Research Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARIZATION OF YOGAAMRUTO RASA Dr. Dubey Somil1, Gubrele Deepti2, Dr. G. Rama Mohan Rao3 1PG Scholar, 3Professor and H.O.D; Dept. of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajaya Kalpana, S.V. Ayurvedic College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India 2PhD Scholar, Department of Botany, Government Model Science College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Yogaamruto Rasa (YMR) is a Rasoushadhi mentioned in Rasa Kamdhenu indicated for all types of Kushta (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). Parada (Mercury), Gandhaka (Sulphur), Tamra churna (Copper), Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Trikatu (homogenous mixture of Zingiber Officinale), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), and Vidanga (Embelia ribes) are the main ingredients of YMR. Shodhana (purification), Mardana (grinding), Murchchana (to induce therapeutic properties in Parada), Pishti nir- mana (amalgam formation), aagni paaka (heating) are the important steps involved in prepa- ration of YMR. Pharamceutical processing involves the process of Shodhana (purification) of Parada, Tamra churna, Gandhaka, and Vatsanabha. Purified Parada and Tamra churna were subjected to Pishti nirmana (amalgam formation) by triturating it with Nimbu swarasa (lemon juice). Pishti obtained thus was subjected to agni paaka amidst two layers of Purified Gandhaka at mandagni (low flame) in Katu taila (mustard oil). Pishti obtained after paaka was made into fine powder and it was mixed with fine powders of other drugs in appropriate ratio as mentioned in drug reference. It was made into 250 mg. Tablets. Till date no stand- ards are available for the above drug. Therefore the present study has been planned to stand- ardize the method of preparation of an important Herbo-mineral formulation i.e. Yogaamruto Rasa. Keywords: Yogaamruto Rasa, Rasoushadhi, Kamdhenu, Kushta, Gandhaka, Vatsanabha, Musta etc..

INTRODUCTION The nature possesses immensely facturing processes of Ayurveda are in- valuable and powerful medicines in the cluded in discipline of Rasa Shastra and form of metals, minerals, and plants. How- Bhaishajya Kalpana. Heating, boiling, ever, most of the drugs as such are not ab- quenching, dipping, trituration, distillation, sorbable into the biological system, until washing, filtering etc. are the important and unless they undergo certain modifica- procedures involved in drug manufactur- tions. Some specialized techniques are ing. During Shodhana, Marana, Jarana, adopted to make these drugs absorbable Murchchana, Bhavana etc. the above men- and therapeutically viable. The drug manu- tioned procedures are adopted. All these How to cite this URL: Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa. International Ayurvedic medical Journal {online} 2016 {cited 2016 July} Available from: http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/2522_2529.pdf Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa procedures play a significant and vital role  Tamra dhatu Pishti kept amidst two in the pharmaceutical processing of drug layers of shuddha Gandhaka in an Iron materials. Mineral materials as such are vessel and after adding katu taila claimed to be toxic by Ayurvedic Rasa paaka procedure was done. texts. By adopting specialized pharmaceu-  STAGE IV tical procedures like Shodhana, Marana,  Removal of Katu taila Gandhaka layer Jarana, Murchchana etc. they are convert- after self-cooling and making fine ed into nontoxic, safe, and potent therapeu- churna of Tamra dhatu pishti obtained tic forms. The herbal drugs and animal after paaka. products used during these processes form  STAGE V a kind of Herbo-mineral complex. When  Preparation of Vacha churna processed with metals and minerals they  Preparation of Trikatu churna make them not only useful therapeutically  Preparation of Musta churna but also enhance the disease combating  Preparation of Vidanga churna properties in them.  STAGE VI Above formulation is combination  Mixing of fine churnas of herbal drugs of pharmaceutical process rarely adopted in Tamra dhatu pishti churna obtained by modern pharmacy. It involves Mur- after paaka as per the reference of drug chchana process that too by formation of and mixing thoroughly until homoge- Parada-Tamra Dhatu pishti (Mercury nous mixture is obtained. Copper amalgam) and subjecting it to  STAGE VII paaka. amidst two layers of Shuddha  Making 250 mg tablets of YMR Gandhaka by pouring katu taila over the Procedure: layers and subjecting it to paaka until the Parada samanya shodhana was carried out pishti paaka was obtained. The whole by triturating it with equal quantities of practical was done by arranging above ma- Sudha churna (Lime) for 3 days, and then terial in an Iron vessel. Reference for drug Parada was filtered through double folded is taken from Rasa Kamdhenu Kustha cotton cloth. Later Parada was triturated chikitsa.1 by adding equal quantity of Lasuna Kalka MATERIALS AND METHODS (garlic paste), and half the quantity of Total pharmaceutical study was carried Saindhava lavana (Rock salt). Finally con- out in seven stages: tents were washed with hot water to obtain  STAGE I Shodhita Parada2. Gandhaka shodhana  Shodhana of Parada was done by puta method, an earthen pot  Shodhana of Tamra churna was filled with Cow’s milk, and its open-  Shodhana of Gandhaka ing was tied with a double layered cloth,  Shodhana of Vatsanabha over this coarse powder of Gandhaka was  STAGE II spread and was sealed with an earthen lid.  Preparation of Nimbus swarasa. Over the lid eight cow cakes were ignited  Preparation of Tamra dhatu pishti with and melted Gandhaka in form of small Shuddha Parada and Shuddha Tamra pellets was collected in a pot having cow churna. milk later subjected to washing by hot wa-  STAGE III ter3. Purified gandhaka obtained was 192 gm. according to the need of the practical.

2523 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 08; August- 2016 Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa Tamra churna shodhana was done by opt- churna of pishti the remaining herbal drug ing dola yantra swedana method using churnas were added in appropriate amount Gomutra (cow’s urine) as media. Tamra as mentioned in reference of the drug. After churna was kept over a six layered cotton obtaining homogenous mixture it was sub- cloth which was made into pottali. It was jected to tablet making. Yogaamruto rasa dipped into Gomutra and heated over hot tablets of 250 m.g were obtained. plate for three hours. After completion of OBSERVATIONS: the process pottali was taken out of Gomu-  Parada appeared brighter after Sho- tra, opened and Tamra which was in form dhana. of bolus was kept in drier for drying. Later  Colour of Gandhaka became bright yel- dried Shuddha Tamra churna was collect- low after shodhana. 4 ed and kept in air tight container .  Colour of Shodhita Tamra churna got Vatsanabha shodhana was done keeping darker as compared to ashuddha Tamra Vatsanabha pieces in an earthen vessel churna. containing Gomutra exposed to bright sun  Parada and Tamra churna started to th light for 3 days. On 4 day it was washed mix with each other after one hour of with hot water, dried, and then subjected to rigorous mardana indicating the for- 5 churna nirmana . Pishti nirmana involved mation of pishti. Change in consistency the process of Murchchana which was car- of Parada was observed as the marda- ried out by doing rigorous mardana of shud- na progressed i.e. free flow of Parada dha Parada and shuddha Tamra churna started to decrease. After 3 hours of un- with Nimbu swarasa till the accepted proper- interrupted mardana by simultaneously ties of Pishti were obtained. Tamra dhatu adding Nimbu swarasa as required pishti obtained so made into a thin disc like Tamra dhatu pisthi was formed. structure of dimensions 7 cm, and thickness  During the paaka procedure Gandhaka .2 cm. It was arranged amidst two layers of and katu taila together got mixed and shuddha Gandhaka in an Iron vessel; Katu formed a black colour dome like struc- taila was poured over Shuddha Gandhaka ture over the pishti. layers and kept undisturbed until taila was  Pishti obtained after paaka was com- completely absorbed in Gandhaka. After pletely black in colour indicating its that it was subjected to agni paaka at low samyaka paaka. flame (alpa agni) until a dome like structure  All the ingredients were mixed in prop- over the pishti was formed and gradually er amount as mentioned in reference of which got completely dried. Lauha Patra drug to obtain homogenous mixture was taken out of the gas stove and kept for which was brown in colour. self-cooling, after self-cooling Katu taila  250 mg. Tablets of YMR were prepared Gandhaka layer formed like a dome over in TTD’s Sri Srinivasa pharmacy, and around the pishti was removed and pish- Tirupati and storeded in an air tight ti was lifted up carefully as a whole from the container. bed of Lauha patra and taken in khalwa RESULTS: yantra for grinding. After making fine Table no. 1: Showing the procedure of Tamra dhatu pishti nirmana Sr. No. Total amount of raw material tak- Weight of Tam- Weight of Tamra en ra dhatu pishti dhatu pishti after obtained agni paaka 2524 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 08; August- 2016 Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa 1. Shuddha Parada- 400 gm. 490 gm. 460 gm. Shuddha Tamra churna- 100 gm. Table no. 2: Showing the amount of ingredient required for Tamra dhatu pishti paaka Sr. No. Name of the drug Weight of drug taken 1. Shuddha Gandhaka 192 gm. 2. Katu taila 192 ml Table no. 3: Showing mixing of all ingredients to obtain homogenous mixture of YMR Sr. No. Name of the drug Amount taken 1. Tamra dhatu pishti obtained after agni paaka 400 gm. 2. Shuddha Vatsanabha churna 400 gm. 3. Vacha churna 400 gm. 3. Trikatu churna 400 gm. 4. Musta churna 1200 gm. 5. Vidanga churna 1200 gm. Total amount of Pishti obtained after agni churna, and Trikatu churna were added in paaka was 460 gm. out of it only 400 gm. same quantity as that of pishti taken i.e. was used for drug preparation remaining 400 gm each. Musta churna and Vidanga amount was kept for further use and sam- churna were taken 3 times to the amount ple showing purpose. As per the reference of pishti i.e. 1200 gm. each. of the drug Vatsanabha churna, Vacha Table no. 4: Showing the total amount of drug obtained Weight of total contents taken Weight of final drug obtained 4000 gm. 3950 gm.

Image no. 1- Shuddha Parada Image no. 2- Shuddha Gandhaka

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Image no. 3- Shuddha Tamra churna Image no. 4- Tamra dhatu pishti

Image no. 5- Tamra dhatu pishti paaka Image no. 6- Formation of Katu Taila Gandhaka in katu taila amidst two layers of dome over pishti. Shuddha Gandhaka.

Image no. 7- Pishti after agni paaka Image no. 8- Mixing of all ingredients

Image no. 7- YMR homogenous mixture Image no. 8- YMR tablets Obtained after mixing all ingredients 2526 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 08; August- 2016 Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa DISCUSSION: ture can effectively remove external impuri- The pharmaceutical procedure involved in ties of Tamra churna. Since Tamra churna this study is Shodhana, Mardana, Mur- was chosen for this process which will allow chchana, Pishti nirmana. agni paaka. maximum surface area of Tamra to come in Shodhana is done for Parada, Gandhaka, contact with Gomutra leading to maximum Tamra, Vatsanabha to remove visible and purification. invisible impurities, to reduce the toxicity Vatsanabha shodhana: Vatsanabha treated and to enhance the therapeutic property. by cow’s urine on TLC studies have shown Mardana was carried out to prepare Tamra that pseudoaconitine and aconitine were dhatu pishti by adding nimbu swarsa as converted into far less toxic substances required. Pishti nirmana involves the pro- veratroyl pseudoaconine and benzoylacon- cedure of murchchana. Agni paaka was ine respectively only in traditional Ayurve- carried out by for Tamra dhatu pishti in dic Shodhana8. The process of Shodhana katu taila amidst two layers of shuddha with cow’s milk reduced Cardiotoxic prop- Gandhaka. erties. Parada shodhana: Substances having Tamra dhatu pishti nirmana: Parada and Ushna, Teekshna, Kshara, Amla and La- Tamra churna mardana was done by add- vana property are considered as purifiers ing nimbu swarasa. Pishti obtained so was (Sarva malaharah Kshara6). Lime is an can be moulded into desired shape.9 alkaline substance; it may be helpful in Tamra dhatu pishti paaka in katu taila removing external and internal impurities amidst two layers of shuddha gandhaka: of Parada. Lasuna and Saindhava lavana Pishti obtained thus was made into thin have also Ushna, Teekshna and Vishada disc like structure of 7 cm diameter and .2 property which might be helpful in mini- cm in thickness. Tamra dhatu pishti was mizing the toxic qualities of Mercury. kept thin to ensure that proper reactions Hence, these might have been suggested takes place between all the ingredients pre- for Shodhana. Garlic has been proved as a sent inside the patra i.e. Parada- Tamra best antidote for heavy metal poisoning. Pishti, Sulphur and Katu taila. Hence, processed Parada is augmented 96 gm. of shuddha Gandhaka was with antidote itself. Hence, one-step ahead spread evenly in circular shape in the centre in safety Lasuna was selected as a drug for of the container, Tamra dhatu pishti was shodhana of Parada. placed carefully over it without disturbing it Gandhaka shodhana: Gandhaka is highly and remaining 96 gm. of Gandhaka was Pitta vardhaka.Milk is Vata Pitta shamaka spread so as it completely covers the pishti. dravya. Therefore, it can reduce ‘pitta ru- 192 ml. of Katu taila was poured carefully jakara’7 effect of Gandhaka. Milk is with the help of a pipette over Gandhaka. Af- Vishahara (anti-toxic) and Rasayana. It can ter 5 minutes Katu taila was completely ab- remove Visha doshas of Gandhaka and im- sorbed in Gandhaka. pregnate Rasayana property to Gandhaka. After the absorption of Katu taila in- Tamra shodhana: Tamra shodhana was to Gandhaka the lauha patra was kept over done by dola yantra swedana in gomutra. gas stove and gas was ignited at low flame Gomutra has mild basic pH (8 – 8.5) and (alpa aagni). After 5 minutes of heating Ka- corrosive nature. Similar description is given tu taila started boiling with small bubbles in ayurveda texts that it has lekhana proper- and made Gandhaka to melt. Sulphur fumes ty. A liquid with this nature at high tempera- were coming out with Katu taila Gandhaka 2527 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 08; August- 2016 Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa smell. Together Katu taila and Gandhaka  The reference for the present study was become froth like in consistency, gradually taken from Rasa Kamdhenu Kustha increasing in shape and size and took dome Chikitsa. like shape nearly measuring 16 cm in diame-  The pharmaceutical procedure involved ter and 5 cm in height at the centre of the in this study is Shodhana, Mardana, patra. Inside the dome the Tamra dhatu pish- Murchchana, Pishti nirmana. agni ti becomes harder and outer surface of the paaka. dome looked shiny with dark brown colour. REFERENCES: This dome like structure helped to 1. Suvivritti Hindi commentary by San- maintain essential temperature to carry out tosh Kumar Sharma, Rasa Kamdhenu necessary reactions between Mercury, of Chudamani Mishra, Reprint edition, Copper of Tamra dhatu pishti, Sulphur and Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Katu taila. Alpagni paaka was carried out Kustha Roga Chikitsa 41/54-58, 2010, until this dome like structure was com- pg. no. 136-137. pletely dried and fumes stopped coming 2. Kashinatha Shastri, Rasa Tarangani of out. At this stage heating was stopped and Sadananda Sharma, 11th edition, Mo- left for swanga sheethathva. Next day tilal Banarasi Das Publication, Delhi, when the dome like structure (when in Chapter 5/27-30, 2012, pg. no. 79. completely dried state without any soft- 3. Vidhyotini Hindi Commentary by In- ness) was removed hard pishti of black dradeva Tripathi, Rasendra Sara San- colour was seen beneath it. It was lifted up graha of Krishna Gopal Bhatta, Reprint carefully and no free mercury globules edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Va- were found indicating the paaka was at- ranasi, Chapter 1/ 125-126, 2010, pg. tained successfully. no. 33. Mixing of pishti churna and churnas of 4. Vijnanabodhini Hindi translation and herbal drugs: commentary by Prof. Dattatatreya Fine churna of Tamra dhatu pishti ob- Anant Kulkarni, Rasa Ratna Samuc- tained after agni paka and all herbal drug chhaya of Rasa Vagbhata, Reprint edi- churnas were mixed in the ratio as men- tion, Meharchand Lachhmandas Publi- tioned in reference sloka to obtain cations, New Delhi, Chapter 5/52, Yogaamrtuo rasa in powder form. 2010, pg. no. 101. Preparation of Yogaamruto rasa tab- 5. Kashinatha Shastri, Rasa Tarangani of lets: Sadananda Sharma, 11th edition, Mo- Yogaamruto rasa powder was subjected to tilal Banarasi Das Publication, Delhi, pill processing in pill making machine and Chapter 24/19-22, 2012, pg. no. 651- pills of 250 m.g were obtained by com- 652. pression method. 6. Bhagirathi Tippani, Rasarnava of CONCLUSION: Bhairvananda Yogi, Reprint edition,  Pharmaceutical Standardization is the Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, first step towards Standardization of Varanasi, Chapter 5/43, 1995, pg. no. any formulation. So it should be done 62. with utmost accuracy. This leads to re- 7. Vidhyotini Hindi Commentary by In- producibility of drug and production of dradeva Tripathi , Indradeva Tripathi, safe and efficacious drug. Rasendra Sara Sangraha of Krishna Gopal Bhatta, Reprint edition, Chau- 2528 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 08; August- 2016 Dr. Dubey Somil Et Al: Pharmaceutical Standarization Of Yogaamruto Rasa khambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Chapter khambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 1/ 124, 2010, pg. no. 32. Chapter 1/137, 2007, pg. no. 80-81. 8. An outbreak of sand impaction in postpartum dairy cows; Pedro Melen- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR dez et al, Can Vet J. 2007 Oct; 48(10): Dr. Dubey Somil 1067–1070. PG Scholar, Dept. of Rasa Shastra and 9. Arthavidhyotini Sanskrit Hindi Com- Bhaishjaya Kalpana, S.V. Ayurvedic Col- mentary by Gulraj Sharma Mishra, lege, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh,India Ayurveda Prakasha of Madhava Email: [email protected] Upadhyay, Reprint edition, Chau- Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None Declared

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