAL FAUNA

5.4.1 Vertebrate fauna

Records for 297 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species and subspecies were identified in the area of the desktop review. This comprised of nine frogs, 87 reptiles, 152 birds (151 native and one introduced) and 48 mammals (37 native and 11 introduced). A total of 39 species or subspecies of conservation significance were identified in the desktop review including 17 listed under the EPBC Act and/or WC Act as Threatened, Conservation Dependent or Specially Protected (Table 5-5). A further 16 species are listed as ‘Migratory’ under the EPBC Act and WC Act and eight species are listed as Priority species (Table 5-5). A record for one Migratory species, Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola) was identified within lake study area and numerous records for conservation significant species were returned within the boundary of the road study area (Figure 5-6). Some species identified in the desktop review are considered regionally extinct in the vicinity of the study area and recent records of the species are only known from translocated populations to a fenced-off area on ex-Lorna Glen pastoral station (Table 5-5). Some of these species may possibly occur outside of the managed area and are therefore included as a species with the potential to occur within the study area in this report. One species, the Boodie (Bettongia lesueuri), comprises of three separate subspecies which formed part of a translocated population to Lorna Glen, of which the status of the subspecies is not well known; however, it is likely the three have intermixed following the translocation. One species identified in the desktop review, the Greater Stick-nest Rat, is considered regionally extinct. It is only known on the Western Australian mainland from one translocated population which is managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy on the Mt Gibson Sanctuary located over 600 km southwest of the study area and should not be considered further. Also of note, Lake Carnegie is listed as a major episodic breeding area for Black Swan Cygnus atratus and also a major habitat for other waterfowl (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995). Table 5-5 Conservation significant fauna species identified in the desktop review

Conservation status Species Common name EPBC Act WC Act DPaW Reptiles Diplodactylus kenneallyi Kenneally's Gecko P2 Lerista macropisthopus remota Unpatterned Robust Slider P2 Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Mig. Mig. Ardea modesta Eastern Great Egret Mig. Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover Mig. Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Mig. Falco hypoleucos Grey Falcon VU Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon OS Glareola maldivarum Oriental Pratincole Mig. Amytornis striatus striatus Striated Grasswren (inland) P4

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 27 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Conservation status Species Common name EPBC Act WC Act DPaW Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU VU Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Mig. Mig. Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Mig. Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Mig. Pezoporus occidentalis Night Parrot EN CR Polytelis alexandrae Princess Parrot VU P4 Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Mig. Calidris alba Sanderling Mig. Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Mig. Mig. Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint Mig. Calidris subminuta Long-toed Stint Mig. Mig. Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Mig. Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Mig. Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Mig. Mig. Tyto novaehollandiae novaehollandiae Masked Owl (southern subsp) P3 Mammals Dasycercus blythi Brush-tailed Mulgara P4 Dasycercus cristicauda Crest-tailed Mulgara VU P4 Sminthopsis longicaudata Long-tailed Dunnart P4 Sminthopsis psammophila Sandhill Dunnart EN EN Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus Rufous Hare-wallaby CD EX Petrogale lateralis lateralis Black-flanked Rock-wallaby EN EN Macroderma gigas Ghost Bat VU VU Leporillus apicalis Lesser Stick-nest Rat CD EX Pseudomys fieldi Shark Bay Mouse VU VU Isoodon auratus barrowensis Barrow Island Golden Bandicoot VU VU

Bettongia lesueur subsp. (WAM M10733) Barrow Island Boodie VU CD

Bettongia lesueur graii Boodie CD EX

Bettongia lesueur lesueur Shark Bay Boodie VU CD

Macrotis lagotis Bilby VU VU

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 28 220000 370000 520000 7300000 7300000

Birriliburu Indigenous Protected Area

1 kj

28 6 (! (! 7 (! (! 29 (! Earaheedy NRS Addition - Gazettal in Progress 1 (! 7150000 kj6 7150000

! ( 32 (!(!(!(! 30 (! (!(!(!!(!(!(!(! 4 (!(!((!(! 34 3 (!(! 28 (!(!(!(! 34 (!! 28 32 (!(!(!( (!(! 22 (! (! (! (!(! (!(! (! (!(!(!(!(! 27 22 (! 6 (! (! (!(!(! 4 4 (! 36 31 32 (! 6 15 14 15 26 7 (! (! 12 (! (! (! (! (! (! 21 35 (! 28 22 25 13 *# 5 !(! (! 4 ( 32 (! (! 24 (! (! (! 34 (! 10 (!(!(! 7 7 (! (! (! (! 22 ! 32 ( 32 (! (! 9 (! (! ! (!(! (! (! (! (! (! (!(! 7000000 (!(!(! 7 9 7000000 33 ! (! (! ( 2 (! 32 (!(! 22 )" (! (! 32 7 (! 13)"(!(!(! 28 (! (! 16 (!(!(! 35

DPaW conservation significant fauna (! 11, rufous hare-wallaby (south-western) (EX) (! 24, sanderling (IA) (! (! Label, Common Name (ConsStatus) 12, common greenshank, greenshank (IA) 25, sharp-tailed sandpiper (IA) kj (! 13, fork-tailed swift (IA) (! 26, wood sandpiper (IA) 1, night parrot (CR) (! (! )" 14, glossy ibis (IA) 27, boodie, Barrow Island burrowing bettong (CD) 2, black-flanked rock-wallaby, warru (EN) (! (! (! 3, Barrow Island golden bandicoot (VU) 15, great egret, white egret (IA) 28, peregrine falcon (OS) 6850000 (! (! 6850000 (! 16, gull-billed tern (IA) 29, Kenneally's gecko (P2) 4, bilby, dalgyte, ninu (VU) (! (! (! 17, long-toed stint (IA) 30, unpatterned robust slider (P2) 5, ghost bat (VU) (! (! (! 18, oriental plover (IA) 31, masked owl (southwestern) (P3) 6, grey falcon (VU) (! (! (! 19, oriental pratincole (IA) 32, brush-tailed mulgara (P4) 7, malleefowl (VU) (! (! (! 20, Pacific golden plover (IA) 33, crest-tailed mulgara, minyiminyi (P4) 8, Shark Bay mouse, djoongari (VU) (! (! (! 21, pectoral sandpiper (IA) 34, long-tailed dunnart (P4) 9, shield-backed trapdoor spider (VU) (! (! (! 10, boodie (inland), burrowing bettong (inland) (EX) 22, rainbow bee-eater (IA) 35, striated grasswren (P4) (! 23, red-necked stint (IA) (! 36, western grasswren (P4) Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,BirData Earthstar database Geographics, search CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS Eastern Great Egret User Community *# 220000 370000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Carnegie Potash Project JV Lake study area Figure 5-6 Project No 1152 Road study area Desktop records of Date 24-May-17 Tenements within study area Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Map author KC conservation significant Aus tr alia Live tenement 0 15 30 60 90 vertebrate fauna PERTH Pending tenement Kilometres Nature Reserve 1:2,300,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Protected areas (CAPAD) Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_Desktop_Fauna.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.4.2 Short-range endemic invertebrates

The WAM database searches returned a total of 260 records of terrestrial invertebrates (Arachnology/Myriapodology – 259; Crustacea – 0; Mollusca - 1) within approximately 100 km of the study area. These included a total of 12 potential SRES, all in the trapdoor spider family Nemesiidae (Table 5-6; Figure 5-7). All records were from surveys at Lorna Glen Station (Langlands et al. 2011; Langlands et al. 2012). There were no records from the lake study area. The invertebrate fauna in the region is too poorly known to confidently identify any of the species listed here as SREs. Table 5-6 Potential short-range endemic invertebrates identified by the desktop review

WAM reg. Family Genus and species Location (as per WA Museum) Latitude Longitude no (GDA94) (GDA94) Araneae (spiders) T88654 Nemesiidae Aname `hooded` 8.5 km S. of Lorna Glen Station -26.3036 121.5628 T88669 Nemesiidae Aname `hooded` 25.2 km N. of Lorna Glen Station -26.0013 121.5633 T88660 Nemesiidae Aname `hooded` 4.6 km N. of Lorna Glen Station -26.1852 121.5644 T88655 Nemesiidae Aname `hooded` 23.4 km N. of Lorna Glen Station -26.0155 121.5600 T66399 Nemesiidae Aname `LGS sp. 1` Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 13 -26.3036 121.5628 T66461 Nemesiidae Aname `LGS sp. 3` Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 17 -26.1577 121.5639 T66458 Nemesiidae Aname `LGS sp. 3` Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 16 -26.1855 121.5644 T65329 Nemesiidae Aname `LGS sp. 4`? Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 15 -26.2741 121.5597 T88656 Nemesiidae Aname mellosa gp 25.2 km N. of Lorna Glen Station -26.0013 121.5633 T76094 Nemesiidae Kwonkan `LGS sp. 5` Lorna Glen Station, site LGS13 -26.3036 121.5628 T64718 Nemesiidae Kwonkan sp. indet. Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 14 -26.2972 121.5522 T65377 Nemesiidae Nemesiidae sp. indet. Lorna Glen Station, quadrat 19 -26.0013 121.5633

No terrestrial crustaceans (e.g. slaters) were identified from the WAM or Phoenix database searches in the study area. The most prospective habitat for SREs in the study area and most likely impacted is the playa of Lake Carnegie and its riparian zone, including some islands within the lake. Salt lakes are known to harbour a number of SREs, particularly within wolf spiders (Framenau & Hudson 2017) and tiger beetles (López-López et al. 2016; Pons et al. 2006). A number of salt lake specialist invertebrates have been collected from Lake Wells, including wolf spiders, a buthid scorpion and tiger beetles (Phoenix invertebrate databases), but these records are situated outside the desktop search area and therefore not considered here in detail. However, as Lake Wells belongs to the same palaeodrainage system as Lake Carnegie, the records provide an important reference for future surveys at Lake Carnegie.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 30 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 350000 360000 7375000 7375000 7130000 7130000

Aname `hooded` Nemesiidae sp. indet. Aname mellosa gp *# *# Aname`hooded` 7120000 7120000 7300000 7300000

Birriliburu Indigenous Protected Area 7110000 7110000 Lorna Glen NRS Aname`LGS sp. 3` Addition - Gazettal in Progress*# Aname`hooded` 7225000 *# 7225000 *# Aname`LGS sp. 3` 7100000 7100000

Aname`LGS sp. 4`? *# Earaheedy NRS Addition Kwonkan sp. indet. *# Aname`hooded` - Gazettal in Progress 7150000 *# 7150000 7090000 Aname`LGS sp. 1` 7090000

Kwonkan `LGS sp. 5` #* 0 1.25 2.5 5 Kilometres 1:350,000 #* 350000 360000 #* #*#* 7075000 7075000 7000000 7000000

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 6925000 6925000 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Lake study area Nature Reserve Carnegie Potash Project JV Figure 5-7 Project No 1152 Road study area Protected areas (CAPAD) Desktop records of short Date 24-May-17 Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Tenements within study range endemic Map author KC Aus tr alia area 0 12.5 25 50 75 invertebrates PERTH Live tenement Kilometres

1:1,857,211 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Pending tenement All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no #* SRE records representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose.

P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_SREs.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA

Considerable subterranean fauna communities have been identified from calcretes in the Western Australian Yilgarn region, often associated with salt lakes (Cooper et al. 2008; Guzik et al. 2008). Many of these communities have been listed as Threatened or Priority Ecological Communities. Twelve of these occur in proximity to the study areas; two of these near the lake study area (Windidda and Glenayle/Carnegie Calcretes), all others within or near the road study area (Table 5-7; Figure 5-8). Table 5-7 Priority ecological communities (subterranean) in vicinity of study area

Community ID Community name Conservation Buffer Proximity to status (km) study area Windidda Windidda calcrete groundwater assemblage type Priority 1 2 <1 km S of lake Calcrete on Carnegie palaeodrainage on Windidda Station study area Glenayle/Carn Glenayle and Carnegie Downs calcrete Priority 1 2 30 km N of lake egie Calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Burnside study area palaeodrainage on Glenayle Station Barwidgee Barwidgee calcrete groundwater assemblage type Priority 1 2 44 km S of Calcrete on Carey palaeodrainage on Barwidgee Station Wongawol Road Hinkler Well Hinkler Well calcrete groundwater assemblage Priority 1 2 23 km S of Calcrete type on Carey palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Wongawol Road Jundee Jundee Homestead calcrete groundwater Priority 1 2 30 km N of Calcrete assemblage type on Carnegie palaeodrainage on Wongawol Road Jundee Station Jundee South Jundee South Hill calcrete groundwater Priority 1 2 36 km N of Hill Calcrete assemblage type on Carnegie palaeodrainage on Wongawol Road Jundee Station Lake Violet Lake Violet south and Lake Violet calcrete Priority 1 2 5 km S of Calcrete groundwater assemblage types on Carey Wongawol Road palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Lake Way Lake Way South calcrete groundwater assemblage Priority 1 2 33 km S of South Calcrete type on Carey palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Wongawol Road Lorna Glen Lorna Glen calcrete groundwater assemblage type Priority 1 2 43 km W of lake Calcrete on Carnegie palaeodrainage on Lorna Glen Station study area, 24 km N of Wongawol Road Millbillillie Millbillillie Bubble Well groundwater calcrete Priority 1 2 15 km W of Bubble Well assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Wiluna end of Calcrete Millbillillie Station Wongawol Road Uramurdah Uramurdah Lake calcrete groundwater assemblage Priority 1 2 Buffer intersects Calcrete type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Wongawol Road Station Wiluna BF Wiluna BF calcrete groundwater assemblage type Priority 1 2 Intersects Calcrete on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Wongawol Road

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 32 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

At total of 28 records of stygofauna were belonging to two species (one syncarid and one copepod) were identified in the desktop review (Table 5-8; Figure 5-8). Most of these were recorded in the subterranean calcrete PECs (Figure 5-8). Both species should be considered SREs as the records of the desktop review are the only ones for each species (Cho et al. 2006; Karanovic 2004). Forty-one records of troglofauna in a variety of slater families were identified in the desktop review (Table 5-8; Figure 5-8) based on a recent study on subterranean slaters (Oniscoidea) collected in the calcretes near Wongawol Road, specifically Bubble Well, Lake Violet and Hinkler Well (Javidkar et al. 2016). All of these were recorded in the western part of the desktop review area and largely in calcrete of the road study area (Figure 5-8). The analyses of surface geology of Carnegie Lake identified further calcrete bodies and Quaternary alluvial deposits that potentially harbour subterranean communities, both stygofauna and troglofauna. Calcretes include one near Wongawol Airstrip in the very west of the lake study area and two intersecting the south-eastern border of the lake study area (Figure 5-3). Deeper alluvial deposits potentially harbouring subterranean fauna include those near Wongawol Airstrip (draining into Lake Carnegie from the west), Kingston Pass (west of Windidda Calcrete), Miningarra Creek, and Skeleton Creek, Kalyaltcha Creek (all draining into the lake from the south), Windidda Creek (draining from the west into the southern part of the lake) and Brockman Creek (draining into the north of Lake Carnegie) (Figure 5-3). In summary, considerable subterranean fauna values, including PECs but also apparently unsurveyed groundwater occurrences in alluvial and calcrete deposits, have been identified in the periphery of the study area. Any impacts on local hydrology may have the potential to impact on those.

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 33 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Table 5-8 Subterranean fauna identified by the desktop review

WAM reg. Family Species Location Latitude (GDA94) Longitude (GDA94) Stygofauna (all WAM database search) C34417 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Carnegie Downs Stn, nr engine bore -25.6666 122.367 C34405 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34406 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34407 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34408 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34409 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34410 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34411 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34412 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34413 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34414 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34415 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34416 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34404 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34403 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34395 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34396 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34397 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34398 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34399 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 34 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

WAM reg. Family Species Location Latitude (GDA94) Longitude (GDA94) C34400 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34401 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C34402 Parabathynellidae Atopobathynella glenayleensis Glenayle Station, Gidgee Bore -25.3833 122.133 C28498 Diosaccidae Schizopera jundeei Lorna Glen Station, No. 10 Well -26.2266 121.555 C28497 Diosaccidae Schizopera jundeei Jundee Station, JE 149 South Bore -26.2833 120.677 C28496 Diosaccidae Schizopera jundeei Jundee Station, "Sacred" Well -26.3566 120.648 C28495 Diosaccidae Schizopera jundeei Jundee Station, "Sacred" Well -26.3566 120.648 C28494 Diosaccidae Schizopera jundeei Jundee Station, "Sacred" Well -26.3566 120.648 Troglofauna (from Javidkar et al. 2016) BES17210 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.5607 120.0409 BES14602 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES15065 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES15092 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES15095 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES15065 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES15095 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES16617 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES16653 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES16342 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Bubble Well -26.56067 120.04092 BES16619 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.78064 120.10745 BES15081 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.78064 120.10745 BES15090 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.78064 120.10745

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 35 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

WAM reg. Family Species Location Latitude (GDA94) Longitude (GDA94) BES17217 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.7726 120.1108 BES16627 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.76419 120.11429 BES17212 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Cunyu -25.7642 120.1143 BES14619 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70905 120.23217 BES16458 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70905 120.23217 BES15097 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70903 120.23463 BES16625 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70903 120.23463 BES16656 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70903 120.23463 BES16461 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70903 120.23463 BES16386 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70903 120.23463 BES16659 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70907 120.23568 BES15080 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70907 120.23568 BES16476 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.70923 120.26404 BES15104 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Hinkler Well -26.86436 120.28737 BES16639 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Hinkler Well -26.86436 120.28737 BES16641 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Hinkler Well -26.86436 120.28737 BES15085 Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. indet. Lake Violet -26.68761 120.29771 BES16633 unknown unknown sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.6876 120.30271 BES15089 Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.6876 120.30271 BES16614 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68757 120.30777 BES16631 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68757 120.30777 BES16655 Armadillidae Armadillidae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68757 120.30777

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 36 Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

WAM reg. Family Species Location Latitude (GDA94) Longitude (GDA94) BES15087 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68757 120.30777 BES15067 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68762 120.313 BES15088 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68762 120.313 BES15088 Philosciidae Philosciidae sp. indet. Uramurdah -26.68762 120.313 BES16622 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Barwidgee -27.13758 120.94638 BES15062 Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Barwidgee -27.13748 120.94945

Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 37 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000

Birriliburu Atopobathynella glenayleensis (22) Indigenous *# Protected Area

Atopobathynella glenayleensis (1) Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) Earaheedy NRS *# Addition - Gazettal Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) in Progress

7150000 !(!( Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) 7150000 Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (3)

Schizopera jundeei (1) #* #* Schizopera jundeei (1) #* Schizopera jundeei (3) Armadillidae sp. indet. (1)

7075000 Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) 7075000 Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (8) !((!

(!(! !((!!(!(!(

(! Armadillidae sp. indet. (3)

Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) 7000000 !( 7000000 Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1)

De La Poer Range Nature Reserve

220000 6925000 6925000

unknown sp. indet. (1) Philosciidae sp. indet. (1) Armadillidae sp. indet. (1) Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (3) Philosciidae sp. indet. (1) (! (! (! (! !( !( !( Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (2)

6850000 Philosciidae sp. indet. (1) 6850000 Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (2) Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) Armadillidae sp. indet. (3) Armadillidae sp. indet. (1) !((!!((! !( Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (1) Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. (2)

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 220000 220000 295000 370000 445000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Lake study area Troglofauna* Figure 5-8 Carnegie Potash Project JV Road study area (! Armadillidae sp. indet. Project No 1152 Tenements within study area !( Paraplatyarthridae sp. indet. Desktop records of Date 24-May-17 (! Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Live tenement Philosciidae sp. indet. subterranean fauna and Map author KC Aus tr alia Pending tenement !( unknown sp. indet. subterranean priority 0 10 20 40 60 DPaW TEC/PEC search results (All PERTH Stygofauna* ecological communities Kilometres P1) *# Atopobathynella glenayleensis 1:1,750,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Nature Reserve #* Schizopera jundeei All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no Protected areas (CAPAD) * labelled with species name, and number representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. of records at each unique location P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_SubterraneanFauna.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES

Lake Carnegie is a large shallow saline internal drainage basin positioned at 440 m ASL. It is listed under the national Directory of Important Wetlands (DIW) under two criteria (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995): 1. it is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia 2. it is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. Lake Carnegie is classified as an environmentally sensitive area (ESA), as declared by the Minister for Environment under section 51B of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act), due to its listing as a DIW (Figure 5-9). Surface inflow to Lake Carnegie occurs from numerous creeks including Kulele, Charles Wells, Wongawell and Banjo creeks to the western end, Miningarra and Fourteen Mile creeks from the south, Sholl, Anne and Brockman creeks from the north and Windidda Creek to the eastern end (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995). Inundation is episodic. Old water depth readings (25 September 1980) are to about 1 m deep. Water salinity is probably fresh initially, becoming saline as the lake-bed salt-crust dissolves. At the end of its hydrocycle, it is likely to be hypersaline and poikilohaline. A brief review of the lake against the environmentally significant water dependent ecosystems identified by the EPA (EPA 2016e) identified the following:  wetlands which are Ramsar listed – Lake Carnegie is not a RAMSAR wetland  Conservation Category – Lake Carnegie is not a conservation category wetland  Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia – the Lake Carnegie system is listed in the National Directory of Important Wetlands  wild and scenic rivers - the study area does not intersect any wild and scenic rivers  wetland types which may be poorly represented – Lake Carnegie is significant because it represents a good example of a large intermittent saline lake unusual in the bioregion  natural springs and pools, particularly in arid areas – none identified but requires further investigation  ecosystems which support conservation significant flora/vegetation and fauna species or communities, including migratory waterbirds, bats, and subterranean fauna – Lake Carnegie is listed as a major episodic breeding area for Black Swan Cygnus atratus and also a major habitat for other waterfowl (Department of the Environment and Energy 1995)  ecosystems which support significant amenity, recreation and cultural values – the whole of the Lake study area falls within the buffer of an Aboriginal Heritage Place and there are several other sites in the vicinity (Figure 5-9). The Bureau of Meteorology’s National Atlas of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) maps the whole of Lake Carnegie as a GDE with high potential for groundwater interaction (BoM 2017). This includes the GDE class ‘ecosystems that may rely on the surface expression of groundwater’ for the lake and the GDE class ‘ecosystems that may rely on the surface expression of groundwater’ for riparian vegetation around the lake. The GDE Atlas provides information to support the recognition and identification of GDEs in natural resource management, including environmental impact assessment (BoM 2017). The dataset

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd expresses the potential for groundwater interaction for rivers, springs, and wetland ecosystems across Australia. It shows the ecosystems that may rely on groundwater that has been discharged to the surface, for example, as baseflow or spring flow. Ecosystem polygons are represented as having high, moderate or low potential for groundwater interaction. The accuracy of the GDE mapping depends on the accuracy of input data; several hundred input datasets were used so the accuracy varies across Australia and the mapping has not been verified in the field. In relation to extractive values:  no Public Drinking Water Source Areas (PDWSAs) are located in the study area (see Figure 5-9 for closest PDWSAs to study area)  the study area does not overly any Department of Water groundwater subareas or intersect any fresh and high order surface water systems.

220000 370000 520000 7300000 7300000 TERMINAL LAKE QUADRIO LAKE LAKE LAKE SUNSHINE AERODROME WHITE LAKE BEYONDIE LAKES TEN MILE LAKE Birriliburu Indigenous Protected Area LAKE LAKE KERRYLYN LAKE BREMNER KEENE

LAKE BURNSIDE (ONEAHIBUNGA) PINYERINYA POOL

LAKE LAKE LAKE EDITH BUCHANAN GREGORY WITHNELL Earaheedy NRS Addition GOOD LAKE LAKE AUGUSTA POOL LAKE TEAGUE - Gazettal in Progress BUGGAN (BOOLAHNANYERIE) 7150000 7150000 CURRANULLANULLY LAKE NABBERU HARRY POOL JOHNSTON WATER LINKE LAKES

LAKE BEDFORD LAKE CARNEGIE

LAKE WARD

DINGLE CLAYPAN

LAKE LAKE JEFFRIES VIOLET

LAKE WAY LAKE DUCK WELLS SWAMP

7000000 LAKE 7000000 MAITLAND

Wanjarri De La Poer Nature Range Nature Reserve Reserve

LAKE MASON LAKE YANDAL LAGOON MIRANDA SALT LAGOON LAKE DARLOT TORONDO WATERHOLE

LAKE IRWIN

BLUE LAGOON CLAYPAN LITTLE NAMENDARRA LAKE LAKE NOONDIE 6850000 6850000 SCHMIDT POOLS Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, LAKE USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS RAESIDE User CommunityLAKE CAREY 220000 370000 520000 Kalium Lakes Ltd Lake study area Catchments Figure 5-9 Carnegie Potash Project JV Road study area Other lakes Project No 1152 Tenements within study area DPAW Managed Lands and Waters Surface water and Date 24-May-17 Wes ter n Drawn by KW ° Live tenement Nature Reserve Map author KC groundwater values Aus tr alia Pending tenement Unallocated Crown Land - Dept 0 12.5 25 50 75 A Directory of Important Wetlands Interest PERTH Kilometres Aboriginal heritage places Public Drinking Water Source

1:2,000,000 (at A4) GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 ESAs Areas (PDWSAs) All information within this map is current as of 24-May-17. This product is subject to COPYRIGHT and is property of Phoenix Protected areas (CAPAD) Not Assigned Environmental Sciences (Phoenix). While Phoenix has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, Phoenix make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. Subcatchments Priority 1 P:\GIS\Projects\LakeCarnegie\1152-CP-KAL-ADV\Mapping\MapDocuments\Figures\1152_EnvValues.mxd Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

5.7 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR – INLAND WATERS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

There is limited information available in relation to the hydrological values, including water quality, of Lake Carnegie (but see section 5.1.2). The lake represents an ephemeral system that only contains water after considerable rainfall. Opportunites for in-depth investigations are therefore rare. There is no information on the aquatic biota of the lake (i.e. no aquatic macroinvertebrates were returned by the WAM database searches), but with a likely temporal change in salinity during the hydrocycle (see section 5.6), concomitant temporal changes in the aquatic communities are likely. With an initial fresh phase, productivity of the lake is expected to be high, supported by its importance for waterbirds to breed. Due to the size of the lake and apparent diversity in its geomorphology (i.e. with a number of island and variable sumplands), Lake Carnegie is also likely to show spatial variability in its aquatic biota. Knowledge of groundwater values are similarly fragmentary and most investigations are comparatively old (e.g. Sanders & Harley 1971). However, it appears clear that the groundwater systems around salt lakes in arid Western Australian are characterised by high spatial and temporal variability. The calcrete groundwater estuaries display marked and complex physico-chemical gradients along, across and through the groundwater flow path (Humphreys et al. 2009). Consequently, Lake Carnegie is listed as groundwater dependent ecosystem with high potential for groundwater interaction (BoM 2017).

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

6 REFERENCES

Beard, J. S. 2002. Palaeogeography and drainage evolution in the Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 85: 17–29. BoM. 2017. Atlas of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meterology. Available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/water/groundwater/gde/map.shtml Bunting, J. A. 1980. 1:250,000 Geological Series–Explanatory Notes. Kingston, Western Australia, Sheet SG51-10. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, WA. Bunting, J. A. 1986. Geology of the eastern part of the Nabberu Basin Western Australia. Geological Survey of Australia Bulletin 131: 1–104. Bunting, J. A., van de Graff, W. J. E. & Jackson, M. J. 1973. Palaeodrainages and Cainozoic palaogeography of the Eastern Goldfields, Gibson Desert ad Great Victoria Desert. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report 1973: 45–50. Cho, J.-L., Humphreys, W. F. & Lee, S.-D. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae): with the description of six new species from Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 20: 9–41. Commander, D. P., Muhling, P. C. & Bunting, J. A. 1982. 1:250,000 Geological Series–Explanatory Notes. Stanley, Western Australia, Sheet SG51-6. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, WA. Cooper, S. J. B., Saint, K. M., Taiti, S., Austin, A. D. & Humphreys, W. F. 2008. Subterranean archipelago: mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of stygobitic isopods (Oniscidea: Haloniscus) from the Yilgarn region of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 195–203. Cowan, M. 2001a. Gascoyne 2 (GAS2—Carnegie subregion). In: May, J. E. & McKenzie, N. L. (eds) A biodiversity audit of Western Australia’s 53 biogeographical subregions in 2002. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, WA, pp. 233–239. Cowan, M. 2001b. Murchison 1 (MUR1—East Murchison subregion). In: May, J. E. & McKenzie, N. L. (eds) A biodiversity audit of Western Australia’s 53 biogeographical subregions in 2002. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, WA, pp. 466–479. Department of the Environment and Energy. 1995. Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia - Information sheet. Lake Carnegie System - WA032. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/wetlands/report.pl EPA. 2016a. Environmental Factor Guideline. Flora and vegetation. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline-Flora-Vegetation- 131216_4.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016b. Environmental Factor Guideline. Landforms. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline- Landforms-131216_3.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016c. Environmental Factor Guideline. Subterranean fauna. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline-Subterranean- Fauna-131216_3.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016d. Environmental Factor Guideline. Terrestrial fauna. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline-Terrestrial-Fauna- 131216_3.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016).

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

EPA. 2016e. Environmental Factor Guideline: Hydrological processes. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline-Hydrological- Processes-131216_3.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016f. Environmental Factor Guideline: Inland waters environmental quality. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Guideline-Inland-Waters- Environmental-Quality-131216_1.pdf (accessed 20 February 2016). EPA. 2016g. Statement of environmental principles, factors and objectives. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Statement%20of%20Environ mental%20Principles%2C%20factors%20and%20objectives_Dec16_1.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016h. Technical Guidance. Flora and vegetation surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/EPA%20Technical%20Guidanc e%20-%20Flora%20and%20Vegetation%20survey_Dec13.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). EPA. 2016i. Technical Guidance. Sampling methods for subterranean fauna. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, WA. Available at: http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Tech%20guidance- %20Sampling-Subt-fauna-Dec-2016.pdf (accessed 20 December 2016). Framenau, V. W. & Hudson, P. 2017. Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae). European Journal of Taxonomy: in press. Guzik, M. T., Abrams, K. M., Cooper, S. J. B., Humphreys, W. F., Cho, J. L. & Austin, A. D. 2008. Phylogeography of the ancient Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea) from the Yilgarn region of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 205–216. Harvey, M. S. 2002. Short-range endemism among the Australian fauna: some examples from non- marine environments. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 555–570. Humphreys, W. F., Watts, C. H. S., Cooper, S. J. B. & Leijs, R. 2009. Groundwater estuaries of salt lakes: buried pools of endemic biodiversity on the western plateau, Australia. Hydrobiologia 626: 79–95. Jackson, M. J. 1978. 1:250,000 Geological Series–Explanatory Notes. Robert, Western Australia, Sheet SG51-11. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, WA. Javidkar, M., Cooper, S. J. B., King, R. A., Humphreys, W. F., Bertozzi, T., Stevens, M. I. & Austin, A. D. 2016. Molecular systematics and biodiversity of oniscidean isopods in the groundwater calcretes of Central Western Australia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 104: 83–98. Jones, J. A., Piranjno, F., Hocking, R. M. & Grey, K. 2001. Revised stratigraphy for the Earaheedy Group: implications for the tectonic evolution and mineral potential of the Earaheedy Basin. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report 1999-2000: 57–64. Karanovic, T. 2004. Subterranean copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) from arid Western Australia. Crustaceana, Supplement 3: 1–366. Kern, A. M. & Commander, D. P. 1993. Cainozoic stratigraphy in the Roe Palaeodrainage of the Kalgoorlie region, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 34: 85–95. Langlands, P., Brennan, K. E. C., Framenau, V. W. & Main, B. Y. 2011. Predicting the post-fire responses of animal assemblages: testing a trait-based approach using spiders. Journal of Animal Ecology 80: 558–568.

Environmental desktop review and survey scoping for the Carnegie Project Prepared for Kalium Lakes Ltd

Langlands, P. R., Brennan, K. E. C. & Ward, B. 2012. Is the reassembly of an arid spider assemblage following fire deterministic? Austral Ecology 2012: 4. López-López, A., Hudson, P. & Galián, J. 2016. Islands in the desert: Species delimitation and evolutionary history of Pseudotetracha tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae: Megacephalini) from Australian salt lakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 101: 279–285. Pons, J., Barraclough, T. G., Gomez-Zurita, J., Cardosa, A., Duran, D. P., Hazell, S., Kamoun, S., Sumlin, W. D. & Vogler, A. P. 2006. Sequence-based species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects. Systematic Biology 55: 595–609. Pringle, H. J. R., Van Vreeswyk, A. M. E. & Giligan, S. A. 1994. An inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the North-eastern Goldfields, Western Australia. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Technical Bulletin 87. Sanders, C. C. & Harley, A. S. 1971. Hydrologcial reconnaissance of parts of Nabberu and East Murchison mining fields 1970. Geological Survey of Western Australia Records 1971/8: 1–13. Shepherd, D. P., Beeston, G. R. & Hopkins, A. J. M. 2002. Native vegetation in Western Australia. Extent, type and status. Department of Agriculture, South Perth, WA. Resource Management Technical Report 249.