Egypt Panel Survey 2011-2016 Turkey Panel Survey 2013-2016 Tunisia Panel Survey 2013-2015

EGYPT PANEL SURVEY 2011-2016 TURKEY PANEL SURVEY 2013-2016 TUNISIA PANEL SURVEY 2013-2015

Principal Investigator Mansoor Moaddel, University of Maryland Email: [email protected]

Project Manager Julie de Jong, University of Michigan Email: [email protected]

April 2018

Table of Contents

Page Project Information 1 Codebook Organization 2 Administrative Variables 4 Panel Variables 9 Wave-specific Variables 83 Interviewer-level Variables 145

Project Information

Comparative historical studies of ideological production and cross-national values surveys have shown associations between changes in social conditions and changes in the dominant sociopolitical discourses and people’s value orientations in the contemporary Middle East and North Africa. It is, however, unclear how changes in these conditions explain changes in discourses and values. To better understand the dynamic of change and advance a mechanismic explanation of change in values and political engagement, this project has launched a panel study in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey. This panel study intends to explain (1) changes in sociopolitical and cultural values; (2) examine how variation in participation in such activities as peaceful demonstrations, political protests, and political violence is linked to changes in (a) inter-group relations, (b) identity and framing, (c) attitudes toward the West and liberal values, (d) religious fundamentalism, (e) dysphoric emotions and personal efficacy, and (f) sources of news information (the Internet, satellite TV, mobiles); (3) assess how people’s perceptions of corruption and trustworthiness of public officials are linked to political action and conflict; and (4) evaluate the implications of this study for peace and security.

Investigators: Mansoor Moaddel, PI, Kristine Ajrouch, Co-PI, Zeina Mneimneh, Project Manager, Julie de Jong, Research Associate., Project Manager.

Data Description:

In Egypt, of the nationally representative sample of 3,496 adult respondents interviewed in 2011, 2,430 respondents were contacted and re-interviewed between August and December 2016, a response rate of 70%. There were also 1,428 additional interviews to replenish the panel. Panel data consists of 2,430 respondents from each wave. Cross-sectional data consists of 3,496 completed interviews for 2011 and 3,858 completed interview for 2016.

In Tunisia, of the nationally representative sample of 3,070 adult respondents interviewed in 2013, 2,391 respondents were contacted and re-interviewed in 2015, a response rate of 78%.

In Turkey, of the nationally representative sample of 3,019 adult respondents interviewed in 2013, 1,683 were contacted and re-interviewed between February and July 2016, a response rate of 56%. There were also an additional 1,077 interviews to replenish the panel data. Panel data consists of 1,682 respondents from each wave. Cross-sectional data consists of 3,019 completed interviews for 2013 and 2,759 completed interviews for 2016.

The two waves of panel and cross-sectional data are cleaned and merged into a single data file, for which this codebook provides detailed information regarding the file structure.

Coverage: Egypt, Turkey, Tunisia.

Sponsors: Office of Naval Research, MITRE, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation, Jack Shank Research Award through the Sociology of Religion Section of the American Sociological Association, Max Planck Institute.

Codebook Organization

There are four types of variables in the cross-sectional survey dataset: administrative variables, panel variables that were repeated in both T1 and T2; wave-specific variables that were only included in one or two of the surveys; and interviewer-level variables for waves/countries as are available.

Variables are organized in the codebook as follows: 1. Administrative variables, indicating the wave of survey by _T1 and _T2 (e.g., governorate, PSU code, etc) 2. All panel variables, ordered consecutively according to variable name (i.e., V1_T1, V1_T2, V2_T1, etc….) 3. All wave-specific variables, ordered consecutively, with all T1 variables listed , followed by all T2 variables 4. Interviewer-level variables

All missing values share the same value labels, and these are not repeated throughout the codebook for the sake of efficiency: -1 Do not know -2 No answer -3 Not applicable -4 Not asked -5 Missing; Unknown

Administrative Variables (pages 4 - 8)

Administrative variables include those referring to identification of country, identification of type of respondent, result code data for panel respondents, interview time/date, sampling data, and weights.

Panel Variables (pages 9 - 82)

All variables that appear in both waves of the surveys in at least two of the three countries have variable names in the following format:

V1_T1 V1_T2

The designation _1 indicates that the data is from the first wave of the survey (Time 1), and _2 indicates data from the second wave (Time 2).

Response codes for _T1 and _T2 variables are identical unless specifically noted as otherwise.

Note that there are several exceptions; where there are a series of variables on the same topic, but specific items in the series occur only in one wave (e.g., several items on religious fundamentalism), these items are retained in the panel variable series to maintain continuity.

Wave-specific variables (pages 83 - 144)

Variables that appear in only one wave have variable names in the following format:

T1_V83_TN

Variable names beginning with T1_ indicate that the variable was asked only in the first wave (Time 1), and the number in the variable name reflects the number of that variable in the original dataset in T1. The appendage of _TN, in the above example, indicates that this variable appeared in the T1 data for Tunisia, as V83. 2

Therefore, t1_v106 refers to the original variable in the 2013 (T1) questionnaire in Tunisia, which asks respondents about “likelihood of signing a petition”, and this question was not repeated in 2015 (T2). It was also not asked in either wave in Turkey or Egypt.

Some variables were asked only one wave, but in more than one country, and appear in this format:

T1_V142_EG_V139_TK_V140_TN

This variable name indicates that the question was asked in T1, and appeared in the Egypt 2011 questionnaire as V142, in the Turkey 2013 questionnaire as V139, and in the Tunisia 2013 questionnaire as V140.

Interviewer-level variables (pages 145-146)

Limited interviewer-level demographic data was collected, and is included in this dataset.

ADMINISTRATIVE VARIABLES

Q_ID Questionnaire number Original numeric value unique to those respondents in each study country

CS_ID Unique cross-sectional ID

COUNTRY Country of survey 788. Tunisia 818. Egypt 949. Turkey

WAVE Indicates whether respondent in T1 or T2 1. Time 1 respondent 2. Time 2 respondent

SAMPLETYPE_T1_EG Defines respondent as having been sampled by CAPMAS as nationally representative or chosen in the Coptic snowball sample 1. CAPMAS sample 2. Coptic Christian snowball sample

VISIT1_T1_TK N/A Result Code for Visit 1 among those who were respondents in T1 1. Complete Interview 2. Incomplete Interview (survey questionnaire began but never completed) 3. Refusal 4. No Eligible Respondent in Household 5. No one ever answered the door; but house not vacant 6. Locked/Gated; and/or vacancy status otherwise unknown 12. Appointment made (interim code)

VISIT2_T1_TK N/A Result Code for Visit 2 among those who were respondents in T1 1. Complete Interview 2. Incomplete Interview (survey questionnaire began but never completed) 3. Refusal 4. No Eligible Respondent in Household 5. No one ever answered the door; but house not vacant 6. Locked/Gated; and/or vacancy status otherwise unknown 12. Appointment made (interim code)

VISIT3_T1_TK N/A Result Code for Visit 3 among those who were respondents in T1 1. Complete Interview 2. Incomplete Interview (survey questionnaire began but never completed) 3. Refusal 4. No Eligible Respondent in Household 5. No one ever answered the door; but house not vacant 6. Locked/Gated; and/or vacancy status otherwise unknown 12. Appointment made (interim code) 4

VISIT4_T1_TK N/A Result Code for Visit 4 among those who were respondents in T1 1. Complete Interview 2. Incomplete Interview (survey questionnaire began but never completed) 3. Refusal 4. No Eligible Respondent in Household 5. No one ever answered the door; but house not vacant 6. Locked/Gated; and/or vacancy status otherwise unknown 12. Appointment made (interim code)

PANEL Identifies respondents in Egypt and Turkey as original sample selected in T1 (2011/2013), or replenishment sample selected in T2 (2016)'. 1. Sample selected in T1 2. Sample

PANEL_R_PARTICIPATION Identifies whether T1 respondents participated in T2 survey 0. T1 respondent; did not participate in T2 1. T1 respondent; did participate in T2

RESULTCODE_T2 Final sample disposition code for panel respondents in T2 1001. Complete interview, face-to-face 1002. Complete interview, telephone 5001. Final Refusal, Respondent 5002. Final Refusal, Informant or Others 6002. Never Answered, Final Non-Contact 6003. Incomplete interview 6004. Permanent Condition with Respondent, interview not possible 6005. Respondent has moved (as reported by neighbors, etc.) and no further contact information available 6007. Other reason, specified in call record 6009. Locked/gated 6010. Respondent Incarcerated 6012. Respondent Deceased 7001. House vacant' 7003. Occupants currently reside elsewhere, i.e. 2nd residence 7004. Respondent is abroad 7005. Security problems 7006. Respondent cancelled interview 7007. No attempted contact due to insufficient contact info from T1 data 8000. Incorrect respondent identified in T2

N/A NonresponseDetails_T2_TN Details for nonresponse (Tunisia) String variable

DATE Date of interview (date of final result code if non-interview) Data in MM/DD/YYYY format

StartTime Start time of interview Data in HH:MM format 5

EndTime End time of interview Data in HH:MM format

Length Length of time (in minutes)

Governorate_EG Governorate (Egypt) 1. Cairo 2. Alexandria 3. Port-Said 4. Suez 5. Helwan 6. 6 October 11. Dameiate 12. Dakhalia 13. El-Sharqia 14. Qalioubia 15. Kafr El-Sehikha 16. El-Garbia 17. El-Menofia 18. Baharia 19. Ismalia 21. Giza 22. Beni-Suief 23. El-Fayoum 24. El-Menia 25. Asyuit 26. Sohag 27. Qena 28. Aswan 29. Luxor

Governorate_TK Governorate (Turkey) 1. Istanbul 2. Tekirdag 3. Balıkesir 4. Izmir 5. Denizli 6. Manisa 7. Bursa 8. Kocaeli 9. Ankara 10. Konya 11. Antalya 12. Adana 13. Hatay 14. Nevşehir 15. Kayseri 16. Zonguldak 17. Sinop 6

18. Samsun 19. Trabzon 20. Erzurum 21. Kars 22. Malatya 23. Van 24. Gaziantep 25. Diyarbakır 26. Mardin

Governorate_TN Governorate (Tunisia) 1. Tunis 2. Ariana 3. Ben Arous 4. Manouba 5. Nabeul 6. Zaghouane 7. Bizert 8. Beja 9. Jandouba 10. Kef 11. Sliana 12. Kairouan 13. Kasserine 14. Sidi Bouzid 15. Sousse 16. Monastir 17. Mahdia 18. Sfax 19. Gafsa 20. Tozeur 21. Kebili 22. Gabes 23. Mednine 24. Tataouine

UrbanRural_T1 N/A Designates PSU as urban or rural 1. Urban 5. Rural

Size_T1 N/A Size of town/city/village (Note that small area sizes were used in Tunisia) 1. Under 2,000 - 5,000 2. 2,000 - 5,000 3. 5,000 - 10,000 4. 10,000 - 20,000 5. 20,000 - 50,000 6. 50,000 - 100,000 7. 100,000 - 500,000 8. 500,000 and more

N/A HPSU_T2_EG PSU (Egypt) Identification number ranging from 1:1328, used for clustering

N/A HNUMBER_T2_EG Household Number (Egypt) Identification number ranging from 1: 33, used for clustering

CL_01_TK Internal cluster ID (Turkey) T1: Identification number ranging from 518:278668 T2: Identification number ranging from 518:670003

CL_02_TK Internal cluster number (Turkey) T1: Identification number ranging from 1:20 T2: Identification number ranging from 1:41

PSU2_T1_TK N/A Internal PSU code (Turkey) String variable

PSU_T1_TN N/A PSU (Tunisia) Identification number ranging from 1:353, used for clustering

Codesaisie_T1_TN N/A Internal sampling code (Tunisia) Identification number ranging from 1:2324

N/A Code_T2_TN Internal sampling code (Tunisia) Identification code ranging from E1:SS9

N/A Saisie_T2_TN Internal sampling code (Tunisia) Identification number ranging from 1:2395

HHChild_T1_TN N/A Number of children listed in hh roster Numeric value, ranging from 0:6

HHAdult_T1_TN N/A Number of adults listed in hh roster, excluding respondent him/herself Numeric value, ranging from 0:10

W_P_T1_TN N/A Nonresponse and household size weight calculated in 2013 (Tunisia)

W_HH_T1_TN N/A Used to calculate W_P_T1_TN (Tunisia)

P_HH_T1_TN N/A Used to calculate W_P_T1_TN / Number of people in the household (Tunisia) N/A W_P2_T2_TN Propensity weight for T2 (Tunisia) Developed after T2 data collection in 2015, using a propensity model based on gender, age, education, social class, urban/rural area, marital status, and governorate to create non-response adjustment, incorporating W_P.

CROSS-SECTIONAL VARIABLES

V1 Taking all things together, would you say you are very happy, happy, not very happy, or not at all happy? 1. Very happy 2. Happy 3. Not very happy 4. Not at all happy

V2 All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? 1. Completely dissatisfied … … … 10. Completely satisfied

V3 I’d like to ask you about your religion. Do you consider yourself: 101. Muslim-Sunni 102. Muslim-Shia 103. Muslim-Alevi 104. Jewish 105. Christian 110. Volunteered: Muslim-not specified (option volunteered in Tunisia and Turkey) 112. Volunteered: Muslim Arab 113. Volunteered: Tunisian Muslim 114. Volunteered: Maliki 115. Volunteered: Atheist 116. Volunteered: Gypsy 117. Volunteered: Hanafi 118. Volunteered: Normal 119. Volunteered: Shafi 120. Volunteered: Zaza 121. Volunteered: Agnostic 122. Volunteered: Arrab Allavia 123. Volunteered: Caferi 124. Volunteered: Deist 125. Volunteered: I am a Kurd 126. Volunteered: I am human 127. Volunteered: I am Turk 128. Volunteered: Muslim-Nusayri 196. None

V4 Next I will ask your opinions about marriage and family life. In your view, which of the following is the more important basis for marriage: Parental approval, or love? 1. Parental approval 2. Love 8. DK 9. NR 9

V5 Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Marriage is an out-dated institution 1. Agree 2. Disagree 8. DK 9. NR

V6 Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? (Please choose up to five). Independence? 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V7 Hard work 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V8 Feeling of responsibility 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V9 Imagination 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V10 Tolerance and respect 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V11 Thrift 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V12 Determination 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V13 Religious faith 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V14 Unselfishness 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V15 Obedience 1. Selected 2. Not selected

V16 It is acceptable for a man to have more than one wife. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V17 A wife must always obey her husband. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V18 Men make better political leaders than women do. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V19 A university education is more important for a boy than for a girl. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V20 It is up to a woman to dress whichever way she wants. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V21 When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V22 Which one of these women is dressed most appropriately for public places?

V23 [COUNTRY] will be a better society if religion and politics are separated. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V24 [COUNTRY] will be a better society if its government was similar to Western governments. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V25 [COUNTRY] will be a better society if it had the technology of the West. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V26 Importance of problem for [COUNTRY]: Aggression from a neighboring country? 1. Very large problem 2. 3. 4. 5. Not a large problem at all

V27 Importance of problem for [COUNTRY]: Cultural invasion by the West? 1. Very large problem 2. 3. 4. 5. Not a large problem at all

V28 Way of governing [COUNTRY]: Having a democratic political system 1. Very good 2. Fairly good 3. Fairly bad 4. Very bad

V29 Way of governing [COUNTRY]: Having an Islamic government (a government inspired by Christian values [FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS]/a government inspired by Jewish values [FOR JEWISH RESPONDENTS]) where religious authorities have absolute power. 1. Very good 2. Fairly good 3. Fairly bad 4. Very bad

V30 Way of governing [COUNTRY]: Having a strong head of government who does not have to bother with parliament and elections. 1. Very good 2. Fairly good 3. Fairly bad 4. Very bad

V31 Way of governing [COUNTRY]: Having the army rule. 1. Very good 2. Fairly good 3. Fairly bad 4. Very bad

V32 Way of governing [COUNTRY]: Having non-governmental experts to make decisions". 1. Very good 2. Fairly good 3. Fairly bad 4. Very bad

V33 People have different views about the ideal way of governing this country. [Tunisia T1: Here is a scale for rating how well the government that was just dissolved in Feb 2013 was doing]: [Tunisia T2; Egypt T1/T2, Turkey T1/T2: Here is a scale for rating how well the government is doing]: 1 means very bad; 10 means very good. What point on this scale would you choose to describe how well the government is doing? 1. Very bad … … … 10. Very good

V34 And how democratically is [COUNTRY] being governed today? Again using a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means that it is “not at all democratic” and 10 means that it is “completely democratic,” what position would you choose? 1. Not at all democratic … … … 10. Completely democratic

V35 How proud are you to be [COUNTRY NATIONALITY]? Would you say very proud, quite proud, not very proud, or not at all proud? 1. Very proud 2. Quite proud 3. Not very proud 4. Not at all proud 8. DK 9. NR

V36 Which of the following best describes you? 1. Above all, I am Egyptian/Tunisian/citizen of the Republic of Turkey 2. Above all, I am Muslim/Christian/Other religion 3. Above all, I am an Arab 4. Above all, I am a Kurd 5. Above all, I am a Turk 6. Above all, I am an Allawi 7. Above all, I am a Berber 11. Volunteered: Above all, I am Arab Muslim 12. Volunteered: Above all, I am Tunisian Muslim 13. Volunteered: Above all, I am a human 14. Volunteered: Above all, I am a human of principles 15. Volunteered: Above all, I am a woman 16. Volunteered: Above all, I am Tunisian Arabic 17. Volunteered: Above all, I am Muslim Arabic 18. Volunteered: Above all, I am Tunisian, Muslim, Arabic 19. Volunteered: Above all, I am a citizen 20. Volunteered: Above all, I am a believer 21. Volunteered: Above all, I am an Arabic Egyptian Muslim 22. Volunteered: Above all, I am Allawi Kurd 23. Volunteered: Above all, I am Allawi Turk 24. Volunteered: Above all, I am an Atatürkist 25. Volunteered: Above all, I am Circassian 26. Volunteered: Above all, I am a world citizen 27. Volunteered: Above all, I am Hýç Býrý 28. Volunteered: Above all, I am Kurd and Muslim 29. Volunteered: Above all, I am Turk and Muslim 30. Volunteered: Above all, I am an Armenian 31. Volunteered: Above all, I am a citizen of the Republic of Turkey and Mu 32. Volunteered: Above all, I am a liberal Democrat 96. Other: Not specified

V37 Religious leaders should not interfere in politics. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V38 It would be better for [COUNTRY] if more people with strong religious beliefs held public office. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree 8. DK 9. NR

V39 There are conspiracies against Muslims. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree 8. DK 9. NR

V40 Democracy may have problems but it's better than any other form of government 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V41 A good government should make laws according to the people’s wishes. 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Least important 5. Not important

V42 It should implement only the laws of the shari’a 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Least important 5. Not important

V43 Any infraction of religious instruction will bring about Allah’s severe punishment. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V44 Only Islam [Christianity (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] provides comprehensive truth about Allah. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V45 Non-Muslims [Non-Christians (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] should be prohibited from practicing their religion in [COUNTRY]. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V46 Only the fear of Allah keeps people on the right path. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V47 Apart The Quran [Bible (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] is true from beginning to end. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V48 Only Islam [Christianity (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] gives a complete and unfailing guide to human salvation. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V49 Allah requires his slaves to repent (tobbah). 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V50 Only Muslims [Christians (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)) will go to heaven. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V51 Our children should not be allowed to learn about other religions. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V52 The followers of other religions should not have the same rights as mine. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V53 Satan is behind any attempt to undermine belief in Allah. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V54 Criticism of Islam [Christianity (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] should not be tolerated. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V55 People stay on the right path only because they expect to be rewarded in heaven. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V56 In the presence of the Quran [the Bible (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)], there is no need for man-made laws. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V57 Criticism of Muslim [Christian (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] religious leaders should not be tolerated. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V58 The Quran [the Bible (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] has correctly predicted all the major events that have occurred in human history. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V59 Islam [Christianity (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] is the only true religion. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V60 Whenever there is a conflict between religion and science, religion is always right. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V61 Shia in Tunisia should have the same rights to practice their religion as Sunnis 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V62 Those who practice religions other than mine should be punished [2015: v90] 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V63 The followers of all religions should have equal rights to practice their religion in [COUNTRY] 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V64 Non-Muslims [Non-Christians (for Christian respondents)] should be free to build their places of worship in [COUNTRY] 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V65 Allah is the source of everything good 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V66 All religions are equally acceptable to Allah 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V67 Different interpretations of the Quran [the Bible (for Christian respondents)] are equally valid 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V68 Which of the follow statements is closer to your view of religious laws: 1. It is OK to change the religious laws according to changes in social conditions. 5. The religious laws practiced during the time of the Prophet must still be practiced in our society today.

V69 [TUNISIA]: Apart from such religious holidays as feasts of Eid, about how often do you go to a mosque or mussalla [church (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)] these days? [EGYPT/TURKEY]: Apart from funerals, about how often do you go to a mosque [church (for Christian respondents)] these days? 1. More than once a week 2. Once a week 3. Once a month 4. Only on religious days 5. Once a year 6. Rarely 7. I do not go to mosque [church (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)]

V70 How often do you perform salat? [TUNISIA: NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT SAYS ALL FIVE PRAYERS AT THE SAME TIME, CODE “FIVE TIMES A DAY”] 1. Five times a day 2. Two to four times a day 3. One to four times a day 4. Once a day 5. Once or twice a week 6. Once or twice a month 7. Two to three times a year 8. Once a year 9. Never

V71 To what extent do you consider yourself a religious person? 1. Not at all religious … … … 10. Very religious 98. DK 99. NR

V72 Do you believe in God? 1. Yes 2. No

V73 Do you believe in life after death? 1. Yes 2. No

V74 Do you believe people have a soul? 1. Yes 2. No

V75 Do you believe in hell? 1. Yes 2. No

V76 Do you believe in heaven? 1. Yes 2. No

V77 How important is the presence of God in your life? 1. Not at all important … … … 10. Very important 98. DK 99. NR

V78 Frequency of activity since… (Dates used for V78 thru V83] [Egypt T2: Since Summer 2011] [Turkey T1: Since December 2010] [Turkey T2: Since Spring 2013] [Tunisia T1: Since December 2010] [Tunisia T2: Since June 2013]

Sign a petition? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V79 Attend a non-violent protest, march, or sit-in? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V80 Attend a demonstration to support a political figure or party? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V81 Participate in a political activity in which there was the possibility of being arrested? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V82 Participate in a political activity in which you feared for your personal safety? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V83 Participate in a violent political activity that might lead to property damage or injury of others? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Not at all

V84 How effective do you think the following types of political action are? Please use a scale from 1 to 4, where 1 means that the political activity is not at all effective in fulfilling its goal, and 4 means the political activity is extremely effective in fulfilling its goal. Signing a petition 1. Not at all effective 2. Somewhat effective 3. Effective 4. Extremely effective

V85 Attend a non-violent protest, march, or sit-in 1. Not at all effective 2. Somewhat effective 3. Effective 4. Extremely effective

V86 Attend a demonstration to support a political figure or party 1. Not at all effective 2. Somewhat effective 3. Effective 4. Extremely effective

V87 Engage in a violent political activity that might lead to property damage or injury of others 1. Not at all effective 2. Somewhat effective 3. Effective 4. Extremely effective

V88 If you had to choose, which one of the things on this card would you say is the most important obligation for [Egyptians/Tunisians] 1. Try hard to excel in science and technology 2. Travel to occupied Muslim countries to fight the enemies of Islam 3. Defend people’s freedom of speech 4. To apply Islamic shari’a in [COUNTRY]

V89 Which would be the next important obligation? 1. Try hard to excel in science and technology 2. Travel to occupied Muslim countries to fight the enemies of Islam 3. Defend people’s freedom of speech 4. To apply Islamic shari’a in [COUNTRY]

V90 Egypt T2: Who did you vote for in the 2012 elections? Turkey T2: Who did you vote for in the election for president in August 2014? Tunisia T1: Who did you vote for in the October 2011 election? Tunisia T2: Who did you vote for in the first elections in November 2014?

101. Mohamed Morsi 102. Ahmed Shafik

201. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 202. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu 203. Selaehattin Demirtaş

301. Abed fateh mourou 302. Afek tunis 303. El aridha chaabia 304. Al Badil 305. Al Koteb 306. Al Majed 307. Al Nejma Bouzidi 308. Aymen Mnif 309. AL Choumoukh 310. CPR 311. Dostourouna 312. Ettakatol 313. Fathi Ayouni 314. Hamma Hamemi 315. Iradet Chaab 316. Kamel Morjen 317. Les démocrates 318. Liste indépendantes 319. May Jribi 320. Moncef Marzouki 321. Mostakbel 322. Mostafa Ben Jaafer 323. Moubedra 324. Mouvement chaab 325. Mouvement National 326. Movement wafa 327. Nahdha 328. Naser Aouni 329. Najib Chebbi 330. Noomen Fehri 331. Nouveau Parti omstitutionel 332. Amor Shabou 333. Parti Borguibi 334. Parti Communiste 335. Parti Islamique 336. Parti Mahjoub 337. Parti Taliaa 338. Parti watad 339. Parti Nour 22

340. PDP 341. Rached Ghanouchi 342. Trik Salama 343. Sahafa 344. Slehddine Zahaf 345. Slim Riahi 346. Union National libre 347. Al wihda Chaabia

401 Béji Caied Sebsi 402 Kalthoum Kanou 403 Mohamed Frikha 404 Mondher Znaydi 405 Moncef Marzouki 406 Slim Riahi 407 Hechmi Hamdi 408 Hamma Hammami 409 Kamal Morjane 410 Mostfa ben Jaafer 411 Ahmed Nejib Chebbi 412 Safi Said

996 Abstention vote 997. I did not participate in the elections

V91 Tunisia T1: If elections were held tomorrow, who would you vote for? Tunisia T2: Who did you vote for in the second election in November 2014? 301. AfekTunis 302. AL aridha Chaabia 303. AL Jebha Chaabia 304. Al Majed 305. AL Nejma Bouzidi 306. Alliance démocratique 307. Ansar Chariaa 308. Beji Kaied Sebsi 309. CPR 310. Ettakatol 311. Hachmi Hamdi 312. Hamadi Jbeli 313. Hama Hamemi 314. Hezb Tahrir 315. Iradt Chaab 316. Kamel Morjen 317. Liste indépendante 318. Masar dymocratique 319. May jribi 320. Moncef Marzouki 321. Moubadra 322. Mouvement wafa 323. Nahdha 23

324. Najib chebii 325. Nida Tounes 326. Parti Travailleur comiste 327. parti islamique 328. Jomhouri 329. Parti tahrir 330. PDP 331. Slim Riahi 332. Taher Hmila 333. Union pour la Tunisie

996. Abstention vote 997. T1: I would not participate in the elections/T2: I did not participate in the elections

V92 Tunisia T1: On the whole, how would you rate the fairness of the last election? [2013: v104, 2015: v111] Tunisia T2: On the whole, how would you rate the fairness of the last election? [2013: v104, 2015: v111] Egypt T2: On the whole, how would you rate the fairness of the elections in 2012? Turkey T2: On the whole, how would you rate the fairness of the elections in 2014? 1. Completely fair 2. Fair, but with minor problems 3. Fair, with major problems 4. Not fair

V93 Egypt T2: Who did you vote for in the 2014 election? Turkey T2: Who did you vote for in the Turkish General Election in November 2015? Tunisia T2: Who did you vote for in the Parliamentary election in October 2014

101. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 102. Hamdeen Sabahi

201. AK Parti/AKP 202. CHP 203. MHP 204. HDP 205. BBP 206. BTP 207. DSP 208. FAZİLET 209. ÖDP 210. SAADET 211. VATAN

301. Nida Tunis 302. Ettakatol 303. Independant list 304. Jomhouri 305. Tayar Mahaba 306. Democratic current 24

307. Democratic Alliance 308. Initiative Party 309. Others 310. Ennahdha 311. CPR 312. 3ahed 313. Jebha Chaabia 314. UPL 315. Democratic Movement 316. Afek Tunis 317. Wafa Movement 318. Movement of people

996. Abstention vote 997. I did not participate in the elections

V94 On the whole, how would you rate the fairness of the [Egypt: 2014 election/Turkey: November 2015 General Election]? 1. Completely fair 2. Fair, but with minor problems 3. Fair, with major problems 4. Not fair

V95 Taking into account your own experience or what you have heard, corruption currently among government officials in [COUNTRY is very common, common, uncommon, or very uncommon? 1. Very common 2. Common 3. Uncommon 4. Very uncommon

V96 EG: We would like you now to compare the present conditions in Egypt with those before the June 30 Revolution (in 2013). TK: We would like you now to compare the present conditions in Turkey with those around 2013, the last time we talked. TN: We would like you now to compare the present conditions in Tunisia with those during the regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

In each of the following areas, would you say that today things occur much more than before, somewhat more than before, about the same, somewhat less than before, or much less than before?

People’s freedom to join any organization they want 1. Much more than before 2. Somewhat more than before 3. Much the same 4. Somewhat less than before 5. Much less than before

V97 People’s freedom to publically express opinions 1. Much more than before 2. Somewhat more than before 3. Much the same 4. Somewhat less than before 5. Much less than before

V98 Corruption in politics and government. 1. Much more than before 2. Somewhat more than before 3. Much the same 4. Somewhat less than before 5. Much less than before

V99 Unlawful arrest by the government. 1. Much more than before 2. Somewhat more than before 3. Much the same 4. Somewhat less than before 5. Much less than before

V100 The difference between the rich and the poor 1. Much more than before 2. Somewhat more than before 3. Much the same 4. Somewhat less than before 5. Much less than before

V101 How many hours do you usually spend watching television on an average per day? (Egypt/Turkey) 0. I do not watch TV 1. Less than 1 hour per day 2. 1 – 2 hours per day 3. 2 – 3 hours per day 4. More than 3 hours per day

V101_TN How many hours do you usually spend watching television on an average per day? (Tunisia) ______NUMBER OF HOURS

V102 How much do you rely on [Egyptian/Turkish/Tunisian] television channels as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all 8. DK 9. NR

V103 Which [Egyptian/Turkish/Tunisian] channel is the most reliable source of information for you? 101 ESC 102 Channel One 103 Nile News 104 Movie Channels 105 Channel Seven 106 Channel Two 107 El-Hiah 108 Dream 1 110 El-Mehwar 111 Nile TV 112 ÇEl-Hiah El-Hamra 113 Al-Gazira 114 El-Arabia 116 Nile Sport 117 ON T.V 118 Dream 2 119 O T.V 120 El-Rahma 121 Fatafeet 122 Modern Sport 123 El-Nas 124 El-Majd 125 C T.V 126 El-Mahrosa 127 Al-Ahly 128 ÇNile Life 129 Channel Three 130 Rotana 131 El-Masrawia 132 Melody 133 M B C 4 134 El-Tahrir 135 El-Fraeen 136 Modern 138 El-Hora 139 Libia 140 Modern Hura 201. ESC 202. Channel One 203. Nile News 206. Channel Two 207. El-Hiah 210. El-Mehwar 211. Nile TV 212. El-Hiah El-Hamra 216. Nile Sport 217. On TV 218. Dream2 228. Nile Life 27

234. El-Tahrir 235. Al-Jazeera 236. Al Kahera Wel Nas 237. Al Nahar 238. CBC 239. MBC Masr 240. Sada El Balad 241. Songs

301. AKS 302. ALL OF THEM 303. ATV 304. BENGÜTÜRK 305. BERAT 306. BEYAZ 307. BUGÜN 308. ÇAÐRI 309. CEM 310. CNN 311. CNN TÜRK 312. DENGE 313. DOST 314. DÝJLE 315. DÝZÝ KANALLARI 316. EKÝN 317. F6 318. FF 319. FLASH 320. FOX 321. GEBZE 322. HABER KANALLARI 323. HABERTÜRK 324. HALK 325. HAYAT 326. HTV 327. HÝLAL 328. IMC 329. KANAL 24 330. KANAL 5 331. KANAL 7 332. KANAL 8 333. KANAL A 334. KANAL B 335. KANAL D 336. KANALTÜRK 337. KARADENÝZ 338. KON 339. LÝG TV 340. MAVÝ KARADENÝZ 341. MEDYA 342. MELTEM 28

343. MESAJ 344. MMC 345. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 346. NTV 347. NTV SPOR 348. NUÇE 349. PLANET ÇOCUK 350. PLANET SÝNEMA 351. PLANET TÜRK 352. REHBER 353. SAMANYOLU 354. SEMERKANT 355. SHOW 356. SKY TÜRK 357. SOSYAL MEDYA 358. SPOR 359. STAR 360. STV 361. TGRT 362. TOPRAK 363. TRT 364. TRT 1 365. TRT 2 366. TRT 3 367. TRT 4 368. TRT 6 369. TRT ÇOCUK 370. TV 5 371. TV 8 372. TV NET 373. ÜLKE 374. ULUSAL 375. UZAY 376. VATAN 377. VOGUE 402. ATV 403. BENGÜTÜRK 404. BERAT 405. BEYAZ 409. CNN 410. CNN TÜRK 411. DENGE 412. DOST 418. FLASH 419. FOX 422. HABERTÜRK 423. HALK 429. KANAL 5 430. KANAL 7 431. KANAL 8 432. KANAL A 29

434. KANAL D 435. KANALTÜRK 441. MELTEM 443. MMC 445. NTV 446. NTV SPOR 451. REHBER 454. SHOW 458. STAR 460. TGRT 462. TRT 463. TRT 1 464. TRT 2 466. TRT 4 468. TRT ÇOCUK 469. TV 5 470. TV 8 472. ÜLKE 473. ULUSAL 478. A HABER

501. Nationale 1 502. Nationale 2 503. Hannibal TV 504. Al Hiwar attounsi 505. Al insen 506. Al janoubia 507. Al Moutawset 508. Attounsia/Elhiwar Ettounsi 509. Al Kalam 510. Nesma 511. TNN 512. Zaitouna 513. Tounesna

995. Other 996. None

V104 How much do you rely on satellite (foreign) television channels as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V105 Which satellite (foreign) television channel is the most reliable source of information for you?

101. ON T.V 102. Al-Gazira 103. BBC 104. El-Hiah El-Hamra 105. El-Mehwar 106. El-Tahrir 107. MBC2 108. El-Tareka 109. Al-Arabia 110. C T.V 111. ElFraeen 112. ÇEl-Hiah El-Zarkaa 113. Euro News 114. ÞäÇÉ M T H 115. Rotana 116. El-Majd 117. El-Rahma 118. Nile News 119. Orbit 120. Nile Drama 121. ESC 122. El-Nas 123. Melody Aflam 124. Nile Sport 125. Dream 126. El-Hakika 127. C N N 128. O T.V 129. Abu Dhabi Drama 130. Iqraa 131. Action 132. Hala 133. El-Qahira El-Youm 134. Dubi 135. Panorama 136. Modern 137. El-Manar 138. Moga Comedy 139. ERU T.V 140. National Geographic Abu Dhabi 141. C T Z 142. Al-Ahly 143. El-Mostkla 144. El-Hura 145. L B C 146. ZEE Aflam 147. El-Mahba 148. El-Ray 31

149. C.B.C 150. El Karma 151. El-Hurria 152. Top Movies

202. Al-Gazira 203. BBC 209. Al-Arabia 227. CNN 234. Dubai 240. National Geographic Abu Dhabi 243. El-Mostkla 244. El-Hura 245. LBC 250. Al Nahar 251. BN Sports 252. Cbc 253. Dream 2, Sada El Balad 254. El Hayat 255. El Hayat 2 (Blue) 256. El Hayat TV 257. El Shark 258. MBC 2

301. A 302. ADVENTURE 303. AL JAZEERA 304. ANADOLU 305. ARAP TVLERÝ 306. ATV AVRUPA 307. AVRUPA KANALLARI 308. AZ 309. BBC 310. BBC WORLD 311. BELGESEL KANALLARI 312. BERAT 313. BLOOMBERG 314. CINE 5 315. CINEMAX 316. CNBC-E 317. CNN 318. CNN TÜRK 319. D SMART 320. DENGE 321. DISCOVERY 322. DÝSNEY 323. E2 324. EURO SPORT 325. EURONEWS 326. FASHION 327. FX 32

328. HABERTÜRK 329. HALK 330. KANAL D 331. KANALTÜRK 332. MMC 333. MTV 334. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 335. NEVROZ 336. NTV 337. NTV SPOR 338. NUÇE 339. NUMBER ONE 340. ROJ TV 341. RTL 342. RW 343. SPOR 344. STERK TV 345. TNT 346. TRT 347. TRT 6 348. TV 8 349. ÜLKE TV 350. ÝMC 351. ZDF 352. ZTV 405. ARAP TVLER? 409. BBC 416. CNBC-E 417. CNN 418. CNN TÜRK 421. DISCOVERY 424. EURO SPORT 425. EURONEWS 428. HABERTÜRK 434. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 436. NTV 437. NTV SPOR 444. STERK TV 440. ?MC 451. ZDF 452. ZTV

501. Abou dhabi 502. Al Alem 503. Al Arabia 504. Al Horia 505. AL Jazera 506. Al jazera doc 507. Al Majed 508. Al Manar 509. Al Masriya 33

510. Al Mayadine 511. Annes 512. Arahma 513. ART 514. BBC 515. Canel+ 516. Canel 5 517. CNN 518. Dubai 519. Al Mehwar 520. Euronews 521. Fateh 522. France 24 524. Al ikhbaria Lybia 525. Iqraa 526. Iraquia 527. M6 528. MBC 1 529. MBC2 530. MBC 4 531. MTV 532. National Géo 533. Nile Tv 534. Russia Lyom 535. Syria TV 536. TF1 537. TV5 538. Zee aflem 601. Al Masreya 602. Aljazeera 603. BBC 604. MBC 605. CNN 606. France 3 607. Russia Lyoum 608. M6 609. National Geographie 610. Al jadid 611. RTL 612. Rai 613. France 24 614. Rai Uno 615. Al iraquia 616. Al Alam 617. Almostakella 618. ZDF 619. ART 620. Al Manar 621. Maraa Arabia 622. BNC 623. Manaber 34

624. Alarabia 625. Hadath 626. Syrie 627. CBC extra 628. Hiawr 629. Iqraa 630. Al Bouhaira 631. Arisala 632. Deutch Well 633. Salam 634. Bein Sport 635. TV5 Monde 636. Dream 2 637. France 2 638. ARTE 639. Canal + 640. Nour Dubai 641. Hiwar Bretagne 642. Manara 643. Saoudia 644. BFM TV 645. Abu Dhabi 646. Almayadine 647. Euronews 648. TF1

V106 How much do you rely on radio as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V107 Which radio channel is the most reliable source of information for you? 101. El-Quran 102. El-Pernamj El-Am 103. El-Sharq El-Awsat 104. Monte Carlo 105. mahatet Misr 106. El-Qahira El-kobra 107. Ezaet El-Qahira 108. FM 109. El-Shbab and El-Riada 110. Soot El-Arab 111. ÇEzaet Shmal El-Saed 112. Ezaet London 113. Misr News 114. Mega FM 115. Radio Masr 116. El Aghaniy 117. Cairo Voice 35

. 201. El-Quran 202. El-Pernamj El-Am 203. El-Sharq El-Awsat 204. Monte Carlo 205. Mahatet Misr 206. El-Qahira El-Kobra 207. Ezaet El-Qahira 208. FM 209. El-Shbab and El-Riada 210. Soot El-Arab 214. Mega FM 215. Radio Misr 216. El Aghaniy . 301. 1 302. 105.6 303. 15 304. 4 305. 7 306. 84.00 307. 88,4 308. 94.7 309. 95.5 310. 99.0 311. A 312. ADANA 313. ADANA KRAL 314. AKDENÝZ 315. AKRA 316. ALATURKA 317. ALEM 318. ALL OF THEM 319. AMED 320. ANKARA SU 321. ATV SPOR 322. AÞK 323. BAYRAK 324. BAYRAM 325. BERAT 326. BEST 327. BURÇ 328. ÇAÐIL 329. ÇAÐRI 330. CAN 331. CEM 332. ÇORLU 333. CÝHAN 334. D 335. DELTA 336. DENGE 36

337. DENÝZ 338. DOÐU 339. DOLUNAY 340. DONT KNOW/DOES NOT MATTER 341. DURS 342. DÝCLE -GÜN 343. DÝNÝ KANALLAR 344. EFE 345. EKÝN 346. ERGANÝ 347. ESMEKENT 348. ESRA 349. FANATÝK 350. FEN 351. FENOMEN 352. FISTIK 353. FM 354. GEBZE 355. GERZE 356. GÖZYAÞI 357. GÜL 358. GÜN 359. GÜNEÞ 360. HABER TÜRK 361. HATAY 362. JOYTÜRK 363. KANALTÜRK 364. KARADENÝZ 365. KARDELYA 366. KONYA TV 367. KRAL 368. KÝLÝM 369. LALEGÜL 370. MAVÝ 371. MAYDANOSE 372. MEGA 373. MEHTAP 374. MELTEM-GÖZYAÞI 375. MERCAN 376. MERSÝN 377. METRO 378. MTV 379. MÜZÝK KANALLARI 380. NBR 381. NEÞTER 382. NTV 383. NUR 384. OLAY 385. ÖZGÜR 386. PALL STATÝON 387. PARK 37

388. POLÝS SU 389. POP MÜZÝK 390. POWER 391. POWERTÜRK 392. RADÝO 2000 393. RASTGELE 394. RAVZA 395. RD SEYMEN 396. SAMANYOLU 397. SELAM 398. SEMERKANT 399. SERHAT 400. SES 401. SEYMEN 402. SHOW 403. SLOWTÜRK 404. SPOR 405. STAR 406. SÜPER 407. TARAFISZ HABER KANALLARI 408. TGRT 409. TRABZON SU 410. TRT 411. TRT 1 412. TRT 2 413. TRT 4 414. TRT 6 415. TRT ÇUKUROVA 416. TRT HABER 417. TRT KANAL 418. TRT MÜZÝK 419. TRT NAME 420. TRT SU 421. TRT TÜRKÜ 422. TUMAR 423. TURKUAZ 424. VAN 425. YILDIZ 426. ÝLAHÝYAT KANALI 427. ÝMAJ 428. ÝMBAT 429. YÖN 430. YÖRESEL TÜM KANALLAR 431. ÝSTANBUL 432. ZAMAN 433. ZERGAN 434. ÞAFAK . 501. 1 502. 7 503. 95.5 38

504. A 505. AKDEN?Z 506. AKRA 507. ALEM 508. BEST 509. BURÇ 510. CEM 511. D 512. DO?U 513. EK?N 514. FENOMEN 515. FM 516. GÜN 517. KONYA TV 518. KRAL 519. K?L?M 520. METRO 521. NTV 522. OLAY 523. ÖZGÜR 524. POL?S SU 525. POP MÜZ?K 526. POWER 527. POWERTÜRK 528. SEYMEN 529. SHOW 530. SLOWTÜRK 531. SPOR 532. SÜPER 533. TGRT 534. TRT 535. TRT 1 536. YÖN 537. ?STANBUL 538. RADYO D . 601. Zitouna FM 602. Shems FM 603. RTCI 604. RTCN 605. Radio Tataouine 606. Radio Sfax 607. Radio Monastir 608. Radio Kalima 609. Radio Kef 610. Radio Jeunes 611. Radio Gafsa 612. Mosaique FM 613. Jawahra FM 614. Express FM 615. Sabra FM 39

616. Cap FM 617. IFM 618. Oxygène FM 619. Oasis FM 621. Alchaanbi FM 622. Al Karama FM 623. BBC 625. MFM 626. MinaFM 627. Monti Carlo 629. Radio Culture 630. Sawet Manajem 631. Ulyss FM 632. Radio M’saken 633. Kounouz FM 634. Nour 635. Radio 6 636. Saraha FM 637. Mines FM 638. Radio Nefzaouia 639. Radio Jrid

V108 How much do you rely on newspapers as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V109 Which newspaper is the most reliable source of information for you? 101. El-Masry El-Youm 102. El-Akhbar El-Youm 103. Al-Ahram 104. El-Gomhoria 105. Gardt El-Ahly 106. El-Wafd 107. El-Dostour 108. El-Mesaa 109. El-Shrouq 110. El-Ahram El-Msaee 111. El-Nabaa 112. El-Qana 113. El-Waseet 114. El-Youm El-Sabee 116. El-Fajr 118. El-Esboa 119. Sport News 120. Mglt El-Tawhed 121. Soot El-Oma 122. El-Hwadeth 40

. 201. El-Masry El-Youm 202. El-Akhbar El-Youm 203. Al-Ahram 204. El-Gomhoria 206. El-Wafd 207. El-Dostour 208. El-Mesaa 210. El-Ahram El-Msaee 214. El-Youm El-Sabee 216. El-Fajr 219. Sport News . 301. AKDENÝZ 302. AKÝT 303. AKÞAM 304. AYDINLIK 305. AZADÝYA WELAT 306. BUGÜN 307. BÝRGÜN 308. CUMHURÝYET 309. DOÐRU HABER 310. DÝYARBAKIR SÖZ 311. EVRENSEL 312. FANATÝK 313. FARKLI 314. FOTOMAÇ 315. GÖZCÜ 316. GÜNAYDIN 317. GÜNDEM 318. GÜNEÞ 319. HABER TÜRK 320. HÜRRÝYET 321. KARADENÝZ 322. KEMALÝST 323. KOCAELÝ 324. MESAJ 325. MÝLLÝ GAZETE 326. MÝLLÝYET 327. OLAY 328. ORTADOÐU 329. ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM 330. POSTA 331. RADÝKAL 332. RASTGELE 333. RESMÝ GAZETE 334. SABAH 335. SAHA 336. SOL 337. SÖZCÜ 338. STAR 41

339. STV 340. TAKVÝM 341. TARAF 342. TARAFTAR 343. TERCÜMAN 344. TÜRKÝYE 345. VAKÝT 346. VARDAR 347. VATAN 348. YENÝ AKÝT 349. YENÝ ASIR 350. YENÝ MESAJ 351. YENÝ ÞAFAK 352. YURT GAZETESÝ 353. ZAMAN . 401. AK?T 402. AYDINLIK 403. AZAD?YA WELAT 404. B?RGÜN 405. CUMHUR?YET 406. DO?RU HABER 407. FANAT?K 408. FOTOMAÇ 409. GÜNDEM 410. HABER TÜRK 411. HÜRR?YET 412. KARADEN?Z 413. M?LL? GAZETE 414. M?LL?YET 415. OLAY 416. ORTADO?U 417. ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM 418. POSTA 419. RAD?KAL 420. SABAH 421. SÖZCÜ 422. STAR 423. TAKV?M 424. TERCÜMAN 425. TÜRK?YE 426. VATAN 427. YEN? AK?T 428. YEN? ASIR 429. YEN? MESAJ 430. YEN? ?AFAK 431. ZAMAN . 501. Voix du peuple 502. Tunis Hebdo 503. Réalité 42

504. Le quotidien 505. La presse 506. La liberté 507. L'opinion 510. Essabah 511. Chourouk 512. Assarih 514. Al moussawer 515. Al hadath 516. Al fajer 517. Al bayene 519. Al Anouar 520. Al Amal 521. Al iléne 522. Attounissia 523. Al osboû 524. Al mawkef 526. Akhbar aljomhouriya 527. Alkhabar 528. Al maghreb 529. Al Kodes 530. Al Masaa 531. Al Nahar 532. AL saada 533. Courrien intenational 534. Dhamir 535. AL Kodes Arabi 537. L'audace 538. Le Monde 539. Le temps 540. People 541. Sadaa 542. Akher el Akhbar 543. Adhamir 544. Al Arab 545. Revolution News 546. Alwamidh 547. Union people

V110 How much do you rely on the internet as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V111 How much do you rely on your mobile phone as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V112 How much do you rely on social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, as a source of information – a great deal, some, not very much or at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V113 How much do you rely on family as a source of information? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V114 How much do you rely on friends as a source of information? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V115 How much do you rely on religious figures as a source of information? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V116 How much do you rely on political leaders as a source of information? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

V117 Morality level of the United States 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V118 Morality level of one’s own country [Egypt for Egyptian sample; Turkey for Turkish sample. Tunisia for Tunisian sample] 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V119 Morality level of France 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V120 Morality level of Yemen 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V121 Morality level of Egypt 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V122 Morality level of the UAE 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V123 Morality level of Sudan 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V124 Morality level of Iran 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V125 Morality level of Saudi Arabia 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V126 Morality level of China 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V127 Morality level of Libya 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V128 Morality level of Algeria 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V129 Morality level of Russia 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V130 Morality level of members of ISIL 1. Low morality … … … 10. High morality

V131 Now I will ask your opinion about certain kinds of behaviors. Which one of the following four actions is most immoral – stealing other people’s property, violence against other people, premarital sex, or telling lies to other people to protect one’s own interests? 1. Stealing other people’s property 2. Violence against other people 3. Premarital sex 4. Telling lies to other people to protect one’s own interests

V132 What language do you normally speak at home? 1. Arabic 2. English 3. French 4. Turkish 5. Kurdish 6. Albanian 7. Azerbaijanese 8. Circassian 9. Zazaca 10. Armenian 11. Turkish and Arabic 12. Turkish and English 13, Turkish and Kurdish 14. Turkish and Macedonian 15. Turkish and Yugoslavian 16. Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic 17. Arabic and French 18. Amazighy

V133_1 Which of the following languages were spoken at home during your childhood? Turkish 1. Yes 2. No

V133_2 Which of the following languages were spoken at home during your childhood? Kurdish 1. Yes 2. No

V133_3 Which of the following languages were spoken at home during your childhood? Arabic 1. Yes 2. No

V133_4 Other languages were spoken at home during childhood, specified. 1. Albanian 2. Azeri Tu 3. Bulgaria 4. Circassian 5. English 6. Filipino 7. French 8. Georgian 9. German 10. Greek 11. Lazca 12. Macedonian 13. Moldavia 47

14. Persian 15. Pomak 16. Romanian 17. Russian 18. Turkmenian 19. Yugoslav 20. Zazaki

V134 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Religious association 0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 1. Inactive member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 2. Active member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V135 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Political Party 0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 1. Inactive member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 2. Active member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V136 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Humanitarian or charitable organization 0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 1. Inactive member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 2. Active member (in Egypt/Turkey questionnaire) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V137 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Labor Union 0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V138 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Professional association 0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V139 Are you an active member, an inactive member or not a member of: Civil liberties organization 48

0. Don’t Belong (in all questionnaires) 3. Participate rarely (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 4. Participate occasionally (in Tunisia questionnaire only) 5. Participate regularly (in Tunisia questionnaire only)

V140 Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "none at all" and 10 means "a great deal" to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out. 1. None at all … … … 10. A great deal

V141 To what extent are you optimistic/pessimistic about your future? Please use this scale where 1 means "Highly Pessimistic" and 10 means "Highly Optimistic" to indicate how you feel about your future. 1. Highly Pessimistic 2. … … … 10. Highly Optimistic

V142 In [COUNTRY] these days, life is unpredictable and dangerous. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V143 Some people believe that individuals can decide their own destiny, while others think that it is impossible to escape a predetermined fate. Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this scale on which 1 means “everything in life is determined by fate,” and 10 means that “people shape their fate themselves.” 1. Everything is determined by fate … … … 10. People shape their fate themselves

V144 Do you like or dislike people with criminal record as neighbors? 1. Like 2. Dislike

V145 Americans (as neighbors)? 1. Like 2. Dislike

V146 French (as neighbors)? 1. Like 2. Dislike

V147 Saudis (as neighbors)? 1. Like 2. Dislike

V148 British (as neighbors?) 1. Like 5. Dislike

V149 Sunnis (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V150 Iraqis (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V151 Syrians (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V152 Iranians (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V153 Kurds (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V154 Shi'is (Egypt)/Allawis (Turkey) (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V155 Jews (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V156 Christians (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike v157 Russians (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike v158 ISIL supporters (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike 50

V159 Berbers (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V160 Qataris (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V161 Algerians (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V162 Libyans (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V163 Salafis (as neighbors?) 1. Like 2. Dislike

V164 I am going to name a number of groups and institutions. For each one, could you tell me how much trust, in general, you have in them: is it a lot, some, only a little, or none at all? Trust: Allawi [Turkey]/Shi’a [Tunisia] 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V165 Trust: Sunnis [Turkey]/Salafis [Tunisia] 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V166 Trust: Kurds 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V167 Trust: Turks 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V168 Trust: Jews 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V169 Trust: Christians 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V170 Trust: Political parties 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V171 Trust: The president 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V172 Trust: The Prime Minister 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V173 Trust: The military 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V174 Trust: The press 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V175_T1 Trust: Assembly of the National Constitution 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V176 Trust: The public sector/government 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V177 Trust: The Parliament 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V178 Trust: The courts 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V179 Trust: Religious institutions [Egypt, Tunisia]/The Diyanet [Turkey] 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V180 Trust: Other religious institutions 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V181 Trust: United Nations 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V182 Trust: The Arab League 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V183 Trust: Universities 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V184 Trust: Your relatives 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Only a little 4. Not at all

V185 I would like to ask you a question about recent political upheavals in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and other places in the Middle East. Which of the following is the most important purpose of these movements? 1. National movement for freedom and democracy 2. Religious movement for the establishment of an Islamic government 3. Movements to counter Western influence 4. Movements for economic equality and prosperity 5. These movements are a Western conspiracy 6. Movement of the Arab people for the unity of all Arab countries 11. Dividing Arab countries 12. Not good 13. Right is intended to void 14. To achieve positions for personal targets 15. ABD VE TÜRKÝYENÝN ORTAK KIÞKIRTMASI 16. AYRIMCILIK 17. BÝRLÝK OLMAMASI 18. DEVLET YÖNETÝMÝNE KARÞI ÝSYAN 19. DÝNLERÝNÝN YAÞAMADIKLARI ÝÇÝN 20. HABERÝM YOK 21. PETROL 22. PEÞKEÞ ÇEKÝLMESÝ YÜZÜNDEN 23. RAHATLIK BATTI 24. TOPRAK BÖLÜÞEMÝYORLAR 25. TÜRKÝYE ÇÝN OYNANAN OYUNLARIN AYNISI ONLAR ÝÇÝNDE 26. ÝKTÝDAR HEVESÝ 27. ÝNATLAÞMA 28. AMERÝKA KIÞKIRTMASI 29. AMERÝKA VE ÝSRAÝL KIÞKIRTMASIYLA OLUÞAN HAREKETLER 30. AMERÝKANIN BÜYÜK ORTA DOÐU PROJESÝ 31. AYRIÞMA ÝÇÝN YAPILAN HAREKETLER 32. BOP 33. ÇIKAR KAVGASI 34. ÇIKAR MENFAATLERÝ ÝSRAÝL 35. EKONOMÝK KAYNAKLARI ELE GEÇÝRME 36. GÜÇLÜLERÝN ZAYIFI EZMESÝ 37. IRK AYRIMI 38. MEZHEP KAVGASI 39. ORTADOÐU PROJESÝ BÜYÜK ÝSRAÝLÝN KURULMASI 40. PETROL KAYNAKLARI 41. ÜLKE YÖNETÝMÝNÝN BASKILI REJÝMÝ UYGULAMASI 42. YERALTI KAYNAKLARININ YABANCI KONTROLÜNDE OLMASI 43. YÖNETÝCÝLERÝN KENDÝ ÇIKARLARI 44. YÖNETÝMLERÝN ADALETSÝZLÝÐÝ 45. ÝSRAÝL GÜÇLENDÝRECEK 46. ÝSRAÝL KARIÞTIRMASI 54

47. ÝSRAÝL OLANLARI ORTADOÐU ÜZERÝNDELER 48. ÝSRAÝL PLANI 49. ÝSRAÝL VE AMERÝKANIN KOMPLO HAREKETLERÝ 50. Conflict of interest 51. Leaders' ambition 52. Oil wars 53. To divide Turkey 54. To eliminate the muslims in the world 55. Stop the dictatorship in the Arab countries 56. Movement for political reasons 57. Justice 58. Eliminate the unemployment phenomenon 59. A popular uplifting 60. There was no revolution 61. In order to create problems in the Islamic countries 62. For dignity 63. All countries follow Tunisia 64. For power 65. To change political systems 66. It is a social and religious futility 67. International freedom 68. Because of Ben Ali 69. It is the end of the world 70. Freed from obsolete systems 71. Personal interest 72. Movement West to divide the Islamic states 73. Ignorance 74. It's a plot 75. Make a mess 76. Zionist conspiracy 77. Transitional Uprising 78. Change the world 79. For dignity 80. In order to create problems in the Arab countries 81. Eliminate the unemployment phenomenon 82. Justice 83. Freedom 84. Political extremism 85. Tyranny 96. Other [IF VOLUNTEERED]: Not specified

V186 And what is the second most important purpose of these movements? 1. National movement for freedom and democracy 2. Religious movement for the establishment of an Islamic government 3. Movements to counter Western influence 4. Movements for economic equality and prosperity 5. These movements are a Western conspiracy 6. Movement of the Arab people for the unity of all Arab countries 11. Dividing Arab countries 12. Not good 13. Right is intended to void 55

14. To achieve positions for personal targets 15. ABD VE TÜRKÝYENÝN ORTAK KIÞKIRTMASI 16. AYRIMCILIK 17. BÝRLÝK OLMAMASI 18. DEVLET YÖNETÝMÝNE KARÞI ÝSYAN 19. DÝNLERÝNÝN YAÞAMADIKLARI ÝÇÝN 20. HABERÝM YOK 21. PETROL 22. PEÞKEÞ ÇEKÝLMESÝ YÜZÜNDEN 23. RAHATLIK BATTI 24. TOPRAK BÖLÜÞEMÝYORLAR 25. TÜRKÝYE ÇÝN OYNANAN OYUNLARIN AYNISI ONLAR ÝÇÝNDE 26. ÝKTÝDAR HEVESÝ 27. ÝNATLAÞMA 28. AMERÝKA KIÞKIRTMASI 29. AMERÝKA VE ÝSRAÝL KIÞKIRTMASIYLA OLUÞAN HAREKETLER 30. AMERÝKANIN BÜYÜK ORTA DOÐU PROJESÝ 31. AYRIÞMA ÝÇÝN YAPILAN HAREKETLER 32. BOP 33. ÇIKAR KAVGASI 34. ÇIKAR MENFAATLERÝ ÝSRAÝL 35. EKONOMÝK KAYNAKLARI ELE GEÇÝRME 36. GÜÇLÜLERÝN ZAYIFI EZMESÝ 37. IRK AYRIMI 38. MEZHEP KAVGASI 39. ORTADOÐU PROJESÝ BÜYÜK ÝSRAÝLÝN KURULMASI 40. PETROL KAYNAKLARI 41. ÜLKE YÖNETÝMÝNÝN BASKILI REJÝMÝ UYGULAMASI 42. YERALTI KAYNAKLARININ YABANCI KONTROLÜNDE OLMASI 43. YÖNETÝCÝLERÝN KENDÝ ÇIKARLARI 44. YÖNETÝMLERÝN ADALETSÝZLÝÐÝ 45. ÝSRAÝL GÜÇLENDÝRECEK 46. ÝSRAÝL KARIÞTIRMASI 47. ÝSRAÝL OLANLARI ORTADOÐU ÜZERÝNDELER 48. ÝSRAÝL PLANI 49. ÝSRAÝL VE AMERÝKANIN KOMPLO HAREKETLERÝ 50. Conflict of interest 51. Leaders' ambition 52. Oil wars 53. To divide Turkey 54. To eliminate the muslims in the world 55. Stop the dictatorship in the Arab countries 56. Movement for political reasons 57. Justice 58. Eliminate the unemployment phenomenon 59. A popular uplifting 60. There was no revolution 61. In order to create problems in the Islamic countries 62. For dignity 63. All countries follow Tunisia 64. For power 56

65. To change political systems 66. It is a social and religious futility 67. International freedom 68. Because of Ben Ali 69. It is the end of the world 70. Freed from obsolete systems 71. Personal interest 72. Movement West to divide the Islamic states 73. Ignorance 74. It's a plot 75. Make a mess 76. Zionist conspiracy 77. Transitional Uprising 78. Change the world 79. For dignity 80. In order to create problems in the Arab countries 81. Eliminate the unemployment phenomenon 82. Justice 83. Freedom 84. Political extremism 85. Tyranny 96. Other [IF VOLUNTEERED]: Not specified

V187 People have different views about themselves and how they relate to the world. Using this card, please tell me which of these five statements comes closest to the way you feel. 1. I see myself as a citizen of the world 2. I see myself as a citizen of [STUDY COUNTRY] 3. I see myself as a citizen of the Islamic umma [world-wide Christian community (FOR CHRISTIAN RESPONDENTS)/world-wide Jewish community (FOR JEWISH RESPONDENTS)] 4. I see myself as a citizen of the Arab community 5. I see myself as a citizen of Kurdish community 6. I see myself as a citizen of Turkish Community 7. I see myself as a citizen of Allawi Community 8. I see myself as a citizen of the Berber community

V188 The only way to teach a lesson to our enemies is to threaten their lives and make them suffer. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V189 People should be ready for self-sacrifice to defend against the enemies of [STUDY COUNTRY]. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V190 Muslims must use violence against the enemies of Islam in [STUDY COUNTRY]. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V191 [STUDY COUNTRY MEMBERS] obligated to fight the influence of Western culture in their society. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V192 The Shi’is are a major threat to the Sunni way of life. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V193 Our military personnel must gain religious education. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

V194 Some people get involved in illegal activities when they were young. How often have you had any problems with the police because of an activity like that when you were a teenager or before reaching the age of 25? [Tunisia] How often did you have trouble with the police? [Egypt/Turkey] 1. Quite a lot 2. A few times 3. Once or twice 4. Never

V195 This set of questions asks about all kinds of attacks on different groups of people. I will read you a list and ask you if you strongly approve of the attacks, somewhat approve of them, somewhat disapprove of them, or strongly disapprove of them. Assaults on [STUDY COUNTRY] security forces 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V196 Suicide bomb attacks against civilians in [STUDY COUNTRY]? 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

58 v197 Assaults on civilian foreigners working in [STUDY COUNTRY]? 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V198 Attacks on US military troops in Iraq or Afghanistan? [T1] Attacks on US military troops in Iraq? [T2] 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V199 Assaults on US civilians working for US companies in Europe? 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V200 Assaults on US civilians working for US companies in Islamic countries? 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V201 Assaults on Iraqis or Afghanis working for US companies in Iraq or Afghanistan? 1. Strongly approve 2. Somewhat approve 3. Somewhat disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

V202 What is the highest educational level that you have attained? [IF STUDENT, HIGHEST LEVEL HE/SHE EXPECTS TO COMPLETE]: 1. No formal education 2. Incomplete primary school 3. Complete primary school 4. Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 5. Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 6. Incomplete secondary: university-preparatory type 7. Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 8. Some university-level education, without a degree 9. University-level education, with degree (include post-graduate education)

V203 Are you employed now including self-employment? 1. Yes 2. No

V204_A About how many hours do you work per week on your main job? ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V204_B Number of hours worked per day ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V204_C Number of days worked per week ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V205 Reason for unemployment 101. Lost job/Laid off 102. Retired 103. Housewife 104. Student 105. Permanently disabled 201. Refused to let me work 202. There is no job opportunity 203. Looking for a job 204. Maternity Leave 205. On Pension 206. On pension and has a paralysis in his two feets 207. Respondent is a widow and takes care of his children and he works at intervals and now not working 208. Surgery in her eyes 209. There is no jobs 301. 2 AYDA BÝR DUL AYLIÐI ALIYOR 302. 65 YAÞ MAAÞI ALIYOR 303. AMELÝYAT OLDUM 304. ASKERDEN GELDÝM ÝÞ BULAMADIM 305. ASKERLÝK BEKLÝYOR 306. ATAMA BEKLÝYORUM 307. BEBEKTEN DOLAYI 308. ÇALIÞMAK ÝSTEMÝYOR 309. ÇOK YAÞLI 310. ÇÝFTÇÝ 311. DERSHANEYE GÝDEREK ÜNÝVERSÝTEYE GÝDÝYOR 312. EMEKLÝ OLAMAMIÞ 313. EV KIZI 314. EÞÝ RAHATSIZ ONA BAKIYOR 315. EÞÝMDEN EMEKLÝ 316. EÞÝNDEN EMEKLÝ 317. GAYRÝMENKUL GELÝRLERÝ ÝLE GEÇÝNEN 318. GEÇÝCÝ ÝÞSÝZ 319. HASTA 320. KAZA GEÇÝRDÝÐÝ ÝÇÝN 321. KENDÝSÝ ÝÞTEN ÇIKTI ANNESÝNE BAKMAK ÝÇÝN 322. KOCASINDAN EMEKLÝ 323. KPSS ÇALIÞIYORUM 324. KPSS HAZIRLANIYORUM 325. ÖÐRENCÝ 326. RAHATSIZ KALP YETMEZLÝÐÝ 327. RAHATSIZDIM 328. SAAT MAAÞI ÇOCUK ESÝRGEME ÇOCUK MAAÞI 329. TEDAVÝ GÖRÜYOR 60

330. TRAFÝK KAZASI GEÇÝRDÝ 331. YAPACAK ÝÞ YOK 332. YAÞLI 333. YAÞLI VE HASTA 334. YAÞLILIK PARASI ALIYOR 335. YAÞLIYIM 336. YENÝ MEZUN ÇALIÞMA HAYATINA ATILMADI 337. ÝHTÝYAÇ YOK ÇOCUK BAKIYOR 338. ÝÞ ARIYOR 339. ÝÞ ARIYOR YENÝ MEZUN 340. ÝÞ BEKLÝYOR 341. ÝÞ BEKLÝYORUM 342. ÝÞ BULAMIYOR 343. ÝÞ KULLANMIYOR 344. ÝÞ YOK 345. ÝÞSÝZ 346. ÝÞYOK 347. ÞÝMDÝLÝK ÝZÝNDE 401. Artisan 402. Doing some business but not working! 403. Free work 404. Government subsidies 405. Has income from his son 406. Health problems 407. Job change 408. Looking after someone at home 409. Maternity, children 410. Military service 411. Never worked before 412. Nor working 413. Prepared for the exam 414. Private reasons 415. Resigned with his own desire 416. Seasonal works in a hotel 417. Seeking Job 418. Street collector 419. The workplace was closed 420. Work accident 501. I do not want to work 502. I resigned 503. I'm already studying 504. I want to set my own business 505. My family doesn't agree with the idea of my work 506. I'm sick 507. Lack of jobs 508. Lack of security 509. I've lost my passport 510. Because of my age 601. Age 602. There is no work 603. Volunteer in an association 61

604. Husband refused 605. Looking for job 606. In military 607. Trainee 608. I rent houses 609. Personal choice 610. Unfavorable working conditions 611. Because of pregnancy 996. Other, not specified

V206 Have you ever done any work for pay including self-employment? 1. Yes 2. No

V207 What (is/was) your main occupation? 10001. Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees 10002. Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 10003. Professional worker, lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc. 10004. Supervisory - office worker: supervises others 10005. Non-manual office worker: non supervisory 10006. Foreman and supervisor 10007. Skilled manual worker 10008. Semi-skilled manual worker 10009. Unskilled manual worker 10010. Farmer: has own farm 10011. Agricultural worker 10012. Member of armed forces, security personnel 20001. Corporate and general managers 20002. Physical, engineering, life science, health, teaching, and other professionals 20003. Associate professionals with some formal training required but not university degree 20004. Office clerks, customer service clerks, other service clerks (stores, restaurants, etc.) 20005. Agriculture and fishery workers 20006. Extraction (mining), building trades, metal machinery and related trades workers 20007. Handicraft and other craft and related trades workers 20008. Plant operators, machine operators and assemblers, other factory workers 20009. Armed forces 21001. A Lawyer 21002. A small shop for dessert in front of her house 21003. Driver 21004. Elderly caretaker 21005. Furniture painter 21006. Has own business 21007. Photographer 21008. Soldier in the police 21009. Street vendor 21010. Taxi Driver 62

21011. Trader 21012. Works at spinning and weaving in Helwan 21013. Works in a supermarket 21014. Works on a car owned by one of his relatives 30001. Legislators and senior officials (all members of state, regional or local legislatures) 30002. Corporate managers (organizations having 3+ managers or 11+ employees) 30003. General managers (organizations having 1-2 managers or less than 11 employees) 30004. Physical, mathematical, and engineering science professionals (university degrees required 30005. Life science and health professionals (university degree required) 30006. Teaching professionals (university degree required) 30007. Other professionals (university degree required) 30008. Physical and engineering science associate professionals (some formal training required) 30009. Life science and health associate professionals (some formal training required) 30010. Teaching associate professionals (some formal training required) 30011. Other associate professionals (some formal training required) 30012. Office clerks (no direct contact with clients) 30013. Customer service clerks (direct contact with clients) 30014. Personal and protective service workers (provide personal services) 30015. Models, salespersons, and demonstrators (pose, display, demonstrate or sell goods) 30016. Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers (perform complex, non-routine tasks) 30017. Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers (for personal, not commercial use) 30018. Extraction and building trades workers (mining, quarrying, and construction industries) 30019. Metal, machinery and related trades workers (manufacturing, repair, communications, public utilities) 30020. Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers (skilled handicraft, printing) 30021. Other craft and related trades workers (skilled craftsman) 30022. Stationary plant and related operators (make materials from which parts are made) 30023. Machine operators and assemblers (make finished products) 30024. Drivers and mobile plant operators (mobile implies operating a machine in a plant) 30025. Sales and services elementary occupations (perform routine, unskilled services) 30026. Agricultural, fishery and related laborers (perform routine tasks using hand-held tools) 30027. Laborers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport (perform routine tasks) 30028. Armed forces 40001. works in an association 40002. A un restaurant 63

40003. administrative 40004. administrative agent 40005. aesthetic technician 40006. agriculteur indépendant 40007. animator 40008. baker 40009. broker 40010. butcher 40011. cafetier 40012. carpenter 40013. Chauffeur de Taxi 40014. Chef of group 40015. cleaning lady 40016. coffee owner 40017. Coiffeur 40018. commentateur sportif 40019. Commerçant 40020. Commercant 40021. Commerçante 40022. commercial 40023. Commercial 40024. Company manager 40025. computer engineer 40026. Conducteur des traveaux dans une société de construction 40027. confectioner 40028. contractor 40029. contrôle qualité 40030. cooker 40031. couture 40032. daily worker 40033. Daily worker 40034. Daily Worker 40035. Dans la cuisine de l'hopital régional 40036. decorator 40037. Designer toys 40038. DJ Music 40039. école de formation 40040. electrician 40041. employee 40042. Employee 40043. engineer 40044. entry clerk 40045. fonctionaire 40046. fonctionaire dans la tunisair 40047. Fonctionnaire 40048. fonctionnaire dans un association 40049. foreman 40050. free businees 40051. garde 40052. graphic artist 40053. Graphiste 64

40054. grocer 40055. hairdresser 40056. his own project 40057. Imam 40058. in a private company 40059. in a publinet 40060. in an office 40061. in private 40062. infirmière 40063. Ingénieur géni civil 40064. IT Developer 40065. it has a coffee 40066. liberal profession 40067. maid 40068. Maid 40069. manager 40070. Manager of a restaurant 40071. manager quality 40072. mechanic 40073. Media 40074. Monitrice 40075. Musicien 40076. notary 40077. official 40078. Official 40079. on his own account 40080. Operator 40081. Operator in the military hospital 40082. ouvrier 40083. Ouvrier 40084. owner of a cafeteria 40085. owner of a games room 40086. owner of a project 40087. Owner of a Publinet 40088. owner of a restaurant 40089. owner of a small project 40090. pharmacist 40091. photographer 40092. Photographie 40093. plumber 40094. propritére d'une petite épicerie 40095. quality controller 40096. seamstress 40097. secretary 40098. Secretary 40099. Secritaire privé 40100. Seller of car pieces 40101. senior technician 40102. server 40103. smith 40104. Social Guide 65

40105. sports teacher 40106. storekeeper 40107. taxi driver 40108. Taxi driver 40109. Taxiste 40110. technician 40111. Teleoperator 40112. Tôlier 40113. Tourism 40114. trader 40115. volunteer in an association 40116. wholesaler 40117. Worker 40118. working abroad 40119. working in a laboratory 99996. Other, not specified

V207_B Does your occupation require a university degree? [Tunisia only] 1. Yes 2. No

V207_TK What (is/was) your main occupation? [Original Turkish response recorded in open-ended form] See data file for value labels

V208 (Are/Were) you self-employed? 1. Yes 2. No

V209 (Are/Were) you working for the government or public organization, a private business or industry, or what?

101. Government or public organization 102. Private business or industry 103. Private non-profit organization (IF VOLUNTEERED) 107. Self-employed 201. Never worked for any of them 202. Owns car accessories shop 203. Taxi Driver 204. Works for others 205. Works on a car owned by one of his relatives 301. AÝLE ÝÞÝ 302. ÇALIÞMADI 303. CEVAP VERMEDÝ 304. ÇÝFTÇÝ 305. DÜÐÜNLERDE MÜZÝSYEN AMATÖR ÇALIÞAN 306. EMEKLÝ EÞÝ AÝLE ÝÞÝ ÝÞÇÝ BÝLETÇÝ 307. ESNAF 308. ESNAF KENDÝ ÝÞÝ 309. EVLERE TEMÝZLÝÐE GÝDÝYOR 310. EÞÝM ÇALIÞTI ÖLÜ ESNAF 66

311. FABRÝKA 312. GEÇÝÇÝ KÖY KORUCUSU 313. HAYIR 314. HAYVANCILIK 315. HÝÇ ÇALIÞMADI 316. HÝÇ ÇALIÞMADIM 317. KAFE SAHÝBÝ 318. KARDEÞÝNÝN DEÐÝRMEN ÝÞÝ 319. KEND,M TEMÝZLÝK ÝÞÝNDE ÇALIÞTIM 320. KENDÝ HESABINA 321. KENDÝ HESABINA ÇALIÞAN 322. KENDÝ SONASI 323. KENDÝ ÝÞLERÝ TARLADA SERADA ÇALIÞIYORLAR 324. KENDÝ ÝÞÝ 325. KENDÝ ÝÞÝM 326. MEMUR 327. MEVSÝMLÝK ÝÞÇÝ 328. MUHASEBE 329. MÜZÝK ÝÞLERÝ 330. ÖÐRETMEN 331. ÖZEL 332. REÇBER 333. REÇBERLÝK 334. SERBEST 335. SERBEST MESLEK 336. SERBEST ÝÞÇÝ 337. SEYYAR 338. STAJER 339. TAKSÝ 340. TARIM ÝÞÇÝSÝ 341. TARIMLA UÐRAÞMIÞ 342. TEMÝZLÝK GÜNLÜK 343. TEMÝZLÝK ÝÞÇÝSÝ 344. TÝCARET 345. ÝNÞAAT 346. ÝNÞAAT USTASI 347. ÝNÞAATÇI 348. YURTDIÞI 349. ÝÞÇÝ 350. ÝÞLETMECÝ 351. ÝÞPORTACI 401. ALIA 16 402. Both 403. National organization 404. Semi-state 996. Other, not specified

V210 Are you the chief wage earner in your household? 1. Yes 5. No

V211 Is the chief wage earner in your household employed now? 1. Yes 2. No

V212 What (is/was) the main profession of the chief wage earner in your household – what type of work (does/did) the chief wage earner do 10001. Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees 10002. Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 10003. Professional worker, lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc. 10004. Supervisory - office worker: supervises others 10005. Non-manual office worker: non supervisory 10006. Foreman and supervisor 10007. Skilled manual worker 10008. Semi-skilled manual worker 10009. Unskilled manual worker 10010. Farmer: has own farm 10011. Agricultural worker 10012. Member of armed forces, security personnel 10013. Never had a job 20000. Legislators and senior officials 20001. Corporate and general managers 20002. Physical, engineering, life science, health, teaching, and other professionals 20003. Associate professionals with some formal training required but not university degee 20004. Office clerks, customer service clerks, other service clerks (stores, restaurants, etc.) 20005. Agriculture and fishery workers 20006. Extraction (mining), building trades, metal machinery and related trades workers 20007. Handicraft and other craft and related trades workers 20008. Plant operators, machine operators and assemblers, other factory workers 20009. Armed forces 21001. Clean worker in a mosque 21002. Employer 21003. He used to work at Omar Effendi, now on pension because of a disability 21004. Mechanical in an electricity company 21005. On pension 21006. Owns a clothes shop (now closed) 21007. Security officer in a company 21008. Trader 21009. Works in a bazar 21010. Works in Kiriazy company 30001. Legislators and senior officials (all members of state, regional or local legislatures) 30002. Corporate managers (organizations having 3+ managers or 11+ employees) 30003. General managers (organizations having 1-2 managers or less than 11 employees) 30004. Physical, mathematical, and engineering science professionals (university degrees required 30005. Life science and health professionals (university degree required) 68

30006. Teaching professionals (university degree required) 30007. Other professionals (university degree required) 30008. Physical and engineering science associate professionals (some formal training required) 30009. Life science and health associate professionals (some formal training required) 30010. Teaching associate professionals (some formal training required) 30011. Other associate professionals (some formal training required) 30012. Office clerks (no direct contact with clients) 30013. Customer service clerks (direct contact with clients) 30014. Personal and protective service workers (provide personal services) 30015. Models, salespersons, and demonstrators (pose, display, demonstrate or sell goods) 30016. Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers (perform complex, non- routine tasks) 30017. Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers (for personal, not commercial use) 30018. Extraction and building trades workers (mining, quarrying, and construction industries) 30019. Metal, machinery and related trades workers (manufacturing, repair, communications, public utilities) 30020. Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers (skilled handicraft, printing) 30021. Other craft and related trades workers (skilled craftsman) 30022. Stationary plant and related operators (make materials from which parts are made) 30023. Machine operators and assemblers (make finished products) 30024. Drivers and mobile plant operators (mobile implies operating a machine in a plant) 30025. Sales and services elementary occupations (perform routine, unskilled services) 30026. Agricultural, fishery and related laborers (perform routine tasks using hand-held tools) 30027. Laborers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport (perform routine tasks) 30028. Armed forces 40001. working abroad 40002. Acting in a judicial review 40003. animator 40004. Animator 40005. artist 40006. assistant 40007. Au chômage 40008. baker 40009. bourse 40010. Broker 40011. butcher 40012. cafe owner 40013. Carpenter 40014. Carpenter 40015. Chauffeur de Taxi 40016. Chef de travaux 40017. Chef in a factory 40018. chef restaurant 69

40019. civil protection 40020. coffee owner 40021. coiffeur 40022. commerçant 40023. Commerçant 40024. Commerçant du matériel de nettoyage 40025. Contractor 40026. cook 40027. coutouriére 40028. Cuisinier 40029. Daily worker 40030. Daily Worker 40031. dead 40032. Dead 40033. dean 40034. electrician 40035. Electrician 40036. Employé au ministre des affaires sociales 40037. Employé dans le Bureau de l'aviation 40038. employee 40039. Employee 40040. En privé 40041. engineer 40042. enseignant de sport 40043. Epicier 40044. farmer 40045. Fonctionnaire 40047. Football coach 40048. free business 40049. Gerutier 40050. grocer 40051. guard 40052. guardian 40053. hairdresser 40054. He is abroad 40055. his own project 40056. il est mort 40057. Imam 40058. In Civil protection 40059. jeweler 40060. Journalist 40061. Lawyer 40062. le pére décée 40063. Maintenance manager 40064. manager of the shop 40065. mechanic 40066. Mechanical engineer 40067. mechanical head 40068. nurse 40069. official 40070. Official 70

40071. ouverier 40072. Ouverier 40073. Ouvrier 40074. Ouvrier dans une socité 40075. Owner of a driving school 40076. owner of a project 40077. patisserie 40078. Peinture 40079. pharmacist 40080. Proffession liberal 40081. Réparation 40082. Reporter 40083. retired 40084. Retired 40085. retraité 40086. Retraité 40087. retraite 40088. Retraite 40089. Retraite ( SNT) 40091. security 40092. Seller of car pieces 40093. Seller spare pieces 40094. server 40095. storekeeper 40096. Subvention 40097. Subvention d'etat 40098. Superieur de l'enseignement primaire 40099. Taxi driver 40100. Taxiste 40101. technician 40102. Technician 40103. Technique dans la pisciculture 40104. trader 40105. Travaille à la mosquée 40106. travailler à l'étranger 40107. travailler dans un café 40108. turner 40109. TV repairman 40110. Vernisseur 40111. worker daily

V212_B Does the profession require a university degree? 1. Yes 2. No

V212_TK What (is/was) his/her main occupation? [Original Turkish response recorded in open-ended form] See data file for value labels

V213 Can you tell me your year of birth, please? _____YYYY 71

V214 This means you are __ __ years old. Is that correct? _____(Age in years)

V215 Gender of respondent 1. Male 5. Female

V216 Marital status 1. Never been married 2. Married 3. Divorced 4. Separated 5. Widowed

V216_A Please remind me, are you currently married? [Soft check for males before asking about wife] 1. Yes 2. No

V217 Altogether, how many children have you had? 0. No child 1. 1 child 2. 2 children 3. 3 children 4. 4 children 5. 5 children 6. 6 children 7. 7 children 8. 8 or more children

V218 Is your wife employed now including self-employment? This includes any paid employment, whether at home or outside the home. 1. Yes 5. No

V219_A About how many hours do you work per week on your main job? ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V219_B Number of hours worked per day ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V219_ C Number of days worked per week ______[NUMBER OF HOURS]

V220 Have she ever done any work for pay including self-employment? 1. Yes 5. No

V221 What (is/was) her main profession – what type of work (does/did) she do? 72

10001. Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees 10002. Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 10003. Professional worker, lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc. 10004. Supervisory - office worker: supervises others 10005. Non-manual office worker: non supervisory 10006. Foreman and supervisor 10007. Skilled manual worker 10008. Semi-skilled manual worker 10009. Unskilled manual worker 10010. Farmer: has own farm 10011. Agricultural worker 10012. Member of armed forces, security personnel 20001. Corporate and general managers 20002. Physical, engineering, life science, health, teaching, and other professionals 20003. Associate professionals with some formal training required but not university degree 20004. Office clerks, customer service clerks, other service clerks (stores, restaurants, etc.) 20005. Agriculture and fishery workers 20006. Extraction (mining), building trades, metal machinery and related trades workers 20007. Handicraft and other craft and related trades workers 20008. Plant operators, machine operators and assemblers, other factory workers 21001. Teacher 21002. Teacher in a private school 30001. Legislators and senior officials (all members of state, regional or local legislatures) 30002. Corporate managers (organizations having 3+ managers or 11+ employees) 30003. General managers (organizations having 1-2 managers or less than 11 employees) 30004. Physical, mathematical, and engineering science professionals (university degrees required 30005. Life science and health professionals (university degree required) 30006. Teaching professionals (university degree required) 30007. Other professionals (university degree required) 30008. Physical and engineering science associate professionals (some formal training required) 30009. Life science and health associate professionals (some formal training required) 30010. Teaching associate professionals (some formal training required) 30011. Other associate professionals (some formal training required) 30012. Office clerks (no direct contact with clients) 30013. Customer service clerks (direct contact with clients) 30014. Personal and protective service workers (provide personal services) 30015. Models, salespersons, and demonstrators (pose, display, demonstrate or sell goods) 30016. Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers (perform complex, non-routine tasks) 73

30017. Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers (for personal, not commercial use) 30018. Extraction and building trades workers (mining, quarrying, and construction industries) 30019. Metal, machinery and related trades workers (manufacturing, repair, communications, public utilities) 30020. Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers (skilled handicraft, printing) 30021. Other craft and related trades workers (skilled craftsman) 30022. Stationary plant and related operators (make materials from which parts are made) 30023. Machine operators and assemblers (make finished products) 30024. Drivers and mobile plant operators (mobile implies operating a machine in a plant) 30025. Sales and services elementary occupations (perform routine, unskilled services) 30026. Agricultural, fishery and related laborers (perform routine tasks using hand-held tools) 30027. Laborers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport (perform routine tasks) 30028. Armed forces 40001. Worker 40002. an association 40003. cleaning lady 40004. Coiffure 40005. cooker 40006. couture 40007. cuisinier 40008. Daily worker 40009. docteur 40010. doctor 40011. Dressmaker 40012. Employé 40013. employee 40014. Employee 40015. Femme de ménage 40016. femme de ménages 40017. Fonctionnaire 40018. Fonctionnaire dans l'ambassade 40019. Maid 40020. Moderator 40021. official 40022. Official 40023. ouvrier 40024. Pharmacist 40025. seamstress 40026. secretary 40027. Secretary 40028. Technician 40029. Tonic radio 99996. Other, not specified 74

V221_B Does the profession require a university degree? 1. Yes 5. No

V221_TK What (is/was) her main occupation? [Original Turkish response recorded in open-ended form] See data file for value labels

V222 How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household? If "1" means you are completely dissatisfied on this scale, and "10" means you are completely satisfied, where would you put your satisfaction with your household's financial situation? 1. Completely dissatisfied … … … 10. Completely satisfied

V223 During the past 12 months, did your family save money, just get by, spend some savings, or spend some savings and borrow money? 1. Save money 2. Just get by 3. Spent some savings 4. Spent savings and borrowed money

V224 Please tell me which of the following best suits your household situation. 1. Unable to meet basic needs without assistance 2. Able to meet basic needs 3. Able to meet basic needs and have some non-essential goods 4. Able to meet basic needs and have many non-essential goods 5. Able to meet basic needs and have most anything we like

V225 Compared to a year ago, would you say that your household’s economic situation has: 1. Gotten worse 2. Stayed the same 3. Improved

V226 Compared to other families in your community, do you think that your family’s standard of living is: 1. Much lower than others 2. A little lower than others 3. About the same as others 4. A little higher than others 5. Much higher than others

V227 People sometimes describe themselves as belonging to the working class, the middle class, or the upper or lower class. Would you describe yourself as belonging to the upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, or lower class? 1. Upper class

2. Upper middle class 3. Lower middle class 4. Working class 5. Lower class

V228 1 indicates the "country specific lowest income range decile" and 10 the "country specific highest income range decile". Please, specify the appropriate number, counting all wages, salaries, pensions and other incomes per year pre taxes/other deductions. 1. Country specific lowest income range decile 2. Country specific income range 2nd decile 3. Country specific income range 3rd decile 4. Country specific income range 4th decile 5. Country specific income range 5th decile 6. Country specific income range 6th decile 7. Country specific income range 7th decile 8. Country specific income range 8th decile 9. Country specific income range 9th decile 10. Country specific highest income range decile

V228_TN On this card is a scale of household incomes per month. We would like to know in what group your household is counting all wages, salaries, pensions, and other incomes that come in per month. Just give the number of the group your household falls into, before taxes and other deductions. 1. 3501+ Tunisian Dinars 2. 2,501-3,500 Tunisian Dinars 3. 1,501-2,500 Tunisian Dinars 4. 1,001-1,500 Tunisian Dinars 5. 501-1,000 Tunisian Dinars 6. 201-500 Tunisian Dinars 7. Less than 201 Tunisian Dinars

V229 During the interview the respondent was.... 1. Very interested 2. Somewhat interested 3. Not very interested

V230 Language of the interview 1. Arabic 2. Turkish 3. Kurdish 4. Turkish and Kurdish mixed 5. Konuşulm 7. Other

V231 Where did the interview take place? 101. In respondent's home 102. At respondent's doorstep 103. At respondent's place of work 104. At a coffee shop 76

105. Interview by telephone 201. BAHÇESİNDE 202. BAŞKA BİR ALANDA RANDEVU İLE GÖRÜŞÜLDÜ 203. CAMİ BAHÇESİNDE 204. EVİN BAHÇESİNDE 205. EVİNİN ALTINDA BAKKAL DÜKKANLARI VAR ORADA YAPILDI 206. GÖRÜŞMECİNİN EVİ İLE KURAN KURSU ARASINDAKİ YERDE 207. GÖRÜŞMECİNİN EVİNİN BAHÇESİNDE 208. KATILIMCI TARLADAYDI ORADA YAPILDI. HAYVANLARI OTLATIYORDU. 209. KATILIMCININ ANNESİNİN EVİNDE 210. KATILIMCININ ARACINDA 211. KATILIMCININ BABASI EVİNDE 212. KAYNININ EVİNDE 213. KOMŞUSUNDA 214. KÖY CAMİSİNDE (BAHÇESİNDE) 215. PAKTA (CAMİDEN ÇIKTIK PARKTA OTURUP) 216. RANDEVU İLE BULUŞARAK SİNOP MERKEZDE 217. SOKAKTA 301. In the car 302. In the mosque 303. In a garden 304. In a grocer 305. At the neighbors 306. In the hospital 307. In the street 308. In a driving school 309. On the beach 310. Local near his home 311. In a shop of a friend 312. In the house of his cousin 313. In the house of his daughter 314. In the house of his aunt 315. In the house of his brother 316. In the house of her uncle 317. In the house of his friend 318. In the office of her husband 319. In the office of her parents 320. In the office of her friend 321. In the office of his brother 322. In the office of his son 996. Other, not specified

V232 Please choose the best statement that describes your seating arrangement relative to the Respondent during interview 1 Next to respondent (facing the same way) 2 Next to respondent (facing at a right angle) 3 Across from respondent 4 Other seating arrangement

V233_A Who was present during the interview? V233_B 1. Father 77

V233_C 2. Mother V233_D 3. Husband V233_E 4. Wife V233_F 5. Brother 6. Sister 7. Son >18 years old 8. Daughter >18 years old 9. Son 13-17 years old 10. Daughter 13-17 years old 11. Son 9-12 years old 12. Daughter 9-12 years old 13. Son 4-9 years old 14. Daughter 4-9 years old 15. Son under 4 years old 16. Daughter under 4 years old 17. Father in-law 18. Mother in-law 19. Aunt 20. Uncle 21. Male Neighbor 22. Female Neighbor 23. Male Friend 24. Female Friend 25. Other, specified in v142_t1, v142_t2 26. No one was present 27. Don't Know

V233_H Additional people present during the interview, other specified 1. Brother-in-law 2. Children's cousin 3. Children’s sister 4. Colleague 5. Cousin 6. Customer 7. Daughter-in-law 8. Father-in-law 9. Fiance 10. Grandchildren 11. Grandmother 12. Grandsons 13. Husband of the sister 14. Maid 15. Neighbors' children 16. Niece 17. Refugees from Libya 18. Roommate 19. Sister-in-law 20. Son-in-law 21. Caretaker 22. Children 23. Friends

24. Neighbours 25. Nephew 26. Workers 97. Others

V234 During how much of the interview were any of the people present? 1. All the interview 2. Most of the interview 3. Some of the interview 4. A short period of interview

V235_A During which section/s was/were this person/these people present? V235_A1 [NOTE: Letter in variable name refers to section in original questionnaire] V235_ A2 1. Yes (present in section) V235_ A3 5. No (not present in section) V235_ A4 V235_ C V235_ D1 V235_ D2 V235_ D3 V235_ E V235_ F V235_ H V235_ I V235_ K1 V235_ K2 V235_K3 V235_K4 V235_ L

V236 Please select the appropriate phrase: 1. The person/s who was/were present could hear the questions and answers 2. The person/s who was/were present could hear the questions and answers, but they are too young to understand the content of the interview 3. The person/s who was/were present couldn’t hear the questions and answers

V237_A How did the presence of other persons affect the interview? [Select all that apply] V237_B 1. Person/s joined the interview, and you had to stop the interview until they left V237_C 2. Person/s joined the interview, you and the Respondent answered their V237_D questions or explained that privacy was needed, and they left V237_E 3. Person/s stayed in the room, but they could not hear the interview 4. Person/s stayed in the room, and they could hear the interview but they didn’t interfere or participate in the interview (V237_T1); The person/s who was/were present could hear the questions and answers, but they are too young to understand the content of the interview (v237_T2) 5. Person/s stayed in the room, and helped the Respondent with his/her answers V237_T1); Person/s stayed in the room, and they could hear the interview but they didn’t interfere or participate in the interview (v237_T2)

6. Person/s stayed in the room, and imposed answers on the respondent (V237_T1); Person/s stayed in the room, and helped the Respondent with his/her answers (v237_T2) 7. Person/s stayed in the room, which made the respondent conservative and not at ease (V237_T1); Person/s stayed in the room, and imposed answers on the respondent (v237_T2) 8. Other, unspecified (V237_T1); Person/s stayed in the room, which made the respondent conservative and not at ease (v237_T2) 9. No one was present during any time of the interview (v237_T2) 10. TN: Other, specified: No influence (v237_T2)// TK: Other, not specified (v237_T2)

V238 Which statement describes best the situation that lead to the presence of others during the interview? 1. Person/s was/were present in the same room and neither you or the Respondent asked them to leave 2. Person/s was/were present in the same room and you asked them to leave and they left 3. Person/s was/were present in the same room and you asked them to leave but they refused 4. Person/s was/were present in the same room and the Respondent asked them to leave and they left 5. Person/s was/were present in the same room and the Respondent asked them to leave but they refused 6. Person/s was/were present in the same room and you and the Respondent asked them to leave and they left 7. Person/s was/were present in the same room and you and the Respondent asked them to leave but they refused 8. Person/s was/were not present in the room and the Respondent invited them to stay and you did not mind 9. Person/s was/were not present in the room and the Respondent invited them to stay in spite of the fact that you asked for a private interview 10. Other, specified: Came in the room and left again 11. Other, specified: The son helped his father because he is sick 12. Other, specified: The husband doesn’t interfere in the interview 13. Other, specified: The father has just heard the introduction 14. Other, specified: sister did not influence the answers 15. Other, specified: She has welcomed us then left 16. Other, specified: The son attended until the end of the interview 17. Other, specified: No influence 18. Other, specified: It prevented the respondent to complete the questionnaire 19. Other, specified: Just to watch.

V239 Did the respondent discuss any political or religious topics with you? 1. Yes 2. No

V240 (FEMALE RESPONDENTS ONLY) How do you generally dress when you go shopping in the market? Just tell me the number on the card.

V241 MALE RESPONDENTS: Which of these images indicates the type of beard you wear? Just tell me the number on the card. FEMALE RESPONDENTS, IF MARRIED: Which of these images indicates the type of beard your husband wears? Just tell me the number on the card.

V242 If the respondent was female, please use Showcard 4 to record her veil status.

V243 If the respondent was male, please use the scale below to indicate whether he has a beard, and if so, its style.

V244 If the respondent was male, did he have a darker mark on his forward that is sometimes attributed to praying frequently? 1. Yes 2. No

V245_A Did you observe any objects or books at the respondent’s house that have religious V245_B meaning? V245_C 1. Verses of Quran (frames, mirrors, etc.) V245_D 2. Quran (in book form) 4. Misbaha (prayer beads) 5. Picture frames or objects of religious place such as Makkah, Kaaba, etc. 6. Christian or Jewish religious objects 7. Interviewer stayed outside or otherwise didn`t enter the house 8. No objects observed 9. Unsure if objects observed were religious 11. Esma-ul Husna 12. Prayer rug 96. Other, not specified

V246_TN Any other interviewer observations (string variable, country specific) V246_TK V246_TN

Non-Panel Variables

T1_V4_EG_TK How important is family in your life? 1. Very important 2. Rather important 3. Not very important 4. Not important at all

T1_V5_EG_TK _T2_V40_TK How important is religion in your life? 1. Very important 2. Rather important 3. Not very important 4. Not important at all

T1_V17_TN Now think about governmental laws and regulations. Which of the following statements comes closer to your sentiment: 1. I feel constrained by the number of governmental laws and regulations 2. There are not enough governmental laws and regulations to guide me 3. There are just about the right amount of governmental laws and regulations

T1_V27_TN To what extent are you satisfied with the performance of municipal authorities; that is, the mayor and other municipal officials? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V38_TN_T2_v81_TK How do you feel toward the current political leaders who are in power in [COUNTRY]? 1. I feel respect towards them 2. I feel secure in their presence 3. They make me upset 4. They make me angry 5. They make me feel contempt

T1_V39_TN To what extent do you think the new constitution will have a direct effect on Tunisian people’s lives? 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. None at all

T1_V23_EG_TK Among religious teachers, parents/guardians, and school teachers, who should be most responsible for the following: Teaching children about religion 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. None at all 83

T1_V24_EG_TK Among religious teachers, parents/guardians, and school teachers, who should be most responsible for the following: Teaching children about politics 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. None at all

T1_V25_EG_TK Among religious teachers, parents/guardians, and school teachers, who should be most responsible for the following: Teaching children about history 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. None at all

T1_V26_EG_TK Among religious teachers, parents/guardians, and school teachers, who should be most responsible for the following: Teaching children about science 1. A lot 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. None at all

T1_V34_EG_TK Next, I will read you a list of traits that women can have. For each one, please tell me whether you think it is very important, important, somewhat important, not very important, or not at all important for women to have that trait: Being religious? 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Not very important 5. Not at all important

T1_V35_EG_TK Next, I will read you a list of traits that women can have. For each one, please tell me whether you think it is very important, important, somewhat important, not very important, or not at all important for women to have that trait: Being educated? 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Not very important 5. Not at all important

T1_V36_EG_TK Next, I will read you a list of traits that women can have. For each one, please tell me whether you think it is very important, important, somewhat important, not very important, or not at all important for women to have that trait: Having a job outside the home? 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Not very important 5. Not at all important 84

T1_V37_EG_TK Now think about governmental laws and regulations. Which of the following statements comes closer to your sentiment: 3. I feel constrained by the number of customs and habits that exist in my society 4. There are not enough customs and habits in my society to guide me 5. There are just about the right amount of customs and habits in my society

T1_V38_EG_TK Now think about governmental laws and regulations. Which of the following statements comes closer to your sentiment: 1. I feel constrained by the number of governmental laws and regulations 2. There are not enough governmental laws and regulations to guide me 3. There are just about the right amount of governmental laws and regulations

T1_V46_EG_V50_TK Among the following, which problems for your country do you consider very important (very serious), important, somewhat important, least important, or not important? The exploitation of this country's natural resources by powerful countries? 1. Very important 2. Important 3. Somewhat important 4. Not very important 5. Not at all important

T1_V105_TK_V59_TN Which of the following is the most important attribute of Allah? [NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF R ANSWERS BOTH, CLARIFY: I KNOW WHAT YOU MEAN BUT WHICH ONE COMES CLOSER TO YOUR MIND WHEN YOU TALK OF GOD?] 1. Any infraction of Allah's law will bring about Allah's severe punishments 2. Allah is forgiving and kind

T1_v53_EG_v57_TK How important is it for you to live in a country that is governed democratically? On this scale where 1 means it is “not at all important” and 10 means “absolutely important” what position would you choose? 1. Very important 10. Not at all important

T1_v55_EG_v59_TK Do you believe the politicians of [COUNTRY] agree on political and social issues always, most of the time, occasionally, or never? 1. Always 2. Most of the time 3. Occasionally 4. Never

T1_v56_EG_v60_TK How often are diverse views represented in your country’s political system – all of the time, most of the time, occasionally, or never? 1. Always 2. Most of the time 3. Occasionally 4. Never 85

T1_v65_EG_v69_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Equality between women and men -- if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries, would equality between women and men increase a lot, increase a little, decrease a little, or decrease a lot? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v66_EG_v70_TKK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Faith in Allah? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v67_EG_v71_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Restrictions on personal freedom? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v68_EG_v72_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Parents choosing who their children marry ? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v69_EG_v73_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: The influence of religion on politics? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v70_EG_v74_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Freedom to mix with the opposite sex? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v71_EG_v75_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: The number of children couples have? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v72_EG_v76_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Following the teachings of the (Quran/Bible)? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v73_EG_v77_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: If [COUNTRY] became more like western countries, would age at marriage increase a lot, increase a little, decrease a little, or decrease a lot? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v74_EG_v78_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Selfish people? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v75_EG_v79_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Democracy? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v76_EG_v80_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Immodest dress? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v77_EG_v81_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Respect for elders? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 87

4. Decrease a lot

T1_v78_EG_v82_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Emphasis on material possessions? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v79_EG_v83_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: The number of educated individuals running the national economy? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v80_EG_v84_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: The overall standard of living? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v81_EG_v85_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: The role of science and technology in people's lives? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_v82_EG_v86_TK Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more like western countries: Respect for human rights? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V108_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics. First, how about family members - do you trust what they tell you about the role of religion in politics a great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V109_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics: Friends? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V110_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics: Local religious leaders? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V111_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics: Tele-evangelists (da'ya)? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V112_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics: Political leaders? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V113_EG Let’s talk about a bit about the people you trust in giving you information about the role of religion in politics: Tribal leaders? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V116_EG Now, the next set of questions talk about many different aspects of the Muslim [Christian (for Christian respondents)] religion. Generally speaking, do you think that the religious authorities in this country are giving adequate answers to: the moral problems and needs of the individual? 1. Yes 2. No

T1_V117_EG The problems of family life? 1. Yes 2. No

T1_V118_EG People's spiritual needs? 1. Yes 2. No

T1_V119_EG The social problems facing [COUNTRY] today? 89

1. Yes 2. No

T1_V66_TN Now I’m going to ask you some questions about politics. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements? People’s freedom of expression must be protected even if it is contrary to: Your personal beliefs? 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V67_TN People’s freedom of expression must be protected even if it is contrary to: Your religion? 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V68_TN People’s freedom of expression must be protected even if it is contrary to: The Tunisian government? 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V69_TN I am going to read you two statements about tourism in Tunisia and I’d like you to tell me which comes closer to how you feel. 1. Tourism is important for economic development in Tunisia. 2. Tourism makes people less religious

T1_V70_TN When you get together with your friends or relatives, would you say you discuss political matters a lot, sometimes, rarely, or never? 1. A lot 2. Sometimes 3. Rarely 4. Never

T1_V133_TK_V77_TN When you decide to participate in various types of political actions, how much do you rely on the opinions of the following people? Family 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V134_TK_V78_TN Friends and peers? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all 90

T1_V135_TK_V79_TN Religious figures? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V136_TK_V80_TN Political leaders? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V137_TK_V81_TN Journalists or press? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V138_TK_V82_TN And, what about rumors you hear from other people? How often do you rely on those: A great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V83_TN How likely is it that you will participate in the following activities in the next 12 months? Please use a scale from 1 to 4, where 1 means that you are extremely unlikely to participate in the following activity, and 4 means that you are extremely likely to participate in the activity. Sign a petition 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V84_TN Attend a non-violent protest, march, or sit-in? 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V85_TN Attend a demonstration to support a political figure or party? 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V86_TN Participate in a political activity in which there was the possibility of being arrested? 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V87_TN Participate in a political activity in which you feared for your personal safety? 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V88_TN Participate in a violent political activity that might lead to property damage or injury of others? 1. Extremely unlikely 2. Somewhat unlikely 3. Somewhat likely 4. Extremely likely

T1_V93_TN People sometimes talk about what the goals of this country should be for the next ten years. On card 19 are listed some of the goals which different people give different top priority. Which of the following goals do you consider as a top priority for Tunisia? 1. A high level of economic growth 2. Establish democracy and the rule of law 3. The establishment of an Islamic state 4. Maintaining security

T1_V94_TN And which would be the next most important? 1. A high level of economic growth 2. Establish democracy and the rule of law 3. The establishment of an Islamic state 4. Maintaining security

T1_V97_TN Only through scientific knowledge are humans able to fully understand the meaning of life. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V98_TN Only through technological innovations are people able to establish a safe, secure, and prosperous society. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V99_TN Only scientific knowledge is capable of providing the path to happiness. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V102_TN In your opinion, how much do the current government officials care what people like you think? Would you say a great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V103_TN How much can people like you affect what the current government does? Would you say a great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V118_TK On a scale of 1 to 10, where do you place your view on this scale, where “1” indicates that you completely disagree and “10” that you completely agree: We depend too much on our religion and not enough on science. 1. Strongly Agree … … … 10. Strongly Disagree

N/A T2_V119_TK On the scale of 1 to 10, where do you place your view on this scale, where ‘1’ indicates that you completely rely on religion and ‘10’ you completely rely on science on the following issues: To fully understand the meaning of life? 1. Strongly Agree … … … 10. Strongly Disagree

N/A T2_V120_TK On a scale of 1 to 10, where do you place your view on this scale, where “1” indicates that you completely disagree and “10” that you completely agree: To be able to build a happy life? 1. Strongly Agree … … … 10. Strongly Disagree

N/A T2_V121_TK On a scale of 1 to 10, where do you place your view on this scale, where “1” indicates that you completely disagree and “10” that you completely agree: To establish a safe, secure, and prosperous society? 1. Strongly Agree … … … 10. Strongly Disagree

T1_V110_TN N/A I am going to read you a series of statements about life in Tunisia today. Please tell me how much you agree or disagree: In general, Tunisian society is fair. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V111_TN N/A Everyone is free to say what they think. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V112_TN N/A The political system operates the way it should. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V113_TN N/A Society is set up so people usually get what they deserve. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V114_TN N/A Everyone has a fair shot at economic prosperity. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V115_TN N/A Society needs to be radically restructured. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V116_TN N/A Everybody is free to decide whether or not to practice a religion. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree 94

T1_V117_TN N/A Tunisia is the best country in the world to live in. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V118_TN N/A In general, government policies serve the interests of the Tunisian people. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V119_TN N/A I am going to read you a series of questions about types of actions and ask how capable you feel about carrying them out in this country, Tunisia, nowadays. Please use a scale where “1” means “a great deal”, “2” means “some”, “3” means “not very much” and “4” “not at all”. Stating your own political opinion openly 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V120_TN N/A Make certain that political representatives honor their commitments to the electorate. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V121_TN N/A Play a role in the choice of the leaders of political movements to which you support. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V122_TN N/A Campaign for the political movement or party that you support. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V123_TN N/A Promote the chances of election of political candidates you support. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V124_TN N/A Collect money to support the activities of your party. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V193_TN N/A Now I'd like you to look at this Show Card and think about actions you may have taken during the revolutionary movement against the regime of former President of Tunisia, Zain al-Abedin Ben Ali, from December 17, 2010, to January 14, 2011. I'm going to read out some types of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things a lot, sometimes, rarely, or not at all between December 17, 2010, and January 14, 2011. Participated in discussions with family and friends against the regime? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V194_TN N/A Made financial contributions to anti-regime groups or people? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V195_TN N/A Participation in anti-regime demonstrations? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V196_TN N/A Organized and encouraged other people to participate in anti-regime efforts? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

T1_V252l_EG_V197_TN N/A Thinking about all of your responses to the questions I just asked you about your participation in anti-regime discussions and efforts, how much do you think you participated during the revolutionary movement, on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is no participation at all, and 10 is utmost participation? 1. Minimum to no participation … … … 10. Utmost participation

T1_V198_TN N/A In September 2012 there was an attack on the U.S. Embassy and American school in Tunis in September 2012. Do you strongly approve, approve, disapprove, or strongly disapprove of these attacks? 1. Strongly approve 2. Approve 3. Disapprove 4. Strongly disapprove

T1_V140_EG N/A Next, we are interested in your views concerning business and the economy here in [COUNTRY]. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. 1. Incomes should be made more equal 10. We need larger income differences as incentives for individuals

T1_V141_EG N/A 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. 1. Private ownership of business and industry should be increased 10. Government ownership of business and industry should be increased

T1_V142_EG_V139_TK_V140_TN N/A 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. 1. People can only get rich at the expense of others 10. People can get rich without being at the expense of others

T1_V143_EG_V140_TK_V141_TN N/A 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. 1. Competition is good 10. Competition is bad

T1_V144_EG_V141_TK_V142_TN N/A 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. 1. The government should take more responsibility to ensure that everyone is provided for 10. People should take more responsibility to provide for themselves

T1_V145_EG_V142_TK_V143_TN N/A Generally speaking, would you say that this country’s economy is run by a few big influential people and organizations who are looking out for themselves only or that it is run for the benefit of all the people? 1. Run by a few big interests 2. Run for all the people

T1_V146_EG_V143_TK_V144_TN N/A Let’s talk about people from other countries coming here to work. Which one of the following do you think the government should do – let anyone come who wants to, let people come as long as there are jobs available, place strict limits on the number of foreigners who can come here, or prohibit people coming here from other countries? 1. Let anyone come who wants to 2. Let people come as long as there are jobs available 3. Place strict limits on the number of foreigners who can come here 4. Prohibit people coming here from other countries

T1_V147_EG_V144_TK N/A Some people think that [COUNTRY] will become more developed in the future. Let’s talk about what things would increase and what things would decrease if [COUNTRY] became more developed. If [COUNTRY] became more developed, over time would equality between women and men increase a lot, increase a little, decrease a little, or decrease a lot? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V148_EG_V145_TK N/A Faith in Allah – if [COUNTRY] became more developed, over time would faith in Allah increase a lot, increase a little, decrease a little, or decrease a lot? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V149_EG_V146_TK N/A Restrictions on personal freedom? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V150_EG_V147_TK N/A Parents choosing who their children marry? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V151_EG_V148_TK N/A The influence of religion on politics? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V152_EG_V149_TK N/A Freedom to mix with the opposite sex? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V153_EG_V150_TK N/A The number of children couples have? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V154_EG_V151_TK N/A Following the teachings of the Quran [Bible for Christian respondents)]? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V155_EG_V152_TK N/A If [COUNTRY] became more developed, over time would age at marriage increase a lot, increase a little, decrease a little, or decrease a lot? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V156_EG_V153_TK N/A Selfish people? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V157_EG_V154_TK N/A Democracy? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V158_EG_V155_TK N/A Immodest dress? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V159_EG_V156_TK N/A Respect for elders? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V160_EG_V157_TK N/A Emphasis on material possessions? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V161_EG_V158_TK N/A Respect for human rights? 1. Increase a lot 2. Increase a little 3. Decrease a little 4. Decrease a lot

T1_V162_EG_V159_TK N/A Now we are going to talk about something different – what might happen to [COUNTRY] if some things about [COUNTRY]’s everyday life changed. For each of the following things, please tell me whether you think it would help make [COUNTRY] more developed or help make [COUNTRY] less developed. What if there is more equality between women and men -- would that help make [COUNTRY] a lot more developed, a little more developed, a little less developed, or a lot less developed? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V163_EG_V160_TK N/A If faith in Allah increases -- would that help make [COUNTRY] a lot more developed, a little more developed, a little less developed, or a lot less developed? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V164_EG_V161_TK N/A If restrictions on personal freedom increase? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V165_EG_V162_TK N/A If more parents choose who their children marry? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V166_EG_V163_TK N/A If the influence of religion on politics increases? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V167_EG_V164_TK N/A If the freedom to mix with the opposite sex increases? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

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T1_V168_EG_V165_TK N/A If couples have fewer children? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V169_EG_V166_TK N/A If belief in the truth of the Quran [Bible (for Christian respondents)] increases? 1. A lot more developed 2. A little more developed 3. A little less developed 4. A lot less developed

T1_V170_EG_V167_TK N/A We have been talking about making [COUNTRY] more developed. Which one of these five things would help the most to make [COUNTRY] more developed – more democracy, more freedom of choice over one’s own life, more religiosity, more gender equality, or more integrity in government officials? 1. More democracy 2. More freedom of choice over one’s own life 3. More religiosity 4. More gender equality 5. More integrity in government officials

T1_V171_EG_V168_TK N/A We have been talking about making [COUNTRY] more developed. Which one of these five things would help the most to make [COUNTRY] more developed – more democracy, more freedom of choice over one’s own life, more religiosity, more gender equality, or more integrity in government officials? 1. More democracy 2. More freedom of choice over one’s own life 3. More religiosity 4. More gender equality 5. More integrity in government officials

T1_V172_EG_V169_TK N/A We would like you to think about development in different countries around the world today. We will be talking about countries as different as Japan and Bangladesh. Think of a development scale that rates countries from one to ten. The least developed places in the world are rated one and the most developed places in the world are rated ten. You can use both of those numbers for rating countries plus all of the numbers in between. Now, using this development scale, where would you put… France? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

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T1_V173_EG_V170_TK N/A Yemen? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V174_EG_V171_TK N/A Egypt? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V175_EG_V172_TK N/A The UAE? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V176_EG_V173_TK N/A Sudan? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V177_EG_V174_TK N/A Iran? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V178_EG_V175_TK N/A Saudi Arabia? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V179_EG_V176_TK N/A The U.S? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

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T1_V180_EG N/A China? (For Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia) OR Study Site Country (For Lebanon, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey) 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V177_TK N/A Turkey? 1. Low Development … … … 10. High Development

T1_V191_EG_V188_TK_V151_TN N/A How often does allowing men and women to work together in public places lead to moral decay – always, most of the time, occasionally, or never? 1. Always 2. Most of the time 3. Occasionally 4. Never

T1_V192_EG_V189_TK_V152_TN N/A I will read you a list of behaviors. Behaviors that are immoral are rated one and behaviors that are moral are rated ten. You can use both of those numbers for rating behaviors plus all of the numbers in between. Using this scale where 1 is immoral and 10 is moral, where would you put: Stealing other people’s property? 1. Immoral … … … 10. Moral

T1_V193_EG_V190_TK_V153_TN N/A Violence against other people? 1. Immoral … … … 10. Moral

T1_V194_EG_V191_TK_V154_TN N/A Premarital sex? 1. Immoral … … … 10. Moral

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T1_V195_EG_V192_TK_V155_TN N/A Telling lies to other people to protect one’s own interests? 1. Immoral … … … 10. Moral

T1_V192A_TK_V125_TN N/A People have different views about the factors that lead to the total decay of society and its failure to satisfy the various needs of the individual. In your view, which one of the following is the most important cause of the decadence of society? 1. Economic backwardness 2. Religious extremism 3. Mistreatment of women 4. Abandoning religious values 5. Lack of support for science and technology 6. Political despotism

T1_V192B_TK_V126_TN N/A And which one is the second most important cause? 1. Economic backwardness 2. Religious extremism 3. Mistreatment of women 4. Abandoning religious values 5. Lack of support for science and technology 6. Political despotism

T1_V192C_TK_V127_TN N/A Now, which of the following factors are most important in helping societies to overcome decadence? 1. Development of science and technology 2. The establishment of an Islamic system 3. Democratic system 4. Gender equality

T1_V197_EG_V194_TK_V157_TN N/A What is your ethnic origin? (CHOOSE ONE ETHNICITY ONLY) 101. From Nile Delta 102. From Upper Egypt

201. Turkish 202. Kurdish 203. Arabian 211. Alevý 212. Arnavut 213. Azerý 214. Baba Kürt Anne Türk 215. Bulgarýstan 216. Çerkez 217. Çýngene 218. Fars 219. Hem Türk Hem Kürt 220. Irak 221. Laz 104

222. Melez Türk Ve Klik 223. Moldova 224. Roman 225. Ýnsan Etnýk Köken Önemlý Deðýl 226. Zaza

301. Arabic 302. Berber 303. Turkish 304. Moorish 310. Espagnol 311. Amazighy 312. Algérien 313. Iraqui 314. Italie 315. Malti 316. Marocain 317. Tunisian 318. Egyptian 319. Libby 320. Saudi 997. Other (not specified)

T1_V204_EG_V201_TK_V167_TN N/A Please tell us if you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statement: It is not possible to live happily in this world. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

T1_V243_EG_V241_TK_V199_TN N/A Next we will talk about the characteristics of a good government. Which of the following two statements comes closest to the way you feel? 1. A good government implements only the law of the shari’a [laws inspired by Christian/Hindu values (for Christian/Hindu respondents)] 2. A good government makes laws according to the people’s wishes

T1_V244_EG_V242_TK_V200_TN N/A Next we will talk about the characteristics of a good government. Which of the following two statements comes closest to the way you feel? 1. It would be better for [COUNTRY] if more people with strong religious views held public office 2. It would be better for [COUNTRY] if more people with strong commitment to national interests held public office

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T1_V244_TK T2_v192_TK Some people say that the following things are truly important for being Turkish. Others say they are not important. How important to you are each of the following: To have been born in Turkey 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V245_TK T2_v193_TK To have Turkish citizenship 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V246_TK T2_v194_TK To have lived in Turkey for most of one’s life 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V247_TK T2_v195_TK To be able to speak Turkish To have been born in Turkey 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V248_TK T2_v196_TK To be Muslim To have been born in Turkey 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V249_TK T2_v197_TK To respect Turkish political institutions and laws 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V250_TK T2_v198_TK To feel Turkish 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 4. Not at all important

T1_V251_TK T2_v199_TK To have Turkish ancestry 1. Very important 2. Fairly important 3. Not very important 106

4. Not at all important

T1_V252_TK T2_v200_TK Should university students be free to wear the turban? 1. Yes 2. No

T1_v215_TN N/A People have different feelings about political leaders. Now we’re going to ask you just a few more questions about your personal feelings regarding political leaders in Tunisia. Using this show card, where 1 is “Strongly disagree” and 7 is “Strongly agree”, how do you feel about the following statements? I feel contempt when thinking about Tunisian political leaders. 1. Strongly disagree | 7. Strongly agree

T1_v216_TN N/A I feel disgust when thinking about Tunisian political leaders. 1. Strongly disagree | 7. Strongly agree

T1_v217_TN N/A I feel anger when thinking about Tunisian political leaders. 1. Strongly disagree | 7. Strongly agree

T1_v218_TN N/A I feel respect toward them when thinking about Tunisian political leaders. 1. Strongly disagree | 7. Strongly agree

T1_v219_TN N/A I feel secure in their presence when thinking about Tunisian political leaders. 1. Strongly disagree | 7. Strongly agree

N/A T2_V1_EG_TK_TN I would like to begin by asking a few questions about changes that have occurred in your life since the last time we talked, around June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN). Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN), have there been any changes in your family? Have you: 1. Married 2. Separated 3. Divorced 4. Widowed 5. No change

107

N/A T2_V2_EG_TK_TN Have there been any births in your immediate family since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN)? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V3_B_EG_TK_TN_A Congratulations! Who in the family had a baby? T2_V3_B_EG_TK_TN_B 1. Female respondent or respondent’s wife T2_V3_B_EG_TK_TN_C 2. Respondent’s brother/sister/brother-in-law/sister-in/law 3. Respondent’s child 11. Parents 12. Grandchild 13. Aunt/Uncle 14. Niece/Nephew 15. Cousin 96. Other, not specified 97. No births

N/A T2_V4_EG_TK_TN Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN), have you been enrolled in any educational program, even for just a short time? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V5_EG_TK_TN Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN), have you quit school? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V6_EG_TK_V7_TN Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN), have you lost your job? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V7_EG_TK_V6_TN Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK/TN), have you started a new job? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V8_EG_TK Since June 2011 (EG)/ June 2013 (TK), have you experienced bankruptcy? 1. Yes 2. No

N/A T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN A lot of things have happened in [Egypt since June 2011/Turkey since June 2013/Tunisia since June 2013] as well. Now I would like to talk about some of those events. What was the most important event that occurred in [COUNTRY] since the last time we talked? 101. The election of Morsi to presidency 102. Constitutional referendum 103. Attacks on Copts 104. Morsi deposed 105. Election of al-Sisi to the presidency 106. Muslim Brothers gathering at Raba Square 107. Arrest and detainment of Muslim Brothers 108. Parliamentary elections 2012 109. Dissolution of 2012 Parliament 108

110. 30 June Revolution 111. Economic instability 112. Trials of previous political leaders 113. Bombing of Russian airline out of Sharm el-Sheikh 114. Port Said Massacre 115. Opening of the Suez Canal 116. Italian student killed in Egypt 117. Corruption cases 118. One million Fadden project 119. Egypt vs. Ghana football match 120. January 25 Revolution 121. Rabaa sit-in 122. Security issues 123. Sugar crisis 124. Terrorism in Sinai 125. Zamalek winning

201. Gezi Park protests, Summer 2013 202. Corruption Operation on the 17th – 25th of December 203. Syrian refugee crisis 204. Soma mining accident 205. Presidential election, August 2014 206. Turkish general elections, June 2015 207. Turkish general elections, November 2015 208. The conflict between Fatullah Gulan movement and the government 209. The breakdown of the peace process with PKK 210. Bombing at peace rally in Ankara, October 2015 211. Turkish fighter jets shoot down Russian warplane that Turkey claims entered its airspace 212. Istanbul terrorist attack in January 2016 213. Animal rights 214. Child abuse 215. Construction of the third bridge in Ista 216. Corruption 217. Divorce 218. Economic issues 219. Education 220. Fettullah Gulen 221. Fighting against Zionism 222. Foreign policy 223. Globalism 224. Government separation/Democracy and law 225. Health 226. Inequity 227. Investment in transportation 228. Kobani 229. Kurdish conflict 230. Restrictions on press and civil liberties 231. Terrorist attacks 232. Decrease in tourism 233. Unemployment 109

234. U.S currency 235. Violence against women 236. Wars in the world

301. Parliamentary elections 302. Presidential elections 303. National dialog of civil society leaders 304. Tunisian constitution adopted 305. Meeting between leader of Nafta and Nehda in Paris (Ghanoucchi and Beji Caid el Sebsi) 306. Resignation of Ali Laarayedh 307. New government of Mehdi Jomaa 308. Mbarka Brahmi’s Parliamentary candidacy 309. Brahmi assassination 310. Mont Chaambi attack 311. Attack on soldiers and Sokrat Cherni in Sidi Bouzid 312. Influx of Libyan displaced persons 313. Assassination of of Kamel Ghadghadi and other Ansar al-Shariah members involved in Brahmi assassination 314. Incident at Bardo Museum in Tunis 315. Oued Ellil incident 316. Raoued incident 320. Worsening economy 321. Events Phosphate Gafsa 322. Rising prices 323. The new government 324. Lack of security 325. The events of bouchoucha 326. The abduction of the two journalists, Sofienne and Nadhir, in Libya 327. Ennahda has no power to govern 328. Daach 329. Train Crash 330. Political conflicts 331. Troika is no longer in the government 332. Deterioration in the country's situation 333. The attack against the house of the Minister of the Interior to Lotfi Ben Jedou 334. Floods 335. Terrorism 336. Strikes 337. Strikes of the teacher 338. Petroleum campaign 339. Deterioration of living standards 340. Attack in Sousse 341. The killing of soldiers

995. Expressed disinterest in politics or in talking about politics 996. Other, not specified 997. All of them 998. None of them

110

N/A T2_V9_TN How significant was this event? [Event specified in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN] 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant

N/A T2_V10_EG Now, I am going to read you a list of events in Egypt since June 2011. For each event, I would like you to tell me first, if you have heard of it. Then, if you have heard of it, please tell me whether you thought the event was very significant, somewhat significant, not very significant, or not at all significant.

Election of Morsi to presidency 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V11_EG Constitutional referendum 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V12_EG Attacks on Coptic Christians 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V13_EG Morsi deposed 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

111

N/A T2_V14_EG Election of al-Sisi to the presidency 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V15_EG Muslim Brothers gathering at Raba Square 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V16_EG Arrest and detainment of the Muslim Brothers 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V17_EG Parliamentary elections 2012 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V18_EG The dissolution of 2012 Parliament 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

112

N/A T2_V19_EG 30 June Revolution 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V20_EG Economic instability 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V21_EG Trials of previous political leaders 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V22_EG Bombing of Russian airline out of Sharm el-Sheikh 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V22_1_EG Port Said Massacre 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

113

N/A T2_V22_2_EG Opening of Suez Canal 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V22_3_EG Italian student killed in Egypt 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V22_4_EG Corruption cases 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V22_5_EG One million Fadden project 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V10_TK Now, I am going to read you a list of events in Turkey since June 2013. For each event, I would like you to tell me first, if you have heard of it. Then, if you have heard of it, please tell me whether you thought the event was very significant, somewhat significant, not very significant, or not at all significant.

Gezi Park protests, Summer 2013 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

114

N/A T2_V11_TK Corruption Operation on the 17th – 25th of December 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V12_TK Syrian refugee crisis 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V13_TK Soma mining accident 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V14_TK Presidential election, August 2014 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V15_TK Turkish general elections, June 2015 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V16_TK Turkish general elections, November 2015 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V17_TK The conflict between Fatullah Gulan movement and the government 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

115

N/A T2_V18_TK The breakdown of the peace process with PKK 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V19_TK Bombing at peace rally in Ankara, October 2015 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V20_TK Turkish fighter jets shoot down Russian warplane that Turkey claims entered its airspace 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V21_TK Istanbul terrorist attack in January 2016 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event

N/A T2_V10_TN Now, I am going to read you a list of events in Tunisia since June 2013. For each event, I would like you to tell me first, if you have heard of it. Then, if you have heard of it, please tell me whether you thought the event was very significant, somewhat significant, not very significant, or not at all significant.

Parliamentary elections 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V11_TN Presidential elections 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN) 116

N/A T2_V12_TN National dialog of civil society leaders 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V13_TN The adoption of the Tunisian constitution 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V14_TN Meeting between leader of Nafta and Nehda in Paris (Ghanoucchi and Beji Caid el Sebsi) 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V15_TN Resignation of Ali Laarayedh 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V16_TN New government of Mehdi Jomaa 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

117

N/A T2_V17_TN Mbarka Brahmi’s Parliamentary candidacy 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V18_TN Brahmi assassination 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V19_TN Mont Chaambi attack 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V20_TN Attack on soldiers and Sokrat Cherni in Sidi Bouzid 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V21_TN Influx of Libyan displaced persons 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

118

N/A T2_V22_TN Assassination of Kamel Ghadghadi and other Ansar al-Shariah members involved in Brahmi assassination 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V23_TN Incident at Bardo Museum in Tunis 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V24_TN Oued Ellil incident 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V25_TN Raoued incident 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V9_EG_TK_V8_TN)

N/A T2_V23_EG_V22_TK_V26_TN I am going to give you a card that lists the events I just asked you about. Among those you have heard of, which would you say seems to you most important?

101. The election of Morsi to presidency 102. Constitutional referendum 103. Attacks on Copts 104. Morsi deposed 105. Election of al-Sisi to the presidency 106. Muslim Brothers gathering at Raba Square 107. Arrest and detainment of Muslim Brothers 108. Parliamentary elections 2012 109. Dissolution of 2012 Parliament 110. 30 June Revolution 111. Economic instability 119

112. Trials of previous political leaders 113. Bombing of Russian airline out of Sharm el-Sheikh 114. Port Said Massacre 115. Opening of the Suez Canal 116. Italian student killed in Egypt 117. Corruption cases 118. One million Fadden project 119. Egypt vs. Ghana football match (volunteered) 123. Sugar crisis (volunteered) 126. Economic issues (volunteered)

201. Gezi Park protests, Summer 2013 202. Corruption Operation on the 17th – 25th of December 203. Syrian refugee crisis 204. Soma mining accident 205. Presidential election, August 2014 206. Turkish general elections, June 2015 207. Turkish general elections, November 2015 208. The conflict between Fatullah Gulan movement and the government 209. The breakdown of the peace process with PKK 210. Bombing at peace rally in Ankara, October 2015 211. Turkish fighter jets shoot down Russian warplane that Turkey claims entered its airspace 212. Istanbul terrorist attack in January 2016 213. Animal rights (volunteered) 214. Child abuse (volunteered) 222. Foreign policy (volunteered) 224. Government separation/Democracy and law (volunteered) 229. Kurdish conflict (volunteered) 231. Terrorist attacks (volunteered) 235. Violence against women (volunteered) 237. Human rights (volunteered) 238. ISIS (volunteered) 239. Not seeking peace (volunteered) 240. Presidential system (volunteered) 241. Relations with EU (volunteered) 242. Wrong policy of AKP (volunteered)

312. Influx of Libyan displaced persons 313. Assassination of of Kamel Ghadghadi and other Ansar al-Shariah members involved in Brahmi assassination 314. Incident at Bardo Museum in Tunis 315. Oued Ellil incident 316. Raoued incident 320. Worsening economy (volunteered) 321. Events Phosphate Gafsa (volunteered) 325. The events of bouchoucha (volunteered) 329. Train Crash (volunteered) 334. Floods (volunteered) 335. Terrorism (volunteered) 336. Strikes (volunteered) 338. Petroleum campaign (volunteered) 339. Deterioration of living standards (volunteered) 340. Attack in Sousse (volunteered) 341. The killing of soldiers (volunteered)

995. Expressed disinterest in politics or in talking about politics 996. Other, not specified 997. All of them

N/A T2_V24_EG_V23_TK How much were you emotionally affected by [event specified in T2_V23_EG_V22_TK_V26_TN]? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V25_EG_V24_TK To what extent did [event specified in T2_V23_EG_V22_TK_V26_TN] change your perspective? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V27_TN How stressful was [event specified in T2_V23_EG_V22_TK_V26_TN]? 1. Very stressful 2. Somewhat stressful 3. Not very stressful 4. Not at all stressful

121

N/A T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN What was the most important event that occurred outside COUNTRY since the last time we talked in [Egypt since June 2011/Turkey since June 2013/Tunisia since June 2013]?

101. ISIS attacks 102. Israeli-Palestinian conflict 103. Syrian civil war 104. Iraqi civil war 105. Nuclear negotiations between Iran and the international community 110. Political unrest in Egypt 111. Mursi deposed in Egypt 112. The election of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as Egypt's new president 113. Political violence in Egypt 114. Terrorist attacks in Paris 115. Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris 116. November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris 117. Armed conflict in Libya 118. National dialog in Libya 119. Unrest in Lebanon due to Syria 120. Yemen civil war 121. Crisis in Greece 122. Bombing of Russian airline out of Sharm el-Sheikh 123. Refugee crisis in Europe 124. Terrorist attacks in Tunisia 125. San Bernardino attacks in December 2015 126. Coup in Turkey 127. The crash of France plane 128. Building El-Nahda Dam 129. Terrorist incident in Germany 130. Muslim students killed in the U.S. 201. Arab countries dividing 202. Crisis between Egypt and Saudi Arabia 203. Russia's intervention in Middle East 204. USA Presidential election 301. Acceptance of many countries to EU 302. Approval of Armenian genocide by foreign 303. Arrest of Reza Zarrabs in US 304. Attacks on Pakistan 305. Bombs (Germany) 306. Bombs at Brussel 307. Bombs at Spain 308. Civil War 309. Death of Syrian Refugees on Mediterranean 310. Imperialism 311. Kill of Turks in Germany 312. Kill of two women terrorist (in Paris?) 313. Last events in Switzerland 314. Loosing friends of Turkey 315. Nuclear Power of North Korea 316. Peace 317. PKK demonstrations in Belgium (most like 122

318. PYD-Kurdish 319. Re-start of terrorist activities 320. Rejecting DAVOS 321. Russia 322. School attack in Norway 323. Social Exclusion of Turks in Germany 324. Terror 325. The conflict in the Middle East 326. The fallen soldiers 327. The refugees in Turkey 328. The wars in Muslim World 329. Threats against to Turkey 330. Traveling to USA without Visa 331. Turkey is perceived as Enemy 332. Turning the face of EU to Turkey 333. UK's help to PKK 334. UN's efforts to dividing Turkey 335. US - Syria relations 336. War of sects 337. Wrong foreign policies 401. The Kuwait event 402. Natural disasters 403. The assassination of the Jordanian driver by daech 404. The assassination of Algerian terrorism in France 405. The fall of the regime ikhwane in Egypt 406. Trial of Hosni Moubarek 407. The manifestation of Rabaa adaoui in Egypt 408. The killing of Muslims in Burma 409. The disappearance of Islamic monuments in Syria 410. Detention of 10 Tunisian in Tunisia embassy in Libya 411. Success of Ataturk experience in Turkey 412. The imposition of the death penalty of morsi 413. The murder of a young Tunisian in Paris 414. Alliance between Saudi Arabia and Egypt 415. The execution of the protesters in Egypt 416. Burn journalist in Syria 417. The abduction of the two journalists, Sofienne and Nadhir, in Libya 418. The earthquake in Nepal 419. Terrorism 420. The events of Saudi Arabia and Yemen 421. Egyptians killed in Libya 422. The fall of the German aircraft in France 423. Corruption in FIFA 995. Expressed disinterest in politics or in talking about politics 996. Other, not specified 997. All of them 998. None of them

123

N/A T2_V29_TN How significant was [event specified in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN]? 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant

N/A T2_V27_EG_v27_TK_v31_TN Now I am going to read you a list of events outside of [COUNTRY] [Egypt since June 2011/Turkey since June 2013/Tunisia since June 2013]. For each event, I would like you to tell me first, if you have heard of it. Then, if you have heard of it, please tell me whether you thought the event was very significant, somewhat significant, not very significant, or not at all significant:

Morsi deposed in Egypt 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V27_EG_v27_TK_v31_TN ISIS attacks 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V28_EG_v28_TK_v33_TN Israeli-Palestinian conflict 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V29_EG_v29_TK_v34_TN Syrian civil war 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

124

N/A T2_V31_EG_v30_TK_v36_TN Iraqi civil war 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V36_EG_v32_TK_v43_TN Nuclear negotiations between Iran and the U.S 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V26_TK Political unrest in Egypt 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_v37_TN Political violence in Egypt 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V30_TN Morsi deposed in Egypt 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

125

N/A T2_V32_TN The election of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as Egypt’s new president 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_v31_TK Terrorist attacks in Paris 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V34_EG_v40_TN Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V39_EG November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V30_EG_v35_TN Armed conflict in Libya 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

126

N/A T2_V33_EG_v39_TN National dialog in Libya 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V32_EG_v38_TN Unrest in Lebanon due to Syria 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V35_EG_v42_TN Yemen civil war 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V38_EG_v33_TK Crisis in Greece 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_v34_TK Bombing of Russian airline out of Sharm el-Sheikh 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

127

N/A T2_v35_TK Refugee crisis in Europe 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V37_EG Terrorist attack in Tunisia 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V40_EG San Bernardino attacks in December 2015 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V40_1_EG Coup in Turkey 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V40_2_EG The crash of France plane 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

128

N/A T2_V40_3_EG Building El-Nahda Dam 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V40_4_EG Terrorist incident in Germany 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V41_TN Muslim students killed in the U.S. 1. Very significant 2. Somewhat significant 3. Not very significant 4. Not at all significant 6. Has not heard of event 7. N/A (Respondent not asked because of response in T2_V26_EG_V25_TK_V28_TN)

N/A T2_V41_EG_V36_TK_V44_TN I am going to give you a card that lists the events I just asked you about. Among those you have heard of, which would you say seems to you most important?

126. Coup in Turkey 127. The crash of France plane 128. Building El-Nahda Dam 129. Terrorist incident in Germany 130. Muslim students killed in the U.S. 201. Arab countries dividing (volunteered) 202. Crisis between Egypt and Saudi Arabia (volunteered) 204. USA Presidential election (volunteered) 205. Trying to divide Saudi Arabia (volunteered) 306. Bombs at Brussel (volunteered) 316. Peace (volunteered) 318. PYD-Kurdish (volunteered) 325. The conflict in the Middle East (volunteered) 335. US - Syria relations (volunteered) 338. Being in conflict with all of our neighbors (volunteered) 339. PKK (volunteered) 340. Syrian refugee crisis (volunteered) 341. Support given to the terrorist (volunteered) 342. UN's wrong policies (volunteered) 405. The fall of the regime ikhwane in Egypt (volunteered) 412. The imposition of the death penalty of Morsi (volunteered) 413. The murder of a young Tunisian in Paris (volunteered) 414. Alliance between Saudi Arabia and Egypt (volunteered) 415. The execution of the protesters in Egypt (volunteered) 420. The events of Saudi Arabia and Yemen (volunteered) 994. Interview by phone (volunteered) 995. Expressed disinterest in politics or in talking about politics 996. Other, not specified 997. All of them 998. None of them

N/A T2_V42_EG_v37_TK How much were you emotionally affected by [event specified in T2_V41_EG_V36_TK_V44_TN]? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V43_EG_v38_TK To what extent did [event specified in T2_V41_EG_V36_TK_V44_TN] change your perspective? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V45_TN How stressful was [event specified in T2_V41_EG_V36_TK_V44_TN]? 1. Very stressful 2. Somewhat stressful 3. Not very stressful 4. Not at all stressful 130

T2_V137_EG_v244_TK_v122_A_TN Do you currently have a twitter account? 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V245_TK Do you use the geographic al location feature in your tweets? 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V122_B_TN Which statement best describes your use of the geographical location feature in your tweets? 1. I always use the geographic location feature in my tweets 2. I sometime use the geographic location feature in my tweets 3. I never use the geographic location feature in my tweets 4. I don’t know how to use the geographic location feature in my tweets 5. I only use twitter on my mobile phone and my phone does not have the geographic location feature

N/A T2_V122_C_TN Why do you use the geographic location sometimes in your tweets? 1. No reason 2. To inform my friends when I want 3. I don’t like

N/A T2_V122_D_TN Why do you never use the geographic location in your tweets? 1. No reason 2. I don't want to 3. I don't want others to know my position 4. I only used to talk with my children 5. I only used in work 6. I don't have time

N/A T2_V141_EG_V246_TK_V122_E_TN Does your twitter profile include information on the city or town you live in? 1. Yes 5. No

NA T2_V142_EG_v247_TK_v122_F_TN Think of your current use of twitter, generally speaking, how often do you use Twitter to: Read tweets from people, organizations, and users you follow 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

131

NA T2_V143_EG_v248_TK_v122_G_TN Retweet messages from people, organizations, and users you follow 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

NA T2_V144_EG_v249_TK_v122_H_TN Tweet about you or your family 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

NA T2_V145_EG_v250_TK_v122_I_TN Tweet about politics 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

NA T2_V146_EG_v251_TK_v122_J_TN Tweet about religion 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

NA T2_V147_EG_v252_TK_v122_K_TN Tweet about other topics 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_V122_L_TN Which of these statements best describes how your current use of twitter different from your use in 2013? 1. I never had a twitter account (neither now nor in 2013) 2. I currently have a twitter account but I did not have an account in 2013 3. I used to have a twitter account in 2013 but I cancelled it 4. I use twitter now more than I used it in 2013 5. I use twitter now less than I used it in 2013 6. I use twitter now the same way I used it in 2013

N/A T2_V253_A_TK_V245_A_TN What is your twitter username? 1. ______(Handle omitted from dataset) 2. I prefer not to say 3. I don’t have a twitter account

132

N/A T2_V245_B_TN As part of this study, we would like to ask your permission to link your public twitter information to your interview information. This information will be kept confidential and will only be used for academic purposes at an aggregate level. That is no information will be disclosed on any individual respondent in any research report or publication. Your consent is completely voluntary.

Your permission will be extremely valuable for understanding how people’s use of twitter affects their attitudes and opinions

Do you have any questions? Do we have your permission? 1. Yes, you have my permission 5. No, you don’t have my permission

N/A T2_V148_EG Do you currently have a Facebook account? 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V149_EG Think of your current use of Facebook, generally speaking, how often do you use Facebook to: Read updates from your Facebook friends or favorite pages 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_V150_EG Read articles from your newsfeed 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_V151_EG Post updates about you and your family 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_V152_EG Post photos of you or your family 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

133

N/A T2_V153_EG Post about religion 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_V154_EG Post about other topics 1. Daily 2. Several times a week 3. Once a week 4. Less than once a week 5. Never

N/A T2_v254_A_TK What is the e-mail address that is associated with your Facebook account? We will use this information to ask you to like our study page and follow our news. 1. ______(Address omitted from dataset) 2. I prefer not to say 3. I don’t have a Facebook account

N/A T2_V242_EG_V242_A_TK_V244_A_TN_B Please forgive me for asking, and please accept my condolences for any loss that has occurred. Has any close family member (parent, child – including those not living at home) died since June 2013? 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V242_B_TK_V244_B_TN Parent died 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V242_C_TK_V244_C_TN Spouse died 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V242_D_TK_V244_D_TN Brother or sister died 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V242_E_TK_V244_E_TN Child died 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_v242_OTHER_TK Other close family member? 1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V243_EG_v243_TK_v245_TN Has there been any other major loss or tragedy in your family, such as a serious accident, illness, economic loss, or anything else since June 2011? 134

1. Yes 5. No

N/A T2_V243_A_EG_TK_v245_A_TN Major loss or tragedy, specified

101. A surgery 102. A surgery led to an amputation for the two legs 103. An accident in his eye 104. Daughter died and now she is raising her grandchild 105. Husband got sick and they spent a lot of money on his treatment and then he died 106. Husband had a surgery 107. Son got sick and had a high cost surgery 108. His Motorcycle was stolen 109. Wife got sick and had a surgery and they spent a lot of money and borrowed some money from other people 110. Husband had a surgery 111. Mother suffered a stroke and they spent all their money on her treatment and then she died 112. Respondent, sister, and father had surgeries 113. Son had a car accident 114. Wife had a gland surgery 201. Attacked 202. Divorced 203. Economic Problems 204. Illness someone from the family 205. Imprison of someone 206. No response 207. Other, not specified 208. Robbery 209. Someone from family or relative has passed away 210. Terror 211. Traffic Accident-Family 212. Unemployment 213. Violence from husband 301. my illness 302. the death of the aunt 303. the death of his uncle 304. financial problems 305. an accident 306. the death of his cousin 307. the death of her mother 308. the death of her father 309. his brother's illness 310. The death of husband 311. Family problems 312. The father's illness 313. The death of his cousin 314. the house was stolen 315. The divorce 135

316. The death of his brother 317. the death of the mother in law 318. The illness of his grandmother 319. his brother is in prison 320. lost his job 321. The mother’s illness 322. the son is sick 323. The illness of his wife 324. The illness of his sister 325. The illness of her husband 326. Others 327. The death of grandmother 328. The death of grandfather

N/A T2_Scenario_TN Experimental scenario in T2, see text from questionnaire below

1. Scenario 1, American employee, (Showcard 26.1) 2. Scenario 1, Tunisian employee (Showcard 26.2) 3. Scenario 2, American employee (Showcard 26.3) 4. Scenario 2, Tunisian employee (Showcard 26.4)

Now, I am going to tell you a story about a person working in your community. When the story is finished, I will ask you about your opinions of the person in the story.

Imagine that this recent event occurred in your community:

(a) An American employee who works for the U.S. government

(b) A Tunisian employee who works for the Tunisian government

... has been working in your community for about one year. He is in charge of money that he is usually allowed to distribute to projects he decides are useful. The (American/Tunisian) employee recently decided to allocate this money to build a national center for advancement of technology in your community.

[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: NOW HAND SHOWCARD TO RESPONDENT, READ THROUGH ITEMS ON SHOWCARD WITH RESPONDENT] [SHOWCARDS 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4]

1. Showcard 25.1: American employee; Showcard 25.2: Tunisian employee  This project is welcomed and desired by respected members of your community.  The (American/Tunisian) employee’s supervisor said that if the project is implemented, the employee would be promoted, because the project is a priority  The employee decided to implement the project  The employee made sure that the respected community members would receive credit and recognition for establishing the national center for the advancement of technology

2. Showcard 25.3: American employee; Showcard 25.4: Tunisian employee  This project is welcomed and desired by respected members of your community.  The (American/Tunisian) employee’s supervisor said that the employee would be permitted to implement the project but would not be paid for his time because the project is not a priority  Even though the employee wouldn’t be paid, he decided to implement the project 136

 The employee made sure that the respected community members would receive credit and recognition for establishing the national center for the advancement of technology

N/A T2_V158_TN Now I am going to read you a series of statements about the person in the story, the [American/Tunisian] employee who decided to proceed with the [school]. Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with each statement. This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee sacrificed his own interests for this project. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V159_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is well qualified for his work position. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V160_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee contributes to well-being of my community. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree N/A T2_V161_TN I think the [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is honest in his dealings with others. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V162_TN The community can trust the [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee to oversee the project. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V163_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee’s relationship with the community is very rewarding. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

137

N/A T2_V164_TN I would publicly support the [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee’s efforts in my community. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V165_TN My community profits from the [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee’s actions. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V166_TN The [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is successful at the things he tries to do. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V167_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee cares about my community. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V168_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee follows ethical principles. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V169_TN I trust this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V170_TN In my opinion, this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is the best person for this job. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V171_TN I would encourage other communities to partner with this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

138

N/A T2_V172_TN The [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee will profit from doing this project. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V173_TN The [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is talented at his job 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V174_TN The [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee prioritizes the well-being of my community above his own interests 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V175_TN I believe the [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee is an honest person. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V176_TN I would tell my family and friends to trust this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee.

1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V177_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee deserves the loyalty of the residents of this community. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V178_TN I would try to volunteer to help this project [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

139

N/A T2_V179_TN This [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee only did the project for his own good. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V180_TN I would like to have this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee as my neighbor. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V181_TN I want this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee to contribute to more projects in this community. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V182_TN I see this [AMERICAN/TUNISIAN] employee as a representative of his government. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V182_A_TN [String Variable] Volunteered comments about the American employee

N/A T2_V183_TN Now I’m going to read you a series of statements about the current government in Tunisia. The current government is responsive to your needs. Would you say this describes the current government a great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V184_TN The current government avoids corruption 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V185_TN The government cares about people like me. [IF RESPONDENT ASKS WHAT IS MEANT BY “PEOPLE LIKE ME”, INTERVIEWER SHOULD SAY “WHATEVER PEOPLE LIKE ME MEANS TO YOU” 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all 140

N/A T2_V186_TN The government officials have integrity. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V187_TN The government takes steps to ensure people like me lead a good life. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V188_TN Our government officials are honest. 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V189_TN How much do you trust your national government to do the right thing? Would you say a great deal, some, not very much, or not at all? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V190_TN If times were uncertain, how much would you support your government through tough times? 1. A great deal 2. Some 3. Not very much 4. Not at all

N/A T2_V191_TN Overall, how competent is your government? 1. Very competent 2. Somewhat competent 3. Somewhat incompetent 4. Very incompetent

N/A T2_V192_TN I am going to read a list of feelings and behaviors that you may have. On a scale of 1 to 7, where 1 means “to a very small extent” and 7 means “to a very large extent”, please tell me how much or how little the statement applies to you. I am a unique person separate from others. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

141

N/A T2_V193_TN I act as an independent person. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V194_TN I am affected by events that concern myself. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V195_TN I am aware of my own needs, desires, and goals. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V196_TN I am an independent person. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V197_TN I think of myself as connected to friends. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V198_TN I control my behavior to accommodate the wishes of friends. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V199_TN I am affected by events that concern my friends. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

142

N/A T2_V200_TN I am aware of the needs, desires, and goals of my friends. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V201_TN I feel I have a strong relationship with my friends. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V202_TN I think of myself as connected to other Tunisians. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V203_TN I am affected by events that concern other Tunisians. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V204_TN I am aware of the needs, desires, and goals of other Tunisians. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V205_TN I feel I have a strong relationship with other Tunisians. 1. To a very small extent … … … 7. To a very large extent

N/A T2_V206_TN Now I’m going to read you a series of statements about trust. There are very few people in the world who you can really trust. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

143

N/A T2_V207_TN People can be trusted. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V208_TN Outsiders can be trusted. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V209_TN People are honest in their dealing with others. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V210_TN People in our society only care about themselves. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V211_TN People are friendly only because they want something from me. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree

N/A T2_V212_TN Now, I have a couple of questions about the current government. How do you feel about the current government of Tunisia? Do you feel very negative, somewhat negative, neutral, somewhat positive, or very positive about the current government of Tunisia? 1. Very negative … … … 5. Very positive

N/A T2_V213_TN Now what about the current government of the U.S.? 1. Very negative … … … 5. Very positive

144

INTERVIEWER-LEVEL VARIABLES

IWER_ID_T1 IWER_ID_T2 Interviewer identification number

IWER_ID_T1_TN_NEW Indicates interviewer ID in T1; ID unique to 2013 data (Tunisia) New global interviewer ID in T1 that can be used to identify interviewers across time. Interviewers who worked in both T1 and T2 will have identical values in both IWER_ID_T1_TN_NEW and IWER_ID_T2_TN_NEW.

IWER_ID_T2_TN_NEW Indicates interviewer ID in T2. ID unique to 2015 data (Tunisia) New global interviewer ID in T2 that can be used to identify interviewers across time. Interviewers who worked in both T1 and T2 will have identical values in both IWER_ID_T1_TN_NEW and IWER_ID_T2_TN_NEW.

IWER_BOTHWAVES_TN Indicates whether interviewer worked in 2013 and in 2015 (Tunisia) 0. Interviewer did not work in both years 1. Interviewer worked in both 2013 and 2015

IWER_SAME_T2_TN Indicates if respondent had same interviewer in 2013 and 2015 (Tunisia) 0. Respondent had different interviewers in 2013 and 2015 1. Respondent had same interviewer in 2013 and 2015

N/A Team_T2_EG Identification number of interviewer team (Egypt)

N/A Supervisor_T2_EG Identification number of interviewer supervisor (Egypt)

Iwer_Gender_T1 N/A Gender of interviewer 1. Male 5. Female

Iwer_FDressType_T1_TN N/A Female interviewer: Dress type (Tunisia)

Iwer_FHeadCover_T1_TK N/A Female interviewer: Head cover (Turkey) 1. Yes 5. No

Iwer_MBeard_T1_TN N/A Male interviewer: Presence of beard (Tunisia) 1. Yes 5. No

Iwer_Age_T1 N/A Interviewer age Numeric value ranging from 17:60

145

Iwer_Educ_T1 N/A Educational attainment of interviewer 1. No formal education 2. Incomplete primary school 3. Complete primary school 4. Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 5. Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 6. Incomplete secondary: university-preparatory type 7. Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 8. Some university-level education, without degree 9. University-level education, with degree (include post-graduate education

Iwer_WorkExp_T1_TN N/A Has interviewer ever worked as a researcher in other studies 1. Yes 5. No

Iwer_WorkDuration_T1_TN N/A Number of months in which interviewer worked as a researcher in other studies Numeric value ranging from 5:36

146