The American Legion Magazine [Volume 81, No. 1 (July 1966)]

T H E AMERICAN

MAGAZINE GION THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT

by Maury Delman

THE U.S. WARTIME SHIPPING SICKNESS

HOW WE'RE PRACTICING TO PUT A MAN ON THE MOON

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JULY 1966 LEGION Volume 81, Number 1 POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Magazine Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Contents for July 1966 New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkia THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT 6 Art Editor BY MAURY DELMAN Al Marshall Assistant Editor Six years and 4,000 pages of testimoyiy in the Senate shed some John Antlreola light on the douhle-talk world you enter when you Associate Editors apply for credit on easy installments. Roy MilU-r James S. Swartz Assistant Art Editor VINCENNES, IND: ANCHOR OF THE EARLY MIDWEST 11 Walter H. Boll Production Manager BY ALDEW STEVENS An Bretzfield A travel article for today's motorists about the oldest permanent Copy Editor settlement (1732) in Indiana (now celebrating its Grail S. Hanford 150th year of statehood). Twenty-fourth in Circulation Manager the Series "Seeing Historic America." Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director Robert P. Redden THE U.S. WARTIME SHIPPING SICKNESS 12 Chicago Sales Office BY ROBERT ANGUS Niik. Anios 35 East Wacker Drive A look at the habitually corroded condition of the U.S. Chicago, 111. 60601 312 CEntral 6-2401 Merchant Marine when it's needed in the nation's defense. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, HOW WE'RE PRACTICING TO PUT A Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office MAN ON THE MOON 16 Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code BY GEJVE BYLINSKY number and current membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. A behind-the-scenes view of the rugged testing and training of the men and machines whose goal is the moon by 1970. The American Legion Publications Commission:

James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. ( Chairman) ; SHOULD ALL CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS BE Adolph F. Bremer, W inona, Minn. ( Vice Chairman) Lang Armstrong;, Spokane, Wash.; OPEN TO RADIO-TV? 22 ; Charles E. Booth, Huntington, U' . Va.; John TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Cicero, Sivoyervitle, Pa.; t. J. Cooper, Holly- Little Rock, pro: rep. ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH (R-KAN.) wood, Fla.; Clovis Co[.eland, con: rep. JAMES G. O'HARA (D-MICH.) Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Downingtown, Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guynion, Okla.; Chris Her- nandez, Savannah, Ga.; George D. Levy, Sum-

ter, S.C. ; Dr. Charles li. Logan, Keokuk, THE LIVING LEGEND OF THE DC-3 24 loiva; Howard E. Lohman, Moorhead, Minn.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, A.}'.; Morris Meyer, BY LYMAN M. NASH Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, III.; Harry H. The story of the "most wonderful airplanes ever built," the La.; Robert Mitchler. Osivego, — Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, fabulous DC-3s nearly half of which are still flying Los Altos, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, though the last was made in 1946. Ind.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala. Edward Mc- Sweeney, Armonk, N.Y. (Consultant) THE LONG ROAD OUT OF THE JUNGLE 30 BY NATIONAL COMMANDER L. ELDOJV JAMES The American Legion Magazine is published There is a positive solution to the problems of the monthly at 1100 West Broadway. Louisville, American Copyright warring world, and it's as old as the Magna Carta. Ky. 40201 by The Legion, 1966 by The American Legion. Second-class But we seem to be slipping away from it. postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single

copy, 20 cents ; yearly subscription, S2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- Departments culation Def)artment of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS New York, N.Y. 10019. Wliolly owned by The American Legion, witli National Head- EDITOR'S CORNER 4 PERSONAL quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. L. Eldon VETERANS NEWSLETTER 31 BOOKS James, National Commander. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 LEGION SHOPPER DATELINE WASHINGTON 45 PARTING SHOTS Publisher's Representative Northwest Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Harlowe Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Seattle, Wash. 98105

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 —

been refitting into a floating museum at a dock in Baltimore Harbor. LEHERS TO THE EDITOR Richard B. Tobias, M.D. South Williamsport, Pa.

sir: I must strongly protest your state- Letters published do not necessarily ex- or False?" It is outstanding and comes ment that the Constellation was broken press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must out of the hearts of all of us who love up in 1854. Baltimore has been proud to Expressions opinion and be furnished. of our country and the ideals we work for. have the Constellation docked in her requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Chet Flint harbor for the past several years. answered, due to lack of magazine staff for Hayfork, Calif. Mrs. Vincent Imbraguglio these purposes. Requests for personal services which may be legitimately asked of Baltimore, Md. American Legion should be made to The SIR: Congratulations on the article .... your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send I am particularly proud that The Ameri- sir: In the engrossing story of Old Iron- letters to the editor to: Letters. The can Legion Magazine has consistently sides, Mr. Ditzel states that the Consti- American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. worked to build, rather than to destroy, tution's sister ship Constellation was

the love and respect which all Ameri- broken up in 1854. . . . The Constellation THE POWELL REPORT cans should have for our country. Your is today at Pier 4, Pratt Street, Balti- article has exposed the true nature of more. She remained on the Navy's active sir: It was an inspiration to read Tal- ." today's "guilt pleaders. . . list until 1955, and during World War 2 mage Powell's article, "America Is was the flagship of the Atlantic Fleet. Guilty of Everything: True or False?" Ralph L. Denton Boulder City, Nev. Mrs. Robert Estrom (May). I wish every newspaper in the Branford, Conn. nation would reprint these optimistic statements. We need more straight TOP TEN CONSUMER GYPS THE GIRLS OF WINTHROP thinking like this. sir: The article, "The Top Ten Consumer SIR: Recently, the young women at Win- D. V. Buchanan Gyps in the U.S.A.," appearing in your throp College in Rock Hill, S.C., asked Enid, Okla. April 1966 issue was certainly timely. My sincere congratulations to you and what they could do to help the Vietnam were your staff and to Mr. Jack Pearl, the war effort. Blood donations sug- SIR: Talmage Powell's article made me writer of the article, for a commendable gested as one of the most worthwhile want to stand up and cheer. I hope you job. things. The Red Cross made arrange- are planning to issue reprints of the Thousands of cases similar to those so ments and set up the equipment, expect- article. If it not has occurred to you, In expertly depicted in the article flow ing less than 100 persons to show up. please consider it. You might also sug- all, donated their through a division of office, The nearly 200 students gest to Mr. Powell that he expand the my Bu- reau of Consumer Fraud. This Bureau blood, and many were turned away be- article into a book. With more material was created by Legislative Act of the cause there was not sufficient equipment it would have as much meat in it as any Illinois State Legislature. Through the at hand to take care of them. In these of Vance Packard's very successful denouncing our powers granted to my office in the Act, days of demonstrations books, which have been arousing my ire successful in policy in Vietnam, sit-ins (take-overs) for years. we have been eliminating proposed selective service many of the gyp artists in the area. Con- against the Esther M. Long draft-card burners, it stant vigilance, however, is required. changes and the Flemington, Pa. while Public education to the menace of the is encouraging to see that some of us not want our men fighting gyp artist is the obvious solution to this may SIR: Congratulations on publishing Mr. cancerous condition existing in the con- overseas, at least many of us are doing Powell's article. It is one of the best long as they sumer field. Articles such as yours will something to help them as pieces of patriotic literature that I girls. I have alert the gullible consumer at the proper are there. God bless these hope seen in several years. their efforts will be copied by others. time before he is swindled, duped, O. D. Link, Jr. gypped or otherwise victimized. F. W. Bradley S.C. Monroe, La. William G. Clark, Attorney General Columbia, State of Illinois MIRROR, MIRROR ON THE WALL sir: The article was just what I was Chicago, III. looking for in my work with the Boy SIR: Of particular interest are your regular articles which retell a famous Scouts. It is unfortunate that our na- WHERE'S NTS? tional press plays up the activities of American history story. For example, sir: What is a U.S. address for NTS, the the small percentage the Boston Tea Party, by John Clagett of youngsters who Russian patriotic underground organi- children, ages are bad and overlooks the (May) . My wife and three wonderful zation featured in Eugene Lyons' article accomplishments of the majority. 9, 12 and 14 also enjoy reading these in your April issue? I, and several James H. stories. The latest one by Clagett was Page friends, would like to send them con- even taken into their classrooms in Portland, Me. tributions. school. I congratulate you on this series S. Eisen and hope you keep it up. sir: The article "America Is Guilty of Seattle, Wash. Hayden, President, ." Hayden C. Everything . . was quite refreshing Hayden Flour Mills because it tabulates many of the good NTS Radio Free Russia, P.O. Box Tempe, Ariz. things in our society as well as those 7043, Arlington, Va. 22207. strong characteristics that will no doubt sir: I want to take this opportunity to help us to endure. CONSTELLATION GONE? congratulate you on your consistently Jack Ladley sir: Paul Ditzel's article on Old Iron- excellent magazine. Mt. Lebanon, Pa. sides (June) says the U.S.S. Constella- Richard Rizzo tion was broken up in Norfolk in 1854. I Dania, Fla. sir: All I can say to you is thanks a mil- think he may be wrong, for I saw this lion times. The article by Talmage ship in Baltimore less than a year ago. sir: Your magazine is monotonous and Powell at least fabulous. was Ray Helinski dull. You keep explaining the Vietnam T. A. Beirne Steelton, Pa. war though you can't explain it away. Momence, III Every month you publish some cliche sir: The Constellation gone? Not com- of American history at inordinate length SIR: Thank you very, very much for pletely. I recommend Mr. Ditzel visit the —Old Ironsides, Casey Jones, Benedict "America Is Guilty of Everything: True ancient hulk that the Sea Scouts have Arnold, Washington Crossing the Dela-

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 —

ware, Abe Lincoln and His Soldiers, etc., ad nauseam. We don't need history today, we need a plan for a better future. In American politics you seem to bend over backwards to treat all alike, though most publications make up their minds one way or another before election day. You slide into the corner of every Pres- ident—you were kind to Eisenhower and are as kind to Johnson. You pay more heed to other lands than our own, with your pieces on India, Pakistan, Formosa, China, De Gaulle, the Common Market, Latin America. When you look at the United States it is either ancient history or something so studiously "in balance" that it is neither fish nor fowl. The voice of dissent seems to find no space on your pages, though it is the biggest movement of the times. What are you for or against? J. F. Brown Chicago, III. sir: Our magazine seems to be newer than it is old. The recent covers are modern, important and striking—on a par with the best to be found. The editorial material consistently lives up to the promise of the covers. It is awake, Touch-Tone push buttons are swift servants of the modern hand. With them you place calls informative, useful, expert and clear. faster and someday will "input" instructions into bank and store computers to render and pay The choice of subjects takes us over bills, transfer money, charge purchases, verify credit and thus gain greater command of per- ground where we need more knowledge sonal time and energy. Still other ways they can free you of daily drudgery are being explored. than we have. You portray America and the world—past, present and future balanced to the facts, free of the noisy clamor of partisanship, while your Tomorrow's Telephone Service- writers bring up short the stupidities of the day with calm and tolerant hands. A Forecast It's a pleasure to be a part owner, as a Legion member, of a magazine nearly 50 years old that's as new as tomorrow. Bell System planning now extends to the year 2000. Meanwhile, you seem to escape the We see possibilities that go beyond. Already, Touch-Tone® cliches of modern journalism that bom- service has become a magic key to many doors. bard us elsewhere in the press and over the airwaves. Plainly, our magazine, which was great in the past, is now in New advances in telephone ser- year and more are being added. a new age of greatness. Please keep it up. R. W. Schwartz vice promise to make your daily Spurred by what we have learned Philadelphia, Pa. life easier, and give you still more from Electronic Switching, we are command of your personal time now adapting existing equipment You pays your money and you takes and energy. to test new optional services that your choice. One advance is today's Touch- . . . switch your calls to your host's

COLD WAR Gl BILL IN DEPTH Tone service — the push-button home for the evening . . . add a

SIR: Your "Veterans Newsletter" recent- means of placing calls that is now third phone to a conversation . . . ly gave a concise rundown of the new being introduced in many areas. hold one call on your home phone GI Bill of Rights for all veterans of while you answer another, then These buttons will not only let honorable military service since January go back to the first. 1951. Are you planning an additional you call your bank, for example, that lets article on the subject in more depth but may someday put you "on Picturephone* service than your Newsletter affords? line" into your bank's computer you see while you talk will add J. F. HOLDERNESS in order to pay bills, verify de- visual enjoyment to your calls.

Chicago, III. posits, and use revolving credit. There is no end to telephone There are many such "input" uses progress. As new service needs We presently have a bead on our for these ten little buttons. arise, new Bell System thinking will September issue for such a rundown in depth. Another big step forward is the meet them. Electronic Switching System, which For the Bell System is simply FREE CHINA TODAY in the years ahead will be handling people at work for other people, sir: I want to compliment you on your almost all phone calls. The first to make communications serve bet- article, "A Look at Free China Today," ESS office went into operation last ter in many more personal ways.

by Jefi Endrst (May) . Every free Chi- nese is familar with the character of >tService mark of the BelL System Communism, and has no delusions about it. This, regrettably, is not true of much

of the . rest of the free world. . . Bell System Lloyd Flugum American Telephone & Telegraph Bricelyn, Minn. and Associated Companies THE AlVIERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 3 Senate has for a reason, if- the dipping "fs correct, we don't know, nor do we know EDITOR'S if the proposal went through the rest of the state legislative process and became law. Massachusetts is the seat of so much Cash in ^CORNER— colonial history of which it is justly proud that it seems hard to believe that the Com- THE FABULOUS THREE monwealth would take the initiative in starting to obscure it. We hope they aren't FIRST THE TIME we ever rode on a DC-3 just drawing a bead on Washington be- airplane it was the Army's C-47 version. cause he was a Virginian. As ye sow, so We lifted off from the strip at Milne OH a new Bay, shall ye reap, and we look forward to 'Vir- New Guinea, and headed right for the ginia retahating by erasing Bunker Hill, mountains beside the strip. Then we Lexington and Concord, Paul Revere and started plodding at up a speed that didn't the Boston Tea Party from its histories if seem enough to hold the Wright brothers' that's the case. first craft aloft. You could just about reach leisnra tine out and touch the treetops all the way over OUR SICK SHIPPING the rim. Only when we landed smoothly In "The U.S. Wartime Shipping Sick- on Los Negros in rain like you never saw ness," on page 12, Robert Angus gives you did we believe that the pilot knew what the big picture behind the odd bits you've he was doing or cared for his life. been reading in the papers about our mer- Years later we rode a commercial Three chant shipping dilemma in the Vietnam from Panama to Tegucigalpa, Honduras, bnsiness! crisis. with the missus in tow. This time we had the faith. We circled almost inside the ANNIVERSARY active crater of the volcano outside San Jose, Costa Rica, without turning a hair, THE Jewish War Veterans mark 1966 and when we came to the big mountain as their 70th anniversary. They were organized as the Hebrew Union Veterans bowl in which Honduras' capital city is hidden, the faithful old DC-3 dropped of the Civil War at a meeting in New down in spirals that almost grazed moun- York's Lexington Opera House on March tainside cornfields each time around. 16, 1896. The name was later changed to "Routine," we said to the lady, figuratively the Jewish War Veterans of the United States. Of 150,000 Jews in brushing a corn tassel from one eye. We the United States at the time, weren't surprised, on landing at Teguci- some 11,000 served on the galpa, to learn that this capital city of a Union side in the Civil War, and others the nation without a single railroad or (at that on Confederate side. Unlike many time) highway from the outside leading other veterans groups that organized purely out of pride, the Jewish veterans into it, had long since been opened up to also the world purely by way of the DC-3. organized to defend their name against With these, and other memorable rides charges that none of them had fought. in Three's behind us, we were sentimental According to Bert Sack, president of The suckers for Lyman Nash's "The Living Civil War Memorial Committee (Bronx, Legend of the DC-3" which you'll find on N.Y.) and a member of United Manhat- tan Post page 24. It's great to know that now, two 9, American Legion, Harpers decades after the last one came off the Magazine had published an article stating Douglas production line, almost half of that a Union officer claimed he had not met in service in the Tin Lizzies of the Skies still fly. one Jew the Civil War. A completely new and revolutionary type of That was instrumental in causing the JWV model car raceway offers tremendous income to organize in its original form as a Civil opportunities. SO MUCH A MONTH FOR X MONTHS War outfit. They set out to educate By purchasing and placing — on a percentage IF, at a few points, the going EVEN seems Harpers, citing eight generals, twenty-one basis — model car raceways specially designed a little hard, we suggest that you read colonels, 40 majors, 205 captains, 325 lieu- rooms, recre- for bowling alleys, family billiard all the way through "The Organized Con- tenants, 48 adjutants and 25 surgeons as ation centers and similar heavy-traffic locations fusion of Easy Credit," by Maury Delman, Jews in service in rank in — you can have a steady and substantial source commissioned on page 6 of this issue. Mr. Delman has of income without fixed working hours. the Union Army. To that they added some managed to give you the meat of some of recipients ranks No sales experience necessary. We obtain and Medal Honor from the 4,000 pages of testimony that has been supply your initial accounts and finance a major of the 11,000—Abraham Cohen for hero- given in the Senate over the last six years portion of your business. We also provide all ism at the Battle of the Wilderness; David on the matter of what easy installment necessary instruction. You simply install the Orbansky (gallantry, Vicksburg); Isaac credit costs, and how little the average equipment, service your accounts on a weekly Gause and Abraham Graubwalt (for cap- time-payment borrower or purchaser is basis, and collect the profits! turing enemy's colors in battle); and Lt. apt to know, even as he signs on the dotted The investment is low, the hours are short, but Col. Leopold C. Newman, who was raised line. the profit potential is enormous. Let us show to Brigadier on his deathbed by Lincoln, you how Model Car Racing can be the ideal part following wounds at Chancellorsville. time or full time business for you. Please write INCIDENTAL INTELLIGENCE In the wars we know about, you couldn't or phone today for complete information. ACCORDING TO a clipping sent us by Er- tell what the players would do by their win Wagner of Monroe, Mich., the names, ranks, religions, colors, national- Massachusetts Senate has passed a bill re- ities, muscles or anything else at all. You AMERICAN MODEL CAR naming George Washington's Birthday found out when the chips were down, and "President's Day," to be observed on the there was no other test. Often the guy who RACEWAYS, INC. third Monday in February instead of on was scared pea green stood to the line the Feb. 22. Mr. Wagner made it known in best, whether he was Cywinski, Demet- 8447 Wilshire Boulevard, Dept. RRA no uncertain terms that he doesn't like the riou, DiNapoli, Cohen, Schwartz, O'Toole, Beverly Hills, California 90211 idea, and he would welcome receiving a Jones, Martinez, D'Entreville or Chuniley. Phone: (213) 653-3530 collection of personal reactions to it from A good thing, too. The guys who were Cable Address: AMERMODCAR Telex: 674-959 others, sent to him at Box 14, Monroe, scared pea green were no minority. Mich. 48161. Just what the Massachusetts RBP

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 ! ! .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 By MAURY DELMAN SINCE 1961. massive testimony has been taken by the Senate Banking and Currency Committee based on the simple proposition that when the average consumer (that's you) borrows EASY PAYMENTS money or buys something on credit he IMTFPFRT has only the fuzziest notion of what he's doing, while the average lender seldom tells him in any way that makes easy sense. To date, the printed testimony on the subject easily surpasses in volume the complete works of William Shakespeare. It exceeds 4,000 pages. A single copy of the whole record tips the scales at nearly ten pounds.

The cause of the hearings is a proposed law, known as the Truth in Lending Bill

(Senate Bill 2275) . It has led to the most expensive investigation ever by the Bank- ing and Currency Committee.

The aim of the bill is to compel ex- tenders of credit to consumers to tell the customers what the credit will cost in dollars and cents, and what that represents in annual interest rates. A public that would scream at annual interest rates of 18%, 24% or 36% thinks The bill wouldn't allow any finagUng The Organized

4 What a six-year drama in a Senate

Committee has revealed about the habits

************** of American lenders and borrowers.

EXCEPT FOR: HANDLING over what is interest and what they have assumed the roles of contend- INSURANCE isn't. It avoids the word "inter- ing generals marshaling their forces est" as assiduously as some lend- against each other in long, open, verbal ADMINISTRATION ers do. It would lump all charges warfare during the years of hearings. INVESTIGATION that you pay for credit under the Lined up behind Senator Bennett on •POSTAGE single heading of ''finance the Against side is the bulk of that world 'PLACEMENT charges," whether the lender or of business which extends consumer calls "interest," "serv- considerable volume. (The bill 'and LUNCH seller them credit in ice charges," "placement fees," is not intended to apply to business "loan insurance" or anything else. credit.) The familiar small loan finance Hardly any of the testimony companies, the auto finance companies on the bill has been neutral. Witnesses and many auto dealers, department

were For it or Against it. Acknowledged stores, some mail order houses and The

leader of the For's is Sen. Paul Douglas, American Bankers Association (repre-

of Illinois, though he is outranked in the senting most commercial banks) rally For camp by the President, who has also against the bill behind Senator Bennett. consistently plugged the bill. Go ahead and require a statement of Acknowledged leader of the Against's the dollars and cents cost of credit, says

is Sen. Wallace F. Bennett, of Utah. Doug- Bennett. But a correct statement of in- las and Bennett are both on the main terest rates on many forms of credit is a The Truth in Lending Bill would require committee and on the subcommittee matter far too complex to be required lenders to lump all their various credit charges under one heading and one rate. studying the bill. In the subcommittee by law.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 little of paying monthly rates of 11/2%. 2% or 3%. But they are, respectively, exactly the same rates. Confusion of Easy Credit

Lined up behind Senator Douglas in do anything that the various state laws New York woman brought in bills which the For army is perhaps a larger, but so permit them to do today. They would just revealed that she'd been charged 49% far less successful, array. It includes: have to tell the customer in writing what interest on a 24-month furniture pur-

(a) The savings and loan associa- the deal is, in figures and language that chase. The furniture cost $389, and she tions. They believe that as much as pos- the customer should be able to under- had to pay $588, or $199 for 24 months' sible you should save your money at in- stand—how many dollars and cents extra credit. terest and buy for cash when you've saved he will pay in total for the credit, over A Pittsburgh borrower got $900 from

it, thus earning instead of paying interest, and above the amount of the loan or pur- a small loan firm. When the interest on and cutting down credit costs. chase, and what all that represents in his 24 monthly payments of $58.10 was (b) The labor unions. They take um- simple, annual interest rates. calculated correctly, the rate proved to brage at the number of workingmen and Where Sen. Douglas has made the be 52%. their wives who have paid excessive most hay in the testimony on the bill A Harvard Law School graduate dis- credit costs, and who have been talked is in the lengthy and hair-raising citation covered a week after signing a $3,000 into buying beyond their means by "easy of credit charges and practices that are note that the rate was somewhere be-

credit" sales promotions which they exorbitant on the face of it, including tween 24% and 33%. An FBI agent in didn't understand until too late. examples in which well-educated people Washington, D.C., bought a car on a deal

(c) The nation's credit unions. As co- have gone for rates that by any standard that looked like 4% . Figured by experts, operatives, they have been making in- are out of line. The terms as stated are it turned out to be over 20%. stallment loans to consumers at 12% often as untranslatable by the educated A familiar practice of stores and small for nearly half a century and telling the as by the uneducated. loan companies is to cite the monthly

open truth about it. A U.S. Office of Education study, interest, which is a small-looking number (d) Numerous professional and con- charting total charges of various banks even if the annual rate is high. You mul- sumer groups; college economists (a few (which are far from the worst offenders) tiply by 12 to find the annual rate. A of the profs also have appeared on the gave a range for a $4,000 student loan l'/i% monthly charge is 18% per year. other side), and some federal agencies of credit costs varying from a low of A 2% monthly charge is 24% a year. A and departments. $352.40 by a bank in West Hempstead, 3% monthly charge is 36% a year. Some The Douglas camp marshals many ar- N.Y., to a high of $91 1.00 by a bank in charges by licensed small loan companies guments in favor of the bill. The most Jackson, Mich. run as high as 3Vi % a month. That's disarming of these is that the bill doesn't Servicemen buying used cars have 42% a year on the unpaid balance. propose to regulate anything except the been charged as high as 100% interest Credit union witnesses cited numerous truth. They are quick to tell you that if on two-year installment purchases. A cases of workingmen who'd come to the bill were passed, lenders could still ILLUSTRATED BY BOB CLARKE them for help after they'd gotten into THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 7 Congresswoman Leonor Sullivan (Mo.) likens some lenders and merchants to dope peddlers catering to the weaknesses of what she calls "credit addicts."

CONTINUED $ 1 00 in exchange for your note for $ 1 06 to be paid ofi' in 12 equal monthly in- The Organized Confusion stallments. (This is called an add-on loan. The total interest charge of $6 is added to the face amount of the note.)

of Easy Credit Another bank says it will lend you the $100 "discounted." If you sign a note jams on purchases they couldn't pay for eral control of everyone's business, and for $ 1 00, they'll subtract a $6 charge at because the credit costs were far higher in the further destruction of the Ameri- the start. You'll leave the bank with $94 than they'd thought at the time of pur- can free enterprise system. Quite the op- and promise to pay back an even $ 1 00 in chase. Many of them couldn't be bailed posite, say Douglas and his followers. 12 equal monthly installments. out on any reasonable grounds. The The cost of consumer credit today not Even though the discount loan will seller demanded a penalty for paying off only frequently takes the customer for only put $94 in your pocket, instead of the note in advance (with the proceeds all the traffic will bear, but all that ignor- $100, you decide you'll choose that one of a new 12% loan from the credit un- ance will bear. The free enterprise sys- of the three off'ers which gives you the ion) which added to the woes of the tem isn't working as it should in the lowest interest rate on the money you buyer. credit field, they claim. Credit costs are actually get. Which do you choose—the Among the vast collection of cases so camouflaged and obscured that cus- add-on, the discount or your friend's presented to the Senate subcommittee tomers often have no idea what they are 10% offer? since 1961 was that of a woman with paying for it, and aren't apt to find out If you are an average person you can't four children to support on $44 a week. if many present lending obscurities con- figure this out at all, though both the add- Appealing to her parental pride, a local tinue. Pass this bill, they say, and the on and the discount are extremely com- "conservatory" of music persuaded her average Joe will be able to go into the mon types of small loans, and the figures to buy a $600 accordion for a daughter market place and shop for credit the way in our example are about as simple as who was said to have "great talent." his wife compares soap and food prices. any you might face in a real situation. Within months the "conservatory" re- Only then, they say, will credit costs find As a matter of fact, nobody can com- ported that the daughter had "such ex- their true competitive level in a free en- pare these loans exactly, and your friend ceptional talent" that an $1,800 instru- terprise system. can't work out an exact schedule of payment would be necessary. The carrying The reader can easily test his own ments whereby he can charge you pre- charges alone came to $400—a simple price-shopping ability in the credit field. cisely 10%. interest rate of 20% if the original Let's say you want to borrow $100 and As long as payments are made in equal $1,800 price were correct. When the pay ofl" the loan and the interest in 12 monthly installments, no schedule of woman finally reached the edge of bank- equal monthly installments. payments can be set up to charge you ruptcy she discovered that she could have A friend says: "I'll lend you the $100 any selected, simple, annual interest rate bought the same instrument elsewhere and charge at an annual rate of 10% on right on the nose. It will always come out for only $400 and at half the interest the unpaid balance each month. I haven't in unpayable and enormously long frac- rate. One witness had bought a TV set figured what the equal monthly payments tions of cents, and it's not apt—even in on installments over 30 months. The will be, but whatever they come to, I'll round numbers—to be evenly divisible rate of interest turned out to be 143%! do it." by the number of payments. By the same The Lending bill is accused of being You tell him to wait a while. You stop token, any attempt to figure the precise just one more step in the process of fed- in at a bank which offers to lend you the interest rate on any set schedule of pay-

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1966 ments will end up in answers to endless

decimal places. But that is all academic. Any of the answers can be figured for all practical purposes, with nobody getting hurt more than a few cents. But the average person can't even come up with the approximate answers, and a pretty good hand at numbers can crease his brow over them unless he has a computer nearby. These difficulties don't bother lenders. They work from printed tables which tell them what to charge each month at any useful interest rate on any likely loan amount over any reasonable period of months. Their tables are never exact, but are true for all practical purposes.

If Mr. Douglas' bill should pass, he would probably expect the enforcing

agency (which, against its will, would be the Federal Reserve) to put out a set of Government interest-rate tables for time payments, and require lenders to tell borrowers where their loans stand on those tables. That would spare lenders the hardship of doing impossible mathematics and permit them to advise bor- Lenders and easy-credit sellers are accused of befuddling borrowers with a semantic cloud of confusion regarding the true cost of credit. rowers in the same manner by which they advise themselves.

If you had such a printed table you $ 1 00 for the whole year, then paid back fectly happy to let their customers de- would see that your friend made you the $106. But when you pay back the money ceive themselves that these are 6% loans. best offer with his deal to let you have in monthly installments, you have the Back in the 1930's, some of the nation's for only aver- $ 1 00 at 1 0% . The $ 1 00 loan with the $6 whole $100 a month. The leading auto finance companies openly add-on comes to a little more than 11%, age amount of the lender's money that advertised the add-on loan cited here as and the $94 loan plus $6 discounted you hold for a year is a little over $50, "the 6% plan." They stopped in the face comes close to 12%. The woods are full and the $6 charge comes to a little less of a federal charge of fraudulent adver- of people who suppose offhand that a $6 than 12% interest. tising. They knew, as did the Govern- "1 charge on a one-year loan of $ 1 00 makes There is no question that there have ment, that it was an 1 Vi % plan." it a 6% loan. It would be if you kept the been many lenders who have been per- This bit of history puts a small punc- ture in the objection to the Truth in Lending Bill that the average, reputable

lender is not out to deceive the customers. The recent Senate hearings also brought out an instruction in a training manual for employees of a large-scale small loan company: "Once you get the customer answering questions, keep him going until you are through. If he breaks in, insisting on information, give him the minimum amount and say, 'If you will

just give me a little more information, I

am sure I can take care of you and better " answer your questions.' A staff member of this magazine made a $600 discount loan at one of New York's most respected commercial banks. $28.50 was discounted in advance. He pledged to repay $600 in 12 monthly payments of $50 each and walked out with $571.50. He called the bank back and asked what annual interest rate he was paying.

The bank told him 4.75% That is what the bank calls the "add-on rate." It bears little resemblance to the simple annual

rate—being barely more than half of it. 4.75% is the rate he would pay if he

borrowed the full $600, kept all of it for

Only a wizard could state the precise rate on equal-monthly-payment loans. a year, then repaid it all at once plus the THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 9 CONTINUED finance charges is far higher than that part separated as "interest" by the lender. A The Organized Confusion member of Senator Douglas' staff claims that any extra charge (unless it pays for extra value received by the customer) of Easy Credit is really interest. To tack extras on under other names is as devious, he says, as if housewives flocked to buy

$28.50 interest charge. Since he actually months." In the shady area of outright bread advertised at 3(^ a loaf, only to find borrowed $571.50 and repaid $50 each swindles even this is not stated clearly, extras added to each loaf to satisfy store month, his true simple annual interest and the customer finds the actual pay- rental, haulage charges, yeast, cashier rate he was charged $28.50 comes ments to be higher than he'd thought when fee and packaging—bringing the 3

Cost-Per-$l Chart Helps Estimate Interest Rate on Installment Credit

The table (right), based on a formula published by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, shows the approximate cost-per-$l (to Cost Per $1 on Selected Installment Credit 1/ 100th of a cent) on installment credit at various rates of simple annual interest, to be paid back over various numbers 12 18 24 30 36 of months. From it, you can figure the approximate annual Rate Months Months Months Months Months interest rate on any equal-payments-per-month credit to be 6% $.0325 $.0475 $.0625 $.0775 $.0925 paid back over 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. 8% .0433 .0633 .0833 .1033 .1233 Divide the amount of credit extended to you (the cash 10% .0542 .0792 .1042 .1292 .1542 you receive, or the purchase price less any down payment 12% .0650 .0950 .1250 .1550 .1850 and/ or trade-in) into the excess you will pay back over that 14% .0758 .1108 .1458 .1808 .2158

amount. The answer is your credit cost per $1. Find the 16% .0867 .1267 .1667 .2067 .2467

nearest figure to it in the column headed by the number of 18% .0975 .1425 .1875 .2325 .2775 months you will make payments. The interest rate appear- 20% .1084 .1584 .2084 .2584 .3084

ing on the same line is the approximate simple annual rate 22% .1192 .1742 .2292 .2842 .3392 charged you. 24% .1300 .1900 .2500 .3100 .3700 Example: You are offered a loan of $551 to repay at 26% .1408 .2058 .2708 .3358 .4008

$50 a month for 1 2 months. You'd pay back a total of $600, 28% .1517 .2217 .2917 .3617 .4317 which is $49 more than you borrowed. Your loan ($551) 30% .1625 .2375 .3125 .3875 .4625 goes into your credit cost ($49) about .0889 times. That's 32% .1733 .2533 .3333 .4133 .4933

your credit cost per $ 1 over the whole payment period. 34% .1852 .2692 .3542 .4392 .5242 Looking down the column labeled "12 months" you find 36% .1950 .2850 .3750 .4650 .5550 the figure .0867 opposite "!6%." The simple annual interest 38% .2058 .3008 .3958 .4908 .5858

rate on your credit is slightly over 16%. 40% .2167 .3166 .4166 .5166 .6166

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 (Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #24 dents of American history. We suggest you clip and save each as it appears.) A travel series for motorists By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

INDIANA IS NOW Celebrating the ISOth year of its statehood. Of its many historic sites, perhaps Vincennes rates the top attention of the tourist interested in Americana. Vincennes, located on Route US 50, lies in the southwest quadrant of the state, on the Wabash, about halfway between Terre Haute and Evansville, just across the Illinois border. It is the state's oldest town and the first capital of In- diana Territory. It has more than 30 places of historic interest, including the home of President William Henry Harri- son, who was also the first Territorial Governor. The Chamber of Commerce of Vincennes has a map showing the "Old Post Trail" along which are found 26 of Vincennes' historic sites. Vincennes started as a fur-trading

Two reminders of Indiana's contribution to American history are Vincennes' George Rogers Ciai-k Memorial (above, left) and the original territorial capitol building. Vincennes, Ind: Anchor Of The Early Midwest

post. Later it was a French fort, part of where the territorial capitol stands open pieces used by members of the family. a network which extended from Canada to the public. From this two-story frame Vincennes University (1801), first to New Orleans, before the French and building an area which now includes In- land-grant college established in the

Indian Wars saw the collapse of the diana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Northwest Territory, is just across the French empire in hinterland America. part of Minnesota was governed from street from Grouseland. It administers The town was founded in 1732, some 1800 until 1813. Nearby is a replica of the group of buildings and has a tourist 86 years before Indiana became a state information center in a log cabin on the in 1816. In the Revolutionary War campus. George Rogers Clark, acting for Vir- Abraham Lincoln and his family ginia, captured Fort Sackville at Vin- crossed the Wabash here in 1830, en cennes from the British in 1779. It was ^-59--' LawrenceviJIe route to Illinois. There is a monument the key to colonial control of the entire \ across the river in honor of this event. Northwest Territory of those days. On the site of the fort where Clark's 1966 Motel and Restaurant Info: historic action took place is the George Excellenf—Holiday Inn. 600 Wheatland Rd.. 2 miles north on US 41 & US 50. 100 A/C rooms, Rogers Clark Memorial, an imposing pool. Restaurant, bar. (812) 882-0381. Very good Doric edifice with a statue of Clark and Mt. Carmel —Vincennes Travelodge. 1411 Willow St., 1 mile south on US 41. 40 A/C rooms, pool. murals depicting his exploits. Very close Restaurant. (812) 882-1282. Good—Kum Back Inn. 1302 Willow St., 1 mile south on US 41. is of St. Xavler the territory's first newspaper plant (the by the old Cathedral Restaurant, bar. (812) 882-0780. (1826) which stands on the site of the Indiana Gazette of Elihu Stout, estab- first church in the territory. The excellent lished 1 804) with a Ramage press of the Your visit to any historic area will be Cathedral Library is the oldest in the type used by Stout. greatly enriched if you read about it first. state. The Old French Cemetery, with Grouseland, the Harrison mansion, Freeman Cleaves' "Old Tippecanoe" is a graves of many pioneer heroes, is next to built in 1803-1804, is in the same group very good biography of President Harri- this. of buildings. Harrison's family occupied son. Jeannette C. Nolan's "George Up the Wabash River about ten the house until 1812, when he became Rogers Clark" and John Bakeless' blocks, near First and Harrison Sts., is Commander-in-Chief of the Army in the "Background to Glory" are also of in- the Indiana Territory State Memorial Northwest. It is furnished with many terest.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 11 MARITIME ADMINISTRATION—U.S. DEP

For the third time in this century

a battle crisis finds us with

a makeshift supply fleet. Hudson River mothball fleet at Tompkin

THE U.S. WARTIME

BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION

By ROBERT ANGUS involvement in the war, 57 German submarines sank 519 U.S. vessels. you've been reading the papers you Today, some 871 merchant ships IFhave seen, from time to time, a lot (more than 200 fewer than in 1939) fly of disturbing items about our mer- the American flag. Of these, only 78 are chant shipping. Supply ships delayed in considered modern and capable of Saigon harbor. Foreign crews refusing speeds of 20 knots an hour or more. In to sail cargoes to South Vietnam. Log- addition, the United States has a reserve jams of material for Vietnam in Ameri- pool of 1,500 WW2 vessels upon which can warehouses. Charges and counter- to draw, plus shipping which, though it charges about what's wrong, what should doesn't fly our flag, is said to be under be done. Lawsuits threatened by mari- "effective U.S. control," plus the fleets time unions against the Government for of our NATO allies. Is this fleet large using foreign bottoms on the Vietnam enough or modern enough or available run. Eyebrows raised about the inade- enough to serve emergency defense quacy of our own shipping to back up needs? larger overseas commitments that our Spokesmen for the Defense Depart- national policies may lead us into. ment feel that we have enough ships to Unless you clip every item you see meet present demands. Other experts published you'd have a hard time fol- express the same thing a little more lowing it all. The story of the adequacy dismally—we're making-do with what's of our merchant fleet and our shipbuild- available. The Defense Department re- ing industry to stand behind the implicit fuses to speculate on how we might give needs of our foreign policy isn't a simple seagoing support to overseas operations tale, nor an especially reassuring one if present demands were scaled up, as today. We're operating on a makeshift they might be. What we're using now is pattern that smells strongly of twice- strongly based on foreign ships and learned lessons quickly forgotten. Let's sailors. A few more De GauUes could go back a bit, to see where we are and arbitrarily knock such crutches out how we got there. from under us. These eventualities 'When World War 2 broke out in bother shipping executives, union lead- One of the top WW2 yards, the Bethlehem Europe in 1939, there were some 1,095 ers, shipbuilders, some members of merchant ships flying the American flag Congress and the American Legion's —a figure the U.S. Government at the Merchant Marine Committee. They built, is in trouble. In 1960, the average time considered inadequate to conduct a point out that the United States now age of American seamen was 45 years. full-scale war. So, in an all-out crash ranks sixth as a maritime power—behind Last year it was 50—so the industry program, American shipyards con- Britain, Liberia, Norway, Japan and the became alarmed and started a training structed some 900 new ships—many of Soviet Union. program for young men interested in a them Liberties and Victories used to No matter who's right, the conflict in career at sea. Both the maritime unions

transport needed supplies 3,000 miles to Vietnam has made it increasingly clear and the American Merchant Marine In- Europe and a somewhat longer distance that the American merchant marine, stitute—the industry's trade organization across the Pacific. We needed all we though it contains some of the fastest, —agree that the program is understaffed could get. In the first 180 days of U.S. most modern, most automated ships ever and inadequate. Yet a few months ago,

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 '

OK COMMERCE

'I ,

Cove, N.Y. Upriver parking lots on both coasts harbor remains of WW2 merchant fleet. Slow and outdated, its usefulness today is debatable. Shipping Sickness

Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, is no longer active. Out of 72 U.S. shipyards functioning 20 years ago, less than 11 now operate.

AMMI president Ralph Casey protested The Defense Department takes a 467 of these—including some of the that trainees were being drafted off ships rosier view. There are, for example, world's most modern and most efficient and out of the program to serve in Viet- some 1,500 ships in mothballs in Puget tankers. And there are the merchant nam. During the buildup of WW2, there Sound, Hampton Roads, and the Poto- ships of our NATO allies. Under the were some 72 American shipyards em- mac and the Hudson Rivers. These ships terms of the NATO agreement, ships ploying 1,783,000 men. At last count are mostly Liberties, Victories, C-3's of the United States, Greece, Britain, (August 1965), there were 215,000 men and C-4's built during WW2. In addi- France and other NATO countries

at work in 1 1 Government-owned and tion, there are the so-called "effective would come to each other's aid in the major private shipyards—and there have control" ships—American-owned but case of emergency. But France is demon- been some closings since. registered under foreign flags. There are {Turn to next page)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 13 —

CONTINUED best, most efficient ships in the mothball fleet. That's been going on for 20 THE U.S. WARTIME SHIPPING SICKNESS years, and the ships that are left are not worth much." Vincent Caputo, coordina- strating that NATO agreements aren't Navy. While MSTS owns a few ships of tor of sea transport for the Defense De- sure things. its own, it charters most of what it needs partment, concedes that some mothball In recent years, there has been a from regular U.S. shipping lines at the vessels aren't able to make the trip to decided change in the thinking of top going market rate. Seamen receive Vietnam under their own steam, if that Defense Department officials regarding regular salaries plus a danger bonus should become necessary. He is con- the merchant marine. Four years ago, while in Vietnamese waters. To the ex- sidering a proposal to tow some of these Sec'y of Defense Robert McNamara tent that U.S. flag vessels are available, hulks across the Pacific and use them as acicnowledged the importance of naval MSTS is required by law to use them. floating warehouses in Saigon harbor. power, but said that planes would be If and when the supply of U.S. flag ships Among our ships that fly foreign flags relied on to transport men and the gives out, in theory we can turn to the are the tankers of such major American material to supply them in future diffi- mothball fleet, the U.S.-owned foreign oil companies as Tydol and Texaco, ore culties. Ships would be used to provide flag ships and NATO ships. carriers, the freighters of such com- backup supplies and heavy material. It's Paul Hall, of the Seafarers Interna- panies as United Fruit and some of the a rule of thumb in the shipping industry tional Union, says that many of these mothball ships sold to private operators that as a defense line lengthens arithmeti- ships exist only on paper—at least as who register them abroad. The fleet also cally, the number of ships needed to ser- far as Vietnam is concerned. Most of the included, until it burned to the waterline, vice it increases geometrically. Thus, for mothball fleet was built during WW2 the cruise ship Yarmouth Castle and a every hundred ships to service the war in using ship designs from the 1920's, number of similar passenger vessels un- Europe 3,000 miles from our East Coast because they could then be constructed able to meet American safety standards. ports, we would need not 333 to service speedily and because the parts were The vast majority of these "effective a battleground 10,000 miles away, but a readily available. Former Sec'y of De- control" ships are registered in Panama much larger number. For this reason, fense James Forrestal described them in (116), Liberia (340) and Honduras McNamara felt, planes could be used to 1947 as "makeshift jobs, using practical- (11). Foreign registry has a number of deploy troops much more rapidly than ly any kind of propulsion power." They advantages for a shipowner. He doesn't could be done by troop transports. were slow and outdated even by 1943 have to meet strict (and expensive) re- When the Vietnam buildup of 1965 standards. In the meantime, the Govern- quirements for ship construction im- actually came, planes were used to trans- ment has sold a number of mothball posed by the Coast Guard on American

port all but 1 % of the troops. But the ships to friendly nations and to com- operators, but may abide by the much merchant marine carried some 98% of mercial operators. Others have been sold lower international standards. The same all supplies. Virtually all of the ships for scrap. "It stands to reason," a De- goes for ship safety and maintenance. used were chartered for the Government fense Department official admitted re- Foreign operators can hire their crews by the Military Sea Transport Service, cently, "that a commercial operator or anywhere, instead of paying American operated for all services by the U.S. a friendly nation is going to pick over the seamen from three to ten times as much for doing the same job. There also are relatively minor savings in taxes and COST PER OPERATING DAY OF BULK CARRIERS OF VARIOUS NATIONALITIES-1965 insurance, and the major saving of being «^ ^ U.S. JAPANESE GREEK OR SPANISH ITALIAN BRITISH able to have your repair work done any- 89,000 dwt. ship- bulk carrier $5,777 $2,478 $2,415 $2,817 $2,872 where, rather than in an American yard, as American flag vessels must. 47,000 dwt. In many cases, these U.S.-owned, bulk carrier $4,446 $1,861 $1,762 $2,064 $2,186 foreign-flag ships carry cargoes back and 26,000 dwt. forth between American ports and a port bulk carrier $3,765 $1,545 $1,446 $1,742 $1,809 in the nation of registry. Others, such as the Yarmouth Castle, never see the Breakdown in chart above, prepared by the American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., indicates clearly how high operating costs affect our rating as a maritime power. port of registry from one year to the

JAPAN INFORMATION CENTER

Japan has held the world leadership in shipbuilding for the past nine Another cost factor—hourly wages—makes understandable U.S. years (since 1956). Scene above shows a busy Japanese yard. difficulties in competing among other leading maritime nations. 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 — .

VA riONAL MARITIME UNION, AFL-CIO TACOMA NI^WS-iHinUNE. TiOH RUDSIT

Vlaritime workers in Tacoma, Wash., picketed the Greek ship Mari- Transfer of fighting equipment to the Mormacrigel is handled ena P. when her crew refused to take cargo to Vietnam. After several by National Maritime Union members. Minimizing the incident, the jays delay, cargo was put aboard the U.S. flagship Mormacrigel. Defense Dept. explained the cargo was "just emergency rations."

Sparse unloading equipment jams Saigon's harbor (above) and other S. Vietnam ports, but Defense insists military is not affected.

next. The National Maritime Union and Government promptly ordered the cargo cargo. In still another instance, the the Seafarers International have argued unloaded, citing Mexican law which Greek crew of a Liberian flag vessel, the for some time that while the owners of prohibits any Mexican ship from enter- Island Skipper, also refused to carry these vessels may be loyal to the United ing a war zone. The cargo had to be un- American military cargo to Vietnam. States, the crews owe us no loyalty loaded and reloaded aboard a Greek Then came the cancelling of a contract and the largest three countries in terms flag vessel, the Stamatios S. Embiricos. by three out of four lapanese ships of foreign registry are in parts of the No sooner had the cargo reloading chartered, reportedly, by the same U.S. world where unstable government is the begun, however, when the Greek crew line (MSTS was reluctant to disclose its rule rather than the exception. So they made it known that in spite of a $10,000 identity) are undependable for American security bonus which was offered to them, they The NMU, SIU and International

needs. would not sail with a U.S. cargo bound Longshoremens Association feel it's The case of the unions against our for Vietnam. The cargo had to be un- rubbing salt into the wound when ships relying on fleets of friendly nations in a loaded once more and this time placed of nations which trade with North Viet- national emergency is somewhat strong- aboard an American flag vessel for nam refuse to carry our cargoes to er. During the major buildup in Vietnam delivery. South Vietnam. All three unions have late in 1965, MSTS made arrangements Only a few days later another military supported a bill by Sen. Birch Bayh with an American flag operator to handle cargo bound for Vietnam was held up (D-Ind.) which would prevent ships that cargo for Vietnam. The operator's own when the crew of another Greek flag dock in North Vietnam from stopping ships were all engaged in regular com- ship, the Marilena P., refused to put to in U.S. ports, and would penalize ship- mercial runs (for which he gets a sub- sea with it. An American flag vessel ping companies which permit vessels sidy) , so he in turn chartered a Mexican under charter to MSTS had to be under their control to trade with the ship, the El Mecicano. The Mexican diverted from other duties to take this {Continued on page 51) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 15 out. By GENE BYLINSKY They are not going to get back." nine-story Center's headquarters build- It's the Manned Spacecraft Center's ing, ducks splash placidly. I STOOD inside the full- job to make sure the RECENTLY moonmen do get By now, the MSC is familiar to most scale model of the spaceship in back. The many complex rocket and Americans and to many people in the which two Americans will land spacecraft systems and linkup techniques world as the nerve juncture of America's on the moon as it began a simulated will be tried out thoroughly in earth orbit manned space flights. From here flight "moon landing." Artificial stars visible and on flights around the moon, of directors mastermind space missions through a crescent-shaped window course, before men are allowed to land from liftoff to splashdown, while to this blurred and a science-fiction-like moon there. These trials began recently with Center lead the myriad communication surface rapidly drew closer. Inside the a successful suborbital flight of the mam- lines from tracking stations and ships darkened cabin, red instrument dials moth Saturn IB rocket which propelled strung around the world. glowed and numbers rushed on an al- an unmanned Apollo spaceship 5,500 Control of the flights is a vital func- timeter. The "moon" now was only a miles down the Atlantic missile range. tion, but in the Center's over-all work it's few feet away. At the end of this year, the first manned a relatively small one. Even as a two- It was an eerily realistic landing Apollo —but capsule will be orbited around man Gemini spacecraft whirls overhead, a catastrophic one. We "hit" the the earth for a fortnight. "moon" most of the Center's 4,500 employees are so hard that we went right through the Naturally, there is no better proving at work on Project Apollo, the moon ex- surface: a curving plain that looked like ground for space operations than space pedition. a pattern of Kansas wheatfields, only ar- itself. Yet the answer to making the They aren't doing it all alone, of ranged in strange crosses and squares. lunar expedition even a relatively safe course, for Project Apollo is truly a na- The surface suddenly inverted and undertaking lies chiefly in building abso- tional enterprise. At the Center, more everyone inside the lunar landing "bug" lute reliability into all the myriad com- than 150 industrial companies have a felt dizzily upside down. The man at the controls had miscalcu- lated the descent rate. Were this a real landing, the two moonmen would have perished. we're To insure that such How practicin a mishap doesn't occur when American astronauts fly to the moon is the purpose of To get him there and bring him back will incessant simulated lunar landings in progress at the Manned Spacecraft Cen- ter near Houston. Tex. "I imagine we've take $20 bilHon, 20,000 companies, 400,000 done at least 1,000 moon landings," says Ronald Simpson, a young engineer who works on the make-believe moon. "And we'll do thousands more." To help astro- workers. Here's how they're planning it. nauts master landing precision, the strange moon soon will be replaced by an even stranger one, created by a components of the craft—reliability as abso- total of 2,000 representatives, from a puter: squarish craters superimposed on lute as men on earth can make it. 1,000-man Phiico Corp., contingent, a yellow surface marked with green lines The Manned Spacecraft Center, or which helps run mission control, to one of a grid network. MSC for short, is the place where this is man from Motorola, who acts as a con- A safe touchdown on the moon, how- being accomplished. The plan is "to intact. ever, may turn out to be one of the sim- sure that the safety of the (moon-bound) The Apollo efi'ort spans the United plest parts of the fantastic journey, crew on the initial flight is comparable States—from Downey, Calif., where scheduled to take place two or three to that of a test pilot on the first flight of North American Aviation Co. workers years from now. The Russians have al- an aircraft," as Dr. George E. Mueller, manufacture moonship segments, to ready accomplished it with their un- the space agency's chief of manned space Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp., manned Luna 9, and at least in theory it flight, puts it. This means incessant test- in Bethpage, Long Island, where the should be easier for men to land softly ing of everything that goes into the lunar landing craft, or the "bug," is be- than for an automated craft which must moonship—testing that won't stop even ing produced. Project Apollo reaches be guided to a gentle landing with split- after the first men land on the moon, be- into a myriad of corners of America. second precision from 240,000 miles cause improvements will have to con- Nearly 400,000 people, including 30,000 away. tinue to be made in the moonships. National Aeronautics and Space Admin- The most hazardous part of the expe- The MSC is eminently qualified for istration employees, and 20,000 com- dition no doubt will be the two astro- the task. Rising above what only three- panies, work on the moonship and the nauts' liftoff from the moon for a linkup and-a-half years ago was a cow pasture, moon rockets. The MSC directs the with a "mothership" orbiting overhead the $250-million, still-expanding Center work of 100,000 industry workers who with a third crewman aboard. "They boasts 30-odd neat, glass and concrete work on the lunar ship. Other workers (the men who land in the four-legged buildings, many without windows. For and companies are supervised by the 'bug') will have only one engine—and it all a casual visitor could tell, the MSC Marshall Space Flight Center, nursery of will have to work," says Christopher might be the home office of a huge in- the mammoth Saturn moon rockets in

Columbus (Chris) Kraft, chief flight di- surance company, so commonplace is its Huntsville, Ala.

rector who is most likely to direct Amer- outward appearance. People walk along The MSC's job is to leave nothing ica's moon mission. "If it doesn't work," concrete sidewalks purposefully, but "critical" in the moonship. A hint at he adds, matter-of-factly, "church is don't run. In an artificial pond near the (Turn to next page)

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1966 stand-ins for astronauts are used to test certain phases of Slight takes a "walk" in space. Tests define the procedures orbital flights in lab mock-ups. Above, NASA Engineer Jack astronauts must take when they perform similar feats in space. to put a man on the moon

The Lunar Excursion Module, or moon "bug," rests on simulated moon surface, looking as it might after actual surface landing. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 17 CONTINUED How we're practicing to put a man on the moon

how the Center's engineers and techni- from crashing onto the moon's surface. cians go about this task—as well as a In one recent test, the thrusters were

hint at the fantastic complexity of the fired around the clock for 1 2 days, for a lunar mission and the almost unbeliev- total of 15,000 restarts. At the end of able reliability it demands—is provided the test run, however, a valve leaked and by a visit to the so-called thermochemical a cluster of thrusters blew up in the facility, a 120-acre enclosure at the edge chamber. Ahead lie thousands of addi- of the Center's 1,600-acre grounds. tional tests, to meet NASA's goal of There, small rocket engines, or thrusters, 99.9% reliability in all the 1.5 million the size of flower vases are tested inside components of the moonship. a vacuum chamber. The importance of such thrusters These tiny engines will be mounted in working properly was illustrated recently

clusters of four on the moonship's "com- by the near fatal mishap with Gemini 8,

mand module" and on the landing "bug," as it began tumbling wildly in orbit when 16 engines on each ship segment. (In an electrical short circuit suddenly initi- all, three segments or "modules" make ated an unscheduled thruster firing.

up an Apollo moonship: the conical Step by step, the moon journey is be- "command module" which is the equiva- ing rehearsed at MSC. The major tools lent of an airliner's crew compartment are vacuum chambers. The Center has in which the astronauts will fly to the been in the business of moving outer moon; the cylindrical "service module," space indoors from the start. Now dozens containing a restartable rocket engine of big and small vacuum chambers are and instruments; and the "lunar excur- scattered through its many laboratories sion module" or "bug" in which two men and facilities. There, spaceship com- will descend to the moon.) ponents are baked, shaken, pressed, even To keep the moonship from tumbhng exploded in simulated spaceship atmos- en route to the moon and back, the astro- pheres to see if a vacuum-packed instru- nauts will have to fire the small rockets ment accidentally bursting in the moon- in bursts a total of 2,500 to 3,000 times. ship cabin would also explode the cabin To keep the moon-landing "bug" on an atmosphere.

even keel as it descends, they will have The biggest vacuum chamber of all is to fire the engines, too. At least two sets 120 feet tall and looks like a huge beer of thrusters on the "bug" will have to be keg. It's the only vacuum chamber this working perfectly to keep the moonship size in the Western world—perhaps in

Exposure to and protection from direct solar radiation rays undergo studies at the Space Environmental Lab in Houston, Tex.

all the world—designed with all the safety precautions to experiment with space-suited men inside. It's called offi- cially a space environment simulation laboratory, and for good reason. It will not only simulate the near vacuum at an altitude of 75 miles, where for all practi-

cal purposes there's no air, but it also will have artificial "suns"—carbon arc burners, shining inside with the precise intensity and radiation spectrum of the sun in space. The chamber's "cold walls," through which liquid nitrogen will flow, will simulate the space "heat sink," or

heat dissipation. The chamber is big enough to swallow the complete 54-foot- tall Apollo moonship, and even bigger spacecraft, up to 75 feet high. With three space-suited astronauts inside the lunar ship, scientists and engineers will run realistic simulations of a seven-day journey to the moon and back. To enable the astronauts to cope with, classify or identify moon's surface makeup, geology training on earth's widely varying terrain (above, in Iceland) is a must. The same space crew won't be confined 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 stowage handling in the moon bug is rehearsed by suited- Astronaut Walter Schirra, Jr., in the air over Galveston Bay up Astronauts J. P. Kerwin (left) and R. L. Schweickart. while para-drop training, another phase of space program. to their couches for the full seven Should anything go wrong inside the When the craft begins its rise through days; even rigorously-trained astronauts huge chamber, a doctor will be able to the atmosphere, vibrations and noise couldn't withstand immobility for so long throw a big red switch to stop the test. could damage it. At the MSC, whole without the aid of weightlessness. In- Before they coast to the moon, how- moonships soon will be suspended inside stead, the crews will be rotated through ever, the moon-bound astronauts will vibration and acoustic test chambers and an airlock, with the chamber's vacuum face a multitude of other hazards which subjected to the deafening roar of an remaining intact. (It will take 19 hours the MSC is seeking to ehminate or re- imitated liftoff and to madly rushing air to pump down the big chamber but only duce to an acceptable level. mimicking atmospheric resistance to a

30 seconds to re-pressurize it in case of At launch, the mammoth, 360-foot- rising rocket. emergency.) For added realism, the tall Saturn V moon rocket (60 feet taller En route to the moon, micrometeor- lunar ship will be tied in with Mission than the Statue of Liberty is from the ites will pummel the ship and after the Control, even as the spacecraft is rotated foundation of the pedestal to the tip of astronauts step on the lunar surface there by firing small rockets and the tempera- the torch) atop which the moonship will will be the increased danger of a moon- ture of the "lunar plane" under the ship sit, will be a seething volcano of volatile man being hit by a bullet from space. changes from minus 250 degrees Fahren- refined kerosene and liquid oxygen. The That's why Center technicians, working heit to plus 200 to imitate lunar night and monster machine will weigh 6.1 million at a nearby Air Force base, fire a micro- day. pounds, most of it in fuel—equal to the meteorite gun which propels tiny metal In Mission Control, Chris Kraft and weight of a nuclear submarine. Should pellets at spaceship and spacesuit mate- other flight directors will direct the simu- the fuel ignite prematurely, or anything rials at 20,000 feet a second. A sign lated flight to the moon. They will be go wrong after liftoff, a 33-foot-tall above the long tubular device describes assisted by a test director in the cham- launch escape rocket, perched atop the it as "The Fastest Gun in the West." ber's own instrument-packed control moonship, can pull the ship's crew com- The astronauts will land during the center. Doctors will man six biomedical partment away to a parachute landing. lunar day when temperature on the consoles to watch how the spacemen The escape rocket is being tested by MSC earth's airless satellite soars to 200 de- withstand the simulated trip to the moon. engineers at White Sands, N.Mex. grees Fahrenheit. To assure that the

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 19 1962, this Texas grazing area was chosen as the site for the Manned Spacecraft Center, to house the nerve juncture of space flights.

CONTINUED off the atmosphere into an eternal orbit of the sun. It would bounce off the at- How we're practicing to mosphere like a pebble bounces off a pond's surface. Tests on earth can't simulate such a put a man on the moon situation, except mathematically. But astronauts will be whirled in a gondola at the end of the arm of a huge new cen- spacemen stay cool, a Center technician Manned Spacecraft Center's engineers. trifuge at 120 miles an hour, to test their wearing billowing green coveralls walks Even if the moon explorers leave the reactions to 20 times the force of gravity a treadmill for two hours at a time, test- lunar surface safely, link up with the —the force that would press on the re- ing water-cooled underwear that will be mothership orbiting the moon and suc- turning moonship in certain types of "un- fashionable on the moon. Other techni- cessfully head for home, incredible haz- dershoot." That force would be nearly cians practice walking in a harness that ards will continue to haunt their mission. three times greater than encountered by simulates lunar gravity, one-sixth of the There's the very real danger of either Gemini astronauts at liftoff or re-entry. earth's, on a simulated lunar surface "undershoot" or "overshoot" as the No one at MSC denies that the pres- made of steel furnace slag, with a model moonship plunges into the earth's atmos- sure of turning out a reliable moonship of the lunar "bug" sitting near a crater. phere at 25,000 miles an hour, like a within a limited time makes Project To ensure that the crucial liftoff from blazing meteor. The ship must re-enter Apollo an extremely difficult undertak- the moon takes place as planned, the through an atmospheric "corridor" 40 ing. The journey would be difficult under

"bug's" rocket engine is undergoing miles wide and 270 miles long. In case the best of circumstances, of course, but stringent test firings in vacuum chambers of an "undershoot," the ship could burn deadlines make it even harder. at Tullahoma, Tenn., and at White Sands, up in the atmosphere. Maxime Paget, a shrewd-eyed, short-

N.Mex., under the supervision of the An "overshoot" could send it bouncing statured aeronautical engineer who designed the Mercury capsule and contrib- ACME uted to Gemini and Apollo design, calls Apollo "a much more unforgiving system." Paget, who now directs the Cen- ter's engineering and research division,

adds: "Apollo is a much bigger step than Mercury. You can land on the moon, maybe not very gracefully, but nothing fundamentally wants you to come back. You can fall out of orbit to the moon, but you can't fall from the moon to earth. "The requirements in precision of rendezvous and propulsion performance make return from the moon hazardous," he adds. "The difficulty is in developing a system that's not sophisticated from the engineering point of view, yet one that must be safe and reliable. "Human failure can occur during the mission, in a factory, or at launch. That's on the bad side. But we find the actual situation not as bad, as far as component reliability, because the failure rate is conservatively estimated." The men who are wringing potential failures out of moonships and their 1.5 million parts are mostly young men. The Two moon exploration vehicles. Propelled by rockets, they are designed for a 600- staff at mile round trip from a lunar base site, and could remain on the moon for 200 hours. average age of the professional

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 ACME-NASA

Today, the Center, near Houston, controls missions from liftoff to splashdown. Here, also, the moon expedition is being shaped up.

MSC is just under 34. They come to neering team that put the first Americans ize that the era of the individual space work oblivious of Houston's soaking hu- into orbit. hero is probably over. Their ranks are midity, which has been compared to Cal- Among them now are women mathe- expanding. Today there are 50 astro- cutta's, many carrying lunch in brown maticians as well as scuba divers who nauts but in a few years there may be 75, paper bags. ("I followed the job," says work with astronauts, parachute riggers, many of them scientists rather than British-born flight director John Hodge. three sailors who man a 115-foot motor merely jet pilots. "It didn't really make any difference ship used in spacecraft water landing The astronauts work hard. They inti-

whether I was working in Timbuktu or tests, geologists, chemists, spacecraft mately participate in spaceship and in- Alaska.") mechanics, even woodcarvers who fash- strumentation development. In addition, They are not theoreticians but doers, ion tiny models of spaceships and space- one week an astronaut may find himself though not too long ago some were doing men for wind-tunnel tests. "It's a unique gazing into the yard-wide image of the theoretical research. MSC doesn't have mix," says an official. rising sun projected on a big table in the as many Ph.D.'s as some other NASA It obviously gives these men and underground observing room of the centers (it has 25), but it has a higher women a great deal of satisfaction world's largest solar telescope, atop Kitt proportion of engineers than any other, to be transforming dreams into reality. Peak in Arizona, and the next week he

2,539 out of 4,500 employees. "Morale here is high," says Center di- may be gazing into a gaping crevasse in The Center's leaders are the 700 men rector Dr. Robert Gilruth. The turn- Iceland, studying geology. and women who came here from NASA's over among professional staff is less than The first consideration in training is to Langley, Va., Research Center in 1962 2% a year. prepare an astronaut to operate the and settled in a downtown shopping cen- The men who will make the trip are spacecraft skillfully. This involves work ter while the cow pasture where the MSC equally dedicated. They wear conserva- in simulators at the Center, floating over now stands was being transformed into a tive business suits and ties, look like ath- nearby Galveston Bay at the end of a space wonderland. At Langley they com- letes and rib one another about their parasail, as well as exiting from the space- prised the Space Task Group, the pio- newly-found fame. The astronauts real- (Continiied on page 44)

ACME ACME

Second stage of exploration would be arrival of handling de Advanced exploration would require quarters such as these fully-equipped, vices, labs designed to transport men over the moon's surface self-sufficient modules. Remote nuclear power would supply electricity. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 21 WASHINGTON PRO* CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON RADIO-TV COVERAGE OF CONGRESSIONAL

SHOULD ALL CONGRESSIONAL

with the exception of Committee hearings in the Sen- Rep. Robert F. Ellsworth (R-Kan.) 3rd District ate, has managed to bar the mass of the American people completely. RECENT YEARS, the American IN In fact, spokesmen for the President have publicly public has had the opportun- acknowledged that he prefers to use television and ity to witness many history- radio over newspapers and periodicals in the belief making events without leaving that there is a greater chance for person-to-person the comfort of their homes. Yet, communication. When you consider that, today, more while the world lies open, the homes have television sets (93' r) than telephones doors of our greatest legislative (TS'f). it is easily seen that Congress has cut itself body are closed to its constitu- off from the media which reaches a greater nimiber ents. of people than any other. The President has a point, In the early days of television, it would not have and the Congress ought to recognize it. been possible to televise Congress because the techni- Although this nation's newspapers have done more cal requirements of the young industry would have than an adequate job of conveying news of the Con- caused too much distraction to allow Congress to progress to the American people, use of television would ceed with its work. Today, however, electronic tech- undoubtedly cause greater interest in the workings nology has advanced to the point where Congressional of the legislative branch. proceedings could easily be televised without Members There are always objections to any proposal which of Congress even realizing they were on camera. will change the status quo. But, because of the ad- Another point to consider is the fact that the image vancements in the electronic media over the last few of Congress with relation to the executive branch has years, not one of them can be raised without raising suffered greatly in recent years. Full use of the elec- the same objection to admitting visitors to the gal- tronic media by the executive branch has given much leries, which has been done for many years. of the American public the notion that Congress is only Television coverage would bring to the public's at- a vague gathering of elderly ladies and gentlemen in tention the true role of the Congress in the political Washington whose function, to be sure, is to enact process and would create greater interest in the work our laws—but who had better get busy and enact them of what is, in fact, the most vital and dynamic branch if the President requests them, or else he will figure of Government. out some way to move them to action. This notion was undoubtedly reinforced during the first session of the 89th Congress. Much of the reason for this lies in the fact that the President and the whole executive branch have made excellent use of the electronic media, while Congress,

of your Senators know how you feel If you wish to let your Congressman or one

mail it to him on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and 1

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 PROCEEDINGS BY REPRESENTATIVES ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH OF KAN., AND JAMES G. O'HARA OF MICH.

PROCEEDINGS BE OPEN TO RADIO-TV?

Rep. James G. O'Hara (D-Mich.) they must be. A few may conclude that, with television 12th District and radio transmitting every word, the best thing to TkE CASE AGAINST TV and do is to say nothing at all. Others will decide that such radio in Congressional pro- coverage presents opportunities for publicity too good to miss. ceedings is that the legislative Their questions and their statements will not process would be impeded and be aimed at the facts but at impressing the listening the rights of individuals com- audience. promised by the camera and the The final point, and probably the most important, is microphone. the need to safeguard individual rights. Obviously cer- A case in point was provided tain rights of privacy have to be suspended when an individual by the recent Senate televised hearings on our policies has information which properly belongs in the public in Vietnam. The glare of the TV lights was so intense domain. But how far do we want to go in that Sen. Bourke B. Hickenlooper, the ranking Repub- subjecting witnesses before Congressional committees to publicity lican member of that committee, left the hearing room and notoriety? Even criminals brought to in discomfort—and disgust. justice are protected against this: TV and radio are Following those same hearings, a crumpled note was properly kept out of all Federal and virtually all State found on the hearing room floor by an alert reporter courts. and its contents duly reported. The note, addressed In assessing the role of television in Congress it to Committee Chairman J. William Fulbright, read: might be well to recall the origin of the word "bunk-

(sometimes . "Mr. Chairman, the wall clock is one minute slow. um" shortened to "bunk") A congress- Please close out at 12:27 by that clock to allow CBS man from Buncombe County once arose to declaim on and NBC to conclude live coverage in an orderly man- the floor of the House. As his oratory became more in- ner. Thank you. Len Allen—NBC." The hearing was flamed and less coherent, a colleague remarked, "He's obligingly concluded at the appointed minute, leaving not talking to Congress; he's talking to Buncombe." the networks time for sign off, station breaks and local This was before the age of radio and television. Can commercials. you imagine what it would be like if Senators and While I appreciate the necessities of television sched- Congressmen talked "to Buncombe" and their words ules, I don't concede that TV should have that kind of came into everybody's living room? impact on the legislative process. The lights, the glare, the publicity, the circus atmosphere, the stage direction all distract not only the witnesses, but the members of Congress themselves. ,Q>>.>.>.«j:> Senators and Congressmen are very sensitive to public reaction, and with an election around the corner,

THE AMERICAN LEGION AAAGAZINE

IN MY OPINION ALL CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS I have read in The American Legion Magazine SHOULD SHOULD NOT BE OPEN TO RADIO-TV. for July the arguments in PRO & CON: Should SIGNED All Congressional Proceedings Be Open To ADDRESS Radio-TV? TOWN STATE..

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 23 — a

By LYMAN M. NASH DRIVING ACROSS Transvaal one day in 1956, an aircraft-parts salesman stopped for lunch at a gleaming, metallic and very streamlined The Livin roadside cafe. Halfway through the blue plate special, he got the sudden feeling that he was about to take off. Summon- ing the proprietor, he informed him of The story of the most remarkable airplane ever built. this odd sensation. "Nothing to be alarmed about," said It's the British Dakota, the Canadian Dak, the Russian the owner, dabbing at the counter with a damp towel. "It happens to many of Lissunov-2, our Army's C-47 and our Navy's R4-D. It was my customers. You see, this cafe of mine used to be an airplane. Crashed near here the ''Gooney Bird" of WW2 and today it is 'Tuff the back in '44. The South African Air

Force wrote it off as a total loss. Sold it Magic Dragon^' in Vietnam. Douglas made the first one in to me for a song. I turned it into a cafe and, well, it does seem at times like the 1935 and the last in 1946, Nearly half of them are still old girl wants to get back in the air." Stepping outside, the salesman in- flying, and you can't buy a DC-3 today for what you could spected the aluminum cafe, did a little mental arithmetic and made the owner then. The last one will emerge from a Swiss glacier in the a handsome ofifer. Shortly after the deal was completed, the highway oasis was 26th Century. stripped of its gaudy neon lights, its stools, counter, stove and coffee urn, shipped to California and in due course Iron Curtain as they are in front of it. reconverted into an airplane. Developed originally as a coast-to- So if someday you should be knock- scribed the Three as "the best single air- coast sleeper, the D (for Douglas) C ing around an airport and come upon an plane ever built," something DC-3 buffs (for commercial) -3 (for model number aircraft smelling faintly of fried eggs had been telling each other since before three) quickly became an all-purpose, and sausages, there is no need to think V-J Day. To them a Three is more than 21 -passenger transport. Today, most of your nose is playing tricks. That strange just a mechanical contraption that flies. the nearly 150 Threes still flying on odor is merely an olfactory tribute to It is, like the steam locomotive, one of scheduled United States airlines are the world's most popular airplane. those rare machines that stir men's souls. equipped for upwards of 28 passengers.

The English call it a "Dakota," the Judged by almost any standard, the In the Philippines they are rigged out

Canadians a "Dak" and the Russians, for plane today is a flying anachronism. In with 40 seats, and on flights from Aus- reasons of their own, a Lissunov-2. In an era accustomed to sonic booms and tralia to New Guinea, Qantas Airways the U.S. Navy it is an R4-D, while the air speeds measured in Mach numbers, regularly carries 50 passengers who sit

Air Force knows it as a C-47. Jet jockeys it dawdles through the heavens at a in slings. refer to it as the "Model-T of the air," leisurely 180 miles per hour, requiring a But how many people the plane can while thousands of World War 2 pilots pretty stiflf tail wind to get it past 200. By lift in an emergency remains a matter for

remember it affectionately as the all the rules of aviation it should have speculation. After his famous raid on "Gooney Bird." been gone and forgotten years ago. Yet Tokyo, Lt. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle It is—if you haven't already guessed there it is, thundering off runways from returned on one with 61 other passen- that durable old lady of legend, the Port Moresby to Oshkosh, flaunting its gers, a crew of four, and eight stowaways DC-3. antiquity with a pair of piston engines hiding in the aft compartment. The Of all the airplanes built since Kitty and sturdy riveted wings. record, however, probably goes to a Hawk, none has written its name more In 30 years of vigorous life the DC-3 DC-3 that lugged 93 people to safety gloriously across the sky. DC-3s have has established so many records that when a flood threatened to inundate flown more miles, hauled more passen- chroniclers of aerial history have long their Bolivian village in 1949.

gers and contributed more to the devel- since given up trying to keep pace with The DC-3 is famous for operating well

opment of air travel around the globe all of them. The first plane to land at the on one engine, and it performed beauti- than any other plane. They have played North Pole was an Army Three. A Navy fully when tested for flight with no a decisive role in every war since Pearl Three was the first to land at the South engines. Marine Major "Skip" Kimball Harbor. During the past quarter century, Pole. The second plane to land at the holds the one-engine record. When one there has not been a major disaster any- South Pole was a sophisticated four- motor conked out over the Pacific he where without at least one DC-3 on hand engine- job. but it couldn't take off" again made it to San Diego on one prop— to ferry in food and medical supplies. until a little old DC-3 flew in spare parts. distance of 1,100 miles. The Army tried President Eisenhower considered the Although two DC-3s are enshrined in adapting the DC-3 to serve as a motorless DC-3 one of the most important four the Smithsonian Institution, the plane is glider in WW 2. It passed all tests as the weapons, none of them designed for a long way from becoming a museum world's biggest glider, but an economic combat, leading to victory in Europe. piece. The last one "was made in 1946, decision was made that the Threes were The others were the bulldozer, the jeep yet over 20% of the world's commercial too valuable to use that way.

and the 2'/2-ton truck. In 1958, Sec'y of air fleet is represented by DC-3s, and The very first DC-3 rolled from the the Air Force Harold E. Talbot de- they are almost as common behind the {Turn to next page) 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE ULY 1966 U.S. MH FORCE

Legend of the DC -3

An unplanned tribute to the universality of northern Alaska. In 1961, plane was forced stripped and its shell left to the elements, the DC-3 is this monument in the wasteland of down near a U.S. Arctic weather station, was Thirty-foot-high ice pedestal was cut by winds.

U.S. AIR FORCE

Vietnam duty for ancient DC-3s includes night illumination missions, and long endurance escort of convoys. Left, newly built-in mini-guns (capable of firing 6,000 rounds a minute), in support of friendly forces. Right, airmen check and load guns for a mission. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 25 coNT.MUED j\iQ Living Legend of the DC-3

Douglas factory in Santa Monica on violent downdrafts which sometimes letter, Douglas engineers responded by

Dec. 22, 1935. As it stood glinting in the sent heavy cargoes plummeting right designing the DC-1. It was a brand new

California sunshine it was hailed as the through the floorboards. thing. But so much of the basic design finest thing in aluminum skin. Some Pilots of the Air Transport Command of the original One and the final Three thought the plane too large, too roomy found that a Three could deliver the is still to be seen even in our big jet jobs to be practical, and Donald Douglas goods with a chunk of wing missing or today that most passenger and transport tended to agree. He tooled up for a total part of its rudder gone. At least one planes now in the air are, by indirection, of 25 and wound up making 10,926. survived a kamikaze attack that ripped a monuments to Rockne.

By the time the Three appeared, bathtub-size hole in the fuselage. An- On July 1, 1933, the DC-1 left the traveling by air was no longer restricted other, known as "Whistling Willie," had Douglas plant and took off like a home- to the daring. If Aunt Hester didn't trust been strafed by enemy fighters and the sick angel, destined for a small measure

those blasted winged things, there were holes patched with canvas. A monsoon of greatness and a fate it never deserved. plenty of others who did. Not that the tore off the patches, but the plane com- It barely got back to earth safely, thanks

airlines were exactly flourishing. Even at pleted its mission, shrieking so loudly it to a carburetor that wouldn't work when 100% capacity they had to rely heavily could be heard 50 miles away. Over New tipped up in a climb. Six months later,

on Government mail subsidies to show a Zealand, a three lost one wing, from its with all the kinks ironed out, the only profit. engine outward, in an air collision. Yet DC-1 ever built was delivered to Trans-

The DC-3 changed all that. It became the pilot landed it with himself and Continental and Western Air. the first plane to make money just haul- passenger alive. Five months of testing by TWA saw ing passengers. As such it freed the air- Few glamour jobs fell to the DC-3s. the grandfather of the fabulous Three lines from dependence on mail pay, They hauled mules in Burma, towed breaking old speed records and setting allowing them to expand their systems gliders across the Atlantic, sprayed new ones. Eddie Rickenbacker and Jack

and open new routes. Put into service mosquitoes on Iwo Jima, and dropped Frye flew it non-stop from Burbank. late in June 1936, DC-3s had by 1939 paratroops in Europe and the Pacific. Calif., to Newark, N.J., in the then cornered 90% of domestic commercial One, equipped with washer, extractor phenomenal time of 13 hours 2 minutes.

air traffic. and dryer, toured the South Pacific, The following year it shaved two more

U.S. AIR FORCE DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT

in WW2's CBI Theatre, the Threes met their most reluctant A kamikaze fighter pilot rammed this C-47 after he had exhausted his ammunition passengers (above). The mules were flown to jungle bases trying to down it. An unusual shot, it attests to the sturdiness of the planes. The in Burma and parachuted to units operating behind lines. pilot was able to make it back with the top of the fuselage gone.

Limited by federal regulations to a laundering 900 pounds of G.I. clothing hours from the cross-country flight. gross take-off weight of 25,000 pounds, a day. But out of these mundane chores Impressed by the plane's speed and the plane wasn't able to show its amaz- a legend was born that will be told and flying qualities. TWA ordered 25 more, ing capabilities until the war. Operating retold as long as men seek the clouds. with variations. These became the on the theory that if a Three could get off The Three owes its existence to an- DC-2s. Meanwhile. DC-1 was loaned to

the ground it could fly, commanders other grand name in American history. the Department of Commerce, the Army threw the regulations out the window. Notre Dame football coach Knute Air Corps and the National Aeronautics On the freight run from South Amer- Rockne. His death in the crash of an old Association. Howard Hughes bought it ica to Africa, Threes lumbered for TWA plywood trimotor job shocked the from TWA in 1936. intending to use it hundreds of miles at almost zero altitude nation, and led TWA operations direc- for his record-shattering, round-the- before reducing their fuel weight enough tor Jack Frye to write up a complete new world flight, but he switched instead to to climb upstairs. Flying the "Hump" set of requirements for transport planes. a Lockheed 14. After that the DC-1 from India to China they encountered When manufacturers got copies of Frye's changed hands several times, going to

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1966 ance in beating all racers but one while flying as a regular transport in the Melbourne race) forced the DC-3 into existence. What the Two did was to make

commercial air travel so popular that it was too small to meet the demands its reputation created. A particular need brought about by this demand led to the specific order that caused the Three to be designed, basically, as a bigger Two. In 1935, American Airlines decided to introduce a sleeper plane on overnight cross-country flights. The 14-seat DC-2 was not wide enough to accommodate berths, so Douglas engineers designed a more commodious version. Known briefly as the DST, for Douglas Sleeper

Transport, it had a wingspan of 95 feet, a length of 65 Vi feet, 14 comfortable pullman berths and a honeymoon compartment forward. Fitted with 21 seats, the DST became the DC-3. From the start the new DC was sur- prisingly free of the bugs that usually plague new planes. Biggest complaint was the windshield, which leaked. This led to a standard pilot joke—the radioed report "Light rain outside, heavy rain inside." A Three's rate of climb was A double "first" was achieved on October 31, 1956, wiien tliis Navy Gooney Bird touched nothing to brag about, and landing an down at the South Pole, becoming the first plane in history to have landed at both like trying to field a bal- poles. The plane, the Que Sera Sera, is shown on her arrival in the Antarctic. empty one was

U.S. AIR FORCE DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT

Russia received 700 Threes during WW2, went on to make 2,000 DC-3s once glutted the market, were turned into mobile travel more (which they called Lissunov-2s) without benefit of royalties. homes, chicken coops, roadside cafes. Now out of production for 20 DC-3s are still an important part of the world's small airlines. years, some DC-3s command higher prices than when new.

England, to France and finally to Spain. Australia. The 1934 contest went to a loon. The large wing area gave it so much

There it died in December 1940, when specially constructed racing plane, a two- buoyancy it wanted to bounce back into

an engine quit on take-oflf from Malaga. seater De Havilland Comet, the winners the air. And because it was not pres- Although the plane was wrecked beyond crawling from the cramped cockpit tired, surized, the DC-3 had to fly through repair, passengers and crew emerged un- stiff and grease-stained. The KLM DC-2 storms rather than climb above them. scratched. Parts were, and may still be, came in second, the crew popping from Despite these minor faults, or because used in litters for local church cere- the plane in immaculate white uniforms, of them, the plane soon became known monies. fresh as daisies. What makes the feat for its rugged dependability. A fully Of the 185 Twos turned out by astounding, though, is that the DC-2 loaded DC-3 owned by Capitol Airlines Douglas, only one gained fame. Pur- carried a full complement of paying survived a mid-air collision over Mil-

chased by Royal Dutch Air Lines, it was passengers, its normal cargo and made waukee that sliced live feet from a wing, entered in "The World's Greatest Air every scheduled airline stop. scaring the daylights out of everyone Race," from London to Melbourne, The DC-2 (particularly its perform- {Continued on page 48)

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 27 Win one of four new Ford Convertibles donated by the Seagram Posts.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 :

Not a puzzle or a contest. No need to be at the Convention to win! Again this year, Seagram Posts 658, CaUfornia, 807, IlUnois and 1283, New York have donated four new convertibles to the American Legion Convention Corporation. And when you win a car, your post wins $250, donated by the Seagram Posts. Drawings will be held and the cars awarded Sunday, August 28, 1966 during the Drum and Bugle Corps Finals of the American Legion National Convention in Washington, D.C» Here's how to enter the drawing Send in an official coupon (or mail a postcard or letter

using the coupon as a guide) . All entries must be received no later than midnight, August 26, 1966. Good luck!

The Seagram Posts American Legion, P.O. Box 2601 Washington, D.C. 20013

Gentleman : I am a member of Post # , American Legion,

or a member of Unit # , American Legion Auxiliary located

in (City) , (State) Please enter my name in the free drawings for four Ford Con- vertibles donated by the Seagram Posts to the American Legion Convention Corporation of Washington, D.C. Drawings to be held August 28, 1966 in D.C. Stadium in Washington, D.C. Entries must be received no later than midnight August 26, 1966.

(Please Print) Name. Address-

City _State_

Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card #.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 — —

FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Long Road Out of the Jungle

By NATIONAL COMMANDER

IS A THERE SOLUTION to the terrible problems of the world needed is for men to want in their hearts to live under law. in this super-weaponed age of continued warring. This so- That is a missionary job of enormous dimensions. Achieve it, lution does not appear to be near at hand. We seem to have and the machinery to make it work is secondary. Create ma- slipped farther away from it. Perhaps we will never attain it chinery without an international will to live fairly under law, but it is solution, a and its statement is absurdly simple: Let and it will come to nought. all men, everywhere, have a decent respect for law and order, and for the making of decent laws and the decent maintenance United States has been wistfully seeking international order. THE of agreements based on the rule of law and order. Said Ales- The late Walter Alessandroni believed that we could and sandroni: "Laws are meaningless without means for their en- must attain that goal because is there no other way. When Mr. forcement, and for their impartial administration." That is Alessandroni died in the prime of his life in the crash of a where every effort on the highest level breaks down. While small plane in May, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania lost we have offered the nations concessions on arms control, for its Attorney General. The American Legion lost one of its instance, that are so liberal as to alarm many of our citizens, incisive minds and courageous hearts. The United States lost we have not budged from insisting on open enforcement and a legal mind that it can ill afford to lose. Walter Alessandroni inspection. We cannot get such agreement. Too many nations never let the intricacies of the law interfere with his perception seem to want rules that restrain others, but not themselves. of what law is, what it should be, and why. He never lost faith And so we stay in the jungle, for, again quoting Mr. Ales- that, given time and patience, nations could live under law. sandroni: "The blindfold on the classic figure of Justice is "To counter missiles with anti-missiles," he said, "to counter there so she will not see who is on which side, and will weigh bomb threats with more bomb threats, to mass troops against the merits on the scales, playing no favorites. Without such troops—all of these seem necessary until we solve the basic an ideal of justice, civilization gives way to barbarism." problem. Plainly it will be the work of generations to bring the world "But they are solution no of their own and never can be. to such an ideal of justice, for it must be an ideal planted in They the compound problem infinitely. Not science or power the hearts of men where it is not found today. Our generation or ambition or diplomacy have any final answer, and never can be the missionaries, and we can start at home. Yet one will. wonders if we have not slipped backwards in the 21 years "Only in law is there an answer—enforceable, fairly ad- since the first nuclear bomb went off. Today, even in the free ministered, world-wide law, honored in each land on the same world, we see many of the inheritors of Magna Carta who are terms that it is honored in others. inclined to select which laws to obey and which to ignore. If "We need a new symbol of the blind lady Justice, standing their own view of their case is righteous, they seem to feel on a globe. We are a long way from her, but she is the end of and preach that the law is theirs to write and erase as they the trail through the seeming chaos of our times." choose. The classic irony of this age is a "Ban the Bomb" Walter Alessandroni was not naive enough to believe that group sitting on the pavement obstructing traffic and defying we could have world law simply by forming new organiza- the police. Nobody who disturbs the order of a peaceful city tions or writing fine declarations. In a world where dictator- has a chance of leading the world to that respect for orderly ship—the very opposite of the rule of law—reaches for new process which, alone, might some day really ban the bomb. power wherever it can, the trail to an ordered world reaches Missionaries who sin in public set a poor precept. ahead so endlessly that it seems a hopeless road. "But," he Nor can men improve their rights under law by taking the said, "history has told us that new concepts of law evolve out law into their own hands. If we destroy respect for law in the of seemingly hopeless situations. The only responsibility that process of seeking new goals, we can hold nothing that we free men can give to today's challenge is to secure—not de- may briefly gain. When respect for the rules is destroyed stroy—law and order at home, and on that base take up the whether for a righteous cause or not—all men move closer struggle for the rule of law everywhere in the world with in- to the former times when every man was at every other man's creased intensity." throat and no man had any more rights than he could defend

The World Court will no more bring the whole world under with fist, gun or club. justice in the future than it has in the past. The United Na- Yet today, we see people who assume positions of leader- tions cannot do the job any more than the League of Nations ship over men's minds teaching the creed that if you think did. No artifice that you can devise will do it. Nations need you are right you are your own law. That is the Law of the not give up their sovereignty to live under law any more than Jungle. As long as any leaders of men hold to such teaching men need give up their homes to be law abiding. What is we are not apt to get out of the jungle.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 : " , ;

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JULY 1966 NO GRAVE MARKERS WITHOUT ZIP CODE! permit the Army to write for the The Department of the Army has di- ZIP Code number or to write to ex- rected a letter to The American plain why a request for a grave Legion in which it quite properly marker remains unfilled . . . "News- points out that veterans families letter" is without complete infor- applying for government headstones mation on whether the Army and other or gravemarkers for deceased veterans agencies are following the same must make sure to file their appli- rule with respect to matters other

cations correctly and clearly . . . than those concerning deceased vet- It made a special point of the erans and bereaved families, except reasonable fact that if a headstone that we continue to receive mail or marker bears the deceased's name initiated by federal agencies with- incorrectly spelled because an in- out our own ZIP Code number, which correct spelling was carelessly is 10019. supplied in the first place "the APPLY FOR Government is not in a position to WHERE TO order replacements at public ex- MILITARY MEDALS DUE YOU: pense. " Veterans who are entitled to mili- The same letter also contains this tary campaign medals (and other passage military medals which do not require "By Executive Memorandum, the an individual citation) may obtain President has directed Federal them, if they have not previously agencies to take the lead in ZIP received them, by writing to the Code mailing. In compliance with proper office among those listed this directive, Army activities are below ... In general, there are required to include ZIP Code ntun- medals to match most campaign ribbons. bers in all typewritten and hand- Your permanent military record in- written addresses which originate in dicates your medal entitlement, thus their offices. We now have no it is only necessary, after properly choice but to obtain the numbers identifying yourself, to request

before we correspond with applicants ; "all medals to which I am entitled." and we must suspend all orders for . . . Next-of-kin of deceased vet- markers until the ZIP Codes of erans may also apply. consignees are added to Government The following information must be Bills of Lading and mailing labels. provided "The next revision of the head- Full name. Service number. Current stone application (DD Form 1330) address and ZIP Code number. Ap- will advise applicants of their re- proximate dates of induction and sponsibility to include ZIP Code separation from active duty.

numbers in all addresses ; and will Medals may also be provided to re- provide spaces for this information. place medals previously received Meanwhile we shall appreciate having and lost through no fault of the in- members of your organization who dividual ... In that case their will fill out applications informed receipt and loss should be stated, of the requirement for ZIP Code as well as the basic circumstances

numbers ; insuring that the numbers of the loss. are inserted on any Forms which they Send requests, in either event, to

complete ; explaining to applicants the appropriate address below: that the omission of the numbers ARMY: Commanding Officer, U.S. will automatically delay ordering Army Administration Center, TAGO, the markers. 9700 Page Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. If this means what it says, then 63132. (Except that retired general applications for grave markers or officers should write Adjutant headstones will be unfilled and General, Department of the Army, unacknowledged rather than "de- Washington, D.C.) layed," if the ZIP Code number is NAVY (but not Marine Corps or not provided, even though the Depart- Coast Guard): Officer in Charge, ment of the Army is in full posses- Naval Records Management Center, sion of all the necessary facts to 9700 Page Blvd., St. Louis, Mo.

fill the request . . . The Executive 63132. order, as explained, does not even MARINE CORPS: Marine Corps Liaison

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 ;

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER Officer, Military Personal Records The first step in eligibility for Center, 9700 Page Blvd., St. Louis, disability compensation is the formal Mo. 63132. establishment of a "service-con- COAST GUARD: The Commandant, U.S. nected rating" with the Veterans

Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. Administration . . . The veteran or AIR FORCE: Director, Air Force his representative (The American Records Center, 9700 Page Blvd., St. Legion represents more veterans in Louis, Mo. 63132. Exceptions (1) their claims than any other organi- Retired Air Force personnel should zation) must present evidence to write to Director, USAF Military- the VA to establish that the dis- Personnel Center, Randolph AFB, ability is actually due to military Texas 78148: and (2) Air Force re- service . . . The nature of proper servists not on extended active evidence, and the method of present- duty should write: Commander, Air ing the evidence to conform to VA Reserve Personnel Center, 3800 York adjudication procedures, are in a St., Denver, Colo. 80205. specialized field that a veteran should not tread alone ... He l&R PLATOON, ATTENTION, MEMBERS OF should give power of attorney to a THE BULGE 394th INFANTRY REGIMENT IN service officer authorized to rep- The adventures of I&R Platoon, resent veterans (at no charge to

394th Regiment, 99th Division, in them) , such as a Legion service the Battle of the Bulge may have a officer. role in a forthcoming movie of the If "service connection" is granted

Battle . . . All surviving members of by the VA, monthly compensation is the platoon at that time are asked paid according to the current de- to contact former 1st Lt. Lyle J. gree of disability, as established Bouck, Jr. (then platoon leader) to by VA medical procedures and find-

assist in authenticating I&R's ings . . . Disability is rated on a

battle action story . . . "News- scale from 0% to 100% in steps at

letter" knows this request to be 10% intervals . . . Payments are authentic ... We had a hand in sug- made in increasing amounts for from gesting to the film producers the 10% to 100% disability . . . Even platoon's story as possible script a 0% service-connected rating (which

material . . . Write Lyle J. Bouck, does not rate compensation) is im-

Jr. , 12000 Tesson Ferry Road, St. portant to a veteran who was physi- Louis 28, Mo. cally impaired as a result of military service ... If the dis- THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ability gets worse he may start VETERANS PENSION, COMPENSATION: receiving compensation without then

Two basic federal benefits awarded proving service-connection . . . by law to war veterans are not With the passage of years it be- clearly understood by veterans them- comes increasingly difficult to es-

selves . . . These are (a) compen- tablish service-connection for the

sation and (b) pension . . . Each, first time, since the needed evidence when awarded, results in monthly may become scattered and witnesses

cash payments to beneficiaries . . . (if needed) may be harder to find. But frequently veterans who direct "Statutory" awards of compensation questions to The American Legion are also made in excess of the may refer to either one of them by payments for 100% disability, for the name of the other, and seem specific serious disabilities set unaware that they are entirely aside by law for receipt of more different and are awarded under dif- compensation than that for 100%. ferent ground rules. Pension is an entirely different Compensation is what it says, thing ... It is not related to payment to compensate for a loss service connection, but is a form of suffered in the service of the gov- benefit to ease the pressure of

ernment . . . Compensation is need on war veterans who, through paid for disabilities or death suf- permanent infirmities not related to fered as a result of military war service, are substantially un-

service . . . Death compensation of employable and have low incomes . . . course goes to a surviving widow, Pension for veterans is then a form orphan or, in some cases, dependent of recognition of war service rather

parents . . . Here we are discussing than compensation for war disabili-

awards to living veterans, hence ties . . . "Newsletter" next month only disability compensation. will go into pension in more detail.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS JULY 1966

various other departments at least 20 Nat1 Exec Committee Moves days prior to the national conclave and that it meets all necessary technical re- To Admit Cold War Veterans quirements to amend the Legion Consti- tution. If the convention approves a constitu- Legion eligibility rules to change if Nat'l Convention tional amendment on eligibility, the approves; at Committee adopts 42 resolutions May U.S. Congress would be petitioned in a meeting; membership running 20,000 ahead of 1965; bill to amend the Legion's Federal Char- 50th Anniversary celebration plans set in motion. ter. Favorable action by the Congress would send the bill to the President for signature. The American Legion moved a step tutional Amendments. That committee After the President signs the bill, the closer to the possibility that it would open could then recommend to approve or re- Legion's National Constitution would its membership rolls to Cold War vet- ject. A two-thirds vote of the delegates then be amended and any person who erans as the National Executive Commit- to the National Convention would be re- has honorably terminated a period of tee adopted Resolution 23 at its annual quired to adopt the resolution, since it service in the U.S. Armed Forces since spring meeting in Legion National Head- includes an amendment to the National August 5, 1964, could be accepted for quarters in Indianapolis, Ind., May 4-5, Legion Constitution. membership by an American Legion 1966. At the 1965 National Convention in post. This resolution, if adopted by the dele- departments Portland, Ore., 31 of the The Executive Committee, presided gates to the 48th National Convention in presented resolutions calling for Legion over by Nat'l Cmdr L. Eldon James, Washington, D.C., in August, would en- opening the rolls to Cold War veterans, acted on 43 resolutions in the two-day able all veterans with honorable U.S. mil- but none of these was properly framed session. They adopted 42 and referred itary service between August 5, 1964, for adoption. one for further study and revision. A and a future date to be determined to The new resolution was submitted to digest of the adopted resolutions with join The American Legion. the Nat'l Executive Committee by a Spe- identifying numbers appears on page 34. The August 5 date was selected be- cial Membership Eligibility Committee, Also ranking high in importance were cause this was the date of the retaliatory headed by Past Nat'l Cmdr J. Addington resolutions concerning plans for the attack on North Vietnam by U.S. forces Wagner (Mich.). It had been created to celebration of the Legion's 50th Anni- in the Gulf of Tonkin. prepare a resolution that would conform versary. The Committee granted ap- Prior to that date, according to the to all possible technical requirements be- proval for the National Commander and report by the special committee, "our fore submission to the National Conven- the National Adjutant to execute a con- military presence in Vietnam had been tion Committee on Constitutional tract with the advertising and public essentially advisory, supportive, and de- Amendments. relations firm of Bozell and Jacobs, Inc., fensive. The response of our government Any department of the Legion may calling for the expenditure of not more in the attack on the Gulf of Tonkin can still place a proper resolution on this than $344,000 over a period of 44 be compared to the response of our gov- same question before the National Con- months ending approximately Dec. 31, ernment 14 years earlier in ordering vention, provided it is circularized to the 1969. This company, with offices all over troops from Japan to Korea to repel the invading North Koreans. The Gulf of Tonkin attack was followed five days later by Congressional approval of that which has now become known as the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, giving full Congressional approval to the action and to whatever military steps were necessary in the future to defend the independence of South Vietnam." The terminal date of ehgibiUty for Cold War veterans was not stipulated in the resolution but was left to be decided in the future when the date of cessation of hostilities would be determined by the United States government. This was the same form followed when the ranks of the Legion were opened to admit Korean War veterans. The resolution must now be circulated among the departments of the Legion at least 20 days prior to the National Con-

vention in August when it will be referred to the Convention Committee on Consti- The American Legion National Executive Committee as it began its May, 1966 meeting. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 33 NEWS. the country, would provide the profes- Commanders and Adjutants meeting. sional guidance and help necessary to While in session, Nat'l Executive successfully complete the Legion's wide- Committeemen stood for a Memorial ranging anniversary objectives. Resolution to the late Past Nat'l Cmdr The expenditure of these funds would Louis A. Johnson (1932-33), who use as a nucleus five major events passed away April 24, 1966. Johnson selected to signal the 50th Anniversary. had been Secretary of Defense under They are: The American Legion 50th President Harry S. Truman in 1949-50. National Convention in Milwaukee, During the Committee meetings, Na- Wis., in 1968; Veterans' Day, Nov. 11, tional American Legion Auxiliary Pres- 1968, at Arlington National Cemetery, ident Mrs. Walter H. Glynn brought Va.; The 50th Anniversary of the Birth- Auxiliary Pres. Glynn told of her Far East- greetings to the Committeemen and day of The American Legion, ern trip. March Eugene Pulliam got the Nat'l $50,000 in checks from the Auxiliary to 15-17, 1969 (the Legion's 1969 Wash- Cmdr's Journalistic Achievement Award. augment Legion programs—$20,000 for ington Conference would also be held Rehabilitation, $20,000 for Child Wel- there that at time); The 50th Anni- fare, and $10,000 to the Child Welfare versary of the St. Louis Caucus in May Foundation. 1969 (the spring Meeting of the Nat'l Mrs. Glynn also presented $2,000 Exec Committee would also be held from the Auxiliary to the Legion's Viet- there at that time); and the 50th Anni- nam Relief Fund at the National Com- versary of the First National Convention mander's Dinner to the Committee at of The American Legion on Veterans' the Indianapolis Athletic Club, Wed. Day, 1969. May 4. As the featured speaker, she With this celebration The American gave her impressions gathered on a Legion would hope to accomplish four recent visit to South Vietnam and the basic objectives: (1) lead the nation in Far East. Dianna Lynn Batts brought an invitation appropriate activities commemorating to the Washington Nat'l Convention. State Also at the banquet, Eugene C. Pull- the Armistice of Nov. 11, 1918, and vic- Dep't's Rob't Miller discussed Vietnam. iam, publisher of the Indianapolis Star, tory in WWl; (2) bring to the nation's the 3-Gadsden, Ala.; 4-Memphis, Tenn.; Indianapolis News, and five other attention the circumstances and events Indiana and Arizona newspapers, re- 5-Canton, III.; 6-Hastings, Nebr.; 7- that led to the founding of The American ceived Helena, Mont.; and, 8-Ontario, Calif. The American Legion National Legion and its role in history; (3) call Commander's Award for The 1967 American Legion World Journalistic attention of the American people to the Achievement. Series, previously Legion's 50-year record of achievements; awarded to Memphis, Earlier that day Mr. Robert Miller, Tenn., will be held Aug. 28 through and set forth Legion's (4) the objectives Director of the Vietnam Working Sept. 4, 1967. and the aims of its programs and activi- Group, U.S. Department of State, gave ties for the future. Henry J. Sweeney Post 2 of Man- an off-the-record high-level brieting to chester, N.H., was awarded the 1968 On other subjects, the Executive Com- Committee members on the military and Legion World Series. mittee also called for a revaluation of the political situation in Vietnam. It was announced that the American Vietnam war as to U.S. military strategy, Miss USA- 1965, Dianna Lynn Batts, Legion National Oratorical Contest tactics and logistical support and urged of Falls Church, Va., appeared before Final will be held Thursday, April 13, that military leaders be given a larger the Committee during a recess to present 1967, at Lincoln, Nebr. role in the planning and execution of Nat'l Cmdr L. Eldon James with the The National Convention Commis- the conflict. It also called for more official 1966 Convention Invitation to sion, under the chairmanship of James vigorous measures, as military judgment The American Legion from the City of V. Demarest (N.Y.), reported that out- determines necessary, such as the posi- Washington, D.C. ward indications were that the National tive interdiction of the Ho Chi Minh Late in 1965, Miss Batts toured South Convention in August at Washington trail, the destruction of enemy fuel Vietnam entertaining U.S. troops with showed promise of being an outstanding supplies, and the denial of the use of the Bob Hope's show. Daughter of a WW2 meeting. The Commission also recom- port of Haiphong and other supply Marine Corps combat veteran, she had mended that tentative convention awards facilities. been a secretary at the Pentagon for the be made to the following cities: 1967- Another resolution urged Legion posts Air Force. She plans to tour Vietnam Boston, Mass.; 1968-Milwaukee, Wis.; to conduct Vietnam Informational Pro- again with another troupe soon. grams. These would be forums designed 1969-Atlanta, Ga.; 1970-New Orleans, La.; and 1971 -Phoenix, Ariz. to present a continuing program of in- Digest of Resolutions formation on the community level about The Membership & Post Activities Here is a digest of the 42 resolutions U.S. efforts in Vietnam and its critical Committee reported that Legion member- adopted by the National Executive Com- relationship to our national security. ship had reached 2,442,033 by May 3rd. mittee at the spring, 1966 meetings. Two Americanism resolutions Target for that date was 2,438,873. Na- adopted concerned the U.S. Flag. One tional turn-ins exceeded the goal by AMERICANISM 10. religious called for a federal law making it a crime 5,233 members—more than 20,000 Recommends more intensive programs at Job Corps Centers. for this to desecrate the flag and the other urged ahead of Legion membership 11. Urges and supports legislation making it a crime, punishable by fine or imprisonment or daily flag display Legionnaires until point in 1965. The sixth and last target by both, to desecrate the U.S. Flag. peace is restored in Vietnam. date for this year is August 1 with a goal 12. Calls for daily display of the American Flag by Legion members until peace is restored in Americanism also disclosed its sites of 2,544,438 members. Vietnam. 16. Supports legislation to amend the Immigra- for 1967 American Legion Baseball Re- The National Executive Committee al- tion and Nationality Act to provide travel control gional Tournaments. They are: 1- so confirmed Oct. 12-14 for its fall meet- over U.S. residents outside the country. 20. Change in the method of selecting winners Manchester, N.H.; 2-Bridgeton. N.J.; ing and Oct. 10-11 for the Department of the V^illiam Randolph Hearst Trophy.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1966 — — i NEWS

CHILD WELFARE 24. Changes in the Legion's Manual of Cere- monies. National Convention Information 28. Commends the majority of American youth 25. Change in regulations for awarding the for outstanding and loyal citizenship, academic Arthur D. Houghton S.A.L. Trophy. Washington, D.C, the nation's cap- achievement and character development. 26. Supports legislation to erect a memorial to 30. Recommends federal legislation to protect ital, is the site of the 48th Annual Na- Gen. John J. Pershing in Wash., D.C. from accidental death or injury due to children 31. Opposes burial in national cemeteries of in- tional Convention of The American Le- drugs and other hazardous materials. dividuals convicted of treason. 32. Authorizes charter of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo gion and its Auxiliary, Aug. 26-Sept. 1, CONVENTION Post 45, Cubao, O.C., Philippines. 1966. The Legion last held a national 33. Supports the establishment of a suitable Na- 27. Satisfaction of indebtedness of uniformed tional Cemetery policy. convention in in 1954. groups at National Conventions. Washington 40. the American Bible Society on its 38. Authorizes Nat'l Adjt to accept advertising for Commends 150th Anniversary. Headquarters hotel for the Legion will the National Convention Souvenir Program. be the new Washington Hilton, while the LEGION LIFE INSURANCE AND TRUST ECONOMIC Auxiliary will use the Shoreham Hotel 39. Approval to reimburse The American Legion 6. Supports legislation to amend the Cold War for life insurance expenses. for all business. GI Bill to provide assistance in on-the-job train- 43. Approval to prepare agreement for American ing programs. The Legion will use its regular Legion Life Insurance Plan. Wash- ington office at 1608 K St., N.W., as the FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE NATIONAL SECURITY 14. Plans for the 50th Anniversary Observance National Headquarters office during the 3. Opposes the closing of the U.S. Armory in of the Founding of American Legion. The Springfield, Mass. convention. Both Legion and Auxiliary 15. Calls for the commemoration of the 50th 4. Commends Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Director of Anniversary of the First American Legion Na- offices will open for business August 22. the U.S. Selective Service System. tional Convention in Minneapolis, Minn., and 5. Urges next nuclear aircraft carrier be named Legion's opening ses- asks designation of that city as one of the re- The convention for the late Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. gional locations for the official national observ- 9. Supports passage of S. 2351 to protect families sion will take place at the District of Co- ance of Veterans Day, Nov. 11, 1969. of U.S. servicemen in Vietnam from harassment. 17. Calls for commemoration of the 50th Anni- lumbia National Guard Armory at 2001 13. Supports legislation to provide uniformity for versary Caucus of The American Legion in St. improvement of career opportunities in the mili- E. Capitol St., Tues., Aug. 30. The two Louis, that the Na- Mo., during May 1969 and tary services. tional Executive Committee shall have its regular 21. Urges a stronger and readier Reserve Mili- remaining business sessions on Wednes- spring meeting there at that time. tary establishment and its use in the training of day and Thursday will be held in the In- enlistees and inductees in the military service. FOREIGN RELATIONS 22. Recommends that the Vietnam conflict be re- ternational Ballroom of the Washington 41. Urges Legion posts to organize and implement evaluated as to strategy, tactics, and logistical Hilton Hotel. within their communities a continuing program support, that the leadership and concepts of our of information about U.S. efforts in Vietnam. military planners be given primary consideration On Tuesday evening, 7:30 p.m., Aug. 42. Urges more vigorous measures to halt the in the execution and conclusion of this war, and flow of communist forces and supplies into South that the U.S. use every military effort to success- 30, that same ballroom will hold the Na- fully conclude the Vietnam. war. tional Commander's Dinner to Distin- INTERNAL AFFAIRS REHABILITATION guished Guests. Tickets can be ordered 35. Legislation to amend Title 38 USC 641 to in- 1. Authorizes charter of Hohenfels Post 13, from: American Legion Convention Di- Hohenfels, Germany. crease the per diem payment to states for hospital care of war veterans rector, Legion 2. Authorizes charter of Raymond Howard Post American Washington 36. Opposes eligibility of retired military per- 8, San Miguel de Allende, GTO., Mexico St., sonnel for treatment in Veterans Administration Headquarters, 1608 K N.W., Wash- 7. Rescinds certain National Emblem Sales non- legislative policy resolutions. Hospitals under priorities and standards different ington, D.C. 20006. Cost is $12.50 per than those applicable to war veterans. 8. Specifications, bids and contracts for Emblem person. Please checks payable to Division merchandise. 37. Calls for the sponsorship and support of make legislation to provide nursing home care for vet- 18. Authorizes wider distribution of convention "National Commander's Dinner." erans living in Alaska and Hawaii. committee reports and resolutions to department The States Dinner of the Auxiliary delegations at national conventions. REORGANIZATION 19. Selects recipients of the International Amity will take place at the Shoreham Hotel, Award for 1966. 34. Refers the resolution creating The American 23. Amendments to The American Legion Con- Legion Auxiliary Department in the Philippines 8:00 p.m.. Wed., Aug. 31. stitution and the Federal Act incorporating the to the national organization of The American Legion to extend eligibility to Cold War Veterans. Legion Auxiliary for appropriate action. The combination Senior and Junior

O THOMAS TO WASHINGTON HILTON HOTEL %3 « (Legion Hq. Z Hotel)_'S^_ , g WASHINGTON J LI LI LiJC. IS D D L.- ni \r\[\vi O CIRCLE [LEGION WASHINGTON HQ.

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D [ [-1 n I \^ ^\ n I i Downtown Washington, D.C, showing the route of the National Convention Parade and some points of interest to Legionnaires. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 36 NEWS

Drum & Bugle Corps Finals and Parade will be in a block ahead of the conti- of Champions will be held Sun.. Aug. nental departments. Host department, 28, at p.m., in 7:30 D.C. Stadium. The the District of Columbia, will march last. Drum & Bugle Contest will include the No. Department Average five top Senior groups and the five top 1. Mississippi 109.23 Junior groups with each competing on its 2. South Carolina 100.97 3. Hawaii 100.31 level. own Early indications were that 4. Puerto Rico 100.21 registration of marching and playing 5. Arkansas 100.13 6. Minnesota 99.87 groups was heavy and that competition 7. Ohio 99.44 8. Oklahoma would be rugged. 99.24 9. Florida 99.05 D.C. Stadium can hold over 45.000 10. Louisiana 98.46 11. Maryland 98.21 people and a near-capacity audience is 12. Idaho 98.01 13. Wisconsin 97.90 expected. Box seats are selling for $3.00 14. Connecticut 97.60 and reserved seats are $2.50. General ad- 15. Oregon 97.46 16. Michigan 97.36 mission tickets are $2.00 each for adults 17. Indiana 97.07 18. Kansas and $1.00 each for children. con- Washington Hilton — Nat'l Convention Hq. 96.86 Each 19. Utah 96.62 vention-goer's registration packet will 20. Delaware 96.47 21. Iowa 96.10 contain a $.50 discount coupon which 22. Rhode Island 95.96 23. New Jersey 95.25 will apply to all the above prices except 24. Nebraska 94.99 children's seats. Tickets purchased in ad- 25. Maine 94.54 26. North Dakota 94.44 vance of July 15 will be given an auto- 27. South Dakota 94.33 28. Pennsylvania matic $.50 per ticket discount. 94.05 29. Illinois 93.86 A feature event of the evening will be 30. North Carolina 93.829 31. Virginia 93.825 the 20th Annual Drawing for the four 32. Tennessee 93.52 33. Arizona Ford convertible 93.36 automobiles donated 34. Alabama 93.22 by the three Seagram Posts of The Amer- 35. Montana 93.20 36. New Hampshire 93.17 ican Legion. 37. California 92.14 38. New York 91.96 Prior to this convention, the Seagram 39. Washington 91.60 40. Colorado 90.70 Posts (#807 Chicago, 111.. #1283 41. West Virginia 90.58 Woodside, N.Y., and #658 Los An- 42. Vermont 90.34 43. Texas 89.90 geles, Calif.) donated 76 cars having a 44. Kentucky 89.89 total value close to $200,000, in addition 45. Massachusetts 89.39 The new D.C. Stadium. 46. Georgia 89.30 to other lesser cash awards. The car can 47. Alaska 89.23 gram. They are: the National Oratorical 48. Missouri 88.89 be won by any member of the or Legion 49. Nevada Contest Champion: the Boys" 88.71 Auxiliary. Nation 50. Nev7 Mexico 87.74 President: the top Eagle Scout; a youth 51. Wyoming 86.76 It is not necessary to be present to win. 52. District of Columbia 77.23 representative of The Sons of The Amer- Just fill out one of the coupons provided ican Legion, and The American Legion Contests and Events by the Seagram Posts ( see page 29 ) and Baseball Player of the Year. mail it in or bring to the convention. Here are the sites, dates and times of The Gray Line, Inc.. has been selected Coupons will also be available at Legion competitions and other American Le- as the official sightseeing tour agency and department conventions and in Washing- gion-sponsored events which will take has available a wide selection of tours. ton. D.C. place at the 1966 National Convention. Registrants will find coupons in their The big Legion parade starts at 12:00 Saturday, Aug. 27 convention packets which will entitle noon. Monday, Aug. 29, at 4th St., and • Junior Drum & Bugle Corps Prelimi- them to discounts on all tours when pre- Pennsylvania Ave. It proceeds west on naries. 8:00 a.m., Edison High School, sented at American Legion Tour Desks Pennsylvania to 15th St., south on 15th 5801 Franconia Road. Alexandria, Va. in the lobbies of most convention hotels. to Constitution Ave., and then west on • Senior Color Guard Contest. 11:30 Group tours are available at a substan- Constitution to the disbanding area at a.m.. The Ellipse, south of the White tial reduced rate but must be arranged i9th St. The reviewing stand will be lo- House. in advance with Gray Line or through • cated on the north side of Constitution Junior Band Contest. 1 : 00 p.m.. West- the Legion Tour Committee. Ave., between 15th and 17th Sts. ern High School, 35th and R Sts., N.W.. All persons who obtain housing in Washington, D.C. Convention Parade Order Washington must pay the established reg- • Senior Band Contest. 2:00 p.m.. West- istration fee of $3.00 per person which The Mississippi American Legion will ern High School. applies to all Legionnaires, their wives, lead the Legion's 48th National Conven- Sunday, Aug. 28 and adult guests. Registration fee for mu- tion parade on Monday Aug. 29, in • Senior Drum & Bugle Corps Prelimi- sical units is $1.00 per participant when Washington, D.C. naries. 8:00 a.m., Lee High School. 6540 registering as a group. All others are By posting a total membership of 27.- Franconia Road, Springfield, Va. $3.00. 851 or 109.23 per cent of their previous • Firing Squad Contest. 8:00 a.m.. The

The Legion's National Security Com- four-year average of 25,498 by May 1, Ellipse, south of the White House. mission will visit naval and marine instal- the department has earned that right and • Junior Color Guard Contest. 1:00 lations at Norfolk and Little Creek. Va.. has also won the Bodenhamer Trophy, p.m.. The Ellipse. and at Camp Lejeune and Cherry Point. awarded annually to the department • American Legion and Legion Auxil- N.Cto view military demonstrations and which achieves first place in the conven- iary Chorus and Quartet Contests. 1:00 maneuvers just prior to the convention. tion parade position. p.m.. Cotillion Ballroom. Sheraton-Park

Each year the Legion brings to its Na- Here is the parade order for the 52 de- Hotel. 2660 Woodley Rd.. N.W.. Wash. tional Convention the current youth win- partments and their percentage of four- D.C. ners representing its Americanism pro- year average. The foreign departments • American Legion Drum and Bugle

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1966 NEWS

Corps Finals and the Parade of Cham- governor in the primary election slated deeded 160 acres of land nine miles pions. 7:30 p.m., D.C. Stadium, 22nd for May 17. He and the others were en northeast of Stiles to the Dep't of Texas. and E Sts. route to a meeting in Uniontown. Ales- Today, the land is an oil producing bo- In case of a rainout on the Drum and sandroni resigned from the Nat'l Execu- nanza. Dep't Cmdr Clayton Mann (left

Bugle Corps Finals and the Parade of tive Committee on March 1 5 in order to

Champions, it will be held the following campaign for the state office. He was night, Aug. 29, same place and time. Nat'l Vice Cmdr of the Legion in 1948- 49 and Dep't Cmdr in 1949-50. Vietnam Relief Fund Fog and heavy icing conditions were blamed for the crash of the twin-engine As we went to press The American Piper Aztec in a rugged, desolate area, Legion Vietnam Relief Fund had reached an eighth of a mile northeast of 3,000- $109,696.34. To help the Vietnamese foot Laurel Mountain. Both wings were people, make your tax deductible contri- sheared off the twisted but uncharred butions to The American Legion Viet- wreckage and the landing gear was down. nam Relief Fund, National Headquar- Alessandroni was among the earliest ters, American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, WW2 veterans to assume an active and Indianapolis, Ind., 46206. responsible role on the national scene in The American Legion. What he believed Pardon Our Error he said fearlessly, and sharpened it with

In our coverage of the March Wash- a ready wit. In the 1947 convention, Oil: great smile maker in Dep't of Texas. ington Conference of The American when veterans housing was acutely short, Legion (page 30) we published photo- he defended the Taft-Ellender-Wagner in photo above) recently dedicated the oil well. graphs of Congressional and Legion lead- housing bill against the general sentiment Said Legionnaire Dean Cheno- weth in the Angelo Standard-Times: ers on their way to attend the National of the convention. It could be amended San Commander's Banquet Honoring the to provide veterans housing rapidly, he "Fourteen posts had their commanders or other representatives present to Congress of the United States. claimed. To charges that the bill was "so- show Inadvertently, we identified Sen. Karl cialistic" Alessandroni cried: "If Senator their colors and help count the wealth they flowing into 500- E. Mundt as having come from North Taft is a Socialist, I'm Santa Claus!" could hear two Dakota. Having received some letters on Nat'l Cmdr James F. O'Neil named him barrel tanks. Some Dep't representatives the subject, we apologize and hasten to to the post of Legion Housing Chmn, expect as much as $1,100 to $1,300 per production allot- correct the error. Sen. Mundt represents and during his tenure the TEW bill was month from current South Dakota. amended to provide preferences for vet- ments, which some bystanders who have erans housing, and passed, with good re- oil production of their own thought was Walter Alessandroni Dies sults. optimistic. But Legionnaires are glowing Walter E. Alessandroni, of Harris- For years a Federal attorney in Phila- in the thought that this is the only Dep't

with free-flowing . . . burg, Attorney General of the Common- delphia, Alessandroni was shocked at a well W. H. Mc- Gregor, Dep't Adjutant (right in photo), wealth of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsyl- the maze of technicalities which obstruct said the land that had been called a 'white vania Legion's Nat'l Executive Commit- justice. He was an outspoken critic of elephant' in the Dep't publication had teeman from 1954 until 1966, was killed legerdemain and an articulate spokes- turned into a black one." in a light plane crash Sunday night. May man against the growing disrespect for 8, during a flight from Harrisburg to the law and order in the United States. He Connellsville State Airport. Also dead managed the campaigns of Gov. William The American Legion of Idaho, re- in the crash were his wife, Ethel; James Scranton of Pennsylvania, and Scranton ports The Idaho Legionnaire, is studying named him state's attorney general. the "Teen-Age Jury" plan in use in sev- Several thousand people attended the eral states in juvenile delinquency cases services. Survivors are Walter's father, and will ask some city in this state to try Joseph, and two sons, Eugene C, 2nd, it out, according to Dep't Cmdr Donn and Eric G., a sophomore at Dickinson McClain. He has appointed a committee College. Legionnaires desirous of mak- to draw up a program whereby teen age ing a remembrance are encouraged to offenders would be tried by persons in make a contribution to The American their own age group sitting as a jury. Legion Vietnam Relief Fund. McClain said many juvenile court judges have found young offenders pay more at- BRIEFLY NOTED tention to their behavior when they know The Queens County, N.Y., American they will be tried by persons of their own Legion Americanism Award has been age if they commit minor offenses. given to The News, New York's picture newspaper, "for its consistent defense of Frank E. Lowe, a Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr American principles and traditions, for of the Legion, was honored recently at its encouragement of the study of a testimonial dinner in Portland, Maine. Walter E. Alessandroni America's history and heroes, and for its The 81 -year-old retired major general, E. Staudinger, a member of the State forthright exposition of the nature of USA, served in WWl , WW2, and Korea. Liquor Control Board and Montgomery the communist enemy." It's the first time During WW2, he was assigned to the County Republican Chmn; and the pilot, the award has gone to a newspaper. Truman Committee Investigating the Melvin Ladin. Nat'l Defense Program. He was Presi- Alessandroni was the Republican state When Guy Shirey retired as Legion dent Truman's Special Representative in organization candidate for lieutenant Dep't Cmdr of Texas in August 1 92 1 , he Korea. Mr. Lowe received a framed testi- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 37 NEWS.

monial of recognition signed by Legion paper, for $6 (regular price: $12) to any Post 562 and its Auxiliary members and Nat'l Cmdr Eldon James. Among those combat unit. The Nat'l Americanism friends. at the dinner were Gov. John H. Reed, Commission urges that "this is a splendid U.S. Maritime Commissioner James V. chance to let the men in the armed ser- Day, representing President Johnson, vices know that the Legion is thinking of and Lt. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Director them. It also gives posts a chance to let Oupviis Cross Post 15 of Selective Service. The Sporting News know how much the AMERICAN lEGION Legion appreciates the splendid support A Legion-sponsored bill has become a the publication has given the Legion in Co-sponsored by three Baseball program. Send orders to: law Kentucky. £ Salutes Sumoun I other vets organizations, Senate Bill 46 Circulation Dep't, The Sporting News, OUR BOYS amends present law to allow orphans 2012-18 Washington Ave., St. Louis, m from ages 17 to 23 of veterans killed in Mo. 63166. VIETNAM/ any recognized hostilities, as well as children of veterans who are permanently The 1965 Legion Baseball graduate of Post 15, N.H., shows its sentiments. and totally disabled or who are rated 100 the year has been chosen: Eddie Fisher per cent disabled for compensation pur- of the Chicago White Sox. Nat'l Cmdr poses, to attend State-supported institu- Eldon James will present the award to Post 151, Sandstone, Minn., sponsored tions of higher education or vocational Fisher in Chicago on July 30. a "bleed-in" for Vietnam at the Federal training schools without having to pay Correctional Institution. Inmates, who matriculation or tuition charges. POSTS IN ACTION originated the idea, demonstrated their support of U. S. military personnel in George Ehinger, of Dover, Del., has Vietnam by donating 117 pints of blood. been elected president of The American Post Cmdr Donald E. Johnson made the Legion Child Welfare Foundation. The arrangements with the Red Cross. The rate of response was high, for the institu- new vice president is Soleng Tom, of tion has only 420 inmates, Tucson, Ariz.; secretary is David V. and some Addy, of Detroit, Mich.; and treasurer volunteers were rejected. is William E. Galbraith, of Beemer, Nebr. Post 29, Stanton, Del., on May 6 turned in an all-time high of 108 members for Massachusetts Legionnaires in Boston 1967. recently paid tribute to three of their number: Superior Court Judge John J. Post 220, Soutli Orange, N.J., raised Darcy, former Chief Attorney of the VA $250 in response to a request from Capt. Post 255, Ohio, shows its colors. in Boston; Basil Mulligan; and Rep. Richard Mercadante, a South Orange Post 255, Tallmadge, Ohio, Frank Tanner, former VA Chief of has enlisted officer attached to the 578th Ordnance the 250 tractors of All States Freight, Adjudication. Presentations of silver Co. in Vietnam. The money was needed Inc., to carry the Legion's "I'm trays were made to the three by Past Proud to provide proper feeding facilities for I Am An American" stickers. In the Nat'l Cmdrs Daniel J. Doherty and children of the Central Highlands photo above, 1. rt.: James F. O'Neil and Past Nat'l Chaplain to Post Cmdr Jim Orphanage about ten miles north of Forsythe and William Doyle, 1st Vice Edward J. Carney. Saigon. Cmdr, both All States employees, apply a sticker. Legion posts can send a subscription to Post 3, Guadalajara, Mexico, has given The Sporting News, the baseball news- a citation to a woman diplomat in the Three members of Post 562, Ridgewood, U.S. Foreign Service. Nancy E. Pearl, N.Y., appeared one Sunday afternoon lately vice consul of the U.S. in Guad- COMRADE IN DISTRESS on the United Cerebral Palsy Telethon Readers who can help this comrade are urged over WOR-TV, Channel 9. The photo to do so. Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- below shows (1. to rt.) James Tilton, can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. Post 562 Chaplain, Cmdr Edward Mur- They are not accepted from other sources. Readers wanting Legion help with claims ray, and PPC Richard King, current should contact their local service officers. chairman of the Hospitalized Vets Service officers unable to locate needed Com- witnesses for claims development should refer mittee, presenting to TV personality the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- sion through normal channels, for further Dennis James a check for $850, repre- search before referral to this column. senting a "mile of pennies" donated by Ulithi Atoll, Caroline Islands, WW2—Need information from any doctor, pharmacist mate, or anyone connected with U.S. Naval Hosp. Post 3, Mexico, rewards lady vice consul. on island of Faraulep (or Falalop) who knew of eye injury to Connie R. ("Dago") DeBiasi, alajara (since re-assigned to Jamaica, Shore Patrolman on Mog Mog and serving Cmdr, Service Sqdn 10. In 1945. USS Ran- W.I.), won the respect of the Legion- dolph, carrier, anchored at Ulithi, was hit by naires by the way she looked after three Japanese suicide planes. One of the planes glanced off the carrier and hit the hos- American citizens who ran afoul of pital island, damaging mess hall and part of hospital. DeBiasi was injured on Mog Mog, Mexican law or who were injured or ill treated on hospital island of Faraulep for an or in any kind of trouble, and saw that eye condition, is now losing sight of one eye, and has a claim in to the VA. Need name and they got their full rights. In the photo p.o. address of hospital, names of doctors and personnel, present location of records, and above are (1. to rt.): Alt. Nat'l Executive hospital's supplier of prescription glasses. Committeeman Cliff Braswell, Miss Write to: Connie R. DeBiasi, 28951 Somerset, Inkster, Mich. 48141. Cerebral Palsy aid from Post 562, N.Y. Pearl, Post 3 Cmdr Bob Kelly, U.S. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 :

NEWS

Consul General Joseph L. MontUor, and THE AMERICAN LEGION Award of Merit from the Armed Forces promoter Andy NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Committee of Worcester County. one-time U.S. boxing APRIL 30, 1966 Niederreiter, Post 3 Adjutant. ASSETS Cash on hand and on deposit 2,329,281.17 $ of Calif., Receivable 178,351.59 Dr. Jack W. Mears, Norwalk, Inventories 467,940.83 a member of the Legion's Special Liai- A bridge linking three Wisconsin villages Invested Funds 2,645,160.94 son Committee with the Nat'l Education —Kimberly, Little Chute, and Com- Trust Funds Overseas Graves Decoration Assoc., given the Honor Certificate bined Locks—serves as a membership Trust Fund 288,408.23 Employees Retirement Foundation Award from the Freedoms drive incentive to two local posts. The Trust Fund .3,710,921.68 3,999,329.91 Foundation for a public address titled, first post over the top in membership an- Real Estate 819,469.33 Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 193,755.75 "Giants In Our Midst." Deferred Charges 91,275.39 $1 0.724.564.91 LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Francis E. Miner, a member of the & NET WORTH Legion's and Order Committee of Current Liabilities $ 539,115.20 Law Funds Restricted as to use 62,193.14 the Nat'l Security Commission, named Deferred Income 1,984,650.75 Trust Funds: Ass't Commandant of the Rocky Hill, Overseas Graves Decoration Veterans and Hospital. Trust Fund 288,408.23 Conn., Home Employees Retirement Trust Fund .3,710,921.68 3,999,329.91

Net Worth < Reserve Fund 25,119.11 Watt L. Fallis, of Buena Park, Calif., Wisconsin: The winner names the bridge. Restricted Fund 822,630.58 Real Estate 819,469.33 Past Cmdr of the Dep't of Washington Reserve for Rehabilitation 484,245.84 (1950-51). nually has the honor of naming the Reserve for Child Welfare 110,346.71 Reserve for Convention 60.000.00 bridge for one year. Kimberly Post 60 Reserve for Mail List Delbert James Kenny, of West Bend, outscrambled Little Cliute Post 258, re- Conversion 289,034.84 2,610,846.41 Wise, Past Nat'l Executive Committee- cently, aided an aerial roundup, and by Unrestricted Capital 1 .528,429.50 4.139.275.91 man (1929-30), and at the time of his the result is shown in the photo above. $10,724,564.91 death a vice chairman of the Legion's Left to right are: Leon Toonen, VC, and Nat'l Distinguished Guests Committee. Jack Metz, Cmdr, Post 258; Jack Revoir, PEOPLE IN THE NEWS VC, A. J. Courchaine, Cmdr, and James Robert M. McCurdy, of Pasadena, Oscar Edward Lewis, of Bagley, Minn., Williams, County VC, all of Post 60. The Calif., chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Past Dep't Cmdr (1944-45). of merit in its class bridge won an award Rehabilitation Commission, appointed in 1954 from the American Institute of by the President to the Joint U.S.-Philip- Forrest G. Cooper, of Indianola, Miss., Steel Construction, as "The most beauti- pines Commission on Benefits of Philip- Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman ful steel bridge." pine Vets of WW2. (1932-36) and Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1931-32). The President of Peru, Fernando Be- Daniel F. Foley, of Wabasha, Minn., launde Terry, invited to lunch at the Past Nat'l Cmdr (1963-64), appointed NEW POSTS Government Palace the executive mem- District Judge (Trial Court) for bers (below) of 21 -year-old Legion Post South- The American Legion has recently eastern Minnesota by Gov. Karl F. chartered the following new posts: 1, Lima. This was a friendly gesture in Rolvaag. Savage Post 300, Talladega, Ala.; recognition of the work Post 1 has done throughout the years, not only in main- Kirkwood Post 550, Atlanta, Ga.; Hohenfels Post 13, Hohenfels, Germany taining good relations between the John J. Wicker, Jr., former Virginia (Dep't of France); Andover Post 406, United States and Peru, but in fund rais- State Senator, appointed by Nat'l Cmdr Andover, Kans.; Derby Post 405, Derby, ing, charity and disaster relief work. In Eldon James to be honorary vice chair- Kans.; Southeast Post 404, Wichita, the photo below are (1. to rt.), front row: man of the Legion's 50th Anniversary Col. John Atkins, U.S. Military Attache Committee. Kans.; Harlan Post 323, Harlan, Ky.; to Peru; Stephen Philippides, Past Cmdr; Glenarden Post 275, Glenarden, Md.; Dr. Cesar W. Ugarte, Jr., Post Cmdr; Raymond Howard Post 8, San Miguel Granville Ridley, Chmn, Legion Nat'l President Terry; Father W. R. Mc- de Allende, GTO., Mexico; Arcade- Security Council, awarded the Outstand- Carthy, Post Chaplain; Col. Ralph Sitt, Phalen Post 577, St. Paul, Minn.; James ing Civilian Service Medal for service as 2nd Vice Cmdr; Kent C. Levene. Rear: A. Harris Post 39, Webb, Miss.; Big Civilian Aide to the Secretary of the John C. Whitcomb, Judge Advocate; Smoky Valley Post 18, Round Mountain, Army for the State of Tennessee. Raymond J. Roekaert, Finance Officer; Nev. Ray Muschell, 1st VC; Dr. William A. Alsip Post 1282, Alsip, N.Y.; Roch- Morgan, Adjutant; Arnold C. Cunning- Norman Stewart, of Shrewsbury, Mass., dale Village Post 1858, Jamaica, N.Y.; ham, Sgt-at-Arms; and Mariano Mon- Alternate Nat'l Executive Committee- Garbarina-Mazarakos Memorial Post talvan. man and Past Dep't Cmdr, given the 1523, New York, N.Y.; King City Post

1 94, Portland, Ore.; James C. Ford Post 949, Carroll Twp., Washington Co., Pa.; Parkwood Post 855, Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington House Post 847, Phila- delphia, Pa.; General Emilio Aguinaldo Post 45, Quezon City, Philippines; Manderson Post 302, Manderson, S. Dak.; Aldine Post 578, Aldine Tex.; Jose Reyes Post 574, Midland, Tex.; Edward Barksdale Post 566, Venus, Tex.; Makah

Officers of Post 1, Lima, Peru, were guests of Peru's president. Post 75, Neah Bay, Wash. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 39 NEWS

American Legion Life Insurance and Charles Woehler, Sr. (all 1965), Post 1132, 133rd Inf, Co B (WW2)— (Aug.) Art Van Erem, Seaford, N.Y. Month Ending April 30, 1966 514 S. Hackett Rd., Waterloo. Iowa 50701 George Card, Jr. and George Hawks (both 140th Inf, Co B (WWl)— (Sept.) E. C. Lohse, Benefits paid Jan. 1-ApriI 30, 1966 . ..$ 299,209 1966), Post 1466, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Boonville, Mo. Benefits paid since April 1958 3,374,679 Elmer A. Willard (1965), Post 1571, Dresden, 151st Inf, Co G— (July) Hubert S. Oils, 3783 Basic Units in force (number) 125,572 N.Y. Gill St., Hobart, Ind. New Applications approved since James Prentis Brown and William Hurley 166th Field Art'y Reg't, 938th & 939th Bns— Jan. 1, 1966 3,227 Simpson (both 1966), Post 347, Elyria, Ohio. (Sept.) Clyde D. Shoop, 318 Center St., Jim New Applications rejected 554 Roy D. Smith (1966), Post 482, Scio, Ohio. Thorpe, Pa. 18229 Kenneth Davis (1966), Post 493, Homer City, 178th Field Art'y Bn, Bat (Sept.) Paul H. American Legion Life Insurance is an official A— Pa. Greer, Rt. 6, Greer, S.C. program of The American Legion, adopted by 29651 George Malone and Charles B. Millar and 188th Field Art'y Bn, Bat F Medic Detach— the Nat'l Executive Committee, 1958. It is re- & Aloysius Monroe and Albert Moorehouse and (Aug.) Walter S. ducing term insurance, issued on application, Johnson, 401 Packenham Thomas D. O'Conner (all 1965), Post 240, Mar- Ave. Grand Forks, N. Dak. 58201 subject to approval based on health and em- tin, S. Dak. 206th CA (AA)— (Sept.) Aubrey T. Albright, ployment statement to paid up members of The John H. Macon and Geo. O. Spear (both 1964) 5722 Woodlawn, Little American Legion. Death benefits range from Rock, Ark. and W. L. Eikman (1965) and E. J. Shoemaker 217th CA Bat C (later: 494th Bat B, $9,200 (full unit up to age 35) in reducing steps AAA, Gun (1966), Post 65, Childress, Tex. Bn (July) Herman N. 1207 with age to termination of insurance at end — Anderson, Elm Walter B. KUne (1965), Post 77, Strasburg, St., Alexandria, of year in which 75th birthday occurs. For Minn. Va. 246th Coast Art'y— (Sept.) calendar year 1966 there was a 15 "across the Ray E. Cross, 1209 '7o R. T. Whitney (1965), Post 83, Mathews, Va. Kerns Ave. S.W., Roanoke, Va. 24015 board" increase in benefits to all participants Jacob Haun and Edwin Hoffman and Floyd 252nd Field Art'y in the group insurance plan. Available in half Bn— (Sept.) Harvey Ehnert, Hough and Charles W. Kibler (all 1964), Post 17 E. Water St., Kiel, Wis. and full units at flat rate of $12 or $24 a year 199, Woodstock, Va. 274th Arm'd Field Art'y (July) on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during Bn— Edward Gilbert H. Knoshaug (1966), Post 58, Monroe, Nadzan, 17409 Schenely Ave., Cleveland, first year at $1 or $2 a month for insurance Wash. Ohio 44119 approved after Jan. 1. Underwritten by two Marshal Carlson and Halvor Stensland (both 306th Field Sig Bn (Sept.) C. commercial life insurance companies, Ameri- (WWl)— Norman 1965), Post 161, Redmond, Wash. can Legion Insurance Trust Fund managed by Schlegel, Sr., 360 Rockingham St., Rochester, N.Y. 14620 trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. Life Memberships are accepted for publica- 308th Eng (Aug.) Leo C. 49 No other insurance may use the full words (WWl)— Brown, tion only on an official form, which we provide. Drury St., Dayton, Ohio 45403 "American Legion." Administered by The Reports received only from Commander, Ad- American Legion Insurance Department, P. O. 309th Eng (WWl)— (Sept.) George Stoner, P.O. jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded Box 338, Manchester, Tenn. 37355 Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680, to which write the life membership. 311th Field Art'y, (Aug.) Phil for more details. Bat D (WWl)— They may get form by sending stamped, self- Cusick, 710 Ingham St., Freeland, Pa. 18224 addressed return envelope to: 314th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (July) Neal L. Holtz, "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 4126 N. Olcott Ave., Chicago, 111. 60634 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. 329th Inf, Co H (WWl)— (Sept.) W. C. Mote, On a corner of the return envelope write the 117, Laura, The award of a life membership to a Legion- Box Ohio. number of names you wish to report. No written 339th Field Art'y, Bat (Sept.) B. F. Miller. is those D— naire by his Post a testimonial by who letter necessary to get forms. know him best that he has served The Ameri- Rt. 3 Box 195, Osceola, Iowa. 342nd Inf, can Legion well. Hq Co (WWl)— (Sept.) Jack Stien- ecker, 111. Below are listed some of the previously un- 616 Maple Ave., Belvidere, 61008 351st Inf (Sept.) Henry J. published life membership Post awards that MG Co (WWl)— Reinders, Mallard, Iowa have been reported to the editors. They are OUTFIT REUNIONS 50562 arranged by States or Departments. 376th & 400th Port Bns— (Sept.) Welton M. Reunion will be held in month indicated. For Smith, 6920 S. Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111. Turner L. Pittman and W. C. Starliey and particulars, write person whose address is 60637 A. W. Stewart and Maxwell O. Tidwell and Ed- given. 479th Ord Evac Co— (Sept.) Harry Van Dyke. St.. St. ward Zirbel (all 1957), Post 49, Athens, Ala. Notices accepted on official form only. For 225 Market Marys. Pa. A. M. Verfurth (1963) and Ford A. Chatters form send stamped, addressed return envelope 503rd MP Bn, Co C— (Aug.) Archie W. Smith. Mich. (1965), Post 128, Lindsay, Calif. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 18337 Glastonbury Rd., Detroit 19, Joseph V. Picinich (1965), Post 179, San An- 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices 593rd, 594th, 595th Ambulance Cos (WW2)— selmo, Calif. should be received at least five months before (July) Edw. F. Brennan, 1708 Mound Rd., Charles M. Meech and John P. Silva and Jo- scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary Jacksonville, 111. E. seph S. Smith (all 1965), Post 255, National City, to get form. 607th Ord Bn— (Sept.) G. R. Travers. 1505 Calif. Earliest submission favored when volume of 24th St., Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Howard L. Smith and Fred A. Storey and requests is too great to print all. 613th Ord Base Arm Maint Bn— (Sept.) Paul Clayton Thompson and John Vilelle and Elmer W. Mell 1446 Schuylkill Ave., Reading, Pa. 705th Tank Dest (Aug.) Ray S. Buch. B. Whitson (all 1965), Post 291, Newport Beach ARMY Bn— Calif. P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 Al R. Tomson and James O. Walker (both 1st Inf. Div, Hq Bat— (Sept.) Bascome Kirk, 59 713th Flame Throwing Tank Bn— (Aug.) Ray 1963) and Harold F. Bergan (1964) and John B. S. Garefield St., Dayton 3, Ohio. S. Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 Hanson (1965), Post 342, Los Angeles, Calif. 1st Medical Reg't (WW2)— (Aug.) Joseph J. 724th Ord, LM Co— (Aug.) B. Thomas, 409 N. James M. Udall (1966), Post 350, Los Angeles, Michael, 4536 6th St. N.E., Minneapolis, Minn. 2nd St., Wakeeney, Kans. Calif. 3rd Inf Reg't— (Sept.) John N. Lillie, 4007 40th 752nd Tank Bn (East)— (Sept.) Sy Canton, 8 Charles P. ChiparelU (1966), Post 36, Windsor Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn. 55406 Farrell St., Long Beach, N.Y. Locks, Conn. 5th Combat Eng Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) Edmund 778th Tank Bn— (Aug.) Ray S. Buch, P.O. Box Earl A. Rathbun (1966), Post 3, Glen Ellyn, B. Podczoski, R.D. 2, Westminister Rd., 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 111. Wilkes Barre, Pa. 18702 991st Sig Port Serv Co— (Sept.) R. L. Lenhart, William Weber and Jacob Wesalo and Wil- 5th Div, 5th Medical Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) R. E. 44 Nassau St., Princeton, N.J. 08540 liam Wolan and Walter Zich (all 1966), Post 419, Carlson, 1137 Kay Pkwy, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1256th Combat Eng Bn— (Aug.) James O. Con- Ind. 46806 Chicago, 111. 5th Evac Hosp— (Sept.) Gordon L. Forsyth, 416 rad, 6212 Mayfair Rd., Fort Wayne, Clifford T. Simmers and Howard M. Summers Depot St., Rockmart, Ga. 1922nd Ord Ammo Co, Avn— (Sept.) Stanley L. (both 1964) and Walter W. Holmes and Leo L. 9th Cav— (July) Adjutant, 5th Sqdn, 9th Cav, Miechowicz, 556 Rowley Rd., Depew, N.Y. Kritz (both 1965), Post 1, Spencer, Iowa. Fort Ord, Calif. 93941 3478th Ord Med Maint Co— (Sept.) George Kenneth Reed (1966), Post 3, Ottumwa, Iowa. 14th Arm'd Div— (July) Dennis C. White, 343 E. Fien, 211 Grandview, Buffalo 23, N.Y. Lawrence Magoon (1966), Post 247, Tyngs- Gorgas La., Philadelphia 19, Pa. boro, Mass. 16th Eng Reg't (WWl)— (Sept.) Alfred R. NAVY Marshall Jefters and Elmont B. Tobey (both Hawkins, 13531 Indiana Ave., Detroit, Mich. 56th Seabees— (Sept.) William Rosevally. Jr., 1965), Post 262, Mashpee, Mass. 32nd Div— (Sept.) Edward T. Lauer, Sr., 8035 Orleans, La. Albert Goldman and Rev. Gerard Leo Mc- Stickney Ave., Wauwatosa, Wis. 53213 8811 Belfast St., New 60th Seabees— (Sept.) Melvin Doll, 9791 Man- Laughlin (both 1965), Post 270, Boston, Mass. 35th Div— (Sept.) Raymond G. Vaughn, P.O. Cincinnati, Ohio 45239 Fred O. Schultze (1966), Post 140, Detroit, Box 4022, Topeka, Kansas 66604 hatten, Mich. 36th Inf Div (New York Chapter)— (Sept.) 82nd Seabees & 519th CBMU— (Sept.) W. F. 339 State St., Albany, N.Y. Frank G. Giudici, Sr. (1965), Post 151, Kan- Hans E. Schlotthauer, 1879 Greene Ave., Johnson, (Aug.) C. sas City, Mo. Ridgewood, N.Y. 11237 Great Lakes NT Sta, Co 17 (1939)— W. Minard, 2221 E. Ridgeway. Waterloo. Iowa Robert I. Stoesser (1965), Post 97, Wood- 48th Eng (ETC)— (Sept.) Charles Hanus, 4810 561— (Aug.) Connie Mulherin. Ridge. N.J. S. Kolin Ave., Chicago, 111. 60632 USS LCI (G) Dr., Clarks Summit, Pa. 18411 Asa Erickson (1965), Post 177, Old Bridge, 50th Combat Eng, Co C— (Aug.) Delbert C. 128 Beverly N.J. Butler, Lakenan, Mo. 63449 USS Mount Vernon (WWl)— (Sept.) William J. St., West Medford, Mass. Joseph Zaiinsky (1964) and Harold E. Mc- 51st Inf— (Sept.) Otto Rauch, 186 Adams St., McKee, 22 Wolcott Gorvin, Sr. and Frank O. Schwarz (both 1965), Delmar, N.Y. 12054 USS Pensacola (CA-24), Marine Detach (WW2) Davis, 2105 Crescent Dr.. Post 435, Edison, N.J. 54th Ammo Train (WWl)— (Sept.) Rev. Oscar — (Sept.) John R. James E. McCabe (1946) and Samuel Symons Bohman, Dixon, Iowa 52745. Minot, N. Dak. 58701 (1950) and Carlton M. Burr (1957) and James 54th Inf, Minnesota Chapter (WWl)— (Sept.) J. O'Connor (1959) and Fred L. Warburton L. H. King, 3947 Snelling Ave., Minneapolis, AIR (1963), Post 127, Brooklyn, N.Y. Minn. 55406 281st, 282nd Aero Sqdns (WWl)— (Sept.) Nor- Harry Philipp Mortar P. (1965), Post 263, New York, 91st Chem Co Mtz— (Sept.) Peter bert Jenkins, 158 Hawthorn Dr., Painsville, N.Y. Patrias, 5237 Mayview Dr., Minneapolis, Ohio 44077 Melvin Sachs (1965), Post Minn. 500, Brooklyn, 371st Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Sept.) T. W. Bryan, N.Y. 98th Chem Composite Co (July) Earl Wick- — Box 192, Bowman, Calif. 95707 Charles W. Cross Gorden man, 516 Virginia, Aima, and Genor (both Mich. 485th Bomb Gp— (Aug.) William H. Schoultz, 1965) , Post 694, Northport, N.Y. 104th Inf (Sept.) Joseph G. Kazmierski, Div— 532 Park Ave., Newton Falls, Ohio 44444 Robert H. Brown and Herman G. Rose (both 1022 N. Menard Ave., Chicago. 111. 60651 Balloon Corps Vets— (Sept.) Kenneth R. Wor- 1966) , Post 907, Candor, N.Y. 110th Eng (Sept.) Geo. T. Raddant, 7 (WWl)— ley, 424 La France Ave., Alhambra, Calif. Joseph Klapper and Murray Nettler and Jesse W. 19th St., Kansas City, Mo. 64108 Pregosin and Irving L. Schloss and Harry Siegel 123rd Inf. Co E (WW2)— (Sept.) Rate Reese, (all 1965), Post 1124, Bronx. N.Y. 12971 Ridge Rd. Rt. 2, Milan, Mich. 48160 MISCELLANEOUS Walter C. Blanchard (1964) and Merrill Cof- 132nd Inf, Service Co (WW2)— (Sept.) Joe 583rd Sig Air Warning Bn, Co A— (Sept.) Harry skey and George McLaughlin and John Picard Maubach, Saunemin, 111. J. McMurray, 511 Wilson, Tama, Iowa 52339 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 —

THE ORGANiZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT there's plenty of room for legally charg- (Continued from page 10) ing more than the "usury rate" on many types of loans. the "actual charges cannot be ascer- accounts on which you only pay a frac- It is a fact that small, short-term, un- tained." Only if the period of payments tion of your charges each month, letting secured credit can hardly be granted at on the whole loan falls entirely within a the balance ride for a "small monthly 6% in the United States today except at tax year can you easily figure how much service charge." a loss to the lender. The fixed costs of interest you paid during that year. If Store representatives armed Sen. Ben- granting it require charges in the vague you have, say, an auto loan calling for nett with the information that it would area of somewhere between 9% and $76.80 over 36 months, you can crack be impossible to comply with the provi- 20%. Heavily secured bank demand your skull trying to figure—and prove sions of the bill requiring them to tell notes can still be had in the neighborhood their customers in advance how much of 6%, but the security and the "de- their credit would cost in dollars. The mand" features protect the banks and customers would first have to tell them aren't found in most consumer credit. how much they intended to buy in future We have seen that unsecured bank loans months. disguised at 4% to 5% actually come to Sen. Bennett clobbered Sen. When 9% or more. The credit unions' half-cen- with this, Douglas admitted to Douglas tury rate of 12% on small loans gives a technical error and had the bill revised another general idea of what's accepta- so that the impending dollar cost of ble. credit need not be stated on revolving ac- Administrative costs vary with differ- counts. But he didn't let up on the re- ent types of credit. Risks vary with differ- quirement that the "service charge" be ent types of customers and difl'erent de- expressed in terms of a simple annual in- grees of security. So there will never be terest rate. a single "fair" interest rate on all short- The stores don't like this a bit. They term consumer credit. But today, accord- generally couch their "service charge" in ing to the Douglas camp, nobody knows

monthly percentages. Perhaps the com- what's a fair rate for any form of it. Cus-

monest rate is 1 Vi % per month—which tomer ignorance perpetuated by lender is 18% per year. (But some are reported semantics has kept consumer credit cost

to run as high as 3% per month, which from finding its true competitive level. is 36% per year, and some do business at A former Sears Roebuck executive 1% per month, or 12% per year.) testified in favor of the Truth in Lending The public, say the merchants, would Bill in his present capacity as a Govern-

think 1 a year to be outrageous, ment executive. told the committee "I tried to turn the other cheek but he 8% when He knocked the heaven out of me!" in fact it isn't. An old notion handed that 1 8% a year is about right for revolv- down from the Middle Ages still prevails ing charge accounts, based on his experi- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE to the effect that any interest rate higher ence with the cost of administering such than 6% is usury, and a crime. Usury is accounts with Sears. As a guy who knows how much of the 1 2 payments you made actually fixed by state law, it is usually the merchants' side, yet is for the bill, last year was credit charges. Since the higher than 6%, and most state laws are that sounds like frank testimony. The interest rate is probably in the range of so selective in what they control that {Continued on page 42) 14% if the lender is a reputable one, a strict application of the Internal Revenue ruling would deny you more than half the interest you actually paid as a tax deduction. We put this example to one of Sen. Douglas' aides. He phoned his tax man and said that it would be all right to figure the credit charges over the full 36 months and deduct l/36th of them for each monthly payment made in any tax year. That answer was too informal to pass along to you as an official rule. It does not conform to the regulation, nor is it right, mathematically. The point is that as long as the actual facts are with- held from the borrower by the lender there isn't any right rule that Internal Revenue can apply. Not even the Truth in Lending Bill would require lenders to report yearly credit charge payments to borrowers or give them any other help in figuring interest paid in any tax year, so

it wouldn't remedy this costly situation for borrowers that benefits lenders not a bit. "In other words—you want a one-payment-per-month-bill-consolldating-loan to pay In an early version of his bill, Sen. off all your other one-payment-per-month-bill-consolidating-loans." Douglas ran into a difficulty with revolving charge accounts. These are the store THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 41 THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT (Continued from page 41) same witness gave a quick answer to Sen. Bennett's claim tiiat the bill wouldn't keep exorbitant merchants from taking the public in. They could hold their admitted credit costs down by raising the prices of their goods, said Sen. Bennett. The former Sears man said he'd love to open a competing store right next door to the fellow who raises his prices in order to conceal credit costs. He'd run him out of business, he implied. Of course the exact opposite happens today. Ample testimony indicated that, especially in the used car business, some competing merchants underprice their goods, knowing they'll more than make up for the low list price with fancy credit charges. Lot A and Lot B have equivalent used Chevvies. Lot A's are priced $100 less than Lot B's. The customers flock to Lot A for the bargain used Chevvies. After they've signed on the dotted line, if ever, they learn that in total they'd have done better to have taken Lot B's THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE at $100 more, because Lot B's credit costs are more than $100 less. tacked on for loan insurance sometimes it with the charges to be represented in have no bearing on the actual cost of their statement of the annual rate their YOU BUY collision IF insurance as a re- loan insurance, and represent one more customer is paying for credit. quired extra in buying a car on time, area where the customer, having no ac- Even in the area of buying collision that would not be a credit extra. It would cess to the facts, may be charged any- insurance through an auto finance com- be a separate sale. But any loan insur- thing that the traffic and his ignorance pany, there is room for milking an inno- ance, in the view of members of Sen. will bear. The Truth in Lending Bill cent if he also borrows the cost of the Douglas' stafi", is a credit extra which would not require lenders to correctly insurance. A representative of one lead- should be embraced in any statement of state the cost of their loan insurance, but ing company offered a friend of ours a what you are being charged for credit. it would require them to include what- loan, added to his auto loan, to cover It is protection for the lender. It was ever they charge for it under the single three years' collision insurance first to brought out in the hearings that extras heading of "finance charges" and lump be taken out in 1964, at an annual rate of close to 14%. It took some inquiry to discover he would pay the company interest on the 1966 insurance for two years before the company put up the money, and on the 1965 insurance for

one year before it did so. The customer would start paying back the borrowed insurance premiums for all three years (at interest) in 1964, but the finance company wouldn't pay the 1965 and 1966 premiums until they came due in those years. This, of course, adds up to paying a pretty fair rate of interest for nothing

at all. Sen. Douglas' bill would not protect borrowers less wary than our friend from signing for such a loan without un-

derstanding it.

THE SUBJECT of charges for loan ONinsurance, Mrs. Martha O'Neil, appearing on behalf of the Massachusetts Attorney General's Advisory Consumer Council, cited the case of a man who was charged for loan insurance on an auto loan at the rate of $68 per year per $1,000. Such insurance can be bought for $8.80 a year, per $1,000, she said. Therefore the bulk of what he paid for insurance represented "a large profit for -

someone." It was about 700% over- Douglas answered to the effect that charge. the enforcing agency could very well let Sen. Bennett kept coming back to the them forget all that and just have them revolving charge accounts even after tell the customers what the monthly rate If you've got Sen. Douglas had amended the bill. As a comes to as a yearly rate. matter of fact, he said, the stores can't But sometimes it's less than that, when Field & Stream in even state the annual interest rate cor- you figure it all in, including the free rectly. ride during the month of purchase, says your pipe and don't It's too complex, he said. If the cus- Bennett. Should a law require them to tomer pays his bill early in the month, say they charge more than they do? the rate figures one way. If he pays it notice the aroma of late, it figures another way. He has held UNTIL THE President supported the the store's money longer for the same bill, the Federal Reserve regularly a great autumn day, "service charge" and gotten cheaper testified that it didn't want to be the credit. A customer who makes his orig- agency to enforce it if it becomes law. It inal purchase on the 20th of the month controls money, not truth, its witnesses

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE MARTINS FLAGS pays a higher rate than if he's made it on said. This subject on one occasion led to DISPLAYS FOR ORGANIZATIONS- the 3rd, because he gets a shorter free the following altercation between Sena- TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS ride on the store's money. The stores can't tors Douglas and Bennett: Prompt shipment. Ask for our possibly stop everything they are doing Sen. Bennett suggested the possibility colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 64A and figure the exact annual interest rate that the Federal Trade Commission MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA paid by each customer, said Bennett. might be found to be the proper agency. He regaled the hearings with the case In that case, he said, the Senate commit- of a customer who buys one item early tee that handles FTC matters ought to WE'LL AIRMAIL YOU in the month, returns it for a credit slip handle the bill in the first place. later, makes other purchases at different Douglas: "I anticipated this would be up to $1,35000 dates. Exactly what interest did he finally the move of the Senator from Utah."

, No interviews or endorsers. Even the person pay based on the exact amount of time Bennett: "This is not the 'move.' I am who cashes your check wont know it's a loan. he had held the store's money, asked Ben- just raising the question. I am not offer- nett. Nobody could figure it. ing any motion to transfer [the bill]."

Forget all that, said Douglas. The Douglas: "This is a rumbUng of the You get Mo. Pmt. # Pmts. stores charge interest only on the unpaid portent of the shape of things to come. I WUP TO $ 252.38 $14 24 balance left over from the previous know the Senator from Utah will be des- 3 YEARS $ 708.16 $31 30 month. Everybody gets a free ride during perately anxious to get this out from un- TO REPAY $1,138.02 $42 35 the month of purchase. The stores have derneath the jurisdiction of this [Bank- Insurance available to qualified borrowers. no trouble fixing the charge on the old ing and Currency] committee, because unpaid balance at so much per month. he knows there will be a good chance it TRANS-CON FINANCE CORPORATION p. 0. Box 2393 Fort Let them express it at an annual rate in- will be reported out by the full commit- Worth, Texas 76101 LGN-7-G Name stead of a monthly rate. Nothing to it. tee. He hopes to leave the infant exposed Address The law is the law, answered Bennett. to the tender mercies of the Senate Com- City . State If you pass this biU they can't forget all merce Committee and the House Com- Occupation. - Age- that. {Continued on page 44) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 43 THE ORGANIZED CONFUSION OF EASY CREDIT places his faith in the enforcement (Continued from page 43) agency to see that the terms of enforcement wouldn't heap impossible or costly mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com- gages, U.S. consumer debt is now 70 bil- burdens on lenders or merchants. Sen. merce, where he hopes it would perish lion dollars, and the interest on it ex- Bennett, on the other hand, has made it of starvation and death." ceeds 10 billion dollars a year. Within plain that he feels that too many busi- Bennett denied any intent to move the this huge field is a considerable segment nessmen are already doing too much pa- bill. And to date he has made no such of outright abuse, largely attributable to perwork for the Government to permit motion. the combination of the temptation of him to share that faith. Congresswoman Leonor K. SulUvan easy credit and the concealment of its Apparently the bill would pass if the (Mo.), a supporter of the bill and chair- cost in a semantic cloud. According to interest-rate requirement were man of the committee that would handle the Douglas camp the Good Guys will with- drawn. With the two camps at logger- it if it passes the Senate and comes into profit and the Bad Guys will suffer if all heads on that point, the Truth in Lending the House, likens the worst aspects of must tell the simple truth. According to Bill now looks forward to its seventh year credit abuses to dope peddlers pushing the Bennett camp the Good Guys will be in the Senate Banking heroin on addicts. The borrowing public burdened with unnecessary technicali- and Currency Committee. the end includes what she calls "credit addicts." ties, while the Bad Guys will still find Unarmed and without the slightest ways to take their victims in if the bill knowledge what credit is passes. of costing them, HOW WE'RE PRACTICING she says, they continue to use credit un- Sen. Bennett has often reiterated his TO PUT A MAN ON THE MOON til they are so badly extended that per- lack of objection to requiring lenders to (Continued from page 21) sonal bankruptcy awaits them. state the full dollars and cents cost of Says she: "The credit addict would finance charges (except in cases where, craft in rough water. There is classroom never reach his sorry state of the piling as with revolving charge accounts, that instruction in geology, computer technol- up of debt upon debt if there were not is impossible.) ogy and many other fields. It's not un- so many merchants and lending institu- But he adamantly opposes a legal re- usual for an astronaut to be out of town tions willing to tempt him and play along quirement to state those charges as an about 250 days a year. No one has ever with him, contributing to his addiction, annual interest rate, on the grounds that taken the authorized 30-day annual in the knowledge that a garnishment or the complexity of reporting would place leave. They are now preparing for the a suit in a magistrate's court will get the an unjust burden on lenders and mer- first manned earth orbital tryout of the money back plus a usurious interest rate chants. Apollo ship late this year. besides." Sen. Douglas as adamantly insists that To the astronauts and others at MSC, The familiar ads of lenders to lend you the interest rates can and should be the reasons for going to the moon are money to get out of debt (!) demon- stated. Their complexity is^ quite real in clear. They don't share some critics' strates that the lending business itself rec- the field of pure mathematics, he feels, view that a trip to the moon would pro- ognizes that the debt-ridden now num- but in the business world, where it is duce nothing more than "two weeks of ber so many that they are a new, prime, standard practice to round off unman- headlines." Instead, they see the first national consumer group. ageable numbers, the complexity is too trip opening perhaps the most exciting In the last 20 years, long-term con- often a shield to conceal the meaning of chapter in the history of exploration. sumer credit has increased 943%; short credit costs from those who foot the bill, They think the moon could become not and intermediate term consumer debt has while the lenders know exactly what only a launching platform for man's gone up 1,247%. Exclusive of mort- they're doing, complexity or no. He journeys to the planets but that it could also turn out to be a cosmic Rosetta Stone, that celebrated slab of basalt that provided the key to decipherment of the monuments of Egypt. Just as the in- scriptions on that archaeological treasure in hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek yielded the secrets of ancient Egypt, so may the moon yield the secrets of its own and the earth's origin. On the moon's pristine, airless surface should be inscribed the geologic record of ages past. Naturally, the men at MSC would like their country to be first in reaching this prize, especially since the Soviet Union presents to the public its space "firsts" as "victories" of Communism over the free world. In any event, the men in Houston are so certain that a journey to the moon is near that they soon will begin construction of a Lunar Sample Receiving Lab- oratory, where moonships and moonmen will be quarantined for at least two weeks. From that building, too, will go to universities and scientific laboratories "He's been hanging around for a week, but I thought he was interested in me." precious samples of lunar soil, to reveal perhaps the story of the moon's, and the THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE earth's, birth. the end

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 TRADE WITH COMMUNISTS? DATELINE BREAK FOR LITTLE TAXPAYER. POVERTY WAR GOES SOUTHWEST. WASHINGTON

President Johnson has asked Congress for authority PEOPLE AND QUOTES: most-favored- to trade with the Communist bloc on a NEW PROBLEMS nation basis . . .His argument is that this law is "The economic and techno- needed at the very time the United States is battling logical triumphs of the past few Red aggression in Vietnam "in order to carry forward years have not solved as many the balanced strategy for peace." Lifting the trade problems as we thought they ban on the iron-curtain countries is also needed, it is would, and, in fact, have asserted, "to play our needed part with the NATO brought us new problems we nations in reducing tensions and establishing normal did not foresee." Henry Ford 11. and lasting peaceful relations between the West and East in Europe." RED CHINA ". This peace-through-trade gesture would specifically . . It is neither mysterious exclude Red China, North Korea, North Vietnam, East nor enigmatic. . . it is a group fanatics Germany . . . and Castro Cuba. of dedicated to war as However, it is unlikely that given the chance. an instrument of international Congress—which has barred U.S. aid to any nation trad- policy and determined to coming with North Vietnam—would buy this latest twist. munize the world through And Chairman Wilbur D. Mills, of Arkansas, says his terror and violence." Liu Chieh, House Ways and Means Committee is too busy to consider Free China's Ambassador to the carrot-and-stick policy this year. UN. "YOU GOT TO CARE" A break for the little taxpayer is in the offing "Man, you've got to cai'e. Be-

. . . Some Senators want to create 20 Small Tax lieve it or not, you got to care ." Commissioners to serve as a "friend in tax court" . . Pfc. Milton Lee Olive III, for the bewildered citizen snagged in the 1,100-page Chicago, who earned Medal of intricacies of the Internal Revenue Code. Honor and lost his life in Viet- The legislators would set up a system of free legal nam. assistance in the tax courts for citizens who have been NATO SUCCESS assessed a deficiency of less than $2,500 or who claim "The success of NATO has a refund of less than $2,500. The Small Tax Commis- been measured by many yard- sioner, when called upon, would go to bat for the sticks. The most significant to of little taxpayer against the giant bureaucracy the me is the obvious: War has Internal Revenue Service. been deterred." President More than 3 million income tax returns —5% of the Johnson. total filed in 1965—were subjected to IRS scrutiny. "These examinations," charges Sen. Edward V. Long CUBA'S CASTRO (D-Mo.), "take months, and in the end, the taxpayers' "I hate the Americans be- are harassed, annoyed, threatened, and often may pay cause they are so stupid and hundreds of dollars to a lawyer to protect not only because they believe us to be their constitutional right, but also to explain the vast even more stupid." Fidel Casr complexities of our tax laws." tro. READY FOR WORST ". With loudly-proclaimed campaigns initiated— if not . . We cannot be sure what yet well under way— in the big urban centers and along Peiping intends to do. We do the so-called Appalachia belt of Eastern U.S.A., the not expect the worst but we war on poverty is now looking to the Southwest. must be prepared for it." Sec'y In Congress, voices led by Rep. Henry B. Gonzalez of State Dean Rusk.

(D-Tex. ) are being raised to bring nationwide atten- MORE AWARE ". tion to the plight of some forgotten 8 million Americans . . Most generations of man living in poverty in a thousand-mile region reaching since the beginning have been from East and South Texas through New Mexico, Arizona, faced with overwhelming prob- Colorado and Southern California. lems. What distinguishes us Although the people of these five states comprise from earlier generations is that about one-sixth of the U.S. population, they embrace we are far more awai'e of our one-fourth of the nation's poor, with family incomes of problems and far less fatalistic less than |3,000 per year, according to Representative about them." HEW Sec'y John Gonzalez. W. Gardner.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 45 In its pockets you can store soap, tooth LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS paste, brushes, safety pins, eye glasses, matches and a hundred other items that are most apt to get lost.

Beach Buggy Fishing FEDERAL DUCK STAMPS—save them, advises Robert Dalton of Long Island City, N.Y. And check your old hunting permits, also those of your friends. The stamps have SHOULD YOU TAKE a trip to the seashore ing the day, fish deep, but sound is neces- been issued yearly since '34. Early ones are this summer and visit one of the more sary. Bounce the lure off the bottom so it valued up to $7 each by stamp dealers. Even remote beaches not restricted solely to bath- makes a noise. You'll snag and lose lures, recent ones are $1. A complete set of 32 ers, don't be surprised to see strange ve- but you'll catch walleyes. used ones sells for $350, $500 unused. hicles with huge rubber tires careening across the sand almost at the edge of the WHEN YOUR BOOTS get wet inside, the SHOULDER STRAPS, such as those used surf. And if they seem to be trying to keep fastest way to dry them out is to use your for carrying a camera, rifle, binoculars, pace with a flock of sea birds flying just wife's hair dryer, writes Roland Rousseau tackle bag or camp kit, have an annoying beyond the breakers, it won't be an halluci- of Newmarket. N.H. Take off boots, remove habit of slipping off your shoulder as you nation. clue to this apparent The madness the bonnet the dryer's hose, insert from the walk. Prevent it by sewing a large button is one or more long fishing rods on racks hose in the boot, turn the selector to "hot" on the shoulder of your jacket or shirt, on top of the cars. They are simply "beach and the boot will dry in five minutes. writes Monty Townsend of Bunkie, La. The

buggies," one of the latest , innovations of strap will catch behind it and won't slip. mechanized angling. And they really are VACATION HOME, by Outboard following the birds, because when the birds NEW Marine Corp., is the "Hideout" 10x14 WHEN BIG FISH are near the bottom of a stop to pick up food from the water's sur- — feet, made of aluminum, fiberglass and ply- lake or pond, it's often difficult to get a face, it means that below them are striped wood, and light enough to be transported worm or live bait to them because smaller, bass or bluefish feeding on small fish and from one place to another. It has a sliding active fish at higher levels grab it first. But crabs churned up in the surf's undertow. glass door and contains its own cooking, Tom Warke of Catasauqua, Pa., says he's The purpose of the beach buggy is to carry the surfcasting angler to where the fish are, as quickly and conveniently as possible. Previously he was restricted only to as much beach as he could walk, burdened with heavy waders and tackle. But with the buggy he can cover all the known striper haunts however distant, follow the tides, watch for surface-feeding fish and the tell-

tale birds. No one knows who invented it,

or when, but each season it is appearing in increasing numbers. In choice fishing areas, there are so many that their owners have formed clubs. Several members patrol the beaches and radiotelephone their friends when fish have been located. The buggy can be anything from a home- made body on a Model A Ford chassis to a standard pickup camper. Often an entire The "Hideout"—a transportable aluminum, fiberglass and plywood vacation home. family will spend a vacation in one. Many simply have bunks for napping during night lighting, heating, refrigerating systems, and discovered a way to camouflage it until it fishing. All have large ice boxes for carrying jetliner-type washing and toilet facilities gets deep enough. He simply encases the with holding tanks. Sectional sofa and over- baited in a ball of soft dough. The fish, and also have roof racks for fishing hook sleep the makes it sink rods ready for action. And all are equipped head bunks four adults. Furnished and extra weight of dough a with oversize tires for traction on soft sand, equipped: $3,685. fast. When it reaches the bottom, few usually 820x15 or 900x15 inflated to only tugs help the dough dissolve and the bait it ready for a lunker. 10 or 15 pounds pressure. In fact, with just NEW BOOK titled "Secrets of Striped Bass the substitution of these tires, even your own Fishing" is a good one, covering all aspects car can be a serviceable beach buggy. of finding, catching and cooking this popu- CAN YOU CALL PREDATORS such as 66-page You can even rent a beach buggy for just lar salt-water game fish. You'll prize it if the fox, crow and coyote? A new containing complete instruc- a joy ride. But if you want to use one for you're a striper fan. Written by Milt Rosko; pocket guide fishing, bring along a local angler to teach published by The Macmillan Co. Price: tions by expert caller Ray Weaver, can be for Elec- you how to spot fish. And you'll find there's $5.95. obtained $1 from Wightman tronics, Easton, Md. an added thrill to hunting them instead of P.O. Box 989. wide ocean. just casting blindly into the LIGHTNING IS A HAZARD, besides rough water, when a thunderstorm catches FORGET YOUR FISHING BOBBER? Carry a few colored penny-balloons in your A ROD CASE of plastic or metal will pro- you out on a lake. For protection, writes tackle box. Blow one up apple-size for dim tect your valuable rod from most damage, L. Greene of Massapequa, N.Y., tie your light, golf-ball-size for bright light, and tie but it might cause some too—to the tip fishing rod to the side of your boat, its tip a knot in the neck to keep it inflated. If guide and ferrules when the sections slide skyward and its butt in the water. Although there's a wind, the balloon will drift your back and forth in the case. Pad the ends, made of fiberglass or bamboo, it will serve baited hook farther than you could cast it. advises Ross Okawa of Seattle, Wash. Cut as a lightning rod to divert a possible strike. two disks of foam rubber or felt, glue one and the If you have a helpful idea for this feature to the inside bottom of the case A RIGHT HANDY GADGET for a camp- it we'll pay you inside of the cap. send it in. If we can use other to the ing trip, insists B. E. Nickerson of East $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- Lynn, Mass., is a woman's cloth shoe case, turn, or enter into correspondence concern- CATCHING WALLEYES is simple, say the kind with 12 pockets and hangs on a ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, the experts. They're night feeders, so fish closet door. Attach it to a strong coat The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth the shallows for them after sundown. Dur- hanger and hook it to a tent post or tree. Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 CLEARS AN AREA UP TO 3 ACRES

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THE Af^/IERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 47 THE LIVING LEGEND OF THE DC-3 countries. Indeed, in many parts of the (Continued from page 27) world it is impossible to fly by commercial airliner unless you go by DC-3 aboard, but leaving them none the worse taken lightly. The first Three ever made or one of its copies. for the experience. In a turbulent storm continues to fly for a West Coast lumber After near Phoenix, a Frontier Airlines DC-3 company. The second DC-3 off the as- the war DC-3s glutted the used- plane market. dropped 4,000 feet, scraped a mountain sembly line was at last report going Anyone with a few thousand dollars and lost 12 feet of wing. It landed safely. strong for Ozark Air Lines. and a pilot's license could A bomb exploded aboard a DC-3 fly- Purchased from American Airlines in hop aboard and fly away. Some went for ing across Mexico, ripping open a gas 1950, that plane has been powered by as little as $1,200. Many were sold and turned into tank and tearing large holes in the fuse- more than 50 sets of engines. Ozark has living quarters to help allevi- lage. Miraculously, not a passenger was added bird-resistant windshields, wheel- ate the critical housing shortage. Those injured and the plane landed 45 minutes well doors, better brakes, improved days, alas, are gone forever. later without further incident. Then there navigational gear, seven seats and wing- THE shabbiest will set was the Air Force Three that ran out of to-fuselage fillets. Ozark reckons it is a TODAY, DC-3 you back at least $25,000, and one plushly gas over Missouri in 1957, forcing every- better plane now than when it left the outfitted for one aboard to jump. The empty plane factory, and might fly indefinitely. private use may cost con- siderably more than the original price glided over the horizon where it made a Another oldster was retired last May perfect three-point landing in a corn by North Central Airlines and converted of $110,000. Perhaps the most expensive Threes are those belonging to oil- field. for corporate use. By then it had gone rich sheiks, like decorate There's a military DC-3 (or C-47) in a through 550 main gear tires, 25,000 who to them Swiss glacier. Major Ralph Tate, carry- spark plugs and had burned enough with diamonds, pearls and rubies, pushing the price beyond the reach of anyone but another oil-rich sheik. Demand for the plane hit such dizzy- ing heights that DC-3s were rescued from scrap heaps, lake bottoms and glaciers and put back into service. One returned to the air after being used for years as a chicken coop in Alabama. A Three stranded on a glacier in Iceland was sold by the U.S. Government to Icelandic Airlines for $700. Hardly had

it been dug from the snow than it was resold for $80,000 to a Spanish airline. In 1951, five years after the last DC-3 rolled from the factory, Douglas introduced the Super DC-3. Larger and faster

than the previous version, it was launched with all the razzamatazz of a

Hollywood epic, and it laid an epic egg. The Navy bought 100, but the airlines purchased less than a dozen. It was a

good plane all right, but it wasn't a DC-3. No plane will ever be that again. Today there are about two dozen DC- 3s on military service in Vietnam,

'This is neither the time nor the place for bird calls!" redesignated the AC-47s. They are the THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE only Attack Cargo planes in existence, with gunports along both sides. They ing 12 passengers, was flying blind in gasoline to run a family car 10,000 miles specialize in taking night station over the cloud when he suddenly bellied onto a a year for 12,000 years. North Central Vietnamese countryside, ready to drop snowfield thousands of feet up. The ship estimated that in just taxiing it had flares over any locality where the Viet slid to a harmless halt. Mountaineers traveled 100,000 miles. Cong strike in the dark. Because of their rescued the people but couldn't get the Though production of DC-3s came to flares and the gunfire that they can spit plane out. It is now buried in the glacier, an end just 20 years ago, nearly half of from their sides, the Viet Cong gave and experts predict it will come out the all that were ever made are still flying. them the respectable name of Dragon, bottom into a Swiss valley in about 600 On domestic lines the DC-3 ranks fifth which our men expanded to Puff the years. Mountaineers dug down to it some in total operational aircraft, and there Magic Dragon. One Dragon was called time ago and put a time capsule in it, with are more Threes in use than Electras, off station one night to rescue six clippings explaining how it got there, for Viscounts, Caravelles, Constellations or wounded Vietnamese at a miserable ex- the benefit of the people of the 26th DC-8s. It is, in fact, exceeded only by cuse for an airstrip at Loc Ninh, cut into century. There's another C-47 that's the Boeing 707, the Boeing 727, the deep jungle. In virtually pitch black, the been sitting on a snowfield on Japan's Corvairs and the piston driven DC-6. pilot made an "impossible" landing be- Mt. Fujiyama for year!>. It got there the Seven hundred DC-3s were sent to tween the trees, and an equally "impos- same way the Swiss relic did. The one Russia during the war, where an addi- sible" take-off with his human cargo, passenger came out unscathed, the pilot tional 2,000 were made without benefit amidst sniper fire from the perimeter. sufi'ered a black eye. of royalties and labeled Lissunov-2s. Awarded the Mackay Trophy by AF

Among DC-3 bufi"s there is a saying, They are still an important part of the Chief of Staff Gen. Curtis LeMay, the "You can wreck a Three, but you can't air fleets of Russia, Poland, Czechoslo- pilot—Capt. Warren Tomsett—said wear it out." It is not a statement to be vakia and assorted other Iron Curtain what many other pilots have said in vari-

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 ous ways about the DC-3 for 30 years: While its era as a commercial airliner "It's the airplane that won the trophy. is nearing an end in the United States, We just made it do what it has been it has lost none of its luster as a prestige PaMil capable of doing for so many years. aircraft for executive use. Officers of There isn't a plane in the world that over 300 corporations fly in DC-3s, and could match it." though the larger ones are swinging over hemorrhoids? With the possible exception of Cuban to jets, their surplus Threes are eagerly All too often, humans who sit and stand pay eights and outside loops, it is difficult to snapped up by lesser companies. the price of vertical posture. Sitting and name something a plane can do that a standing combine with the force of gravity to produce extra pressure on veins and tissues DC-3 hasn't done. In England, a Three ELSEWHERE IN the world the DC-3 is in and around the rectal area. The result may once landed on a house, without doing holding its own, and in some coun- be painful, itching or burning hemorrhoids. much damage to either. They have flown tries even gaining a bit. Few of the small The first thought of hemorrhoid sufferers through every kind of weather from trop- foreign airlines can afi'ord new multi- is to relieve their pain and discomfort. How- ever, of the products most often used for ical hurricanes to raging polar blizzards, million dollar jets, so when they wish to hemorrhoids, some contain no pain-killing expand they buy castoff craft of other agent at all . . . others have one too weak to are lines. As often as not the castofi's provide necessary relief . . . and still others DC-3s. Then too, the DC-3 is the only provide only lubrication. Now at last there is a formulation which large plane able to cope with the tiny *°CURE MORE concentrates on pain. It actually has over 8 the fields and jungle airstrips dotting times more pain-killing power than the top- maps of Central America, South Amer- ical anesthetic most commonly used in hem- GIVE MOREt. ica, Africa and Asia. orrhoid remedies. 8 times the power to ease the itching, pain, and burning of hemorrhoids. In January of this year. Colonels Car- The name of this product is Nupercainal. AMERICAN roll V. Glines and Wendell F. Moseley, Nupercainal starts to work on contact. Pro- who cut their eyeteeth on DC-3s nearly vides prolonged relief from pain. Soothes a generation ago, brought out a book and lubricates. CANCER SOCIETY When you suspect you have hemorrhoids, Story of a Fabulous "The DC-3—The check with your doctor. If hemorrhoids are Airplane," published by Lippincott. For the cause of your discomfort, chances are and are as happy on skis and floats as on some of the material in this article we he'll recommend Nupercainal. Nupercainal is available without prescrip- wheels. DC-3s have served as television are indebted to them, and Col. Glines tion at professional pharmacies everywhere. relay stations, celestial observation posts, volunteered even more to the editors on Ask for ointment or new suppositories with airborne laboratories and flying class- learning that this brief account would be free pocket-pack. (Say New-per-cane-all.) rooms. A Minneapolis milling company published. If the reader finds this much has its Three rigged out as a kitchen to to be of interest, he will find Glines' and Nupercainal' test baking recipes at high altitudes. Moseley's 200 pages even more so. Yet, over 8 times more pain-killing power For any aircraft to remain in continu- sadly, they said, they could use but a ous service for 30 years is staggering. fraction of the fabulous stories of the

For it to be still in demand is overwhelm- DC-3 they had collected from fliers all WHAT EVERY VETERAN SHOULD KNOW ing. In commercial use alone, DC-3s over the world. THOUSANDS OF VETERANS ARE NOT CLAIM- ING ALL BENEFITS JUSTLY DUE THEM... ARE have hauled 700 million people more Meanwhile the DC-3 flies on and on, YOU ONE OF THEM? Il's easy lo find oul in this 300-page book which tells how to file cloims; than 7 billion miles. What the record its Pratt and Whitneys roaring over rice cleorly explains latest bills passed by Congress, rights, benefits and privileges due you. will be when the last of the line makes paddies, wheat fields and rain forests. countless This book is of utmost value to all veterans and its final approach no one is prepared to There are those who think the gallant their survivors. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. VETERANS INFORMATION SERVICE estimate, since that day is sufficiently old girl might just be around to celebrate GEORGE D. SPILMAN, OWNER distant to defy prediction. her golden jubilee. the end P.O. BOX ni • EAST MOLINE, ILL. 61244 LEARN jg|MEAT C UTTIN HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS? quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security If in the vital meat business. Big pay. you have changed your address recently or will be moving the near Jobs—HAVE A PROFIT AHl.B MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after future, you should notify this magazine at once. Also be sure to notify your graduation. Diploma given. Job help. ^ Thousands of successful graduates. Our Post Adjutant. Fill in the blank below and mail to: Circulation Department, 43i

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50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 —

THE U.S. WARTIME SHIPPING SICKNESS American living standards. Foreign (Continued from page 15) operators, with labor and maintenance costs well below those of American Hanoi government. Longshoremen in more than the Government spends today competitors, can underbid an American New York even went so far as to refuse on all its military personnel. company every time. Our subsidy pro- to unload the Cunard Liner Queen Eliza- Determined not to repeat the mistakes gram, enacted in 1936, was designed to beth as a protest against British shipping of the past, the Government in 1946 combat this problem by paying ship supplying the Viet Cong. (No Cunard ordered the sale of the best ships to operators engaged in scheduled passen- ships are engaged in shipping to Hanoi, operators who presumably would make ger and cargo service a subsidy equal however). The ILA has suggested that them available to the United States in to the difference in these labor and main- the United States should go even further case of national need. The remaining tenance costs. The operator is not as- than Senator Bayh proposes and deny 2,000 were put in mothballs. Some of sured a profit under the program; but port facilities to any ship flying the flag these ships were broken out during the if he makes more than 10% on his in- of a nation trading with North Vietnam. Korean War at a cost of $100,000 per vestment, he must split the excess with ship. Some C-3's and C-4's were sold last the Government. It is this program MANAGEMENT groups such as the summer for scrap. And since mid- 1965, which is responsible for the building of American Merchant Marine Insti- some have been broken out for service 449 modern ships since the end of WW2. tute and the Committee of American to Vietnam—at a cost per ship of $400,- Of these, 18 are considered automated Steamship Lines generally support the 000. What the Government gets for its (13 fully automated), while plans are Bayh bill—but the more militant labor $400,000, maritime men say, is not a under way eventually to modernize 100 leaders accuse them of chickening out on ship that's four times as good as it would an all-out boycott. "They're afraid foreign more. While the unions and management agree that governments might take reprisals which the results of the program are could cost them money," one labor inadequate, they are better, they feel, representative said. "Just as American than the industry could have done with- dockers could refuse to unload a British out Government help. or French vessel, so the British or French The subsidies are designed to encour- might retaliate. Or a particular line might age American shippers of goods to use have trouble getting clearance through American vessels by removing the price the Panama Canal. Or there's the matter differential. This means jobs for Ameri- of dock space. In most busy ports, you can seamen and business for American have to wait for a pier or a pilot or some- shipyards, which must be used to repair thing. If they want to be nasty about it, subsidized ships. As American shipping they can keep you waiting forever." has declined, so has American shipbuild- How did we get into the present posi- ing. Like many other occupations, ship- tion? The truth about the American mer- building requires a certain number of chant marine is that it's a sick industry skilled, trained, experienced men. As the getting sicker—and this sickness could number of men employed in shipyards result in national disaster in the event shrank from 1.78 million down to of all-out war. The problem isn't new. today's 216,000, workers got jobs in The United States found itself in a ship- factories, retired or went into business ping crisis during WWl which it at- for themselves. At the same time, no tempted to solve in 1917 by launching a newcomers took their place. The result crash program to build hundreds of new "What did yah bring me, Dad?!" is that our skilled shipbuilding force ships to transport grows older every year and shrinks at men and materiel. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE When the Armistice was signed in 1918, the same time—a problem which Sun most of the ships had yet to be com- have been for $100,000 in 1951, but one Shipbuilding Company found out when pleted. As they were, they were stock- that's 15 years older. it hung out the help wanted sign in piled, to rot away without being used. Within three years of the end of Philadelphia early this year. In 1921, the American Legion created WW2, the pattern of WWl had begun its Merchant Marine Committee, to press to repeat itself. Donald E. Robinson, ADDING TO THE specific problems of the for a strong, modern merchant fleet writing in The American Legion Maga- _ American merchant marine in Viet- which would keep us ready for any zine in May 1948, reported, "The coun- nam today is the nature of the Saigon har- emergency. Few, if any, other citizens try came out of the last war with 4,800 bor. Although the South Vietnamese capital served a port of call for mer- groups—lacking a direct interest in ship- ships, but more than 1 ,000 of them have has as ping—have taken such pains to be heard been sold or given to foreign nations. chant seamen for 100 years or more, it is, on maritime matters purely in the field Today our merchant fleet numbers only according to Rear Admiral Denys Knoll of national interest and security. One 3,671 vessels and is badly out of balance of MSTS, "unlike the harbors we had in efi'ect of work done by the Legion and with national needs. The most critical Europe in World War II—even the ones other groups was the Merchant Marine shortage is in passenger liners, capable the Germans tried to destroy—and even Act of 1936, which provided, among of conversion to troop transports in an those in Korea." What makes the harbor other things, for direct Government pay- emergency. Just 36 of the 91 American different is that the coastal waters are ments to shipowners both for the opera- passenger liners, with an over-all capa- shallow. Saigon itself lies 20 miles up a tion and building of ships. Even with this city of 8,333, are in operation. Of these, shallow, twisting, narrow stream in forward-looking program, however, both only one, the 5.5. America, can be rated which a ship channel has been dredged. shipping and shipbuilding declined until as a first-class liner." The 5.5. America Ships preparing to dock must work their WW2. today flies the Greek flag. way up-river, unload and work their way Then, once again faced with an emerg- But that in itself doesn't explain how back again to make room for another ency, American shipyards created hun- we got to be a sixth-place maritime ship. Much of the riverbank is in the dreds of new ships virtually overnight power. The root of the trouble has hands of the Viet Cong, who attempted at a cost to the taxpayer of $ 19 billion always been foreign competition and {Continued on page 52)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 51 —

THE U.S. WARTIME SHIPPING SICKNESS can seamen, and profits to ship opera-

(Continued 1 cm page 51) tion. White's line operates principally in the coastal trade, competing against road recently to sink a Panamanian freighter men got ashore by hitching rides on and rail transportation rather than in tiie channel with ground fire. They small boats that came by the Navajo against foreign shippers, but his would have succeeded, too, except for Victory during daylight hours. The rea- some of applied the timely intervention of U.S. helicop- son given for the ban was that the Viet arguments have been to deep-sea transportation. White feels that modern ters and a Navy gunboat. If they had Cong had captured some seamen who ship construction, of the type needed to blocked the channel. Navy men say had made it ashore earlier. On a round American shippers more competi- privately, it would have tied up the har- trip, which threatened to take 120 days make bor completely. or longer, one disgusted member of the tive, is most likely to take place abroad Another problem, ILA president Navajo Victory crew wrote home, "We where costs are lower. The Legion's Thomas (Teddy) Gleason told the have a serious mail problem. There has Merchant Marine Committee doesn't House Merchant Marine Committee fol- not been any mail to the ship for over think his is a solution in the national interest, it serve if lowing a trip to Saigon, is that medieval two months. And there is now a money however well might methods are being used to unload the draw problem, because there is no money shipping were only a business and not a cornerstone of national defense. The ships which can dock at Saigon. The aboard the ship . . . We have been out of port, which now handles 250,000 tons of fresh fruit for over a month and a half. Committee also feels the federal govern- material, could handle as many as 800,- The crew on here is swell and we are try- ment should shoulder some of the finan- 000 if more modern methods were used. ing to bear all of these problems, but we cial responsibility for research and Gleason told the Congressmen that al- hope that something can be done." development leading to new types of though Saigon has plenty of laborers, Much the same hope has been ex- shipping, more modern design and there aren't enough longshoremen work- pressed by the shipping industry gen- automated controls, as well as appro- ing on the ships. In some cases, he said, erally. At the moment, some industry priating enough money to enable in- sampans are used to ferry cargoes from figures say, nothing short of a crash pro- dustry and the Government to proceed the holds of ships to the shore. gram can help relieve the strain Vietnam with a faster replacement program. is putting on the nation's shipping. The Besides money, there are a number of GLEASON noted that there are only 1 67 Legion's Merchant Marine Committee other things the Government can pro- dock gangs working for three steve- and the committee's present chairman vide to stimulate the merchant marine. doring companies—about one-third of Henry C. Parke, President of the Marine One is to encourage Government agency the labor force needed. To speed up the Electric Co. in Brooklyn, N.Y., believe personnel, exporters, importers and work, many of the gangs work all day, that long-term planning is necessary not tourists to use the scheduled services of then eat dinner and start again on a night only to remedy the present situation, but U.S. flag ships whenever possible. An- shift. The companies count this as two also to prevent future lashups. other is to use Governmental good offices days' work, although the men are ex- The first step, Parke feels, is effective to maintain labor peace within the in- hausted when they start the second shift. administration of laws already on the dustry. A third would be to require the He said that because of the division of books—full implementation of the pro- Defense Department to transport a rea- responsibility among three companies, it gram of parity payments to ship opera- sonable portion of its military personnel was possible to find eight men unloading tors in the liner service, and effective and dependents as passengers on board the hold of a ship, employed by Com- administration of the 50/50 law, which U.S. flag commercial passenger ships in pany A, while Company B would have requires that a minimum of 50% of car- peacetime. Any artificial thing the Gov- only four men moving its cargo to a goes financed directly or indirectly by ernment can do by law to stimulate lighter—with the result that it would pile the U.S. Government be transported in business for U.S. flag ships softens the up on deck. Gleason and National Mari- American flag ships. MSTS says that need for subsidy. time Union vice president Mel Baristic 100% of its cargoes are being shipped feel that containerization [pre-packaging in American flag ships or vessels char- THE UNIONS suggest closiug the foreign in containers that can be transferred tered by American flag lines. registry loophole. "If all cruise ships readily from ship to rail to road], which Parke feels strongly that one of the which start and end their voyages in has increased the efficiency of American proposals in Congress for ameliorating American ports with essentially the same cargo handling, could be used to speed the situation would be a mistake. That's set of passengers, and if all American things up in Saigon. a suggestion that American flag lines be owners, were forced to register their The tie-up in port isn't limited to Sai- permitted to buy foreign ships or build ships here," says an official of the SIU, gon. Up and down the Vietnamese coast, ships in foreign yards. "That is at best "it would provide plenty of work for ships wait up to 90 days for pier space a temporary solution which might work seamen, shipbuilders and contractors. It and even then seamen may not get shore today but would be totally unworkable would also provide a better deal for the leave. Last fall, for example, the S.S. in the case of real emergency." It would passengers, the shippers and the crews Navajo Victory pulled into Cam Ranh increase our dependence on foreign of these ships because they'd be con- bay. While it was waiting to dock, the bottoms, and hasten the disappearance structed more safely and maintained ship's master, E. Lane, was told that it of experienced shipbuilders here. properly." He noted that, while the U.S. was necessary to cancel shore leaves for Instead, Parke's committee seeks Coast Guard has the responsibility of the crews of all U.S. merchant vessels. sufficient federal funds to enable the inspecting every vessel sailing from an

When the ship came into a pier, the sea- Government to proceed with its mer- American port, the Coast Guard may men aboard noticed crewmen from an chant ship replacement program in apply rigid American standards only to adjacent vessel going ashore and return- American shipyards located along the American flag vessels. "This means that ing with no difficulty or challenge. Lane Atlantic, Gulf, Great Lakes and Pacific a Coast Guard inspector can't even try cancelled the order and permitted his shorelines. A strong advocate of foreign a fire hose on a foreign flag ship." men ashore. Once on land, they dis- construction is H. Lee White, president Everybody, it seems, agrees that the covered there was little to do and few of Marine Transport Lines. He feels that American maritime fleet once again facilities for seamen. it could bring new work to American faces problems—and that it has taken At another port. Qui Nhon, Lane shipyards which would still have to ser- a national emergency like Vietnam to received the same order. But here his vice the vessels; employment to Ameri- dramatize them. the end

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 53 The AMERICAN LEGION CLASSIFIED

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LOOKING FOR A GIFT? The American Legion Shopper offers a wide selection of reasonably PLANT AID. Pellets of a concentrated priced merchandise that make ex- horticulture formula speed and aid growth cellent birthday, anniversary and of garden flowers and vegetables. Over- size blooms at pennies per treatment. Only graduation gifts. Go ahead and $2.98 for 125 pellets: $4.95 for 300 pellets. Completely guaranteed. G & D Sales Co. order. (Streeter's Div.), Dept. AL-7E, 6 Meadow Lane, Freeport, L.I., N.Y. 11520. BORROW! 000 SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? BVMAIlSaf" CASH NORTHEL Reactivator YOU works to keep septic tank WANT and cesspool clean. A Write to World Finance Co., Dept. Amount 30 Monthly bacteria concentrate

LW-0435 , 620 Symes Bidg., Denver, Of Loan Payments breaks up solids and Colorado 80202. Find out how easy 350 $17.72 $ Your gift speaks for grease—works to pre- it is to borrow by mail. No en- $ 650 $30.80 vent overflow, back-up, dorsers, no personal interviews. America when you feed Amount 36 Monthly odors. Regular use can Details mailed in a plain envelope. Payments Of Loan hungry people with $1 save costly pumping or 850 "$34.25 r—— $ ' digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, I WORLD FINANCE CO., Dept. LW-0435 $1000 $39.39 Food Crusade packages flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- 620 Symes Bidg., Denver 2, Colo. AMOUNT caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- I through Name I CARE, New York . NEED I _ faction. Six months' supply, $3.35 ; full Address I I 10016. year's supply only $6.00, postpaid. City I NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-7 I I P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 5B440 I Age Occupation .1 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1966 ——

NEED TABLES? k SAVE MONEY! A

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CLIP-ON MAGNIFIERS. Planned for those CORNS, CALLOUSES, WARTS disappear or people who already wear prescription- money back. First application of AIro Salve AMERICAN EAGLE—Patterned after original 18th made glasses (not bifocals) but who have banishes pain and swelling, soon causes century carving on stern of New England whaling trouble reading small print. They clip right these hard to remove growths to disappear. onto regular eye glasses and magnify. Do not suffer another day; try AIro Salve vessel. 28 by 19 inches. Cast in heavy polystyrene Guaranteed to please or money back. $4 without risking a cent. Send $1.30 today to gleaming gold or flat black finish—your choice. $14 a pair, ppd. Precision Optical Co., Dept. ALRO, Dept. AL-19, Box 3215, Granada ppd. Prompt shipment. Money back if this isn't finest AL-7, Rochelle, Illinois 61068. Hills. Calif. 91344. decorative eagle available at this modest price. Fred Weber Studio, Cadillac, Michigan

COLOR ENLARGEMEHT SPECIAL V (for limited iime only) w-

^^5"x7"C0L0R ^is'xlO" COLOR ENLARGEMENTS ENLARGEMENTS ONLY $^25 0NLY$COO (save 70?) 3 (save $1.50) plus 25<^ postage and handling plus 35f postage and handling

MINIMUM 3 PRINTS FROM (1) NEGATIVE No slides, pleoie. . Frames no> included. • SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

Mail tis your KODACOLOR NEGATIVE (relumed unharmed) Send check or M.O ARTHRITIS PAIN. Is that your problem? RADIO DESK SET. Features 8-transistor Doctors knov/ that no absolute cure has radio with battery, built-in antenna; 10" THIS AD MUST ACCOMPANY YOUR ORDER been discovered yet for arthritis, but the letter opener; Parker Pen; extra note Niagara® method is known to bring paper; name plate for engraving. Chrome AMERICAN COLOR SERVICE* prompt, effective, repeatable relief from and black, leather-like padded top. 51/2" x Dept. 8, P.O. Box 1940 Bridgeport, Conn. 06601 minor arthritis pains. Write for free book- 7%" X 2". All for $19.95 ppd. Niresk In- let, Niagara Therapy, Dept. AL-7E, 4 E. dustries, Dept. P-RE-8, 210 S. Des Plaines 46th St., New York, N.Y. 10017. St., Chicago, III. 60606. PREFERRED LOANS up to $1500 ^ appreciate this PREFERRED loan^ ForThoseWho Do Not Want BACK-EASER service. It's convenient- designed for men & women GREY between the ages of 21 and HAIR $595 60 who have steady incomes. "TOP SECRET makes my hair look as plus 25c SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! it did years ago!" says famous dance postage If you're not fully satisfied return check in band leader Jan Garber. "I noticed re- 15 days without obligation. sults after just a few applications. And For men and women. Makes you ap- TOP SECRET is easy to use — doesn't BANKER'S LENDING FUND, INC. stain hands scalp. pear inches slimmer, improves posture, or TOP SECRET Tell us the amount you need. ..$600 $800 is the only hair dressing I use." tensed sacroiliac nerves. — helps relieve $1000 up to $1500. Choose your kind of loan Strong, form-fitting, washable. Snap ^ A FAVORITE OF THE STARS with your kind of payments—handle every- front. Encircling pull straps for easy thing from the privacy of your own home. TOP SECRET has been a favorite with

in Calif . . famous personalities for years. Exclusive adjustment and instant relief. Large (except Me N J . Ohio & Wisc\ formula imparts a natural looking color to foam rubber pad holds, massages back grey or faded hair. Does not streak or injure BANKER'S LENDING FUND, INC.. DEPT. 76-J-13 hair; does not wash out. stimulates circulation. Prescribed by Send $4.50 for 6 oz. — 8251 Marylond Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63105 plastic container. (Convenient tor traveling, doctors. No fitting. Send hip measure- I too.) Ppd. No COD'S, please. Money back want $ , it not delighted with results of first bottle. ment. Name Address— e oz. ALBIN OF CALIFORNIA Piper Brace Co., Dept. AL-76B BOTTLE S4 SO I City _Sfate_ OIANT 13 OZ. sbIco "<> Hollywood Way _Zip_ I Burbank, Calif. 811 Wyandotte Kansas City, Mo. 64105 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966 55 BEEF ON THE FLY The next phase of the space race will PARTING SHOTS no doubt make headlines: Scientists are planning to put 400 head of cattle into orbit. It'll be the herd shot round the world. Ron Greer

FIRST (AND LAST) AT COVENTRY

Godiva made it in nothing fiat. But only Tom could attest to that. Mark Morrow WHAT'S NEW? Fashions come and fashions go, but men's pockets are usually the same. There's no change in them. Sam E\ving

GERIATRICS SIMPLIFIED To admit to fifty Is a tactical blunder, But to prove you're a hundred Makes you a wonder. Ruth Schenley ECONOMIC FACT Charge Plate: Something to remember you buy.

Raymond J. C\'ikota NEW INSURANCE POLICY

It's packed with fine print that is most 'Mother says to step on it. The whole family's seated and she's ready to serve!" uninviting. I've studied in vain to find out where THE AMERICAN I.KGION MAGAZINE they're leading. My Agent declares that it's all there in writing.

I wish that instead it were all there in GIFT WITH STRINGS reading! A senior citizen who lived in a home for ihe aged received a beautiful Bert Kruse bouquet of lioiue-grown roses which he promptly presented to a charming lady of 80 who also lived in the home. SOUND DEFINITION She accepted them and immediately set about arranging them in her Rock-and-roll music: A fate worse than room. emerged she thanked When she the gallant gentleman. deaf. Said he. "Is that all I gel?" Philip Thomas Puzzled for a moment, she quickly recovered and replied, "Oh, you mean

you want a kiss. Well, I gave all those away long ago."

J he old gallant weighed that carefully and then said, "Well, in that case, I'll just put the flowers in my own room."

J. Alexander

SAD SONG After dinner, the husband proceeded to the living room to watch the newscasts on television. Suddenly his wife entered the room all dolled up in a new outfit. She strutted around trying to get her husband's attention but he was too absorbed in the news program. Finally she blurted out, "Henry, dear, I got this new outfit for a song!" Henry glanced briefly in her direction, then returned to the TV set. "Okay, dear," he said. "When the collector calls, I'll sing to him." F. G. Kernan

THE CRUSHER A swinging bachelor was taken al)ack \vhcn he answered his penthouse door one Halloween to lind a small masked trick-or-treater with shopping bag outstretched. Searching about for something appropriate lo donate, his eye fell on the stack of silver dollars he'd just brought back from Las Vegas. Grabbing a fistful, the playboy dropped them into llie sack. Instead of a "thank you" the kid broke into wailing sobs. "Ya" nut!' he screamed. "\a' broke all my cookies!" 'Congratulations, Louie—you've made Ivan -John Clark the State All-Stir Team!"

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1966

I %w mi {BjfidakS^ FROM NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES, THE AMERICAN LEGION Alternate Uniform Navy Blue Blazer and Grey Trousers approved for wear on all occasions.

BLAZER— 100% all wool flannel or a lightweight tropical, 55% dacron, 45% wool. Gold buttons, silk embroidered emblem on outside pocket. Sizes 36 to 50* in short, regular, long, extra-long and stout (portly). Give weight, height, chest, and suit size when ordering blazers. All wool flannel (No. 77000) or lightweight tropical (No. 77150) $26.50

TROUSERS— All wool worsted regular weight (No. 77100) or 55% dacron, 45% wool lightweight tropical (No. 77050). Unfinished bottoms. Sizes 29 to 46* in short, regular and longs. In ordering give waist size and height. Trousers $11.95 *For special size blazers or grey trousers, add $3.00 service charge and allow 5 weeks delivery.

A. BLAZER SHIRT. Short Sleeve Sport or Dress- White only. Wash 'N Wear 65% Dacron 35% Cotton material. Embroidered emblem on pocket. Sizes: Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large. (No. 70360) .... $3.95

B. TIES. New dacron blended button down. Regular in Blue (No. 70291) or Gold (No. 70292) or New Clip-on

Ready-tied in Blue (No. 70293) or Gold (No. 70294) . $1.25

C. BOB-TAIL TIE. Clip on satin ribbon, pre-tied shorty with gold plated emblem. Blue (No. 70289) or Gold (No. 70290) $1.50

D. NYLON COACH JACKET. Hidden hood in zipper collar. Navy with white braid trim. Small, medium, large. Extra Large (No. 70238) $8.50

E. Jeweled Flag Pin Sparkling colored stones set Regular Uniform in yellow gold metal outlines a Flag for full fashion wear on Crease and stain resistant, year-round, all occasions. No. 80096 $1.75 14-ounce nylon blend gabardine with % F. Enameled Flag. inch gold stripe. Must be dry cleaned. Die struck heavy rhodium fin- ished with baked enamel Flag, JACKET. Eisenhower style with elastic Jewelers quality for lifetime waist insert. Give height, chest and waist wear. Available with nail and measurements. Chest sizes 36-46 in clutch back (No. 80099); Pin short, regular, long and stout (portly) and safety catch (No, 80098); from stock. or Ringed charm (No. 80097) All other sizes add $6.00 and allow 5 weeks for delivery.* $1.50 No. 70201 $21.50 G. Presentation Set. Ideal for home or office. A specially designed set, offered as a part of The American Legion's "OPERATION SHOW YOUR TROUSERS. Zipper fly-unfinished bot- COLORS." Printed rayon 8 x 12" Flag, golden fringe toms. Give your height and waist size. with cord and tassels, mounted on a vacuum-gold 29-46 stock. Waist from plated wood staff with spear, on heavy base. All other sizes add $6,00 with 5 weeks for delivery.* Gift boxed. No. 72880 $2.50 No. 70102 $12.95 *Extra large size jackets and trousers not returnable.

UNIFORM SHIRTS of pre-shrunk THE AMERICAN LEGION, NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES /e broadcloth In long or short sleeves; P.O. Box 1954. Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 Regulation Style * Regulation Style Enclosed is $ , Please rush the following Long Sleeves * Short Sleeves

, Quarter length sleeves and sport collar in smaM, medium, large and extra large. White No. 70302 $4.85 '. White No. 70406 $4.50

Blue No. 70156 . 4.95 . Blue No. 70410 . 4.75

SOX. Black nylon ribbed stretch.

No. 70470 . Each $0.55; two pairs for $1.00

On all orders under $3,00, add 25c poatage and handling Send free catalog. Membership Card No._ )

Ameiica)s Get a pocketful of great taste *\ pipe tobacco and rich aroma. cigaiette Hpe tobacco in a filter cigarette.

(Yoiill like 'mfine. . . and thats putting it mildly!