RP 00 Volume 2
Public Disclosure Authorized ATIAK - MOYO ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECT
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): Component A - Final Report "AL
Iso4 ) ' Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Nicholas O'Dwyer & Companyat, ~~~~~~" Ltd Carrick House, Dublin 14
ema Consult limited Plot 49, Kanjokya Street, Kampala
February 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
MINISTRY OF WORKS, HOUSING AND COMMUNICATIONS
EL NINO EMERGENCY ROAD REPAIR PROJECT IDA CREDIT NO 3064 CONTRACT RDP/HW/CO11
THE REHABILITATION AND REGRAVELLING OF THE ATIAK- MOYO ROAD FINAL REPORT
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN REPORT COMPONENT A
February 2003
Nicholas O Dwyer & Company Ltd The Permanen; Secretary Carrick House Ministry of Works, Housing Dublin 14 and Communications P.O. Box 10 En-tebbe ema Consult limited The Director Plot 49 Kanjokya Street Road Agency Formation Unit Kampala MoWHC P.O. Box 2848 7-,Kampala I Table of Contents
Table of Contents...... ii List of Figures...... v List of Tables ...... vi Acronyms andAbbreviations ...... vii Executive Summary...... viii
1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE ATIAK-MOYO ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECT
1.1 Introduction.. 1 1.2 Goals and Objectives. . . 2 1.3 Project Location, Affected Sites and Potential Resettlement . . . 3 1.3.1 ProjectArea ...... 3 1.3.2 Existing Road ...... 4 1.3.3 Upgrading Works ...... 7 1.3.4 Affected Sites ...... 7 1.4 Methodology and Approach ...... 7 1.4.1 Introduction ...... 7 1.4.2 Documentary Analysis ...... 7 1.4.3 Beneficiary Assessment ...... 8 1.4.3.1 Focus Group Discussions ...... 8 1.4.3.2 Stakeholder Analysis ...... 9 1.4.4 Baseline Survey ...... 9 1.4.5 Report Outline ...... 9
2.0 INSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
2.1 Land Tenure ...... 11 2.2 Land use and management Institutions ...... 111...... 2.2.1 Administration ...... 13 2.3 Legal Framework ...... 14 2.3.1 Introduction ...... 14 2.3.2 Purpose of resettlement/land acquisition ...... 14 2.3.3 National local legal'framework ...... 15 2.3.4 Harmonisation of Legal Frameworks ...... 19 2.3.5 Summary ...... 20
3.0 DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE-
3.1 Introduction ...... 21 3.2 Demographic profile .21 bb...... sioeduqi ;AiaoN ai .loj samseom UoiWvfltu p!sodoij 517 Z.. luauuoTAug j2!o0 Sop uo slduqI OAfleSaN tbb £-b, Zbl ...... ------uaTuo",y uo sloag-g Ob. *------.------UlUUoJAU3 JU!o0S atp uo Sl=dUII aAl!SOd Z-tb otb uo!pnpo.nuhI l1b
IMMMOUIMM MVlNfH a1H1 NO SI3VJNI Jj3fOHd Ofb
6£ ...... --....------s EIUNV-6-£ SE. ------. F2H Z-6-£ L...... --uo u ,s np 116-E L. *------.------saoLas jeuoos uo sioaduz1 6-E L .tuawd am=!puodxa pue uoildumsuoD 8-£ ...... sIasse PloqasnoH L-£ 9£ ------.------. 9t£ .ualsXs .£ amual pueI .£'dulsx;uMso pueA S E ...... puoi a uo tuaureoug I£-t- - 6Z ...... s.u.lsAs poot1l0aT1i b-£ 6Z ...... --.. ------.. on.dn.o o £-£-£ 8Z *------.------. ploqasnoqjo pmiqjo smls Wm!W £-Z-E£E 8Z pToqasnoqJo peaq jo gv Z-Z-£-£ ploqsnoqn...... jo peoqjo x2S IlZVE£ LZ ...... £ LZ*------.... dnspesq pIoTaSnOH ZZT £~ £ LZ ...... -...... ------...... diuqspu2e pleollsnOH o3npgl-£- 9z ...... ------...... swoursailmere: muUoi b,-Z-£C £Z ...... ------...... "------'ll" ...... gun oa Xq uoulnq.pisi! "I'll"-...... -...... azis ploqasnOH £ Z £ £Z ...... " Z-Z-£ zz ...... ------xas Aq uoilBindod I -Z-£ [Z ...... ------...... panagej uoillelndod 5.0 COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON THE ATIAK-MOYO ROAD
5.1 Introduction ...... 48 5.2 Areas addressed by the community perspectives ...... 48 5.2.1 Cultural and community property ...... 48 5.2.2 Cultural and social cohesion ...... 49 5.2.3 Community participation in the project ...... 50 5.2.3.1 Community mobilisation and participation strategy ...... 50 5.2.4 Proposed compensation modalities ...... 51 5.2.5 Resettlement alternatives ...... 51 5.2.6 Vulnerable groups ...... 52 5.3 Impacts assessments ...... 52 5.3.1 Positive impacts ...... 53 5.3.2 Negative impacts ...... 54 5.4 Stakeholders in compensation and resettlement planning ...... 54 5.4.1 Local government ...... 54 5.4.2 Local NGOs ...... 55 5.5 Compensation and resettlement minimisation strategies. 55 5.6 Conclusions .56
6.0 COMPENSATION SYSTEM
6.1 Inventory of Affected Individual and Community Properties .57 6.2 Criteria and Strategy for Compensation .57 6.3 Income Restoration Strategy .58 6.4 Training Programme and Labour Opportnities .58 6.5 List and Summary of Compensation Per Individual Family .58 6.6 System for Complaints and Grievances .59
7.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATION
7.1 Infrastructure Works and Social Improvement .60 7.2 Payment Procedure .60 7.3 Compensation Agreement .62 7.4 Entitlement Cut-off .63 7.5 Rehabilitation of Income .63 7.6 Vulnerable Groups .63 7.7 Time Schedule and Summary of Activities .64
8.0 RESETTLEMENT BUDGET/ESTIMATE
8.1 Costs .66 8.2 Process of Payment .67
iv 67 8.3 Financial Responsibility ...... ------.-. 67 8.4 Identification of Beneficiaries ...... -
9.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
9.1 Social Monitoring Team Composition ...... 68 69 9.2 Scope of Work for the Monitoring Team ...... - 72 9.3 Evaluation of the actual results ...... -
Annexes 75 Annex 1 List of households surveyed ...... 77 Annex 2 List of Participants ...... 78 Annex 3 List of Households interviewed along Atiak-Moyo Road ......
List of Figures 6 Figure 1.1 Map showing the Project Area. Figure 3.1 Percentage distribution of population by type of impact .21 22 Figure 3.2 Percentage distribution of population in project area ...... Figure 3.3 Percentage distribution of population by sub-counties .23 Figure 3.4 Percentage distribution of households by sex of head of household .27 Figure 3.5 Percentage distribution of heads of households by age .28 Figure 3.6 Percentage distribution-of head of household by marital status and Occupation .28 36 Figure 3.7 Percentage distribution of households durable possessions ...... 37 Figure 3.8 Percentage distribution of households by expenditure patters . 39 Figure 3.9 Percentage distribution of households by the effects of resettlement
Plates
Plate 1 Pakele Trading Centre .25 Plate 2 Petrol Station in Adjumani Town Council .25 Plate 3 Subsistence agriculture - main livelihood .29 Plate 4 Subsistence farming along Atiak-Moyo road .31 Plate 5 A cluster of traditional huts in close proximity with the road .32 Plate 6 Permanent buildings along the Atiak-Moyo road .33 Plate 7 Muvule trees at Pakele Trading Centre .34 Plate 8 A primary school in Adjumani .38 Plate 9 Communal settlement pattern in Adjunami District .50 List of Tables
Table 3.1 Percentage distribution of population living in subcounties ...... 22 Table 3.2 Percentage distribution of households population by education ...... 27 Table 3.3 Percentage distribution of households by main means of livelihood ...... 30 Table 3.4 Percentage distribution of households by location of livelihood ...... 32 Table 3.5 Percentage distribution of households by risk of losing property ...... 34 Table 3.6 Percentage distribution of households by ownership of land ...... 35 Table 3.7 Percentage distribution of households by education impact by county... 38 Table 3.8 Percentage distribution of households by impact of health facility ...... 39 Table 4.1 Estimated cost for mitigation of project impacts ...... 47 Table 8.1 Summary of the total cost for resettlement/land acquisition ...... 66 Table 9.1 Summary of main resettlement monitoring indicators ...... 69 Table 9.2 Estimated cost for monitoring of mitigation implementation ...... 73
vi Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADB African Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CAO Chief Administrative Officer CBO Community Based Organisation CDO Community Development Officer CEFORD Community Efforts for Rural Development CPAR Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief DDHS Director of District Health Services DEO District Education Officer DLB District Land Board DLO District Land Office DLT District Land Tribunal EU European Union FGD Focus Group Discussion GoU Govermnent of Uganda HIV Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome IDP Internally Displaced Person LC Local Council LEC Local Environment Committee LWF Lutheran World Federation MACI Madi AIDS Control Initiative MOWHC Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications MWLE Ministry of Water, Lands and Envirorunment NEMA National Enviormment Management Authority NGO Non-Governental Organisation OP Operational Policy PAP People Affected by Project PLC Parish Land Committee RAFU Road Agency Fornation Unit RAP Ressettlement Action Plan RDC Resident District Commissioner RR Road Reserve RSDP Road Sector Development Programme STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases ULC Uganda Land Commission UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UPE Universal Primary Education WFP World Food Programme W*rB World Bank Executive Summary
1. Introduction
The Atiak-Moyo Road is part of the Uganda Government's Ten Year Road Development Programme, w hich s tarted i n 1 996 a nd i s e xpected t o b e c ompleted by the year 2006, under the El Nino Emergency Road Repair. The Atiak-Moyo road is to be rehabilitated and regravelled to a modified class A gravel standard. This, therefore, requires some additional land for construction works. The project needs a resettlement and land acquisition plan in order to facilitate the people that will be affected by the project such that they are not left worse off than they are today.
2. Objectives
* to raise awareness of the affected communities in particular and the public in general in the districts of Moyo, Adjumani, and Gulu (particularly Atiak Sub- County) on the project and its potential consequences;
* to identify directly affected people and households;
* to estimate the costs for resettlement, compensation and land acquisition;
* to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) setting out strategies and schedules to mitigate adverse impacts and or effects on the people. This RAP is to set out parameters and establish entittlements for the directly Project Affected People (PAP), the institutional framework, mechanisms for consultation and grievance resolution, the time schedule and budget, and a monitoring and evaluation system;
* to ensure that the agreed entittlement packages include both compensation and measures to restore the economic and social base for those affected where appropriate;
* to ensure that the requirements of the Government of Uganda and the World Bank for Land Acquisition and resettlement are fulfilled; and
* to develop capacity at the appropriate level to enable participation, resolve conflict, permit service delivery, and carry out mitigation measures as required.
viii 3. Affected Sites and Potential Resettlement/Compensation
The Atiak-Moyo road project covers parts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo districts for a length of 91 kmn of road and 1 km allowance for the Nile River giving a total of 92 km. The project affects the 91 km of road distance divided into the following three sections.
Atiak-Moyo Section. This section starts from the Nimule-Atiak-Adjumani junction (km 0) and runs in a north-westerly direction (along a ridge) until close to Dzaipi. From here it turns and runs in a westerly direction until it reaches the town of Adjumani (km 46).
Adjumani-Laropi Section. The road from Adjumani (km 46) leads generally in a north- westerly direction until approximately 2 km from the Nile River where it meanders slightly passing through massive boulders until it reaches the ferry crossing (km 65). The Laropi ferry crossing consists of two embankinents projecting into the river which require replacement with concrete landings.
Laropi-Moyo Section. The road from Laropi leads generally in a northerly direction for approximately 16 kmn and then turns in a north-westerly direction until it reaches Moyo with the chainage of the project being the Post Office Building in Moyo Town (km 92).
4. Key Stakeholders
The key stakeholders in the Atiak-Moyo Road Rehabilitation Project include: the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communication (MOWHC) which is also the lead agency; the Road Agency Formation Unit (RAFU); Ministry of Lands, Water and Environment (MWLE); the National Enviromnent Management Authority (NEMA); the Local Govenmments o f G ulu, A djumani and M oyo; Ministry o fD efence; and the local communities in the project area. Additionally, CEFORD (Community Efforts for Rural Development) a local NGO and CPAR (Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief) an intemational NGO were also identified as key stakeholders in the Atiak-Moyo Road project. Other NGOs identified in the project area but my not have a lot of interest in the project are the: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); World Food Programme (WFP); Lutheran World Federation (LWF); Carrying American Relief Everywhere (CARE); Madi AIDS Control Initiatve (MACI).
People who will be directly affected by the road development project are those who have land, infrastructure and other properties along the 92 km stretch.
5. Institutional, Legal and Policy Framework
Broadly, there are at least five main actors directly involved in carrying out resettlement and compensation for those to be affected by the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Atiak-Moyo road. These are MOWHC, RAFU, MWLE and Office of the Prime
ix Minister (OPM) in-charge of Disaster Preparedness, and the Local Governments in the project area.
Although OPM has the official mandate regarding resettlement, in case of the Atiak- Moyo road project, in this case it is handled by RAFU which is under the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications, coordinating the programme in liaison with the local govermments of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo respectively. However, only one permanent structure will be relocated at Ara Trading Centre, Adropi sub-county, Adjumani district. The affected building will be relocated in the backyard which belongs to the same landlord hence there will be no need for resettlement.
The technical personnel at the district level will be headed by the CAO. However, the Resettlement/Compensation Committee will include RAFU or representative, the District Land Officer, Local Council (LC 1) Chairperson of the affected villages.
The applicable laws in Uganda regarding Resettlement, Land Acquisition and Compensation including the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 have been applied to the A tiak-Moyo R oad p roject. 0 ther I nternational s afeguard p olicies h ave also been complied with particularly World Bank Operational Policies.
* The 1995 Uganda Constitution with special regard to: land tenure systems, institution and administration * The Land Act (1998) * The Land Acquisition Act (1965) * The Road Act 1964 * The Town and Country Planning Act 1964 * Local Govermments Act 1997 * Applicable local government ordinances and bye-laws; and * The World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.12 on "Involuntary Resettlement"
It is now a legal requirement that all persons affected by road development projects are adequately, and promptly compensated for their structures, crops and other properties. Additionally, income restoration must be ensured where it applies.
6. Socioeconomic Baseline Survey
A total of 1,070 households, within an area of 500 metres either side of the Atiak-Moyo road were surveyed. This population includes both those who will be directly affected by the road project and those outside the Road Reserve to allow for comparison.
The majority of the population that will be affected by the Atiak-Moyo road is largely rural, living on communally-owned lands, and very poor with few tangible assets and growing mostly annual crops which can be harvested within the six-month quit period.
x Furthermore, the rural sections of the road are sparsely populated which means re- location to another area can be easily effected.
On t he o ther h and t he s even u rban c entres a long t he Atiak-Moyo road (Atiak, Dzaipi, Pakele, Laropi and Metu trading centres; and Adjumani and Moyo town councils) have some leasehold and freehold properties and permanent structures that require slightly more compensation. Furthermore, the urban population is generally much more better off than its rural counterpart. The results of the baseline survey constitute an important basis for community perceptions of the road project presented in chapter four of the report.
7. Community Participation and Consultation
Comprehensive consultations with various stakeholders were carried out before and during the Resettlement Action Planning (RAP) process. These aimed to involve the stakeholders and seek their views on the various aspects of the road development project. Consultations began before launching the survey. This is expected to go on until project implementation. The Local Authorities and communities in Gulu, Adjrmani, and Moyo were extensively consulted.
8. Project Impacts
During the RAP process, a number of impacts both negative and positive of the road project on the environment have been identified and presented in this report. Broadly, there is no adverse impact of the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Atiak-Moyo road on both the natural and human environment. Impacts identified in the enviromnental impact statement (EIS) are minimal and easily mitigable. Additionally, the study has recommended mitigation measures for the impacts which include among others compensation and resettlement, HIV/AIDS awareness building, road safety measures and measures to minimize noise and dust pollution are among the key impacts for which mitigation measures were specified.
9. Compensation and Resettlement
It was proposed that for the affected structures in rural areas, the client should reconstruct similar ones. Those in urban areas may be compensated in cash and left to decide where to move next. The rationale is that these urban people are mostly engaged in business and are more sophisticated in cash management than their rural counterparts. It is therefore recommended that:
* in rural areas, instead of giving cash payment, the affected structures should be replaced; while the cash option could be applied to those affected in the trding centres and town councils; * for the rural beneficiaries, the District Community Development Officers and the respective Assistant Conmnunity Development Officers at the sub-county level,
xi together with the Parish Chiefs will oversee the relocation of the structures. The exercise should be administered by a Consultant/firm appointed by RAFU * also for the rural beneficiaries, the Comnmunity Leader will provide the land within the same locality; * the standard of the new structures will be. comparable or better than the current ones; and * a disturbance allowance of 15% to relocated communities will be paid at least three months before relocation to enable them to re-adjust.
10. Implementation and monitoring
The study has drawn mitigation, implementation and monitoring plans regarding the Atiak-Moyo road project. T he plans include m obilisation offunds and compensation, formation of compensation/resettlement committees, identification of alternative land to cater for possible resettlement and hiring of an independent Consultant/fiIn to administer the compensation/resettlement exercise. Regarding monitoring, two part-time monitors have been recommended to implement the plans including data gathering about the progress of mitigation implementation.
xii I CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Resettlement Action Plan: Atiak-Moyo Road
1.1 Introduction
The Government of Uganda (GoU) is implementing a Ten Year Road Development Programme (1996/97 - 2005/06) for the classified road network which includes, among others, the rehabilitation anf regravelling of the Atiak-Moyo Road (92 km of which 91 km is road surface) under the El Nino Emergency Progamme and 1 km covered by the River Nile. An earlier attempt by SIETCO, a Chinese company, to rehabilitate the road was hampered by insecurity in the area which led to the company's withdrawal.
The Atiak-Moyo road provides an important link for the districts of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu to other areas of Uganda on which they depend for marketing of their agricultural products as well as consumer goods. It also provides the only road system for inter - district commerce and trade beginning right from the colonial times. The road also links Uganda to Sudan and provides access to otherwise hundreds of thousands of vulnerable refugee populations in the Sudan as well as in the districts of Moyo and Adjumani in Uganda to hurhanitarian agencies for vital support. Despite its present state, the Atiak- Moyo road has been an important social and economic good for the population living in the project area.
The importance of the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road cannot be over emphasized. An. efficient transportation system is essential for the development of an integrated and self-sustaining economy. A good road should be seen as both a social and economic good. If assessed using both the social and economic criteria, the rehabilitation and regravelling of the Atiak-Moyo road should be considered as a Social Action as well as an economic Project. The rehabilitation and regravelling of the Atiak-Moyo road will therefore generate the following benefits:
* it will contribute to economic growth in the area by reducing transportation costs which will, among other things, increase local production and facilitate the inflow of private investment; * the rehabilitated road will also lead to more structural change, contributing to economic diversification, adoption of new agricultural technologies, and changes in the structure of production and consumption which all impact on welfare; and * the development of the road will also cause the integration of the population of the region with the rest of Uganda which has always been elusive over the last two decades mainly because of high transport costs and irregular transport services due to poor road conditions. road while this background, the need to rehabilitate and regravel the Atiak-Moyo Despite the road. in itself, could have some negative impacts on the population settled along good policies Both the Uganda Government and the development partners have safeguard off than they were which ensure that people affected by a road project are not left worse before the project. The Government of Uganda has developed a Resettlement/Land Policy Framework, which provides a procedural guide for resettlement Acquisition Policy planning for road projects. The World Bank has also developed the Operational 4.12 to cater for involuntary resettlement arising from such projects. and legal report, therefore, presents information about resettlement and institutional This profile of the frameworks required for road development projects and the socioeconomic and negative population settled along the 92 km road. It also presents identified positive together with impacts on the population in addition to the resettlement plan itself, associated costs and implementation schedules.
1.2 Goals and Objectives and focus of the resettlement action plan revolves around mitigation The central the Mitigation is required to ensure that relevant issues arising from participation, at involving rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road are addressed. Participation is aimed likely negative stakeholders so that they can give their views and suggestions on the all solving the impacts of the rehabilitation project, including suggestions towards social works. The identified impacts amicably prior to commencement of the rehabilitation specific objectives are: public in * to raise awareness of the affected commnunities in particular and the Sub- general in the districts of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu (particularly Atiak County) on the project and its potential consequences;
* to identify directly affected people and households; where * to estimate the costs for resettlement, compensation and land acquisition relevant; schedules to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) setting out strategies and * and to mitigate adverse impacts on the people. This RAP sets out parameters entitlements for the directly Project Affected People, the institutional establishes the time framework, mechanisms for consultation and grievance resolution, schedule and budget, and a monitoring and evaluation system;
2 * to ensure that t he a greed e ntitlements p ackage i ncludes b oth c ompensation and measures to restore the economic and social base for those affected where appropriate;
* to ensure that the requirements of the Government of Uganda and the World Bank for land acquicition and resettlement are fulfilled; and
* to develop capacity at the appropriate level to enable participation, resolve conflict, permit service delivery, and carry out mitigation measures as required.
To be able to achieve the above general and specific objectives, the consultancy study has been divided into 2 parts and this report presents Component A.
1.3 Project Location, Affected Sites and Potential Resettlement
1.3.1 The Project Area
The Atiak-Moyo road project traverses three districts, namely: Gulu (16 klm), Adjumani and Moyo covering the remaining 76 kilometres. All the three districts are in northern Uganda. The road project is located in an agricultural area where the population is engaged mainly in crop farning on subsistence basis. Compared to the rest of Uganda, the northern region including the project area is very poor. While headcount poverty in other parts of Uganda is declining the reverse is true in northern Uganda. More than 90% of the population in the project area depends on agriculture as their main means of livelihood. In the 1960s and early 1970s the project area was one of the largest cotton producing regions in Uganda. In the 1990s it produced nearly all the simsim exported out of Uganda. With the revitalisation of cotton farming and the improving security situation combined with a sizeable surplus arable land, the project area could become a major agricultural production centre in Uganda. The Atiak-Moyo road has, from the colonial period, b een t he o nly a ccess for p roduce from this region to markets in other parts of Uganda and beyond. This was after river transport lost its comparative advantage to road transport.
The dominant ethnic groups in the project area are the Madi and Acholi with the former constituting the largest proportion of the population. The Acholi and other tribes form a smaller proportion that will benefit directly and indirectly from the r oadp roject. T he common languages spoken in the area are Madi and Acholi.
Apart from the 16 km- stretch from Atiak to Ayugi forming the boundary between Gulu and A djumani districts, the remaining stretch of the road from Ayugi to Moyo is well settled with settlements close to the road. However, there are no archaeological or cultural sites of interest identified along the Atiak-Moyo road.
3 The key stakeholders in the project area are: the Ministry of Works, Housing and Comnmunications (MoWHC)/Road Agency Formation Unit (RAFU); the National Enviornment Management Authority (NEMA); Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu local governments; civil society; United Nations humanitarian organisations such as the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR); The World Bank (WB); security agencies and the local communities within the road project.
1.3.2 The Existing Road
The existing Atiak-Moyo road (Figure 1) can be conveniently divided into three sections, namely: Atiak - Adjumani; Adjumani - Laropi; and Laropi -Moyo sections.
Atiak - Adjumani Section. The project road starts at the Nimule - Adjumani-Atiak- to junction (lan 0), and runs in a north-westerly direction (along a ridge) until close Dzaipi Trading Centre. From here it turns and runs in a westerly direction until it reaches the town of Adjumani (46 lan). of The road alignment traverses gently rolling terrain with deeper descents at the vicinity the bridges at km 13, km 17, km 20 and km 43. The sub-section of roadway from Atiak to kmn 13 has been constructed generally as a 8 m wide gravel road but a substantial to portion of works were not completed under the terminated contract namely, headwalls culvert pipes, rehabilitation bridges, access culverts, completion of side drains, road furniture and provision of sub-base and base gravel layers.
The sub-section o fthe roadway from Dzaipi to Adjumani was substantially completed the under the terminated contract but has been damaged due to the El Nino floods and was lack of maintenance works. Regravelling of the section from km 13 to Adjumani carried out in 2001. in a Adjumani - Laropi Section. The road from Adjumani (kIn 46) heads generally north-westerly direction until approximaltely 2 km from the Nile River where it meanders The slightly passing through massive boulders until it reaches the ferry crossing (km 65). Laropi ferry crossing consists of two embankments projecting into the Nile River which require replacement with concrete landings.
The road alignment traverses gently rolling terrain with a gentle gradient on the descent into the Nile Valley. On either side of the Nile crossing, the road passes through swamp areas before it reaches Laropi (km 66). been The sub-section of the roadway from Adjumani to 2 km from the Nile crossing has works constructed generally as an 8m wide gravel road and is in good condition. The access that were not completed during the tenninated contract are headwalls to culverts, have culverts and road furniture. The El Nino floods and the lack of maintenance resulted in some damage. Regravelling was carried out in 2001.
4 The sub-section approaching the Nile crossing was not substantially completed during the terminated contract and the works outstanding are drainage works, embarkments in swamp crossings, sub-base and base course gravel, road furniture and ferry landings.
Laropi - Moyo Section. The road from Laropi heads generally in a northerly direction for approximately 16 km and then turns in a north-westerly direction until it reaches Moyo with the end chainage of the project being the Post Office Building in Moyo Town (km 92).
The road alignment traverses gently rolling terrain until km 71 where it ascends through mountainous terrain for approximately 6 kilometres. The road then traverses gentle rolling terrain up to Moyo with the road alignment passing along a ridge for the last 9 kilometres. There are three exisiting bridges over streams crossing at km 73, km 80 and km 88. There is very little vegetation in the mountainous sub-section but it is thicker each side of the mountainous sub-sections.
The sub-section of the roadway from Laropi to kIn 71 is generally low-lying and the sub- grade consists of a silty sand. The basic earthworks and installation of cross drainage culverts were completed under the terminated contract and the following were not completed: imported sub-grade, sub-base and base course layer, headwalls to culvert pipes, side drainage and road furniture. Some maintenance was carried out in 2001.
The sub-section of the roadway from kn 71 to km 77, which rises through a series of rock cuttings, has been completed as a concrete pavement for approximately 2 km with a 6 m carriageway without shoulders and a trapezoidal lined drain. The cross-drainage culverts have been installed. There is approximately 4 kilometres of concrete pavement, which was not completed under the terminated contract.
The sub-section from km 7 7 to M oyo Town had b een c onstructed g enerally to an 8m wide road under the terminated contract but items such as headwalls to culvert pipes, side drains, sub-base and base course gravel layers were not constructed. Maintenance was carried out in 2001.
In general the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road will not require any major re- alignments. The existing route alignment is essentially well engineered.
5 Figure 1.1 Project Area
-1 -- ,. .
.' v
Souce MOH ReabIato an Rerveln othAfatoMyRad Draft EngineeringDesign~~1 Reor - erur 20
! ~~ z .s I
1, I :--
Source: MOWHC Rehabilitation and Regravelling of the Atialc to Moyo Road. Draft Engineering Des,ign Report - Februaiy 2002 1.3.3 Upgrading Works
Following discussions with MoWHC, it was agreed that the rehabilitation of the Atiak- Moyo road will conform to a modified Class A gravel. That is, the road is to have a carriageway of 6 km and shoulders of lm on each side. This accounts for 8m for the road. In addition, three metres on either side of the road are to be acquired for drainage works. In places where there is a significant embarkment an additional 3.0 meters on either side will be acquired for the embarkment and working area. The total width of the Road Reserve (RR) is 15 metres on each side taken from the centreline to allow for the proposed rehabilitation work and future planning purposes. The Valuation Team has just completed its work and are due to present in its findings to RAFU while Surveyors are yet carrying out surveying exercise of the road.after which actual values for affected road can be determined and demarcated for purposes of road upgrading. This census has incorporated the major findings of the Valuation exercise while survey assessment will be presented in component C of the Atiak-Moyo Road Feasibility and Engineering assignment.
1.3.4 Affected Sites
The entire 92 km length of the Atiak-Moyo road will be affected by the rehabilitation project. While the large portion of the road length is sparsely populated with some of the homesteads safely distanced away from the Road Reserve, major centres of compensation will be at the trading centres and town councils. These are: Atiak, Dzaipi, Pakelle, Laropi and Metu trading centres; and Adjumani and Moyo town councils. The socioeconomic survey (Chapter 5.0) indicates that a total of 1,070 households within a distance of OOm on either side of the road will be directly and indirectly affected.
1.4 Methodology and Approach
1.4.1 Introduction
To conduct the socioeconomic studies and resettlement action plan methodological triangulation, which is the integration of various methods was, carried out. These methods are participatory in nature aimed at soliciting information from people likely to be affected by the road project. They are qualitative and quantitative methods targeting communities that live along the road and key stakeholders in the road project. The qualitative methods include documents review, and beneficiary and stakeholder analysis.
1.4.2 Documentary review
The documentary review involved the identification of the applicable legal and administrative frameworks and policies of the Uganda Govenment and the World Bank
7 on resettlement and compensation requirements and mechanisms. The purpose of the review was to: * establish land tenure regimes in Uganda and in the project area; * review land use and management institutions in Uganda; * review legal and policy frameworks on compensation and resettlement; * establish local government compensation rates in Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo districts; and * harmonise differences in resettlement and compensation guidelines between the Government of Uganda Policy Framework and Wold Bank Operational Policy 4.12.
In this respect, the following documents were reviewed: the Road Access Act 1965; Uganda Constitution (1995); the Local Governments Act 1997; the Land Act 1998; and any relevant district byelaws and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 on Involuntary Resenlement. These laws provided information for the baseline surveys as well as the contextual analysis of the study findings.
1.4.3 Beneficiary assessment
The beneficiary assessment consisted mainly of consultative activities with communities living along the Ataik-Moyo road aimed at gaining insights into the perception oft he population about the impacts of the road project on their livelihood systems as well as their way of life. This process provided an opportunity for the people to be heard while at the same time supplying the information used for assessing the need for resettlement and minimisation of compensation costs. The potential contribution of the communities in the project was also assessed through this method. The main tool used for the beneficiary assessment was the focus group discussions.
1.4.3.1 Focus group discussions
The focus group discussions were conducted using guidelines developed to: * assess the potential social and economic impact on the community by evaluating the impact of the project on social services and economic activities of communities along the road so as to guide restoration of peoples' livelihood systems; * examine and assess the cost of compensation in terms of the population likely to be affected and strategies for compensation and opportunities for minimising compensation and resettlement costs; and * identify alternatives to land acquisition so as to minimise compensation and resettlement costs as well as justifying acquisitions.
These focus groups discussions were conducted in Metu Trading Centre, Laropi Trading Centre, Adropi Sub-County, Pakele Trading Centre, Dzaipi Trading Centre and Ataik
8 Trading Centre. These locations were chosen mainly because of the high population densities b ut m ore importantly b ecause o ft heir vulnerability to the road project, s ince they are close to the road and risk losing property to the road.
1.4.3.2 Stakeholder analysis
The stakeholder analysis was an important part of the community participation component of the baseline survey. The analysis targeted mainly district and community leaders including LC V Chairpersons of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu districts, district councillors, LC I Chairpersons and other community leaders; leaders of NGOs and CBOs such as business community associations; and relevant govermnent technical officials. From these stakeholder discussions, the following information was obtained: * impact of the road project on cultural and communal property, * impact on cultural and social cohesion; * community participation in the project and involvement of local governments and NGOs especially in project implementation and resettlement activities if required; * altemative resettlement strategies and minimisation of land acquisition; and * stakeholder expectations of the road project.
1.4.4 Baseline survev
The baseline survey was conducted to establish the socioeconomic profile of the communities along the road. The baseline involved a complete census of all households within an area of 500 metres on either side of the road. Using a structured questionnaire, the baseline collected the following information: * a census of the population by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population at risk of displacement with a listing of all the names of the heads of households surveyed; * the livelihood system of each household along the road; * an inventory of property of all households living along the road; * the land tenure system of the communities along the road including those in trading centres; * the extent to which public infrastructure may be disrupted by the road project; and * the impact of the road project on the general livelihood systems of the population, including income and expenditure pattern, social organisations and potential host communities.
1.4.5 Report outline
The Component A Report is presented in nine chapters including this introduction (Chapter 1.0) which contains details on the project, objectives of the consultancy, methodologies used and what they attempted to achieve. The institutional and legal
9 Chapter2.0. framework together with land tenure and land management are presented in Clhapter 3.0 presents the details of the socio-economic baseline information and survey. 4.0; while The impacts of the project on the human environment are reported in Chapter Chapter 6.0; Chapter 5.0 is the subject of community participation system is detailed in resettlement implementation of resettlement/compensation in Chapter 7.0; followed by budget/estimates in Chapter 8.0; monitoring and evaluation in Chapter 9.0; supporting Annexes.
10 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Institutional, Legal and Policy Framework Introduction Land relations has been a critical and sensitive matter in Uganda and key in understanding political as well as economic dynamics of Ugandan society since colonial times. To manage this problem, Uganda has gone through several land reform programmes. However, the important ones are three; the Colonial Land Law, Land Reform Decree No. 3 1975, and the Land Act 1998. These laws and regulations defined the major land tenure systems in Uganda and regulated land ownership, transfers, and acquisitions for private as well as public use. This chapter presents the main land tenure systems in Uganda and describes the way land issues are managed in Uganda. 2.1 Land Tenure
All laws in Uganda provided for four-land tenure regimes including customary, freehold, mailo and leasehold land tenure systems. These tenure regimes have been retained in the present law, the Land Act 1998. The most prevalent land tenure system in the project area is Customary Tenure.
2.2 Land Use and Management Institutions
Land Management is defined as the occupancy and use of land taking into consideration the interests of others, the environment and the laws that govern land. Land Management includes the institutions that help in settling land disputes, which arise out of the occupation and utilisation of the land, and the institutions, which help to ascertain rights in the land.
Before the Land Act 1998 came into force, the Local Council Courts and Magistrates' Courts had powers to preside over land matters. Although the Land Act 1998 established institutions to handle land matters, these institutions have not been operationalised at the district and lower levels and thus, Local Council Courts and Magistrates Courts have continued to preside over land matters. The Land Act 1998, established an institutional framework for the administration of land in Uganda. T his i s in accordance with the d ecentralisation policy, which ensures that management and administrative responsibilities should be left to the lowest possible level. In respect to these the Land Act established five institutions and these are: * The Uganda Land Commission
This is the highest management institution responsible for ensuring that land management and administration adheres to the provisions of the Land Act 1998. The Land Commission is appointed by the President of Uganda. It also manages natural resources on behalf of the Central Government. In addition, the Commission manages government land abroad. However, this commission has no powers to grant leases except on land owned by it on behalf of the central government. It also does not resolve land disputes between individuals and or the govermment.
* The District Land Boards
The Land Act, 1998 provides that every district must set up a District Land Board (DLB). The DLB is established by the District Local Council (DLC). Its main responsibility is to manage what used to be called public land. The Board has powers to sell and lease land under its jurisdiction. The Central Govermnent may also entrust the management of some natural resources to the District Land Board.
* The District Land Office
The District Land Office (DLO) supports the District Land Board on technical and management aspects of land relations. The DLO was set by the Land Act 1998 and it is responsible for gathering and disseminating information regarding land ownership and use. It also keeps ownership records, issues certificates of title to land. The DLO also regulates land use, transfer procedures, and may allow or reject such use or transfers.
* Land Committees
This committee was established by the Land Act, 1998. Its operational area is the Parish, Division in a City or gazetted urban area such as Town Councils. The role of the committee is to: * advise the District Land Board on land matters; * ascertain and mark boundaries for issuance of certificate of occupancy and of customary ownership; and * safeguard the rights of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups such as women, children and persons with disability. Although Land Committees are not yet fully operational, they have been established in some districts including Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu.
12 * The Recorder
The duty of the Recorder is to issue certificates of customary ownership and of occupancy, keeping files and records concerning land relations and those with implications to land rights.
2.2.1 Administration
The Land administration institutions were established by the Land Act, 1998 to deal with land disputes including ownership and user rights. These institutions are the land tribunals. The land tribunals are established at three levels: * The High Court, which is the highest court that presides over land disputes and it is called the court of appeal. For a land dispute case to appear before this court, it must have been unresolved at all lower tribunals namely the sub-county or division and District Land Tribunals. The Court of Appeal is appointed by the Chief Justice. * The District Land Tribunal (DLT). This tribunal is appointed by the Chief Justice of Uganda. * The Sub-County, Urban and Division Land Tribunals. These Tribunals are appointed by the Judicial Service Commission.
The Land Tribunals are mandated to: * grant, lease, repossess, transfer or help in the acquisition of land by individuals, groups or a public body in accordance with the Land Act, 1998; and * ensure that where a public body acquires land for public good, a fair compensation is paid as provided by the Land Act, 1998. The tribunals are supported by mediators and traditional authorities. The latter are very instrumental in the settlement of disputes relating to customary land.
In conclusion, this chapter has described the land management and administration institutions in Uganda and reviewed their functions for the purpose of assessing their role in presiding over land relations in Uganda It was observed that these institutions play important roles in land relations in Uganda especially in regulating ownership, use, transfers and acquisition of land by individuals, g roups o r a p ublic b ody for w hatever purpose. In these respects, the land management and administration institutions will be used to address transfer and acquisition of land in the Atiak-Moyo road project area. Their functions will be particularly tapped in compensation and resettlement planning and implementation.
13 2.3 Legal Framework
2.3.1 Introduction
Legal frameworks are important in addressing redress and compensation modalities in case an individual or a group of individuals are involuntarily displaced by public projects. This chapter therefore presents a review of policies, laws and practices relating to road development in Uganda. The chapter also harmonises Uganda Government involuntary resettlement regulations with that of the World Bank as a development partner. An attempt is also made to review the mechanisms of developing the compensation rates in the districts of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu districts. National local and international legal frameworks relating to land and property relations are reviewed below.
2.3.2 Purpose of resettlement / land acquisition
The main objective of land acquisition and resettlement is to ensure that the displaced persons are not left worse off than they were before the project. Involuntary resettlement, therefore, should be an integral part of the RDPP m projects and should be handled at the onset of the project, i.e at the planning and feasibility stages, and throughout the project cycle.
When communities or individuals are displaced, it is likely that production systems are dismantled, kinship groups may be scattered, jobs may be lost, and social networks may collapse leading to a number of other socioeconomic problems. This involuntary resettlement study has given due consideration to the entire socioeconomic aspects of the people likely to be affected by the Atiak-Moyo road project.
Below are the specific objectives for resettlement and compensation:
* to ensure that resettlement and compensation measures contribute towards overall development within the communities by finding suitable land and supporting appropriate development opportunities; * to minimise adverse socio-cultural impacts on the conmmunities who may be displaced; * to involve all stakeholders, especially people likely to be affected, and district officials in developing the resettlement and compensation plan; * to provide fair compensation for land, crops, buildings and other assets where required, and especially to the disadvantaged; * to ensure adequate notification to move and to minimize the transition period of resettlement; and * to provide required social services for displaced communities where required.
14 The relevant legal frameworks required to effect land acquisition in Uganda are discussed below and the OP 4.12 of the World Bank has also been described and harmonisation of the different frameworks suggested.
2.3.3 National local legal framework
There are a number of national and local legal frameworks that regulate the land relations in Uganda. These frameworks define land rights and ownership and procedures and requirements of transfer and acquisition of land between individuals and groups. They also provide procedures for the acquisition of land by the state or a public body for public projects. Among the most important frameworks reviewed are: the Land Act 1998, the Local Governments Act 1 997, the Constitution of Uganda 1 995, the Land Acquisition Act 1965, the Road Act 1964, and district bye-laws on roads and settlement patterns in small towns and trading centers.
IheT Uganda Constitution (1992)
The Constitution of Uganda is the supreme law of the country and it provides the basis of all laws and regulations on land relations in Uganda. The cardinal principle of land relations provided by the Constitution is the right of the people of Uganda to own land and it entrenches that all land belongs to the people in Article 237:9. The Constitution also prescribes land tenure systeins under which land may be held as Customary, Leasehold, Mailo, and Freehold. In case of acquisition of land or other property by the government for public projects as in Article 237; 91 (a), the Constitution provides for the "prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation" in a transparent manner, prior to taking possession of land. Land relations in Uganda therefore remains in the domain of society as individual and group rights and the decision of how to relate in land issues remains the responsibility of individual owners. The provisions of the Constitution are therefore in tandem with the donor safeguard policies for acquiring land for public projects, which may result in involuntary resettlement.
* The LandAct (1998)
The Land Act 1998 provides procedures and the framework for the management of land affairs i n U ganda. T he l aw upholds the fundamental rights of every Ugandan to hold land in any of the applicable land tenure systems in the country. These are Customary, Mailo, Leasehold and Freehold land tenure systems. It also upholds the right to fair and just compensation for land acquired for public use and provides procedures for managing and resolving land disputes in Uganda. The law established a number of administrative institutions for the purpose of implemnenting the Land Act 1998 including the following: Uganda Land Commission (ULC), District Land Board (DLB) and Parish Land Committees (PLC). The Land Act also provides for land dispute resolution tribunals and these are; the District Land Tribunal, Sub-county Land Tribunal and Parish Land Tribunal.
15 Furthermore, the Land Act 1998 provides for valuation principles for compensation and compensation rates to be approved by District Land Boards. Discussions with district officials indicate the land tribunals and administrative institutions are in place in the districts of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu. T he C hief Administrative Officer (CAO) and District surveyors of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu all reported that compensation rates for both I and and properties such as buildings and crops are in p lace and have forwarded them to the Valuers involved in the Valuation of properties exisiting along Atiak-Moyo road. Cost estimates made in this report are based on the compensation rates obtained from by the three districts of the road project The compensation rates were developed by the District Land Board after carrying out consultations with the communities.
* The Local Governments Act 1997
The Local Governments Act, 1997 provides for the system of local govermnents, which is based at the district. Under the district there are lower local govermments and administrative units. This system provides for elected councils. The Chairperson nominates executive committees of each council. The functions of this Committee include: (i) initiating and formulating policy for approval of council; (ii) overseeing the implementation of the government and c ouncils, policies and monitoring and coordinating the activities of non-governmental organisations in the district; and (iii) reviewing and solving disputes forwarded to it from lower local governments.
The Act has significant relevancy to the road project in that it provides for the implementation of government policies and enforcement of laws including those that affect the road and transport sector. It also gives powers to local governments to receive and s ettle d isputes i ncluding t hose that m ay arise from road projects such as this one. The Act can also be used for implementing, monitoring and evaluating resettlement programmes.
* The Land Acquisition Act (1965)
The Land Acquisition Act 1965 made provisions for the procedures and method of compulsory acquisition of land for public utility whether on temporary or permanent basis. The Minister responsible for land, that is at the moment the one of Water, Lands and Environment (MWLE), may authorize any person to enter upon any land and survey the land, dig or bore the subsoil or any other thing necessary for ascertaining whether it is suitable for a public interest.
According to this Act, the Uganda Government would pay compensation to any person whose land is acquired for public projects. The' Attorney General presides over the
16 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Demographic and Socio-economic Profile
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the demographic and socioeconomic profile of the population along the Atiak-Moyo road. The list of households surveyed is shown in Annex .1. The demographic structure of the population is presented by the age distribution and the sex composition of the population.
To understand the nature ofthe social and economic organisation ofthe population likely to be affected by the road project, a socioeconomic profile ofthe population has also been presented in this chapter. The socioeconomic profile is important for planners to know the social structure of the population and their distribution to inform resettlement planning. The following variables have been used to describe the socioeconomic profile of the population: education, occupation and place of residence. In addition, the livelihood systems, location of livelihood activities, household property including houses, and land, and land tenure systems are also presented to provide a basis for assessing the impact of the road project on communities. The consumption patterns of households have also been described to assess the socioeconomic status of the population. In this report, West Madi refers to Moyo District, East Madi is Adjumani District; and Kilak refers to Atiak. The names used refer to counties in these districts. Unlike the other two, Adjumani is a one-county district.
3.2 Demographic profile
The background characteristics of the population have been divided into sex, age, household size and district, county and sub-county of residence.
3.2.1 Population to be affected
The population that will be affected FSgur3.1 Peeontpditbiabondonby by the Atiak-Moyo tyeof road wnpW bvAakM dp 4696 development project is presented in Figutre 3.1 and they are in the three ___ districts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo. Communities will be affected a directly and indirectly. Comnmunities I 8 c Ma. that will be directly affected by the Ktk road are those who live in close Kgk proximity to the road and these are *10 30 40 50 60 70 within 15 metres on either side ofthe I
21 road and are found in Kilak county of Gulu district, and Adjumani and Moyo districts. Overall the population that will be directly affected by the road project is estimated at 4697, distributed as 10%/o in the Atak-Ayugi sectors in Kilak County, 60% in the Ayugi- Laropi sector in Adjumani district and 300/o in the Laropi-Moyo sector in Moyo district The detailed description of the population directly affected is presented in the following sections.
Overall 210,342 people were reported to be living in the 7 sub-counties through which the Ataik-Moyo road project passes. Many of these people may be direcdy or indirectly affected by the road project. However, for many of them, the impacts will be positive. The majority of the population is in East Moyo and West Moyo counties. A few are located in Atiak sub-county. The distribution of the population by sex and sub-county is presented in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Percentage distribution of the population living in the sub-counties through which Atiak-Moyo road passes by sex
District Sub-county Ditribution by sex Male Female Total Gulu Atiak 12876 13258 26134 Adjwnani Adropi 22521 23789 46310 Pakele 14366 14656 29022 Dzaipi 14582 13982 28464 Moyo Moyo 15822 16407 23229 Metu 13741 13526 27267 Dufie 10917 9899 20816 Total 104825 105517 210342 Source: Sub-county Development plans, 2002-2005
3.2.2 Population by sex and age
The baseline survey collected infonnation on all persons who spent the previous night in the household regardless of whether they are usual u3.2 Perc=geobitabonofthepopu alng fe residents or visitors. The informnation collected is presented in Figure 3.2 and it Total shows the percentage 45+ distribution of household 3544 members by sex and age. O25t4i 18-24 lFmls
The figure shows the percent 10-17 |nks distribution of household 5-9 I members by age and sex. 04_
0 20 40 60 80 100 PercergerI 22 Overall, the data shows that there are slightly more females (51%) than males (49%), which brings the sex ratio of the combined population in the three sections of the road to 0.95. The sex and age distribution shows a significant deficit of males at ages 18-24 and 25-34 years. The population of children aged 0-17 years of age constitutes 55% of the population along the Atiak-Moyo road indicating that the population is very young. has two implications. This First, it implies high population growth potentials; and secondly, high dependency ratio hence a high demand for social services especially in the area of health and education both of which also happen to be of concern to the Government of Uganda and development partners including The World Bank. In addition, the figure shows that at age groups 0-4 and 45 or more, there are more males than females and the reverse is true for females at ages 18-24 and 25-34.
3.2.3 Household size
The mean household size of the entire population along the Atiak-Moyo road is approximately 5.6. This means that in every household that will be affected on average there are 5.6 persons. The distribution of households by family size is presented in Annex 1. The Annex shows that most households have at least 4-6 people in the household. few households A in Pakele and Adjumani have up to 7 people. The resettlement implications for households with large family sizes is an important issue to be considered in resettlement planning if resettlement becomes a necessary project condition for the road
3.2.4 Distribution by the population county
Differentials by county show that the population along the Atiak-Ayugi section of the road is thinner than that along the Ayugi-Laropi and Laropi Moyo sections of the road and this is presented in Figure 3.3.
It is important to note that the population in this region, especially the Atiak- . Ayugi section of the road has suffered AiDed byicun from a long and devastating war between the Government of Uganda and the Lords Resistance Anny (LRA). This war has taken its toll on all infrastructures including the Atiak-Moyo 29. \ :.X road. The warhas displaced many ofthe . population living along this 16 kilometre .j:. section of the road to Atiak town, which 64.4 explains why the population density along this section of the road is very low. Key informants in Atiak Trading Centre reported that the majority of the
23 population living in the Trading Centre comes from along the Atiak-Moyo road where their ancestral homes are. A community meeting observed that the population would like to return to their homes and engage in productive activities and would do so as soon as the war comes to an end.
"We are here by force, we were forced to come here by the war and have lost a lot of productive time over the last 10 or so years. We were a happy community says this old man, working hard and gainfully. Now we are depending on relief, our children are sick and we are very poor" (Community member, Atiak Trading Centre).
Although the population disruption by the 16 year old war in the Ayugi-Laropi section of the road was not to the scale and severity of that experienced along the Atiak-Ayugi section of the road, it also had some devastating effects on the settlement pattern and thereby the productivity level of communities between Ayugi river and Pakele Trading Centre. The most affected communities in this section are those around Dzaipi Trading Centre, which was totally destroyed by the war. The Local council authority here reports:
"Dzaipi was a growing Trading Centre mainly before the wars especially before the Kony Rebellion in the 1990s. Its strategic location at a junction to the Sudan border made this possible. Most traders to and from Sudan were passing here ferrying agriculturaland manufacturedgoods to Sudan. This was stopped by the war since rebels frequently raidedthe population destroyingproperty and abductingpeople on their way. This has forced people here to migrate temporarily awayfrom the Centre. Most of these people have now moved from Dzaipi Trading Centre to P akele and A djumani trading centres making these places now focal points for growth in Adjumani District (LC official; Dzaipi).
The rehabilitation of the road is expected to facilitate the growth of focal points like Pakele and Adjumani (Plate I and 2) into an engine of growth with facilities and services that should promote production activities in the hinterland of these trading centres.
24 Plate 1: Pakele Trading Centre developmg gradually and sustainably
.~ Ja
Development of the road will facilitate the growth of trading centers like Afiak, Dzaipi, Pakele, Adjumani Laropi, Metu and Moyo which will in turn increase production in their hinterland The hinterland of these emerging trading centres have a huge agricultural potential that can be revolutionised and cause social and economic transfornation of the population in this region.
Plate 2: A petrol station in Adjumani Town Council located along the Highway.__ Atiak-Moyo ______
25 Easy availability of services like fuel will increase the number of vehicles on the road for transporting goods and providing passenger services. This will significantly reduce the cost of transportation and eventually make a significant contribution to growth and development.
3.3 Socio-economic characteristics
In assessing the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, the following variables, which infact are some of the variables used to estimate human poverty index (HPI) and human development index (HDI), have been used.
3.3.1 Educational levels
Education is one of the factors that affect the quality of life and has been known to be a major determinant of development. There has been a growing evidence that associates the level of education w ith the I evel o f p roduction a ssuming that other factors remain normally distributed in a population. Data in Table 3.2 show that overall, 21% of the population aged 5 years and older have not attended any formal schooling and over 55% have attained p rimary e ducation. F urthermore, the table shows that about 24% ofthe population aged 5 years or older have received some secondary education. As expected the under 5 years constitute the largest population of those without education (93%) and those aged 5-19 years constitute the bulk (94%) of the primary school going population perhaps reflecting the contribution of the Universal Primary Education (UPE) to the current level of participation in education.
However, this othenrise impressive educational statistics has been frequently disrupted by the war in Gulu District and Kilak County in particular through which the road passes. The war has caused the displacement of a large population in the area, forced to lead a life of destitution in internally displaced peoples(D)Ps) camps.
26 Table 3.2 Percentage distribution of household population by education N-1660
Age Hi ghest level of schooling attined None Prunary Secondaiy Total .______or higher 0-4 years 92.5 7.5 0.0 5-9 292 28.6 71.4 0.0 269 10-14 5.3 93.5 1.2 245 15-19 12.4 78.7 9.0 20-24 178 20.9 62.0 17.1 129 25-29 36.7 51.7 11.7 30-34 120 35.8 56.0 8.3 109 35-39 32.0 54.6 13.4 40-44 97 35.6 46.7 17.8 45 45-49 50.0 40.9 9.1 50+ 44 years 50.0 42.4 7.6 132 Total 37.8 56.3 6.0 1660 l Missing cases - - - 117 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo road project. 3.3.2 Household headship
The age, marital status and activity status of the head of household is an important measure of vulnerability. These characteristics affect in a significant manner the ability of the household to provide health, adequate nutrition, clothing, housing, education and many of important social amenities for the household. This emanates from the traditional role of the importance attached to the head of household as the provider and protector of the social needs of the unit. In this regard, the above characteristics of heads of households were investigated.
3.3.2.1 Sex of head of household
Household headship has been described by sex of the head of Figure 3.4 Peragedsbt nhof holds by sex of household and age. The distributions presented in Figure 3.4 show that 82% of the heads of households are male ! Total and only l 18% are female. This is | Ak consistent with the patrilineal social lFemaler system of the societies in this region vOestMoyw where authority in the household is E.FWOYO ~ .. ,v, vested in males and passed down from lineage to lineage. l However, 18% of o 10 20 30 40 eo 60 701 0 0 households are headed by females, the Pel
27 majority of whom are in the Atiak-Ayugi sector of the road followed by the Ayugi-Laropi sector of the road. Eighteen percent of female headed households is a significant proportion The rights of these people have to be protected since they are socially weak and often vulnerable to deprivation in the absence of clear policy guidelines on distribution of resources. This is especially true in the case of compensations where often women do not have rights over property especially land or even household cash.
Key informant interviews and community focus group discussions in Atiak indicated that widowhood and separations have been the main causes of female headed households. In the Ayugi-Moyo sector of the road, widowhood and away husbands who work and live elsewhere are the main causes of female headed households.
"Many women here who head households are married, but their husbandswork in other places and live there. Some are widows " (Community FGD, DzaipiJ.
3.3.2.2 Age of head of household
The distribution by age shows that most household heads were aged 35 or more years. Fd e3.5 Perentage However 0.3% of household heads were aged hosehods byage under 1 8 years indicating that they are children. Age is an imnportant indicator of vulnerability in property relations. The young and old are more 0.3 vulnerable to property abuse than the middle 427 our19 age especially in a customary property relation Sig-4 regime. Data in Figure 3.5 indicates that there 57( 135 or more is no apparent vulnerable group heads of household to the risk of deprivation on the account of their age.
3.3.2.3 Marital status of head of household
As expected, many of the heads of Figure 3.6 Percerage distrAon of heads of households households are mamred. Data in by d nN-103 5 Figure 3.6 show that 88% of heads of households were married. Only 12% so were single, most of these are 70 . widowed, displaced, separated or 5o divorced. Culturally, marital status is an important attribute, which has 2 implications for property relations. o Othem This is especially the case with tiffOr women. Women not in marriage due to widowhood, separation and divorce Maeital satus and occupation
28 are more vulnerable to deprivation than their male counterparts.
3.3.3 Occupation
Activity status/occupation is one of the factors that determine the livelihood patterns of all households because it is a determinant of income. In the baseline, the occupation of a household mernber can be used as proxy for income. Data presented in Figure3.6 shows that overall 77%, 22% and 1% of heads of household are farmers, people in the formal labour sector and pupils/students, respectively. This indicator is further discussed under livelihood systems.
3.4 Livelihood systems
Livelihood systems are important since they provide the basis of not only the household economy, but also of the communities along the Atiak-Moyo road and of the three districts. To establish the livelihood systems, the heads of households along the road in the three sub-counties were asked to report their main source of livelihood and the results are presented in Plate 3 and Table 3.3.
Plate 3: Shows the main livelihood activity as subsistence agriculture
29 The figure shows crop farming at the subsistence level which is the main livelihood activity in the region and especially among communities along the Atiak-Moyo road project area.
The table shows that the majority of households along the Atiak-Moyo road, 87%, earn their livelihood from cultivation. About 30% reported that they earn their livelihood from livestock rearing and 17% are involved in trading. Rent, pensions, dividends and remittances are very insignificant sources of livelihood.
Differentials by county show that whereas more households are involved in crop farning in Kilak County than in East and West Moyo counties, the later two have more households involved in livestock rearing and trading. Lack of livestock rearing in Kilak county could be explained by the war in the area. Apart from crossings, all livestock activities do not take place along the highway. The road project will therefore have virtually no impact on livestock farming. Overall, it is clear from Table 3.3 that agriculture is the main production activity in the region. Building the Atiak-Moyo road would contribute to this sector in a positive manner and improve the economy of the region significantly.
Community focus group discussions indicate that crop farming is the main livelihood activity along the 91 Km Atiak-Moyo road. Livestock rearing is however, also practiced alongside crop farming. Livestock farming in this region has been disrupted by the wars that characterised the region since 1979. Community meetings along the road all stated that livestock rearing was one of the important economic activities in the area.
"Livestock rearing itas one of the important means of income in this area, but it has been difficzult to reviv c livestock rearingas an economic activity because ofwars " (Dzaipi sub- coulnnt9
Table 3.3 Percentage distribution of households by main means of livelihood N=1035
Counties Means of livelihood West Movo East Moyo Kilak Total Cultivation of crops 85.6 87.1 92.1 87.1 Trading 20.8 17.0 4.8 17.0 Livestock rearing 33.2 30.4 15.9 30.0 Rent 0.0 0.8 3.2 0.8 Pension 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 Dividends 0.5 0.1 1.6 0.3 Remittances 6.9 1.7 6.3 3.0 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project.
30 3.4.1 Encroachment on the road
The location of livelihood activity is important for the assessment of the impact of the Atiak-Moyo road development project since location of livelihood activities and settlements can be considered to be a measure of encroachment on the road reserve. It will for example determine compensation or resettlement or both. In this regard heads of households were asked to report the location of their livelihood activity and the results are presented in Table 3.4. The table shows that 62% ofthe households reported that the livelihood activity was carried on around the homestead. Only 42% and 41% of households reported that they carried their livelihood activities in the farm and along the highway respectively. Most activities on the road involve crop farming, tethering of goats and sheep, and small scale trading (Plate 4). The households that livelihood carry their activities along the highway have implications for both compensation resettlement. and
Plate 4: Subsistence farming as the main livelihood activities located along the Atiak-Moyo road
*.r -: a - _' ' 1
Differentials by county indicate that more households in Kilak county (68%) than in West (39%) and East (40%) Moyo counties have their livelihood activities located the along highway. The high proportion of livelihood activities with close proximity road to the is mainly due to the high level of insecurity in the hinterland of the roads.
31 Table 3.4 Percentage distribution of households by the location of livelihood activity N=1035
County Location of West Moyo East Moyo Kilak Total livelihood activityv Around household 73.3 60.4 44.4 61.9 Farm 33.7 47.9 0.0 42.2 Along highway 38.6 39.9 68.3 41.4 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project.
Overall, Table 3.4 shows that 41% of the households are close to the road indicating a high risk of losing property partially or totally to the road project Plate 5 shows a cluster of the traditional settlement systems along the road.
Plate 5: A cluster of traditional huts in close proximity with the road
- | _~~~~~~~-
This is a dominant settlement pattem on the Dzaipi-Moyo stretch of the road. Some of the household property that may be totally or partially lost are included in Table 3.5 and they include land, buildings and crops. However, impacts on buildings particularly of temporary nature will be mainly air and dust pollution rather than relocation
32 Table 3.5 shows that about 40% of the households reported that they would lose land to the road. About 73% of these are in West Moyo, and 60% are in East Moyo. Only 44% of those who reported they may lose land are in Atiak area. Furthermore, 36% of the households along the road reported that they will lose crops to the road project. Of these 30%, 26% and 52% are in West Moyo, East Moyo and Atiak area, respectively. Only 5% of households reported they may lose their houses or huts and most of these are in West Moyo (6%) and East Moyo (5%). However, critical assessment of project impacts indicated that only one house of a permanent nature will be affected in Ama TC since more than half of the strucure lies within the 15 metre road reserve. In the Atiak area, no household reported they may lose huts to the road.
Furthermore, emerging settlement systems using permanent structures are gradually developing along the road especially in the emerging trading centres. These buildings such as those in Plate 6 (Amua TC in Metu) which are close to the road will not be significantly affected.
Plate 6: Permanent buildings along the Atiak-Moyo road
jiI
33 Table 3.5 Percentage distribution of households by risk of losing property to the Atiak-Moyo road project N=1035
County where household is found Type of property West Moyo East Moyo Atiak Total
at risk ______Land 38.2 37.6 66.7 39.8 Buildings/huts 5.6 5.4 0.0 5.2 Crops 30.3 25.7 52.4 36.1 Grazing area 4.7 2.2 0.0 3.9 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project.
Another item that may be lost as a result of the road project are the Muvule trees. These trees were planted on both sides of the road by the colonial administration. They are now the propertry of the local govemments. Plate 7 shows the locations of these trees in Pakele TC, one of the main trading centres along the road. The figure shows that these trees are within the road reserve.
Plate 7: Muvule trees at Pakele Trading Centres along the Atiak-Moyo road
Nof.
_ , -
34 3.5 Land ownership
The m ost i mportant p roperty t hat m ay b e I ost t o t he A tiak-Moyo r oad p roject i s land. Knowledge of land ownership is important since it defines rights to land and may be used to identify the right to the use and transfer of land. In this respect, heads of households were probed about the ownership of the land used for their livelihood activity. The results, presented in Table 3.6, show that overall the majority of households (64%) used customary land followed by 15% and 12% who reported they used privately owned and privately hired land for their livelihood activities, respectively.
Households in Kilak County (62%) reported more privately owned land than in West and East Moyo counties where the use of customary land was reported to be the main source of land for their livelihood activities.
Table 3.6 Percentage distribution of households by ownership of land used for household livelihood and the land tenure system in the area N=1035
County Land ownership West Moyo East Moyo Kilak Total Private own land 13.9 12.1 61.9 15.5 Private borrowed land 10.4 13.2 0.0 11.9 Customary land 65.3 66.2 39.7 64.4 Public land 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 Hired land 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.8 Land tenure system Customary 76.7 81.4 90.5 81.1 Freehold 3.5 4.2 1.6 3.9 Leasehold 10.9 5.1 0.0 5.9 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project.
3.6 Land tenure system
The land tenure system in northem Uganda where the Atiak-Moyo road project is to take place is largely customary tenure. This is the type of ownership system which is govemed by collective ownership by a group of persons usually of the same lineage. There are no written laws or regulations prescribing ownership. However, a very important unwritten contract is that individual members have user rights to whatever piece they hold, but do not have rights of transfer of ownership. Table 3.6 shows that 81% of the households reported that they own land under customary land tenure system. Data on the three counties also show that land is owned and used under customary system.
35 However, about 4% and 6% of households reported that they owned land under freehold and leasehold systems. Most of these are in trading centres in West and East Moyo counties. Notable among these centres are Dzaipi, Olia, Pakele, Ara, Laropi and Amua.
Community focus group discussions and Key Informants reported that land ownership is regulated by the land tenure system. In these communities, the customary land tenure system regulates all matters of land relations and makes land available without sale for all members of the customary group. However, sale of land to people outside the customary group may be prohibited under certain clan conditions. One of these was reported to be the unclear or unknown background of a person wishing to acquire land.
3.7 Household assets
The baseline survey inquired asset holdings of households along the road in order to assess their socioeconomic status and the results are presented in Figure 3.7. The figure shows that the main assets of households in the three counties can be divided into two categories. The first were durable Fow 3.7 P m e W ki dh assets, which included land (100%), PO Nsbty s grass thatched huts (92%), radios (63%), bicycles (3 5%). Other durable possessions commonly , Pagaal found are agricultural implements and these include hoes (a 00%) and pangas (46%). In all the threeU_ counties covered by the road, only e . O 8% of the households along the Hu -_ W road have a permanent house and 0 20 40 60 80 1IW most of these are found in trading Poe centres.
Community FGDs and Key Infornants consider seriously issues relating to land since this is regarded as the most important asset a household has. Considering that it is not movable like assets such as radios, bicycles and other implements and domestic wares, a full compensation at the market rate is expected. The following statement from a community leader in Dzaipi summarises the perspectives of the population in the area about land relations.
"Matters regardingland is increasinglybecoming a majorsourceofconcern. Unlike in the past when land was plenty and people could surrenderland, today people do not surrenderor even give, land. Even customary land "Abi ebeni "(the one inheritedfrom ancestors) is nowt, owned by those who sit on it " (Community LeaderDzaipi).
36 3.8 Consumption and expenditure patterns Figure 3.8 PeIntage dsnumtbon of households by
Consumption pattem is an indicator of the well-being of a population and that of the hoLolii constituent households. Consumption patterns v fmnpemrft may be assessed at two levels: the durable X consumption items and none durable e cb - consumptions items. However, to assess the l consumption behaviour as a socioeconomic EdoucaaWan indicator of well-being, the baseline survey I 4 Z collected data on durable items the households 0 10 20 30 40 50 bought over the last 12 months and the results are presented in Figure 3.8. The figure shows that the households spend their income on some of the following items: men's clothing, female's clothing and children's clothing. This altogether accounted for the largest share (45%) of household expenditure on durable items. The rest of the 10% were spent on household implements -including plastic water containers commonly called jerricans, plastic plates, plastic cups, enamel and metallic utensils. The balance of 45% was spent on education expenses, which included school fees, school uniforms and other scholastic materials.
3.9 Impacts on social services
The impact of the road project on access to social services was probed. In this respect heads of households were asked about the effect the road will have on their access to education and health services. If these effects are found to be major, it would require re- establishing them in the new sites of resettlement The results on the impact of the road on these services are presented in Table 3.7.
3.9.1 Education
Education is one of the social services that may be affected if resettlement becomes a necessary condition for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Atiak-Moyo road. Many of the educational institutions, especially the primary schools were built at urban centres where the population size can justify their establishment. Plate 8 shows one of the schools recently built in one of the locations along the road. Resettlement may lead to under utilisation of such facilities. However, the location of most school buildings is more than 200 metres away from the road indicating that none ofthe school infrastructure will be affected by the road project.
37 Plate 8: A primary school in Adjumani along the Atiak-Moyo
Population density is higher along the road, which is the settlement pattern in this area. This settlement pattern was motivated by easy access to transport for both humans and goods, and more recently insecurity caused by insurgency in the villages further inland. Data in Table 3.8 show that a large number of households, 89%/o, in the three counties would stand to miss access to primary education for their children if they were to be displaced by the road project Differentials by county show that East Moyo county with 92% followed by West Moyo with 83% and lastly Atiak with 83% will be affected.
However, no households will lose access to secondary and tertiary education since resettlement of educational services will occur.
Table 3.7 Percentage distribution of households by education impact by county
County Type of services West Moyo East Moyo Kilak Total.| Education 1 Primary 82.7 91.6 82.5 89.3 Secondary 34.7 44.0 1.6 39.6 Tertiary 16.3 1.8 0.0 4.5 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project.
3.9.2 Health facilities
The baseline survey also inquired about the effects of resettlement on access to the nearest health facility. In this respect health facilities were ranked into 5 grades. Table
38 3.8 shows that a total of 937, approximately 90% of the households reported that they would lose access to health facilities if they have to be resettled elsewhere. However, no resettlement of health services will occur hence no loss of access to existing health facilities will be required. Health facilities are located in areas where the human population size justifies its location. Differentials by county indicate that Kilak county will be the most affected.
Table 3.8 Percentage distributions of households by impact on health facility by county
County Types of health West Moyo East Moyo Kilak facilities
Health facility I 48.0 17.2 0.0 Health facility II 2.3 6.9 98.2 Health facility m 15.6 53.7 1.8 Health facility IV 6.9 21.5 0.0 Health facility V 7.5 0.3 0.0 Total 18.5 75.6 6.0 Source: Socio-economic survey data, Atiak-Moyo Road project. 3.9.3 Markets
Markets are the main sources of many household needs in these communities. They FasFgjea9 Ps~em dftxNftWbyUu are also the main outlets for the sale of locally produced commodities. It is therefore important to assess the impact relocation of communities and households will have on the K . - market systems along the road and the results l are presented in Figure 3.9. The figure 2 . -. 'r: '. shows that overall, 73% of the households 8 reported that they will lose access to the present market systems. The most affected households are in Kilak County with (75%) of households and the least affected l households are in West Moyo County with 65% of households.
39 I CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Project Impacts on the Human Environment 4.1 Introduction
The upgrading of the Atiak-Moyo road (92 kIn) project will affect about 1000 people whose properties lie along the highway. At least more than 700,000 people will benefit indirectly from the project, moreover, only those settled along the highway are likely to lose their properties. Properties likely to be affected are land, trees, crops and one permnanent structure which is a business premises belonging to a trader in Ara TC in Adropi Sub-county, Adjumani district. The trading centres, which will be directly affected by the road project, are Metu, Laropi, Pakele, Dzaipi, and Atiak. However, there will also be positive impacts due to the road development project, including but not limited to increased economic activities, reduced costs of transport and, more employment. T he i mpacts o f the road project on the human enviromnent are detailed below.
4.2 Positive Impacts on the Social Environment
Presently, due to the poor road conditions movement of traders to urban centres like Gulu and Kampala from Moyo and Adjumani districts are highly restrictive thus limiting trading and other economic activities in the two districts. Transportation of commodities from Gulu, Lira and Kampala is thus expensive. This has resulted in high prices of commodities in the project area; and few people practicing trade. Other economic activities constrained by the poor road infrastructure are export of commodities from central region to Moyo, Adjumani and Southem Sudan.
Although the development of the Atiak-Moyo Road will have some negative impacts on the human population, particularly those who own properties along the road, a number of positive impacts are likely to result from the rehabilitation of the road.
Once rehabilitated, the Atiak-Moyo road will facilitate the growth of the economy of the region through increased trade resulting from cheap means of transport.
Creation of emplovment: The development of the Atiak-Moyo road will result in increased e conomic activities and h ence c reation o f employment opportunities. Cheap transport costs will encourage the development of trade in the area, which will typically assist in creation of employment for the people in the project area.
40 * Improved accessibilin:. The project will significantly improve access to the districts of Adjumani, Movo and Yumbe in Uganda, and Nimnule, Juba and Kajokaji in Southem Sudan. from other parts of the country. Presently, it takes more than four hours to cover the 92 km road stretch largely due to the poor condition of the road instead of less than two hour. This has made the northern districts difficult to access. Once rehabilitated, accessibility will be significantly enhanced. The road development will further improve access to the urban centres of Gulu, Lira, Masindi and Kampala from the three northern districts.
* Increased Urbanisationand service delivery
The development of the Atiak-Moyo road will significantly contribute to the development of major trading centres along the highway. The Trading Centres of Dzaipi, Pakele, Laropi and Metu will attract potential investors once the project is implemented. Clearly, delivery of services to the project area will improve once the road is rehabilitated. Presently, during the rain season, traveling to Atiak from Ayugi bridge by car (the border between Adjumani and Gulu districts) which is only 16 kms, takes about two hours largely due to poor conditions of the road surface. This poses a lot of security risks in an area where insecurity is still a pertinent problem. Responding promptly incase of security problem is quite difficult. Additionally, the project will enhance health services in the area. Typically, referral to Lacor Hospital in Gulu from Adjumani and Moyo hospitals are a common practise. However, due to poor road conditions, this service is greatly constrained. Once the road is rehabilitated, access to health service in Lacor will greatly improve.
* Increased Mobility and Reduced transport costs: Presently, operating costs for vehicles are quite high due to the poor surface of the Atiak-Moyo road. It is expected that the development of the 92 km road will greatly reduce the cost of vehicle maintenance and general transport costs. The improved road surface will lead to reduction in time taken on the road from one part to another. This will in turn lead to increased availability of essential commodities and reduction in their prices in the project area.
* Improved social conditions: The project will further lead to improvement in the conditions of the population in both the direct impact zone as well as those in the entire project area. The socio-economic status, social relation, and household incomes will increase a s a r esult o f t he i mprovement o f t he 9 2 km road. T hese will typically be a direct consequence of the physical mobility and availability of market information, improved access to social services, like health, education, as well as agricultural inputs and imported goods. This is of a great importance since the majority of the people in the project area are living below the povertv line.
41 4.3 Effects on Women
As it is the case in the entire country, and as noted by the survey and presented in chapter 3 of this report, the number of women is often more than that of their male counterparts. Women therefore represent a special interest group. T he p opulation o f w omen districts i n t he of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu will be affected in a significant way rehabilitation by the of the Atiak-Moyo road. The following are some of the positive impacts of the road project on women in the area: * easing their mobility particularly in accessing health services, markets and essential commodities;
* increased incomes and cheaper prices- for essential commodities. Market conditions for farm products will also increase. Women in the project area engage heavily in agriculture both for subsistence and commerce. Enhanced trade in agriculture produce will increase their ability in supporting their families, a responsibility which unfortunately the male population feels is exclusively for women.
* provision of job opportunities: during the construction of the road, many women, especially those settled along the highway will benefit fom food vending. The women wil] also sell other commodities to construction workers, while some will find employment at the Work}ers' camp. Other positive benefits of the project to the entire population of the area compensation include: benefits, improved security, associated economic growth; and general enhancement of incomes of people.
4.4 Negative impacts on the Social environment Broadly, the negative impacts of the development of the Atiak-Moyo Road will minimal be and with no major adverse impacts. Anticipated impacts include but may limited not be to: loss of housing ( only one permanent structure and no temporary structure) and household facilities, traffic hazards, noise and dust pollution, land take, and health hazards. Details of these are as below:
* loss of housinzg and householdfacilities. Typically, a good number of houses permnanent (both and temporary) housing structures, pit latrines, bath shelters and other public utility structures will be affected by the road rehabilitation project. Pakele trading centre, which has many buildings erected close to the existing Atiak-Moyo road will be most affected, followed by Metu and Dzaipi respectively. However, no structure will be demolished nor relocated except one business premise at Ara TC in Adropi Sub-county, Adjumani district while others will be affected by dust and air pollution construction. during Most houses which are likely to be affected are business premises
42 especially those in the trading centres. Outside the trading centres most houses the project will affect are of temporary nature.
* road safety: The rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road will lead to an improved road surface. This will result in over speeding by motorists and hence increased road safety risks especially among pedestrians, cyclists, livestock and those looking after them. At the trading centres of Metu, Laropi, Pakele and Dzaipi, and in one Internally Displaced Persons C amp n ear A tiak, p eople I ive c lose t o t he r oad, i ncluding c hildren. This poses a great risk due to speeding vehicles. Etele, Urukumbaa, Laropi, Meliaderi and Pagirinya Primary Schools are located very close to the Highway, (less than 50 metres away) and this is likely to increase traffic accidents among children caused by speeding trucks. Unless otherwise an awareness programn is implemented, road safety will be greatly compromised by the development of the Atiak-Moyo road.
Such program should target school children, sick people who visit P akele Dispensary, market attendants especially in Pakele and residents in trading centres, regarding road safety.
* Noise and Air Pollution: During construction phase there is likely to be increased noise from construction vehicles. With this will come dust and air pollution. However, this is expected to reduce with the completion of the construction phase. It is recommended that major trading centres along the highway should be watered regularly during construction in order to minimise dust pollution.
* Land Take: survey work indicated that 15 metres of either side of the road from the centre will be permanently acquired by the Government of Uganda (GoU) from private owners of the land in question. In the case of the Atiak-Moyo road, their owners will lose more than 5 metres in width of land along the road. Consequently, a few individuals and institutions who own land along the Atiak-Moyo Highway will be affected by permanent loss of land and will have to be compensated. These people will lose grazing land, land for crop cultivation and other land usages. Typically, they will be disturbed and inconvenienced unless otherwise properly compensated for loss of this valuable property. It is recommended that they get full, fair and timely compensation for loss of their land. Additionally, they should be paid disturbance allowance so that they may continue with normal life. In addition to land take, a number of properties are likely to be taken and / or lost by the road project. Among them are valuable trees, and crops, both seasonal and perennial crops will be affected. In the trading centres of Metu, Laropi, Pakele and Dzaipi, mumvule trees, which were planted long ago by the colonialists, will be mainly affected. Other trees to be affected are mango and teak. For example about 20 teak trees belonging to Balla Senior Secondary School in Pakele sub- countv fall within the road reserve and will be destroyed by the road project.
* Health:- Spread of infectious diseases is anticipated especially during the construction phase. During project implementation especially due to importation of
43 manpower from other urban centres, increased HIV/AIDS infections are anticipated. Those likely to spread STDs, HIV/AIDS will include mainly labourers, truck drivers and other travelers. These people will mix socially and freely with the local communities. Increased income and population influx will r esult i n i ncreased p rostitution a nd h ence spread of diseases including HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Increased AIDS awareness is thus required. The importation of outside casual labour should also be limited in number.
4.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures for the Negative Impacts
Although the negative impacts of the road project on the human environment is minimal, there is nevertheless need to put in place some measures to mitigate associated impacts. The following are the recommended measures.
* Loss of Housing and householdfacilities
Clearly, both local and intemational safeguard policies require that people should not be left worse off, by the activities of a development project. It is therefore recommended by the study that for any loss of physical structures, land and agricultural production, compensation should be provided to the affected persons and institutions. Rates and procedures for handling compensation claims must follow specific guidelines and must involve careful and detailed approach and must be done in a transparent manner. The affected districts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo, have compensation rates, which should be applied as required by both local and international laws. A disturbance allowance equivalent to 15% of the property affected should be paid.
* Road Safety: A significant amount of traffic will result both during and after construction. To minimise traffic accidents, especially among children, it is recommended that speed limits are imposed on truck drivers. Humps are recommended for major trading centres. schools and health centres in the project area. For additional risk management. road safety awareness program is also recommended, targeting communities in the trading centres, schools and health centres regarding road safety. The Community Development office should be asked to conduct the awareness in collaboration witlh the Uganda Road Safety Council for inputs. Radio Paidha and MEGA FMs in Gulu can be particularly useful.
* Noise anzd dutst Pollutionz: In minimizing noise and dust pollution, especially during the construction phase, the contractor should water the Trading Centres of Metu, Laropi, Pakele and Dzaipi. Parts of Adjumani Town Council should also benefit. In addition, speed limits be enforced in areas of high population presence.
* Land Take: I t i s r ecommended that full c ompensation b e p aid t o the households, individuals and private institutions, whose land will be affected by the road project.
44 Where required, resettlement of those affected be undertaken, so that they may continue wvith normal life.
The socio-economists have explained extensively, the reasons for land take to the affected people particularly during the focus group discussions. The total cost of all affected properties is included in the central documents for the payment of all compensation through the Consultant/firm RAFU should hire to administer the compensation process.
* Permanent Land Take: For all the land, the project will take permanently; compensation should not be less than the market value for land in a particular area of the project. These should include crops, buildings and mature trees. The price to pay should be governed by local laws.
* Temporary Land take: For land to be used temporarily it is recommended that the contractor make all necessary arrangements subject to the following reasons:
* Approval to the lease agreement, and the individual amounts of compensation by MOWH&C and the contractor;
* the inclusion of full reinstatement of land taken as specified in the agreement;
Health: To minimise project impact on the health of the population particularly, HIV/AIDS. the study proposes a comprehensive plan for health awareness campaign for both direct and indirect impact zones but concentrating on the site camps and neighbouring areas in particular. Broadly, a first - aid, welfare and safety standards should be provided and observed which shall be equal to those laid down by the MoH for industrial s ites o f s imilar s ize and reemoteness and s hall b e to the approval of the Site Engineer. At least one person instructed in first-aid shall be present both at the Site compound, and at all locations where more than 10 workers are stationed.
* General STDs and HIV/AIDS alleviation measures. As an environmental management and monitoring strategy, the developer should put in place HIV/AIDS awareness mechanism especially in the workers camp and areas along the route of the works. The Developer, in collaboration with the line ministry should provide information, education and consultation services regarding HIV/AIDS and other STDS.
* To effectively implement this strategy, the Developer / Contractor shall ensure that a clinic is established in each site or else operate a mobile clinic. The clinic or health service should be suitably staffed and equipped for p re-testing, counselling, screening, and diagnosis of STDs and, HIV/AIDS cases within the site staff and labour. Each clinic should also provide free treatment of general STD cases, while the BIV/AIDS cases are
45 dealt with through the local National HIV/AIDS programme coordinated by the Ministry of Health.
* The Developer / Contractor should make available enough condoms to the extent that each project staff possesses at least 100 of them per year.
* The Developer / Contractor should ensure that for effectiveness and sustainability, STD and AIDS awareness campaigns are conducted in collaboration with the District Director of Health Services and local NGOs. In Moyo and Adjumani Districts implementation could be done jointly with MACI, (a local NGO carrying out HIV / AIDS awareness programmes) in the area.
* To m onitor the AIDS awareness programme the Developer / Contractor should hire specialists from the AIDS Information Centre or MACI (Madi AIDS Control Initiative) both of which have offices in Moyo and Adjuinani. The monitoring agents shall review the operations of the programme and train community leaders as well as health workers to collect data for further impacts assessment. They will further design m onitoring i ndicators t o b e u sed b y t hose trained to c ollect d ata regarding monitoring progress.
In order to minimize project impacts and optimize benefits of the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road, the following deliberate steps have been taken. Clearly, the following has so far been done:
* a base-line socio-economic study has been conducted which has resulted in the production of this report.
* a land survey to demarcate the extent of road construction is almost complete.
* a land and property assessment and registration has been completed
* it has been strongly recommended that the new road should follow the existing road alignment of the Atiak-Moyo road as closely as possible. This will minimise the amount of cut and borrow material required for the road construction project;
* in order to minimise land acquisition, only land required for road construction is to be disruptive.
The estimated cost of mitigating the adverse impacts associated with the rehabilitation and regravelling the Atiak-Moyo road is presented in Table 4.1.
46 Table 4.1 Estimated Cost for mitigation of project impacts
Activity to be mitigated Estimated Cost 1. Dust Pollution: (i) Watering of road during construction @ 10,000 x 91 km 910,000= 2. Total Compensation cost (Land, Buildings/Structures, Crops & Trees) 507,196,016=
3. Disturbance allowance plus other costs (15%) 76,079,402=
4. Health impacts (i) Establishment of Clinics at the site compounds x 3 x 5,000,000= 15,000,000= (ii) Medical Equipment 10,000,000= (iii) Transport (Van) 50,000,000= (iv) Fuel @ 15,800 x 480 days 7,584,000= (v) Driver's fees ( 200,000 x 24 4,800,000= (vi) Vehicle maintenance @ 200,000 x 24 4,800,000= (vii) HIV/AIDS awareness education (Seminars / education materials) 20,000,000= (viii) Fees for a doctor @ 1,000,000 x 24 24,000,000= (ix) Fees for a nurse @ 500,000 x 24 12,000,000= (x) Fees for laboratory technician ( 500,000= x 24 12,000,000= (xi) Fees for Counseling Officer @ 500,000 x 24 12,000,000= (xii) Fees for Cleaner @ 200,000 x 24 4,800,000= Sub-total 164,984,000= 5. Road Safety Campaigns 10,000,000= 6. Monitoring of mitigations implimentation 62,784,000= 7. Committee meetings allowances for 152 members and 20 members per each sitting x 2 x 9 @ 50,000 = x 2 + 10,000 = x 18 100,000 - 180,000 x 2 x 9 5,040,000= 280,000 x 2 x 9 8. Transport allowance for the Consultant/Land Officer meetings @ 100.000= x 20 2,000,000= 9. Transport allowance for LC I Chairpersons on Committee meetings @ 2,000 x 18 x 18 (sittings) 648,000=
10. Administrative Costs (5%) 41,482,071- GRAND TOTAL 871,123,489=
47 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Community Perspectives on the Atiak-Moyo Road Project
5.1 Introduction
Community perspectives about the Atiak-Moyo road is important in getting insights about a number of issues including the following: cultural and communal property, cutural and social cohesion, community mobilisation for the project, community participation in identification of resettlement alternatives and identification and protection of the interests of vulnerable groups. Also discussed are minimisation strategies and compensation modalities. Community perspectives are important for project planning and implementation. Knowledge of what the community percieves will go a long way in helping compensation and resettlement planning. The community perspectives study was done using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) which brought together men and women of communities living along the road to discuss main issues that pertain to the road project. Key stakeholders in the project area were also consulted.
The analysis of the community FGDs and Stakeholder interviews are presented in the following sections of this chapter. A full list of people consulted is presented as Annex 2.
5.2 Areas addressed by the community participation
The areas addressed by community participation that are relevant to the road project are discussed below:
5.2.1 Cultural and communal property
Cultural and community property were defined as sites of public good that provides for the aesthetic as well as the material welfare of the population. These included ritual grounds, spiritual sites such as churches and mosques and service centres such as health facilities, market places and schools. During community focus group discussions and in- depth interviews with district I eaders a nd t echnical p ersonnel i n t he a ffected areas, n o cultural or community property was found to be at the risk of being affected by the road project. The exception could be burial sites (graves) . However, no such sites were reported to the socio-economic survey team and hence are believed not to exist in the project area.
However, individual households may be deprived of some of the services if they are resettled in areas where there are no social services. This is probable because of lack of land for resettlement in the vicinity of these services. Clearly, no such relocations were identified by this study, thus there will be no cases of resettlements of communities.
48 5.2.2 Cultural and Social cohesion
The b aseline i dentified t hat t he s ettlement p attem i n t his area is in clusters such as in Plate 9. which bring together people of the same leneage. As a result, most of the communities in the project area live together within the same kinship systems. They exist as clans, except those in the trading centres, which are more cosmopolitan in character and c omposition. T he s tudy therefore found that the majority of the settlers belong to the same cultural groups except in a few areas.
When communities were asked how they would wish to be relocated if it became necessary, they prefered to be relocated in clusters as they exist now. The justification is that they have always lived as a community and share the same cultural and social values and therefore, could not be separated by the project if relocation becomes the only option. They are therefore, willing to be relocated, but as a community not individually. However, a few are willing to go their own ways if relocation became absolutely necessary.
Community resettlement is unlikely to be a feasible undertaking because of a number of reasons that the communities identified including the following: * lack of large tracks of land for resettlement of many households. This is because these households will need land not only for housing, but also for earning a living; * communities are unwilling to be resettled in areas where there are no social services such as schools and health facilities; * communities are also unwilling to be resettled in new communities with whom there may be no social or cultural homogeneity; * insecurity in the hinterland of the road was mentioned as an important factor in a resettlement programme; and * communities would like to be resettled in close proximity to the road.
49 Plate 9: Communal settlement pattern in Adjumani District
* . ~.~ - - - - - _ _
W_X~W-
5.2.3 Community participation in the project The study found out that communities in the affected areas were well informed about the project. District and community leaders consulted before the household survey mobilised the affected households for the baseline study. As a result, affected households showed maximum cooperation during the household baseline survey. The communities also proposed that if the project starts, they should be given the first opportunity and priority to work in the none technical jobs on the project The issue of employment of local people to participate in project implementation was over emphasised. LC m Chairpersons from the sub-counties of Metu, Dufile, Adropi, Pakele, Dzaipi and Atiak have requested that the road constructing company should be asked to recruit all unskilled labour from the communities in the project area.
5.2.3.1 Community mobilisation and participation strategy
As a requirement for this kind of project, and as a matter of strategy, public consultation and involvement in the Atiak-Moyo road rehabilitation is on going and will take place throughout the entire project cycle. Consultation with various stakeholders began from the time of signing of contract by the consultant and will continue until the project is
50 implemented by MOWHC. Various stakeholders including RAFU, Local Governments and LCs in the project area have been consulted.
Meetings. Consultative meetings with key stakeholders were held in Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo district headquarters. In each case the meetings were attended by local authorities, district technical personnel, sub-county chiefs, local councillors and representatives of special interest groups particularly women and youth.
Involvement of local Government and NGOs
Local authorities from LC 1 to LCV were consulted at various levels of the census exercise. At the project level the exercise was conducted with the assistance of the LCl executives of all the villages affected, and the respective local Parish and Sub-county Chiefs. Regarding, NGOs, no local NGO representatives attended the first consultative meetings at the district headquarters of Adjumani and Moyo.
5.2.4 Proposed compensation modalities
Compensation for buildings, land, crops and other forms of compensation was addressed by district leaders and community members during the discussions. The following are the suggested compensation modalities. * Communities suggested that compensation should be done in cash for any loss of land. However, a few individuals preferred a 'land for land' swap, especially in Metu sub-county where land is rather scarce. * Most communities proposed that compensation for building structures should be done in cash. However, a few, mainly the disadvantaged prefer a dwelling to be provided for them. * Communities proposed that compensation for crops be done in cash. * It was also proposed that compensation be made in one installment before residents are required to move. * Communities also proposed that they should be given adequate time to relocate to new sites. * A compensation committee be set up to implement the compensation exercise. This committee should consist of representatives from the community, from the (local councils) LCs, RAFU(Road Agency Formation Unit), from the Land office, District Land Board, Agriculture Department and other special interest groups to be represented on the committee.
5.2.5 Resettlement Alternatives
The World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 requires that any person affected by a road project like the one in question should be fairly and promptly compensated. The Policy further demands that affected persons must be resettled. This policy differs considerably with the Ugandan laws on resettlement which provides only for compensation while resettlement arrangements are left to the individual. Apparently, communities talked to, prefer the provision in the Ugandan law on resettlment rather than that of the World Bank. It became clear during community meetings that after compensation, individuals affected by the road project prefer to find alternative places for resettlement. However, communities also emphasized that where possible the road project should avoid or minimise resettlement of the population that may be affected. It was suggested emphatically that resettlement should only be carried out if it became absolutely necessary and as the only option.
5.2.6 Vulnerable groups
Vulnerable groups such as widows, single mothers, disabled persons, orphans, and landless persons were identified across the project area. However, this is more pronounced in Atiak sub-county where the 16 year-old insurgency has displaced most people along the 16 km stretch of the affected road. The displaced persons include widows, orphans and poverty stricken persons resulting mainly from the war. These people have left their land, valuable trees like mangoes and other property. Such groups have also been identified in Dzaipi sub-county. Community meetings indicated that these groups should receive full attention during the compensation exercise since most of them are not at present living on their land. It is therefore important that lack of homesteads in these sections of the Atiak-Moyo road should not be interpreted as no ownership.
5.3 Impacts assessment
This section presents qualitative assessments of the potential impacts as identified during the socioeconomic baseline household survey and community perspective study carried out in the project area.
Discussions with the community and key stakeholders revealed that the magnitute and scale of impacts is likely to be small. Broadly, no resettlement will be required for those settled a long the Atiak-Moyo highway since the 15 metre road reserve will follow the existing road alignment. These areas are used mainly for agricultural activities and tree planting rather than for settlements. Parmanent structures exist only in the urban centres in the proj ect area and will not be significantly affected by the road construction project. Consequently a field resettlement unit/office may be unneccessary and not cost-effective.
However, consultation of key stakeholders, has enabled the study to recommend that RAFU hires a consultant/firm to manage the compensation/resettlement process. This is believed to be more cost effective and result oriented since it is easy to track the performance of a consultant/firm than other mechanisms for this purpose. The Consultant/firm will however, have to work with Compensation Committees that should be instituted in each of the three districts affected by the road rehabilitation project. This will be incormoformity w ith t he e xisting I ocal I aws r egarding c ompensation o f p eople
52 affected by road project. Typically, a Compensation Committee should comprise of RAFU. who can be represented by the Consultant/firm, the District Land Officer, and the Chairperson, LC1 Village of the affected village. The Compensation Committee sits at local Coiuncil I village level to verify and identify the affected persons listed in the compensation Report for the Developer to pay. The identification of such persons shall also be based on the LC 1 identification, Field Assessment Form entries (as and signed during the recently concluded valuation exercise by the Chief Govermment Valuer) and on any other documents that each person shall tender to the Compensation Committee.
5.3.1' Compensation Committee's Roles
The Compensations Committee shall be chaired by RAFU who should be represented by the Consultant/firm. The Committee shall liase with the relevant local authorities of the districts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo on matters of law and order and for the orderly completion of the compensation exercise.
RAFU should contribute to the operational costs of the Compensation Committee as recommended by this study.
Furthermore, as provided by the law, the District Land Officer, shall be the Secretary of the Compensation Committee whose role will be among others to: * Draw .the compensation payment timetable in conjunction with the Chief Administrative Officers of the affected districts or his designated Assistant Chief Administrative Officer in charge of land matters; * Keep a record of all meetings of the Compensation Committee; * Record issues of public interest and official queries; * To ensure safe custody of copies of valuation Field Assessment Forms, Payment Vouchers and of other official documents; and * To coordinate with Local Councils 1,2 and 3 during the payment exercise.
The District Land Officer shall keep the chairman and Secretary of the District Land Board, and the Chief Administrative Officer fully informed of the progress of compensation payments and shall, in particular work closely with the Assistant Chief Administrative Officer in charge of land matters.
5.3.2 Positive impacts
The positive impacts identified during the community perspectives assessment activities agree with what the baseline survey of households found out. Among the many, the following are the main positive impacts of the road project on the communities along the 92 Km road.
* Improved access to other urban centres like Gulu and Kampala;
53 * Associated economic growth and development; * Employment benefits and enhancement of income levels; * Stimulation of the local economy of the project area, particularly during the construction phase; * Improved access to health and other social services mainly due to improvements in the transport sector; * Reduction in prices of essential commodities due to lower transport costs; * Improved conditions of living due to compensation benefits; and * Improvements in the security situation in the area.
5.3.3 Negative Impacts
The community perspective activities also identified potentially negative impacts similar to what were identified by the household survey. The main negative impacts identified by the community FGDs and Stakeholders key informants are listed as follows: * land acquisition and thus loss of agricultural land by individual households; * loss of property such as buildings, crops and valuable trees; * loss of social and other services due to relocation and/or resettlement; * potential delay in compensation and unfair management of the process; * dismantling of production systems and scattering of kinship groups; and * collapse of social networks.
5.4 Stakeholders in compensation and resetlement planning and implementation
A number of key stakeholders were involved in the community perpective component of the baseline.
5.4.1 Local Government
Under the present arrangement of decentralised system of govenrance, where power has been devolved to the local conmmunities, land issues are best handled by the district land boards. Throug,h the LC system it is easier to identify genuine owners of property likely to be affected.
Community leaders were asked to help in sensitising people who own property along the Atiak-Moyo road with a view to assessing the magnitude of negative impacts. Those involved in impact identification included LCI officials in the affected areas, community elders, district officials particularly the land officers, sub-county officials and various stakeholders.
54 5.4.2 Local NGOs
More than twenty intemational NGOs operate in the districts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo. Most of these NGOs work among the refugees and internally displaced persons. Besides, various local NGOs and CBOs exist across the project area, some of the major players are: CEFORD (Community Efforts for Rural Development) operating in the districts of Movo and Adjumani, and Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief (CPAR) in Gulu.
These NGOs have worked in the area for more than five years and therefore have adequate knowledge and experience about community settings in the project area. The baseline study has identified these NGOs as possible participants in the resettlement action programme if resettlement of communities or individuals becomes necessary.
The study found out that the local NGOs can assist in gathering further information about the project impacts. CEFORD and CPAR are presently involved in promoting income- generating activities, in the rural communities and they can assist RAFU in planning and implementing income generating activities for the affected persons.
5.5 Compensation and resettlement minimization strategies
The community FGDs and Stakeholder interviews revealed that the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road would be expensive if the design and path of the road is altered significantly. This cost will be higher in the trading centres. It will be largely due to compensation for p ermanent buildings; land b elonging to individuals and institutions; and valuable trees and crops.
The fact that these communities have establihed viable livelihood systems along the road makes it difficult to contemplate about resettlements elsewhere, where their livelihoods are likely to be compromised.
To avoid or minimises the cost of compensation and resettlement, the communities affected proposed the following minimisation strategies: * the communities in Pakele and Metu trading centres emphasised that focus of the rehabilitation of the road should remain on the part needed for motoring only; * the road reserve may be marked, but structures that may be found on the road reserve not be tampered with, but no new structures should be constructed on the road reserve; * no road realignment should be done especially in heavily populated sections of the road; and * unless it is absolutely necessary the road should not change its present course.
55 5.6 Conclusion
The community discussions and stakeholder interviews showed that the conmmunities along the Atiak-Moyo road are anxious about the state of the road. They, therefore, welcome the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road. To this end, the community and the key stakeholders have expressed support for the road project. This is notwithstanding the negative social and economic impacts it may have on individuals, households and communities. Among the key negative impacts identied are disorganisation of cultural and social networks that may result due to resettlement; loss of households' fixed property especially land and housing for those in close proximity with the road; and loss of social services such as health and education facilities for households that may be resettled elsewhere; although this scenario is unlikely.
Leaving the road to its present path and not removing structures and activities along the road reserve has been proposed as one of the feasible compensation and resettlement strategies.
However, some positive impacts that will accrue to these communities and the general population in the project districts have also been identified. These include improvements in transportation in terms of regularity and cost reduction which will have positive economic and social multiplier effects on the people in the Atiak-Moyo road area. The rehabilitated road will also provide an incentive to attract investments in the areas served by the road, in addition to exposing it to other Ugandans.
56 I CHAPTER SIX 6.0 Compensation System
6.1 Inventory of Affected Individual and Community Properties
The socioeconomic survey indicated that a total of 1070 households will be impacted directly and indirectly within a zone of 500 m on either side of the road. Survey findings indicated that about 200 hectares of titled (freehold and leasehold and tenure) and untitled (customary land tenure) will be affected.
Only one permanent structure in Ara, Adropi Sub-county, Adjumani district will be affected in a significant way and would require relocation to the backyard while no semi- permanent and temporary building structures will be destroyed appart from being affected by dust and air pollution. However, a significant amount of crops and valuable trees such as mangoes, teak, muvule (Milicia excelsa), neem, Gmelnia sp., and Katonda (Melia azardlhiracta)will be affected in various parts of the 92 kn road.
Verification of the correct size of the area to be compensated and the number of properties and acreage of crops by individual owners awaits the just concluded Valuation exercise carried out by the Chief Govenmment as part B of this assigmnent.
6.2 Criteria and Strategy for Compensation
The Valuation Census has identified all the affected properties and persons by name within the framework of the local administration set up, the compensation regulations, the Road Act 1964, and the MoWHC 2001 guidelines. The Local Council I Chairpersons were physically involved during the identification of properties. During the property identification process, some properties were found to be directly affected while for others the road would be injurous to the people's livelihoods. For example, this is particularly the case where the edge of the road reserve passes t hrough t he v erandah o f a h ouse. There is little to compensate for crops since most of these are annuals with maturing dates of 90 days. The dry season has started in the project area and will last till April. Therefore, most of these crops would have been harvested by the time the rehabilitation work starts. Under the awareness campaigns, the people will be notified not to plant crops within the Road Reserve, which has been clearly demarcated, after harvest. Trees will be fully compensated at the Market Value.
The Valuation Team was able to get Compensation Rates for all the affected districts. The aforesaid rates have been used for costing compensation for properties likely to be affected by the road project.
57 Most of the land, particularly in the rural sections of the Atiak-Moyo road are communally owned. However, there are a few properties under freehold and leasehold tenures, particularly in the urban areas (trading centres and town councils). There is also land owned bv the churches, schools and local government prison (e.g. Olia in Pakele sub-county, in Adjumani district). The remaining land is largely public land for which the Chief Governnent Valuer has given estimates which is was used for costing mitigation of project impacts by this study. Compensation for public land will be paid in the normal manner to the Government institutions.
6.3 Income Restoration Strategy
Within the rural sections of the Atiak-Moyo road, the incomes of most of the affected persons will hardly be impacted. Tlhs is so because only bath shelters, pit latrines and residential huts will be partially affected. These structures do not contribute directly to the sources of incomes of these people, which is predominantly subsistence agriculture and some livestock as indicated in Chapter 5.0.
Where restoration of incomes is an issue is in urban areas. In Adjumani and Moyo town councils, and A tiak, D zaipi, P akelle, Laropi and Metu trading centres some shops and kiosks will be slightly affected. They are likely to lose their verandahs rather than the structures being knocked down. To avoid loss of income during the shifting period, a statutory disturbance allowance equivalent to 15% of the value of the affected properties will be paid to the owvners on the assumption that the statutory holder will be given a six months quit notice. This allowance is also extended to those with properties in rural areas to reflect the increase in cost of building materials especially grass during off season periods. Howuever, such impacts are likely not to be experienced.
6.4 Training Programme and Labour Opportunities
Movo, Adjumani and Gulu are what one can call 'have not' districts. Employment opportunities are virtually none. This considerable pool of unemployed people presents a readv labour force for certain types of jobs. The rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road will provide work opportunities for communities where labour intensive work is required. First, it is recommended that both men and women should be considered when the employment o pportunities c ome on stream. S econd, the C ontractor should not import casual 1abour from outside the project area. Third, considering the high proportion of youth in the population of the project area, special attention should be paid to employing idle vozuth as casual labourers.
6.5 List and Summary of Compensation Per Individual Family
A census of all the affected persons and their properties has been done and is being compiled by the Chief Government Valuer. A comprehensive list of the persons and the
58 properties will forn part of the Land and Properties Compensation Report and is outside the terms of reference of this study.
6.6 Svstem for Complaints and Grievances
The afffected communitities will be given an opportunity to review survey results. Strip maps of properties affected will be displayed at both the district and sub-county headquarters. The Valuation Report will be made public. In the event that complaints arise from the affected persons and communities, a grieveance committee has been proposed. Those who are not satisfied with the compensation or rehabilitation measure taken have the opportunity to seek redress through the grievance committee. The proposed committee will be formed at the Village level and will include: Clan Leader or Village Elder, Woman Leader, Chairman to the Land Committee at LC III and a Representative of RAFU/Consultant/firm RAFU will hire. Should any complainant still not agree with the ruling of the grievance committee then the individual is encouraged to appeal to the Probation Officer of the local Governments of Moyo, Adjumani and Gulu districts. If still not satisfied then the individual could go to the courts as a last resort. The proposed names of the grievance comnmittee members will be circulated to all stakeholders prior to their confirmation.
59 I CHAPTER SEVEN 7.0 Implementation of Resettlement/Compensation
The baseline socio-economic survey has been carried out during which potential impacts of the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo Road were identified and mitigation measures recommended for application to minimize anticipated impacts. The following are the components of the resettlement / compensation plan.
7.1 Infrastructure Works and Social Improvement
Apart from shops which are located mainly at the trading centres of Metu, Laropi, Pakele, and A tiak t here a re n o s ocial i nfrastructures t o b e s eriously affected. In Pakele Sub- county, teak trees belonging to Bala Senior Secondary School will be affected rather than infrastructure which the trees surround. Additionally, a big number of Muvule trees in the various trading centres aforementioned will be affected leaving the Trading Centres quite bare. No schools or health units will be significantly affected apart from the danger of traffic risks to school children and medical attendants as a result of improved road surface.
7.2 Payment Procedures
Both local and international social safeguard policies require that a development project such as the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road should not leave the people worse off than before the project. In view of this, the study has recommended procedures for prompt compensation for people whose properties will be affected by the road project. The following are the specific recommendations regarding the compensation process:
* As recommended by this study, RAFU will hire a consultant/firm who shall make actual payments of compensation according to approved land values, building rates and crop compensation rates. * The consultant/firm shall make payments to persons positively identified by the compensations committee at its sitting in the LC1 village, as publicised on Radio and through the appropriate LC structure. * Payments by cheque: all payments of compensation in excess of 300,000/= shall be by cheque issued by the consultant/firm and drawn on the consultant's Bank Account opened for the purpose * Payments: for payments of compensation values rates less than Shs.300,000/=, the consultant/firm shall make payment in cash from predetermined secure locations agreed in consultation between RAFU, the CAO and the consultant/firm. * While making payments, the consultant/firm shall not be answerable for either the process of land survey, computation of values and the compensation except to
60 make payments to persons positively identified by the Compensations Committee or for any mistakes and omissions in the compensations Reports.
Payment Documents and Forns: * The consultant/firm shall print the following documents to be used for compensation payment.
Form (A): Verification Identity Document
* For those persons who do not have reliable identification documents, the Compensation Committee shall fill Form (A) at the LC 1 village sitting where the person resides. The Verification Identity Document, in book form, should have three carbon copies as follows:
* Original (white): to be issued by the Compensation Committee, duly signed, to persons, positively identified at LC 1 level, for their introduction to the consultant/firm's cashiers; * Copy (pink): to be retained by the Compensation Committee; and * Copy (blue): to be retained by the consultant/firm's cashier for accountability to RAFU.
Form (B): Transfer Form(Tittled Plots) for compliance with Registration of Titles Act.
Two copies of the form will be necessary for each payee with title plots. In the case of the Atiak-Moyo road project, this will apply mainly in the urban centres where people have titles for their plots. * Copy (white): for the vendor; and * Copy (blue): to be retained by the Consultant/firm for accountability to RAFU.
Form (C): Transfer Form (Untitled Plots) Two copies of the form will be necessary for each payee with titled plots, i.e.: * Copy (white): for the Vendor; and * Copy (blue): to be retained by the Consultant/firm for accountability to RAFU.
Form (D): Payment Voucher The book of the Payment Vouchers should have three carbon copies for distribution as follows: * Original (white): to be taken by Payee; * Copy (pink): to be kept by the District Land Officer for the for the District Local Govermnent; and * Copy (blue): to be retained by the Consultant/firm's cashier for accountability to RAFU purposes.
61 Additionally, we also recommend the following:
* instead of giving a cash-payment, the affected structures be replaced in kind. This is to avoid property owners misusing the money received as compensation benefits for affected structures. The exception could be urban residents who have greater ability to manage cash compared to their rural counterparts.
* The c ommunity I eaders and I ocal authorities i n the p roject area have agreed to provide alternative land for relocation.. However, in the case of the Atiak-Moyo road, only one permanent building at Ara trading centre will have to be relocated. This will nontheless be moved to the backyard on land which belongs to the same landlord. Clearly there will be no need for resettlements regarding the Atiak- Moyo road project.
* The standard of the new structures should be better than the existing ones or at least should be comparable.
* As said earlier, a disturbance allowance of 15% should be paid to relocated people if any to enable them to adjust to their new situation.
Typically, all trees and crops affected should be fully compensated at the Market Value.
Most of the land is communal / customary and a few especially in the mountainous Metu sub-region are Public Land. The Chief government Valuer has completed a valuation exercise and the findings have been incorporated in this report. Affected Government institutions like the Olia Government Prison in Pakele sub-county, Adjumani district should be paid in the normal manner.
Finallv, the Consultant shall submit to RAFU a report on Compensation payments.
* At t he c onclusion o f t he c ompensation p ayments e xercise, e ach c onsultant/firm shall compilation of all filled forms and vouchers used, land titles surrendered in exchange for Transfer Forms ( Titles Plots) - copies of which will be included and any documents of accountability to support genuine payments made.
7.3 Compensation Agreement
To ensure smooth compensation process which is transparent, a compensation agreement between affected persons and the developer should be made. Each property owner should sign on the verification form and witnessed by the LCI Chairperson of the respective village. A certificate of completion of compensation should be counter signed by the LC 1 Chairperson.
62 Regarding Borrow pits and other temporary land take, the Developer / Constructor should undertake to reinstate the area concerned. The cost of these measures will be included in the environmental management plan or bills of costs.
7.4 Entitlement Cut-off
This census marks the end of the entitlement period. No new cases of compensation should be entertained after this census. Communities in the affected areas have been already inforned accordingly and the Developer (in this case RAFU) is expected to re- enforce this measure together with the local authorities. Anyone encroaching surveyed land (census and valuation) will not be eligible to compensation or any form of resettlement assistance.
7.5 Rehabilitation of Income
People who will be most affected are shopkeepers especially in the trading centres of Pakele, Metu and Laropi. These should be fully and promptly compensated. However, all affected persons will be paid compensations in the manner they deserve. Disturbance allowance to ensure life sustenance should be adequately paid.
7.6 Vulnerable Groups
No vulnerable groups have been identified along the Atiak-Moyo road. However, if identified during the valuation and properties assessment exercise being conducted by the Government Valuer, appropriate measurse to ensure adequate compensation should be taken.
63 7.7 Time Schedule and Summary of Activities
A resettlement compensation implementation and monitoring programmme for the Atiak- Moyo road project is as below:
SIN Time Frame in Months Activity Person Responsible M - Ml . Resources RAFU mobilisation for compensation . Formation of RAFU/Consultantlfimn, Resettlement / Local Govemnments, Compensation Community leaders, Committee Land officer * Identification of RAFU/Consultant/firn, alternative land Resettlement / where resettlement is Compensation applicable Committee, Local Government Ms * Establishment of RAFU, DDHS and health clinics for NGOs HIV/AIDS, STDs and response to emergency situations M4- M8 * Remitment of RAFU, DDHS and medical personnel NGOs (doctor, nurse, lab- technician, counseling officers and cleaners * Sensitisation of RAFU, DDHS / NGOs affected / CDO communities, construction workers and awareness building regarding HIV /AIDS and STDs * Material mobilisation Contractor, Local for workers camp/ people r F houses for relocation * Payment of RAFU / Contractors disturbance allowance Ml' .12 * Pay compensation to RAFU / Contractors affected people * Relocation of RAFU / Consultant and
64 affected families and Resettlement demolition of vacated Committee
. ______.prem ises._.. / Ml, - M20 * Monitorinn and RAFU / DDHS Evaluation of impacts NGOs, .in accordance with the indicators as road construction progress .- M2l - M* Grievance process if Land tribunal / RAFU required .
Note: SN: Serial Number M: Month
65 CHAPTER EIGHT 8.0 Resettlement Budget/Costs
8.1 Costs
The area to be included within the Atiak-Moyo Road Reserve is being compiled. Valuation Assessment result indicates that 102 ha (255 acres) will be affected. The compensation of affected land, buildings/structures, crops and trees will cost the client a total of Uganda Shillings Five Hundred and Seven Million, One Hundred Ninety Six Hundred Thousand and Sixteen (Ushs 507,196,016). For the assessment of the affected properties the Compensation rates for Moyo and Gulu District Compensation Rates were used. Other costs include, allowance for the 172 member Compensation Committee meetings, transport allowance to the Consultant (as recommended by this study), Chairpersons for Local Councillor in affected villages, impact mitigation costs, and administrative costs (5%). Therefore, the total budget for the resettlement/compensation for the Atiak-Moyo road project is estimated at Uganda Shillings Eight Hundred and Seventy One Million, One Hundred and Twenty Three Thousand, Four Hundred and Eighty Nine (Ushs 871,123,489).
The total budget will include a disturbance allowance (15%). In addition, a suitable sum has been estimated to go towards the resettlement monitoring exercise. The summary of the cost estimates is presented in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Summary of the total cost estimates for the resettlement/land acquisition
ACTIVITY AMOUNT REMARKS (USHS) Total Compensation Cost (land, 507,196,016 Most land is communal or public land. There buildings, crops and trees) are a few leasehold and freehold properties and largely in urban areas Structures include huts, shops, pit latrines, bathing shelters, granaries, etc. Disturbance allowance to 76,079,402 To be paid six months prior to relocation affected persons (15%) Committee meetings allowances This is to be paid during compensation for 152 members and 20 5,040,000 exercise members per each sitting. Transport allowance for the This expense is to be paid during the Consultant/Land Officer 2,000,000 compensation exercise meetings i 100,000= x 20 I Transport allowance for LC I This cost will be paid during c ompensation Chairpersons on Committee 648,000 implementation
66 meetings @ 2,000 x 18 x 18 (sittings) l Mitigation of project Impacts 175,894,000 Costs of mitigation impacts (health, dust pollution, road safety campaign) Monitonng of mitigations 62,784,000 Cost of implementing mitigations implementation Administrative Costs (5%) 41,482,071 Cost of administering compensation GRAND TOTAL 871,123,489 Costs are in Uganda Shillings
8.2 Process of Payment
After Government (RAFU) has paid disturbance allowance and other costs to the affected communities, the Contractor in consultation with the local leadership will ensure that the structures have been rebuilt on the provided land. It is after this that relocation can take place. Disturbance allowance will be paid three months before this action. Both the Contractor and property owner will be required to fulfill the terms of the compensation agreement within the stipulated timeframe. Other cash compensation such as for land and trees will be paid in cash to the beneficiaries at least six months before relocation.
Where individual payments are less than or equal to Ushs 300,000, beneficiaries will be paid in cash. P ayments above the threshhold will be paid by cheque and cashed in a Bank the Consultant?firm will open a Bank Account designated for this purpose
The foregoing describes payments under the Resettlement Action Plan. It is worth keeping in mind that there are other payments including: enviornmental restoration and road safety measures and education.
8.3 Financial Responsibility
The Supervising Consultant will pay out funds for compensation. The reconstruction of the structures will be supervised by the Contractor ensuring that the local communities themselves are involved in the reconstruction.
8.4 Identification of Beneficiaries
The beneficiary list is being compiled by the Chief Govenmment Valuer. This list will further be cross-checked with the local authorities and the communities. The beneficiary list will be publicly displayed for scrutiny. Thereafter, as an additional measure against possible double payment and to assist monitoring, photographs of each beneficiary together with proper address will be taken and affixed on the payment voucher and agreement form.
67 CHAPTER NINE 9.0 Monitoring and Evaluation
A number of impacts on the human environment of the rehabilitation of the Atiak-Moyo road have been identified. Mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts have been recommended for action by the Developer / Contractor; some of which will have to be done in collaboration with local authorities in the districts of Gulu, Adjumani and Moyo. This section deals with monitoring and evaluation issues of the road project.
As discussed earlier, data collection regarding progress of activities recommended for minimising or eliminating project impacts will be conducted by people designated by the Developer / Contractor. Strongly recommended aspects for monitoring is compensation which must be done timely, and in a transparent manner. The developer should ensure that compensation forms signed by affected people and verified by LCs are scrutinized. Monitoring agents will ensure that affected people receive adequate compensation for their properties and have put the benefits into good use. Data regarding mitigation measures particularly in health, road safety and other project impacts should be regularly collected and analysed. Particular attention should be paid to those who will be relocated. Monitoring agents shall ensure that alternative structures have been constructed for the affected persons where it applies. Also of serious concern is the restoration of incomes for those who lose agricultural land and crops. Monitoring agents will record issues of income restoration and continuity of normal life. Additionally, the agents will gather information regarding AIDS education, awareness and consultation . Based on the indicators, the impacts of awareness, the number of targeted people, rate of infections and death and availability of preventive measures should be documented and other health related concerns.
Regarding evaluation to enable the developer to determine whether or not the targeted results have been achieved, a bi-annual progress assessment by an external consultant is recommended and report submitted to the key stakeholders including RAFU. The recommended qualification for the proposed evaluation is Social-Environmental Specialist, who will work closely with the contractors and District Work Supervisors of the respective districts.
9.1 Monitoring Team Composition
Part time Social: Part time social / environmental specialists, should be made responsible for monitoring the resettlement / compensation process and implementing the social mitigation measures recommended by this study.
68 Supportfor Part Time Expert. The Developer / Contractor should hire an assistant to the part - time monitor, to ensure effectiveness. This should liaise closely with local implementing committee as highlighted in this report as well as with local authorities.
Reporting: The monitoring report to RAFU after consultation with local authorities in order to get their inputs. This is to ensure that their comments are incorporated and are in accordance with emerging local bye-laws or concerns.
Reporting should be done on 3-monthly (quarterly) basis. The monitoring report shall be prepared for key stakeholders including MOWHC, and the World Bank. Other institutions, which should get copies of this report, include respective District Environment Officers (DEOs) and Local Environmental Committees (LECs) and NGOs such as MACI and AIC. An evaluation exercise should be carried out on 6-monthly basis and report submitted to the aforementioned stakeholders. Typically, a final monitoring and evaluation report should be prepared by the Developer / Contractor and submitted to the same bodies.
9.2 Scope of Work for the Monitoring Team
The monitoring team is expected to undertake the following activities:
1. Review compensation and / or lease agreements for land take (both temporary and permanent) for the road construction.
2. Ensure that no unwanted land has been taken from the owner, as well as crops and trees destroyed unnecessarily.
3. Review reinstatement and / or future management plans of the construction camps.
4. Check planning and operation of detours, and associated road safety measures, during construction
5. Review measures to control excessive speeding and general road safety management e.g road signs
6. Issue impacts report on levels of dust and noise nuisance and advise on possible means of reduction.
69 Table 9.1 shows a matrix of the main indicators to be monitored; while Table 9.2 shows estimates of the cost of monitoring mitigation activities.
Table 9.1 A summary of main Compensation/resettlement monitoring indicators
Time Issues / Indicators Resource / Responsibility Schedule components source Requiring Ministry M, Participation * number and Mobilisation Consultant Process percentage of affected households consulted during the RAP preparation .. l*levels of Mobilisation Consultant decision making of affected people M2 * level of under- Sensitisation - Developer/RAFU standing of project iimpacts and RAFU mnitigation / resettlement options * effectiveness Local leaders - Local of local District Governments authorities to authorities make decisions M2 - M12 * frequency and Mobilisation - Consultancy quality of public district Contractor meetings authorities Ml * degree of Mobilisation - Local involvement of district local Governments women or vulnerable authorities disadvantaged groups in discussions Ms Social indictors * agricultural Land / NGOs/MAAEF output and income of financial affected people assistance, loans
70 M, * Waste disposal Garbage Bins Local from camps and trading Governments centres as well as rubbish disposal and sanitation arrangements for workers' camps M7 * Water use and Boreholes Local availability of safe Govemrnments drinking water Mg * HIV testing and Technical District prevention programnnes personnel, Director of for project area and medical Health camps equipment Services Ministry of Health (MOH)
M9 * effectiveness of Financial RAFU / compensation payments availability - Compensatio and procedures MoWHC / GoU n Committee AM 1O * effectiveness of Alternative RAFU / resettlement of affected Land / Finances Local families and procedures - MoWHC / Governments - provisions for support GoU in relocation M1O * effectiveness of Alternative RAFU/ resettlement of affected Land / Finances Local families and procedures - MoWHC / Governments - provisions for support GoU in relocation M11l* Workers' safety, helmets, gloves Contractor / referral system to / Uniforms - Developer hospitals and work site Contractor / inspections Developer * involvement of RAFU/ local authorities and contractor NGOs in project related activities Ms * employment of personnel Contractor local people on site (skilled / unskilled) - Locally * population influx Security Local and general security in measures- Min. Governments I the project area. Of Defence
71 ______Others l Road Safety . Number of road Technical Contractor signs. Engineering * Number of humps financial - GoU and speed barriers erected * Number of radio announcements on road safety Ms a number of Clinics / Personnel / Contractor presence of a mobile equipment / clinic funds - MoH * Number of medical personnel hired * number of awareness seminars conducted . number of people for blood test
Ms Noise and dust * Complaints by Local water Contractor Control local residents sources * Number of water brusers available * frequency of watering
9.3 Evaluation of the actual results
Evaluation of the implementation of recommended mitigation measures will be carried out by RAFU. Evaluation of results of environmental and social mitigations recommended by this consultancy can be carried out by camparing information gathered during the baseline socio-econmic survey with targets and post-project situation. The evaluating bodv will carefully assess the level of mitigation implementation, the results achieved and not achieved, why if not achieved, the constraints and possible adjustments to be made to achieved anticipated results. Table 9.1 above serves as a broad basis for evaluating recommended measures using indicators outlined above.
72 Table 9.2 Estimated Cost for monitoring of mitigation implementation
Items Amount 1. Feesfor monitors * Part time Social / environment specialist @ 1,000,000= x 24 24,000,000= * Part time Support staff @ 700,000= x 24 16,800,000= 2. Transportfor monitors * 2 motorcycles @ 6,000,000= x 2 12,000,000= * Fuel for 2 motorcycles @ 10 litres per day 15,800 x 480 days 7,584,000= * Maintenance @ 100,000= x 24 2,400,000= GRAND TOTAL 62,784,000=
73 ANNEXES
74 I
I i I i Annex 1
List of household survey respondents by location
S/No. Name Title
1 Michael Peasant 2 Severino Leku .. 3 Idrifua Charles Local Chief -4 Opiko Martin Peasant 5 Eberu Gaitano LC I 6 Ibaweri Michael Peasant 7 Karulina Dramnundu __ 8 Paul B.K _ 9 Unzi Albino .. 10 Komaki Dominic Teacher II Amoko Paul Peasant 12 Leku Robert ___ 13 Paul Ali __ 14 Akuti Leko 15 Azuruku Ben Teacher 16 Ouoja Anthony Trader 17 Rose Vuga Teacher 18 Anduniata Gobi Teacher 19 Celina Gobi Teacher 20 Draciri Peter __ 21 A.G. Nya Sam Peasant 22 Drale Cizarino fit 23 Ohia D. Victor 24 Bataringaya Elias .. 25 Unzi Patrick LC m Councillor 26 Madrar Joseph LC m Councillor 27 Drakamute K Peasant 28 Tabu Vincent Student 29 S.M Drachi Trader 30 Oni Natal Driver
75 List of Participants continue
S/No. Name Title
1 Loka Festo LCIII Chair-man Dzaipi 2 Adrani Daniel Vice Chairman Trader Association Pakele 3 Lerikua Marcelo District Engineer Moyo. 4 Tako Francis Opinion Leader Former Secretary for Defence 5 Dulu Isaac Aba Secretary for Works & Construction Moyo 6 Inyani Emmanuel Sub-county Chief Dufile 7 Mrs. Aserua Martina LC m Chairperson 8 Idrifua Charles M. Sub-county Chief Metu
76 ANNEX 2
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
S/No. Name Title
I Loka Festo Chairman LC III Dzaipi Sub - county 2 Opelli Stephen Sub - county Chief Dzaipi 3 Dramoyo Jacob LC Im Secretary for Production 4 Inyani Emmanuel. D LC ImI Chairman for Finance 5 Jojoni Simon Drameri LC III Secretary for Security 6 Alalo Veronica LC Im for P.W.D. Dzaipi 7 Drazi Karulino Elder - Leiya 8 Wongo Atanasio Chairperson - Orwanyi 9 Karayi Isaac Elder Leiya 10 Tako A. Flaminio Chairman Leiya II Ujjiga Mathew Parish Chief - Ajugopi 12 Tako A. Flaminio Chairman Leiya 13 Ivu Lino Eku Chairman LCI[ Mgbere 14 Amoko Henry Chairman LC I Aboki 15 Vuni Ruzina Elder - Marindi 16 Asida Pastore Chairman LC 1 Marindi 17 Idraku Anthony LC. 1 Chairman Mololoyoro 18 Tabo Philip LC III Secretary for Social Services 19 Mundu Sirisio Samuel LC HI Counselor 20 Madra Luke Siris Elder Marindi 21 Ibrahim Swali Chairman LC I Dzaipi Central 22 Josyline Anyamna LC Im counselor Ajugopi 23 Idrifua Cassim LC Im Secretary for Finance 24 Amoko Donato LC 1 Chief Mgbere/ Logoagwa 25 Ewiko Simon Parish Chief Mgbere Logoagwa 26 Okudi Arkanjelo Elder Leiya 27 Atopi John Chairman 28 Odogo James Secretary for Information 29 Araku Joseph Elder Dzaipi Central 30 Nkomo Joseph Chairman 31 Foni Joyce Amamaru Counselor 32 Knyanya Hellen LC m Secretary for S.IG 33 Araku Lucy LC m Vice Chairperson
77 Annex 3
LIST OF HOUSEHOLDS INTERVIEWED ALONG THE ATIAK MOYO ROAD
Questionnaire County Village (LC1) Name of Head of No. household 182 2 Adjumani Pageribe Nuraa S. 315 2 Adjumani Ataboo.C. Akule S. 782 3 West Moyo Ebikwa Lulua C. 792 3 West Moyo Ebiitwa Barigo J. 622 3 Logubus AlumaB. 628 2 Dzaipi C. Kotevu A. 791 3 Ramogi (Ebihwa) Ayiga F. 558 2 Dubi Felex 348 2 Manyahwa Matita 349 2 Kerelu Atita 350 2 Kerelu Madera B. 357 2 Minia Alan 611 3 Chiinyi Mandera C. 638 2 Ariye Lya Pawlin 888 3 Herbart 889 3 Besi L.C. 632 2 Dzaipi C. Swali 612 Cinyi E. Ecima P. 686 2 Marindi Ayiga 685 2 Central Mathe Oyala 865 2 Mijale David A. 467 2 Pawinyo Vuciri M. 469 Pawinyo Eliza 651 2 Marindi Inzama Thoma 855 2 Elekwe Kinyo 905 2 Marindi Micheal 805 2 Marindi Amoko 910 2 Marindi NoaM. 842 Elekwe Akule 841 2 Mijale Geogrey 840 2 Mijale Alfred 837 2 Elekwe Miko M. 911 2 Marindi Peter M. 839 2 Mijale Agasi S. 914 2 Marindi Barugo
78 975 2 Marindi Rashid 916 2 Marindi Vukowie 836 2 Elewukwe Eruga 843 2 Elewukwe Nyandad 851 2 Elewukwe Mama 829 2 Elewukwe Anjoo J. 647 2 Aboki Paul 845 2 Eleukwe Elered C. 919 2 Marindi C. Yasiri 856 2 Mijale Gama 810 2 Mijaale Isaac 868 3 Cececelea W. Christine 797 3 Ramogi William 852 2 Eleukwe Diami 853 2 Mitale Kinya A. 854 2 Mirindi Tani 848 2 Eleukwe Martin 684 2 Mgbere C Mana J. 903 3 Celecelea E. Mwadri 908 2 Mirindi Patrick 909 2 Miimdi Otodo G 795 3 Pamoti Geofey 831 2 Mijale Onays 825 2 Mijale Lucy 894 3 Celecele E Edea 893 3 Celecelea E Araba 682 2 Mgbere C Araba L. 687 2 Marindi Madraru 617 3 Erepi-East Logboro A. 788 3 Pamnoti Vihi 785 3 Pamoti Mura 787 2 Pamoti Vuzara 616 Pagirinya Apiku M. 306 2 Minia Abraza 301 2 Russia Lagua 304 2 Minia Mazarkue 345 2 Paalanyua Apiliga 300 2 Russid Sarah 303 2 Minici Kasum R. 298 2 Russia Mahomad Mafu 319 2 Kerelu Onoma 344 2 Kerelu Limio
79 | 299 2 Russia Tabani 340 2 Kerelu Drici 247 2 Meliaderi Aluma Flamin 338 2 Kerelu Eto 268 2 Kerelu Awira 310 2 Minia Androle M.K 312 2 Minia Rasulu 311 2 Minia Alex 264 2 Ataboo C. Jaid H 828 2 Minia Amoko 636 2 Mgbere BayombagaJumna 906 2 Marindi Juma 789 2 Ramogi Lagu a. 907 2 Marindi Silima M. 331 2 Marinyo Dominic 332 2 Ataboo Central Peter 333 2 Kenelu Okudri R 322 2 Kerelu Charles 825 2 Misale Anyimbe G 309 2 Minia Amacha 266 2 Ataboo Central Mary manu 26 2 Ataboo Central Aniva Martin 285 2 Kerelu Cizarici P 3318 2 Ataboo Central Amayo 330 2 Kerelu Wilson 641 2 Pamari Jackson 320 2 Ataboo Central Madrama Tobia 321 2 Ataboo Central Simon 252 2 Meliadere lanya 335 2 Kerelu Amegovu J 229 2 Marinyo Vudrugo Daria 334 2 Kerelu Idha J. 337 2 Kerelu Anyama 242 2 Pagirinya Magwi Jacob 172 2 Elepi East 343 2 Palanyera Ajusi 295 2 Russia Ayya Satafina 366 2 Kerelu Masimo 466 2 Pawinyo Ben I. 367 2 Marinyo Anna C. 553 2 Dzaipi C. Drogn 863 2 Elewiwe Viacy
80 860 2 Elewukwe Dominica 832 2 Mijale Lulu S. 862 2 Mijjelle Letio Liraa 866 3 Ebikwa Polo M. 800 3 Ramogi Opio R. 834 2 Mijale Dizaani 857 2 Marindo Atimaku M. 847 2 Mijale Drgoa 874 3 Lececelea Saidi T. 615 3 Kidi Sele Z. 621 3 Minya Iraa Dd. 181 3 Pageribe Amanyo C. 180 3 Minya Drinale J. 179 3 Arepi Guma C. 260 2 Un John 259 2 Logo Agwa Rogomo L. 258 2 Orwanyi Atim 278 2 Ataboo Akello S. 277 2 Kerelu Asienjo 276 2 Ataboo Duma John 231 2 Palanyuma Buga 233 2 Minia Jamas -34 2 Pajua William Adruga 175 3 Cinyie Onigo P. 296 2 Russia Izaki P. 297 2 Russia Oduti 329 2 Marinyo Zema 624 3 Pameizi Urese W. 368 2 Kerelu Labile 529 2 Aboki Iiu S. 818 2 Mijella Ira J. 817 2 Mijella Arinya 816 2 Eleukwe Laha 815 2 Mijale Bimi 811 2 Mijale Peter I. 901 3 Celecelea E. Mandru D. 900 3 Besia Eriku 899 3 Ebihwa Luku B. 898 3 Ramogi C. Ahmad B. 780 3 Parego William 364 2 Pabongo Alex E. 361 2 Kerelu Opio R.
81 ,503 2 Ataboo C. Dralada M. 348 2 Leya Mindra J. 549 2 Leya Eriga A.M. 554 2 Ozaipi C. Saidi 339 2 Kerelu Vuni I655 2 Leya Urni Elias 670 2 Mgbere C. Tologo 668 2 Oranyi Izale Jame 659 2 Lea Ajuvuku Beb 671 2 Marindiir Ati E. 656 2 Dzaipi C. Ira Micheal 619 2 Etepi-west Vule Anya 625 2 Marindi Alex C. 317 2 Kerelu Druku Isac 274 2 Kerelu Luke 307 2 Minia Ambayo 420 2 Ataboo C. Mustafars Yusufu 273 2 Ataboo C. Stephen 275 2 Ataboo C. Moses 341 2 Kerelu Abele M. 312 2 Minia Henry 0. 221 2 Palanyua Vuchiri 223 2 Palanyua Vusia 3323 2 Kerelu Okema 0. 249 2 Mediadeire Obiki Samuel 251 2 Mediadeire Obulejo 207 2 Manyalwa James 910 2 Kerelu Asobasi 470 2 Pawinyo Onoma Nathan 468 2 Pawinyo Ivulino Eku 554 2 Pawinyo Iya 555 2 Paile Drici alex 528 2 Ozaip Dramaru D. 557 2 Ataboo C. Mathias Pomoke 556 2 Paile Angela Ababiku 352 2 Marinyo Aaadruigo Setimio 353 2 Russia Adam 560 2 Melliadete Olaya L. 559 2 A taboo C. Rukia J 370 2 A taboo C. Anyiri 369 2 Ataboo C. Keneo 302 2 Meuderi Buni
82 Mwadri .362 2 Kerelo 2 Kerelo I 363 C. 3 Ebikwa Nyadra j 784 I 3 Ebikwa Claudio 904 SanderiaaN. 877 3 Ebikwa 886 3 N Henry 885 3 Celecelea 3 Celecelea W Dema 884 Frances 883 3 Pamojo 3 Celecelea Stragi 248 Owole Valson 186 2 Meliaderi _ 187 3 Pageribe E - 188 3 Celecelear Erepi - 189 3 West 3 Minya _ 190 Joseph 196 3 Dzaipi 2 Marinyo Wanya 324 Alumam 211 2 Manyala 2 Dzaip Central KareaJ 201 Victor 203 2 Malanyua 2 Dzailpi C 200 Charles 208 2 Manyalwa _ 194 3 Nyojo Katarina N. 2 Pereci 209 Madran S. 220 2 Palangua 2 Manyalwa Ben 1205 AndrugaE 1 176 3 Cinyi-West 2 Olia AjudraJ 245 Muraa 230 2 Palangua John 206 2 Manyalwa 2 Dzaipi C Gabrieal 198 J 2 Ataboo C Alumasi 421 Carol 250 2 Olia C. Bunia M 422 2 Ataboo 2 Ataboo C. Amazia 423 F 2 Ataboo C. Zahara 424 miwes 2 Ataboo C. Ramandan 425 Yasin 2 Ataboo C. Taban J.B 2 Melideri Olega 426 A. 2 Minia Magerape 427 Mamio 2 Pagirinya Kodili 629 Midra Jacob 676 2 Leya
83 678 12 Leya Kareayi F. 790 3 Ebihwa Anyarna J 618 3 Erepi W. Vuni M. 630 2 Pawinyo Wani 634 3 Gwai Metuko S 786 3 Pamoti Lwa 215B 2 Palanyoa Mathias 214 2 Manyalwa Charles Ajirika 213 2 Manyalwa Lodo 212 2 Manyalwa Jacob 195 3 222 2 Palanyua Budra 224 2 Palanyua Igama 244 2 Olia Amadra Charles 227 2 Perici John 226 2 Palanyua Susan D. 204 2 Palanyua Dems 246 2 Olia Madrama Augustine 240 2 Marinyo Kidago 239 2 Marinyo Okello Anthony 238 2 Manyola Luga Proscovia 178 2 Ori Indigo J. 177 2 Anyi West Wedi J. 202 2 Dzaipi C. 233 2 Marinyo Idrifua 236 2 Marinyo Jodan 235 2 Palanya Abiriga 332 2 Palanyua Bunia 288 2 Amarinyo Amadeo E. 807 2 Mijale Pastor 864 2 Elewukwe Anyando 918 2 MarindiC. Anyama C. 838 2 Mijale Denis C 679 2 Leya Surumgbia J. 680 2 Marindi Pasi E. 623 3 Minya Buga M. 261 2 Ataboo C. Leticia 272 2 Ataboo C. Moi Micheal 219 2 Palanyua Ituka Nile 199 2 Dzaipi Central Anyzog 218 2 Pagirinya Mania M. 197 2 Ddaipi C.
84 193 l 3 Nyoio K 192 3 Eredi West _ 191 3 Gwai 185 3 Pageride 2Io 2 Mayinyo Kaniaa 225 2 Palanyira Denis 243 2 Pagirinya Akuti D 217 2 Russia David 216 2 Palanyoa Chandia 215SA = 02_ ___ _ Manyalwa Martin _640 2 Pagirinya Mawadri -639 2 Pagirinyo Opio 269 2 Ataboo C. Boka 308 2) Minia Izale S. _499 2 Ataboo C. Rati J. _ _498 2 Meuderi Opoka _497 2 Olia Alenti 561 2 Meliadere Abiana F. 649 2 Pagirinya Ojjo 677 2 Oranyi Chadriza 681 2 Marindi Madrama 844 2 Mijale Izakare 814 2 Mijale Madera 917 2 Marindi Rose B. 813 2 Mijale Angwe 803 2 Eleuhwe Amoko 846 I. 2 Mijale Uga 861 2 Anita 806 2 Marindi Chudi 819 2 Marindi Felista 821 2 Elewukwe Buga M. 280 2 Kerelu Mawadri 279 N. 2 Kerelu Mondia 288 A. 2 Kerelu Rose 0. 287 2 Kerelu Simon 286 __Kerelu Maritha D. 283 2 Ataboo Chadiga J. 282 2 Ataboo Joyle 281 2 Ataboo Marita Okulu 882 3 Celecelea E. Ahema D. 881 3 Celecelea E. Nusura 880 3 Esia Tako E.
85 879 3 Celecelea E. Haruwa J. 878 3 Tabikwa Eriku Dd. 776 3 Ramogi Dragugu 775 3 Ramogi Lagua A. 774 3 Ramogi Aboka S. 774 3 Rarnogi Atinulu C. 645 2 Dzaipi C Rose 644 2 Dzaipi C Vizzi P. 643 2 Dzaipi C Maga 642 2 Dzaipi C Paul 772 3 Ramodi Abilu D. 652 2 Marindi Madra 653 2 Marindi Mayi 650 2 Pagirinya 257 2 Ddzaipi C. Aburi 256 2 Dzaipi C Tiyari L. 255 2 Pagirinya Nuraa J. 183 2 Nyojo 184 2 Nyoio 347 2 Kirelu Atoba 346 2 Manyawa Charles 302 2 Russia Tereza 308 2 Minia Onama 254 2 Melliadere Madra P. 325 2 Kerelu Anthony 326 2 Kerelu Verinica 253 2 Meliadere Oloya M. 327 2 Kerelu Damini 262 2 Ataboo C. Maku A. 294 2 Pacawa John Jogo 263 2 Ataboo C. Koma 293 2 Russira Muruapasfuina 292 2 Russira Timbwu 291 2 Kerelu Izama t. 289 2 Kerelu Elivira J. 284 a Kerelu _ _WilliwnO. 290 2 Kerelu 713 1 Kat West Aboda Vincent 712 1 Kal West Lakakaalyi Martine 71 1 Pacilo West Oyet W. 710 1 Padio West Ocitti Patrick 709 1 Kal East Acilo Kelen
86 708 1 Pacilo West Apwoke Robert 707 1 Pacilo West Oling B. 706 1 Kal West Oyet P. 605 2 Ozaipi Central Ambama Richard 1030 2 Nifeu Awullin Vundru 418 2 Ataboo C. Zenabu Yusufu 1053 2 Mijale Michael D. 1052 2 Mijale Vini S. 667 2 Olia Benard U. 669 2 Dzaidi C. Simon U. 662 2 Maridi Zemi Akole 657 2 Marindi Tako Alex 658 2 Marindi Mawa 660 2 Lea Auku David 661 2 Lea Luke 174 3 Pakoma Dramani J 173 3 Pakoma Maninitia R 328 2 Kerelu Opio Richard 048 2 Miiale Apikoj 1044 2 Mijale William 416 2 Ataboo C. James T. 1069 3 Kidi Jobile 1058 2 Ara Igu S. 1056 2 Mijale Leku R. 1055 2 Mijale Odo M. 1045 2 Mijale Drici W. 1049 2 Mijale Limio F 600 3 Ubbi North Jacob 602 3 Ubbi South Esther 610 3 Pageribe Vukaya J. 608 3 Ori Iga B. 674 2 Marindi Vuni P. 719 1 Kal West Okiya 725 3 Erepi Adriko S. 672 2 Leya Moses D. 673 2 Marindi Cuzana K. 718 1 Pabugo Ochola Obaldo 717 1 Muluki Waya Alfongo 716 1 Kal West Pol. Ogik 715 1 Pacilo West Odoki Pope 714 1 Pacilo West Okiya I. 716 3 Ramogi Tani
87 762 3 Ramogi Masudio 764 |3 Pamoju S.A 765 3 Pamoti Dracin 766 3 Ramogi Eiti 603 2 Dzipi C. Baru 1043 2 Miiale Eliza 360 2 Marinyo Ichi 354 2 Marindi Irara 724 3 Erepi Izale A. 723 3 Erepi Dran I.P. 519 2 Leya Ajiri 705 1 Kal West Lukeca 704 1 Kal West Lalam 703 1 Kal West Nokrach Jacob 702 1 Acopele Omalping Godfre 701 1 Muluki Ayaa Aangia 700 1 Pabuga Olya Anglo 699 1 Pabuga Ocaya G. 720 2 Mairdi Idraku G. 721 2 Marindi Eriya 722 2 Leya Kanilino Drazi 1050 2 Mijale Amnbago V. 733 3 Parego Idi 690 2 Marindi Vunadru 691 2 Leya Alu A. 693 1 Mulukri Rafa Lidele 694 1 Muluki Oryem Muchele 696 1 Muluki Acire R. 695 1 Muluki Auma Judith 359 2 Marinyo Ajome N.Dran 1046 2 Mijale Uri-M. 727 3 Erepi Kanyaba L. 726 3 Erepi Gulva L. 769 3 Ebihwa Mindra Jude 767 3 Pamoti Hellen 763 2 Erepi South Okurrii 3997 2 Ataboo C. Aluma J. 585 2 Manywala Yolanta 584 3 Manyalwa Ookuji 768 3 Pamoti Rose 770 3 Ramoti Denyamn 758 3 Rainogi Kareo
88 757 3 Besia Anzo 759 3 Erepi West Adunatal 1760 3 Ramogi Aandi A. 241 2 Pagirimiyo Vuzi 342 2 Kerelu Drate 314 2 Kerelu Jude 310 2 Ataboo C. Aliga Frank 504 2 Russia Peter B 486 2 Palamyua Rama Gabriel 355 2 Pajau Letisia 756 3 Ramnogi Emmani F. 357 2 Marinyo Amuni 356 2 Marinyo Abiri A 533 2 Pagirimya Draikua Celina 373 2 Kerelu Tabunga Stella 358 2 Marinyho Anyanzo G. Peter 378 2 Kerelu Opio Eriya 379 2 Kerelu Drapa Pascar 1027 2 Aima Ibuni Patrick 495 2 Orwanyi Mawa J. 496 2 Orinyi Lagu 698 1 Kal-West Okwanga Albert 697 1 Muluku Okech Valerio 1051 2 Mijale Luiji 692 1 Paacilo West Acan 751 3 Eripi West Idro Alex 867 3 Celecelea E. Leku 897 3 Celecelea E. Taran 871 3 Besia Joyle K. 869 3 Celecelea E. William 895 3 Celecelea E. Sebi 887 3 Celecelea E. Domi 799 3 Romogi Tom 794 3 Pamoti Ondoa 793 3 Erepi W. Izale 823 2 Eleukwe Amoko 826 2 Eleukwe Pepuwa 870 3 Ramogi Florence 613 3 Pakoma Ambayo 875 3 Ebikwa Lule D. 633 2 Mbgere C. Sarah 637 2 Lepa Opio S.
89 Iranya 827 2 Mijale 781 3 Ebikwa RuzinaL. Baru 820 2 Mijale Bugu 777 3 Ramogi Betty 824 2 Marindi Idro L. 688 2 Marindi Murio N. 833 2 Mijale Dranya 858 2 Arra Maabwi 648 2 Aboki Drici 689 2 Marindi Paulline 663 2 Olia Owole 664 2 Leya Biawka 665 2 Oranyi Mark 666 2 Marindi Ura Lali 675 2 Pavuza Rijon 850 2 Eleukwe Widinzi R. 876 3 Ebikwa Pono 896 3 Celecelea Lazarus A 783 3 Ebikwa Alule 627 2 Pagirinya 626 2 Pagirinya Irama P. 620 3 Muya Waigo David 631 . Dzaipi C. Buni 635 . Gwai J 873 3 Moi P Kotichi Virgina L. 872 3 Ebikwa Jane 892 3 Celecelea Edea 891 3 Celecelea Leiga S. 890 3 Celecelea E. 779 3 Erepi C. Drici Gimani S. 801 3 Ramogi Anyanzo 683 2 Mogbere C. Luigi I. 771 3 Ramogi Idi J. 902 3 Besa Atoale 803 3 Ramogi Wandri J. 802 2 RaTnogi Ajudi 778 3 Ramogi Marica Aserua 805 3 Ramogi Mawadri 830 2 Mijale Utua 804 3 Ramogi Akule John 267 2 Ataboo C. Drici Casmiro 270 2 Ataboo C.
90 271 2 Ataboo C. Kiya Patrick 336 j 2 Kerelu Mesiku 313 2 Minia Idro 798 3 Ramogi William 796 3 Ramogi Ema 614 3 Pakoma Agwe J. 812 2 Elemukwe Simon 0. 859 2 Mijale Zakelle Edewa 822 2 Mijale Drani E. 646 2 Dzaip Ondua 849 2 Mijale Mure 654 2 Maimdi Amurani Pante 521 2 Dzaipi Labite P. 520 2 Pagirinya Kalandio 482 2 Olia Kenyi W. 514 2 Ataboo C. Alhai 2 Ataboo C. Anyaabe Patrick 30 2 Ataboo C. Mohamad Ali 29 2 Ataboo C. Idro 29 2 Ataboo C. rIbrahim 27 2 Ataboo C. Asienyo Mary 26 2 Ataboo C. Ezakii Mamdrama 25 2 Ataboo C. Keliki 24 2 Ataboo C. Laga Joseph 23 2 Ataboo C. Joyce T. 22 2 Ataboo C. Iranya D. 21 2 Ataboo C. Allio A. 20 2 Ataboo C. Ayiga N 19 2 Ataboo C. Kkoma B.J. 18 2 Ataboo C. Saidi 17 2 Ataboo C. Sammuel 16 2 Ataboo C. Kerim I. 15 2 Ataboo C. Chandiga M. 14 2 Kerelu G. Amadi 13 2 Kerelu Dr. Drakele 12 2 Kerelu Sabinae 11 2 Kerelu Dranim 10 2 Ataboo C Anyama 9 2 Ataboo C Mawa Majimino 8 2 Ataboo C Eriku Katagme 951 2 Marindi Aliga M. 920 2 Rassia Doka K.
91 452 12 Ataboo C. Haruna N. 932 2 Marindi C. Chezira 934 2 Marindi C. Annett Abigo 453 _ 2 Maliadero Wilson 0. 933 2 Marindi C. Vuni 454 2 Melladeri Guma P. 95 3 Ubbi North Skado 455 2 Mediaderi Igana B. 935 2 Marindi Caaser 428 2 Manyola Lodon 1012 2 Araa Joyce K. 1013 2 Araa Abdu 1015 2 Araa Kerebino 1016 2 Araa Kenyi 1017 2 Araa Rashid T. 168 2 Njojo Kaleo F. 86 2 Dzaipi Jurugo 88 2 Erepi-West Laii S 989 2 Mijale Vini 460 2 Ataboo C. Marrieta 449 2 AtabooC. Badri 448 2 __ Paluga Paupeo gule 927 2 Rasia Safio 926 2 Rassia Victor Opeplic 964 2 Rassia Yasin A 924 2 Marindi Luga David 925 2 Marindi Luga David 938 2 Marindi Mark 939 2 Marindi Mbaga 940 2 Marindi Paulina 447 2 Melicideri Droma 913 2 Marindi C. Maku C. 98 3 Erepi West Richard 96 3 Logubu South Azumku 953 2 Marindi C. Abasi H. 954 2 Marindi Iya 955 2 Marindi Ali 956 2 Marindi Maaatedra 957 2 Marindi Ocu 958 23 Marindi Izamma 947 2 Marindi Juma A. 948 2 Marindi Babala
92 [931 22 Anna 949 2 Icha E. I 950 1 Mamdi Adrupio 450 2 Melliaderi Okumu 929 2 Marindi C, William 928 2 Marindi Perino 432 2 Ataboo C. Owingi Nicholas 430 2 Palanyua Frangsia 0. 146 3 Erepi West Drici A. 77 1 Kal Centre Abo-da V. 776 1 Pacilo West Obur 75 i_Paacilo West Kilamna 74 1 Pacilo West Oroma 73 1 Pacilo West Obur D. 72 1 Kal West Okwera J. 71 1 Pacilo West Otenga 64 1 Pacilo West Ocaya 972 2 Marindi Aliga Brown 971 2 Marindi KaheoKaramula 970 2 Marindi Korinia 969 2 Marindi Aliga Brown 967 2 Marindi Achile Kemis 979 2 Arra Bashir 976 2 Yeu Peter A. 58 1 Mwa Ocan Opat 945 2 Rusia Yunis D. 946 2 Marindi Ratib I 912 2 Rusia Raito + 7 _ Marinyo Tiondi J. 6 2 Perecu John 5 2 Ataboo C. Ohoson 4 2 Ataboo C. Ondoa 3 2 Meliaderi Oriena Charles 2 2 Meliaderi Unziga Philip 1 2 Ataboo C. Gabu Swale 142 3 Erepi West Samson 140 3 Erepi East Abiri 139 3 Erepi West Madeline 138 3 Ubi-North Asikali 138 3 Logbu South Alex 133 3 Ubi-South Joseph 0. 132 3 Ubi - South Madre
93 442 2 Olia Moses A. 444 2 Orwanyi Lwa Issac 443 |2 Orwanyi Tako Simon 451 12_ Meliaderi Akule P. 444 2 Olia Angella 441 2 Pawinyo Samuel 442 2 Paruga Apiku 438 2 Maliaderi Karayio 437 2 Olia Adruplo A. 994 2 Arra Pramusu 993 2 Arra Ibba William 991 2 Liyeu Dranis 53 1 Kal Centre Odur Ss. 54 1 Laker J. 53 1 Akot M. 51 1 Kal East Layet 50 1 Kal East Boi Anyelo 49 1 Kal Centre Obaido 48 1 Kal West Fabio 0. 47 1 Kal West Opoka J. 46 1 Joseph Oruba Fabio Odida
45 - Pacillo West Gena 44 1 Pacilo West Ocan 43 1 Kal Ouma 42 1 Kal West Nifeko Agala 41 1 Llukalia Oroma Joseph 40 2 Marindi Betty 39 2 Marindi Apiku 38 2 Ataboo Central Anivu 37 2 Padula Simon 36 2 Ataboo C Ruzima 35 2 Ataboo C Esther 34 2 Ataboo C Mapine 33 2 Ataboo C Oyo 32 2 Ataboo C Adisa 31 2 Ataboo C Ali A.G. 157 3 Metu T.C. Margret Uzia 153 3 Pageribe Iga 152 3 Pageribe Mark 150 3 Erepi West Izama 89 3 Dzaipic Justine 149 3 Gwai Robeert
94 148 3 Minya William 458 2 Meliederi Apiteu
457 2 Meliederi Irama F456 2 Meliederi Ceasor D. 147 3 Minya Aadibaku 1026 2 Arra Akim 1025 2 Arra Morko Margret 1024 2 Arra Mawadri G. 128 3 Metu Maku 127 3 Erepi East Aaron P. 126 3 Erepi West Adauto D. 975 2 Yeu Iriko P.1. 985 2 Arra God Simon 985 2 Mijale Vuzi 987 2 Mijale Marichelo 988 2 Mijale Viri 974 2 Mrindi Idama J. 973 2 Mirindi Brown 125 3 Eripi Toyi J. 1001 2 Arra Ssusan - 1000 2 Arra Amaza L. 1002 2 Arra Maly 1003 2 Arra Amis S. 1004 2 Arra Hamaadi 1005 2 Arra Rashid N. 1006 2_ Arra Madrama T. 1007 2 Arra Mary J. 1008 2 Arra Made A. 1010 2 Arra K. Vuyaya 1011 2 Arra Jafari 1014 2 Arra Amaca Baya 0952 2 Marindi Habib 0461 Ataboo C. Wami 0930 2 Mirindi Oja 921 2 Miridi C. Francis 923 2 Miridi C. Drama A. 944 2 Rusua Martina 1023 2 Nyeru LaTatalina 1009 2 Arra Yasin F. 0996 2 An-a Susan 0445 2 Orwany 124 3 Paroma Brown
95 123 |3 Erepi W. Izama R. 122 3 Paroma Cadiga 459 2 Paluga Palmila 087 2 Dzapi C. Gobo 080 - Pacilo W. Okun 078 Pacilo W. Nyerere Julius 079 - Pacilo W. Lokooya 167 3 Nyojo Kowa 160 3 Ori (Amua) Kumi 163 3 Chinyi W. Joseph 162 3 Chinyi W. Aba P. 159 3 Chinyi E. Akuku 437 2 Dzapi C. Ibrahim 144 3 Erepi E. Philp 435 2 Pawinyo Agu 436 2 Aboki Awole 439 2 Pawinyo Dramani 440 2 Pawinyo Koliba 446 2 Ataboo C. William 997 2 Arra Yuchiri C. 998 2 Arra Francis M. 999 2 Arra Mutati A. 963 2 Marindi Uraa A. 962 2 Marindi Arua 961 2 Marindi Amadia 960 2 Marindi Micheal 57 1 Kal West Aciro M. 121 3 Pagoma John V. 936 2 Marindi Isac 977 2 Yeu Odumbe 429 2 Manyawa Edema E. 937 2 Marindi Zakan 966 2 Marindi Vadri P. 965 3 Marindi Mandua 978 3 Araa Philip 90 3 Gwai Anyango D. 91 3 Gwai Drani P. 92 3 Gwai Muraa I. 94 3 Pakoma Alege 943 2 Marindi Oja 959 2 Marindi Igema 942 2 Marindi Bakole
96 922 2 Marindi Okello S 941 2 Marindi James A. 1158 3 Patheri T.C. Martin 1 52 1 Kal Centre Openy too L.A. 59 1 Kal West Okiya R. 60 1 Kal Centre Lanyekko Y. 61 1 Kal West Obake 62 1 Kal West Okumu 63 1 Pacilo West Ocan 65 1 Pacilo West Oyat 66 1 Pacilo West Olango 67 1 Pacilo West Olum 68 1 Kal West LTnginy 69 1 Pacilo West Acellam Richard 120 3 Njojo Gobi A. 119 3 Pageribe Andama 118 3 Minya Adraga 117 3 Erepi West Dipio P 116 3 Erepi West Nduruka J. 3 Erepi West Abu 115 3 Pageribe Aziku 1133 3 Minya Angu 112 3 Metal Eriku [III 3 Gwayi Wui 108 3 Gwayi Onama 106 3 Gwayi Rejoy 107 3 Metu T.C. Natal 105 3 Pagembe Utou 104 3 Ginyi East Esther 103 2 Ori Ulu 1022 2 Arra Ingawre 1021 2 Yeu Gilbert I. 1020 2 Yeu Okuo 1019 2 Uyeu Limo Beatrice 1018 2 Ara Phillip 102 3 Erepi East Ben 101 3 Erepi East Candi 100 3 Erepi West Alice 109 3 Erepi West Kirilo 970 1 Pakilo West Odur Jack 984 12 PMijale Idraiw 983 2 Inyakwia David
97 982 2 Yeu Okoma 981 2 Arra Zakeo 980 2 Mij ale Dragulu 56 1 Kal West Atleo 968 2 Marindi Ambwe Christine 995 2 Arra Oraogu Steven M. 992 2 Arra Anyango 72 2 Ataboo C Yakater 571 2 Igga 1628 2 Arira Amurani 606 2 Dzaipi Amoko F 609 2 Dzaipi Monday Irama 1057 2 Mijale Elizeo 383 2 Kerelu Peter 388 2 Ataboo C. Dominic 387 2 Lerelu Oboja 386 2 Ataboo C Viciri M 385 2 Ataboo C Jaruniloso 384 2 Ataboo C Andrew 381 2 Marinyo Manza 382 2 Kerelu Dorothy 380 2 Marinyo Idrol 406 2 Kerelu Mondwa 404 2 Ataboo C James Babu 543 2 Pagirinya Igama K 544 2 Orwanyi Otima G 545 2 Mgbere Amin Balas 541 2 Dzaipi Neli S 501 2 Manyalwa Margret 542 2 Pagirinya Bala M. 485 2 Melladeri Alkomi F 526 2 Dzaipi C Apiku L 483 2 Olia Uga K 484 2 Melladen Igama A 582 2 Ataboo C Asusa 394 2 Ataboo C Gai M 395 2 Ataboo C Isaa D 406 2 Ataboo C Lulua A 596 2 Pokoma Mariam 591 2 Abokl Idraun J 992 2 Pawinyo Ojja G 589 2 Siuli Luli S
98 588 2 Palanya Pascat A 587 2 Manyallia Christine D 338 2 Kerelu Karulina 400 2 Kerelu Philip D 601 2 Pakoma Dria 390 2 Ataboo C Isaac 389 2 Atabbo C Anyama 575 2 Ataboo C Wefisa 579 2 AtabooC Nuru Saidi 576 2 Ataboo C Yusufa 567 2 Mellader Korn la Mania 396 2 Ataboo C Stephen A 403 2 Ataboo C Luga 402 2 Ataboo C Atama Moses 401 2 Ataboo C Mandera J 1070 1 Paciolo W Odori Moses 1034 2 Arra Olali 1036 2 Arra Salim 1037 2 Arra Henry 1038 2 Arra William 1040 2 Mijale Micheal 412 2 Ataboo C Ambayo 510 2 Ataboo C Dominic A 509 2 Palamyara Setmio 0 475 2 Owangi Flaminio 476 2 Ulia Igama Moniloga Luka 491 2 Melladeri Vuga C 525 2 Dzaipi Ambago D. 524 2 Dzaipi Akuku D 523 2 Dzaipi Pirimeria A 522 2 Dzaipi Amba G 527 2 Dzaipi Mangbi 511 2 AtabooC Unzi C 742 3 Erepi South UZA 743 3 Erepi South Onawa.S 530 2 Pawinyo Iama Terezio 531 2 Pawinyo Angella Yerea 462 2 Meliederi Dridri 463 2 Meliederi Opedi 464 2 Ataboo C Ilasin 0 465 2 Pawinyo Akuku C 590 2 Aboki Urizima J
99 [586 2 Manyawa Simon I.P. [747 3 Erepi West Natalen 598 3 Kinsi West Atoni 594 2 Paawinyo Abiri Bera A 569 2 Ataboo C Aluwe Peter 568 2 Ataboo C Layu Chwence 570 2 Meliadiri C Scondo Rununo 565 2 Melladeri Ian Aluziw 566 2 Ataboo C Muzami Ab Dullah 599 3 UJbbi North Santino 595 2 Paawinyo Duluka 564 2 Meliaderi C Kario Juliet 563 2 Melia Dere Maridio 157 2 Pageribe 493 2 Olia William 492 2 Olia Eberu E 512 2 Ataboo C Abdul G 371 2 Kerelu Iduo Dominic 471 Melladeri Origa D 516 2 Pagirinya Asobasi 479 2 Melladeri Ajirika 508 2 Pawinyo Umwa C 489 2 Melladeri Mawadri A 513 2 Ataboo C Mustapher A 488 2 Ataboo C Drug R 377 2 Kereu Tabbi Lawrence 1067 2 Araa Tako C 1068 1 Kal West Adot 419 2 Ataboo C Medina 1043 2 Mijale Alanj M 1047 2 Mijale Andoga 1054 2 Mijale Isaac A 1031 2 Nyevu Mary Mawdra 1033 2 Arra Kenyi 1035 2 Arra Sayidi 574 2 Ataboo C Kinya 573 2 Ataboo C Rahmnam 740 3 Erepi-South Odudu K 739 3 Erepi-South Maaiku J 737 3 Erepi-South Illllion J 578 2 Ataboo C Regina Mubusia 1062 2 Araa Regina
100 1063 2 Mijale Yoana K 1064 2 Araa Peter O 731 3 Ramoja 750 3 Erepi-West Iwa 405 2 Kerelu Anna 410 2 Ataboo C Nuru Saidi 409 2 Ataboo C Akotlo Hellena 408 2 Ataboo C Brown Daudi 407 2 Ataboo C Idru William 735 3 Erepi-South Atim F 755 3 Ramogi TomM 754 3 Ramogi Okoma R 753 3 Ebikwa Kanzuani A 741 3 Erepi-West Kla E 752 3 Erepi-West Mawa Goffey 746 3 West -Erepi James 745 3 West -Erepi James 744 3 Erepi-South Anzoa 154 2 _ Pageribe 155 3 Pageribe 156 3 Pageribe 160 3 Pakoma 161 3______W est ______Chinyi 536 2 393 Pagirinya Kanzo 39 ~~~~~~~______2Keel Hellen L. 604 2 Agaleijo Vundru 581 2 Ataboo C Mawawi George 583 2 Ataboo C Taddi A. 580 2 Ataboo C Adam 474 2 Orowanyi Mawadri 551 2 Mbzere Central Kemis 546 2 Marindi Chandiyay 593 2 Pawinyo LaguA 1059 2 Araa Knstopher 1060 2 Araa Ecima 1061 2 Araa Draparak J 392 2 Kerelu Oringa 577 2 Ataboo Central Iariphe 748 2 Erepi-West Jacob _749 3 Erepi-West Ogwa 1029 2 Nyewu Robert Vucwi 562 2 MelladereM Atara
101 736 3 Erepi-Sout Izaruk J.B. 734 3 Erepi-South Ayiko A. 732 3 Rainogi Ema 730 3 Ramogi Juwe 729 3 Erepi Draba A. 728 3 Erepi Anzo L 597 3 Kinyi-West Iya 414 2 Ataboo C Safi 413 2 AtabooC Igga 411 2 Ataboo C Izakara Felix 472 2 Oluranyi Joseph 473 2 Olia Village Tlondi G 537 2 Pawinyo Vurize Akokas 505 2 Meli deri Ceasar Leti 375 2 Kerelu Dominia Pinyiloya 478 2 Ulia Justin Uoi 477 2 Draipi C Opiku J 607 3 Gwai Dria I 415 2 Ataboo C Peter O 417 2 Ataboo C Mariam Achiya 1032 2 Nyui Syliva Vukoni 494 2 Orwanyi Atilio A 500 2 Manywala Akim 506 2 Palanywa Jurugo 376 2 Marinyo William Vunje 504 2 Manyyyola Burugi David 374 2 Kerelu Vuni Patrick 540 2 Meliader Richard Anollo 539 2 Dzaipi Sebi-M 538 2 Panginya Akuti 372 2 Kerelu Anguyo Gasph 534 2 Pagrinya Koma 547 2 Leya Anyanzo B 535 2 Pagirinya Chope 550 2 Orwanyi Gama M. 391 2 Ataboo C. Lagu 1066 2 Araa Eania N. 738 3 Erepi-West Mawa 1065 2 Arra Dravu B. 490 2 Meliadera Alu Christine 487 2 Meliadera Abio Kapulina 1041 2 Mijale Alice
102 1039 2 Mijale Sarah 532 2 Pagirinya Tereza Abola 517 2 Dzaipi Darnio 480 2 Oranya Akell o Florence 518 2 Pagirinya Lagu 481 2 Melaideri Mamiata Amoko 515 2 Miria Mamuna 2 Ataboo Taban Yasin 2 Ataboo Patrick Anyabe 3 Pameri Abu 2 Ataboo William 0 3 Aluru Mangosi F/Lagua A
103 i I i I
I
I