Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025 ‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta City Council’S Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025

Lifein our city Parramatta City Council Volume 1 Volume

Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025 ‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta City Council’s Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 2 Contents Executive Summary ...... 5 Part 1 Background ...... 6 What is Biodiversity? ...... 7 Why is Biodiversity Important? ...... 7 Case Study ...... 11 Biodiversity in Parramatta ...... 12 Why do we need a Biodiversity Strategy? ...... 23 Managing Biodiversity ...... 28 Part 2 Strategic Direction ...... 34 Introduction ...... 35 Our Vision ...... 35 A Strategic Approach ...... 35 Priority Areas Table ...... 36 Biodiversity Snapshot Status ...... 37 Biodiversity Targets ...... 39 Monitoring and Review ...... 39 Strategic Planning Table ...... 40 Part 3 Actions ...... 41 Action Table ...... 42 References ...... 50 Appendices ...... 52 Appendix 1 Conservation Signiícance Maps Appendix 2: Native Habitat Corridor Maps Acknowledgements This document was adopted by Parramatta City Council on 28 September 2015. It has been prepared by staff at Parramatta City Council based on a preliminary report ‘Eco Logical Australia (2012). Biodiversity Plan 2012 – Parramatta City Council.’ ‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 3 ‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta City Council’s Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025 has been developed as a framework to guide the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity in the Parramatta local government area (LGA) in accordance with legislation. This Strategy is a tool to ensure that biodiversity is conserved whilst also considering social, health and economic issues and the increasing demands on land use within the LGA.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 4 Parramatta City Council’s Biodiversity Strategy 2015 – 2025 Executive Summary Parramatta City Council has developed ‘Life in our City’ to ensure we meet the many legislative requirements (local, state, federal and international law) as well as provide opportunities to our community as we enter a period of economic growth and development over the next decade. ‘Life in our City’ recognises that biodiversity supports life through provision of clean air, clean water and natural resources (ecosystem services) and also provides quality of life for our community as spaces where people can enjoy nature and recreate. This document summarises some of our natural assets (unique îora and fauna) and outlines our strategic approach to managing biodiversity in our city over the next decade.

3DUUDPDWWDKDVDVLJQLíFDQWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GLUHFWO\OLQNHG In order to achieve this vision we have used Conservation to the resources provided in the natural landscape. From the 6LJQLíFDQFH$VVHVVPHQW0DSSLQJ &6$ WRGHWHUPLQHD VLJQLíFDQFHRIHHOVDQGWKHULYHUWRWKH'DUXJSHRSOHVIRU strategic approach to managing our natural assets to protect QHDUO\\HDUVWRWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKHíUVWIDUPV and enhance biodiversity. This includes prioritising actions for IRUWKH(XURSHDQVHWWOHUVLQWKHODWHªVWKHELRGLYHUVLW\RI ODQGPDQDJHPHQWLQWKHIROORZLQJRUGHUSURWHFWFRUHSURWHFW Parramatta has helped us to thrive. In recent studies we have support for core and revegetate. recorded over 600 species of plants and around 230 animal species. Our plants and animals live in a number of different 6RPHRIWKHNH\WDUJHWVZHDUHZRUNLQJWRZDUGVLQFOXGH ecosystems (terrestrial and aquatic habitats) comprising 17 Increasing native vegetation cover by 1% across the LGA different native vegetation communities. Although we have by 2025 VHFXUHGDJRRGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIQDWXUDOSODFHVPDQ\RIRXU plants and animals are currently threatened with extinction increasing protection of the most signiícant vegetation and listed under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act from 64% to 75% or greater by 2025 1995LQFOXGLQJRIRXUYHJHWDWLRQFRPPXQLWLHVRI The range of actions we will deliver during the next ten our 230 animal species and 13 of our 600+ plant species. \HDUVWRZRUNWRZDUGVWKHVHWDUJHWVLQFOXGHSODQQLQJDQG 0DQDJLQJVSHFLHVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVSUHVHQWVDFKDOOHQJH GHYHORSPHQWFRQWUROVîRUDDQGIDXQDFRQVHUYDWLRQEXVKODQG SDUWLFXODUO\LQDODQGVFDSHWKDWFXUUHQWO\VXSSRUWV DQGZDWHUZD\VHQKDQFHPHQWFRPPXQLW\SDUWQHUVKLSVDQG UHVLGHQWVSURYLGHVMREVIRUSHRSOHDQGWKHDVVRFLDWHG education. infrastructure to support a built environment that will service these communities. ‘Life in our City’ will ensure we prioritise We will fund these actions through a combination of existing our management approach and remain considerate of triple VRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJJHQHUDOUHYHQXHVSHFLDOUDWHVGHYHORSPHQW bottom line (environment / economic / social) outcomes for our FRQWULEXWLRQVDVZHOODVVWDWHDQGIHGHUDOJUDQWV community. We will monitor and review the actions outlined in this Our vision for biodiversity is ‘Parramatta is recognised as report on an ongoing basis and ensure that the actions and DFLW\ZLWKXQLTXHQDWXUDODVVHWVSODFHVZKHUHSHRSOHFDQ RXWFRPHVDUHOLQNHGWRRXULQWHJUDWHGUHSRUWLQJV\VWHPDQG H[SHULHQFHQDWXUHDQGRXUFRPPXQLW\FDQIHHOFRQíGHQWWKDW Community Strategic Plan Parramatta 2038. we have secured the integrity and function of our waterways and bushland areas now and into the future to ensure our city and people prosper in a healthy landscape.’

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 5 3DUW%DFNJURXQG

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 6 1.1 What is Biodiversity? In Parramatta we are fortunate to have unique natural spaces and places where people can experience nature. Biodiversity is more WKDQMXVWSODFHVRIQDWXUH JUHHQJUDVVDQGWUHHV §%LRGLYHUVLW\LVWKHYDULHW\RIDOOOLIHIRUPVRQHDUWKLWLVWKHGLIIHUHQWSODQWVDQLPDOVDQGPLFURRUJDQLVPVWKHLUJHQHVDQG WKHWHUUHVWULDOPDULQHDQGIUHVKZDWHUHFRV\VWHPVRIZKLFKWKH\DUHDSDUW¨¥ $XVWUDOLDªV%LRGLYHUVLW\&RQVHUYDWLRQ6WUDWHJ\ 2010–2030)

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1.2 Why is Biodiversity Important? 1.2.1 Human Wellbeing Biodiversity is critically important to a healthy community as it is crucial to sustaining human physical and psychological wellbeing. §,WLVUHFRJQLVHGWKDWELRGLYHUVLW\ORVVFDQKDYHVLJQLíFDQWGLUHFWKXPDQKHDOWKLPSDFWVLIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVDUHQRORQJHU DGHTXDWHWRPHHWVRFLDOQHHGV¨ :+2

Australia has high biodiversity with more than twice the number of species that occur in Europe and North America. In the Parramatta LGA we have over 600 species of plants and 230 species of Australian animals that are unique. We have a responsibility to protect this biodiversity and to ensure that the total biodiversity of the earth is not diminished. Every species that is lost is a SHUPDQHQWORVVWRWKHHDUWKªVELRGLYHUVLW\3HRSOHQHHGWKHUHVRXUFHVELRGLYHUVLW\SURYLGHVIRUIRRGPHGLFLQHV VHH&DVH6WXG\ clothing and shelter. Biodiversity is vital for current and future human wellbeing.

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1.2.2 Ecosystem Services Some facts about why biodiversity is important are shown in Table 1 below. Our dependence on biodiversity comes from reliance on DQXPEHURIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV7KHVHVHUYLFHVLQFOXGHR[\JHQSURGXFWLRQSROOLQDWLRQGHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGHFRORJLFDOSURFHVVHVWKDW PDNHSODQHWHDUWKLQKDELWDEOH Table 1: Biodiversity Facts

Biodiversity is essential to global food security and nutrition and also serves as a safety-net to poor households during times of crisis.

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The value of global ecosystem services is estimated at $16-$64 trillion.

Source: IUCN http://www.iucn.org/what/biodiversity/about/

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 7 1.2.3 Community Amenity Parramatta’s biodiversity provides spiritual retreat as well as aesthetic beauty for our diverse community members.

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Our city is often seen as a place for adults but we are also home to over 60 schools. Providing natural places for children to learn and experience the world is important for growth and development.

§&KLOGUHQZKRH[SHULHQFHFRQWDFWZLWKQDWXUHGHYHORSLPSURYHGVHOIZRUWKDQGKLJKHUFRJQLWLYHIXQFWLRQ¨ %H\RQG%OXH

0DQ\EXVLQHVVHVDQGUHVLGHQWVLQRXUFRPPXQLW\KDYHEHHQZRUNLQJKDUGWRUHVWRUHQDWXUDODUHDVWKURXJKRXU%XVKFDUHSURJUDP Bushcare volunteers and community members have planted over 35 000 plants in the past three years. A number of businesses DUHDOVRZRUNLQJLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK&RXQFLOWRUHJHQHUDWHDQGUHYHJHWDWHRXUSDUNVDQGUHVHUYHVDVSDUWRIWKHLUFRUSRUDWHVRFLDO responsibility and staff engagement programs.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 8 1.2.4 Valuing Biodiversity in Economic Terms /RVVRIELRGLYHUVLW\DQGWKHHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVLWSURYLGHVFRXOGKDYHGHYDVWDWLQJLPSDFWVRQMREVDQGZHDOWKLQWKHIXWXUH In order to operate as a sustainable city we need to ensure we understand the complexity of biodiversity and ecosystems and understand that ecological systems underpin many economic enterprises in our society. Parramatta City Council has championed integrating sustainable procurement practises to ensure we consider environmental impacts of goods and services and the triple bottom line in our daily operations. This has contributed to Council receiving a Silver Award in the NSW Government Sustainability Advantage Program.

Managing biodiversity is complex and we need to be mindful that removing biodiversity at one site can often impact systems DQGSURFHVVHVDWWKHODQGVFDSHVFDOH7DEOHEHORZVKRZVKRZHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVFDQEHJURXSHGLQWRVXSSRUWLQJVHUYLFHV SURYLVLRQLQJVHUYLFHVUHJXODWLQJVHUYLFHVDQGFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHV &0$ 7RJHWKHUWKHVHV\VWHPVXQGHUSLQRXUHFRQRPLFV\VWHP (See Figure 1)

Table 2: Ecosystem services

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$HVWKHWLF economic use’. Medicinal 6SLULWXDO plants, food and the use of Cultural services (GXFDWLRQDO natural materials for art can 5HFUHDWLRQDO all be traded and exchanged.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 9 %\PLPLFNLQJWKHFKHPLFDODQG physical properties of spider ZHEVVFLHQWLVWVFDQHQJLQHHUQHZ products and these innovations SURYLGHHFRQRPLFEHQHíWIRUWKH building sector.

7KH(FRQRPLFVRI(FRV\VWHPVDQG%LRGLYHUVLW\IRU1DWLRQDODQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO3ROLF\0DNHUV 7((% provided the following example of sectors dependent on genetic resources: Table 3: Market sectors dependent on genetic resources Sector Size of Market Comment

Pharmaceutical US$ 640 bn. (2006) GHULYHGIURPJHQHWLFUHVRXUFHV

US$ 70 bn. (2006) from public 0DQ\SURGXFWVGHULYHGIURPJHQHWLFUHVRXUFHV HQ]\PHV Biotechnology companies alone microorganisms)

Agricultural seeds US$ 30 bn. (2006) All derived from genetic resources

Personal care, Botanical and Some products derived from genetic and ‘natural’ US$ 22 -US$ 31 bn. (2006) Food & Beverage industries FRPSRQHQWRIWKHPDUNHW

There are many ways biological resources can be used for direct economic beneít. Bioprospecting is an umbrella term describing the process of discovery and commercialisation of new products based in biological resources. It may include a particular species or could be derived from a molecular component of a biological substance. In addition to direct economic EHQHíWWKURXJKHPSOR\PHQWLQHQYLURQPHQWDOVFLHQFHDQGPDQDJHPHQWMREVHFRQRPLFZHDOWKFDQDOVREHJHQHUDWHGIURP preserving and protecting plants and animals through bioprospecting. - See Case Study 1 – How Our Medicines Come from Biodiversity One Frog Could Save Millions Of Lives

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 10 How Our Medicines Come from Biodiversity

One Frog Could Save Millions of Lives $W6\GQH\2O\PSLF3DUNLQYHVWPHQWLQWKH protection of Green and Golden Bell Frogs and their habitat has cost millions of dollars including the creation of two new wetland SUHFLQFWVDQGRQJRLQJKDELWDWPDQDJHPHQWZRUNV 7KHVLJQLíFDQFHRIWKLVLQYHVWPHQWLQSURWHFWLQJ MXVWRQHIURJVSHFLHVKDVRIWHQEHHQTXHVWLRQHG XQWLOUHFHQWO\ZKHQDVWXG\LQYHVWLJDWLQJDQHZ treatment for infection with multidrug resistant Figure A) Green and Golden Bell Frogs have been recorded

Case Study EDFWHULD 0'5 ZDVGLVFRYHUHG 6\GQH\0RUQLQJ within Parramatta LGA. +HUDOG0DUFK Green and Golden Bell Frogs (Litoria aurea) were an iconic symbol of the Olympics or ‘Green Games’ held LQLQ6\GQH\+RZHYHUWKH\DUHFXUUHQWO\WKUHDWHQHGZLWKH[WLQFWLRQGXHPDLQO\WRKDELWDWORVV DQGGLVHDVH2QHRIWKHODUJHVWUHPDLQLQJSRSXODWLRQVLQ16:ZDVIRXQGRQVLWHLQWKH%ULFN3LWDQG RWKHUZHWODQGDUHDVRI6\GQH\2O\PSLF3DUNLQWKHªV7KH\DUHSURWHFWHGXQGHUWKHNSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995DQGFDQDIIHFWGHYHORSPHQWE\WULJJHULQJOHJLVODWLRQUHPHGLDWLRQRUGHUV 6SHFLHV,PSDFW6WDWHPHQWVVSHFLDOPDQDJHPHQWSODQVDQGHYHQPRGLíFDWLRQVWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWSODQV Medical researchers have discovered that skin secretions from Green and Golden Bell Frog are toxic to a range of bacteria, including multi-drug-resistant golden staph known as MRSA. MRSA is one of many different strains of bacteria which exhibit resistance to a range of antibiotics. $QWLELRWLFUHVLVWDQWEDFWHULDFDQQRWEHFRQWUROOHGRUNLOOHGE\DQWLELRWLFV056$LVSUROLíFLQQXUVLQJ homes in Australia and is increasing worldwide as a global public health problem. Finding a treatment WRWKLVVLJQLíFDQWKHDOWKLVVXHLVLQYDOXDEOHDQGZLOOVLJQLíFDQWO\RXWZHLJKWKHRULJLQDOLQYHVWPHQWLQ SURWHFWLQJWKLVVSHFLHVDW6\GQH\2O\PSLF3DUNERWKQRZDQGLQWRWKHIXWXUH

:HQHHGWRPDQDJHELRGLYHUVLW\LQ3DUUDPDWWDZLWKWKHIXWXUHLQPLQG&XUUHQWO\ZHGRQRWNQRZZKDW resources (medicines) our unique ecosystems can provide. By preserving and protecting our biodiversity we will ensure that our children will have access to the same opportunities we have.

&XUUHQWO\ZHGRQRWNQRZZKDW resources (medicines) our unique ecosystems can provide. By preserving and protecting our biodiversity we will ensure that our children will have access to the same opportunities we have.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 11 “The Parramatta River is the historical, cultural and environmental life blood of Parramatta. The city is located at the junction of fresh and saltwater, and at the furthest navigable point upstream by boat. The area was an important colonial centre, and continues to be the location for many government institutions. It is an important meeting area for local Aboriginal people, with the name Parramatta based on the Darug word Burramatta meaning ‘the place (burra) where the eels (matta) lie’”. (Parramatta River Interpretation Plan 2012)

1.3 Biodiversity in Parramatta 3DUUDPDWWDKDVDVLJQLíFDQWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GLUHFWO\OLQNHGWRWKHUHVRXUFHVSURYLGHGLQWKHQDWXUDOODQGVFDSH)RUDURXQG \HDUVWKHDUHDRI3DUUDPDWWDKDVEHHQRFFXSLHGE\WKH%XUUDPDWWDJDOSHRSOHDFODQRIWKH'DUXJ see Map 1 Life in Our City Volume 2 ZKROLYHGKHUHDORQJWKHXSSHUUHDFKHVRIWKH3DUUDPDWWD5LYHU7KH%XUUDPDWWDJDOKDYHDFORVHUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH ULYHUIURPZKLFKWKH\FDXJKWíVKHHOVDQGRWKHUIRRG7KHLUVWDEOHEDUNFDQRHVRIWHQFDUULHGDVPDOOíUHLQWKHPLGGOH¥EXLOWRQD PRXQGRIVRLOWRDOORZWKHPWRFRRNWKHLUFDWFKIUHVK%XUUDPDWWDJDOLVWKRXJKWWREHGHULYHGIURPWKH$ERULJLQDOZRUGIRU©SODFH ZKHUHWKHHHOVOLHGRZQ¨WREUHHG LQWKH3DUUDPDWWD5LYHU 7KHHQYLURQPHQWDQGELRGLYHUVLW\FRQWLQXHWREHVLJQLíFDQWWRWKHFXOWXUDOOLIHRI'DUXJSHRSOHV7KHELRGLYHUVLW\RI3DUUDPDWWD also attracted European settlers from 1788 after Governor Phillip made camp at the point where Toongabbie and Quarry Branch &UHHNLQWHUVHFWDGMDFHQWWR:HVWPHDG+RVSLWDOSUHFLQFW7KHIHUWLOHVRLOVDQGIUHVKZDWHUZHUHLGHDOIRUHVWDEOLVKLQJDJULFXOWXUHWR IHHGWKHJURZLQJFRORQ\ZLWK$XVWUDOLDªVíUVWVHOIVXIíFLHQWIDUPHVWDEOLVKHGE\FRQYLFW-DPHV5XVHE\$VRXUSRSXODWLRQ JUHZRYHUWKHQH[WWZRFHQWXULHVWKHODQGVFDSHFKDQJHGWRDFFRPPRGDWHLQGXVWU\LQWKHIRUPRIIDFWRULHVDQGUDLOZD\VLQWKH HDUO\ªVZKLFKZDVIROORZHGE\DKRXVLQJERRPDQGPDVVXUEDQLVDWLRQLQWKHVV'HVSLWHWKHPRGLíFDWLRQRIRXU HQYLURQPHQWRYHUWKHSDVW\HDUVZHKDYHPDQDJHGWRUHWDLQVRPHEHDXWLIXODQGELRGLYHUVO\ULFKQDWXUDODUHDV

1.3.1 Why is the Biodiversity in Western Sydney and Parramatta so Unique? Parramatta is located within the Cumberland sub-region of the Sydney basin bioregion - one of the most species diverse in $XVWUDOLD%LRUHJLRQVDUHUHODWLYHO\ODUJHODQGDUHDVFKDUDFWHULVHGE\EURDGODQGVFDSHVFDOHQDWXUDOIHDWXUHVDQGHQYLURQPHQWDO SURFHVVHVWKDWLQîXHQFHWKHIXQFWLRQVRIHQWLUHHFRV\VWHPV7KHFKDQJHLQVRLOW\SHWRSRJUDSK\DQGUDLQIDOODFURVVRXU/*$PHDQV that different and unique plants and animals occur in association with the different soil types (Figure 2). In total there are 92 vulnerable and 60 endangered plant species in the bioregion (Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002). 7KH6\GQH\%DVLQ%LRUHJLRQLVKRPHWRHQGDQJHUHGDQGYXOQHUDEOHIURJVSHFLHVYXOQHUDEOHDQGHQGDQJHUHGELUGVSHFLHV YXOQHUDEOHHQGDQJHUHGDQGRQHH[WLQFWPDPPDOVSHFLHVDQGYXOQHUDEOHDQGHQGDQJHUHGUHSWLOHVSHFLHV 16:1DWLRQDO 3DUNVDQG:LOGOLIH6HUYLFH 7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHELRGLYHUVLW\LQ3DUUDPDWWDLVDOVRRILQWHUHVWUHJLRQDOO\WRVWDWHDQGQDWLRQDO bodies and is governed by a range of legislation and management plans. We need to comply with these instruments and liaise with QHLJKERXULQJ/*$V +LOOV+ROUR\G+RUQVE\5\GH$XEXUQ%DQNVWRZQ%ODFNWRZQ)DLUíHOG WRVWUDWHJLFDOO\PDQDJHRXUQDWXUDO assets.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 12 Signiícant diversity exists even within the LGA Figure 2. Dominant Bushland Types by Ward

Caroline Chisholm Ward contains beautiful herbaceous plants amongst the Arthur Phillip Ward is home to the stunning ochre colours of the Coastal 6\GQH\7XUSHQWLQH,URQEDUN)RUHVWLQ7RRQJDEELH&UHHN (QULFKHG6DQGVWRQH'U\)RUHVWDW/DNH3DUUDPDWWD

Elizabeth Macarthur Ward hosts a rich estuarine community with /DFKODQ0DFTXDULH:DUGVXSSRUWVWKHWDOOWLPEHUVRI%OXH*XP+LJK)RUHVW mangroves and salt marsh along the Ermington Bay Cycleway LQ*DODULQJL5HVHUYHDQG(GQD+XQW6DQFWXDU\

Woodville Ward contains the rare open woodland of the Cumberland Plain in Waddangalli Woodland 1.3.2 How Much Biodiversity Do We Have And Where Does It Occur? 7KLVVHFWLRQRXWOLQHVWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHVWHUUHVWULDODQGDTXDWLFELRGLYHUVLW\SUHVHQWZLWKLQWKH3DUUDPDWWD/*$

1.3.2.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity Terrestrial biodiversity includes plants and animals that occur on land across the LGA. A comprehensive terrestrial species list is outlined in ‘Life in Our City‘ Volume 2. 7KHPDMRULW\RIELRGLYHUVLW\ZLWKLQ3DUUDPDWWD/*$LVORFDWHGLQWHUUHVWULDOHQYLURQPHQWV9HJHWDWLRQPDSSLQJLVXVHGDVWKHSULPDU\ WRROWRLQIRUPWKLV6WUDWHJ\DVYHJHWDWLRQFRYHUDQGTXDOLW\DUHUHîHFWLYHRIQRWRQO\VSHFLHVULFKQHVVIRUîRUDEXWDOVRRIIDXQD 7KHUHLVFXUUHQWO\+DRIEXVKODQGLQ&RXQFLOªVHLJKWFRUHEXVKODQGUHVHUYHV)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQVHH%LRGLYHUVLW\6QDSVKRW Status in Table 8. The diversity of natural areas and biodiversity in Parramatta can be demonstrated in recent studies such as the Flora and Fauna of Core Bushland Reserves Survey 2011. We have recorded over 600 different plant species and 230 animal species DQGWKHHFRV\VWHPVZKHUHWKH\RFFXUDUHDOVRGLYHUVHZLWKGLIIHUHQWYHJHWDWLRQFRPPXQLWLHVUHFRUGHG VHH0DSDQG

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 13 Map 1. Vegetation Across the LGA

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‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 14 Map 2. Fauna Species Richness by Reserve Prepared by Applied Ecology *DODULQJL &R[3DUN

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‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 15 1.3.2.2 Aquatic Biodiversity 3DUUDPDWWDªVDTXDWLFELRGLYHUVLW\ZDVFULWLFDOWRWKH'DUXJSHRSOHDQGHDUO\VHWWOHUV7KHPLJUDWLQJíVKDQGHHOVPRYLQJEHWZHHQ WKHVDOWZDWHUWRWKHHDVWDQGWKHIUHVKZDWHUîRZLQJIURPRXUFUHHNVDQGWULEXWDULHVLQWKHZHVWSURYLGHGDULFKDEXQGDQFHRI IRRG&XUUHQWO\ZHKDYHRYHUVSHFLHVRIPLJUDWLQJQDWLYHíVK VHH0DS DVZHOODVGLYHUVHPDFURLQYHUWHEUDWHVSHFLHVLQRXU IUHVKZDWHUZDWHUZD\VDQGZHWODQGV2XUDTXDWLFSODQWVQRWRQO\SURYLGHKDELWDWEXWDOVRZRUNWRFRQWUROîRRGLQJDQGHURVLRQ along the river. Table 4 below shows a summary of the aquatic biodiversity found in waterways in Parramatta. More detail on the DTXDWLFELRGLYHUVLW\LVLQFOXGHGLQ9ROXPH

Table 4. Freshwater Aquatic Biodiversity Study 2010 Summary Fauna type No. species About Fish 14 species Fish include 10 native species and 4 exotic species $TXDWLFPDFURLQYHUWHEUDWHVDUHDQLPDOVODFNLQJDEDFNERQHWKDWDUHYLVLEOHWRWKHQDNHG Macroinvertebrates 64 species H\HDQGVSHQGDOORUSDUWRIWKHLUOLIHF\FOHVLQZDWHUDQGLQFOXGHLQVHFWVFUXVWDFHDQV PLWHVPROOXVFVDQGZRUPV

Macrophytes 33 species /DUJHDTXDWLFSODQWVLQFOXGLQJDOJDHPRVVHVOLYHUZRUWVIHUQVDQGîRZHULQJSODQWV

'LDWRPVDUHPLFURVFRSLFVLQJOHFHOOHGFRORQLDORUíODPHQWRXVSODQWVWKDWIRUPDQ LPSRUWDQWSDUWRIWKHIRRGFKDLQLQDTXDWLFV\VWHPV'LDWRPVUHVSRQGWRDYDULHW\RI 'LDWRPV 40 species SK\VLFDODQGFKHPLFDOIDFWRUVVRIRUPVDWWDFKHGWRKDUGVXUIDFHVDWDSDUWLFXODUVLWHLQD river or stream are sometimes used as an indicator of the localised effects of water quality.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 16 Map 3. Fresh Water Aquatic Biodiversity Prepared by Cardno Ecology Lab Pty Ltd 7KLV0DSVKRZVWKHVSHFLHVULFKQHVVDQGSURSRUWLRQRIQDWLYHíVKVSHFLHVFROOHFWHGDWWZHQW\IUHVKZDWHUVWXG\VLWHVRYHU6SULQJ and Autumn 2010 surveys within the Parramatta LGA.

This Eels mosaic along the Parramatta River foreshore show how eels are integral to Parramatta’s cultural identity and history.

Students monitoring aquatic biodiversity. Aquatic )LVK3DVVDJHZD\VRUíVKODGGHUVKDYHEHHQLQVWDOOHGRQWKUHH macroinvertebrates are used throughout the world as an ZHLUVLQWKH3DUUDPDWWD&%'WRSHUPLWíVKPLJUDWLRQWKURXJK indicator of the condition of rivers and streams. these historic barriers.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 17 Estuarine Biodiversity 7KH3DUUDPDWWD5LYHUHVWXDU\LVKLJKO\VLJQLíFDQWIRU$XVWUDOLDªV 7KH3DUUDPDWWD5LYHUHVWXDU\VXUURXQGLQJHVWXDULQHZHWODQGV FXOWXUDOKHULWDJHUHFUHDWLRQDQGWRXULVP7KHULYHUDQG and reclaimed land within Eric Primrose Reserve and George FDWFKPHQWKDVKDGDORQJKLVWRU\RILQGXVWULDOSROOXWLRQ .HQGDOO5LYHUVLGH3DUNVXSSRUWDZLGHUDQJHRIIDXQDLQDGGLWLRQ and consequently there is a legacy of contamination in the WRVLJQLíFDQWSODQWFRPPXQLWLHV0LJUDWRU\ELUGVSURWHFWHG HVWXDULQHVHGLPHQWVDQGDORQJIRUHVKRUHV'HVSLWHWKHVH under international conventions and agreements such as the LPSDFWVWKHHVWXDU\UHPDLQVELRORJLFDOO\VLJQLíFDQW &KLQD$XVWUDOLD0LJUDWRU\%LUG$JUHHPHQW &$0%$ -DSDQ 7KHHVWXDULQHHFRV\VWHPLQFOXGHVVLJQLíFDQWSODQWFRPPXQLWLHV $XVWUDOLD0LJUDWRU\%LUG$JUHHPHQW -$0%$ DQG5HSXEOLFRI LQFOXGLQJVHDJUDVVHVVDOWPDUVKPDFURDOJDHDQGPDQJURYH Korea- Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA) are communities protected under the Fisheries Management Act regular summer visitors to our LGA. Species present include; 1994 as well as foreshore vegetation protected under the NSW (DVWHUQ&XUOHZV0DUVK6DQGSLSHUV*UHHQVKDQNV%DUWDLOHG Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 including: Coastal Godwits as well as the endangered population of White- 6DOWPDUVKDQG6ZDPSRDN)ORRGSODLQ)RUHVW7KHPDQJURYHV fronted Chats (Epthianura albifrons) which can be seen along OLQLQJWKH3DUUDPDWWD5LYHUUHSUHVHQWDVLJQLíFDQWSURSRUWLRQRI the Ermington Bay cycleway from the bird hide and along the WKHROGHVWNQRZQVWDQGRIPDQJURYHVLQ16: &DUGQR YHJHWDWLRQFRUULGRUDGMDFHQWWRWKHF\FOHSDWK )RUDFRPSUHKHQVLYHOLVWRIîRUDDQGIDXQDSOHDVHVHH©Life in our City’9ROXPH

The Parramatta River estuary is the main tributary of Sydney Harbour. It is tidal up until the Charles Street weir in Parramatta CBD, a distance of 19km upstream of the commencement of the River at Balmain. The Parramatta River estuary has a catchment of 252.4km2 (OEH, 2011).

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 18 Table 4: Community Values and Signiícance of the Parramatta River Estuary Local 6LJQLíFDQWIRUWKHORFDO$ERULJLQDOSHRSOHDQGWUDGLWLRQDORZQHUVZLWKRYHUNQRZQ$ERULJLQDOSODFHVRUREMHFWVUHFRUGHG in or near the study area. ([WHQVLYHXVDJHRIWKHHVWXDU\DQGIRUHVKRUHVE\ORFDOSHRSOHRQDUHJXODUEDVLVIRUSDVVLYHUHFUHDWLRQ 3URYLGHVDSODFHIRUDFWLYLWLHVIRUYDULRXVZDWHUEDVHGFOXEVDQGRUJDQLVDWLRQV,QSDUWLFXODUWKHHVWXDU\LVDQGKDVEHHQXVHG by local sailing and rowing recreation clubs. 1DWLYHKDELWDWLQWKHVWXG\DUHDVXSSRUWVORFDOELRGLYHUVLW\LQFOXGLQJíVKELUGVDQGLQYHUWHEUDWHIDXQD Regional 0RVWFXOWXUDOO\VLJQLíFDQWZDWHUZD\LQ6\GQH\FULWLFDOLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI6\GQH\IURPWKHíUVWVHWWOHPHQW 7KHVWXG\DUHDFRQWDLQVUHJLRQDOO\VLJQLíFDQWIDXQDVSHFLHVLQSDUWLFXODUUHJLRQDOO\UDUHELUGVSHFLHV

,QWHUPVRI16:VWDWHVLJQLíFDQFHWKHVWXG\DUHDFRQWDLQVVHDJUDVVHVDQGPDQJURYHVZKLFKDUHSURWHFWHGXQGHUWKH Fisheries Management Act 1994 DQG&RDVWDO6DOWPDUVK6ZDPSRDN)ORRGSODLQ)RUHVWZKLFKDUHOLVWHGDV((&VXQGHU the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. National +LJKQDWLRQDOKHULWDJHVLJQLíFDQFHZLWKRYHUOLVWLQJVRQWKH5HJLVWHURIWKH1DWLRQDO(VWDWHDQG&RPPRQZHDOWK+HULWDJH List within the eight foreshore LGAs. 7KHVWXG\DUHDFRQWDLQVDQXPEHURIQDWLRQDOO\VLJQLíFDQWZHWODQGVOLVWHGRQWKH'LUHFWRU\RI,PSRUWDQW:HWODQGVLQ Australia. International 0LJUDWRU\ELUGVOLVWHGXQGHUELODWHUDODQGPXOWLODWHUDODJUHHPHQWV HJ-$0%$&$0%$DQG52.$0%$ XVHWKHZHWODQGVLQ the study area as important stopover areas. Values Identiíed by the Community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dapted from Parramatta River Estuary Coastal Zone Management Plan (2013)

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 19 Parramatta City Council is a signatory to the Parramatta River Catchment Group (PRCG) and has made a commitment to VHFXUHDTXDWLFELRGLYHUVLW\LQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKORFDODQGVWDWHJRYHUQPHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDQGQRQJRYHUQPHQWVWDNHKROGHUV Responsibilities associated with managing the estuary include: improving vegetation quality and connectivity; restoring HQYLURQPHQWDOîRZVDQGWLGDOîXVKLQJIRUHVKRUHVWDELOLVDWLRQDQGDFFHVVDQGFRQWUROOLQJZHHGVDQGSHVWDQLPDOV

Parramatta River Catchment Management involves multiple stakeholders working together to protect and enhance aquatic biodiversity

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 20 1.3.2.4 Threatened and Endangered Species, Populations and Ecological Communities Many of our plants and animals are currently threatened with extinction and listed under the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act1999 and/or the NSW Threatened Species Act 1995. Threatened native plants include the rare Pomaderris prunifolia population and delicate Wahlenbergia multicaulis (Tadgell’s Bluebell) as well as Acacia pubescens 'RZQ\:DWWOH DQG:LOVRQLDEDFNKRXVHL(Narrow -leafed Wilsonia) site-managed species targeted under the NSW State Government ‘Saving our Species’ program. For a comprehensive overview of biodiversity within Parramatta please refer to ©/LIHLQ2XU&LW\©9ROXPH (includes species OLVWVFRQVHUYDWLRQVWDWXVDQGRWKHULQIRUPDWLRQREWDLQHGIURPUHFHQWVWXGLHV including the Flora and Fauna Survey of Core Bushland Reserves 2011). Map 4 The Scarlet Robin (Petroica boodang) is a threatened shows the location and extent of Endangered Ecological Communities. VSHFLHVIRXQGLQ3DUUDPDWWD3KRWR)UDQN6SROF

Figure 3. Biodiversity assets in the LGA include îora, fauna, habitat, threatened species, and endangered ecological communities (EEC).

600+ )ORUD 6SHFLHV 252 Ha 12 6LJQLíFDQW ((&V 9HJHWDWLRQ 2XWVLGH5HVHUYHV

425 Ha 9HJHWDWLRQLQ 32 3DUUDPDWWD 7KUHDWHQHG 5HVHUYHV 2 Fauna (QGDQJHUHG 3RSXODWLRQV

17 9HJHWDWLRQ 230 &RPPXQLWLHV Fauna 6SHFLHV

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 21 Map 4. Endangered Ecological Communities

0DSKLJKOLJKWVWKHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIYHJHWDWLRQRFFXUULQJQDWXUDOO\DFURVVWKH/*$DVVRLOW\SHDVSHFWDQGUDLQIDOOFKDQJH2YHU the past 200 years population growth and associated development have reduced these vegetation communities to such an extent that they are now threatened with extinction. These ‘endangered ecological communities’ are regulated by national and state law to ensure they are protected and appropriately managed as priority habitats.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 22 1.4 Why do we need a Biodiversity Strategy? 'HYHORSLQJD%LRGLYHUVLW\6WUDWHJ\ZLOODVVLVW&RXQFLOWRPDQDJHDQXPEHURIWKUHDWVDQGWRSULRULWLVHNH\DUHDVIRUELRGLYHUVLW\ FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWDFURVVWKH/*$%LRGLYHUVLW\PDQDJHPHQWLVDOVRDNH\H[SHFWDWLRQIURPRXUFRPPXQLW\ 1.4.1 It is a Legislative Requirement The ‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 has been developed within the context of a broad range of ,QWHUQDWLRQDO1DWLRQDODQG6WDWHOHJLVODWLRQDQGSROLF\DVZHOODVORFDOVWUDWHJLHVDQGSODQQLQJLQVWUXPHQWV)RUDVXPPDU\RINH\ legislation see Figure 3. A more comprehensive overview of legislation and policy governing biodiversity management is provided in Life in Our City Volume 2. 7KHFRPSOH[LW\RIOHJLVODWLRQSROLF\DQGSODQQLQJLQVWUXPHQWVUHTXLUHV&RXQFLOWRGHYHORSDEURDGRYHUDUFKLQJIUDPHZRUNIRU ELRGLYHUVLW\PDQDJHPHQWWKDWHQFRPSDVVHVRYHUODSSLQJEURDGDQGVSHFLíFDFWLRQV)RUH[DPSOHWKH6\GQH\/RFDO/DQG6HUYLFH Transtion Action Plan sets broad approaches such as enhance and protect Sydney’s natural places to support a livable city; whereas the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 ‘Saving Our Species’ program LGHQWLíHVWZRVSHFLHV Acacia pubescens and Wilsonia backhousei) within the Parramatta LGA under site-managed conservation programs. Council also has a statutory requirement to prepare Plans of Management for Community Land which have been integrated into the Strategy action plan (Refer Part 3). ‘Life in our City’ will ensure we apply an overarching approach to strategically meet our obligations as outlined in these and other important legislative requuirements. Figure 4. Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy Legislative & Planning Context

Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 (Aichi Targets) International Ramsar Wetlands Convention (1971) Agreements 81%LRORJLFDO'LYHUVLW\&RQYHQWLRQ &$0%$-$0%$52.$0%$

Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Commonwealth Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010-2030 Legislation & Policy National Wildlife Corridors Plan (2012) $XVWUDOLDªV1DWLYH9HJHWDWLRQ)UDPHZRUN

Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 State Legislation 1DWLRQDO3DUNVDQG:LOGOLIH$FW & Policy SEPP 19 (Bushland in Urban Areas) NSW Wetlands Policy (2010)

Greater Sydney Local Land Service Transition Action Plan 2013-2023 Regional Plans A Plan for Growing Sydney (2015) & Policies Cumberland Plain Recovery Plan (2011)

Parramatta 2038 Parramatta Local Environmental Plan 2011 Parramatta LGA Plans & Policies Parramatta Recreation & Parramatta Biodiversity Community Land Plan Open Space Strategy Strategy of Management

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 23 1.4.2 Our Community Want It &RPPXQLW\9RLFHLV3DUUDPDWWDªVNH\ORFDOVRFLDOUHVHDUFK Social research conducted across NSW and in Parramatta WRROZKLFKKDVLGHQWLíHGLQWHUHVWDQGVXSSRUWIRUQDWXUDO with local residents and business have demonstrated that resource management and protection of biodiversity within our our community are interested in and expect us to secure FRPPXQLW\,QUHFHQWVXUYH\VRYHURIUHVLGHQWVVXUYH\HG biodiversity in Parramatta. This strategy will ensure we LQGLFDWHGWKH\ZRXOGOLNHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQHQYLURQPHQWDO consult our community in delivering best practice biodiversity activities and tours of the natural environment. conservation and management. ,QDFRPPXQLW\VXUYH\91% of Parramatta residents stated that they agree or strongly agree that natural open ‘Who Cares About the Environment’ is social research spaces with lots of trees or natural waterways improve the conducted every four years to measure the NSW communities quality of life for residents 0LFURPH[ . NQRZOHGJHDWWLWXGHDQGEHKDYLRXUWRZDUGVWKHHQYLURQPHQW ,QWKHVWXG\DOPRVWKDOI RIWKHFRPPXQLW\EHOLHYHV we do not place enough emphasis on the protection of natural 1.4.3 Current Threats to Biodiversity habitats in competition with other land use needs. With two thirds of a considerably larger world population SUHGLFWHGWREHOLYLQJLQXUEDQDUHDVE\XUEDQELRGLYHUVLW\ ELRGLYHUVLW\ZLWKLQWRZQVDQGFLWLHV ZLOOSOD\DQLPSRUWDQW UROHE\KROGLQJWKHJOREDOORVVRIELRGLYHUVLW\$VDFRQVHTXHQFH WKH&RQYHQWLRQRQ%LRORJLFDO'LYHUVLW\PXVWSURPRWHWKH engagement of cities and local authorities in the future. (Urban %LRGLYHUVLW\DQG'HVLJQ %HWZHHQDQGWKHSRSXODWLRQIRU3DUUDPDWWD/*$LV IRUHFDVWWRLQFUHDVHE\SHUVRQV JURZWK 7KLV growth will occur predominantly through urban consolidation PHGLXPDQGKLJKGHQVLW\KRXVLQJ SDUWLFXODUO\LQWKH&%'DQG in proximity to transport nodes throughout the city (Informed 'HFLVLRQV The impacts of population growth require us to accommodate more people into our cities and towns and often require expansion of the area of urbanised land. An increase in urbanisation affects biodiversity directly by reducing the area of native vegetation In the single most important thing the NSW government can (Figure 6) through vegetation clearing for homes and infrastructure GRWRSURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQWLQLWLDWLYHVIRUYHJHWDWLRQDQG HWFDVZHOODVindirectly by affecting the quality of native ELRGLYHUVLW\LQFUHDVHGVLJQLíFDQWO\LQWREHWKHPRVW YHJHWDWLRQDQGZDWHUZD\VE\LQWURGXFLQJZHHGVSHVWDQLPDOVDQG commonly mentioned. pollution (Figure 5). In Parramatta City Council’s 2025 Community Strategic Plan FRQVXOWDWLRQZLWKWKHFRPPXQLW\LGHQWLíHGprotecting the natural environment as the highest priority for the LGA. This theme has continued in our current integrated planning document Parramatta 2038VSHFLíFDOO\ Natural Environment –LPSURYLQJSURWHFWLQJDQGYDOXLQJ our natural heritage and systems Built Environment – investing in and creating a ORZLPSDFWHFRHIíFLHQWXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW Risks and Resilience – PDQDJLQJRXUHQYLURQPHQWDOULVNV and increasing resilience Parramatta 2038 also proposes to improve connections between people and the natural environment through a ‘green ring’ of LQFUHDVHGFDQRS\FRYHUPRUHF\FOHZD\VDQGZDONLQJWUDFNVDQG other initiatives of a sustainable city.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 24 Figure 5. Quality of vegetation decreases on edges (this is called ‘edge effect’ ). The photo shows where clearing for houses has introduced weeds to bushland.

Figure 6. Habitat Fragmentation

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0DQDJLQJKDELWDWIUDJPHQWDWLRQLQDQXUEDQLVHGODQGVFDSHOLNH3DUUDPDWWDLVFKDOOHQJLQJ:HQHHGDPXOWLIDFHWHGDSSURDFK to allow the movement of fauna in order to secure sustainable populations of both animals and plants in the long term.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 25 Grey-headed Flying Foxes are one of several threatened species of bats in Parramatta.

8QGHUERWK&RPPRQZHDOWKDQG6WDWHOHJLVODWLRQVHYHUDONH\WKUHDWHQLQJSURFHVVHVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLíHGDVLPSDFWLQJRQ biodiversity VHH/LIHLQ2XU&LW\9ROXPH and require Council to mitigate or abate those threats. ‘Life in Our City’ will include actions designed to minimise these threats. $NH\WKUHDWHQLQJSURFHVVLVGHíQHGDVVXFK©LILWWKUHDWHQVRUPD\WKUHDWHQWKHVXUYLYDODEXQGDQFHRUHYROXWLRQDU\GHYHORSPHQW of a native species or ecological community ‘ IRUH[DPSOH3UHGDWLRQE\WKH(XURSHDQ5HG)R[5HPRYDORIKROORZEHDULQJWUHHV 2(+

1.4.4 Managing Biodiversity Can Be Complex Managing natural assets in an urban setting can be complex. Parramatta’s landscape is multi-faceted with both built and QDWXUDOKHULWDJHIHDWXUHVDVZHOODVEHLQJDPDMRUKXEIRUMREVJURZWKDQGWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH$VODQGPDQDJHUVZH UHTXLUHDSUDFWLFDOV\VWHPIRUGHDOLQJZLWKWKLVFRPSOH[LW\2XUPDQDJHPHQWDSSURDFKPXVWDOORZIRUPXOWLSOHVSHFLHVVWUDWHJLHV WKHLGHQWLíFDWLRQRISULRULW\VLWHVIRUQDWLYHELRGLYHUVLW\DQGEHFRPSOHPHQWDU\WRLQWHJUDWHGFDWFKPHQWPDQDJHPHQW2XU PDQDJHPHQWRIWKHODQGVFDSHQHHGVWREHFRQVLGHUDWHRIVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFQHHGVQRWRQO\IRU3DUUDPDWWDUHVLGHQWVZRUNHUV YLVLWRUVEXWDOVRIRUJUHDWHUZHVWHUQ6\GQH\

Not all areas of the landscape will have the same “return on investment’ for native biodiversity and not all biodiversity will be able to be conserved in situLIVRFLDORUHFRQRPLFSUHVVXUHVDUHDKLJKHUSULRULW\LQWKRVHDUHDV)RUH[DPSOHWKHNSW State PlanKDVLGHQWLíHG 3DUUDPDWWDDVDQLPSRUWDQWWUDQVSRUWFRUULGRU1HZLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVXFKDVOLJKWUDLOZLOOEHUHTXLUHGWRVXSSRUWDJURZLQJSRSXODWLRQ DQGDQLQFUHDVHLQHPSOR\PHQWLQWKH&%'/RVVRIVLQJOHWUHHVWKDWDUHSDUWRIDQ(QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO&RPPXQLW\UHPQDQW HJ mature Sydney Blue Gum) may occur and will need to be managed by offsets or other mechanisms as used by neighboring Councils VHH+RUQVE\&RXQFLO*UHHQ2IIVHW3ROLF\LQ9ROXPH +DYLQJFOHDUJXLGHOLQHVDQGSODQQLQJFRQWUROVIRUELRGLYHUVLW\ZLOODVVLVWGHYHORSHUVDQGRXUFRPPXQLW\E\RXWOLQLQJFOHDUO\ZKHUH development can occur and can be offset ensuring no net loss to biodiversity occurs across the LGA. 1.4.5 We Have An Existing Plan That Needs Updating ’Life in our City’ ZLOOLPSURYHXSRQWKHSUHYLRXV3DUUDPDWWD&LW\&RXQFLO%LRGLYHUVLW\3ODQ 6WDNHKROGHUFRQVXOWDWLRQDQG UHYLHZRIWKH3ODQZDVFRQGXFWHGGXULQJDQG7DEOHEHORZSURYLGHVDVXPPDU\RIWKHNH\DFKLHYHPHQWV FRPSOHWHGIRUHDFKRIWKHVSHFLíHGRXWFRPHVLQWKHSUHYLRXVSODQ

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 26 Table 5: 2003 Biodiversity Plan Outcomes and Achievements Outcome Key Achievements

OUTCOME 1: Biodiversity is recognised as a Core Business Inclusion of environmental protection zoning and biodiversity of Council PDSSHLQJLQ3DUUDPDWWD/(3DQG'&3

,QFRUSRUDWLRQRI:DWHU6HQVLWLYH8UEDQ'HVLJQDQGHQKDQFHPHQW OUTCOME 2:%LRGLYHUVLW\SULQFLSOHVDUHUHîHFWHGDFURVVD / establishment of biodiversity corridors (including Ermington range of land uses %D\&\FOHZD\ LQF\FOHZD\FRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWV

OUTCOME 3: Biodiversity principals are applied across Best practice guidelines developed for outdoor staff managing council units 3DUNVDQG5HVHUYHV

OUTCOME 4: Biodiversity is optimised while providing for Generic Plan of Management developed for all community land DGHTXDWHUHFUHDWLRQDODFFHVVVDIHW\DQG QDWXUDODUHDVVSRUWVJURXQGVSDUNVJHQHUDOFRPPXQLW\XVH cultural heritage opportunities. OUTCOME 5: Land use planning instruments and /(3FODXVHVDQGPDSVVSHFLíFWRELRGLYHUVLW\SURWHFWHG development application and compliance HQKDQFHG6WDQGDUGFRQGLWLRQVRIFRQVHQWIRU'$ªVGHYHORSHG processes are effective in protecting which include referral process to evaluate biodiversity biodiversity requirements.

OUTCOME 6: 7KH/*$ZLOOLQFOXGHDV\VWHPRIVXVWDLQDEOH /DQGDFTXLVLWLRQIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOSURWHFWLRQKDVLGHQWLíHGDQG natural corridors as well as Ecological VHFXUHGVLJQLíFDQWVLWHVLQFOXGLQJ7RRQJDEELH&UHHNULSDULDQ Communities corridor.

Wildlife Protection Areas established to protect native fauna and OUTCOME 7: Populations of native plant and animal habitat under the NSW Companion Animals Act 1998 in 8 core species are sustainable bushland reserves.

,QVWDOODWLRQRIíVKSDVVDJHZD\VLQ3DUUDPDWWD5LYHUWRIDFLOLWDWH XSWRíVKVSHFLHVEHWZHHQIUHVKDQGVDOWZDWHU'HYHORSPHQWRI OUTCOME 8: Council is a recognised leader in Biodiversity Interpretation Plan for the River to educate community. Management Species richness mapping and management adopted for the entire 3DUUDPDWWD5LYHU&DWFKPHQW 0DVWHU3ODQ )RUVKRUH3ODQ

OUTCOME 9: The Local Community is empowered and ,QFUHDVHGSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ%XVKFDUHFRUSRUDWHDQGFRPPXQLW\ involved in Biodiversity Management and values tree planting events. Commencement of Get into Nature natural areas ,QWHUSUHWLYH:DONV 7DONV3URJUDP

Flora and Fauna surveys conducted to provide baseline inventory OUTCOME 10: Council has in place an effective system to DQGLGHQWLI\PDQDJHPHQWDFWLRQV0DSSLQJRIYHJHWDWLRQIDXQD manage and update biodiversity information and aquatic biodiversity used to inform the next edition of the Biodiversity Strategy.

‘Life in Our City’ 2015 – 2025 will build on the achievements of the 2003 Biodiversity Plan.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 27 1.5 Managing Biodiversity 1.5.1 Methods for Conserving Biodiversity %LRGLYHUVLW\FDQEHFRQVHUYHGDQGSURWHFWHGE\LPSOHPHQWLQJDUDQJHRIPDQDJHPHQWDSSURDFKHV'LIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHVWR protecting and managing biodiversity might include: ([SDQGLQJSDWFKVL]H HJIRUHVWDUHDVPXVWEH!+DWRVXVWDLQZRRGODQGELUGV 5HGXFLQJHGJHHIIHFWV HJGHVLJQLQJEXIIHU]RQHDUHDVDGMDFHQWWRFRUHKDELWDW ,PSURYLQJTXDOLW\DQGLQWHJULW\RIYHJHWDWLRQ HJZHHGLQJíUHUHPRYLQJSHVWDQLPDOV 3URWHFWLQJWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHV HJIHQFLQJ 8VLQJULSDULDQDUHDVDVFRUULGRUV HJEDQNVWDELOLVDWLRQ ,PSOHPHQWLQJDOORIWKHVHDSSURDFKHVUHTXLUHVODUJHDPRXQWVRIIXQGLQJDQGUHVRXUFHVDQGWDNHVPDQ\\HDUVWRDFKLHYHRXWFRPHV $UHDVZKHUHWKHUHLVWKHJUHDWHVWEHQHíWWRELRGLYHUVLW\DWDVWDWHVFDOHIRUPWKUHHDSSURDFKHVWRYHJHWDWLRQPDQDJHPHQW 1. Manage and improve remaining examples of highly cleared vegetation types &RQVROLGDWHYHJHWDWLRQLQJRRGFRQGLWLRQE\UHVWRULQJORVWOLQNDJHV 3. Revegetate to increase the area of highly cleared vegetation types (A technical report to accompany the NSW Biodiversity Strategy 2012-2017) 7KH16:*RYHUQPHQWKDVLGHQWLíHG©ODQGRIVWUDWHJLFFRQVHUYDWLRQYDOXHªLQ%LRGLYHUVLW\,QYHVWPHQW2SSRUWXQLWLHV %,2 0DSSLQJ SUHSDUHGIRUWKH&XPEHUODQGVXEUHJLRQ 2(+ 7KHVH©SULRULW\LQYHVWPHQWDUHDVªLGHQWLíHGLQFOXGH FRUHDUHDVODUJHUHPQDQWVZKHUHPDQDJHPHQWZLOOEHRIJUHDWHVWEHQHíWWRWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRINH\VWDWHDQGUHJLRQDO biodiversity values within a region VWDWHDQGUHJLRQDOELRGLYHUVLW\FRUULGRUVOLQHDUDUHDVWKDWOLQNFRUHDUHDVDQGSOD\DFUXFLDOUROHLQPDLQWDLQLQJFRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQDQLPDODQGSODQWSRSXODWLRQVWKDWZRXOGRWKHUZLVHEHLVRODWHGDQGDWJUHDWHUULVNRIORFDOH[WLQFWLRQ /DNH3DUUDPDWWD5HVHUYHDQG(GQD+XQW6DQFWXDU\KDYHEHHQLGHQWLíHGZLWKLQ3DUUDPDWWD/*$DVLOOXVWUDWHGLQMap 6: Biodiversity Investment Opportunities. 1.5.2 Urban Design to Enhance Biodiversity Many plants and animals require large areas to maintain sustainable populations. Whilst biodiversity can be conserved and HQKDQFHGWKURXJKFRUULGRUVDQGQHWZRUNVRIJUHHQVSDFHVWKHVKDSHDQGVL]HRIWKHFRUULGRUZLOOGHWHUPLQHLWVSRWHQWLDO effectiveness. Table 6 below indicates the level of biodiversity values for different landscape types. Street trees represent low biodiversity because a narrow linear corridor of street trees does not provide structural diversity (ground or mid layers for animals to hide and different plants to grow) and may even encourage pest species of birds that chase other birds away (See Life in Our City9ROXPH.H\ Threatening Process - Aggressive exclusion of birds from woodland and forest habitat by abundant Noisy Miners). Table 6: Low and High Biodiversity Land Characteristics Low Medium High Landscape Feature Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity %XLOGLQJVZLWKYHUWLFDOJDUGHQVURRIJDUGHQV Buildings with concrete footpaths and some street trees :DWHU6HQVLWLYH8UEDQ'HVLJQSODQWLQJVVZDOHV gardens and ponds 2SHQVSDFHSDUNODQG 'HDGWUHHVZLWKKROORZV Remnant vegetation

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 28 ‘By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering beneíts essential for all people’ (United Nations, 2010)

+ROORZEHDULQJWUHHVSURYLGHKDELWDWIRURZOVSDUURWVSRVVXPVDQGEDWV7KH\WDNHXSWR\HDUVWRIRUPQDWXUDOO\

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 29 Figure 7. Patch Size and Shape Matter

Young Forest interior habitat Edge habitat Forest interior habitat regeneration Edge habitat

A Mature forested patch

Young regeneration B Mature forested patch

)LJXUH$VKRZVWKDWDODUJHFLUFXODUSDWFKVL]HFDQVXSSRUWDODUJHDUHD Figure B shows that an irregular shape patch has more edge and less of ‘quality’ habitat. interior ‘quality‘ habitat $GDSWHGIURP0LQLVWU\RI)RUHVWVDQG%&0LQLVWU\RI(QYLURQPHQW/DQGVDQG3DUNV . ‘Life in our City’ ZLOOHQVXUHZHIRFXVELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQLQ&RXQFLOªVLGHQWLíHGFRUHEXVKODQGUHVHUYHVZKLFKFXUUHQWO\ contain the largest patch sizes of vegetation across the LGA. 5LSDULDQV\VWHPVDOVRSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQPDLQWDLQLQJWKHHFRORJLFDODQGJHRPRUSKLFKHDOWKRIHFRV\VWHPVSDUWLFXODUO\LQ XUEDQDUHDVZKHUHWKHODVWUHPDLQLQJUHPQDQWYHJHWDWLRQRIWHQH[LVWVDGMDFHQWWRVWUHDPVZLWKLQDFDWFKPHQW 5LSDULDQYHJHWDWLRQSOD\VDVLJQLíFDQWUROHLQLQîXHQFLQJWKHJHRPRUSKLFFRQGLWLRQRIDVWUHDPE\SUHYHQWLQJEDQNHURVLRQDLGLQJ UDLQIDOODQGUXQRIILQíOWUDWLRQDQGFRQWULEXWLQJWRVRLOEDQNDQGFKDQQHOVWDELOLW\5LSDULDQ]RQHVDFWDOVRDVDíOWHUDQGDEXIIHU DJDLQVWSROOXWDQWVZKLFKPD\EHGHULYHGIURPXSVORSHXUEDQRULQGXVWULDODUHDV,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVWKH\SURYLGH ULSDULDQ]RQHVSURYLGHYDOXDEOHVRFLDOYDOXHGXHWRWKHLUXVHIXOQHVVDVDHVWKHWLFYLVXDOEXIIHUVîRRGPLWLJDWLRQSURSHUW\SURWHFWLRQ DQGHQKDQFHGHFRQRPLFYDOXHDVZHOODVDPHQLW\ &DUGQR Maximising riparian areas as primary corridors for biodiversity conservation will also be an important component of this strategy. 7KH35&*©2XU/LYLQJ&DWFKPHQW1DWLYH+DELWDWVDQG)DXQDªUHSRUW 35&* UHFRJQLVHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[SDQGLQJDQG restoring the extent of native habitats within the fragmented landscapes of the Parramatta River catchment. It highlights the typically sporadic habitat restoration that has created many isolated vegetated ‘islands’ within an increasingly urbanised environment. These isolated sites become increasingly vulnerable to ‘edge effects’ such as weed and feral animal invsion. The PRCG UHSRUWLGHQWLíHVKLJKSULRULW\KDELWDWVDQGSRWHQWLDOFRUULGRUVWRWDUJHWIRURQJURXQGUHVWRUDWLRQDQGH[SDQVLRQRIQDWLYHKDELWDW 6L[NH\FRUULGRUVZHUHLGHQWLíHGZLWKLQ3DUUDPDWWD/*$

Corridor 1: Toongabbie & Quarry Branch Creeks Corridor 4: Parramatta River Corridor 2: Lake Parramatta to Parramatta River & Lower Corridor 5: Lower Duck River Toongabbie Creek Corridor 3: Ponds-Subiaco Creeks Corridor 6 Upper Duck River These are illustrated in Appendix 2: Parramatta River Catchment Native Habitat Corridors. 1.5.3 Complimenting Scientiíc Principles with Social and Economic Factors 7KHVFLHQWLíFDSSURDFKWRPDQDJLQJELRGLYHUVLW\DOVRQHHGVWREHEDODQFHGZLWKVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFLQîXHQFHV)RUH[DPSOHWyong City Council’s Biodiversity StrategyLQFOXGHVHFRQRPLFZHLJKWLQJVIRUELRGLYHUVLW\PDQDJHPHQWLQFOXGLQJSURWHFWLQJWKHGULQNLQJ ZDWHUFDWFKPHQWULVNPDQDJHPHQWFRVWVPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWVWRVXSSRUWHQYLURQPHQWDOYDOXHVOLNHOLKRRGRILQWHJUDWLRQZLWKRWKHU &RXQFLOSURJUDPVDQGSRWHQWLDOIRUIXWXUHHFRQRPLFWRROV ELREDQNLQJRIIVHWV 6RFLDODQGFRPPXQLW\YDOXHZHLJKWLQJVLQFOXGH SURYLGLQJVFHQLFDPHQLW\HGXFDWLRQOLQNVORZLPSDFWUHFUHDWLRQDFWLYHFRPPXQLW\JURXSSUHVHQFHDQGJHQHUDOXVDJH

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 30 Map 5. Regional Connectivity Prepared by Eco Logical Pty Ltd

Map 5 shows large tracts of vegetation both inside and outside the LGA. It demonstrates that while the amount and extent of YHJHWDWLRQZLWKLQWKH/*$LVVPDOOWKHVHSDWFKHVDUHVLJQLíFDQWOLQNVWRRWKHUYHJHWDWHGDUHDVDFURVVZHVWHUQ6\GQH\6SHFLíFDOO\ %LGMLJDO5HVHUYHLQWKHQRUWK6\GQH\2O\PSLF3DUNLQWKHHDVW5RRNZRRGDQG3RWWV+LOO5HVHUYRLULQWKHVRXWKHDVWDQG:HVWHUQ 6\GQH\3DUNODQGVLQWKHVRXWKZHVW7KHYHJHWDWLRQLQ3DUUDPDWWD/*$SURYLGHVFRUULGRUYDOXHWRPDQ\VSHFLHVDQGLISURWHFWHGDQG expanded in the future will ensure sustainable fauna populations and plant diversity remain in the region.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 31 Map 6 Biodiversity Investment Opportunities Prepared by NSW Ofíce of Environment & Heritage

Hornsby Council

The Hills Shire Council

Ryde Council

Parramatta Council

Holroyd Council

Auburn Council

Fairfield Council Strathfield Council

Bankstown Council

Cumberland subregion Biodiversity Investment Opportunities Map- Parramatta LGA

Legend 012 Priority Investment Areas Priority Conservation Cumberland IBRA Subregion km Lands (PCLs) outside Ü Core Areas Local Government Areas (LGAs) Cumberland Subregion NPWS Estate Regional Corridors

State Forest Estate

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 32 1.5.4 Fire %DODQFLQJFRPPXQLW\EXVKíUHFRQFHUQVLVDQLPSRUWDQWFRQVLGHUDWLRQLQPDQDJLQJYHJHWDWLRQ)RUWXQDWHO\IRU3DUUDPDWWDUHVLGHQWV WKH16:5XUDO)LUH6HUYLFH)LUH3URQH/DQGV0DSSLQJGRHVQRWFXUUHQWO\LGHQWLI\DQ\KLJKíUHGDQJHUDUHDVLQWKH3DUUDPDWWD/*$ DQGDVDUHVXOWDOORIRXUELRGLYHUVLW\DVVHWVDUHFXUUHQWO\PDUNHGDV©QHJOLJLEOHªULVN Securing biodiversity is also important as part of &RXQFLOªV&OLPDWH([WUHPHV5LVN$VVHVVPHQWDQG$GDSWDWLRQ3ODQ &OLPDWHFKDQJHZLOODGYHUVHO\LPSDFWRQîRUDDQGIDXQDLQWKH3DUUDPDWWDORFDOJRYHUQPHQWE\PDNLQJWKHFOLPDWHZDUPHUDQG drier. This may lead to the local extinction of threatened species and endangered ecological communities. 3DUVRQV%ULQNHQKRII

0DQDJLQJDQGEDODQFLQJELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQLQ3DUUDPDWWDZLOOEHDQRQJRLQJFKDOOHQJHDVRXUFOLPDWHVRFLHW\DQGWKH landscape change over time. This Strategy outlines important actions to protect biodiversity which have been included within the Action Table.

1.5.5 The Approach for Parramatta Conserving all biodiversity in-situWKURXJKRXW3DUUDPDWWDZLOOQRWEHIHDVLEOHGXHWRFRPSHWLQJSULRULWLHVLQFOXGLQJUHVRXUFLQJ OHJDOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGWKHUDWHRIQHZGHYHORSPHQW,QFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKHVHFRQVWUDLQWVDFRRUGLQDWHGVWUDWHJLFDSSURDFKLV UHTXLUHGWRLGHQWLI\SURWHFWDQGFRQVHUYHELRGLYHUVLW\DFURVVWKH/*$ The ‘Life in our City’ Parramatta City Council Biodiversity Strategy 2015 - 2025 has used the following methodology to help inform and prioritise our strategic direction for managing biodiversity: 5HYLHZRIWKH%LRGLYHUVLW\3ODQ %DVHOLQHîRUDDQGIDXQDVXUYH\V ,QWHJUDWLRQZLWKUHODWHGQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHDQGFDWFKPHQWPDQDJHPHQWSODQV 6WDNHKROGHUFRQVXOWDWLRQ &RQVHUYDWLRQ6LJQLíFDQFH$VVHVVPHQW0DSSLQJ 3DUWRIWKLV9ROXPHRXWOLQHVRXU6WUDWHJLF$SSURDFK

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 33 3DUW6WUDWHJLF'LUHFWLRQ

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 34 2.1 Introduction This section of the ‘Life in our City’ Parramatta City Council Biodiversity Strategy 2015 - 2025 outlines the vision for biodiversity PDQDJHPHQWLQRXU/*$PDQDJHPHQWDSSURDFKHVKRZWKHVWUDWHJ\ZDVLQIRUPHGDQGWKHWDUJHWVDQGRXWFRPHVZHKRSHWRDFKLHYH

2.2 Our Vision %DVHGRQVWDNHKROGHUFRQVXOWDWLRQFXUUHQWELRGLYHUVLW\FRQGLWLRQDQGUHVHDUFKZHKDYHIRUPXODWHGWKHIROORZLQJYLVLRQIRU biodiversity conservation in Parramatta. ©3DUUDPDWWDLVUHFRJQLVHGDVDFLW\ZLWKXQLTXHQDWXUDODVVHWVSODFHVZKHUHSHRSOHFDQH[SHULHQFHQDWXUHDQGRXUFRPPXQLW\FDQ IHHOFRQíGHQWWKDWZHKDYHVHFXUHGWKHLQWHJULW\DQGIXQFWLRQRIRXUZDWHUZD\VDQGEXVKODQGDUHDVQRZDQGLQWRWKHIXWXUHWR ensure our city and people prosper in a healthy landscape.’

2.3 A Strategic Approach 7KHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQRXWOLQHVRXUNH\WRROIRUGHWHUPLQLQJ3ULRULW\DUHDVIRUFRQVHUYDWLRQDFURVVWKH/*$QDPHO\&RQVHUYDWLRQ 6LJQLíFDQFH$VVHVVPHQW0DSSLQJ &6$ ,WDOVRLQFOXGHVGHíQLWLRQRI3ULRULW\$UHDVD%LRGLYHUVLW\6QDSVKRW6WDWXVRINH\ biodiversity assets and challenges as well as our management approach. 2.3.1 What is Conservation Signiícance Mapping? &6$0DSSLQJLVDGHFLVLRQPDNLQJWRROXVHGWRGHYHORSDVWUDWHJLFDSSURDFKWRPDQDJLQJELRGLYHUVLW\LQDFRPSOH[XUEDQLVHG landscape. A series of 18 Maps (A-R) in Appendix 1 VKRZWKHW\SHDQGVLJQLíFDQFHRIYHJHWDWLRQDFURVVWKH/*$7KHVHPDSVDOVR RXWOLQHDUHDVRIYHJHWDWLRQRQ&RXQFLORZQHGDQGPDQDJHGODQG7KHGDWDZDVRULJLQDOO\VRXUFHGIURPWKH2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQW +HULWDJH 2(+ ©1DWLYH9HJHWDWLRQRIWKH6\GQH\0HWURSROLWDQ$UHDª 2(+ DQGKDVEHHQJURXQGWUXWKHGDQGUHíQHGDWD smaller scale by Council Natural Resource Management staff. The CSA Maps categorise vegetation into the following priority types (see Table 7): Core Support for Core Primary Corridors Wetlands 2WKHU9HJHWDWLRQ 7KHVHDUHWKHNH\PDSVIRUSULRULWLVLQJSURWHFWLRQRIWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQDQGIDXQDKDELWDW7KH\DOVRLGHQWLI\NH\VLWHV for revegetation to ensure we conserve biodiversity and increase the total area of vegetation across the LGA in secured tenure. The Maps help to identify areas requiring differing management approaches to ensure we conserve biodiversity in partnership with the community across the LGA. They also outline the areas for connecting habitat and establishing primary corridors to conserve biodiversity.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 35 2.3.2 Priority Areas 3ULRULWLVDWLRQRIWKHDUHDVIRUSURWHFWLRQUHWHQWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWLQWKLV6WUDWHJ\DUHEDVHGRQFRQVHUYDWLRQSULRULWLHVLGHQWLíHG E\WKH&6$PDSSLQJSUHSDUHGE\3DUUDPDWWD&LW\&RXQFLODVZHOODVRWKHUYHJHWDWLRQFRUULGRUDQGIDXQDPDSSLQJSUHSDUHGE\Eco Logical Pty Ltd and Applied Ecology Pty LtdDVGHíQHGLQ7DEOHEHORZ

Table 7: Deínition of Priority Areas for Conservation

&RXQFLOPDQDJHV&RUH%XVKODQG5HVHUYHVZKLFKLQFOXGHUHPQDQWV!+DDVZHOODV (QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO&RPPXQLWLHV7KHVHODQGVDUHFRQVLGHUHGVLJQLíFDQWWRDFKLHYLQJ Core local and regional conservation management goals and should be protected and enhanced as the highest Priority.

7KHVHDUHSDWFKHVRIYHJHWDWLRQWKDWDUHLQUHODWLYHO\SRRUHUFRQGLWLRQEXWDUHDGMDFHQW Support for WR&RUHDUHDV7KH\KDYHYDOXHLQWKHORQJHUWHUPLQFUHDVLQJWKHVL]HRI&RUH EXIIHULQJ Core DJDLQVWHGJHHIIHFWV DQGVKRXOGEHUHWDLQHGDQGSURWHFWHG/RVVRIYHJHWDWLRQRQWKHVH lands should be offset accordingly.

7KLVLQFOXGHVYHJHWDWLRQDORQJULSDULDQZDWHUZD\VDQGWHUUHVWULDOOLQNVEHWZHHQFRUHDQG Primary VXSSRUWWRFRUHYHJHWDWLRQWKDWHQDEOHPLJUDWLRQFRORQLVDWLRQDQGLQWHUEUHHGLQJRI High Priority Corridors animals and plants. Investment in securing tenure and revegetating these lands will be important in securing a sustainable landscape.

These are pinpoint locations for threatened plants and fauna sightings (e.g. breeding Threatened ORFDWLRQV DFURVVWKH/*$7KH\DUHPDUNHGDVODQGVZKLFKDUHQRWSURWHFWHGLQ&RUH Species 5HVHUYHVEXWZLOOEHVLJQLíFDQWWRDFKLHYLQJWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHVOHJLVODWLRQFRPSOLDQFH and biodiversity protection.

Parramatta has a number of wetland areas which include both estuarine and freshwater wetlands. These sites are biodiversity hotspots for Parramatta and will need to be Wetlands protected and enhanced to comply with legislation and to help secure clean water for the catchment.

7KLVFDWHJRU\LGHQWLíHVDUHDVRQSXEOLFODQG SDUNVDQGUHVHUYHV WKDWDUHFXUUHQWO\ turfed with exotic grasses and contain scattered plantings. Revegetating these Medium Revegetate areas will ensure Council meets Parramatta 2038 targets to increase vegetation cover as well as establishing structural diversity to improve the quality of native Priority Open Space vegetation throughout the LGA. Revegetation and ‘offset’ plantings at these sites will FRPSHQVDWHIRUORVVRIVLJQLíFDQWWUHHVDQG((&YHJHWDWLRQIURPSULYDWHSURSHUW\ within the LGA to ensure ‘no net loss’ to biodiversity occurs.

2WKHU9HJHWDWLRQWKDWGRHVQRWIDOOLQWRWKHDERYHFDWHJRULHVEXWFRXOGEHH[SDQGHGWR Other VXSSRUWQDWLYHIDXQDDQGPD\SURYLGHYDOXHDVYHJHWDWLRQFRUULGRUVDQGDPHQLW\LQDQ Low Priority Vegetation XUEDQVHWWLQJ7KLVYHJHWDWLRQLVSULPDULO\ODUJHVWDQGVRIWUHHVLQXUEDQEDFN\DUGVDQG street trees.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 36 2.3.3 Biodiversity Snapshot Status 7KHIROORZLQJ7DEOHRXWOLQHVWKHNH\DVVHWVDQGWKUHDWVWRELRGLYHUVLW\DFURVVWKH/*$EDVHGRQ&6$0DSSLQJ,WLQFOXGHVWKH DPRXQWRIGLIIHUHQW3ULRULW\DUHDVRIYHJHWDWLRQDVZHOODVSHUFHQWDJHVRIîRUDDQGIDXQDFXUUHQWO\SURWHFWHGLQ&RXQFLORZQHG DQGRSHUDWHG3DUNVDQG5HVHUYHV7KLVGDWDLVXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHELRGLYHUVLW\WDUJHWVWRHQVXUHZHPHHWWKHRXWFRPHVDQGYLVLRQ outlined in ‘Life in Our City’.

Table 8 Biodiversity Status Snapshot

Parameter Area %

+DRI+DRIWKHHQWLUH/*$LV Total Vegetation Cover RIWKH/*$FRQWDLQVYHJHWDWLRQ vegetated

+DRIYHJHWDWLRQLVVLJQLíFDQWDQG RIWKHYHJHWDWLRQLQWKH/*$LV Signiícant Vegetation must be conserved VLJQLíFDQWDQGPXVWEHFRQVHUYHG +DRIWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQ RIWKHWRWDOYHJHWDWLRQDQG How much of the signiícant vegetation is LVDOUHDG\SURWHFWHGLQ&RXQFLOSDUNVDQG RIWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQLV currently protected? reserves currently protected How much of the signiícant vegetation +DRIVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQLVRXWVLGH RIVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQLVRXWVLGH is currently outside of the public reserve of the reserve system and needs to be the reserve system system? protected

How much opportunity is there to +DRI&RXQFLORZQHGDQGRSHUDWHG 7KLVZRXOGSURYLGHDLQFUHDVHLQWRWDO increase vegetation cover and offset ODQGKDVEHHQLGHQWLíHGDVSRWHQWLDO vegetation cover across the LGA signiícant vegetation loss? revegetation sites

This vegetation is highly fragmented +DRIRWKHUYHJHWDWLRQ QDWLYHDQG What is the value and extent of other and scattered across the LGA on private H[RWLF LVORFDWHGLQEDFN\DUGVDQGVWUHHW vegetation? SURSHUW\EXWKDVYDOXHDVUHGXFLQJKHDW tree plantings amenity and as small island habitat +DRIWKH+DRIVXSSRUWWR RIsupport to core FRUH+DRIWKH+DRISULPDU\ RIprimary corridor and What are the key challenges? FRUULGRUDQGRIWKH+DRI RIwetlands need further wetlands needs further protection protection or offsetting 0RUHWKDQWZRWKLUGV RIRXU How many of our vegetation communities 12 of 17 vegetation communities are vegetation communities in Parramatta are listed as endangered? listed as endangered are threatened with extinction How many of our fauna species are RIRXUIDXQDVSHFLHVDUHFXUUHQWO\ 32 of 230 fauna species are threatened threatened? threatened with extinction

How many of our plant species are RIRXUîRUDVSHFLHVDUH RIRXUSODQWVSHFLHVDUHWKUHDWHQHG threatened? threatened with extinction

&RPPXQLW\SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQNH\ biodiversity related events and activities 1100 of 170 000 residents in Parramatta What is our current level of community include 500 volunteers in National Tree KDYHEHHQHQJDJHGDQG participation in biodiversity? 'D\%XVKFDUHYROXQWHHUVDQG participated in biodiversity related SDUWLFLSDQWVLQWKH*HW%DFNWR1DWXUH activities and events during 2014 - 2015 program

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 37 &XUUHQWO\DVPDOOSURSRUWLRQ +DRI+D RURI ZHPDLQWDLQRZQHUVKLSDQGRUPDQDJHPHQWRIVLJQLíFDQW WKH/*$LVYHJHWDWHG,WZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRPDLQWDLQDQGLI YHJHWDWLRQDQGELRGLYHUVLW\DVDPDMRUSXEOLFODQGPDQDJHU SRVVLEOHLQFUHDVHWRWDOYHJHWDWLRQFRYHUDFURVVWKH/*$LQRUGHUWR Green offsets are a way of having both urban development reduce heat islands and improve amenity. Areas for revegetation DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOSURWHFWLRQ'HYHORSPHQWFRQWLQXHVEXW have been identiíed and have the potential to increase total not at the expense of the environment. A green offset is action vegetation cover by 1% (by planting 64Ha) across the LGA. WDNHQRXWVLGHDGHYHORSPHQWVLWH EXWQHDUWRLW WKDWUHGXFHV 1HDUO\WZRWKLUGV RIWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQWYHJHWDWLRQLV SROOXWLRQRUHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWV7KHGHYHORSHUVHLWKHUWDNH located in Parramatta’s public reserve system. This provides a the action themselves or pay for others to do it on their behalf. tremendous opportunity to maintain and improve the greater A green offset scheme ensures that there is a net environmental SURSRUWLRQRIYHJHWDWLRQDVLWLVDOUHDG\XQGHUWKHFDUHDQG improvement as a result of development. Any additional control of Council. There are also opportunities to maintain and environmental impact that is generated by a development is improve native vegetation within government and privately RIIVHWE\DFWLRQWDNHQRIIVLWHWKDWUHGXFHVDJUHDWHUDPRXQW RZQHGODQGVWKDWKDYHEHHQLGHQWLíHGWREHRIELRGLYHUVLW\ RIHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVRWKHQHWHIIHFWRIGHYHORSPHQWLV VLJQLíFDQFHZLWKVSHFLíFELRGLYHUVLW\PDQDJHPHQWFRQWUROV SRVLWLYH2(+*UHHQ2IIVHWV3DSHU

The following six land use planning zones provide the Offset actions for native vegetation clearing might include: greatest opportunity for protection and retention of SODQWLQJRUUHJHQHUDWLQJORFDOO\LQGLJHQRXVWUHHVVKUXEVDQG biodiversity: JUDVVHVWROLQNXSLVRODWHGSDWFKHVRIEXVKODQG ((QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ SODQWLQJWUHHVRQSUHYLRXVO\FOHDUHGODQG ((QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW HQFRXUDJLQJEXVKODQGWRUHJHQHUDWHE\FRQWUROOLQJZHHGV 5(3XEOLF5HFUHDWLRQ HQWHULQJLQWRDFRQVHUYDWLRQDJUHHPHQWVRUFRYHQDQWVWR 5(3ULYDWH5HFUHDWLRQ protect vegetation; :1DWXUDO:DWHUZD\V LQFOXGLQJDUHDVRIYHJHWDWLRQLQWKHVWDWHRUORFDOFRQVHUYDWLRQ reserve system. :5HFUHDWLRQDO:DWHUZD\V For more information about Green Offsets please refer to Life in Our City9ROXPH The biggest challenge for managing biodiversity will be to secure threatened species and endangered ecological It is recognised that offsetting will need to be done primarily communities outside of the public reserve system. ZLWKLQWKHH[LVWLQJSXEOLFUHVHUYHV\VWHPLQ3DUUDPDWWD SUHGRPLQDQWO\WKURXJKUHYHJHWDWLQJRSHQVSDFHSDUNODQGVWKDW Maps B and C (Cumberland Plain Woodland) and Maps M and DUHQRWVXLWEDOIRUDFWLYHUHFUHDWLRQSXUSRVHVHJVSRUWLQJíHOGV 3 %OXH*XP+LJK)RUHVW LQ$SSHQGL[LOOXVWUDWHLPSRUWDQW 7KHUHDUHDOVRRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRLQîXHQFHSXEOLFGRPDLQGHVLJQ §VXSSRUWWRFRUH¨DUHDVFRQWDLQLQJFDQRS\VSHFLHVIURP&ULWLFDOO\ to include biodiversity considerations and to connect the city via (QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO&RPPXQLWLHVWKDWZLOOEHVXEMHFW ZDONZD\VDQGF\FOHZD\V to development proposals as residential densities increase through urban consolidation over the next decade. There are We will also invest in community education and capacity DOVRVLJQLíFDQWDUHDVRISULYDWHO\RZQHGSULPDU\FRUULGRUVDQG EXLOGLQJDVDNH\SDUWRIRXU6WUDWHJ\3URYLGLQJRXUFRPPXQLW\ wetlands that will need to be protected and conserved to ensure ZLWKWKHLQIRUPDWLRQWUDLQLQJVNLOOVFRQWDFWVDQGVXSSRUWZLOO we manage biodiversity according to best practice. KHOSWRFRQVHUYHîRUDDQGIDXQDDFURVVWKH/*$&RPPXQLW\ engagement encourages all groups and individuals interested 2WKHU9HJHWDWLRQLQ3DUUDPDWWDVKRXOGEHUHWDLQHGZKHUHYHU LQWKHHQYLURQPHQWWRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRREWDLQFRQVHUYDWLRQ SRVVLEOHIRUDPHQLW\RI3DUUDPDWWDE\SURYLGLQJVKDGLQJIRU outcomes. It promotes the exchange of information and ideas FOLPDWHFRQWURODVZHOODVVXSSRUWLQJUHJLRQDOWRWDOKDELWDWDQG DQGLQFUHDVHVWKHOLNHOLKRRGRIFRPPXQLW\WRWDNHUHVSRQVLELOLW\ FRQQHFWLYLW\7KHFRPPXQLW\EHQHíWRIFRQWDFWZLWKQDWXUHLQWKH for environmental problems and solutions. IRUPRIVWUHHWWUHHVDQGVFDWWHUHGKDELWDWDOVRPDNHVLWLPSRUWDQW to retain and expand biodiversity on private property and Some of the actions that community can participate in include: streetscapes. Encouraging residents and landowners to recognise SURGXFLQJDFRQVHUYDWLRQDJUHHPHQWRQSULYDWHODQG the value and improve the quality of this vegetation is important YROXQWHHULQJWLPHDQGHQHUJ\IRURQJURXQGZRUNV IRU3DUUDPDWWD$VGLVFXVVHGLQ6HFWLRQFRQWDFWZLWKQDWXUHLV important for community wellbeing and will improve the aesthetic FRQWULEXWLQJWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIUHJLRQDODQGORFDO and land value of urban areas in Parramatta. conservation plans GRQDWLQJPRQH\IRUFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGVSRQVRUVKLS 2.3.3 How will our Management Approach UDLVLQJORFDODZDUHQHVVRIWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHV Ensure No Net Loss? SURPRWLQJIDXQDGLYHUVLW\RQSULYDWHSURSHUW\WKURXJK $NH\PHFKDQLVPWRVHFXUH©QRQHWORVVªWRELRGLYHUVLW\LQRXU SODQWLQJRIIRRGWUHHVVKUXEVDQGQHVWLQJER[HV LGA will be to implement an offset policy whereby trees lost The next section outlines our management approach and sets can be replanted elsewhere at a cost to the developer. The offset VSHFLíFWDUJHWVWRHQVXUHZHGHOLYHURXUYLVLRQIRUELRGLYHUVLW\ location will be within existing Council managed land to ensure conservation.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 38 ,QRUGHUWRPHHWWKHLGHQWíHGWDUJHWVZHZLOOGHOLYHU 2.4 Biodiversity Targets actions grouped into four broad management approaches or ‘Life in Our City’ ZLOOSURYLGHWKHRYHUDUFKLQJIUDPHZRUN mechanisms: and strategic direction for biodiversity planning within the Planning and Development – for actions involving changes Parramatta LGA over the next ten years. This strategy addresses to regulations and processing of development applications the need for consideration of biodiversity within the context and land tenure to manage land for conservation of legislation and Councils management and operations. This LVDFKLHYHGWKURXJKLGHQWLI\LQJYDOXHVDQGLVVXHVSUHVHQWLQJ Bushland and Waterways Enhancement – for management TXDQWLíDEOHWDUJHWVDQGFRPPLWWLQJWRDFWLRQVWKDWFDQEH DQGFDSLWDOZRUNVDFWLRQVZKLFKDLPWRUHVWRUHTXDOLW\DQG XQGHUWDNHQWRDFKLHYHWKHVHWDUJHWV)LJXUHGHPRQVWUDWHVWKH increase area of vegetation îRZRISURFHVVWRHQVXUHWKHDFWLRQVZHGHOLYHUZLOOZRUNWR Flora and Fauna Conservation – IRUVSHFLíFDFWLRQV reach our vision. WKDWUHODWHWRPDQDJLQJWDUJHWHGîRUDDQGIDXQDVSHFLHV populations and ecological communities Community Partnerships and Education – for actions Figure 7: Parramatta LGA strategic that involve increasing community participation and biodiversity conservation approach understanding of biodiversity Indicators will inform whether the targets and strategy are ZRUNLQJE\WUDFNLQJRXUSURJUHVVLRQWRZDUGVWKHRXWFRPHV and delivery of our vision for biodiversity conservation in Indicator Mechanism Target Outcomes Parramatta.

2.5 Monitoring and Review 7R0HHW2XU9LVLRQ:H:LOO1HHG7R0HHW7KH)ROORZLQJ Outcomes: The Action Table in Part 3 of this report has been developed to meet the vision and targets of this Strategy over the next :HKDYHFRPSOLHGZLWKDQGLPSOHPHQWHGDOOUHOHYDQW 10 years. Parramatta City Council will have the primary legislation UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRULPSOHPHQWLQJWKHVHDFWLRQVZLWKWKHVXSSRUW :HKDYHSULRULWLVHGDQGFRQVHUYHGWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQW of relevant government agencies and the broader community. biodiversity :HKDYHGHOLYHUHGEHVWSUDFWLFHELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQ 7KHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQWLPHIUDPHIRUWKLVVWUDWHJ\LVWHQ\HDUV techniques with a periodic review annually and a more comprehensive :HKDYHHQVXUHGFRQíGHQFHIRUGHYHORSHUVDQGRXU UHYLHZDW\HDUVWRHQVXUHGHOLYHU\LVRQWUDFNDQGWRIXUWKHU community resource implementation if required. 2XUFRPPXQLW\KDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGDQGHQJDJHGLQELRGLYHUVLW\ 7KH$FWLRQ7DEOHPDNHVUHIHUHQFHWRDQGZKHUHSUDFWLFDEOH conservation LQFRUSRUDWHVDFWLRQVIURPWKH16:2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQWDQG +HULWDJH5HFRYHU\DQG7KUHDW$EDWHPHQW3ODQV*UHDWHU6\GQH\ /RFDO/DQG6HUYLFH7UDQVLWLRQ$FWLRQ3ODQDQGRWKHUUHOHYDQW 6SHFLíFWDUJHWVZLOOHQVXUHZHFDQPHDVXUHRXUZRUNWRZDUGV 3ODQVRI0DQDJHPHQW$FWLRQVZHUHDOVRGHULYHGIURPIHHGEDFN the identifed outcomes and to assess the performance of SURYLGHGDWVWDNHKROGHUDQGVWDIIFRQVXOWDWLRQZRUNVKRSV this Strategy. Biodiversity targets for Parramatta have been LGHQWLíHGLQ7DEOH6WUDWHJLF3ODQQLQJ7DEOHEHORZ )XUWKHUGHWDLORQEURDGHU&RPPRQZHDOWK6WDWHDQG5HJLRQDO &DWFKPHQWEDVHGWDUJHWVIURPZKLFKVRPHRIWKHVHWDUJHWVDUH GHULYHGDUHSURYLGHGLQLife in Our City9ROXPH

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 39 Table 9 Strategic Planning GOALS STATUS ACTIONS MEASURES Broad Speciíc Outcome Targets Baseline Data Indicators Mechanisms Mechanisms 1- We have FRPSOLDQFHZLWK &RPSOLDQFH Planning and Review and +RXUVFRXQFLOVWDIIVSHQWDGYLVLQJWKHSXEOLFRQ complied NH\OHJLVODWLRQE\ 'HYHORSPHQW update policies legislation governing conservation issues with and and documents Number of non-compliance orders received implemented $OO3ODQVRIPDQDJHPHQWDUHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW all relevant ZKHQVHWWLQJDQQXDORSHUDWLRQDOZRUNVSODQVDQG legislation budgets? Yes/No $OOQDWXUDODVVHWVFRQíUPHGDVKDYLQJFXUUHQWSODQV of management as per State policy and legislative requirements? Yes/No 2 – We have RUJUHDWHURI RIWKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQW Bushland and Expand area Number of areas outside the conservation zones prioritised and WKHPRVWVLJQLíFDQW vegetation currently Waterways to reduce edge implementing Property Management Plans or conserved the vegetation in the LGA conserved Enhancement effects covenants PRVWVLJQLíFDQW will be managed for Increase buffer Area managed for biodiversity conservation biodiversity conservation by 2025 zones Percentage of area protected

Planning and Increase RI7KUHDWHQHG6SHFLHVDQG(QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO 'HYHORSPHQW protection Communities covered by a conservation zone through RI7KUHDWHQHG6SHFLHVDQG(QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO regulation Communities covered by a conservation zone 3 – We have $OOVLJQLíFDQWWKUHDWV :HHG'HQVLW\IRU&RUH Bushland and Improve quality Expenditure on measures to prevent environmental delivered from pest animals have Bushland Reserves Waterways of bushland and degradation best practice been abated in core $GDSWHGIURP'UDIW:HHG Enhancement waterways $ spent on ground management of pest animals biodiversity bushland reserves by Mapping 2010 Report) Flora and Fauna Protect and weeds/ Area dominated by non-native species conservation 2025 :DWHJRUD5HVHUYH WKUHDWHQHGîRUD Conservation $UHDRISULPDU\FRUULGRUVXSSRUWWRFRUHDQG techniques Weed density will be 4XDUU\%UDQFK5HVHUYH and fauna LQFRUHEXVKODQG Planning and wetlands /DNH3DUUDPDWWD5HVHUYH development Incorporate reserves by 2025 9LQH\DUG&UHHN5HVHUYH research Aquatic Bioindicator diversity and density Aquatic biodiversity will *DODULQJL5HVHUYH into decision be at current or better (GQD+XQW6DQFWXDU\ PDNLQJDQG levels by 2025 :DGGDQJDOOL:RRGODQG management 4 – We have No net loss to Total vegetation cover Flora and Fauna Expand habitat Area of native vegetation cleared annually / ensured biodiversity will occur +D RI/*$ Conservation IRUîRUDDQG Proportion of land under native vegetation FRQíGHQFHIRU across the LGA between fauna Green ring and canopy cover developers and 2015 and 2025 Abate threats to our community Application of net gain concept to areas Total vegetation cover îRUDDQGIDXQD ZLOOLQFUHDVHE\ undergoing redevelopment across the LGA by 2025 Bushland and Improve quality Offset policy adopted by 2017 Landuse planning will Waterways of bushland and provide a mechanism Enhancement waterways for developers to address biodiversity loss by 2025 5 – Our !RIRXUSRSXODWLRQ RIFXUUHQW Community Inform Number of staff trained in biodiversity conservation community have will have participated Parramatta population Partnerships and Engage Number of demonstrations in place to encourage participated and LQNH\FRPPXQLW\ residents engaged Education the broader community are engaged in biodiversity events and Equip Number of local schools participating in biodiversity activities by 2025 Empower environmental management and monitoring initiatives Number of active members and conservation groups in the LGA Frequency of hits on the natural resource page on council web site Results of surveys testing community biodiversity NQRZOHGJH LHVXFFHVVRIHGXFDWLRQFDPSDLJQV Area managed by volunteers/Number of volunteer hours Number of eco-tourism enterprises/events Number of open forums arranged to discuss environmental issues.

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 40 Part 3 Action Table Part

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 41 Action Table This Action Table outlines how we will deliver a strategic approach to conserving and protecting biodiversity in Parramatta. ,WLQFOXGHVDQHVWLPDWHRIEXGJHWWLPHIUDPHDQGUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUGHOLYHULQJHDFKDFWLRQ7KHVHDFWLRQVZLOOEHLPSOHPHQWHG WKURXJKDQQXDO&RXQFLOVHUYLFHDQGSURMHFWEXGJHWVXVLQJH[LVWLQJIXQGLQJIURPGHYHORSPHQWFRQWLEXWLRQVVSHFLDOUDWHVDQGRWKHU contributions. Additional funding will also be sourced through partnerships with other organisations and from Commonwealth and State grants.

ACTION ESTIMATED ACTION PRIORITY TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY NUMBER COST PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT Review and Update Council Planning Instruments

and Controls Review and rezone RE1 (Public Recreation) and RE2 (Private 5HFUHDWLRQ ODQGLGHQWLíHGDVFRUHVXSSRUWIRUFRUHDV( P 1 L < 3 years CS (Environmental Conservation) to provide for protection and restoration 5HYLHZDQGDPHQGWKH3DUUDPDWWD/(3'&3%LRGLYHUVLW\ P 2 3URWHFWLRQ0DSWRLQFOXGHDOOODQGFRQWDLQLQJLGHQWLíHG L < 3 years CS Endangered Ecological Communities Update and implement ‘Standard Biodiversity Conditions RI&RQVHQWªWRDSSO\WRGHYHORSPHQWZLWKLQRUDGMDFHQWWR land zoned W1 (Natural Waterway) or E2 (Environmental P 3 L < 3 years 2615'(9 &RQVHUDYWLRQ DQG%XVKODQGDVGHíQHGLQ6(33 %XVKODQG LQ8UEDQ$UHDV RUSURSHUWLHVZLWKLGHQWLíHG(QGDQJHUHG Ecological Communities 8SGDWH7UHH3UHVHUYDWLRQFRQWUROVLQ&RXQFLOV'&3WR incorporate Endangered Ecological Community provisions in P 4 L < 3 years '(9 accordance with the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 $PHQG3DUUDPDWWD'&3&ODXVH 3 3 WR ensure a ‘Statement of Flora & Fauna Impact’ and ‘Assessment P 5 L < 3 years CS RI6LJQLíFDQFHªLVSUHSDUHGE\DVXLWDEO\TXDOLíHGHFRORJLVW and in accordance with relevant legislation and guidelines 5HYLHZDQGXSGDWHWKH%LRGLYHUVLW\6WUDWHJ\RQDíYH\HDUO\ P 6 EDVLVWRUHîHFWOHJLVODWLRQSROLF\FKDQJHVDQGFRPSOHWHG L Ongoing CS actions Integrate biodiversity-friendly lighting guidelines into planning P 7 L 3 – 5 years OSNR FRQWUROVIRUGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWREXVKODQGUHVHUYHV 'HYHORS,QIRUPDWLRQVKHHWIRUEXLOGHUVDSSOLFDQWVDQG P 8 M < 3 years OSNR developers to promote biodiversity conservation

'HYHORSDSROLF\VWUDWHJ\WRPDQDJHWKHLPSDFWVRI P 9 L 5 years + OSNR recreation / visitor activities in bushland Introduce a compulsory Part 5 Review of Environmental P 10 )DFWRUV 5() WR&RXQFLOV303SURFHVVIRUDOOZRUNVWKDWKDYH L <3 years SW/OSNR the potential to impact on the natural environment

OSNR Open Space and Natural Resources LUP Landuse Planning Priority Estimated Cost SW Sustainability & Waste CCB Community Capacity Building +LJK +LJK! CI Civil Infrastructure PS3DUNV6HUYLFHV Medium 0HGLXP DQG! CS City Strategy DEV'HYHORSPHQW6HUYLFHV Low Low < $10 000

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 42 Action table continued

ACTION ESTIMATED ACTION PRIORITY TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY NUMBER COST 'HYHORSD*UHHQ2IIVHWV3ROLF\WKDWRXWOLQHVDQDSSURDFKWR P 11 M <3 years OSNR/LUP offsetting loss of native vegetation 'HYHORS3ULYDWH/DQGKROGHU,QFHQWLYHVWRHQFRXUDJHSURWHFWLRQ P 12 L 5 years + '(9/83 and retention of bushland located on private property 'HYHORS3ODQVRI0DQDJHPHQWIRULGHQWLíHGFRUHEXVKODQG P 13 DUHDVWRLPSURYHVWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJIRUZHHGUHPRYDOIHUDO M 5 years + OSNR DQLPDOVEXVKUHJHQHUDWLRQDQGKDELWDWLPSURYHPHQWV Investigate and apply for state and federal biodiversity grants / P 14 L Ongoing OSNR funding to implement Biodiversity Strategy actions Incorporate and implement updated biodiversity legislation P 15 DQGSROLF\LQWRVWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJDQGGD\WRGD\ZRUN L Ongoing OSNR practices Regularly review development assessment processes to ensure P 16 L Ongoing '(9/83 compliance with current biodiversity legislative requirements 5HTXLUHSUHSDUDWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIVSHFLíF management plans and / or development controls for P 17 L Ongoing '(9/832615 development and planning proposals on sites with threatened VSHFVSRSXODWLRQVRUHFRORJLFDOFRPPXQLWLHV Encourage and promote the use of locally native species P 18 LQODQGVFDSLQJIRUUHVLGHQWLDOFRPPHUFLDODQGLQGXVWULDO L Ongoing DEV developments Incorporate Research into Decision Making and Management Audit approved developments during construction to ensure P 19 M 3 – 5 years REG compliance with biodiversity related consent conditions Investigate development of a Green Economy Plan for P 20 Parramatta that recognises potential carbon sequestration M 3 - 5 years CS EHQHíWVIURPEXVKODQGUHYHJHWDWLRQ 5HYLHZDQGXSGDWHîRUDDQGIDXQDVXUYH\GDWDDQGPDSSLQJ P 21 M Ongoing OSNR HYHU\íYH\HDUV 'HYHORSDVSDWLDOO\OLQNHGGDWDEDVHRIHFRORJLFDOVWXGLHVDQG P 22 update to incorporate new data obtained in association with M 5 years + OSNR new developments throughout the LGA 8SGDWHWKH9HJHWDWLRQ&RQGLWLRQ/RFDO&RQQHFWLYLW\PDSSLQJ P 23 M Ongoing OSNR HYHU\íYH\HDUVDFFRUGLQJWRFXUUHQW2(+9HJHWDWLRQ0DSSLQJ 3ULRULWLVHDQQXDOEXVKODQGDQGZDWHUZD\VZRUNVEDVHGRQ P 24 %LRGLYHUVLW\6WUDWHJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQVLJQLíFDQFHPDSSLQJLH L Ongoing OSNR FRUHVXSSRUWIRUFRUHLQFUHDVHGFRQQHFWLYLW\HWF (QVXUHDOOGDWDFDSWXUHGWKURXJKîRUDDQGIDXQDDVVHVVPHQWV P 25 L Ongoing OSNR and surveys is incorporated into the Atlas of NSW Wildlife Establish and maintain an inventory of all species recorded in P 26 îRUDDQGIDXQDVXUYH\VDVVHVVPHQWVDQGGDWDSURYLGHGE\WKH L Ongoing OSNR community e.g. local bird observer groups

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 43 Action table continued

ACTION ESTIMATED ACTION PRIORITY TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY NUMBER COST

8QGHUWDNHDGHWDLOHGVXUYH\HYHU\\HDUVRIDTXDWLF P 27 M Ongoing CS biodiversity in waterways throughout the LGA Establish and implement measurable biodiversity indicators for P 28 L Ongoing CS annual reporting Support ongoing local biodiversity research with university and P 29 L Ongoing CS/OSNR TAFE students BUSHLAND & WATERWAYS ENHANCEMENT Expand Area to Reduce Edge Effects Acquire privately owned core / support for core bushland as B 1 + 5 years + OSNR appropriate opportunities arise Investigate opportunities to utilise native grass species on low- B 2 WUDIíFUHFUHDWLRQDUHDVJUDVVHGDUHDVDGMDFHQWWREXVKODQG M 3 – 5 years OSNR reserves as an alternative to exotic / invasive grasses Increase density of native wetland species plantings around B 3 DQGZLWKLQ:68'IHDWXUHVLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKIURJIULHQGO\ + 3 – 5 years '(9&3 :68'GHVLJQJXLGHOLQHV ,GHQWLI\DQGLPSOHPHQWUHYHJHDWLRQZRUNVDORQJERXQGDULHV B 4 M < 3 years OSNR DQGEXIIHUVZLWKLQSDUNVDQGUHVHUYHV 8QGHUWDNHVWDJHGHFRORJLFDOEXUQVDWUHFRPPHQGHGYHJHWDWLRQ B 5 FRPPXQLW\VSHFLíFLQWHUYDOVWRPD[LPLVHUHJHQHUDWLRQZKLOVW M Ongoing OSNR minimising fauna impacts ,GHQWLI\HQFURDFKPHQWVLQWREXVKODQGDQGOLDLVHZLWKDGMRLQLQJ B 6 + Ongoing OSNR / REG property owners to facilitate removal and remediation Improve Quality of Bushland Identify and prioritise remediation of contaminated sites in or B 7 + <3 years OSNR DGMDFHQWWRQDWXUDODUHDV

,QFRUSRUDWHWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHVUHFRYHU\DQGNH\WKUHDWHQLQJ B 8 process abatement actions into annual bushland and + < 3 years OSNR ZDWHUZD\VSODQQLQJPDQDJHPHQWDQGPDLQWHQDQFHDFWLYLWLHV

8QGHUWDNHUHJXODUPRQLWRULQJRISLSHRXWOHWVDQGSRLQW B 9 M Ongoing OSNR pollution sources impacting on bushland e.g. litter and weeds Implement processes to minimise the spread of pathogens such as Phytophera sp. in bushland through: B 10 - minimising soil / gravel importation and use L Ongoing 2615'(9 QRíOOWREHRUXVHGSULRUWRDSSURSULDWHWHVWLQJDQG FHUWLíFDWLRQ ,GHQWLI\LOOHJDODFWLYLWLHVLQEXVKODQGHJPRWRUELNHULGLQJDQG B 11 M Ongoing OSNR / REG implement preventative measures (where possible)

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 44 Action table continued Increase Buffer Zones ACTION ESTIMATED EstablishACTION ‘no-mow / conservation zones’ on Council land that Priority TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY NUMBERB 12 have potential to enhance natural and habitat values and COSTL < 3 years OSNR encourage natural regeneration of native grasses and herbs 3ULRULWLVHWKHXVHRIORFDOO\LQGLJHQRXVVSHFLHVLQSDUNUHVHUYH B 13 SODQWLQJV ZKHUHSRVVLEOHXVLQJVWRFNSURSDJDWHGIURPORFDO + < 3 years OSNR/PS provenance seeds) via increased production at Council nursery

5HYLHZLPSDFWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLOOHJDO'XPSLQJLQFRUH B 14 bushland reserves and develop community education program M < 3 years SW and threat abatement strategies ,PSURYHZHWODQGKDELWDWE\SODQWLQJDPL[RIUHHGVVHGJHV B 15 + 5 years + OSNR and wetland shrubs along natural drainage lines Waterways, Estuaries, Rivers and Creeks

Install and maintain stormater GPT’s and Water Sensitive B16 8UEDQ'HVLJQ :68' RQ&RXQFLOPDQDJHGODQGVWRPLQLPLVH + Ongoing CI/SW impacts of stormwater pollution on natural environments

Monitor implementation of actions contained within adopted Masterplans and Plans of Management e.g. Waterways B17 Rehabilitation and Maintenance Masterplans Baludarri and + Ongoing OSNR/CS 8SSHU'XFN5LYHU:HWODQGV3DUUDPDWWD5LYHU)RUHVKRUH3ODQ Parramatta River Coastal Zone Management Plan 0DQDJHVWUHDPEDQNVDVSRWHQWLDOKDELWDWIRU6SRWWHG B 18 3DUGDORWHVDQGWHUUHVWULDOPLJUDWRU\ELUGVWKDWXVHHDUWKEDQN + < 3 years OSNR burrows FLORA & FAUNA CONSERVATION Protect Threatened Fauna & Flora 5HFUXLW7KUHDWHQHG6SHFLHV2IíFHUWRDVVLVWZLWKDVVHVVPHQW F 1 RI'HYHORSPHQW$SSOLFDWLRQVDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKUHDWHQHG + <3 Years OSNR îRUDDQGIDXQD Increase plant species that provide food resources for the F 2 + 5 years + OSNR Grey-headed Flying Fox

F 3 0DQDJHVWUHDPEDQNVDVSRWHQWLDOKDELWDWIRUZDWHUUDWV + 5 years + OSNR

Review and implement Saving Our Species conservation F 4 + Ongoing OSNR SURMHFWVIRUWKUHDWHQHGîRUDDQGIDXQD Implement Cumberland Plain Recovery Plan Priority actions F 5 and liaise with relevant agencies to enforce penalties for + Ongoing OSNR unauthorised clearing of bushland Implement Pomaderris prunifolia endangered population F 6 M 3 – 5 years OSNR DFWLRQVDVLGHQWLíHGLQWKH&XPEHUODQG3ODLQ5HFRYHU\3ODQ

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 45 Action table continued Expand Habitat for Fauna 8WLOLVHDGLYHUVLW\RIWUHHVKUXEJUDVVDQGKHUEVSHFLHVZLWKD F 7 UDQJHRIîRZHULQJDQGIUXLWLQJVHDVRQVWRLPSURYH\HDUURXQG + 5 years + OSNR food availability for native wildlife Plant roosting trees and install nestboxes for hollow F 8 M 5 years + OSNR dependent species Improve small bird habitat by planting a range of shrub F 9 VSHFLHVDFFRUGLQJWR3ULRULW\VLWHVLGHQWLíHGLQ)ORUDDQG)DXQD + < 3 years OSNR Surveys 0DQDJHVWUHDPEDQNVDVSRWHQWLDOKDELWDWIRU6SRWWHG F 10 Pardalotes and terrestrial migratory birds that use burrows in M 3 – 5 years OSNR HDUWKEDQNV Investigate opportunities for provision of fauna crossings F 11 M 5 years + OSNR between habitat corridors Increase availability of feeding and roosting habitat resources F 12 L < 3 years OSNR for microbats Abate Threats to Fauna (Feral Animals) 'HYHORSD)HUDO$QLPDO6WUDWHJ\DQGFRQWLQXHIR[UDEELW F 13 L 3 – 5 years OSNR baiting and targeted cat trapping in Wildlife Protection Areas 8QGHUWDNHIXPLJDWLRQRIIHUDOEHHKLYHVGHWHFWHGLQEXVKODQG F 14 M Ongoing OSNR by licencsed pest control contractors Replace exotic weed species with a diverse and complex F 15 midstorey and understorey of native plant species to + Ongoing OSNR discourage aggressive bird species such as miners / mynahs Investigate newly emerging opportunities to manage the F 16 impacts of companion animals (dogs and cats) in core L 5 years + OSNR bushland areas according to research 'HYHORSDIHUDOELUGFRQWUROSURJUDPWRPLQLPLVHWKHLPSDFWV F 17 + < 3 Years OSNR on native bird species Expand Area of Flora through Revegetation F 18 5HYHJHWDWHRSHQVSDFHSDUNODQGDQGH[SDQGFRUULGRUSODQWLQJV + 5 years + OSNR Increase Council nursery capacity to propagate and F 19 M 3 – 5 years PARKS disseminate local native plants Abate Threats to Flora (Weed Removal) 'HYHORSD1R[LRXV:HHG6WUDWHJ\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJERWKSULYDWH F 20 M < 3 years '(92615 and public lands). Identify potential weed species in Councils current street trees F 21 L 5 years + OSNR /plantings and implement a prioritised replacement program 8SGDWH3ODQVRI0DQDJHPHQWIRUSDUNVUHVHUYHVWRLQFRUSRUDWH ELRGLYHUVLW\WDUJHWV3ULRULW\DFWLRQVDQGNH\WKUHDWHQLQJ F 22 L 3 – 5 years OSNR SURFHVVHVDVLGHQWLíHGIRUQDWLYHVSHFLHVSRSXODWLRQVDQG communities

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 46 Action table continued COMMUNITY, PARTNERSHIPS AND EDUCATION Inform 'HOLYHUD%XVKODQG,QWHUSUHWLYH3URJUDPRIJXLGHGZDONVDQG C1 WDONVLQ&RXQFLOUHVHUYHVWRLQIRUPFRPPXQLW\ QHZPLJUDQWV L < 3 years SW DERXWQDWLYHîRUDDQGIDXQD 'HYHORSDQGGLVWULEXWHD&RPPXQLW\ELRGLYHUVLW\HGXFDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQSDFNLQFRUSRUDWLQJLPSDFWVRIIHHGLQJQDWLYH C 2 DQGIHUDODQLPDOVDWWUDFWLQJZLOGOLIHWRJDUGHQVLPSDFWVRI M 3 – 5 years SW DQGDOWHUQDWLYHVWRGXPSLQJJDUGHQZDVWHLPSRUWDQFHRI UHVSRQVLEOHSHWRZQHUVKLSVWRUPZDWHUUXQRIILPSDFWV 'HYHORSDQGLQVWDOOUHVHUYHVLJQDJHSURYLGLQJELRGLYHUVLW\ C 3 M < 3 years OSNR HGXFDWLRQLQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGFRPSOLDQFHLQIRUPDWLRQ 'HYHORSDEURFKXUHDQGPRELOHDSSWRHGXFDWHUHVLGHQWVRQ C 4 ORFDOO\QDWLYHVSHFLHVIRUUHVLGHQWLDOJDUGHQVDQGWKHEHQHíWV L 3 - 5 years SW to wildlife 3DUWLFLSDWHLQVWDWHGDQGUHJLRQDOVSHFLHVZHHGDQGIHUDO C 5 animal monitoring and management programs e.g. Powerful L Ongoing OSNR 2ZO$XVWUDOLDQ:KLWH,ELV 'HYHORSEURFKXUHVIRUWKH&$/'FRPPXQLW\LQDSSURSULDWH C 6 L 3 – 5 years SW languages to improve biodiversity awareness and education Ensure biodiversity achievements and activities are promoted C 7 L Ongoing OSNR in Councils community newsletters and Annual report (QFRXUDJHFRPPXQLW\FRQWUDFWRUDQGYROXQWHHUUHSRUWLQJRI C 8 L Ongoing OSNR IHUDODQLPDOV IR[HVEHHVFDWVUDEELWV REVHUYHGLQEXVKODQG 'HYHORSDQGLQWHJUDWHELRGLYHUVLW\IULHQGO\UHVWRUDWLRQ and maintenance guidelines into the management and C 9 L 5 years + OSNR PDLQWHQDQFHRISDUNVUHVHUYHVE\&RXQFLORIíFHUV contractors and volunteers Install regulatory signage at bushland reserve entrances to C 10 educate visitors about the biodiversity impacts of dumping L 5 years + OSNR DQGFROOHFWLRQRIíUHZRRGUHPRYDORIIDOOHQEUDQFKHV Incorporate Endangered Ecological Community information C 11 into reserve signs and regularly promote the importance of L Ongoing OSNR EXVKODQGUHVWRUDWLRQXQGHUWDNHQLQ&RXQFLOSXEOLFDWLRQV Educate all new staff responsible for assessing development C 12 applications in relation to relevant biodiversity legislation and L Ongoing OSNR matters for consideration ,GHQWLI\DVLJQLíFDQWVSHFLHVIRUHDFKFRUHEXVKODQGUHVHUYH C 13 and incorporate into on-site signs and promotional materials L 5 years + OSNR/SW to increase local community biodiversity awareness 'HYHORSDQGGLVVHPLQDWHD%LRGLYHUVLW\ 'HYHORSPHQW $VVHVVPHQWIDFWVKHHWDQGJXLGHOLQHVWRHGXFDWHDSSOLFDQWV C14 XQGHUWDNLQJGHYHORSPHQWZLWKLQRULQSUR[LPLW\WREXVKODQG L 3 – 5 years OSNR DQGZDWHUZD\V SDUWLFXODUO\LGHQWLíHG(QGDQJHUHG(FRORJLFDO Communities).

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 47 Action table continued

ACTION ESTIMATED ACTION PRIORITY TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY NUMBER COST Engage Involve schools in biodiversity conservation and DSSUHFLDWLRQWKURXJK6(03ªVWHDFKHUSURIHVVLRQDO C 15 L Ongoing SW/OSNR GHYHORSPHQWWUDLQLQJSURYLGLQJFXUULFXOXPEDVHG materials 'HYHORSDUHFRJQLWLRQDQGDZDUGVFKHPHIRUORFDO C 16 L 3 – 5 years SW biodiversity champions Form partnerships with Sydney Water and Woodville C 17 *ROI&RXUVHWRPDQDJHDUHDDGMDFHQWWR:DGGDQJDOOL M 3 – 5 years SW/OSNR/CS Woodland for conservation (QJDJHIDFWRULHVDGMDFHQWULSDULDQFRUULGRUVRQWKH C 18 Threatened Species Management e.g Cumberland Plain + < 3 years SW/OSNR/CS /DQG6QDLO$FDFLD3XEHVFHQV3RPDGHUULVSUXQLIROLD Investigate feasibility of biodiversity planting along C 19 SURSRVHGF\FOHZD\URXWHIURP*XLOGIRUGWR3RWWV+LOO L 3 – 5 years SW/OSNR/CS Reservoir to connect corridor and provide buffer &RQGXFW©%LRGLYHUVLW\2SHQ'D\VªRUDJXLGHGZDON SURJUDPDWNH\EXVKODQGUHVHUYHVWRSURPRWHWKH C 20 M Ongoing SW LPSRUWDQFHRIELRGLYHUVLW\HFRV\VWHPVXVHRILQGLJHQRXV species in garden plantings (VWDEOLVKDQGPDLQWDLQSDUWQHUVKLSVZLWKDGMRLQLQJ councils and relevant agencies to support regional C 21 L Ongoing OSNR ELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQSURJUDPVHJZLOGOLIHFRUULGRUV FRQQHFWLYLW\ZHHGVIHUDODQLPDOVHWF Prioritise use of native species in plant and tree giveaways C 22 WRHQFRXUDJHWKHFRPPXQLW\WRLPSURYHEDFN\DUGKDELWDW L < 3 years PS for native wildlife Support and expand community participation and C 23 volunteering in events and activities that protect and L Ongoing OSNR LPSURYHELRGLYHUVLW\HJ1DWLRQDO7UHH'D\ Promote and encourage local businesses to participate in C 24 L <3 years SW planting events and activities 'HYHORSSDUWQHUVKLSVZLWKHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVWR C 25 M 3 - 5 years OSNR facilitate local biodiversity research opportunities 8QGHUWDNHVWRUPZDWHUHGXFDWLRQWRSURPRWHWKH C 26 LPSRUWDQFHRIORFDOFUHHNVDQGZDWHUZD\VDVELRGLYHUVLW\ L Ongoing SW hotspots Establish an ongoing Natural Area Interpretation program WRWDUJHWDQGHQJDJH&$/'FRPPXQLW\DQGUHVLGHQWV C 27 about native plants and animals and to facilitate M Ongoing SW / OSNR environmentally sensitive recreation in local bushland reserves

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 48 Action table continued

Equip 'HYHORSDUDQJHRILQFHQWLYHV íQDQFLDOQRQíQDQFLDO WR C 28 encourage residents to reduce illegal dumping of weeds L 3 – 5 years OSNR e.g. weed swap for local native seedling Liaise with local libraries to establish a biodiversity C 29 L < 3 years SW resources section Provide a list of local native plant nurseries and local C 30 L < 3 years SW species for residents 'HYHORSDQGSURYLGHDWUDLQLQJSDFNDJHIRUSDUNV UHVHUYHVPDLQWHQDQFHDQGSURMHFWVWDIIWRLQFUHDVH C 31 awareness of legislative responsibilities for protection M < 3 years OSNR DQGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHVSRSXODWLRQVDQG ecological communities 3URYLGHWUDLQLQJLQZLOGOLIHKDELWDWUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUSDUNV C 32 L 3 – 5 years OSNR / reserve staff and volunteers ,PSURYHDZDUHQHVVDQGSURPRWHUHSRUWLQJRIVLJQLíFDQW C 33 diseases and pathogens such as Phytopthora and Myrtle L < 3 years OSNR 5XVWE\&RXQFLOVWDIIFRQWUDFWRUVDQGYROXQWHHUV Empower Implement actions related to biodiversity conservation DQGHGXFDWLRQLGHQWLíHGLQ$ERULJLQDO&XOWXUDO+HULWDJH C 34 Study 2003 (e.g. support establishment of Aboriginal L < 3 years OSNR/SW/CCB weaving gardens with local native plant species e.g. Lomandra longifolia that can be harvested regularly) 'LVWULEXWH%LRGLYHUVLW\6WUDWHJ\PDSSLQJLQIRUPDWLRQWR C 35 L < 3 years OSNR relevant Council staff and provid training as required Promote and support the establishment of verge gardens and community gardens to utilise native species and C 36 L 5 years + SW/CCB QDWLYHEXVKWXFNHUSODQWVZLWKORFDO'DUXJHOGHUVWR increase awareness and support urban fauna habitat &ROODERUDWHZLWKSULPDU\VHFRQGDU\DQGWHUWLDU\ C 37 educational institutions to develop biodiversity monitoring L 5 years + SW programs

Liaise with Councils nursery to develop a demonstration C 38 site for biodiversity conservation gardens to be used for M 3 – 5 years SW community education Identify and prioritise sites suitable for corporate planting C 39 L 5 years + OSNR events / activities Encourage community reporting of illegal activities C 40 HJPRWRUELNHULGLQJGXPSLQJYDQGDOLVPVXVSHFWHG L Ongoing OSNR encroachment in bushland reserves Encourge participation of Aboriginal people in the C 41 LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIîRUDDQGIDXQDDQGWKUHDWHQHGVSHFLHV M 3 – 5 years CCB UHFRYHU\SURMHFWV

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 49 Applied Ecology (2011) Flora and Fauna Surveys of KWWSZZZQSZVLHSXEOLFDWLRQVDUFKLYH%XOORFNB Core Bushland Areas Autumn 2011 HWBDOBB(FRQRPLFB B6RFLDOB%HQHíWVBRIB Biodiversity.pdf Applied Ecology (2012) Parramatta Snapshot Fauna Surveys September 2011 – February 2012 http://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20131604- KWPO"XWPBVRXUFH IHHGEXUQHU Applied Ecology (2012) Parramatta Snapshot Fauna Survey September – February 2012 http://www.smh.com.au/environment/animals/ KRVSLWDOKHURWKLVIURJKDVWKHPDNLQJVRID Cardno (2010) Biological Survey of Parramatta lifesaver-20120316-1vahu.html Waterways Aquatic Ecology prepared for Parramatta City Council +\GHU&RQVXOWLQJ Review of Environmental and Sustainability Targets- Recommendations for Cardno (2013) Parramatta River Estuary Coastal Development of Revised Targets 2012 prepared for Zone Management Plan prepared for Parramatta Parramatta City Council City Council Informed decisions 2015 Parramatta LGA Chivlan and Bernstein (2011) How our health 'HPRJUDSKLF3URíOHKWWSHFRQRP\LGFRPDX depends on biodiversity &HQWUHIRU+HDOWKDQG parramatta *OREDO(QYLURQPHQW+DUYDUG0HGLFDO6FKRRO86$ IUCN http://www.iucn.org/what/biodiversity/about Commonwealth of Australia (2009) Assessment of Australia’s Terrestrial Biodiversity 2008 ,YHV7D\ORU'DYLHVDQG:LONV How wide is

References wide enough? The relationship between riparian Commonwealth of Australia (2010) Australia buffer width, condition and biodiversity: an Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010 – 2030 assessment of urban creek systems in the Ku-ring- 'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQW&OLPDWH&KDQJHDQG gai local government area1RUWK6\GQH\16:RI Water (NSW) (2011) Cumberland Plain Recovery 3K\VLFDO*HRJUDSK\0DFTXDULH8QLYHUVLW\6\GQH\ 3ODQ'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQW&OLPDWH&KDQJH 1RUWK5\GH16: DQG:DWHU 16: 6\GQH\ .DVV/LVWRQ0F&O\PRQW Parramatta A Past Eco Logical Australia (2012) Biodiversity Plan 2012 Revealed Parramatta City Council – Parramatta City Council prepared for Parramatta Kuo (2010) Parks and other green environments: City Council essential components of a healthy human habitat Fuller (2013) National Environmental Research Research Series Program’s Environmental Decision Hubs UQ /RRNHDU Parramatta River Interpretation )XOOHU,UYLQH:DUUHQ*DVWRQ 3V\FKRORJLFDO Plan prepared for Parramatta City Council EHQHíWVRI*UHHQVSDFHLQFUHDVHZLWKELRGLYHUVLW\ Micromex (2015) Sport and Recreation Survey Biological Letters 3 p390 -394 prepared for Parramatta City Council http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/thre Muller and Werner (2008) Urban Biodiversity and atenedspecies/08468tsdsgreengoldenbro.pdf the Case for Implementing the Convention on http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/thre Biological Diversity in Towns and Cities in Urban atenedspecies/20100501CumberlandPlain.pdf Biodiversity and Design :LOH\%ODFNZHOO8QLWHG Kingdom

‘Life in Our City’ Parramatta Biodiversity Strategy 2015-2025 50 16:'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQWDQG&OLPDWH Parramatta River Catchment Group (2014) Our Living Change (2007) Introducing the NSW Threatened Catchment: Native Habitats and Fauna Species Priorities Action Statements (PAS) 3DUVRQV%ULQNHUKRII Climate Extremes and 16:1DWLRQDO3DUNVDQG:LOGOLIH6HUYLFH The Risk Assessment and Adaptation Plan prepared for Bioregions of New South Wales: their biodiversity, Parramatta City Council conservation and history 16:1DWLRQDO3DUNVDQG :LOGOLIH6HUYLFH+XUVWYLOOH 6HFUHWDULDWRIWKH&RQYHQWLRQRQ%LRORJLFDO'LYHUVLW\ 2XWORRN Cities and Biodiversity Outlook 16:2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQW +HULWDJH Action and Policy A global assessment of the links Technical Report to Accompany the NSW Biodiversity between urbanisation, biodiversity and ecosystem Strategy 2012-2017 services Montreal 16:2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQW +HULWDJH A Sunshine Coast Council (2010) Sunshine Coast Guide for managing community involvement in Council Biodiversity Strategy 2010 – 2020 threatened species recovery WWF Sustainability Council of Australia www. 16:2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQW +HULWDJH The environment.gov.au/nationalsustainabilitycouncil Native Vegetation of the Sydney Metropolitan Area TEEB (2011) Manual for Cities Economics of 16:2IíFHRI(QYLURQPHQW +HULWDJH ecosystems and biodiversity www.teebweb.org Biodiversity Invesment Opportunities Map: Mapping Townsend and Weerasuriya (2010) Beyond Blue to

References Priority Investment Areas for the Cumberland Subregion *UHHQWKHEHQHíWVRIFRQWDFWZLWKQDWXUHIRUPHQWDO health and wellbeing 'HDNLQ8QLYHUVLW\ NSW Rural Fire Service (2006) Bush Fire Environmental Assessment Code for NSW Who Cares About the Environment http://www. environment.nsw.gov.au/community/whocares.htm Parramatta 2038 Community Strategic Plan :RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQLVDWLRQZZZLXFQRUJ Parramatta City Council (2003) Biodiversity Plan what/biodiversity/about/ Parramatta City Council (2006) Natural Areas Plan of 8QLWHG1DWLRQV&RQYHQWLRQRQ%LRORJLFDO'LYHUVLW\ Management (2010) Aichi Biodiversity Targets, Retreived from https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/ Parramatta City Council (2012) State of Environment Report

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