CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF THREATENED

NATIVE OLIVES (NOTELAEA SPP., OLEACEAE)

IN SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND

Chapa Gimhani Manawaduge BSc.

—„‹––‡†‹ˆ—Žˆ‹Ž‡–‘ˆ–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ ‘ –‘”‘ˆŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š›

 Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ‹‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡  ‹‡ ‡ƒ†‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ —Ž–› —‡‡•Žƒ†‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ʹͲʹͳ   Keywords

 ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ•’‡ ‹‡•”ƒ”‹–›ǡNotelaea ipsviciensisǡNotelaea lloydiiǡ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ǡ •›•–‡ƒ–‹ •ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ •ǡ ‹‰Ž‡ — Ž‡‘–‹†‡ ‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•ǡ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡŽ‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”›ƒƒŽ›•‹• 

‡›™‘”†•  ‹

Abstract



‹–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š”‡ƒ–•–‘„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ–‘‘ƒ›•’‡ ‹‡•”‡“—‹”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‹‹–‡† ”‡•‘—” ‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ ’”‹‘”‹–‹•‡ ƒ –‹‘ ˆ‘” –ƒšƒ ‘•– ƒ– ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ ”‹‘”‹–‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‹• †‘‡ „› ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒš‘ ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ƒ ™‡ŽŽǦ†‡ˆ‹‡† •‡– ‘ˆ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ Ž‡ƒ”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ–Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡• –ƒš‘‘›ǡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ‘ˆ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• Ž‹ˆ‡Ǧ Š‹•–‘”›–”ƒ‹–•‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘„‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ǤŠ‡‰‡—• Notelaeaȋˆƒ‹Ž›Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ȍ‹•‡†‡‹ –‘—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ† ‘•‹•–•‘ˆͳʹ•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š–™‘ƒ”‡ —””‡–Ž›Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ǤNotelaea ipsviciensisǡ™‹–Š‘Ž›ͳ͹ ƒ–—”‡–”‡‡•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†™‹–Š‹Ž‡••–Šƒʹʹ‹•Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ Notelaea lloydii ‹• Ž‹•–‡† ƒ• ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡ †—‡ –‘ ‹–• ”‡•–”‹ –‡† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‡ ‘’ƒ••‹‰ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›͵͹ͲͲʹǤ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–ƒš‘‘‹ — ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡••—””‘—†–Š‡•‡–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘–Šƒ”‡”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†‘ —”‹•›’ƒ–”›ƒ––Š‡‘Ž› ‘™ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‡”‡ N. ipsviciensis ‹• ˆ‘—† ƒ† N. ipsviciensis ‡šŠ‹„‹–• ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ƒ†N. ovata”ƒ‹•‹‰•’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘–Šƒ– ‹–‹•ƒƒ–—”ƒŽŠ›„”‹†‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘Ǥ ƒŠ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘‡˜‡–ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡Š›„”‹††‘‡•‘– ‡šŠ‹„‹–”‡†— ‡†ˆ‹–‡••”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ–ƒšƒǡ‹–ƒ›—Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›†‹•’Žƒ ‡’—”‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‘‡‘”„‘–Š’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ–ƒšƒƒ†–Š‡‡š–‹ –‹‘”‹•ƒ›„‡Š‹‰Šˆ‘” ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡN. lloydii‘ —”•‹ƒˆ‡™•ƒŽŽ†‹•Œ— –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡƒ† ‘ ‡”•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”ƒ‹•‡†ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ •— ‡••ƒ†‘‰‘‹‰’‡”•‹•–‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‹˜‡–Š‡Š‹‰Š†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ —”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡ƒ”ƒ ‡ ‹ –Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ǡ ‹– ‹• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –Šƒ– ‹–”ƒǦ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™‹•Ž‹‹–‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡•ƒŽŽƒ†‹•‘Žƒ–‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ›„‡ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–”‹•ǤŠ—•ǡ–‘‹ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡– •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ǡ‹–‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–‘”‡•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡•‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ •ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ†‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆN. lloydiiǤ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ›Šƒ‹‡† –‘ ”‡ ‘•–”— – –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaeaǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡

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‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡ˆ‹‡ •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ƒ† –‘ ‘†— – ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•„‡–™‡‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ† ‘‘Notelaea•’’Ǥ™‹–Š‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ

Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” •›•–‡ƒ–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‡• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† ‹ ‘‰”—‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’Žƒ•–‹† ȋtrnH-psbAǡ trnQ-rps16 ƒ† atpB-rbcLȌ ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” ƒ”‡”•ȋ ȌǤ ‹‰ŠǦ†‡•‹–›‹‰Ž‡— Ž‡‘–‹†‡‘Ž›‘”’Š‹••ȋε͹ͲǡͲͲͲ• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† —•‹‰ ”•‡“Ȍ ™‡”‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘” ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‰ ƒ† ”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š Notelaea ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Ǥ ˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š •‘‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• „‡–™‡‡Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†—•‹‰„‘–Š–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”› ƒƒŽ›•‡•, ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ™‡”‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ Š‹†‡”‹‰ ’”‡ ‹•‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ —””‡–Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡† •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ „‘–Š ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ”‡’—†‹ƒ–‡†N. ipsviciensisƒ•ƒ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ‰”‘—’ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹••–”‘‰Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataǤ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ•–ƒ†‹‰“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒ† –ƒš‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†N. ipsviciensisŠƒ•„‡‡”‡•‘Ž˜‡†‹ –Š‹••–—†›Ǥ –‹•”‡ ‘‡†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‹••’‡ ‹‡••Š‘—Ž† „‡†‘™‰”ƒ†‡†‘ ‡ˆ‘”ƒŽ–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘Šƒ•‘ —””‡†Ǥ‘–Š‡”‹’‘”–ƒ– ˆ‹†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•‹•–Šƒ––Š‡–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†N. lloydiiƒ†–Š‡‘”‡ ‘‘ƒ† ™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†N. microcarpa‡šŠ‹„‹–Š‹‰Š‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”•‹‹Žƒ”‹–›Ǥ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ –™‘ –ƒšƒ ‡šŠ‹„‹– –™‘ ‡š–”‡‡ ‰”‘™–Š ƒ† Ž‡ƒˆ ˆ‘”•ǡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•—•‹‰†ƒ–ƒ•–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”–••›‘›‹•‹‰–Š‡•‡–™‘ –ƒšƒƒ•ƒ•‹‰Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–ȋ —””‡–Ž›†‡• ”‹„‡†ȌN. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†‡šŠ‹„‹– ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›Ž‘™‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ Š‹‰Š ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ƒ† •‹‰• ‘ˆ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ †‡’”‡••‹‘ǡ ‘—’Ž‡† ™‹–Š ”‡•–”‹ –‡† ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ „‡–™‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‘‘ N. longifoliaǤ ‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› Ž‘™ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘—–’—– ‹ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‡’Šƒ•‹•‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ› „‡ ƒ– ”‹• ‘ˆ Ž‘ ƒŽ‹•‡† ‡š–‹ –‹‘ǡ –Š—• ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ƒ• ƒ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–—‹–ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’—”’‘•‡•ǡ‹•ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡†Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ†‡•’‹–‡

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–Š‡‹”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ””‡Žƒ–‡†‡••ǡƒ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘”–Š‡–™‘‡š–”‡‡‰”‘™–Šƒ† Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†„›N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii‹•— Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ— Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‹”‡ – ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡– †‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ†ˆ—–—”‡•–—†‹‡•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‡ Šƒ‹••”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”•— Š ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›”‡ ‘‡†‡†Ǥ



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Table of Contents

Keywords ...... i

Abstract ...... ii

Table of Contents ...... v

List of Figures ...... viii

List of Tables ...... xii

List of Abbreviations ...... xiv

Statement of Original Authorship ...... xv

Acknowledgements ...... xvi

Chapter 1: General Introduction ...... 1

ͳǤͳ   Ƭ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ ͳǤʹ       ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹ ͳǤ͵     ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶ ͳǤͶ    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ ͳǤͷ    Ǧ Ƭ     ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ ͳǤ͸   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ ͳǤ͹  NOTELAEAǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲ ͳǤͺ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹ Chapter 2: Phylogenetic & Morphometric Analysis of the Genus Notelaea 16

ʹǤͳ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͸ ʹǤʹ Ƭ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͲ ʹǤʹǤͳ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͲ ʹǤʹǤʹ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƬ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹ͵ ʹǤ͵ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͷ ʹǤ͵ǤͳŠ›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͷ ʹǤ͵Ǥʹ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƬ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ͳ ʹǤͶ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ͷ ʹǤͶǤͳŠ›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ͷ ʹǤͶǤʹ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶʹ

ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ‘–‡–•  ˜

ʹǤͶǤ͵ ’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡—•NotelaeaǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͷ ʹǤͶǤͶ ’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’’ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶ͸ ʹǤͷ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶ͹ Chapter 3: Genome-wide SNPs reveal inbreeding and restricted gene flow among N. lloydii populations in South-East Queensland and backcrossing with the hybrid N. ipsviciensis ...... 49

͵Ǥͳ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͻ ͵Ǥʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ͵ ͵ǤʹǤͳ–—†›•‹–‡•Ƭ•ƒ’Ž‹‰ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ͵ ͵ǤʹǤʹƒ–ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͷ ͵ǤʹǤ͵˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Š›„”‹†‘”‹‰‹‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͷ ͵ǤʹǤͶ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͷ ͵ǤʹǤͷ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™‹–Š‹ƒ†„‡–™‡‡ N. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ͸ ͵Ǥ͵ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸Ͳ ͵Ǥ͵Ǥͳ ›„”‹†‘”‹‰‹‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸Ͳ ͵Ǥ͵Ǥʹ’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡ƒ†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•͸͵ ͵Ǥ͵Ǥ͵ ‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™‹–Š‹Ƭ„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ƬN. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸͸ ͵ǤͶ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͻ ͵ǤͶǤͳ ›„”‹†‘”‹‰‹‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͻ ͵ǤͶǤʹ’ƒ–‹ƒŽ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡Ƭ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤ͹Ͳ ͵ǤͶǤ͵ ‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›Ƭ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™‹–Š‹Ƭ„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƬN. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹͵ ͵Ǥͷ Ƭ    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͷ Chapter 4: Comparative Life History Analysis of Rare & Common Notelaea spp. in South-East Queensland ...... 77

ͶǤͳ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹͹ ͶǤʹ Ƭ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͻ ͶǤʹǤͳ–—†›•‹–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͻ ͶǤʹǤʹ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Ƭ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͻ ͶǤʹǤ͵‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡Ƭ ‘‘Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͶ ͶǤʹǤͶ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͷ

ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ‘–‡–•  ˜‹

ͶǤ͵ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͷ ͶǤ͵Ǥͳ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͷ ͶǤ͵Ǥʹ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡Ƭ ‘‘Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͳ ͶǤͶ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹ ͶǤͶǤͳ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Ƭ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹ ͶǤͶǤʹ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡Ƭ ‘‘Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͲ ͶǤͷ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲʹ Chapter 5: General Discussion & Conclusions ...... 105

ͷǤͳ      NOTELAEAǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͷ ͷǤͳǤͳƒš‘‘‹  Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͷ ͷǤͳǤʹƒš‘‘‹  Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆN. lloydiiǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲ͹ ͷǤͳǤ͵ƒš‘‘‹  Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘–Š‡”Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͲ ͷǤʹ       N. LLOYDII ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͳ ͷǤ͵   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳʹ ͷǤ͵Ǥͳ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳʹ ͷǤ͵Ǥʹ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆN. lloydiiǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳ͵ ͷǤͶ Ƭ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͷ ͷǤͷ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳ͸ Chapter 6: References ...... 119

Chapter 7: Appendix ...... 155

  

ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ‘–‡–•  ˜‹‹

List of Figures



‹‰—”‡ ͳǤͳǣ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”ƒ ‡ ƒ† †‹•–—”„ƒ ‡ •—””‘—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘™ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† N. ipsviciensis ȋƒ”‡† ‹ ”‡†Ȍ ‡ƒ” —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›”‘ƒ†•‹†‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳ

‹‰—”‡ʹǤͳǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋ Ǧ Ȍƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹š —•‹‰ ʹΪ ΪΪʹ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” „‹ƒ”› ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹š ƒ† ͵—Ϊ Ϊʹ‘†‡Žˆ‘”†ƒ–ƒ•‡–ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ†‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ–Šƒ– ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹”‡† ‘Ž‘—”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹ͸

‹‰—”‡ʹǤʹǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋ Ǧ Ȍˆ”‘ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ITS†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Š‹†‡Žƒ–”‹š —•‹‰ ʹΪ Ϊ‘†‡Žˆ‘”„‹ƒ”›‹†‡Žƒ–”‹šƒ†Ϊ Ϊʹ‘†‡Žˆ‘” †ƒ–ƒ•‡–ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ† ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† •ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹”‡† ‘Ž‘—”Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹ͹

‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͵ǣƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ȋ ǦȌ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡ˆ”‘ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š ͷ͹ǡͻͲͻ •Ǥ Š‡ —„‡”• ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘†‡ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ •—’’‘”– ȋΨȌ ƒ† ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaeaǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‹ ”‡† ‘Ž‘—”Ǥ Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›‹ ‹‰—”‡•ʹǤ͹ȂʹǤͻǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͻ

‹‰—”‡ʹǤͶǣŠ‡ †‡†”‘‰”ƒȋ ‘’Š‡‡–‹  ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–αͲǤ͹ͺͲͺȌ ˆ”‘–Š‡ Ž—•–‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ǥƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea‡š ‡’––Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡•

‹•–‘ˆ ‹‰—”‡•  ˜‹‹‹

ȋ ̴‡™Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋ‹”‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡N. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘ –Š‡‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋ‹›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤŽŽ–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹ –Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ʹ

‹‰—”‡ ʹǤͷǣ  ƒ––‡” ’Ž‘– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹ –Š‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ͳƒ†ʹ”‡’”‡•‡–͵͸Ψƒ†ͳͶΨ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȌǤƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘ Notelaea‡š ‡’– –Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡•ȋ ̴‡™Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ȋ‹”‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡N. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋ‹ ›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤŽŽ–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵͵

‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͸ǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ͳ ƒ† ʹ ”‡’”‡•‡– ͻʹǤͳΨ ƒ† ͶǤ͹Ψ ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘ Notelaea‡š ‡’– –Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡•ȋ ̴‡™Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ȋ‹”‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡N. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋ‹ ›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤŽŽ–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵Ͷ

‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͹ǣ Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ‹–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‰‹˜‡‹ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͵Ǥ ‘” Ž‡ƒ” ˜‹•—ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ „”ƒ Š‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‘ŽŽƒ’•‡† ƒ† †‹•’Žƒ›‡† ƒ• –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡•ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”– ȋΨȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͲ

‹‰—”‡ ʹǤͺǣ Š‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa Žƒ†‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͵Ǥ Š‡ —„‡”• ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘†‡ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–ȋΨȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͳ

‹‰—”‡ʹǤͻǣŠ‡N. longifolia Žƒ†‡‹–Š‡ƒš‹— ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‰‹˜‡‹ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͵ǡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ N. punctataǡ N. venosaǡ ƒ† N. neglecta. Š‡ —„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–ȋΨȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶʹ

‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥͳǣ ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –™‘ ”ƒ”‡ ȋN. ipsviciensis ƒ† N. lloydiiȌ ƒ† –Š”‡‡ ‘‘ȋN. ovataǡN. microcarpaƒ†N. longifolia) Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•‹—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ȋ•‘—” ‡ǣ‘†‹ˆ‹‡†ˆ”‘–Žƒ•‘ˆŽ‹˜‹‰—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ„›”‡‘˜‹‰–Š‡‘—–Ž‹‡”•ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͲ

‹•–‘ˆ ‹‰—”‡•  ‹š

‹‰—”‡͵Ǥʹǣƒ’•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‹‰Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia ƒ†–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͶ

‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͵ǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒŽŽ–Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• •ƒ’Ž‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—” Notelaea •’’Ǥ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ‘ƒš‹•ͳƒ†ʹ ”‡’”‡•‡–ͳͶǤ͸Ψƒ†ͶǤͻΨ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͳ

‹‰—”‡͵ǤͶǣŠ‡’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡’‘•–‡”‹‘”’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‘–›’‡ Žƒ••‡•–‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š‡™ ›„”‹†•Ǥƒ Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ„ƒ”‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ –‘–ƒŽŽ‡‰–Š”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆͳǤͲǡƒ†–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ„ƒ”‘ —’‹‡†„›‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ „‡Ž‘‰• –‘ –Š‡ ‰‡‘–›’‡ ˆ”‡“—‡ › ƒ–‡‰‘”› †‡‘–‡† „› –Šƒ– ‘Ž‘—” ȋͳǣ ͳ•– ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”‡–ǡ ʹǣ ʹ† ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”‡–ǡƒ”Ž› ‡Ǥǣ‡ƒ”Ž›‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Š›„”‹†•ǡƒ–‡ ‡ǤǣŽƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ Š›„”‹†•ǡǣN. lloydiiǡǣN. microcarpaǡǣN. ovataǡ ̴‡™ǣ•ƒ’Ž‡• ”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ʹ

‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥͷǣ  ƒ––‡” ’Ž‘– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ  †ƒ–ƒ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••ƒ’Ž‡†ˆ”‘N. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpaǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͷ

‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥ͸ǣƒ’ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‰ ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ „‡–™‡‡ N. lloydii •ƒ’Ž‹‰ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸͸

‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥ͹ǣ ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ Ž‹˜‡Ǧ„ƒ ‡† ”‹‘Ž‡ ȋ—’’‡”Ȍ ƒ† ‡™‹ǯ• ‘‡›‡ƒ–‡” ȋŽ‘™‡”Ȍ ”‡‘˜‹‰ †”—’‡• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ƒ– Ž‘›† ‹”† ƒ”ǡ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡†‹™‹Ž†Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ‡”ƒǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ʹ

‹‰—”‡ ͶǤͳǣ ƒ’ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š •–—†› •‹–‡ ‹ ‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ ‘Ž‘—”Ǧ ‘†‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ •’‡ ‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͳ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤʹǣ ”‘™–ŠŠƒ„‹–‘ˆȋƒȌN. lloydii,ȋ„ȌN. ovata, ȋ ȌN. longifolia ƒ†ȋ†ȌN. microcarpaǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺ͵

‹‰—”‡ ͶǤ͵ǣ Notelaea lloydii ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ •–—†›ǣ ȋƒȌ ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ –”‡‡ ƒ”‡† ™‹–Šˆ‹˜‡„ƒ‰‰‡†ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ǡȋ„Ȍ‹ˆŽ‘”‡• ‡ ‡•ƒ†ȋ Ȍ”‹’‡‡† ˆ”—‹–•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͶ

‹•–‘ˆ ‹‰—”‡•  š

‹‰—”‡ͶǤͶǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘‹Ž’ ‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹ Žƒ›‡”ǣǡŠ‘”‹œ‘ǣƒ†ͳ Š‘”‹œ‘ǣͳƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ ”‘•••–—†›•‹–‡•ˆ‘”‡ƒ ŠNotelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳ ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͺ

‹‰—”‡ ͶǤͷǣ ””‘” „ƒ” ’Ž‘– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Ž‘’‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡† ƒ ”‘•• •–—†› •‹–‡• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͻ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͸ǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡–”‡‡Š‡‹‰Š–ȋȌǡ ”‘™™‹†–ŠȋȌƒ†  ȋ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ–ͳͲ ȋȌȌ‘ˆN. lloydiiǣǡ N. ovataǣǡN. longifoliaǣ ƒ†N. microcarpaǣȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͲ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͹ǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ˆ”—‹–•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ”ƒ–‡• ‘ˆN. ovataƒ†N. lloydii ‘˜‡”–‹‡ȋ—’’‡”Ȍƒ†„‡–™‡‡•‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”N. lloydii ȋŽ‘™‡”ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͶ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤͺǣ ”—‹–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•–ƒ‰‡•‹N. lloydiiȋƒȌˆ”—‹–•‡–Ȁ‡Žƒ”‰‡†‘˜ƒ”‹‡•ǡ ȋ„Ȍˆ‡™ƒ–—”‡ˆ”—‹–•™Š‹Ž‡‘–Š‡”•”‡ƒ‹•ƒŽŽǡȋ Ȍ•‘‡•ƒŽŽˆ”—‹–•–—”’—”’Ž‡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ–—”‹–›ƒ†ȋ†Ȍƒ–—”‡”‹’‡‡†ˆ”—‹–•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͷ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤͻǣ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹N. microcarpaǢȋƒȌ—Ž–‹Ǧ•–‡‡†’Žƒ–ǡ ȋ„ȌŒ—˜‡‹Ž‡ƒ””‘™Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘•–—’‘ˆƒƒ–—”‡–ƒŽŽ–”‡‡ǡȋ Ȍƒ””‘™ Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Žƒ–ǡȋ†ȌŽƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡ƒ–—”‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǡƒ†‹N. lloydiiǢ ȋ‡Ȍ͵–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ–ǡȋ†Ȍ•‹‰Ž‡Ǧ•–‡‡†’Žƒ–ǡȋ‰Ȍ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ† ȋŠȌƒ””‘™ƒ–—”‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͻ



‹•–‘ˆ ‹‰—”‡•  š‹

List of Tables



ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥͳǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡††—”‹‰–Š‡•–—†›ǤŽŽ•ƒ’Ž‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡ ‹—‡‡•Žƒ†—Ž‡•••’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͺ

ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥʹǣƒ‹”™‹•‡”‹‰Š–ǯ• •–˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽǡŠ‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‹Ž‹‰Š–‰”‡›Ȍ ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ȋȌ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ȋ—’’‡” †‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ N. lloydii

’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ‘’ƒ”‹•‘•ȋ’δͲǤͲͷȌƒ”‡•Š‘™ ‹„‘Ž†ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸Ͷ

ƒ„Ž‡ ͵Ǥ͵ǣ ‡•—Ž–• ˆ‘” Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ ‰‡‡–‹ • ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‹‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡•”ƒ‡†‹‘”†‡”‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ȟ  ȋ‘–‡ǣ–Š‡Dz‡•‹•–ƒ ‡dz ‘Ž—•Š‘™•–Š‡ƒ••‹‰‡†”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡•˜ƒŽ—‡•–‘ –Š‡„‹ƒ”›”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Žƒ›‡”™Š‡”‡†‡‘–‡•ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ƒ†–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸Ͷ

ƒ„Ž‡͵ǤͶǣ‡ƒ‘„•‡”˜‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‘Ȍǡ‡š’‡ –‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‡Ȍƒ†

‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ȋ Ȍ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š N. lloydii ƒ† N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡””‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ‹•‰‹˜‡‹„”ƒ ‡–•ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸͹

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›•‹–‡•ˆ‘”‡ƒ ŠNotelaea •’’ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͲ

ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤʹǣ ƒ’Ž‹‰ †‡•‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •—”˜‡› ‘ˆ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š•‹–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺʹ

ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤ͵ǣ ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š •–—†› •‹–‡ǡ „› ˜‹•—ƒŽ ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡’”‘–‘ ‘Ž•‰‹˜‡„›ƒŽ‡”Ƭ ‘’‹•ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺ͹

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͶǣ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ ”‘•••‘‹Ž Žƒ›‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š •–—†› •‹–‡ ȋ α –ƒ†ƒ”† ‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͺ

ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤͷǣ ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ’Žƒ– ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š •’‡ ‹‡• ȋ α –ƒ†ƒ”† ‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘Ǣα‡–‡”•ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͻ

š‹‹

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͸ǣŠ‡‹†‡š‘ˆƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‹‘ȋȌ‹‡ƒ ŠN. lloydii•‹–‡ǡ‡•–‹ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ƒ”‡•–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‡–Š‘†ȋα—„‡”‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡα‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒǡ ᇐ‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘—†ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒǡȁzȁα„•‘Ž—–‡˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”† ‘”ƒŽ†‡˜‹ƒ–‡ ‘””‡ –‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒ•™‹–Š‘„‘—†ƒ”›•–”‹’ƒ†•ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͳ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͹ǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•’‡”„”ƒ Š„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydiiǡƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻʹ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͺǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydii, ƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͵

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͻǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ ˆ”—‹–•ǡ„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydii, ƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͸

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳͲǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•„‡–™‡‡N. ovataǡN. lloydii ƒ†N. longifolia‹•‡ƒ•‘ͳƒ†™‹–Š‹ N. lloydii ‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘ •‡ƒ•‘•ȋ% fruit loss = % of [ No of Initial fruits -No of remaining fruits], % fruit removal by frugivores = % fruit loss in un-bagged branches – % fruit loss in bagged branchesȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹

‹•–‘ˆƒ„Ž‡•  š‹‹‹

List of Abbreviations



 „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–   Ž—•–‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹• ’  ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–  ‡–›Ž”‹‡–Š›Ž‘‹—”‘‹†‡

†† ʹ†‘—„Ž‡†‹•–‹ŽŽ‡†™ƒ–‡”   †‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ–ˆ‹•–Š‡‹‰Š–  †‡‘š›”‹„‘— Ž‡‹ ƒ ‹†  ˜‹”‘‡–”‘–‡ –‹‘ƒ†‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘  ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–  ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”‹Ž›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—‹–  ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹   ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘„›†‹•–ƒ ‡  ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘„›”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡   –‡”ƒŽ”ƒ• ”‹„‡†’ƒ ‡”   –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‘ˆ‘”‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘  ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–  ƒƒ‰‡‡–—‹–  ƒ–—”‡‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•ƒƒŽ›•‹•  ’‘Ž›‡”ƒ•‡ Šƒ‹”‡ƒ –‹‘  ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–  ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡•—”ˆƒ ‡  ‹‰Ž‡— Ž‡‘–‹†‡‘Ž›‘”’Š‹••

š‹˜

Statement of Original Authorship

 Š‡ ™‘” ‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• Šƒ• ‘– „‡‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› •—„‹––‡† –‘ ‡‡–”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”ƒƒ™ƒ”†ƒ––Š‹•‘”ƒ›‘–Š‡”Š‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‹‘‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ ‘–Š‡„‡•–‘ˆ›‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†„‡Ž‹‡ˆǡ–Š‡–Š‡•‹• ‘–ƒ‹•‘ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘”™”‹––‡„›ƒ‘–Š‡”’‡”•‘‡š ‡’–™Š‡”‡†—‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹•ƒ†‡Ǥ    

‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǣ QUT Verified Signature

 ƒ–‡ǣ  ͳͲ–Š ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲʹͳ

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Acknowledgements

 ‹”•– ƒ† ˆ‘”‡‘•–ǡ  ™‘—Ž† Ž‹‡ –‘ –Šƒ › ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ •—’‡”˜‹•‘” ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”—•ƒ —ŽŽ‡”ˆ‘”‰‹˜‹‰‡–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘—†‡”–ƒ‡›Š‹ƒ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ƒ– Ǥ  ƒ ‹‡•‡Ž› ‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž ˆ‘” Š‡” ƒ†˜‹ ‡ǡ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‡–ǡ•—’’‘”–ǡƒ†’ƒ–‹‡ ‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‹•’‡”‹‘†ǤŠ‡ƒ ‘’ƒ‹‡† ‡‹ƒŽ‘•–ƒŽŽ›ˆ‹‡Ž†™‘”ǡƒ†ƒŽ™ƒ›•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡Ǥ  ‘—Ž†‘–Šƒ˜‡Š‘’‡† ˆ‘”Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ„‡––‡”‡–‘”ˆ‘”›Š•–—†›Ǥ ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡–‘‡š’”‡••› †‡‡’‡•–‰”ƒ–‹–—†‡–‘™ƒ”†•›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡•—’‡”˜‹•‘”••‘ ‹ƒ–‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ––Š‡™ Š‹ŽŽ‹’•ˆ‘”Š‹•‰‡‡”‘—••—’’‘”–ǡ‰—‹†ƒ ‡ǡƒ†˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‡‡†„ƒ –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ ‡™ƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ••‹•–‡™‹–Š›‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ

™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ”‡–‡””‡–‹•ƒ†”ƒ˜‹† —”™‘‘†ˆ‘”–Š‡‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž ‘‡–•–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ ƒƒŽ•‘‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž–‘ ” ‹ŽŽ”‘™ǡƒ†”ƒ—”ƒ‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡—‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹—ˆ‘”–Š‡‹” ‹‡•‡•—’’‘”––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡–‘–Šƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ˆ ‹ –‘”‹ƒ ˆ‘” ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ –Š‡ Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •ƒ’Ž‡• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž• ȋ”‹•„ƒ‡ǡ ’•™‹ Š ƒ† ‘‰ƒ ‹–› ‘— ‹Ž• ƒ† ‘‡”•‡–‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ‘— ‹ŽȌˆ‘”‰”ƒ–‹‰‡–Š‡’‡”‹••‹‘–‘ƒ ‡••ƒ† ‘†— ––Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘ –Š‡‹” ‘— ‹ŽŽƒ†•Ǥ

ƒ‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”–Š‡–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ•–ƒˆˆǡƒ”‹ƒ›Ž‡ǡ‹ ‡–Šƒ†ƒ†‹ –‘”‹ƒ ‘›‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‰”‡ƒ–•—’’‘”––‘ ‘†— –›ˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ†Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›™‘”Ǥ˜‡”› •’‡ ‹ƒŽ–Šƒ‰‘‡•–‘”ƒ˜‹†— ‡”ˆ‘”Š‹•‰”‡ƒ–•—’’‘”–‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•™ƒ›•ƒ† ”ƒ”–‹‡‡––ˆ‘”Š‹•‰‡‡”‘—••—’’‘”–‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ ƒƒŽ•‘–Šƒˆ—Ž–‘” ƒ›ƒ  Šƒ”ƒ• Š‹ ƒ† ” ‡Ž‘†‹ƒ ƒ„‹ŽŽ‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‡– ƒ† •—’’‘”––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ

Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –™‘—Ž†‘–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Š‘—––Š‡ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•—’’‘”–„› ƒ† –Š‡ ‘›ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ —‡‡•Žƒ† ‡•‡ƒ” Š —†ǡ ƒ†  ™‘—Ž† Ž‹‡ –‘ ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡–Š‡‘•–‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‡•‡ƒ” Š™ƒ”†ȋȌ• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ˆ‘” –Š‡ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•—’’‘”––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‹•’‡”‹‘†Ǥ

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ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›–Šƒˆ—Ž–‘›†‡ƒ”‡•–”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•ǡ”‡†ƒǡ”‹ƒƒǡ ‹ƒǡ”‹•–‡ǡˆ‘”‘–‘Ž›•—’’‘”–‹‰–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•™ƒ›•ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘„‡‹‰ „‡•–ˆ”‹‡†•ǡ•Šƒ”‹‰ƒŽŽ›—’•ƒ††‘™•ǡ‡‡’‹‰‡‡–‡”–ƒ‹‹‰ƒ†‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ƒ‹‰•—”‡–Šƒ– †‘‘–‹••Š‘‡Ǥ˜‡”›‘‡––Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡•’‡– ™‹–Š–Š‡•‡Œ‘›ˆ—Ž’‡‘’Ž‡‹•ƒ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž‡‘”›–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽŽƒ•–ˆ‘”‡˜‡”Ǥ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ –Šƒ‰‘‡• ƒ‡•›ƒƒ†ƒ –‡™ƒ”–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‹†ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡƒ††”‡™ƒ†ƒŽ—Ǣ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š™‡†‹†‘–‰‡–— Š Šƒ ‡–‘ •’‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ ”‡ƒŽŽ›‡Œ‘›‡†–Š‡–‹‡™‡•’‡––‘‰‡–Š‡”†—”‹‰‘—”‰”‘—’ ‡‡–‹‰•ƒ†Ž‹––Ž‡‰‡–ƒ™ƒ›•Ǥ

›†‡‡’‡•––Šƒ•‰‘–‘ƒ›ƒƒǡ”ƒƒŽ‹ƒ†Šƒ”‹†—ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”— ‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ •—’’‘”–ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•–†ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ƒ””‹˜‡†Š‡”‡ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ›„‡Ž‘˜‡†ˆ”‹‡†•‹”‹ ƒƒˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’Ǥ˜‡”›•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–Šƒ‰‘‡•–‘›„”‘–Š‡” ƒ†•‹•–‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”•—’’‘”–ƒ†Ž‘˜‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘†‡†‹ ƒ–‡–Š‹•–Š‡•‹• –‘›„‡Ž‘˜‡†’ƒ”‡–•Ǥ ƒˆ‘”‡˜‡”‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”–Š‡‹”— ‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ‘˜‡ǡ•—’’‘”– ƒ†‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‡––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‹•Œ‘—”‡›Ǥ



 ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‡–•  š˜‹‹



Chapter 1: General Introduction



1.1 BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION

‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‹• ‘ ‡”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ††‡ Ž‹‹‰ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›–‘‡•—”‡–Š‡’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ†‡ ‘•›•–‡•ˆ”‘‡š–‹ –‹‘ ƒ† †‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‹‘–‹  ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ȋ‹†‡ƒ›‡” Ƭ —”‰ƒǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ ‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Šƒ•„‡‡†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡Dz˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ƒ‘‰Ž‹˜‹‰‘”‰ƒ‹••ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ •‘—” ‡•‹ Ž—†‹‰ǡinter aliaǡ–‡””‡•–”‹ƒŽǡƒ”‹‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”ƒ“—ƒ–‹ ‡ ‘•›•–‡•ƒ† –Š‡‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‘’Ž‡š‡•‘ˆ™Š‹ Š–Š‡›ƒ”‡’ƒ”–Ǣ–Š‹•‹ Ž—†‡•†‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ „‡–™‡‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‘ˆ ‡ ‘•›•–‡•dz ȋǡ ͳͻͻʹȌǤ ‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‘—” ‡š‹•–‡ ‡ ƒ• ‹– ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ› ‰‘‘†• ƒ† •‡”˜‹ ‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹‘—”Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ™‡ŽŽ„‡‹‰Ǥ

‘ •–”ڏ et al.ȋʹͲͲͻȌ’”‘’‘•‡†ƒƒ’’”‘ƒ Š–‘‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹™Š‹ Š –Š‡›Šƒ˜‡†‡ˆ‹‡†‹‡’Žƒ‡–ƒ”›„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•™‹–Š‹™Š‹ ŠŠ—ƒ•ƒ†–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š •›•–‡ ƒ ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ •ƒˆ‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‹‡ „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ƒ”‡ Ž‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ ‘ ‡ƒ ƒ ‹†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ •–”ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹  ‘œ‘‡ǡ „‹‘‰‡‘ Š‡‹ ƒŽ › Ž‡• ȋ‹–”‘‰‡ ƒ† ’Š‘•’Š‘”—•Ȍǡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ˆ”‡•Š™ƒ–‡” —•‡ǡ Žƒ† •›•–‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ƒ†ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ƒ‡”‘•‘ŽŽ‘ƒ†‹‰Ǥ‘‰–Š‡•‡ǡ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘ ‘”‡ˆƒ –‘”•†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –‹‰–Š‡ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š •›•–‡ ȋ–‡ˆˆ‡ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ Š‹Ž‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡƒ ‡ et al.ȋʹͲͳͶȌ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Šƒ–‘ ‡ƒƒ ‹†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡŽƒ†—•‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ Ž‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ—–”‹‡–•ƒ†ˆ”‡•Š™ƒ–‡”—•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›†”‹˜‡”•‘ˆ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ž‘••ƒ†–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‡š ‡‡†‹‰–Š‡•‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•Šƒ˜‡Žƒ”‰‡‹’ƒ –• ‘„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǤŠ‡”‡‹•‘†‘—„––Šƒ–Š—ƒ•Šƒ˜‡Šƒ††‹”‡ –‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‹ Šƒ‰‹‰–Š‡•ƒˆ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡ˆƒ –‘”•ǡƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› Ž‘••Ǥ ‘‘ƒǦ‘‘‡› ƒ† ‹„„ ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ Šƒ˜‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† Šƒ„‹–ƒ– Ž‘••ǡ Ž‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ ‘˜‡”‡š’Ž‘‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‹˜ƒ•‹˜‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‹˜‡ ƒŒ‘” ƒ–Š”‘’‘‰‡‹  –Š”‡ƒ–• –‘ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ —‡ –‘ •— Š –Š”‡ƒ–•ǡ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‹•

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳ

†‡ Ž‹‹‰ ”ƒ’‹†Ž›ǡ ƒ† • ‹‡–‹•–• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ ™‡ ƒ”‡ ˆƒ ‹‰ ƒ •‹š–Š ƒ•• ‡š–‹ –‹‘ ‡˜‡– †”‹˜‡ „› Š—ƒ• ȋ‹”œ‘ Ƭ ƒ˜‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ƒƒ‰‹‰ ƒ† ‘•‡”˜‹‰ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Šƒ•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ „‡ ‘‡ ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹’‘”–ƒ––ƒ•ȋ‹†‡ƒ›‡”Ƭ —”‰ƒǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ



1.2 SETTING PRIORITIES IN CONSERVATION

‹–Š –Š‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š”‡ƒ–• –‘ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ –‘‘ ƒ› •’‡ ‹‡• ”‡“—‹”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‹‹–‡† ”‡•‘—” ‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ȋ”‘‘• et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ‹”’ƒ–”‹ ǡ ͳͻͺ͵Ǣ ‹Ž•‘ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ ’”‹‘”‹–‹•‡ ƒ –‹‘ ˆ‘” –ƒšƒ ‘•– ƒ– ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‹– ‘‡• –‘ •‡––‹‰ ’”‹‘”‹–‹‡•ǡ •’‡ ‹‡• ”ƒ”‹–› ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘ ‡’– ‹ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰›ȋ•Š‡”ǡͳͻͺ͸Ǣƒ‡”Ž‘‡‰ǡͳͻͺ͸ȌǤǮ’‡ ‹‡•ǯ‹•–Š‡‘•–™‡ŽŽǦ‘™ƒ† „ƒ•‹ —‹–‘ˆ„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‹˜‡”•‹–›ȋ‡—‡‹”‘œǡʹͲͲ͹Ȍƒ†–Š‡–‡”Ǯ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǯǡ •‹’Ž›”‡ˆ‡”•–‘•’‡ ‹‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Šƒ”†–‘ˆ‹†‘”‘–ƒ• ‘‘ƒ•‘–Š‡”•ǡƒ† ’”‘‡–‘‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘‡‹‰Š–ƒ”‰—‡–Šƒ–ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡Ǯƒ••”ƒ–‹‘ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•ǯǡ –Š‡ Ž‘•• ‘ˆ •‘‡ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ‘Ž› ƒ Ž‹‹–‡† ‹’ƒ – ‘ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ƒ ”‘•••Š‘”––‹‡ˆ”ƒ‡•ƒ†Ž‘ ƒŽ• ƒŽ‡•ǡ‰‹˜‡–Š‡‹”Ž‘™ ƒ„—†ƒ ‡™‹–Š‹ ‘—‹–‹‡•ȋ ”‹‡ǡͳͻͻͺǢ‘Žƒ et al.ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ

‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•”‡ƒ‹• ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽȋ›‘• et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ‡–ǡ–Š‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•Šƒ•„‡‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†ƒ••–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›†‹• ‘˜‡”‡† –Šƒ––Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ ‘–”‹„—–‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›–‘Žƒ”‰‡Ǧ• ƒŽ‡ƒ†Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡” ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‘•• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ ƒˆˆ‡ – Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡•ȋ‘—‹ŽŽ‘– et al.ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ˜‡‹Š‹‰ŠŽ›†‹˜‡”•‡•›•–‡•ǡ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ› „‡ƒ•‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•–Š‡‘”‡ ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•‹‡ ‘•›•–‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰Ǥ•ƒ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‡˜‡ ƒ– Ž‘™ ƒ„—†ƒ ‡ǡ ’”‡†ƒ–‘”• ƒ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‹’ƒ – ‘ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ƒ• –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‹’ƒ – ‘ –Š‡ –”‘’Š‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•‹ƒˆ‘‘† Šƒ‹ȋ‹‘ŽŽ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘„›‘—‹ŽŽ‘– et al. ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ‹ Ž‘™Žƒ† –”‘’‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘”‡•–• ‹ ”‡ Š —‹ƒƒ Šƒ• †‹• ‘˜‡”‡† –Šƒ– †‡•’‹–‡„‡‹‰‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ”‡•–•’‡ ‹‡•ǡPouteria maximaȋƒ’‘–ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȌǡŠƒ•–Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•–ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‡‹”Žƒ”‰‡Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ†‰‹”–Šǡ’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ „—––”‡••‡•ǡ †‡•‡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǡ –Š‹  „ƒ” ƒ† Ž‘™Ǧ†‡•‹–› ™‘‘†ǡ –Š‡•‡ –”‡‡• ƒ”‡

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ʹ

”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž›”‡•‹Ž‹‡––‘ˆ‹”‡ǡƒ† ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ƒ”‡‹–‡‰”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ „‘–Šˆ‘”‡•–•–”— –—”‡ƒ†ˆ— –‹‘‹‰‹–Š‡ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ˆ‹”‡‹–‡•‹–›ƒ† ˆ”‡“—‡ › ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š Ž‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ Š‹‰Š ”‹• ‘ˆ ƒ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ†‹˜‡”•‹–›ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡Ž‘••‘ˆ–Š‹••’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‘—‹ŽŽ‘– et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ — Š •–—†‹‡• ”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž› Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š– –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ‹ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰Ǥ Š—•ǡ –ƒ‹‰ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡• –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽǤ

–‹•†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––‘†‡ˆ‹‡™Šƒ–‹•ƒ –—ƒŽŽ›ƒ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡƒ•–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ ‘–‹——ˆ”‘ ”ƒ”‡‡•• –‘ ‘‘‡••Ǥ  ‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ‡ƒ•—”‡ ”ƒ”‹–› „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ„—†ƒ ‡ǡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–•–ƒ–—•Ǥƒ‹‰‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–‘–ƒŽŽ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž› –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ǡ ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹•–• Šƒ˜‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† •‡˜‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ •’‡ ‹‡•”ƒ”‹–›ȋ‹†‡ƒ›‡”Ƭ—”‰ƒǡʹͲͲͷȌǤŠ‹• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘ –Š‡‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ǡŠƒ„‹–ƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–›ƒ†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡‘ˆƒ•’‡ ‹‡• ȋƒ„‹‘™‹–œ et al.ǡͳͻͺ͸ȌǤŠ‡•‡”ƒ”‹–› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ••‹•–‹•‡––‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ’”‹‘”‹–‹‡•ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›™Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ˆ—†•ƒ†”‡•‘—” ‡•ƒ”‡Ž‹‹–‡†Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ƒ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‹–Š ƒ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ǡ ƒ””‘™ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ†•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Šƒ„‹–ƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–›™‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’”‹‘”‹–›™Š‹Ž‡ƒ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Šƒ•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡ǡ„—–™‹†‡Ž› †‹•–”‹„—–‡†ƒ ”‘••ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆŠƒ„‹–ƒ–•ƒ›”‡ ‡‹˜‡Ž‘™‡” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’”‹‘”‹–›Ǥ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ –Š‡‹” ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘ ƒŽ•‘ †‡’‡†• ‘ –Š‡ †‡‰”‡‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†–Š”‡ƒ–•—†‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•Ǥ

Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‘ˆ‘”‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ–—”‡ǯ•‡†‹•–ȋ ‡†‹•–Ȍ‹• –Š‡„‡•–Ǧ‘™ǡ‘•– ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡‹˜‡–‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ•Ž‹˜‹‰‘”‰ƒ‹••ȋ ǡʹͲͳʹȌǤŠ‹•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘–‘Ž› ‘•‹†‡”•–Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡† ”‹–‡”‹ƒˆ‘””ƒ”‹–› Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‘” †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ‘˜‡” –‹‡ǡ „”‡‡†‹‰ •— ‡•• ”ƒ–‡•ǡ ƒ† ‘™ –Š”‡ƒ–••— Šƒ•Šƒ„‹–ƒ–†‹•”—’–‹‘ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ—•‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”–”ƒ†‡Ǥ – —–‹Ž‹•‡•ƒ„”‘ƒ†•‡–‘ˆ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‡š–‹ –‹‘”‹•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‡ƒ Š •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡ –Š‡ ‹–‘ ‹‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ Š‹Ž‡–Š‹•Ž‹•–‘•–Ž› ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡•‘ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•ƒ–ƒ‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žǡƒ› ‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†‘’–ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”•‡–‘ˆ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†Ȁ‘” ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͵

—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ••‡••‡†—†‡”ƒ•‡–‘ˆ™‡ŽŽǦ†‡ˆ‹‡† ”‹–‡”‹ƒǡ™Š‹ Š –ƒŽŽ‹‡• ™‹–Š ǯ• –Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•ǡ ƒ† ‡Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ Ž‹•–‡† —†‡” ‡ƒ Š ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ–—•ǣ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†ǡ ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† ‘” ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ȋ –Ȍǡ™Š‹ Š ‹•–Š‡—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ‘˜‡”‡–̵•ƒŒ‘”‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ˜‡”–Š‡Žƒ•––™‘ ‡–—”‹‡•ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒŠƒ•‡†—”‡†–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–†‘ —‡–‡††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆƒ› ‘–‹‡–ƒ††‡•’‹–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ˆˆ‘”–• ‹–‹••–‹ŽŽ‹†‡ Ž‹‡ȋƒŒ—‹ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ—””‡–Ž›ǡ‘”‡–Šƒͳǡ͵ͲͲ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡Ž‹•–‡†—†‡”–Š‡•‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ȋ –Ȍǡƒ†‹–‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ–‘ ‘†— –”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡•‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ–‹˜‡–ƒšƒ–‘‡•—”‡–Š‡‹” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ— Š”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•‘ˆ–‡—Ž–‹Ǧ †‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰•–—†‹‡•‘ˆ•›•–‡ƒ–‹ •ƒ†‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ • ƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰›–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•‹†‡–ƒ‹Žǡ‹–• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•ǡ–Š”‡ƒ–• ƒ†™Šƒ–•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’”‡˜‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‡š–‹ –‹‘ȋ‹†‡ƒ›‡”Ƭ —”‰ƒǡʹͲͲͷǢ‘—Ž±ǡͳͻͺͷȌǤ



1.3 SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF THREATENED SPECIES

›•–‡ƒ–‹ • ‹• –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ „‹‘Ž‘‰› –Šƒ– ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘‡ Žƒ–—”‡ƒ† Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹••„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‹”•Šƒ”‡†‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› Š‹•–‘”› ȋ‹’•‘ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •’‡ ‹‡• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ”‡Ž‹‡• ‘ Šƒ˜‹‰ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•„‡–™‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”Ž›”‡•‘Ž˜‡† •’‡ ‹‡•„‘—†ƒ”‹‡••‘–Šƒ–•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ„‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ† ‘•‡”˜‡†ǡƒ†˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‡ˆˆ‘”–• ƒ”‡ ‘– †‹”‡ –‡† –‘™ƒ”†• ‹ ‘””‡ –Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡† –ƒšƒǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰Š›„”‹†•Ǥ‘„‹‡†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ†‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •–—†‹‡• ‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘’Ž‡š‡• ‹ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ Šƒ˜‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–• ‘ˆ •— Š ƒƒŽ›•‡• ‹ †‡–‡”‹‹‰ –ƒš‘‘‹  „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ƒ† ƒ‹†‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ ƒ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ Pityrodia scabra ȋ›ƒŽƒ– Š‡ˆ‘š‰Ž‘˜‡ȌŠƒ•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ‡™•—„•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ†”‡•‘Ž˜‡†–ƒš‘‘‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•ǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡– •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ȋŠ‡’Š‡”† et al.ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤPityrodia scabra™ƒ•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ• ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ”‡•–’Žƒ–•‹—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǡŽ‹•–‡†ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘™ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ”‡†— ‡† –‘ ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ‡š–ƒ– ’Žƒ– ‘˜‡” ʹͷ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  Ͷ

‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ ͵ͷ ‡™ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ˆ”‘ ”‡ ‡– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ –‹‘–Šƒ–‹˜‘Ž˜‡†–”‹‰‰‡”‹‰•‡‡†Ž‹‰”‡ ”—‹–‡–„›•–‹—Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ •‘‹ŽǦ•–‘”‡† •‡‡†• –Š”‘—‰Š •–”ƒ–‡‰‹  ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† „—”‹‰Ǥ ‘‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ˆƒ”ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡–›’‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘™‡”‡†‡–‡”‹‡†–‘„‡P. scabra”ƒ‹•‹‰ †‘—„–•ƒ„‘—–‹–• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•Ǥ ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•„‡Ž‘‰–‘‘‡–ƒš‘ǡ P. scabraǡ–Š‡‹–™‘—Ž†„‡”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•”ƒ”‡„—–‘–‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡† •Ž‹‰Š– ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘• †‡ƒ†‹‰ ˆ—”–Š‡” †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†–ƒš‘‘‹ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ•‹‰„‘–Š‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ†‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒǡ Š‡’Š‡”† et al.ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ‡™•—„•’‡ ‹‡•–Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡–”‡ƒ–‡†ƒ•ƒ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘—‹–Ǥ— Š•–—†‹‡•Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š––Š‡‡ ‡••‹–›‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡–„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ



1.4 POPULATION GENETICS AND CONSERVATION

’”‘˜‹‰ ‘—” ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‘ˆ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • Š‡Ž’• —• –‘ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ ƒ ‘”‡ ƒ —”ƒ–‡’‹ –—”‡‘ˆ’ƒ––‡”•‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†’”‘ ‡••‡•‹”ƒ”‡ƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ –’‡”‹–•ƒ‘”‡’”‡ ‹•‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‡ Šƒ‹••–Šƒ–‰ƒ˜‡ ”‹•‡ –‘ ‹–• —””‡– –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •–ƒ–‡ ˜‹ƒ –Š‡ “—ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ †‡’”‡••‹‘ǡ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡ƒ†Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ ™‹–Š‹ƒ–—”ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋ‡ƒŽŽ‡Ƭƒ–‘ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ•‘‡ƒ•’‡ –• ‹ ”‡•–‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† ’Žƒ– ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ ‘Ž› „‡ ƒ††”‡••‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• ȋ‘‰ Ƭ —ǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤƒ›•–—†‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡ƒ••‡••‡†–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡• Šƒ˜‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •‘ˆ –Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋŠ”‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ””‡–– Ƭ‘ŠǡͳͻͻͳǢ—””‘—‰Š et al.ǡʹͲͳͺǢ ‹’‘ŽŽ‹‹ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ‘‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ǢŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ™‹ˆ– et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ

‘‰ et al. ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • •–—†› ‘ ƒ ƒ””‘™Ž› †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ”ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ–ǡ Cinnamomum chagoǡ ƒ† •—‰‰‡•–‡† •‘‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Š‡ Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡” •—”˜‹˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ Š‡› ‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†•–”— –—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡”‡ƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ C. chago ƒ†™‡”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–™‘’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ǡ–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†’”‹‘”‹–‹•‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–™‘

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͷ

’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‹–‡•‹ˆ‹‡† ’”‘–‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ex-situ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘˜‹ƒ‰‡”’Žƒ••–‘”ƒ‰‡ƒ†ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•‡‡†Ž‹‰•ƒ†”‡‹–”‘†— –‹‘• ‘ˆ C. chago –‘ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡ ”‡ ‘˜‡”› ‘ˆ ™‹Ž† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡ ‡–Ž›ǡ ƒ‘–Š‡” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • •–—†› Šƒ• „‡‡ —†‡”–ƒ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† Melaleuca irbyana ȋ•™ƒ’–‡ƒ–”‡‡Ȍ–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›–‘ƒ†˜‹•‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡•–‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ—””‘—‰Š et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤMelaleuca irbyana ‹•”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘ƒˆ‡™‹•‘Žƒ–‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ† ‘”–Š‡”‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡•Ǥ’‘”‡ ‡–†‹• ‘˜‡”›‘ˆ‡™†‹•Œ— –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ ‡–”ƒŽ —‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ —”‰‡– ‡‡† –‘ „‡––‡” —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹• Ž‡ƒ”Ž›•Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ ‡–”ƒŽ —‡‡•Žƒ† ™‡”‡ ‰‡‡–‹ ƒŽŽ› †‹˜‡”‰‡– ƒ† †‹•–‹ –ˆ”‘‘–Š‡”’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡‘”–Š‡”‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡•’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‡”‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‹•‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•ƒ†˜‹•‡† –Šƒ–‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š”‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–”ƒ•Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‡–‘„‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—––‘‡•—”‡ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ”‡—•–„‡–ƒ‡™Š‡‹– ‘‡•–‘–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ—‡‡•Žƒ†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ•–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ ƒ••‹‹Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ††‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ •™ƒ’‹‰ǤŠ‹••–—†›•Š‘™•Š‘™‹’‘”–ƒ–‹–‹•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ‰‡‡–‹  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •’‡ ‹‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘†‡ ‹•‹‘•Ǥ

––‡™‡ŽŽet al. ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌŠƒ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’”‹‘”‹–‹•ƒ–‹‘ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ˆ‘” ”ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ–• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–• ‘ˆ ‡› ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•Ǣ

‰‡‡–‹  †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ •–Ȍǡ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ™‹–Š‹

’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ȋ‡š’‡ –‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋHȌƒ†‹„”‡‡†‹‰ȋF ȌȌǤ –Š‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šǡ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ƒ”‡ ”ƒ–‡† ƒ• ǮŠ‹‰Šǯ ‘” ǮŽ‘™ǯ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ ƒ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡ Šƒ”Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Š‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡ––‡™‡ŽŽet al.ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌŠƒ˜‡•—‰‰‡•–‡† ‡‹‰Š– • ‡ƒ”‹‘• ƒ† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ ‘”

‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒ’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–ŠŽ‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋ •– δͲǤͳͷȌǡ Š‹‰Š ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† Ž‘™ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ™‹–Š‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•‰‡‡–‹ ƒŽŽ›Š‡ƒŽ–Š›ǡ–Š—•ƒƒ‰‹‰–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ† †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  –Š”‡ƒ–• –‘ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ƒ† ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™™‘—Ž† „‡ •—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–ˆ‘”•— Šƒ’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ  ‘–”ƒ•–ǡƒ’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‰‡‡–‹ 

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ –• εͲǤͳͷȌǡ Ž‘™ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† Š‹‰Š

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͸

‹„”‡‡†‹‰™‹–Š‹–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹•ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–‹–‡•‹–›ƒ† ‘•–™‘—Ž†„‡Š‹‰ŠǤ ‘”•— Š•’‡ ‹‡•ǡˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ’”‹‘”–‘ ƒ› ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘ „‡ ƒ—•‡ •‘‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡• •— Š ƒ• –”ƒ•Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘—Ž†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ‘—–„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ’”‘˜‹†‡• ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Š‡ Ž‘‰Ǧ –‡” •—”˜‹˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† ’Žƒ– •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‹– „”‹†‰‡• –Š‡ ‰ƒ’ „‡–™‡‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”• ‡ƒ„Ž‹‰ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–‘ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†’Žƒ–•Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’”‹‘”–‘‹•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒ –‹‘•‹–‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‡ Šƒ‹••Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‰‡‡–‹ ”‹•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤŽ‘™‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†Ȁ‘”Š‹‰Š’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–”— –—”‡ȌǤ‘†‘–Š‹•ǡ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ‘ˆ–‡ —•‡ ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ”ƒ”‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘ ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”•Ǥ



1.5 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF LIFE-HISTORY & REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN RARE VS COMMON SPECIES

Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ› ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ƒ—•‡• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–›Ǥ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ƒ—•‡• ƒ „‡ ‡ƒ•‹Ž› ƒƒ‰‡†Ǥ ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ ‹ˆ ƒ •’‡ ‹‡• †‡ Ž‹‡• †—‡ –‘ †‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ Šƒ„‹–ƒ–”‡•—Ž–‹‰ˆ”‘Š—ƒ‹’ƒ –•‹–ƒ›„‡•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡•–‘”‡†„›–ƒ‹‰ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ƒ –‹‘•–‘’”‘–‡ –‹–•Šƒ„‹–ƒ–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹ˆƒ•’‡ ‹‡•‹•”ƒ”‡†—‡–‘Ž‘™ ˆ‹–‡••ǡ–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ˆˆ‘”–•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–’”‘–‡ –‹‰Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ƒ›‘–„‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡–”ƒ‹–•‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ†–‘”ƒ”‹–›•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ ‡› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‘ƒŽǤŠ‡ ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ”ƒ”‹–› ƒ„‡„”‘ƒ†Ž› ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡†ƒ•‡‹–Š‡” ‹–”‹•‹ ȋƒ–—”ƒŽȌ‘”‡š–”‹•‹ ȋƒ–Š”‘’‘‰‡‹ Ȍȋ Žƒ–Š‡”Ƭ‹‡‰ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤƒ–—”ƒŽ‘” ‹–”‹•‹  ƒ—•‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡•̵ ‹Š‡”‡– „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •Ǥ ”ƒ‹–• •— Šƒ•Ž‘™ ‰”‘™–Š ”ƒ–‡•ǡ Ž‘™ ˆ‡ —†‹–›ǡ Žƒ”‰‡ –‡””‹–‘”› ƒ”‡ƒ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ‘ —’›‹‰Š‹‰Š‡”–”‘’Š‹ Ž‡˜‡Ž•ǡŠ‹‰Š†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ Žƒ”‰‡„‘†›•‹œ‡ǡ„‹‘–‹ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•‡– ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ–—”ƒŽ„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•–Šƒ– ƒ› ƒ—•‡•’‡ ‹‡•”ƒ”‹–›Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͹

’ƒ”–ˆ”‘•— Š„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•ǡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–•‹Šƒ„‹–‡† „›•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ•— Šƒ•Ž‘™ ƒ””›‹‰ ƒ’ƒ ‹–‹‡•†—‡–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•Ž‹‹–‹‰ƒ„‹‘–‹ ˆƒ –‘”• ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•–Š‡‡ ‘•›•–‡–”ƒ‹–•–Šƒ– ƒ—•‡”ƒ”‹–›‘ˆƒ•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥȋ Žƒ–Š‡”Ƭ ‹‡‰ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ‹‡›ǡͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ ’Žƒ–•ǡŽ‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”›ƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ƒ „‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡†‹–‘ˆ‘—”‰”‘—’•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ǣ‹Ȍ‰”‘™–Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ȋ•‹œ‡ǡ ‰”‘™–Š ”ƒ–‡ǡ Ž‘‰‡˜‹–›ǡ •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ˆ‘” ‡– ǤȌǢ ‹‹Ȍ ”‡’”‘†— –‹‘ȋˆŽ‘™‡”’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ„”‡‡†‹‰•›•–‡ǡˆ”—‹–•ƒ†•‡‡†’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ •‡‡† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ ǡ •‡‡† †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘†‡ ‡– ǤȌǢ ‹‹‹Ȍ „‹‘–‹  ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•ȋ ‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡŠ‡”„‹˜‘”›ǡ•‡‡†’”‡†ƒ–‹‘‡– ȌǢƒ†‹˜Ȍƒ„‹‘–‹  ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•ȋŠƒ„‹–ƒ– Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ ǡ Ž‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‰‡•ǡ‡†ƒ’Š‹ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•‡– ȌǤ ƒ”‹‘—• ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ˆƒ –‘”•ƒ›‘ —”‹ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ†‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ—•‡•ƒ›ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡–Š‡†‡Ž‹˜‡”›‘ˆ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ

’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹•‘•–Ž›’Žƒ ‡†‘’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆŠƒ„‹–ƒ–ǡ›‡–‹ˆ ”ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ–• ƒ”‡ –‘ ’‡”•‹•– ‹ –Š‡ Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”ǡ –Š‡› —•– ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡Ž› ƒ –‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ȋ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ •‡‡† ’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ† •—”˜‹˜ƒŽȌƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–ȋ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–Ȍ’Šƒ•‡•‘ˆƒ’Žƒ–ǯ• Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ”‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ”ƒ”‹–›ȋ”‘™ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ •–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ ‘†— –‡†ˆ‘ —••‹‰‘–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ”ƒ”‡’Žƒ– •’‡ ‹‡•–‘‹’”‘˜‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ†‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ȋƒ‹Ž‡›Ƭ‡˜ƒǡ ʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ™ƒ et al.ǡͳͻͺͷǢ”‘™ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ‘‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸Ǣ—””ƒ› et al.ǡʹͲͲʹǢ ›‡” et al.ǡʹͲͲͷǢ‹‘Ƭ—ƒŽŽ ƒ›ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ‹’‡•Ƭ‡’‡†‹‘ǡͳͻͻͷǢ‘‰Ƭ —ǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ‹’‡•ƒ†‡’‡†‹‘ȋͳͻͻͷȌ•–—†‹‡†–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ”‡ ‘” Š‹†ǡ Spiranthes diluvialisǤ Š‡› ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ˆŽ‘”ƒŽ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ „”‡‡†‹‰ •›•–‡ ƒ† ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ S. diluvialis ƒ† ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”•‘ˆ–Š‹•’Žƒ–™‡”‡„—„Ž‡„‡‡•ǤŠ—•ǡƒ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡– ’Žƒˆ‘”S. diluvialis —•–ƒŽ•‘ ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ„—„Ž‡„‡‡•Ǥ‘–Š‡” •–—†›–Šƒ–ˆ‘ —•‡†‘•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘‰”ƒ•••’‡ ‹‡• Šƒ•ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ƒ‘‰”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•–Šƒ–”‡ˆŽ‡ – ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ȋƒ„‹‘™‹–œƬƒ’’ǡͳͻͺͳȌǤ

‡‡†„‹‘Ž‘‰›‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•’‡ ––‘•–—†›‹”ƒ”‡’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ• •‡‡†•’Žƒ›ƒˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡’Žƒ–Ž‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡Ǥ‡‡†••–‘”‡–Š‡Š‡”‡†‹–ƒ”›

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͺ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–ǡ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽǡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ”‡’”‘†— –‹‘”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǤŽƒ–•Šƒ˜‡—‹“—‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • Ž‹‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ•‡‡††‘”ƒ ›„”‡ƒ‹‰”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ‰‡–• ƒ† ‡ Šƒ‹•• ‡– Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ƒ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰› •–—†‹‡•‘”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†•‡‡† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ȋ”‘™ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ǢŠ‡••‡”Ƭ”‡™‡”ǡʹͲͳͳǢòœ„‡”‰‘˜žǡʹͲͲͷǢ—””ƒ› et al.ǡʹͲͲʹǢ’Ž‡” et al.ǡͳͻ͹ͷǢ Š‡•‡ et al.ǡͳͻͻͶǢ‹‘Ƭ—ƒŽŽ ƒ›ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ‘–‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ ”‡ ‡–•–—†›‘•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–‹Pouteria splendens ‹Š‹Ž‡Šƒ• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒˆ Ž‹––‡” ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ˆ‘” •‡‡† •—”˜‹˜ƒŽǤ Š—•ǡ ƒ› ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–•–”ƒ–‡‰›•Š‘—Ž†ˆ‘ —•‘’”‘–‡ –‹‰ƒ†—Ž– ’Žƒ–•ƒ• ™‡ŽŽƒ•Ž‡ƒˆŽ‹––‡”—†‡”–Š‡–”‡‡•ƒ†•Š‘—Ž†”‡•–”‹ ––Š‡‡š–”ƒ –‹‘‘ˆŽ‡ƒˆŽ‹––‡” ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡•‹–‡•ˆ‘”‰ƒ”†‡‹‰ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ ‘‘’”ƒ –‹ ‡‹ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹Ž‡ȋ‘–‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ‘•–’Žƒ–•†‡’‡†‘•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ‰‡–•–‘‡•—”‡ –Š‡‹”Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”•—”˜‹˜ƒŽȋ ‘™‡ƬƒŽŽ™‘‘†ǡͳͻͺʹǢ”‹ƒ Ƭ‹ƒ‘ǡͳͻͻʹȌƒ† –Š‡•‡ƒ‰‡–•—•–„‡’”‘–‡ –‡†‹ˆƒ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•‹•–‘’‡”•‹•–Ǥ



1.6 RATIONALE OF THE CURRENT STUDY

Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ƒ –‹‘•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ ‘•‡”˜‡”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ•–Š‡›ƒ”‡‘”‡ ’”‘‡–‘‡š–‹ –‹‘–Šƒ ‘‘‘‡•Ǥ‘‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ‘•‡”˜‡”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‹–‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ˆƒ –‘”• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ”ƒ”‹–›Ǥ ‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡—„‡”‘ˆ•–—†‹‡•‘’Žƒ–”ƒ”‹–›ǡ‘ ‘•‹•–‡– ƒ—•ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”• ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ ™ƒ› –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ—•‡• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†› •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡƒ›•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰ •›•–‡ƒ–‹  — ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡• ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ† ƒ‘‰ •ƒŽŽǡ ”‡ƒ– ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• –‘‹ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ –‹‘• ˆ‘” •’‡ ‹‡•”‡ ‘˜‡”›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‘”ƒ›”ƒ”‡ƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ•— Š„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ”‡ƒ‹•—‘™‘”—†‡”Ǧ•–—†‹‡†Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͻ

Š‹•‹•–Š‡ ƒ•‡ˆ‘”–™‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ–‹˜‡‘Ž‹˜‡‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ǣNotelaea lloydiiƒ†N. ipsviciensisǤŠ‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ–”‹•†—‡–‘ –Š”‡ƒ–•ˆ”‘Šƒ„‹–ƒ–Ž‘••ƒ†ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘‹•‘—–ŠǦ ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ‘”‡•‡ƒ” ŠŠƒ•„‡‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ –Š‡•‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ†‹–‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ–Šƒ–ƒ ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‰‡‡–‹  •–—†›‹•—†‡”–ƒ‡–‘‹ˆ‘”–Š‡‹” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ

1.7 THE GENUS NOTELAEA

Š‡‰‡—•Notelaeaǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ǡ‹•‡†‡‹ –‘‡ƒ•–‡”—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ƒ†ƒ•ƒ‹ƒȋ ”‡‡ǡͳͻ͸ͺȌ. Š‡‰‡—• ‘•‹•–•‘ˆ‡˜‡”‰”‡‡•Š”—„•‘”•ƒŽŽ –”‡‡• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡†„›‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹’Ž‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•™‹–Š‡–‹”‡‘” ”‡—Žƒ–‡ƒ”‰‹•ǡ ƒš‹ŽŽƒ”›‹ˆŽ‘”‡• ‡ ‡•ƒ†›‡ŽŽ‘™‹•Š„‹•‡š—ƒŽˆŽ‘”‡–•™‹–Šˆ‘—”’‡–ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡ˆ”—‹–‹• ƒ†”—’‡™‹–Šƒ•‹‰Ž‡•‡‡†Ǣ‡ŽŽ‹’•‘‹†–‘‰Ž‘„‘•‡™‹–ŠˆŽ‡•Š›’—”’Ž‹•Š‡•‘ ƒ”’ƒ† Šƒ”†‡†‘ ƒ”’Ǥˆ–Š‡ͳʹ‘™Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ȋǡʹͲͳ͸Ȍ, –™‘ƒ”‡Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†. Notelaea ipsviciensis ȋ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǡ ™‹–Š‘Ž›ͳ͹‘™ƒ–—”‡–”‡‡• †‹•–”‹„—–‡†™‹–Š‹Ž‡••–Šƒʹʹ‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͳǤͳȌǡ‹•Ž‹•–‡† ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† —†‡” –Š‡   – ƒ† ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† —†‡” –Š‡ Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 ȋ –ȌǤNotelaea lloydii ‹•Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡—†‡”„‘–Š–Š‡ –ƒ† –†—‡–‘‹–•”‡•–”‹ –‡††‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‡ ‘’ƒ••‹‰ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͵͹ͲͲ ʹ ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡ ʹͲͲͺǢ ƒ–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ȋ™‹Ž†Ž‹ˆ‡Ȍ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ

ƒš‘‘‹ — ‡”–ƒ‹–›•—””‘—†•ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”Ǧ‰‡‡”‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•™‹–Š‹ –Š‡•—„–”‹„‡Ž‡‹ƒ‡ȋƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲȌƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaea ƒ”‡ — Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ †‹ƒ‰‘•–‹  ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‹‰ ƒ† N. ipsviciensis ‡šŠ‹„‹–• ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› „‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ƒ†N. ovata ”ƒ‹•‹‰•’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–‹–‹•ƒƒ–—”ƒŽŠ›„”‹†‘ˆ –Š‡–™‘ȋ‡›Ž‡˜‡Ž†ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ –‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–‘”‡•‘Ž˜‡ƒ›–ƒš‘‘‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ’‘‘”Ž› †‡ˆ‹‡† •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡•ǡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ƒ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ȋ‰ƒ’‘™ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ ”ƒ ”ƒˆ–ǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ ‹‹  et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͻǢ — ‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ Š‹• ‹• „‡•– ƒ Š‹‡˜‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳͲ

‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡ •›•–‡ƒ–‹  ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ —•‹‰ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•Ǥ





‹‰—”‡ ͳǤͳǣ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”ƒ ‡ ƒ† †‹•–—”„ƒ ‡ •—””‘—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘™ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† N. ipsviciensis ȋƒ”‡† ‹ ”‡†Ȍ ‡ƒ” —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›”‘ƒ†•‹†‡



–‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ––‘ Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‹•Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘‹••—‡‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǡƒ•‘‡ ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”‡–ǡ N. lloydiiǡ ‹• ƒ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ • ‡–‹‘‡† ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ •— Š Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ ’Žƒ ‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ– ƒ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘ „› ‰‡‡–‹ •™ƒ’‹‰Ǥ –‹•ƒŽ•‘‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹ƒ† ƒ‘‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ”ƒ”‡N. lloydii ƒ•–Š‡›•‡‡–‘‘ —”‹•ƒŽŽ †‹•Œ— –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡‘Ž›‹ˆ‘—”–‘ˆ‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–ŠŽ‡••–Šƒ͵Ͳ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‡ƒ Šǡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š ƒ ˆ‡™ ‘–Š‡” ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• • ƒ––‡”‡† ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”‘ƒ†•‹†‡•ȋ ‡”„ƒ”‹—†ƒ–ƒƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ•‡–‹‘‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ‹ •— Š’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹–”ƒǦ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ›„‡Ž‹‹–‡†ǡƒ†‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ›„‡ ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ˆƒ –‘”ǤŠ—•ǡ‹–‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰”‹•™‹–Š‹–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰–Š‡•‡•ƒŽŽ”‡ƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ••–—†›‹•”‡“—‹”‡†–‘‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ™‹–Š‹ ƒ† ƒ‘‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ N. ipsviciensis,N. lloydii, N. ovata ƒ† N. longifoliaǤ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳͳ

‡”›Ž‹––Ž‡‹•‘™ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆNotelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†˜‹ ‡ •–ƒ–‡‡– ˆ‘” N. ipsviciensisǡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ†‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–ǡ‹• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‹‘”‹–‹‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea ipsviciensisǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ ŽŽ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ͳ͹ ’Žƒ–• ƒ”‡ ƒ–—”‡ǡ‘•‡‡†Ž‹‰”‡ ”—‹–‡–Šƒ•„‡‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ƒ†–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘–‹‡‹• —‘™Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‡””ƒ–‹  ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ ƒ† ˆ”—‹–‹‰ Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ȋ‹”†ǡ ʹͲͲͶȌ™Š‹ Šƒ›Ž‹‹–’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽǤ ”—‰‹˜‘”‘—•„‹”†•ƒ”‡–Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽƒ‰‡–•ƒ•Notelaea •’’Ǥ’”‘†— ‡ˆŽ‡•Š›†”—’‡•ƒ•‹‘–Š‡” ™‹Ž† ‘Ž‹˜‡ ˜ƒ”‹‡–‹‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ Olea europaea ˜ƒ”Ǥ sylvestrisȌ ‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› ȋ‡› Ƭ Ž ž–ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆN. lloydii ‹•ƒŽ•‘—‘™ƒ†–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†˜‹ ‡ •–ƒ–‡‡– ˆ‘” N. lloydii Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–• –Š‡ ‡ ‡••‹–› ‘ˆ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ

–Š‡”–Šƒ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†N. lloydii ƒ†N. ipsviciensisǡ–™‘‘–Š‡”Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ǣN. longifolia ƒ†N. ovata, ‘ —”‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ȋ ”‡‡ǡͳͻ͸ͺȌǤŠ‡•‡–™‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–‡” —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ƒ† ƒ”‡ –Š—• ‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡ ‘‘Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ǤŠ‡‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ˆ‘—” •’‡ ‹‡• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ƒ‡• –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒŽ ˆ‘” ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ”‡˜‡”•—• ‘‘Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ



1.8 STUDY AIMS

Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ƒ‹•–‘‹’”‘˜‡‘—”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‰ƒ’• ”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‰ƒ’• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† ˜‹ƒ ƒ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •–—†›ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ••–—†›ƒ†ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”›ƒ† ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•ƒƒŽ›•‹•„‡–™‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡ˆ‹”•–Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡ –‡•–‡†‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•”‡Žƒ–‡•–‘–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡• –Šƒ– ‡š‹•– ‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaea ƒ† ƒ‡ †‘–ƒŽ ”‡’‘”–• –Šƒ– N. ipsviciensis‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†Ǥ ˆN. ipsviciensis‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†ǡ–Š‡‹–‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‡†–Šƒ–‹–

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳʹ

™‹ŽŽ „‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‡† ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –™‘ ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”‡– •’‡ ‹‡• ȋN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataȌ ‹ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ƒ† ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‡•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ‹ˆ‹–‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydiiȋƒ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹•–‡† •’‡ ‹‡•Ȍǡ–Š‡‹–ƒ›„‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘”‡Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘”„‘–Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ––Š‡•‹–‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡› ‘‘ —”Ǥ‡ ‘†Ž›ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡N. lloydii‹•‘Ž› ‘™–‘‘ —”‹ƒˆ‡™•ƒŽŽǡ†‹•Œ— –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ‹– ‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‡†–Šƒ––Š‡•‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‘—Ž†‡šŠ‹„‹–”‡†— ‡†‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ•ƒ‡ †‘–ƒŽ”‡’‘”–••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–N. lloydii‡šŠ‹„‹–•Ž‘™”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‘—–’—––Š‡‹–‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‡†–Šƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡† „› Ž‘™ ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ ƒ† ˆ”—‹–‹‰ •— ‡•• ƒ† ”‡ ”—‹–‡– ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”•Ǥ ˆ –Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ ƒ•‡ǡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ –‹‘•–‘‡Šƒ ‡–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ”‡ ”—‹–‡–ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ›„‡ ”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆN. lloydii‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ

ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ ’‡”‹••‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘– ‰”ƒ–‡† –‘ ‘†— – ƒ› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ –Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ”‘ƒ†•‹†‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘™ •‹–‡ ˆ‘” ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†N. ipsviciensisǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†Š‡”„ƒ”‹—ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽˆ”‘ –Š‹• •‹–‡ ™ƒ• —•‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒ† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • •–—†›ǡ „—– ‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ „‹‘Ž‘‰› ‘” Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ™‡”‡ ‘†— –‡†ˆ‘”N. ipsviciensisǤ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š Šƒ’–‡”‘ˆ–Š‹•–Š‡•‹• ‹•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™Ǥ



Chapter 1: General introduction

Š‡ —””‡– Šƒ’–‡”’”‘˜‹†‡•„ƒ ‰”‘—†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™‘ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǤŠ‹• Šƒ’–‡”ƒŽ•‘’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ„”‹‡ˆ ‘–‡š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‰ƒ’• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‹˜‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ† ‘—–Ž‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰ Šƒ’–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‡•‹•ƒ†•–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡• ‘’‡ƒ†ƒ‹•‘ˆ –Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳ͵

Chapter 2: Morphometric and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Notelaea

Š‹• Šƒ’–‡”’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡—•Notelaea ƒ† ƒ‹• –‘ —”ƒ˜‡Ž –Š‡ •›•–‡ƒ–‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡• •—””‘—†‹‰ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ  Š‹• Šƒ’–‡” ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡ǡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ‘•–”— –‡† —•‹‰ „‘–Š ‰‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡ •‹‰Ž‡ — Ž‡‘–‹†‡ ’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•• ȋ•Ȍ ƒ† ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•– ƒ”‡”• ƒ† ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ƒŽŽ —””‡–Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ  –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ‘†— –‡† –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ› ’”‘‹•‹‰ Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• –Šƒ– ƒ „‡ —•‡† –‘ †‡Ž‹‹– •’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ†ǡ‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ–Š‡–™‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

Chapter 3: Population genetics of threatened Notelaea spp. in south-east Queensland

Š‹• Šƒ’–‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‡•‹• ‡šƒ‹‡• –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ– ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†—•‹‰ ‰‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•‹‰Ž‡— Ž‡‘–‹†‡’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹••ȋ•ȌǤŠ‹Ž‡ƒ‹‹‰–‘—”ƒ˜‡Ž –Š‡ ›•–‡”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š›„”‹† ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ N. ipsviciensis, ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• „‡–™‡‡ ”ƒ”‡ N. lloydii ƒ† ‘‘ N. longifolia ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ‘†— –‡†–‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ† ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡‘ˆ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Chapter 4: Comparative life-history analysis of rare & common Notelaea spp. in south-east Queensland

Š‹• Šƒ’–‡” ˆ‘ —•‡• ‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—•‡• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–› ‘ˆ N. lloydii ™‹–Š‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†„› ‘†— –‹‰ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”›ƒƒŽ›•‹•™‹–ŠN. longifoliaƒ†N. ovataǤ Ž‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰”ƒ–‡•™‡”‡ ‘’ƒ”‡†„‡–™‡‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ƒ ”‘•• –™‘ •‡ƒ•‘• ˆ‘” N. lloydiiǤ ‹ ‡ ˜‡”› Ž‘•‡ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒˆˆ‹‹–› „‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡” ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•ǡN. microcarpa,™ƒ•†‹• ‘˜‡”‡†

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳͶ

‹ Šƒ’–‡” ʹǡ –Š‹• Šƒ’–‡” ƒŽ•‘ ‹ Ž—†‡† •‘‡ N. microcarpa ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ˆ‘” ‘’ƒ”‹•‘Ǥ

Chapter 5: General discussion & conclusions

Š‹•ˆ‹ƒŽ Šƒ’–‡”’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ƒ††‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ‡›ˆ‹†‹‰•ǡ‡š’Ž‘”‡• Š‘™ –Š‹• •–—†› ‹’”‘˜‡• ‘—” —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ Notelaea •›•–‡ƒ–‹ •ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ •ǡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ’–‡” •—ƒ”‹•‡• –Š‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ Šƒ‰‡• –‘ –ƒš‘‘› –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ‹ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǤŠ‹• Šƒ’–‡”ƒŽ•‘‘—–Ž‹‡•”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ‰ƒ’•‹‘™Ž‡†‰‡–‘„‡ƒ††”‡••‡†–Š”‘—‰Šˆ—–—”‡”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ



ŽŽ”‡•‡ƒ” Š Šƒ’–‡”•ƒ”‡„‡‹‰’”‡’ƒ”‡†ˆ‘”•—„‹••‹‘–‘‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŒ‘—”ƒŽ• ƒ†ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒ—• ”‹’–•Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ‡ƒ Š Šƒ’–‡”‹•ƒˆ”‡‡Ǧ•–ƒ†‹‰ Šƒ’–‡” ™‹–Š ‹–• ‘™ ‹–”‘†— –‹‘ ƒ† †—’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘”‡ƒ•‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ†‹‰ǡƒŽŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•ƒ†•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ †‹•’Žƒ›‡†ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡†‘ —‡–Ǥ 

‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘  ͳͷ

Chapter 2: Phylogenetic & Morphometric Analysis of the Genus Notelaea



2.1 INTRODUCTION

‹–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š”‡ƒ–•–‘„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ–‘‘ƒ›•’‡ ‹‡•”‡“—‹”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‹‹–‡†”‡•‘—” ‡•ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ȋ”‘‘• et al.ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǣ‹”’ƒ–”‹ ǡ ͳͻͺ͵Ǣ‹Ž•‘ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘’”‹‘”‹–‹•‡ƒ –‹‘ˆ‘”–ƒšƒ ‘•–ƒ–”‹•‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‘”ƒ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘„‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ǡ ƒ Ž‡ƒ”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒš‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆƒ–ƒš‘‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽǤNotelaea‹•ƒ ‰‡—• ‡†‡‹  –‘ —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ –™‡Ž˜‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š –™‘ ƒ”‡ —””‡–Ž›Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Ǥ‘™‘Ž›ˆ”‘‘‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆͳ͹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ N. ipsviciensis ȋ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌ‹•Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†—†‡”–Š‡ – ƒ† ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† —†‡” –Š‡ —‡‡•Žƒ†   –Ǥ Notelaea lloydii ‹• Ž‹•–‡† ƒ• ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡ —†‡” „‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ƒ –• †—‡ –‘ ‹–• ”‡•–”‹ –‡† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘Ž› ‹ •‘—–Š‡”—‡‡•Žƒ†ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺǢ ƒ–—”‡‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ȋ™‹Ž†Ž‹ˆ‡Ȍ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ

‡•’‹–‡„‡‹‰Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ǡ–ƒš‘‘‹ — ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•”‡ƒ‹ǤNotelaea lloydii‘ —”•‹•›’ƒ–”›™‹–Š N. ipsviciensis ƒ––Š‡‘Ž›•‹–‡™Š‡”‡N. ipsviciensis‹•ˆ‘—†ǡƒ†N. ipsviciensis ‡šŠ‹„‹–• ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› „‡–™‡‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. ovata, ”ƒ‹•‹‰ •’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–‹–‹•ƒƒ–—”ƒŽŠ›„”‹†‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘ȋ‡›Ž‡˜‡Ž†ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‡•‘Ž˜‹‰–Š‡•‡ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•‹• ”— ‹ƒŽ–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†’Žƒ–•Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘ Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡ –ƒš‘‘‹ ƒ†’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡ ‰‡—•Notelaea–‘ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡–Š‡‹” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ

Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaea ™ƒ• ˆ‹”•– ‡”‡ –‡† „› ‡–‡ƒ– ‹ ͳͺͲͶǡ †‡• ”‹„‹‰ƒ ’Žƒ– —†‡” —Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‹ ”ƒ ‡ǡ‹–”‘†— ‡†ˆ”‘‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡•ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǤ‹ ‡

  ͳ͸

–Š‡ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡—•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡†‡• ”‹„‡†™‹–Š‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•ǡ —–‹Ž ƒ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡—• ™ƒ• ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻ͸ͺ ȋ ”‡‡ǡ ͳͻ͸ͺȌǤ ”‡‡ǯ•”‡˜‹•‹‘‡š Ž—†‡†–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•†‡• ”‹„‡†ˆ”‘‘—–•‹†‡ ‘ˆ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ† ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡† –Š‡ ‰‡—• ƒ• ‡†‡‹  –‘ —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰–‘Š‹•”‡˜‹•‹‘ǡ–Š‡‰‡—• ‘•‹•–‡†‘ˆ‹‡•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆ‡˜‡”‰”‡‡•Š”—„• ‘”•ƒŽŽ–”‡‡• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡†„›‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹’Ž‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǡƒš‹ŽŽƒ”›‹ˆŽ‘”‡• ‡ ‡™‹–Š ›‡ŽŽ‘™‹•Š„‹•‡š—ƒŽˆŽ‘”‡–•‘ˆˆ‘—”’‡–ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒˆ”—‹––Šƒ–‹•ƒ’—”’Ž‹•Š„Žƒ †”—’‡ ™‹–Šƒ•‹‰Ž‡•‡‡†Ǥ‘‰–Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž›†‹•–‹ ––‘ „‡ ’Žƒ ‡† ‹ –™‘ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ •‡ –‹‘•ǣ N. ligustrina ‹ •‡ –‹‘ Ligustrina ƒ† N. johnsonii‹•‡ –‹‘MischopetalaǤ‡˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. longifolia, N. ovata, N. venosa, N. punctata, N. macrocarpa, N. linearisƒ†N. neglectaȌ™‡”‡ Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†ƒ† •Šƒ”‡† •‹‹Žƒ” ˆŽ‘”ƒŽ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ™‡”‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ •‡ –‹‘ NotelaeaǤ —„•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š”‡‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽNotelaea•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘NotelaeaȋN. ipsviciensis, N. lloydiiƒ† N. pungensȌŠƒ˜‡„‡‡†‡• ”‹„‡†ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡—„‡” ‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡‰‡—•–‘–™‡Ž˜‡Ǥ‘”‡”‡ ‡––ƒš‘‘‹ ™‘”Šƒ•‹ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ› ƒ‡† –™‘ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ DzNotelaea •’Ǥ Ž Š‘ •Žƒ†dz ˆ”‘ Ž Š‘ •Žƒ† ȋ‘”–Š‡” ‡””‹–‘”›ǡ —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȌ ƒ† DzNotelaea •’Ǥ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒdz ˆ”‘ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ ȋ—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȌǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaeaǡ„—––Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ ‘– ›‡– „‡‡ ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ› †‡• ”‹„‡† ȋ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ Žƒ– ‡•—•Ǣ —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ̵• ‹”–—ƒŽ ‡”„ƒ”‹—ǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ

‘•–Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡†‡• ”‹„‡†„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‹”‰”‘™–ŠŠƒ„‹–ƒ†Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•”‡ƒ‹• ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ƒ•–Š‡›•Š‘™‘˜‡”Žƒ’‹–Š‡”ƒ‰‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ†‡šŠ‹„‹–Š‹‰Š ’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‡•Šƒ˜‡Ž‘‰„‡‡—•‡†‹ •— Š •‹–—ƒ–‹‘• –‘ ƒ••‡•• –Š‡ ‹–”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ ƒ† –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ƒ”‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • Notelaea •’’Ǥ ƒ”‡ •‡ƒ•‘ƒŽŽ› ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ ’Žƒ–•ǡ ‘Ž› Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒŽŽ ›‡ƒ”Ǧ”‘—† ƒ† ƒ”‡ ‘”‡ ‘‘Ž› —•‡† ˆ‘” •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ –Š‡ –”ƒ•‹‡– ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘”‰ƒ•Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ‹ –Š‹• ‰‡—• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ”‡Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ Ž‡ƒˆ –”ƒ‹–• ‡ƒ•—”‡†™‹–Š–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–‡ Š‹“—‡•Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–‘‡šƒ‹‡Ž‡ƒˆ •Šƒ’‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™–”ƒ‹–—•‡†–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͳ͹

ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ȋ Ȍ•Šƒ’‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•Šƒ•„‡‡ ‘†— –‡†Ǥ‘–Š †ƒ–ƒ•‡–• ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‡• ™‡”‡ ˆ‘ —•‡† ‘ †‡–‡”‹‹‰ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ› ’”‘‹•‹‰ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• –Šƒ– ‘—Ž† „‡ —•‡† –‘ †‡Ž‹‹– •’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”–Š‡–™‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒš‘‘‹ „‘—†ƒ”‹‡•—•‹‰‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–• ƒ„‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰‹ˆ–Š‡›‡šŠ‹„‹–’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ •— Šƒ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ–ƒš‘‘‹  †‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ› „‡ „‡––‡” ‹ˆ‘”‡† —•‹‰ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ ȋ—– Š‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ŽŽ‹‘–– Ƭ ›”‡ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ — ‡”ƒ†Ž Ƭ ƒ—Ž‹‰ǡ ͳͻ͸ͷȌǤ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† •‘‡ Ž‹‹–‡† —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—•Ǥ Ž› ƒ ˆ‡™ Notelaea•’’Ǥ™‡”‡—•‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –™‘ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•– ȋ ’Ȍ ƒ”‡”•ǡ trnL-F ƒ† rsp16 ȋƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‹••–—†› ‘ˆ‹”‡†–Š‡‘‘’Š›Ž›‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Ǧ–”‹„‡ Ž‡‹ƒ‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”Ž› ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ ‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› ‹ Ž—†‹‰ Notelaeaǡ ƒ† ƒŽŽ –ƒšƒ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  ‰”‘—’ ™‡”‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡† „› †”—’‡•Ǥ‡–ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‹–”ƒƒ†‹–‡”Ǧ‰‡‡”‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•”‡ƒ‹‡†Žƒ”‰‡Ž› —”‡•‘Ž˜‡†ǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”ƒ™‡ƒŽ›•—’’‘”–‡†‰”‘—’‹‰‘ˆƒ ‘’Ž‡š‘ˆˆ‹˜‡‰‡‡”ƒ ȋNotelaea, Nestegis, Picconia, Phillyrea ƒ† OsmanthusȌ ȋƒŽŽƒ†‡” Ƭ Ž„‡”–ǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡•‡ˆ‹˜‡‰‡‡”ƒƒ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡†ƒ‹Ž›‹–Š‡•—„–”‘’‹ •ƒ†•Šƒ”‡•‘‡ •›ƒ’‘‘”’Š‹  ™‘‘† ƒƒ–‘‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ˜ƒ• —Žƒ” –”ƒ Š‡‹†• ƒ† †‡†”‹–‹ ˜‡••‡Ž†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ȋƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ

 •—„•‡“—‡– ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  •–—†› ™ƒ• —†‡”–ƒ‡ —•‹‰ –™‘ ‘–Š‡” ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–Ž‘ ‹ǡatpB-rbcL‹–‡”‰‡‹ •’ƒ ‡”ƒ†mat-Kǡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡•—„Ǧ –”‹„‡ Ž‡‹ƒ‡ ȋƒ”•–‘ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ ‡šƒ‹‡† „› ƒ”•–‘ȋʹͲͲͻȌ™‡”‡‘–•—’’‘”–‡†ƒ•‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰NotelaeaǤŠ‡ ‡‹‰Š–Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡•–—†›ȋ‡ƒ Š™‹–Šƒ•‹‰Ž‡ƒ ‡••‹‘Ȍ™‡”‡ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‹–‘–™‘ Žƒ†‡•‹–Š‡atpB-rbcL’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡‹” Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǡ™‹–Š†”›ˆ‘”‡•–ǡ’”‘•–”ƒ–‡•Š”—„•‹‘‡ Žƒ†‡ƒ†™‡– ”ƒ‹ˆ‘”‡•–ǡ–”‡‡ǦŽ‹‡•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡‘–Š‡”ȋƒ”•–‘ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†—‡–‘–Š‡ ™‡ƒ •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ –”‡‡ǡ ˆ—”–Š‡” –‡•–‹‰ ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ƒ ‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ‘™ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ™ƒ• ”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ  ‘”‡ ”‡ ‡– ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  •–—†› ‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹˜‡ –”‹„‡ Ž‡‡ƒ‡ Šƒ• —•‡† •‹‰Ž‡ — Ž‡‘–‹†‡ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͳͺ

’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹••ȋ•Ȍˆ”‘Ž‘™Ǧ†‡’–Š™Š‘Ž‡‰‡‘‡•‡“—‡ ‹‰„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‰‡‘‡• ‘ˆ –™‘ Ž‡‡ƒ‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ Olea europaea •—„•’Ǥ europaeaƒ† Fraxinus excelsiorȋŽ‘ˆ••‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤŠ‹••–—†›ˆ‘—†‡˜‡–•‘ˆ‹ ‘’Ž‡–‡ Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡•‘”–‹‰ƒ†Ȁ‘”Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘†—”‹‰–Š‡†‹˜‡”•‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•Žƒ”‰‡‰”‘—’ •—‰‰‡•–‹‰”‡–‹ —Žƒ–‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ‘–Š‡””‡ ‡–ƒ––‡’––‘ Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡–ƒš‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ N. ipsviciensis —•‹‰ •‡“ ȋ”‘™ et alǤǡ —’—„Ž‹•Š‡†Ȍ ˆ‘—† ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ Š›„”‹† ‘”‹‰‹ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ „—– ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea”‡ƒ‹‡†— Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ –‹• ”— ‹ƒŽ–‘”‡•‘Ž˜‡ –Š‡•‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ƒ••‹‰‡–‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ–—•ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹ –Š‡ —””‡– •–—†›ƒ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™ƒ• —†‡”–ƒ‡ —•‹‰ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ƒ”‡”•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘„‘–Šƒ‰‡”•‡“—‡ ‹‰‘ˆ‘‡— Ž‡ƒ”ƒ† –Š”‡‡ ’ƒ”‡”•ƒ†ƒŠ‹‰ŠǦ†‡•‹–›ƒ””ƒ›‘ˆƒ”‡”•Ǥ•’‘‹–‡†‘—–„› Šƒ™et alǤȋʹͲͲͷǢʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘–Š‡”’‘••‹„Ž‡ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–‰‡‡”‡‰‹‘•ǡ•— Š ƒ•trnQ-rps16ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡‘”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡–Šƒ–Š‘•‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†ˆ‘” •’‡ ‹‡•Ž‡˜‡Ž’Žƒ–•›•–‡ƒ–‹ •–—†‹‡•Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ†‡•’‹–‡„‡‹‰Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ƒ Ǯ‹‡” ͵ǯ ”‡‰‹‘ ‹ Šƒ™ et al. ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ –Š‡ trnH-psbA ”‡‰‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡ ‘‡†‡† ƒ• ƒ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ „ƒ” ‘†‡ ˆ‘” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘• ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȋ — et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ—ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤŠƒ™ et al.ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ƒ•–Š‡•‡ ‘†‘•–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡”‡‰‹‘ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‹–Š‡‹”•–—†›ƒ†–Š‡Ǯ‹‡” ͵ǯŽ‹•–‹‰‹•‘Ž›†—‡–‘‹–•ǯ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›•Š‘”–Ž‡‰–Šǡƒ†Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ•Š‘”–‡””‡‰‹‘ ‹‰Š– „‡ ƒ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ™Š‡ —•‹‰ –Š‡  ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘• ˆ”‘ ‘Ž† Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •ƒ’Ž‡•ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡ƒ††‹–‹‘‘ˆƒ‘”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†”‡ ‘‡†‡† ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•– ƒ”‡”•— Šƒ•trnH-psbAǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–ŠtrnQ-rps16ǡ ƒ›’”‘˜‹†‡•‘‡‹•‹‰Š– ‘ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‹–Š‹ NotelaeaǤ ‘˜‡”•‡Ž›ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘–Š‡” •–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡— Ž‡ƒ” –‡”ƒŽ”ƒ• ”‹„‡†’ƒ ‡”ȋ Ȍ ”‡‰‹‘‹•‘”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ––Š‡‰‡‡”‹ Ž‡˜‡Ž™‹–Š‹Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȋ‡•ƒ”† et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ — et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ ‡ƒ†”‘œ et al.ǡͳͻͻ͹Ǣ‹Ƭ‹ǡʹͲͳͳǢƒŽŽƒ†‡”ǡʹͲͲͺǢ —ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–‹•‘™–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‘‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ† –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–‹‡• ™Š‡ •‡“—‡ ‹‰ –Š‡  ”‡‰‹‘ •— Š ƒ•ǡ ‰‡‘‹  Šƒ”„‘—”‹‰ ‘ˆ ’•‡—†‘‰‡‡•ǡ ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ Š‘‘’Žƒ•›ǡ ’”‘„Ž‡• ‹ ƒŽ‹‰‡–†—‡–‘‹†‡Žƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘’‡•ƒ–‘”›„ƒ•‡ Šƒ‰‡•‡– Ǥȋ Ž˜ƒ”‡œƬ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͳͻ

‡†‡ŽǡʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ ƒ—–‹‘—•—•ƒ‰‡ ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡„‡––‡””‡•‘Ž—–‹‘‹ƒ› ‘’Ž‡š ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡•ȋ ‡Ž‹‡”Ƭ‘••‡ŽŽ×ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ

‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ—•‹‰ƒ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽƒ‰‡”ƒ”‡”•‡“—‡ ‹‰ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠŠƒ••‘‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ• ‹– ‘˜‡”• ‘Ž› •ƒŽŽ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡‘‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• ‡š–Ǧ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ •‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒ”‡”• ˆ”‘ ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‰‡‘‡ ȋ„Ž‘ Ƭ ƒŽ‹†‘ǡ ʹͲͳͳǢ ‡”‡” Ƭ Ž‡‹• Š‡”ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡ •ƒ’Ž‹‰‹•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹‹•–ƒ ‡•™Š‡”‡‹’”‘˜‡†ƒ —”ƒ ›ƒ†•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ ‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† ‹ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ˆ‘” Ž‘•‡Ž› ”‡Žƒ–‡† –ƒšƒǤ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ  †‡–‡ –‹‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡• ‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š   ƒ –ƒ”‰‡–Ž‘™Ǧ ‘’›ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ† ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‘—•ƒ†•‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡‰‡‘‡Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡••— Šƒ•”•‡“ȋ ƒ ‘—† et al.ǡʹͲͲͳȌ ƒ „‡ —•‡† ™Š‡”‡ ‘ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‰‡‘‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ȋ‡Ž˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ƒ‹‡•ǡ ‘›•‡ǡ ‘†‹•‘ǡ‹Ž‹ƒǡ‹–Šƒ–‡, et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ—‡”‘—•”‡ ‡–•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™ –Š‡’‘™‡”‘ˆ”•‡“‹”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰ ‘’Ž‡š’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡•ȋŽǦ‡›”‘—–‹‘˜ž et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ǣ‡Ž˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ƒ‹‡•ǡ‘›•‡ǡ ‘†‹•‘ǡ‹Ž‹ƒǡ‹–Šƒ–‡, et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ–‡ƒ‡ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰Ž‡ ƒ”‡” •‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ǡ–Š‹••–—†›—•‡†•†‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘Š‹‰ŠǦ†‡•‹–›”•‡“ƒƒŽ›•‹•–‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ƒ† ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—• NotelaeaǤ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ǡ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  †ƒ–ƒ ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ–Š—•‡ƒ„Ž‹‰‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ



2.2 MATERIALS & METHODS

2.2.1 Molecular phylogenetics analysis

Sampling

–‘–ƒŽ‘ˆͳ͹͸‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘‡•’‡ ‹‡‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡–™‡Ž˜‡ †‡• ”‹„‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† –™‘ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡™ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ •ƒ’Ž‡†Ǥ ”‡•ŠŽ‡ƒˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™ƒ•—•‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡–ƒšƒˆ‘—†‹–Š‡”‹•„ƒ‡”‡‰‹‘ ƒ†Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡—•‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰–ƒšƒǤ‘–ŠN. ipsviciensis

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͲ

ƒ†N. lloydiiˆ”‘–Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›”‘ƒ†•‹†‡ ‘””‹†‘”ǡ–Š‡•‹–‡™Š‡”‡ –Š‡•‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ —” ‹ •›’ƒ–”›ǡ ™‡”‡ •ƒ’Ž‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡ ‡– ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ȋ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†‹ʹͲͳ͹‘”Œ—•–ƒˆ–‡”Ȍ‘ˆ–Š‡—‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹—ǡƒ†•’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Ǯ ̴‡™ǯǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ•› ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ǤOsmanthus fragrans Lour., Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb. and Fraxinus excelsior L. ™‡”‡—•‡†ƒ•‘—–Ǧ‰”‘—’–ƒšƒǤ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡†‹–Š‹••–—†› ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹’’‡†‹šͳǤ



Sample preparation and DNA extraction

”‡•ŠŽ‡ƒˆ•ƒ’Ž‡•™‡”‡ Ž‡ƒ‡†ƒ† —–‹–‘•ƒŽŽ’‹‡ ‡•ƒ†–Š‡†”‹‡†‹œ‹’Ǧ Ž‘ „ƒ‰• ‘–ƒ‹‹‰•‹Ž‹ ƒ‰‡ŽǤ‘–ƒŽ‰‡‘‹ ™ƒ•‡š–”ƒ –‡†—•‹‰ƒ‘†‹ˆ‹‡†  ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘ ’”‘–‘ ‘Ž ȋ‘›Ž‡ǡ ͳͻͺ͹Ȍ ‘” ƒ ‹‘Ž‹‡ ’Žƒ– ‰‡‘‹   ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘‹–Ǥ•–‘–ƒŽ‰‡‘‹ ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘ˆ”‘‘Ž†‡”Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•™ƒ• ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ǡƒ‹‘Ž‹‡’Žƒ–‰‡‘‹ ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘‹–™‹–Š•‘‡‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘• ™ƒ•—•‡†–‘‘„–ƒ‹™‹–Š•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›“—ƒŽ‹–›ˆ‘”†‘™•–”‡ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ



2.2.1.1 DNA amplification and Sanger sequencing

 ”‡ƒ –‹‘• ™‡”‡ ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– —•‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‹‡”• Ž‹•–‡† ‹ ’’‡†‹š ʹǤ  ”‡ƒ –‹‘•ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ”‡‰‹‘• ‘–ƒ‹‡†ǣͷɊŽ‘ˆ‹‘Ž‹‡›ƒ“”‡ƒ –‹‘„—ˆˆ‡”ǡͳɊŽ ȋͳͲɊȌ‡ƒ Š‘ˆˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ†”‡˜‡”•‡’”‹‡”•ǡͲǤʹͷɊŽ‘ˆTaq’‘Ž›‡”ƒ•‡ǡͳ ȂͷɊŽ‘ˆ–‡’Žƒ–‡†‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–”ƒ –‡† ƒ††‘—„Ž‡†‹•–‹ŽŽ‡†™ƒ–‡”ȋ†† ʹȌ–‘ƒ‡–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘˜‘Ž—‡—’–‘ ʹͲɊŽǤŠ‡”ƒŽ › Ž‹‰’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ‘•‹•–‡†‘ˆƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ†‡ƒ–—”ƒ–‹‘ƒ–ͻ͹ιˆ‘” ʹ‹ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›͵ͲǦ͵ͷȋ†‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆ–‡’Žƒ–‡Ȍ › Ž‡•‘ˆ ͳ‹ƒ–ͻ͹ιǡƒ†‡‹–Š‡”ͳ‹ƒ–ͷͲιȋITSȌǡ͵Ͳ•‡ ƒ–ͷͷιȋtrnH-psbAȌǡͶͷ•‡ ƒ– ͷͷιȋtrnQ-rps16Ȍ‘”ͳ‹ƒ–ͷͷιȋatpB-rbcLȌǡ–Š‡ͳ‹ƒ–͹ʹ郐†ƒˆ‹ƒŽ ‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆͳͲ‹ƒ–͹ʹιǤ’”‘†— –•™‡”‡ Ž‡ƒ‡†—•‹‰ƒ‹‘Ž‹‡ •‘Žƒ–‡ ƒ† ‡Ž‹–ƒ†‡‹–Š‡”•‡“—‡ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‰‡‘‹ Žƒ„ƒ–—‡‡•Žƒ† ‹˜‡”•‹–›‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›—•‹‰ƒ‹‰›‡˜ͳǤͳ › Ž‡•‡“—‡ ‹‰‹–’”‘–‘ ‘Ž‘”•‡–

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͳ

–‘ ƒ ”‘‰‡ ȋ‡‘—Žǡ ‘”‡ƒȌ ˆ‘” •‡“—‡ ‹‰Ǥ ‹Ǧ†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒŽ •‡“—‡ ‹‰ —•‹‰ ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ†”‡˜‡”•‡’”‹‡”•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š”‡‰‹‘™ƒ•—†‡”–ƒ‡ǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡trnH- psbA ”‡‰‹‘™Š‡”‡‘Ž›–Š‡ˆ‘”™ƒ”†’”‹‡”™ƒ•—•‡††—‡–‘–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”ˆ”ƒ‰‡– •‹œ‡ȋͶͲͲ„’ȌǤ



Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction

‘”™ƒ”† ƒ† ”‡˜‡”•‡ •‡“—‡ ‡• ™‡”‡ Š‡ ‡† ƒ† ƒ••‡„Ž‡† –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ ‘•‡•—••‡“—‡ ‡•—•‹‰‹‘†‹–˜Ǥ͹ǤʹǤ͸ȋ ƒŽŽǡͳͻͻͻȌǤŠ‡ ‘•‡•—••‡“—‡ ‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ”‡‰‹‘ ™‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹‰‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž› ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ ƒ Ž—•–ƒŽ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ƒŽ‹‰‡–ȋŠ‘’•‘ et al.ǡͳͻͻͶȌƒ†”‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ—ƒŽŽ›‹‹‘†‹–˜Ǥ͹ǤʹǤ͸ǤŠ‡ ITS •‡“—‡ ‡• ™‡”‡ –‡•–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š”‡‡ ‘–‹ˆ• ™Š‹ Š Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‘•‡”˜‡† ‹ ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ ’Žƒ–• –‘ †‡–‡ – ƒ› ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ’ƒ”ƒŽ‘‰—‡•Ȁ’•‡—†‘‰‡‡•ǡƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†„›ƒ›Ž›ƒ†ƒ†‹‰‡•ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ‰ƒ’•™‡”‡ –”‡ƒ–‡† ƒ• ‹••‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ƒ† ’ƒ”•‹‘›Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹•‡”–‹‘• ‘” †‡Ž‡–‹‘• ȋ‹†‡Ž•Ȍ™‡”‡• ‘”‡†ƒ•„‹ƒ”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•—•‹‰ƒ•‹’Ž‡‹†‡š ‘†‹‰‡–Š‘†‹ ‹†‹‡”˜ǤͶǤͲǤ͵ȋ—Ó‘œǦƒŒƒ”‡•ǡʹͲͳ͵Ȍ‹–Š‡’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ǤŠ›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡•™‡”‡ ”‡ ‘•–”— –‡†—•‹‰•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Šƒ”‡”ƒ†ƒ ‘„‹‡††ƒ–ƒ•‡– ™‹–Š ƒŽŽ ’ ”‡‰‹‘•ǡ ™‹–Š ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹šǡ —•‹‰ ƒ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋͳͲǡͲͲͲ—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•ǡƒ†ͳͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡• ˆ‘”–Š‡ ǦŽ‹‡ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†”ƒ–‹‘–‡•–™‹–Š–Š‡„‡•–ˆ‹–‘†‡Žˆ‘”‡ƒ Š †ƒ–ƒ •‡– •‡Ž‡ –‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒȌ‹ Ǧ ͳǤ͸ǤͳͲ ȋ‰—›‡ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǡ ƒ ƒ›‡•‹ƒ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡‡–Š‘†ȋ‰‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǣ‰‡αͳͲͲͲͲͲͲǡ”—•αʹǡ •ƒ’Ž‡ˆ”‡“ α ͳͲͲͲǡ  Šƒ‹• α Ͷ ƒ† ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”† †‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •’Ž‹– ˆ”‡“—‡ ‹‡•δͲǤͲʹȌ‹”ƒ›‡•˜͵ǤʹǤ͸ȋ‘“—‹•– et al.ǡʹͲͲͷȌƒ†ƒƒš‹— ’ƒ”•‹‘›ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹ȗͶǤͲȋ™‘ˆˆ‘”†ǡʹͲͲͳȌǤŽŽ–Š‡–”‡‡ˆ‹Ž‡•™‡”‡˜‹‡™‡† ƒ†‡†‹–‡†‹ ‹‰–”‡‡˜ǤͳǤͶǤ͵ȋ–”‡‡Ǥ„‹‘Ǥ‡†Ǥƒ Ǥ—Ȁ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ȁˆ‹‰–”‡‡ȀȌǤ



Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹʹ

2.2.1.2 SNP analysis

Š‹‰ŠǦ†‡•‹–›ƒ””ƒ›‘ˆ•ˆ‘”ͳ͸͹•ƒ’Ž‡•™‡”‡’”‘†— ‡†„›–Š‡”•‡“ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–›ȋ”–›–†Ǥǡƒ„‡””ƒǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȌǤ‡•—Ž–•™‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡ ” ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡  ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”Ǥ Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‡”‡ƒ••‡••‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡ƒ†’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘–‡–ȋ ȌǤˆ–‡”ˆ‹Ž–‡”‹‰‘—––Š‡Ž‘™Ǧ “—ƒŽ‹–›†ƒ–ƒǡ–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™ƒ• ‘ ƒ–‡ƒ–‡†ƒ†•–‘”‡†‹ƒ ˆ‘”ƒ– ˆ‹Ž‡ǡ‹™Š‹ Š•™‡”‡ ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘„ƒ•‡’ƒ‹”•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ„‹‰—‹–› ‘†‡• ˆ‘” Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—• •Ǥ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  –”‡‡• ™‡”‡ ‘•–”— –‡† —•‹‰ ƒ ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†™‹–Šƒƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹‡–„‹ƒ• ‘””‡ –‹‘‹ Ǧ ‘–Š‡ ’‘”–ƒŽǤ



2.2.2 Morphological & geometric morphometric analysis

2.2.2.1 Morphological character analysis

Sampling

‡ƒˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽˆ”‘ͳʹNotelaea•’‡ ‹‡•‹ Ž—†‹‰–™‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡™•’‡ ‹‡•™ƒ• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘” †”‹‡† •’‡ ‹‡• ˆ”‘ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•Ǥ Notelaea ligustrina ƒ† N. neglecta ™‡”‡ ‡š Ž—†‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ•–Š‡›™‡”‡‘–ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡˜‹ ‹‹–›ȋ—‡‡•Žƒ†Ȍ‘”‹–Š‡—‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘Ǥ ‘”–Š‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ‡‹‰Š–Notelaea•ƒ’Ž‡•”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ”‘ƒ†•‹†‡ ‘””‹†‘” ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍǡ ˆ‘—” ‘–Š‡” —‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹— N. ipsviciensis •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† „‡ˆ‘”‡ ͳͻͻ͸ ˆ”‘–Š‹••ƒ‡•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†N. ipsviciensisȌǡƒ†ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•‡ƒ Šˆ‘” –Š‡‘–Š‡”Notelaea•’’Ǥ™‡”‡—•‡†ȋ’’‡†‹š͵ȌǤ

Data collection and analysis

 –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ ͵͹ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ȋ͵Ͳ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ͹ “—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ȍ ‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‘•‡‡’Šƒ•‹•‡†ƒ•„‡‹‰–ƒš‘‘‹ ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ–‹ –Š‡‰‡—•„› Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹ͵

”‡‡ǡ ȋͳͻ͸ͺȌ ™‡”‡ • ‘”‡† ȋ’’‡†‹š Ͷƒ Ƭ Ͷ„ȌǤ ŽŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•–ƒ–‡•™‡”‡ƒ••‡„Ž‡†‹–‘ƒ†ƒ–ƒƒ–”‹š ƒ†ƒƒŽ›•‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ  ˜‡”•‹‘ ʹǤͳͷ ȋ ƒ‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ  Š‹‡”ƒ” Š‹ ƒŽ Ž—•–‡” ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋȌ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ‹  ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† „› •‡Ž‡ –‹‰–Š‡Ǯ’ƒ‹”‡†‰”‘—’ǯȋ Ȍ‘’–‹‘–‘†‡’‹ ––Š‡’Š‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•Ǥ  ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ‘Ȍ —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‘™‡” ‡ƒ•—”‡ ‘’–‹‘ ȋ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡š’‘‡– αʹȌ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† –‘ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ–”‹šǤ

2.2.2.2 Geometric morphometric analysis

Sampling and sample preparation

•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘”‡ƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡ ƒ††‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ’’‡†‹š ͵ȌǤ  ™‘ ™‡ŽŽǦ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ–—”‡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› †ƒƒ‰‡ ™‡”‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •Š‡‡– ƒ† ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡† ˆ”‘ †‹”‡ –Ž› ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ •‘‡ •’ƒ ‡ ƒ”‘—†–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆƒ†ƒ”—Ž‡”ȋ• ƒŽ‡„ƒ”Ȍ‘–Š‡•‹†‡Ǥƒ Š‹ƒ‰‡™ƒ•Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ†‹ˆ ‡ ‡••ƒ”›ǡ‡†‹–‡†‹’Š‘–‘•Š‘’ǡƒ†•–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒŒ’‡‰ˆ‹Ž‡Ǥ



Landmark analysis

 –’• ˆ‹Ž‡ ™ƒ• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡•‡ ‹ƒ‰‡• —•‹‰ –’•–‹Ž ȋ‘ŠŽˆǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǡ ƒ† Žƒ†ƒ”‹‰™ƒ•†‘‡—•‹‰–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ–’•‹‰ʹǤ—”‹‰–Š‡Žƒ†ƒ”‹‰ǡ͵ͲͲ Žƒ†ƒ” ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘–™‘Žƒ†ƒ”•‘–Š‡ƒ’‡š‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆ ƒ†–Š‡„ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆǡƒ†ʹͻͺ•‡‹ǦŽƒ†ƒ”•ȋʹͲͲƒŽ‘‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆƒ”‰‹ƒ† ƒ‘–Š‡”ͻͺƒŽ‘‰–Š‡‹†”‹„Ȍ–‘ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡Ǥƒ†ƒ” ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡• ™‡”‡–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‡†‹‘”’Š‘ ȋŽ‹‰‡„‡”‰ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ



Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͶ

2.3 RESULTS

2.3.1 Phylogenetic analysis

2.3.1.1 Sanger sequencing markers

ƒ Š ’”‡‰‹‘ȋtrnH-psbAǡatpB-rbcLƒ†trnQ-rps16Ȍ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› ‘–ƒ‹‡† ͶͺͶǡ ͹ͶͶ ƒ† ͳͳͳͺ — Ž‡‘–‹†‡•ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š ͺͷǡ ͵͸ ƒ† ͷͺ ™‡”‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ ƒ–‡ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‡–Š”‡‡†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•ƒ† ‘†‹‰‹†‡Ž•ƒ•„‹ƒ”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’ †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ‘–ƒ‹‡† ʹ͵͵͵  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š ͹ͳ ™‡”‡ ’ƒ”•‹‘›Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ƒ† ͸ͺ ‹†‡Ž•ǡ ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š ͳ͸ ™‡”‡ ’ƒ”•‹‘›Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‡• ™‡”‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡„—–™‡”‡‡‹–Š‡”™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•‘Ž˜‡†‘”™‡ŽŽǦ•—’’‘”–‡†ȋ’’‡†‹š ͷ Ƭ ͸Ȍǡ ƒ† ‘Ž› –Š‡ ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‡–Š‘†‹•‰‹˜‡‹ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤͳǤ  ‘–”ƒ•–ǡƒ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ ITS”‡‰‹‘™ƒ•™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•‘Ž˜‡†ǡ„—–‘–™‹–Š‰‘‘†•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ȋ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤʹȌǤ Š‡ITS†ƒ–ƒ•‡– ‘–ƒ‹‡†͸͹ͻ— Ž‡‘–‹†‡•™‹–Š͹ͳ„‡‹‰’ƒ”•‹‘›Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡƒ†•‡˜‡‘ˆʹͲ‹†‡Ž•™‡”‡’ƒ”•‹‘›Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͷ



‹‰—”‡ʹǤͳǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋ Ǧ Ȍƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹š —•‹‰ ʹΪ ΪΪʹ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” „‹ƒ”› ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹š ƒ† ͵—Ϊ Ϊʹ‘†‡Žˆ‘”†ƒ–ƒ•‡–ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ†‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ–Šƒ– ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹”‡† ‘Ž‘—”Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹ͸



‹‰—”‡ʹǤʹǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋ Ǧ Ȍˆ”‘ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ITS†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Š‹†‡Žƒ–”‹š —•‹‰ ʹΪ Ϊ‘†‡Žˆ‘”„‹ƒ”›‹†‡Žƒ–”‹šƒ†Ϊ Ϊʹ‘†‡Žˆ‘” †ƒ–ƒ•‡–ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ† ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† •ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹”‡† ‘Ž‘—”Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹ͹

ŽŽ–Š‡ITS•‡“—‡ ‡•’”‘†— ‡†Š‹‰Š“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰Ž‡’‡ƒ‡† Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ•ƒ† ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ITS •‡“—‡ ‡• ™‡”‡ †‡–‡ –‡† ƒ• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ †‹˜‡”‰‡– ’ƒ”ƒŽ‘‰—‡•Ȁ’•‡—†‘‰‡‡•Ǥ ‘’‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ƒ† •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ •—’’‘”– ˆ‘” –Š‡ –”‡‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‡•—•‹‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡–Š‘†•ȋƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ǡ ƒ›‡•‹ƒ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡ƒ†ƒš‹—’ƒ”•‹‘›ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ȍǡ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•ȋ™‹–Š ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– ‹†‡Ž•Ȍ ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘‡† ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ™‹–Š ‘†‹‰ ƒ† ‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ”‡‰‹‘•Ȍ™‡”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž› ‘‰”—‡–ǡȋ’’‡†‹š͹ƬͺȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–”‡‡• ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† N. ipsviciensis ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ȋN. ipsviciensis_ ̴‡™Ȍ ƒ• ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  ƒ† ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa™‡”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‘•‹–‹‘‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ



2.3.1.2 SNP markers

 –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ ʹͷͺǡͳͺͲ „‹ƒ”› • ™ƒ• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” ͳ͸͹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ™‹–Š ʹͺΨ ‹••‹‰ ‰‡‘–›’‡ †ƒ–ƒǤ ‡‘–›’‡ ƒŽŽ ”ƒ–‡ ”ƒ‰‡† ˆ”‘ ͳͻ Ȃ ͳͲͲΨ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ͹ʹǤ͹Ψǡƒ†• ‘”‹‰”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›”ƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘ͺ͸ȂͳͲͲΨ™‹–Šƒ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆͻͻǤ͸ΨǤ–‘–ƒŽ‘ˆʹ͹ͺ•Šƒ†ƒͳͲͲΨ‰‡‘–›’‡ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡ǡ͵Ͷǡͷͷʹ• Šƒ†ƒ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡‘ˆͻͷΨǡ™Š‹Ž‡͹͵ǡͶͲ͵•Šƒ†ƒ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡‘ˆͻͲΨǤƒŽ›•‡•™‡”‡ ”—‘–Š‡ˆ‘—”†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•ȋ•™‹–Š ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡•‘ˆƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ͻͲΨǡͻͷΨƒ†ͳͲͲΨƒ† ƒŽŽ•Ȍƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ••‡••‡–‹†‹ ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–•‹‹Žƒ””‡•—Ž–•™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡† —•‹‰–Š‡ͻͲΨ†ƒ–ƒ•‡–ƒ†ƒŽŽ•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒŽ‘••‘ˆ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘™ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†‹–Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ•‡–„ƒ•‡†‘ͳͲͲΨƒ†ͻͷΨ‰‡‘–›’‡ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡˆ—”–Š‡”ƒƒŽ›•‡• ™‡”‡ —†‡”–ƒ‡ ‘ –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ•‡– „ƒ•‡† ‘ ͻͲΨ ƒŽŽ ”ƒ–‡ ȋ͹͵ǡͶͲ͵ •ȌǤ Š‡ • ‘”‹‰”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‹•†ƒ–ƒ•‡–”ƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘ͻͷȂͳͲͲΨȋƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆͻͻǤ͸ ΨȌ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ͷΨ ‹••‹‰ †ƒ–ƒǤ Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹ Ǧ ”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ—”–Š‡” ˆ‹Ž–‡”‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ– •‹–‡• ȋ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘•–ƒ– •‹–‡•Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Š ”‡•—Ž–‡†‹ƒˆ‹ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Šͷ͹ǡͻͲͻ•ǡ‘ˆ™Š‹ Šʹͺǡͺ͵͹™‡”‡’ƒ”•‹‘› ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͺ

 ‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͵ǣƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ȋ ǦȌ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡ˆ”‘ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š ͷ͹ǡͻͲͻ •Ǥ Š‡ —„‡”• ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘†‡ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ •—’’‘”– ȋΨȌ ƒ† ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaeaǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‹ ”‡† ‘Ž‘—”Ǥ Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›‹ ‹‰—”‡•ʹǤ͹ȂʹǤͻǤ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ʹͻ

‘”–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ–Š‡Ϊ Ϊͷڏ‘†‡Ž™ƒ••‡Ž‡ –‡†ƒ• –Š‡ „‡•– ˆ‹– ‘†‡Ž ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ›‡•‹ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹‘ ‘ˆ ʹͶʹ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡  ‘†‡Ž•ǡ ƒƒŽ›•‡† „› –Š‡ ‘†‡ŽǦˆ‹†‡” ‘’–‹‘ ‹ ǦǤ  ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡ ™ƒ• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ͳͲǡͲͲͲ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ ȋ ‘‘–Ȍ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ƒ†ͳͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ ǦŽ‹‡ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ”ƒ–‹‘–‡•–‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰ƒƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹‡–„‹ƒ• ‘””‡ –‹‘Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ•–‡’–‘ ˆ—”–Š‡”‘’–‹‹•‡ ‘‘––”‡‡•„›‡ƒ”‡•–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‹–‡” Šƒ‰‡„ƒ•‡††‹”‡ –Ž› ‘„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ƒŽ‹‰‡–•–‘”‡†— ‡–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ‘˜‡”‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰„”ƒ Š•—’’‘”–• †—‡–‘•‡˜‡”‡‘†‡Ž˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†Š‹‰Š•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ƒ†™ƒ•™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•‘Ž˜‡†ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͵ȌǤ Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaea ™ƒ• ”‡–ƒ‹‡† ƒ• ƒ ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  ‰”‘—’ǡ ƒ† –™‘ ‡„‡”•ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡ –‹‘LigustrinaȋN. ligustrinaȌƒ†–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Mischopetala ȋN. johnsoniiȌ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea™‹–Š ͳͲͲΨ—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–Ǥ

‹–Š‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘NotelaeaǡN. venosa •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•–Šƒ–ˆ‘” –™‘ƒŒ‘” Žƒ†‡•ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Šƒˆ‡™‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡•Ǥ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡•™‡”‡–Š‡‡™ƒ ‡••‹‘•‘ˆN. ipsviciensisƒ†N. lloydiiˆ”‘–Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ƒ†™‡”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›•—’’‘”–‡†‹„‘–Š–”‡‡•ǤŽŽ–Š‡‘–Š‡” N. lloydii‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‡”‡‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹N. microcarpaǡ ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ Žƒ†‡ȋͳͲͲΨ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•– „‘‘–•–”ƒ’ •—’’‘”–‡†Ȍ ™Š‹ Š ‹• •‹•–‡” –‘ N. longifoliaǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –™‘ ƒ ‡••‹‘•‘ˆN. punctataǡ‘‡ƒ ‡••‹‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆN. venosaƒ†N. neglecta™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‹•N. longifolia Žƒ†‡ǤŠ‡•‡ ‘†ƒŒ‘” Žƒ†‡™‹–Š‹•‡ –‹‘ Notelaea ‘•‹•–‡†‘ˆˆ‹˜‡Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ™Š‡”‡N. ovataƒ†–™‘ƒ ‡••‹‘•‘ˆ N. ipsviciensis™‡”‡”‡•‘Ž˜‡†ƒ••‹•–‡”–‘–Š‡ Žƒ†‡™‹–ŠN. linearisǡN. pungens ƒ† –Š‡—†‡• ”‹„‡†NǤ•’Ǥƒ”ƒ—ŽƒǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆƒˆ‡™‘ˆ–Š‡Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. neglectaǡN. punctataƒ†NǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†Ȍ™‡”‡‘–™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ‹–Š‹•’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡Ǥ 

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵Ͳ

2.3.2 Morphological & morphometric analysis

2.3.2.1 Morphological analysis

Š‡   †‡†”‘‰”ƒ ˆ”‘ Ž‡ƒˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ ‘’Š‡‡–‹  ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–αͲǤ͹ͺͲͺȌ Ž—•–‡”‡†‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡•ƒ‡ •’‡ ‹‡•–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡƒ‰”‡‡‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ —””‡––ƒš‘‘‹ †‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›ȋ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤͶȌǤ‡–ǡ‹•‘‡ Ž—•–‡”•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤN. johnsonii Ž—•–‡”Ȍ–Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ƒ‘‰ Ž—•–‡”‡„‡”•™ƒ•Š‹‰Š‡”–Šƒ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡‘•–‘ˆ –Š‡•‹•–‡”–ƒšƒȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤN. ovataƒ†N. ipsviciensis Ž—•–‡”•ǡN. punctataƒ†NǤ•’Ǥ Ž Š‘ •Žƒ† Ž—•–‡”•ǡN. linearisƒ†N. pungens Ž—•–‡”•‡– ǤȌǤ –‹•‹–‡”‡•–‹‰–‘ ‘–‡–Šƒ––Š‡‘Ž†ȋ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡ͳͻͻ͸ȌN. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡••‘—” ‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ —‡‡•Žƒ† ‡”„ƒ”‹— Ž—•–‡”‡†™‹–ŠN. ovataƒ†™‡”‡†‹•–‹ –ˆ”‘•‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡”‡ ‡–•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ǡ™Š‹ Š Ž—•–‡”‡†™‹–ŠN. microcarpaǤ

Š‡ˆ‹”•–ˆ‘—”ȋ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽȌ‡‹‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋͳǤ͹͸͸ͺǡͲǤ͸ͻ͹ͺͻǡͲǤͶͷ͸ʹͺƒ†ͲǤʹͺ͹͵ͺȌ ”‡ ‘˜‡”‡†‹–Š‡‘ȋ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤͷȌƒ ‘—–‡†ˆ‘”͸ͷΨ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ȋ͵͸Ψǡ ͳͶΨǡͻΨƒ†͸Ψǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȌǤŠ‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ•Ž‹‰Š–•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘‰•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ„—–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡”‡–ƒ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ – ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ Ž—•–‡”Ǥ  –Š‡ ‘ ’Ž‘–ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž† N. ipsviciensis Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •ƒ’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ Ž‘•‡Ž›•‹–—ƒ–‡†‹„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. s’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†,ƒ††‹•–‹ – ˆ”‘•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ ‡–ȋ ̴‡™Ȍ•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‘˜‡”Žƒ’™‹–ŠN. •’Ǥƒ”ƒ—ŽƒǤ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵ͳ

 ‹‰—”‡ʹǤͶǣŠ‡ †‡†”‘‰”ƒȋ ‘’Š‡‡–‹  ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–αͲǤ͹ͺͲͺȌ ˆ”‘–Š‡ Ž—•–‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ǥƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea‡š ‡’––Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡• ȋ ̴‡™Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋ‹”‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡N. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘ –Š‡‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋ‹›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤŽŽ–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹ –Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵ʹ

‹‰—”‡ʹǤͷǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ͳƒ†ʹ”‡’”‡•‡–͵͸Ψ ƒ†ͳͶΨ‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȌǤƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea‡š ‡’––Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡• ȋ ̴‡™Ȍ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋ‹ ”‡†Ȍ ƒ† –Š‡ N. ipsviciensis •ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž† Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘• ȋ‹ ›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤ ŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ  ͵͵

‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͸ǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ͳƒ†ʹ”‡’”‡•‡– ͻʹǤͳΨƒ†ͶǤ͹Ψ‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍƒ Š ‘Ž‘—””‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘Notelaea‡š ‡’––Š‡”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ȋ ̴‡™Ȍ•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋ‹”‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡N. ipsviciensis•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋ‹›‡ŽŽ‘™ȌǤŽŽ–Š‡ ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‰‹˜‡‡›Ǥ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ  ͵Ͷ

2.1.1.1 Morphometric analysis

Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋȌ’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͸Ȍ†‹†‘–”‡•‘Ž˜‡ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ –‰”‘—’ǡ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘”–Š‡•Ž‹‰Š–•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆN. venosaˆ”‘–Š‡”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘ –Š‹•  ’Ž‘–ǡ N. longifoliaǡ N. punctataǡ N. johnsonii ƒ† –Š‡ –™‘ —†‡• ”‹„‡† •’‡ ‹‡•ȋN.•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†ƒ†N.•’Ǥƒ”ƒ—ŽƒȌ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›‘˜‡”Žƒ’™‹–Š‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”™‹†‡Ž›Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡–‘‘˜ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡN. linearisƒ† N. lloydii‡šŠ‹„‹–‘Ž›•Ž‹‰Š–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡ǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpaǡN. ipsviciensisǡƒ†N. pungens™‡”‡‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ””‘™Ž› Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡–‘™‹†‡Ž›Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•Ǥ ‡”‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•––™‘ȋ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽȌ‡‹‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡• ”‡ ‘˜‡”‡†ȋͲǤͲͳͲͳͺƒ†ͲǤͲͲͲͶͻȌƒ ‘—–‡†ˆ‘”ͻ͹Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ȋͻ͵Ψ ƒ†ͶΨǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȌǤ



2.4 DISCUSSION 2.4.1 Phylogenetic analysis

2.4.1.1 Utility of Sanger sequencing markers in Notelaea phylogeny

˜‡” –Š‡ ’ƒ•– –™‘ †‡ ƒ†‡•ǡ ƒ› •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† •‘‡ ‹ ‘‰”—‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡• ‘ˆ ’Žƒ•–‹† ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” ”‹„‘•‘ƒŽ ǡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‰ Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†Ȁ‘” ‹ ‘’Ž‡–‡ Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ •‘”–‹‰ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ ȋ‡•ƒ”† et al.ǡʹͲͲͻǢ ‘‰ǦƒƬ‡•ƒ”†ǡʹͲͳ͵ǢŽ‘ˆ••‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͻǢ‡†ƒ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤš–‡•‹˜‡‹ ‘‰”—‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ’ƒ†ITS’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Šƒ• „‡‡‘„•‡”˜‡††—”‹‰–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ—Ž‹‡‹‘–Š‡” ‰‡‡”ƒǡ ‡‹–Š‡” –Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’ †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ‘” ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ’ †ƒ–ƒ•‡–• ™‡”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‹”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•™‹–Š‹ Notelaea.  ˆƒ –ǡƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‹–”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•”‡ƒ‹‡†Žƒ”‰‡Ž›—”‡•‘Ž˜‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ ’ǡ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡ITS’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǤŽŽ–Š”‡‡ ’ƒ”‡”••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ– Notelaea‹•’ƒ”ƒ’Š›Ž‡–‹ ™‹–Š‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘—–‰”‘—’•ǡOsmanthus fragransǡƒŽ™ƒ›• „‡‹‰‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹NotelaeaǤƒ”ƒ’Š›Ž›ƒ†Ȁ‘”’‘Ž›’Š›Ž›‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡•—„Ǧ–”‹„‡Ž‡‹ƒ‡Šƒ•„‡‡”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž›‘–‡†‹—‡”‘—••–—†‹‡•ǡƒ†‰‡‡”‹  †‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ’’‡ƒ”• –‘ „‡ ˜‡”› †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž– ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •—„Ǧ–”‹„‡ ȋ‡•ƒ”† et al.ǡ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵ͷ

ʹͲͲͻǢ —‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ ‘‰ǦƒƬ‡•ƒ”†ǡʹͲͳ͵Ǣƒ”•–‘ǡʹͲͲͻǢŽ‘ˆ••‘ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͻǢƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲǢ—ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲǢ‡†ƒ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ‘ˆƒ”ǡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡—•OsmanthusŠƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹ƒ ˆ‡™•–—†‹‡•ǡƒ† Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•„‡–™‡‡Notelaea•’’Ǥƒ†•‘‡Osmanthus•’’Ǥ Šƒ˜‡„‡‡•—’’‘”–‡†—•‹‰ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ’Žƒ•–‹†ƒ”‡”•ȋ —‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ—ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ— Š Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰Notelaea•’’Ǥ™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘–‘Ž› ™‹–ŠOsmanthusǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘™‹–Š•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆNestegisǡChionanthusǡPicconia‡– Ǥ ȋ —‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ ‘‰ǦƒƬ‡•ƒ”†ǡʹͲͳ͵ǢƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲȌǡƒ†–Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ƒ‘‰–Š‡•‡‰‡‡”ƒ‘•–Ž› ‘””‡•’‘†‡†™‹–Š‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ™‹–Š–ƒš‘‘›ȋ ‘‰ǦƒƬ‡•ƒ”†ǡʹͲͳ͵ǢƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ

—ƒ et al.ȋʹͲͳͲȌ”‡ ‘‡†‡†–Š‡trnH-psbA”‡‰‹‘ƒ•ƒ•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ”‡”ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ †—‡ –‘ ‹–• Š‹‰Š ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ  –Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›ǡ–Š‡trnH-psbA”‡‰‹‘™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘„‡–Š‡‘•–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡”‡‰‹‘ǡ ™‹–Šͳ͹Ψ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•‹–‡•ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•–Š‡‘–Š‡””‡‰‹‘•™‡”‡‡ƒ Š˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”‘Ž› ͷΨ ‘ˆ •‹–‡•Ǥ trnH-psbA ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‘•– ‡ƒ•‹Ž› ƒ’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† ”‡‰‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘Ž† Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ ™ƒ• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ› ’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹  •‹–‡• ƒ† ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ•– ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  –”‡‡ ˆ‘” NotelaeaǤ

Š‡atpB-rbcL •’ƒ ‡””‡‰‹‘Šƒ•’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›„‡‡—•‡†‹•–—†‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Ǧ–”‹„‡ Ž‡‹ƒ‡ ƒ† –™‘ ™‡ŽŽǦ•—’’‘”–‡† Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ Notelaea •’’Ǥ ™‡”‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ ƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž› Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡‹” Ž‹ˆ‡ Š‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ȋƒ”•–‘ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ ˜‡ –Š‘—‰Šǡ‹‹–‹ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡atpB-rbcL ”‡‰‹‘”‡–ƒ‹‡†–™‘ ƒŒ‘” Žƒ†‡•‘ˆNotelaea•’’Ǥǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ†‡• ‘—Ž†„‡Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ƒ• •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ˆ •‘‡ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ „‘–Š Žƒ†‡• ȋ’’‡†‹šͻƒȌǤ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ„‘–ŠN. longifoliaƒ†N. microcarpa ™‡”‡‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘ Žƒ†‡•ǡƒ†–Š‹••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘–†—‡–‘ ‡‹–Š‡”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›‘”‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•ˆ—”–Š‡”–‡•–‡†—•‹‰ƒ‡š’ƒ†‡††ƒ–ƒ •‡–‹ Ž—†‹‰—Ž–‹’Ž‡ƒ ‡••‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ ȋŠ––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ „‹ǤŽǤ‹ŠǤ‰‘˜Ȁ— ‘”‡ȀȌǡ ƒ† –Š‹• •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ•†—‡–‘–Š‡‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ–™‘™‡ƒŽ›•—’’‘”–‡†Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡•™‹–Š‹Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ǥ ‡„‡”•‘ˆ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒ ‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘—†‹„‘–ŠŽ‹‡ƒ‰‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤForsythia •’’ǤǡFraxinus•’’ǤǡNotelaea•’’ǤǡOsmanthus•’’ǤǡChionanthus•’’ǤOlea•’’ǤȌǡ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵͸

ƒ†‡˜‡•‘‡–‹‡•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡‡•–‡†•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›‹ –Š‡•‡–™‘Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤFraxinus excelsior, N. longifolia, N. microcarpaȌǤ

’‘ Ž‘•‡” ‹•’‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‡“—‡ ‡ ƒŽ‹‰‡–ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡– –Šƒ– –Š‹• •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹˜‡”–‡† ”‡‰‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳ͹ „ƒ•‡ ’ƒ‹”• ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘–Š‡Ž‘‘’‘ˆƒ•–‡ǦŽ‘‘’•–”— –—”‡ȋ’’‡†‹šͻ„ȌǤ –‹•‘™ –Šƒ–Ž‘‘’”‡‰‹‘•ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–ŠŠ‘–•’‘–•ˆ‘”—–ƒ–‹‘•‹‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ”‡‰‹‘•ƒ† ƒ„‡•™ƒ’’‡†‡ƒ•‹Ž›„‡–™‡‡–™‘ ‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†•— ŠŽƒ„‹Ž‡ •‹–‡• ‘—Ž†„‡ƒ•‘—” ‡ˆ‘”‹–”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹••™Š‹Ž‡„‡‹‰•Šƒ”‡†‹ †‹•–ƒ–Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ‘Ž‡„‡”‰ et al.ǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ‡Ž Š‡”ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ•–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ •‹‹Žƒ” ‘” ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ —–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ —””‹‰ ‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž› ™‹–Š‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––ƒšƒǡ–Š‹•ƒ›Ž‡ƒ†–‘‹ ‘””‡ –’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡•ƒ•‹ƒ”•–‘ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ™Š‡ ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‰ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ™‹–Š ‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ‰‡‡ ”‡‰‹‘•ǡ ƒ”‡ —•– „‡ –ƒ‡ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† •— Š ƒ—–ƒ’‘‘”’Š‹  —–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒˆ–‡””‡‘˜‹‰–Š‹•”‡‰‹‘ȋ’’‡†‹šͻ Ȍ™‡”‡‘”‡ ‘”Ž‡•• ‘‰”—‡–™‹–Š–Š‡ —””‡– Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȋƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǡ ›‡– ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹–‡”Ǧƒ† ‹–”ƒǦ‰‡‡”‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‹–Š‹ •—„Ǧ–”‹„‡ Ž‡‹ƒ‡”‡ƒ‹—”‡•‘Ž˜‡†ǤŠ—•ǡ‹–‹•‘–•—”’”‹•‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’ ƒƒŽ›•‹•†‹†‘–’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ›„‡––‡””‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ––Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ ”‡’‘”–‡†–Šƒ–ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ • ”‡‡‹‰•–—†‹‡•ƒ›„‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘†‡–‡ ––Š‡ ‘•–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‰”‘—’ ƒ•–Š‡”‡ƒ›„‡‘Ž›ƒˆ‡™—‹˜‡”•ƒŽŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ’Žƒ•–‹† ”‡‰‹‘• ȋŠƒ™ et al., ʹͲͲͷ Ƭ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ‹‡ et al., ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ•Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†„›ƒ”‹‡Ƭ ‡‘”‰‡ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ•— Šƒ• ”‡‡‹‰ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹• ”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ’”‘Œ‡ –•‡˜‡„‡Ž‘™–Š‡‰‡‡”‹ ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‘•– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•‡–‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡”•ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†›‰”‘—’ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ• ”‡‡‹‰•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ƒ”‡”• ˆ‘” Notelaeaƒ† —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒ›”‡•‘Ž˜‡ –‘ •‘‡ ‡š–‡– ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—•Ǥ  ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •— Š • ”‡‡‹‰ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ƒ›„‡–‹‡ ‘•—‹‰ƒ† ‘•–Ž›ǡŽ‹‹–‹‰–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ —•ƒ‰‡‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡”•Ǥ

–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ †‡•’‹–‡ Šƒ˜‹‰•‘‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ—–‹‘—•—•ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ITS ”‡‰‹‘Šƒ•„‡‡•Š‘™–‘’”‘†— ‡‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž”‡•—Ž–•‹•’‡ ‹‡•ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡•ȋ ‡Ž‹‡”Ƭ‘••‡ŽŽ×ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›•—’’‘”––Š‹•ƒ•–Š‡ ITS ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ™ƒ• ™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ ’ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ •‘‡ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵͹

—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–‘–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•‘ˆNotelaea•’’Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ–Š‡‰‡—• Notelaea ™ƒ• ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ƒ• ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  „—– ™‹–Š ™‡ƒ •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ •—’’‘”–Ǥ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ –Š‡ ƒ ‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ ‰”‘—’‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡”ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤN. ligustrinaǡN. johnsoniiǡN. neglectaǡNǤ•’Ǥƒ”ƒ—ŽƒȌ™‹–Š‘Ž›ƒ ˆ‡™‡š ‡’–‹‘•ǤNotelaea punctata™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘„‡‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹N. longifoliaǡ ™Š‹Ž‡N. lloydii ‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹N. microcarpa. †‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡™‡”‡ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰†‘—„–•ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹”‡šƒ –•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‰”‘—’‹‰•Šƒ†‰‘‘† •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ǡƒ†ƒ•–Š‡‡šƒ –’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ’Žƒ ‡‡–•‘ˆ„‘–Š–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea•’’Ǥ™‡”‡•–‹ŽŽ— Ž‡ƒ”ǡ‹–‹•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ––Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ—•‡‘ˆ•‹‰Ž‡‘”ƒ ˆ‡™ ‘ ƒ–‡ƒ–‡†  •‡“—‡ ‡ ƒ”‡”• ‹• ‘– •—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž› ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ ”‡•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡šNotelaea’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Ǥ



2.4.1.2 Notelaea SNP phylogeny

•Šƒ•„‡‡ˆ‘—†‹ƒ›‘–Š‡”•–—†‹‡•ǡ’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹ ƒ”‡”•‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘™Š‘Ž‡‰‡‘‡•‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒ†”ƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ•—’’‘”–‘ˆ ‘’Ž‡š ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡• ȋŽǦ‡›”‘—–‹‘˜ž et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ǣ ‡Ž˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ƒ‹‡•ǡ ‘›•‡ǡ ‘†‹•‘ǡ‹Ž‹ƒǡƒ–‡, et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ–‡ƒ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡƒ†–Š‹•™ƒ•–Š‡ ƒ•‡ˆ‘” –Š‡Notelaea’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Ǥ –Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›ǡ”•‡“ƒ”‡”•™‡”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† –‘ –ƒ”‰‡– –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† N. lloydiiǡ „—– –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡”• ™‘”‡† ™‡ŽŽ ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” Notelaea •’’Ǥ ƒ† –™‘ ‘—–‰”‘—’•ǡ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† –Š‡ ƒŒ‘” •›•–‡ƒ–‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡‰‡—•Ǥ‘–Š‡”ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š™ƒ•‹–•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ —–‹Ž‹•‡ ‰‡‘‹   ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ •ƒ’Ž‡• ȋŠ‡”„ƒ”‹ƒȌǤ —‡ –‘ Ž‘‰‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ˆ”‡•ŠŽ‡ƒˆ•ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆNotelaea•’’Ǥˆ”‘‘—–•‹†‡ –Š‡ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ”‡‰‹‘ ™ƒ• ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ ƒ† ’”‡•‡”˜‡† Š‡”„ƒ”‹— •ƒ’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ –‘ ‘˜‡” ‘‡ –Š‹• ‹••—‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ•ƒ’Ž‡•™‡”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›†‡‰”ƒ†‡†ƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‡†‹ ƒ’Ž‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ‰‡”•‡“—‡ ‹‰–Šƒ––ƒ”‰‡–‡†εͳͲͲͲ„’ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•ǡ–Š—• Ž‹‹–‹‰ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ƒ ‡••‹‘• —•‡† ‹ –Š‘•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‡•Ǥ ”Ǧ•‡“—‡ ‹‰ ’‡”‹–•–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘•‘ˆ‘Ž†Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡Ž‹‡‘–Š‡” Š‹‰ŠǦ–Š”‘—‰Š’—–‰‡‘‹ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ǡ‹–ƒ’Ž‹ˆ‹‡••Š‘”–•‡“—‡ ‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•ǤŠ‡

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵ͺ

‹ Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ•— Š•ƒ’Ž‡•†‘‡•‘–ƒˆˆ‡ –’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘„—– ƒ› ƒ—•‡ ƒŽŽ‡Ž‹  †”‘’‘—– ȋ‘›•œ‡™•‹ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹ –Š‡ —””‡– •–—†›ǡ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹••‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ™ƒ• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘—–‰”‘—’• ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ –Š‡ Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ–Š—•’‡”‹––‹‰–Š‡‹”—•‡‹–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ

‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘ –Š‡’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š •’‡ ‹‡• ‹ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡ –Š‡  –”‡‡ •—’’‘”–•–Š‡ —””‡– Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š”‡‡•‡ –‹‘•™‹–Š‹–Š‡‰‡—•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• ‘– ‘‰”—‡– ™‹–Š •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —””‡– •’‡ ‹‡• Ž‹‹–• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •‡ –‹‘ NotelaeaǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ N. lloydii •ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡™‡”‡‰”‘—’‡†™‹–Š‘–Š‡”N. lloydiiǡ‹•–‡ƒ†’Žƒ ‡†‹„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ –™‘ƒŒ‘” Žƒ†‡•ȋ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͹Ȍǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–ŠN. ipsviciensisˆ”‘–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹–‡Ǥ ‹˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡‘–Š‡”–™‘N. ipsviciensisƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡™‡”‡ ’Žƒ ‡†•‹•–‡”–‘–Š‡N. ovata Žƒ†‡ǡ–Š‡‹” Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–›™‹–ŠN. ovata‹• ‘ˆ‹”‡†Ǥ ‡–ǡˆ”‘–Š‡•‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒŽ‘‡‹–‹•Šƒ”†–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‡šƒ –‘”‹‰‹‘ˆN. ipsviciensis, ‘–Š‡”–Šƒ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‹‰–Š‡•’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataƒ•–Š‡’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”‡–• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡‹” ‘ —””‡ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ˜‹ ‹‹–› ȋ‡›Ž‡˜‡Ž†ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ƒ””‹•ǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ˆ‹ˆ–› –Š‘—•ƒ† ƒ”‡”• ȋͷ͹ǡͻͲͻ •Ȍ ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ‰‡‘‡ǡ Šƒ˜‡ ‘™ ‘ˆ‹”‡† ™‹–Š ͳͲͲΨ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’ •—’’‘”– –Šƒ– N. lloydii ˆ‘”‡† ƒ ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  Žƒ†‡ ™‹–Š N. microcarpaǡ „—– –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‘– ”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽŽ› ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤͺȌ •—‰‰‡•–‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘– †‹•–‹ – •’‡ ‹‡•ǤNotelaea lloydii–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–ŠN. microcarpa‡šŠ‹„‹– Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•™‹–Š N. longifoliaǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ ‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ N. punctataǡ N. neglectaƒ† —†‡• ”‹„‡†NǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†™‡”‡‘–•—’’‘”–‡†ƒ•‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ‰”‘—’•‹ –Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡ǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰†‘—„–•ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›ƒ••’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ‹‰—”‡• ʹǤ͹ƬʹǤͻȌǤ

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͵ͻ



‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͹ǣ Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š™ƒ› •‹–‡ ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™Ȍ‹–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‰‹˜‡‹ ‹‰—”‡ʹǤ͵Ǥ ‘” Ž‡ƒ” ˜‹•—ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ „”ƒ Š‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‘ŽŽƒ’•‡† ƒ† †‹•’Žƒ›‡† ƒ• –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡•ǤŠ‡—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”– ȋΨȌǤ



Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͶͲ



‹‰—”‡ ʹǤͺǣ Š‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa Žƒ†‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͵Ǥ Š‡ —„‡”• ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘†‡ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–ȋΨȌǤ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷͳ





‹‰—”‡ʹǤͻǣŠ‡N. longifolia Žƒ†‡‹–Š‡ƒš‹— ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‰‹˜‡‹ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǤ͵ǡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ N. punctataǡ N. venosaǡ ƒ† N. neglecta. Š‡ —„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–ȋΨȌǤ



2.4.2 Morphological and morphometric analysis

‡•’‹–‡„‡‹‰™‹†‡Ž›—•‡†ǡŽ‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡™ƒ•‘–ˆ‘—†–‘„‡ƒ’”‘‹•‹‰ Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ˆ‘” Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡ƒˆ •Šƒ’‡ǡ †‡–‡”‹‡† —•‹‰ ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ ™ƒ• Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‡† „‡–™‡‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ‹‰ ‹– ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ –‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡ ƒ‘‰ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ 

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷʹ

‘–”ƒ•–ǡ–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•—†‡”–ƒ‡‹–Š‹••–—†›”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •—„–Ž‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•™ƒ• ‘– ƒ •—”’”‹•‡ ƒ• –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› ™‡”‡ ‘•–Ž› ˆ”‘ Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•Ǥ ‡”„ƒ”‹— •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” –Š‡•‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ƒ†‡—•‹‰•‡Ž‡ –‡†Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•ǡ–Š—•Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘ Ž—•‹‘–Šƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•™‘—Ž†„‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡†‹‘—”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ

‘•–Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒŠ‹‰Š†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ† „‡–™‡‡ ’Žƒ–• ƒ† ƒ‘– „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‘•‹•–‡– †‹ƒ‰‘•–‹  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ǥ ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ Šƒ‹”•ǡ ’— –ƒ–‡ Ž‡ƒˆ Žƒ‹ƒǡ ‘„• —”‡ ˜‡ƒ–‹‘ǡŠƒ˜‡Ž‘‰„‡‡—•‡†‹•’‡ ‹‡•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ȋ ”‡‡ǡͳͻ͸ͺȌǤ—–—’‘ Ž‘•‡”‹•’‡ –‹‘ǡ‹–™ƒ•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ––Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ”‡ ‘‘‹Notelaea ƒ† ˜ƒ”‹‡† ‘Ž› ‹ –Š‡ †‡‰”‡‡ ‘ˆ ‡š–‡– ƒ‘‰ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ N. punctata‹•†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†ˆ”‘N. longifoliaƒ‹Ž›„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›’— –ƒ–‡ ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ‹ƒȋ ”‡‡ǡͳͻ͸ͺȌǡ›‡–‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›‘”‡‘”Ž‡••‡“—ƒŽŽ› ’— –ƒ–‡N. longifolia•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†Ǥ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ–Š‹•™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‘„•‡”˜‡† ˆ‘”NǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†ƒ† Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†‡˜‡ ‹–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡ǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰†‘—„–•‘–Š‡—•ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‹•–”ƒ‹–ˆ‘”•’‡ ‹‡• †‹ƒ‰‘•–‹ •Ǥ

 –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‘˜‡”Žƒ’ ƒ†Ȁ‘” Ž—•–‡” ™‹–Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤͲͳ‘˜‡”Žƒ’•ƒ† Ž—•–‡”•™‹–ŠN. punctata‹ „‘–Š–Š‡ƒ†‘Ȍ‘”Ž‹‡†‹•–‹ –ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡ƒ‹†‡”‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡•ȋͲͳƒ†Ͳͻƒ”‡†‹•–‹ –ˆ”‘N. longifoliaƒ†NǤ•’Ǥ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ Žƒ†‡•ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍǡ ”ƒ‹•‹‰ †‘—„–• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” —””‡– •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ǡ•— Š‘—–Ž‹‡”• ™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‹‡˜‡”›•’‡ ‹‡••—‰‰‡•–‹‰–Šƒ–Š‹‰Š’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‹• ‘‘ ƒ‘‰ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ƒ• ’‘‹–‡† ‘—– „› ”‡‡ ȋͳͻ͸ͺȌǡ •‘‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‡šŠ‹„‹– ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ƒ†Ȁ‘” ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ‘Ž›„‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†‘–Š‡ƒ••—’–‹‘ –Šƒ– Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• ‘ —””‡† ƒ‘‰ •‘‡ Notelaea •’’Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ƒƒŽ›•‹•—†‡”–ƒ‡‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›•—’’‘”–•–Š‹••’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ˜‡”ƒŽŽǡ‹–‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘„ƒ•‡†‘Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›‹•’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹ ™‹–Š‹ NotelaeaǤ Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷ͵



2.4.2.1 Morphological variation of the threatened Notelaea species

‡•’‹–‡ „‡‹‰ ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡† ƒ• ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ’Š›Ž‡–‹  ‰”‘—’ ‹ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ƒƒŽ›•‡•ǡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡŽ‡ƒˆ–”ƒ‹–• ‘—Ž†„‡—•‡†–‘ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡N. lloydii ˆ”‘ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•ǤŠ‹••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•ƒ‹Ž› †—‡ –‘ –Š‡‹” —‹“—‡ Ž‡ƒˆ •Šƒ’‡ ȋ‹ˆ‡””‡† „› –Š‡ Ȍǡ „—– –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ •‘‡ ‘—–Ž‹‡”•‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰†‘—„–•ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆŽ‡ƒˆ •Šƒ’‡ ƒ• ƒ †‹ƒ‰‘•–‹  ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ ˆ‘” •’‡ ‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ™‡”‡ –Š‹ ƒ† ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‡ ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‡‰–Š –‘ ™‹†–Š ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͹ʹǣͳǡ ƒ† ”‡ƒ†‹Ž› †‹•–‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡ ˆ”‘ ‘–Š‡” •’‡ ‹‡• ȋ —›‡”ǡ ͳͻͺ͹ȌǤŽ‡ƒ”Ž›ǡ–Š”‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋN. lloydii̴ ̴‡™Ȍ™‡”‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‹Žƒ”–‘N. lloydiiƒ† ‘—Ž†„‡‡ƒ•‹Ž› ‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•N. lloydiiǤ—‡–‘–Š‡‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ•— Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡN. lloydii™ƒ• ”‡’‘”–‡†–‘‘ —”‹•›’ƒ–”›™‹–ŠN. ipsviciensisƒ––Š‹••‹–‡ȋ‡›Ž‡˜‡Ž†ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ•†‡’‹ –‡†‹–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ –”‡‡ǡ–Š‡•‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‡”‡‘– ‰”‘—’‡† ™‹–Š N. lloydii ‘” N. microcarpaǤ   ˆƒ –ǡ –Š‡•‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡ ‡˜‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‡†‘—–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”•‹•–‡” Žƒ†‡N. longifoliaǡ•‹‰‹ˆ›‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡•‡–Š”‡‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ ‘– N. lloydiiǡ ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‹‰ –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒˆ •Šƒ’‡ ‹• ‘– ƒ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ˆ‘”•’‡ ‹‡•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡‘–Š‡”N. ipsviciensisƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‹•Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘“—‡•–‹‘ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ•‘Ž›–™‘•’‡ ‹‡• Ž—•–‡”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‘–Š‡”‘™N. ipsviciensis ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‡”„ƒ”‹— ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Ž—•–‡”‡† ™‹–Š N. microcarpaǤ Notelaea ipsviciensis ™ƒ• ˆ‹”•– †‡• ”‹„‡† „› ƒ””‹• ȋʹͲͲͶȌ ™‹–Š ƒ •’‡ ‹‡ˆ”‘–Š‹••‹–‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†‹ͳͻͺͷƒ† —””‡–Ž›‹–‹•–Š‡‘Ž›‘™•‹–‡ ˆ‘”–Š‹• •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ—”’”‹•‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡–Š”‡‡Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›™‡”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†‹–Š‡ͳͻͺͲ•ˆ”‘–Š‹••ƒ‡Ž‘ ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ –”ƒ‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ˆ”‘ –Š‹• •‹–‡ ƒ „‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ –Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•†‡• ”‹’–‹‘ǡ‹–™ƒ•‡–‹‘‡†–Šƒ––Š‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆ ˜‡ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡•‡ ‘†ƒ”›˜‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ”‹•‡•‘”‡‘”Ž‡••ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡• ˆ”‘–Š‡‹†”‹„Ȍ™‡”‡–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘•–‹  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ˆ‘”–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‡–ǡ†—”‹‰–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›–Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•™‡”‡‘„•‡”˜‡†–‘‡‹–Š‡”„‡•Šƒ”‡†

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   ͶͶ

„›‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤŠƒ„‹–Ǧ•Š”—„•—’–‘ͳǤͷ–ƒŽŽǦ‹• ‘‘–‘„‘–ŠN. ovata ƒ†N. lloydiiȌ‘”‘– ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š‹–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ•‡ ‘†ƒ”›˜‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ‰Ž‡ ‹• ˜ƒ”‹‡† ˆ”‘ ʹͲͲ –‘ ͻͲͲ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ „‡‹‰ ƒ”‘—† ͸ͲͲ ‹ ‘•– ƒ•‡•ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰ŠN. ipsviciensis ‹•”‡’‘”–‡†–‘„‡†‹•–‹ –ˆ”‘N. ovata „‡ ƒ—•‡‹–’‘••‡••‡•Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ‘˜ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ ‘ˆ N. ovataȋ ƒ””‹•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǡˆ‹‡Ž†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘†— –‡† ‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡‘ˆN. ovata˜ƒ”‹‡•ˆ”‘Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡ –‘‘˜ƒ–‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†› Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis •Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•ƒ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ‰”‘—’Ǥ



2.4.3 Implications for taxonomic revision of the genus Notelaea

Š‡ ƒ†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. lloydii ƒ†N. microcarpa•Š‘—Ž†„‡ •›‘›‹•‡† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ —–—”‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š •Š‘—Ž† ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ •—””‘—†‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ƒ† ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˆƒ –‘”• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‹‰ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡•‡–™‘–ƒšƒǤ –‹•’‘••‹„Ž‡–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡† „› –Š‡ ‰”‘™–Š •–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’Žƒ– ƒ†Ȁ‘” „› Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǤŠ‡‘–Š‡”–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡN. ipsviciensisǡ‹•‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›ƒŠ›„”‹†ƒ• ‡‹–Š‡”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ‘”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ•—’’‘”–‹–ƒ•ƒ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ‰”‘—’ǡ –Š—•”‡“—‹”‹‰ƒ–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‰‡—•NotelaeaǤ

—”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ„‘–Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–N. longifolia ƒ†N. punctata •Šƒ”‡ Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•ƒ† ƒ„‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•ƒ•‹‰Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ”‡‡ǯ• ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ”‡’‘”–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› –Šƒ– N. punctata ™ƒ• ƒ •—„•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆN. longifolia”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ†‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ”‡‡ǡͳͻ͸ͺȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›‘‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘ˆN. punctataƒŽ•‘•Š‘™ Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•™‹–Š NǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†ǤNotelaea •’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†‹•ƒ—†‡• ”‹„‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡƒ‹Ž› ˆ”‘ ‘”–Š‡” ‡””‹–‘”› ™‹–Š ƒ †‹•Œ— – ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘”–Š‡” —‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ N. punctata ‹• ˆ‘—† ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ™‹–Š ƒ •ƒŽŽ †‹•Œ— – ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹‹‘”–Š‡”—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ‘–Š•ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆN. punctataƒ†N. •’Ǥ Ž Š‘ •Žƒ†–Šƒ–‰”‘—’‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‡”‡ˆ”‘‘”–Š‡”—‡‡•Žƒ†™Š‡”‡–Š‡‹” ‘ —””‡ ‡‹•‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡˆ—”–Š‡”•–—†‹‡•™‹–Š‘”‡•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷͷ

„‘–Š N. punctata ƒ† NǤ •’Ǥ Ž Š‘ •Žƒ† ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡‹” ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ”ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡†–‘†‡–‡”‹‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‹‹–•’”‹‘”–‘†‡• ”‹„‹‰NǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†ƒ•ƒ ‡™•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

‡•’‹–‡–Š‡‹”Ž‡ƒˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡN. pungensƒ†NǤ•’Ǥƒ”ƒ—Žƒ Ž—•–‡”–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ•ƒ •–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”–‡†‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  Žƒ†‡‹–Š‡–”‡‡Ǥ ‹˜‡–Š‡‹”‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰‡—•ǡ ˆ—”–Š‡” ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ”‡ ‘‡†‡†Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒƒŽ•‘‹†‹ ƒ–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™‡”‡ ƒˆ‡™•’‡ ‹‡•ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡‡šƒ ––ƒš‘‘‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘™ƒ•‘– ‡”–ƒ‹ǤNotelaea venosa,‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹N. longifolia,™ƒ•ƒ•’‡ ‹‡ˆ”‘‹ –‘”‹ƒ™Š‹ Š•Šƒ”‡• Ž‘•‡Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›™‹–ŠN. longifoliaǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹••’‡ ‹‡™ƒ• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ˆ”‘–Š‡–›’‡Ž‘ ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆN. venosaǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡„‡ˆ‘”‡†”ƒ™‹‰ƒ› ‘ Ž—•‹‘•ǡ ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‘”‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ”ƒ‰‡ ‹• ‡ ‡••ƒ”›Ǥ —”–Š‡”•–—†›‹•ƒŽ•‘”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡–ƒš‘‘‹ ’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆN. neglectaǤŠ‹Ž‡†‡• ”‹„‹‰–Š‹••’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ”‡‡ȋͳͻ͸ͺȌ‡–‹‘‡†–Šƒ–‹– ‘—Ž†„‡ ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹•‡†Š›„”‹†„‡–™‡‡N. linearis ƒ†N. microcarpaƒ†—ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ™‡ ‘—Ž†‘––‡•––Š‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•†—‡–‘–Š‡Žƒ ‘ˆƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡•ƒ’Ž‡•Ǥ



2.4.4 Implications for the conservation of threatened Notelaea spp.

‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ‘—”•–—†›Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‹”‡ –‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘ˆ–™‘ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. ipsviciensisǤ  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘˜‡† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†˜‹ ‡ǡ„‘–Š–Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ‹Ž› †—‡–‘–Š‡‹””‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‹ƒ”‡‰‹‘•—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘‘‰‘‹‰ —”„ƒ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea ipsviciensisǡʹͲͲͺǢ Approved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ—””‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ– N. lloydii‹•‘–‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa‰”‘—’ –‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤNotelaea lloydii‹•”‡’‘”–‡†–‘„‡”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘ƒƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͵͹ͲͲʹ‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpa‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘‘•– ‘‘ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• †‹•–”‹„—–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡” ƒ† ‡ƒ•–‡” ‘ƒ•–Ž‹‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”–Š‡”‡””‹–‘”›–‘‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡•Ǥ –Š‹••–—†›ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷ͸

‹ Ž—†‡† N. microcarpa ƒ ”‘•• ‹–• ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ”ƒ‰‡ ȋ‡š ‡’– –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡” ‡””‹–‘”›Ȍǡƒ†‘—””‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa•Š‘—Ž†„‡ •›‘›‹•‡†ǡ‡š–‡†‹‰–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‘ —””‡ ‡ˆ‘”N. lloydiiǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡‹”Ž‹•–‹‰ ƒ•ƒ˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•†‘‡•‘–ƒ’’‡ƒ”™ƒ””ƒ–‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ—”–Š‡” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†ƒ••‘‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–”— –—”‹‰„‡–™‡‡ ‡ƒ”„›•‹–‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ–”‘•„›ƒ†‘‰‰‹ŽŽ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡Ž‡••–Šƒ͵ƒ’ƒ”–Ȍ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡– ‹ –Š‡  ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ”ƒ”‡•– Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ N. ipsviciensisǡ™ƒ•‘–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ‰”‘—’„—–ƒ•ƒƒ–—”ƒŽŠ›„”‹†Ǥ ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡˜‡–‹•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ȋ ‡‘˜ƒ”–ǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ‘Ž–‹•Ƭ‘Ž–‹•ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆƒŠ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‡˜‡–ƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹‡†ǡƒ†‘”‡‰‡‡–‹ •–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘†‡–‡”‹‡•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•Ǥ



2.5 CONCLUSION

Š‹•‹•–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡—•Notelaea–Šƒ– ‹ Ž—†‡•ƒŽŽ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†•’‡ ‹‡•–‘†ƒ–‡Ǥ”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”› ”‡•—Ž–• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ •‘‡ •—„–Ž‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ‘‰ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•, „—– –Š‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•’”‘Š‹„‹–‡†‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”•’‡ ‹‡•„‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •‡ –‹‘ NotelaeaǤ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† ‹ ‘‰”—‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’Žƒ•–‹† ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” ƒ”‡”•Ǥ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–ƒ”‡”•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†‹ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ ‘—Ž† ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡•‘Ž˜‡ –Š‡ Notelaea ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ITS ”‡‰‹‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‘”‡ •—’’‘”–‡† ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡŠ‹‰Š†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡”•†”ƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š Notelaea ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ Ž‡ƒ” •—’’‘”– ƒ† ‹’”‘˜‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰Ž‡ •‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒ”‡”•Ǥ

‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›™ƒ•–Šƒ–‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ•–”‘‰Ž› •—’’‘”– –Š‡ •›‘›‹•‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ N. lloydiiǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘”‡

Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷ͹

™‹†‡Ž›†‹•–”‹„—–‡†•’‡ ‹‡•N. microcarpaǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ„‘–Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” †ƒ–ƒ ”ƒ‹•‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  †‡• ”‹’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡN. ipsviciensisǡƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†Š‹‰Š’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ƒ‘‰‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘‡˜‡–•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ ‹ˆ‡””‡†ˆ”‘’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ’”—†‡–•’‡ ‹‡•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹•”‡ ‘‡†‡†‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ƒ•”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ†‹ƒ‰‘•–‹ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•†‘ ‘–‡š‹•–ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡ —””‡–Ž›Ž‹•–‡†–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ •–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†’”‹‘”–‘–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆƒ›ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡•Ǥ



Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ Ƭ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡—•‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ   Ͷͺ

Chapter 3: Genome-wide SNPs reveal inbreeding and restricted gene flow among N. lloydii populations in South-East Queensland and backcrossing with the hybrid N. ipsviciensis

3.1 INTRODUCTION

ƒ„‹–ƒ–Ž‘••ƒ†ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ—•‡•”‡†— ‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡ƒ†‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†ƒ† ‘‡ –‡†’Žƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋ—””‘—‰Š et al.ǡʹͲͳͺǢ ‹‡Ž† et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ ‘„„•Ƭƒ–‡•ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ‘—‰Ƭ‘›Ž‡ǡʹͲͲͲǢ‘—‰ et al.ǡͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ ‡†— ‡†‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›‹•‘ˆ–‡ƒ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡ƒ† ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†™Š‹Ž‡‘–ƒŽŽ”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‹‘†—‡–‘ ‰‡‡–‹  ˆƒ –‘”•ǡ ‹– ‘ —”• ‘‘Ž› ‡‘—‰Š –‘ „‡ ‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ‡” ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵ȌǤŠ‡‡š–‡–ƒ††‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹ŽŽ„‡ †‡–‡”‹‡†„›ƒ’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›Š‹•–‘”›ǡ„”‡‡†‹‰•›•–‡ǡ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Š‹•–‘”›ǡƒ†Š—ƒˆƒ –‘”•ȋƒ‘Ƭ ‘†‰‹ǡ ʹͲͲʹȌǤŽƒ–•†‡’‡†‘’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽ‡ Šƒ‹••–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™–‘’”‡˜‡–Ž‘••‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹„”‡‡†‹‰Ǥ •‡ŽˆǦ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ƒ‰‹‘•’‡”•ǡ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ƒƒ”‹•‡†—‡–‘•‡Žˆ‹‰‘” ”‘••‹‰„‡–™‡‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ† Ƭ Žƒǡ ͳͻͻ͵Ȍ ƒ† ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† Ž‘™ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡ Šƒ ‡‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ȋ‘™‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ‹ ‡ –Š‡ –™‘ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡†ǡ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ˆ”‡“—‡ › ‘ˆ Š‘‘œ›‰‘—• ‰‡‘–›’‡•ƒ†‡š’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ”‡ ‡••‹˜‡†‡Ž‡–‡”‹‘—•ƒŽŽ‡Ž‡•‹ƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ”‡†— ‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ˆ‹–‡•• ƒ† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ „‘––Ž‡‡ • ȋ”‡‡† et al.ǡ ʹͲͳʹǢ ƒŽŽ‹„—”–‘ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡ Šƒ ‡ Šƒ‰‡•‹ƒŽŽ‡Ž‡ˆ”‡“—‡ ›†—‡–‘

  Ͷͻ

‰‡‡–‹  †”‹ˆ– ƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› •ƒŽŽ ‹ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒŽŽ‡Ž‡ ˆ”‡“—‡ ‹‡• ƒ› —†‡”‰‘ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ† —’”‡†‹ –ƒ„Ž‡ ˆŽ— –—ƒ–‹‘• ‹ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ δ ͳͲͲ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ŽŽ•–”ƒ† Ƭ Žƒǡ ͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ ŽŽ –Š‡•‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡• ƒ› ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ”ƒŠƒ et al.ǡʹͲͲʹǢ‡‘—œ‹ Ƭƒ”Ž„‘”‰ǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ



‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥͳǣ ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –™‘ ”ƒ”‡ ȋN. ipsviciensis ƒ† N. lloydiiȌ ƒ† –Š”‡‡ ‘‘ȋN. ovataǡN. microcarpaƒ†N. longifolia) Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•‹—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ȋ•‘—” ‡ǣ‘†‹ˆ‹‡†ˆ”‘–Žƒ•‘ˆŽ‹˜‹‰—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ„›”‡‘˜‹‰–Š‡‘—–Ž‹‡”•Ȍ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷͲ



ƒ„‹–ƒ–ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒŽ•‘ƒŽ–‡”–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ƒ„—†ƒ ‡‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹ƒƒ”‡ƒǡ™Š‹ Š ‘—Ž†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘”‹–‡”Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™–Šƒ–”‡•—Ž–•‹Š›„”‹†’”‘†— –‹‘ȋ—– Š‡” et al.ǡʹͲͲͷǢ ‹‡Ž† et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ ‡’’‡Ž et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ‡’ƒ‹• et al.ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ•ƒ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ•— ŠŠ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ „‡ ”‡†— ‡† –Š”‘—‰Š †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ƒ† ‰‡‡–‹ •™ƒ’‹‰ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵ǢŽŽ•–”ƒ†Ƭ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ™Š‹ Š —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡•–Š‡–‹‡–‘Ž‘ ƒŽ‡š–‹ –‹‘ȋ‘Žˆ et al.ǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ›ƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡†‹”‡ –‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‘—‹–‹‡•ƒ•Š›„”‹†• ƒ‘—–Ǧ ‘’‡–‡ƒ–‹˜‡ˆŽ‘”ƒǡƒŽ–‡”–Š‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‘ˆ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”•ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ ƒˆˆ‡ –’ƒ”ƒ•‹–‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ȋ ‹‡Ž† et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ”‹ƒ• et al.ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡˜‡ ‹ƒ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ•‘‡Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘‡˜‡–• ƒƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡ –Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‰‡‡–‹ †‡–‡”‹‘”ƒ–‹‘‹ˆ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•„‡ ‘‡•ƒŽŽƒ†‹•‘Žƒ–‡† †—‡–‘Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›Šƒ˜‹‰ˆŽ‘™Ǧ‘‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹–Š‡‡ ‘•›•–‡Ǥ •— Š•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ƒ† Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡œ‡‡” et al.ǡʹͲͳͻǢ†‡ƒ’‘•‡ŽŽ‡• et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ‡Ž‰ƒ†‘ et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ‡‡ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǣ––‡™‡ŽŽ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ǢƒŽŽ• et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ

•‡–‹‘‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡN. ipsviciensis ƒ†N. lloydiiƒ”‡Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡††—‡–‘ –Š‡‹”•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡•ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘•ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͳȌ ‹ ƒ ”‡‰‹‘ •—„Œ‡ –‡† –‘ ‘‰‘‹‰ —”„ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ȋApproved conservation advice for notelaea ipsviciensisǡʹͲͲͺǢApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺȌǤŠ‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •–—†›‘ˆNotelaea‹Šƒ’–‡”ʹŠƒ•—”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†–Š‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  — ‡”–ƒ‹–› •—””‘—†‹‰ –Š‡•‡ –™‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† Šƒ• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’”‹‘”‹–‹‡•ƒ›‡‡†–‘„‡”‡Ǧƒ†Œ—•–‡†Ǥ‡‹–Š‡”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ‘” ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—• Šƒ’–‡”•—’’‘”––Š‡‘‘’Š›Ž›‘ˆN. ipsviciensis, ™Š‹ Š‹•Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†ǤŠ‹•”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡••’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–‹–‹•ƒ Š›„”‹† ‘ˆ N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata ȋ‡›Ž‡˜‡Ž†ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ƒ””‹•ǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǡ „—– ˆ—”–Š‡” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ‘ˆ‹” –Š‹• Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡–‡”‹‡‹–•‘”‹‰‹Ǥ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷͳ

• †‡• ”‹„‡† ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ •— Š ƒ Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‡˜‡– ‘—Ž† ’Žƒ ‡ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ–ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†”‹•‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‹‘„›‰‡‡–‹ •™ƒ’‹‰Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ N. lloydii‹•‘™–‘‘ —”•›’ƒ–”‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹–ŠN. ipsviciensisƒ––Š‡‘Ž›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ–™Š‹ Š–Š‡Žƒ––‡”‹•ˆ‘—†ǡƒ†‹ˆ–Š‡Š›„”‹†•ƒ”‡‘–”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡Ž›‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ǡ –Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ”‹•‘ˆ„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydiiǤ ’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡN. lloydii ‹• —””‡–Ž›Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡ȋ –Ȍ„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–‹•‘Ž›ˆ‘—†‹ƒˆ‡™•ƒŽŽǡ †‹•Œ— –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘ƒƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›͵͹ͲͲʹǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—• Šƒ’–‡”‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa •Š‘—Ž† „‡ •›‘›‹•‡† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ Notelaea microcarpa ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‘•– ™‹†‡Ž› †‹•–”‹„—–‡† Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• ‹ —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͳȌǡ Ž‘ ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ‘”–Š‡” ƒ† ‡ƒ•–‡” ‘ƒ•–Ž‹‡ ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”–Š‡”‡””‹–‘”›–‘‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹ˆN. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpaƒ”‡•›‘›‹•‡†ǡ–Š‹•™‹ŽŽ‡š’ƒ†–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆN. lloydiiǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •‘‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–”— –—”‡‡˜‡„‡–™‡‡’”‘š‹ƒ–‡N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǤ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ™‡”‡ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‡ƒ Š ™‹–Š Ž‡•• –Šƒ ͵Ͳ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ™‹–Š‹ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰Ǥ

”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡Šƒ•„‡‡‡šƒ‹‡†–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŽ‡•‘ˆ ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘Ǧ„›Ǧ†‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ — Ž‹†‡ƒ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  †‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡŽƒ†• ƒ’‡ ‰‡‡–‹ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ȋƒ‡Ž et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵Ȍ–Šƒ– ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™Šƒ˜‡’”‘˜‹†‡†‰”‡ƒ–‡” ‹•‹‰Š– ‘ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ ˆƒ –‘”• ‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ȋ–‘”ˆ‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ’’”‘ƒ Š‡••— Šƒ•‹” —‹–• ƒ’‡ȋ ƒ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌƒŽŽ‘™ƒ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ ‘ˆ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘†‡Ž• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ „ƒ•‡† ‘ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˜‡”•—• ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ǡƒ†‹–Š‹••–—†›’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡” ƒ›„‡‹’‘”–ƒ–‰‹˜‡–Š‡‡š–‡–‘ˆŽƒ†—•‡ Šƒ‰‡‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™‹–Š N. longifoliaǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•– ‘‘ƒ†™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡‰‡—•ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͳȌǡ™Š‹ ŠƒŽ•‘‘ —”•‹ •›’ƒ–”› ™‹–Š N. lloydii ‹ •‘‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ™‹ŽŽ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‘–‡š– ˆ‘” „‡––‡” —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •‘ˆN. lloydiiǤ ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷʹ

Š‹Ž‡ ‹ ”‘•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ƒ”‡”• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ –Š‡ ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ Š‘‹ ‡ ˆ‘” ƒ› ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ••–—†‹‡•ǡ”‡ ‡–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‹‡š–‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘•‡“—‡ ‹‰ ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ —Ž–‹ǦŽ‘ —• †ƒ–ƒ ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ‘†‡Ž ‘”‰ƒ‹••Ǥ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ””ƒ›‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›•‡“—‡ ‹‰ȋ”•‡“ȌŠƒ•„‡ ‘‡ƒ’‘’—Žƒ”‰‡‘–›’‹‰–‘‘Ž ƒ•‹–‹•ƒŽ‘™Ǧ ‘•–ǡŠ‹‰Š–Š”‘—‰Š’—–ƒ†”‘„—•–•›•–‡™Š‹ Š ƒ›‹‡Ž†–Š‘—•ƒ†• ‘ˆ •‹‰Ž‡ — Ž‡‘–‹†‡ ’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•• ȋ•Ȍ ‰‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡ǡ ™‹–Š ‹‹ƒŽ  ‡‡„•ƒŠ›‰‘Ž‘Š ‡–•‹Š‘—† et al.ǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ ƒ ȋ׽ͷ‰Ȍ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ȋ‡Ž’ƒ• —•‡†•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›‹—‡”‘—•’Žƒ–•–—†‹‡•‘˜‡”–Š‡’ƒ•–†‡ ƒ†‡ȋ ƒ”ƒ˜‹–‘ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ǣ†Œ‹‘†Œ‘’ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ‹ŽŽ‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ǢýƒŽ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ‰ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͷǢƒŽ†‹••‡” et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ•‘‡•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡”•‡“–‡ Š‹“—‡–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›Š›„”‹†•ƒ† ƒ†‹š–—”‡„‡–™‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋŽǦ‡›”‘—–‹‘˜ž et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸Ǣ‡Ž˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ ƒ‹‡•ǡ‘›•‡ǡ ‘†‹•‘ǡ‹Ž‹ƒǡ‹–Šƒ–‡, et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣƒ‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳͷǢƒ‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–Š‹••–—†›”•‡“ƒ”‡”•ƒ†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡—•‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ Š›„”‹† ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ N. ipsviciensis ƒ† ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ƒ‘‰ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† –‘ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ˆ—–—”‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ƒ† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ



3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.2.1 Study sites & sampling

–‘–ƒŽ‘ˆͳͶͷ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆNotelaeaˆ”‘ˆ‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡•ƒ’Ž‡†‹–Š‹••–—†› ȋƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥͳƒ†’’‡†‹šͳͲȌǤ ƒ’Ž‡•™‡”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‘™’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆN. lloydii–‘ƒ••‡••‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹ƒ†ƒ‘‰N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ†–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘™ƒ•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ȋˆ”‘‘‡–‘ ͳ͹Ȍ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ƒ† •‹–‡ ƒ ‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ N. microcarpaˆ”‘–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–•”ƒ‰‡™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘‘„–ƒ‹‡†–‘ƒ••‡••–Š‡‰‡‡–‹  •‹‹Žƒ”‹–›„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa.Notelaea longifolia–‹••—‡•ƒ’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡N. longifoliaƒ†N. lloydii™‡”‡•›’ƒ–”‹ ‘” Ž‘ ƒ–‡† Ž‘•‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ˆ‘” ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›„‡–™‡‡ƒ ”‡•–”‹ –‡†ƒ†™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤʹȌǤŠ‡‘Ž›‘™•‹–‡™Š‡”‡N. ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷ͵ ipsviciensis‘ —”•‹•ƒ•ƒŽŽ”‘ƒ†•‹†‡”‡•‡”˜‡‡š––‘–Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ƒ–„„™ƒŽ‡ǤNotelaea ipsviciensis•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š•ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ•’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. lloydiiȌ™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡–Š‡› ‘Ǧ‘ —”ȋ—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›Ȍƒ†™‡”‡Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ• ̴‡™ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆN. ovata™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘„„™ ƒŽ‡ƒ†‘‘Š‡› ‘”‡•–‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ





‹‰—”‡͵Ǥʹǣƒ’•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‹‰Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia ƒ†–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•

”‡•ŠŽ‡ƒˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™ƒ• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘’Žƒ–•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ† ™Š‡”‡ •‹–‡ ƒ ‡•• ™ƒ• ‰”ƒ–‡† ƒ† ’‡”‹–• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ȋ Ͷͳͺͷͻ͵Ͳͳ͹ Ƭ  ͳͺͷͻ͵Ͳͳ͹ȌǤ ‡ƒ˜‡• ™‡”‡ †”‹‡† ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› ‹ •‹Ž‹ ƒ ‰‡Ž —–‹Ž –Š‡  ‡š–”ƒ –‹‘•™‡”‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ ‘”–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ†”‹‡†Ž‡ƒˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡—•‡†Ǥ ‡‘‹ ™ƒ•‡š–”ƒ –‡†ƒ• ’‡”‡–Š‘†•†‡• ”‹„‡†‹ Šƒ’–‡”ͳǡ ƒ†•ƒ’Ž‡•™‡”‡•‡––‘‹˜‡”•‹–› ””ƒ›•‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›–›–†ǡƒ„‡””ƒǡˆ‘””•‡“ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ



‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷͶ

3.2.2 Data analysis

‡•—Ž–• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ ”•‡“ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™‡”‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡ ” ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ȋ ”—„‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͺȌ ‹ –Š‡  ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”Ǥ Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡‘–›’‹‰ ”‡•—Ž–• ™‡”‡ ˆ‹Ž–‡”‡† ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ƒŽŽ ”ƒ–‡Ǥ ‘ ‹ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒŽŽ ”ƒ–‡ „‡Ž‘™ ͻͲΨ ƒ† ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›„‡Ž‘™ͻͷΨ™‡”‡”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ



3.2.3 Evaluation of the hybrid origin of N. ipsviciensis

’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ‘Ȍ™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†—•‹‰”–‘˜‹•—ƒŽ‹•‡ –Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡Notelaea•’’ǤȋN. ipsvisiensisǡN. lloydiiǡ N. microcarpa, N. ovataƒ†N. longifoliaȌǤ†ƒ–ƒ•‡–‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‡–‘’ʹͲͲŽ‘ ‹ȋ„› ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡Ȍǡ–Šƒ–‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒˆ‹š‡††‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ™ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡†„› ‘’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡–™‘ ’—–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”‡–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataȌƒ†‡™ ›„”‹†••‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ȋ†‡”•‘ Ƭ Š‘’•‘ǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ †‡”•‘ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ™ƒ• —•‡† –‘ ‘’—–‡ –Š‡ ’‘•–‡”‹‘” †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ˆ‘” •ƒ’Ž‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• „‡Ž‘‰‹‰ –‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Š›„”‹† ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ȋ‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ†Žƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ‘‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŠ›„”‹† Žƒ••‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǡ–Š‡‡™ ›„”‹†•ƒƒŽ›•‹•™ƒ•”—‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›–Š”‡‡–‹‡•—•‹‰ ‡ˆˆ”‡›•ǦŽ‹‡’”‹‘”•ƒ†ͳǡͷͲͲǡͲͲͲ•™‡‡’•Ǥ



3.2.4 Evaluation of the spatial genetic structure between N. lloydii populations

ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ȋ”‹‰Š– ȋͳͻͶͻȌ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‹” ƒ† ‘ ‡”Šƒ ȋͳͻͺͶȌ ‡•–‹ƒ–‘”ǡTȌ„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡’ƒ ƒ‰‡

– ȋ‡„Ž‡–‘ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‡‹ǯ• ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ȋ‡‹ ͳͻͺ͹Ȍ ƒ†  ‰‡‡–‹  †‹•–ƒ ‡ ȋ‡‹ ͳͻ͹ʹȌ ™‡”‡ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡  ’ƒ ƒ‰‡• ȋ ‘—†‡–ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌ Š‡‹”ˆ•–ƒ–ȋ ‘—†‡–ǡʹͲͲͷȌƒ†–ȋ‡„Ž‡–‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͵Ȍ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ƒ–‡Ž–‡•– ȋƒ–‡Žǡ ͳͻ͸͹Ȍ ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† —•‹‰–Š‡ ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ƒ†‡Ͷȋ”ƒ›Ƭ

—ˆ‘—”ǡ ʹͲͲ͹Ȍ –‘ –‡•– –Š‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ 

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷͷ

†‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ  ˜ͶǤͲǤͷȋ ƒ‡ǡʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ƒ‡ et al.ǡʹͲͲͺȌ™ƒ•—•‡†–‘

‡šƒ‹‡™Š‡–Š‡”’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •–™ƒ•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘„›†‹•–ƒ ‡ȋ Ȍ‘” Žƒ†• ƒ’‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ȋ ȌȂ‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡”‡ƒ–˜‡”•—•‘Ǧ”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”Ǥ  ”‡ƒ– ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ȋȌ ™ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ– ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡” ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ ˜‡ –‘” Žƒ›‡” ȋ—‡‡•Žƒ† ’ƒ–‹ƒŽ ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰—‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ“Ž†•’ƒ–‹ƒŽǤ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ“Ž†Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁ ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰—‡ȀȌ ‹–‘ ƒ „‹ƒ”›”ƒ•–‡”†‡‘–‹‰–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡Ȁƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ–ƒ ‡ŽŽ•‹œ‡ ‘ˆͳͲͲǤŠ‡™ƒ• ‘•–”ƒ‹‡†–‘ƒͳ„—ˆˆ‡”„‡›‘†–Š‡ˆ—”–Š‡•–•ƒ’Ž‹‰ •‹–‡ ‹ ‡ƒ Š †‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ  ‘’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ‹ –Š‡  ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ˜ͶǤͲǦͳͶȋ‡–‡”ƒǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ —•‡•ƒ‰‡‡–‹ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ȋ ”— ƒǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ƒ† Ž‹‡ƒ” ‹š‡† ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘†‡Ž ™‹–Š ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‡ˆˆ‡ –•ȋǢŽƒ”‡et alǤǡʹͲͲʹȌ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†‹–Š‡’ƒ ƒ‰‡Ž‡Ͷ ȋƒ–‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳͷȌ‹‡ƒ”‹š‡†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘†‡Ž•ˆ‹––‡†™‹–Šƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”‘Ǧ ‹†‡’‡†‡ ‡ƒ‘‰’ƒ‹”™‹•‡†ƒ–ƒȋŽƒ”‡ et al.ǡʹͲͲʹȌƒ†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡•Š‘™–‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” „‡––‡” –Šƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• ‹ Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ ‰‡‡–‹ • ‘†‡Ž•‡Ž‡ –‹‘ȋŠ‹” et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ

’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ– ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† —•‹‰ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ƒ• –Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ƒ† ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† ‹    —•‹‰ ƒ ‡‹‰Š–Ǧ‡‹‰Š„‘—” ‘‡ –‹‘ • Š‡‡ ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‡†‹ –‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ™‘ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‘†‡Ž•ǡƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘†‡Ž™Š‡”‡‡˜‡”› ‡ŽŽ‹••‡––‘ƒ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ͳ ƒ† ƒ ‹–‡” ‡’–Ǧ‘Ž› ‘†‡Ž ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ •–”— –—”‡ǡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†Ǥ ’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† –™‹ ‡ –‘ ‘ˆ‹” ‘˜‡”‰‡ ‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ™ƒ• ”ƒ‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ‹‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‹–‡”‹‘ȋ Ȍǡ  ‘””‡ –‡†ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ•ƒ’Ž‡•‹œ‡•ȋ  Ȍƒ†ˆ‘” †‡Ž–ƒ  ȋȟ  ȌǤ



3.2.5 Comparison of genetic diversity and relatedness within and between N. lloydii and N. longifolia populations

–ƒ†ƒ”†’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•‘ˆ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‡˜‡Ž‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ˆ‘”•‹š N. lloydii ƒ† –Š”‡‡ N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –™‘ •›’ƒ–”‹ 

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷ͸

’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȌǤ ‘” –Š‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ ‘Ž›’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ˆ‘—”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡‹ Ž—†‡†Ǥˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•ƒ’Ž‡—„‡”•‘ˆN. microcarpaˆ”‘ ƒ›•‹–‡™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ǡƒ•–Š‡›™‡”‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–‘„‡ƒ†‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š—• ‘Ž› •ƒ’Ž‡† –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ „”‘ƒ†‡” ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ

„•‡”˜‡† Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–› ȋ ‘Ȍǡ š’‡ –‡† Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–› ȋ ‡Ȍ ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰

‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–ȋ Ȍ‘ˆ‡ƒ ŠŽ‘ —•™‹–Š‹‡ƒ Š’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘™‡”‡ƒ••‡••‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ Š‹‡”ˆ•–ƒ– ȋ ‘—†‡–ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡•• ȋ‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•Ȍ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‡”‡ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† —•‹‰–Š‡ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ‡–Š‘† ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ‡Žƒ–‡ȋŠ‡‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ





‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͷ͹

ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥͳǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡††—”‹‰–Š‡•–—†›ǤŽŽ•ƒ’Ž‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‹—‡‡•Žƒ†—Ž‡•••’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†‘–Š‡”™‹•‡Ǥ

Species Sample Location Population Abbreviation Number of Samples N. lloydii • ̴• ͳ͹ –”‘•„› ̴–” ͳ͹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ ͳ͸ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ͳ͸ Š‘Ž‘ ̴Š‘Ž‘ ͷ –†™ƒ”†• ̴–† Ͷ „„™ƒŽ‡ ̴„„™ ͳ N. lloydii_HWY_New —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›ȋ„„™ƒŽ‡Ȍ ̴ ̴‡™ ͵ N. ipsviciensis_HWY_New —‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›ȋ„„™ƒŽ‡Ȍ ̴ ̴‡™ ͷ N. ovata ‘‘Š‡› ‘”‡•–ƒ” ̴ ͷ „„™ƒŽ‡ ̴  ͳ N. microcarpa ‘ ‡”ƒŽŽ‡› ̴ ͺ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†•   ʹ Š‹ Š‹ŽŽƒ   ʹ ’•™‹ Š   ʹ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†•   ʹ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͷͺ

ƒŽ‘‡   ͳ Šƒ”–‡”•‘™‡”•   ͳ –Š‡”‹†‰‡   ͳ Ž‹†‡”•   ͳ ‘‘†‹™‹†‹   ͳ —”™‡Š   ͳ ‘”–Š—”‡––   ͳ ‘‡”•‡–   ͳ ‘‘™‘‘„ƒ   ͳ ‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡• ̴ ʹ N. longifolia Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ ͳͲ ƒˆ‘”† ̴  ͳͲ –†™ƒ”†• ̴–† ͸ ƒ”‡• ‹ŽŽȋ–”‘•„›Ȍ ̴  ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ͳ  

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͷͻ

3.3 RESULTS

 –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ ʹͷͺǡͳͺͲ „‹ƒ”› • ™‡”‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” ͳͶͷ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ™‹–Š ʹͶΨ ‹••‹‰‰‡‘–›’‡†ƒ–ƒǤ –Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ•‡–ǡ‰‡‘–›’‡ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡”ƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘ʹͲȂ ͳͲͲΨƒ†• ‘”‹‰”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›”ƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘ͺͷȂͳͲͲΨǤˆ–‡”ˆ‹Ž–‡”‹‰‘—––Š‡ Ž‘™Ǧ“—ƒŽ‹–›†ƒ–ƒǡ͹ͷǡͷͻʹŽ‘ ‹™‡”‡”‡–ƒ‹‡†™‹–Š‘Ž›Ͷ؏‹••‹‰†ƒ–ƒǤ



3.3.1 Hybrid origin of N. ipsviciensis

‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͵•Š‘™•–Š‡‘’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡Notelaea•’’ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ†•‡ ‘†ƒš‡• ƒ ‘—–‡†ˆ‘”ͳͶǤ͸Ψƒ†ͶǤͻΨ‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤNotelaea longifoliaƒ† N. ovata Ž‡ƒ”Ž›•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‹–‘†‹•–‹ – Ž—•–‡”•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. lloydii ƒ†N. microcarpa ‘˜‡”Žƒ’–‘•‘‡‡š–‡–ǤŠ‡•ƒ’Ž‡• ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡†‘‘–ˆ‘”ƒ†‹•–‹ – Ž—•–‡”„—–Ž‹‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata Ž—•–‡”•Ǥ•N. longifolia ™ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”Ž›•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ƒŽ‘‰ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒš‹•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”ˆ‘—”•’‡ ‹‡•‹–™ƒ•‘– ‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡‡™ ›„”‹†•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‡’Ž‘–‘ˆƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”›’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͶǤ ŽŽ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡

ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡† ‹–‘ ’ƒ”‡– ͳ ȋͳȌ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒŽŽ N. ovata ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ ƒ••‹‰‡† –‘

’ƒ”‡–ʹȋʹȌǤŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‹‰Š–ƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•

Žƒ–‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ Š›„”‹†•Ǣ ‘ ˆ‹”•–Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ Š›„”‹†• ȋ ͳȌ ™‡”‡ ˆ‘—†Ǥ Š‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ‹‰ –Š‡•‡ Žƒ–‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ Š›„”‹†• –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‡‹–Š‡” •‡ ‘†

‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ Š›„”‹†• ȋ ʹȌ ‘” „ƒ  ”‘••‡† Š›„”‹†• ™‹–Š ͳȋN. lloydiiȌǤ ‘

„ƒ  ”‘••‡†Š›„”‹†•™‹–ŠʹȋN. ovataȌ™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†’’‡†‹šͳͳǤ



‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸Ͳ

 ‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͵ǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••ƒ’Ž‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—”Notelaea•’’Ǥƒ†–Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ȋŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ̴‡™ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡‹””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ‘ƒš‹•ͳƒ†ʹ”‡’”‡•‡–ͳͶǤ͸Ψƒ†ͶǤͻΨ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͸ͳ



 ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͶǣŠ‡’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡’‘•–‡”‹‘”’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‘–›’‡ Žƒ••‡•–‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‡™ ›„”‹†•Ǥƒ Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ „ƒ” ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ Ž‡‰–Š ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ͳǤͲǡ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ „ƒ” ‘ —’‹‡† „› ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ„‡Ž‘‰•–‘–Š‡‰‡‘–›’‡ˆ”‡“—‡ › ƒ–‡‰‘”›†‡‘–‡†„›–Šƒ– ‘Ž‘—”ȋͳǣͳ•–’—–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”‡–ǡʹǣʹ†’—–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”‡–ǡƒ”Ž› ‡Ǥǣ‡ƒ”Ž›‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Š›„”‹†•ǡƒ–‡ ‡ǤǣŽƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Š›„”‹†•ǡǣN. lloydiiǡǣN. microcarpaǡǣN. ovataǡ ̴‡™ǣ •ƒ’Ž‡•”‡ ‡–Ž› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘Ȍ



‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͸ʹ

3.3.2 Spatial genetic structure and gene flow among N. lloydii populations

‘™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‘ƒ†ƒ–ƒ•‡– ‘–ƒ‹‹‰͸͵ǡͳ͸ͶŽ‘ ‹ȋ ƒŽŽ”ƒ–‡ƒ„‘˜‡ͻͲΨǡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡”‡’”‘†— ‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ„‘˜‡ͻͷΨƒ†͵Ǥ͹؏‹••‹‰†ƒ–ƒȌˆ‘”ͳͲ͵‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͷȌǤŠ‹•‹ Ž—†‡•N. lloydii•ƒ’Ž‡†ˆ”‘ ƒŽŽ ‘™ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† N. microcarpa •ƒ’Ž‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ”„› Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›‹—‡‡•Žƒ†ȋ̴Ȍƒ†Š‡”„ƒ”‹—•’‡ ‹‡•–‘”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡™‹†‡”†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ȋ ǣˆ”‘‘”‡†‹•–ƒ–Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•‹—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ† ̴ǣ ˆ”‘ ‡™ ‘—–Š ƒŽ‡•ȌǤ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ƒ† •‡ ‘† ƒš‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ƒ ‘—–‡† ˆ‘” ͷǤ͸Ψ ƒ† ͵Ǥ͸Ψǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͷȌǤ ŽŽ –Š‡ N. microcarpa ƒ ‡••‹‘• Ž—•–‡”–‘‰‡–Š‡” ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• Ž‹––Ž‡ ‰‡‡–‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ™‹–Š‘˜‡”Žƒ’‘ˆ•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘‡™‘—–ŠƒŽ‡• ƒ†–Š‡‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›‹—‡‡•Žƒ†ǤNotelaea lloydii•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–†™ƒ”†• ‹ —‡‡•Žƒ† ƒŽ•‘ Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‘˜‡”Žƒ’ ™‹–Š N. microcarpaǡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡‹” Ž‘•‡ ‰‡‡–‹ ƒˆˆ‹‹–›Ǥ‹•–‹ – Ž—•–‡”•‘ˆN. lloydii•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘•ƒ†Ž‘›†‹”† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ”™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘‡˜‹†‡–‹–Š‡‘Ǥ

ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •–˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡•ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥʹǡ™Š‹Ž‡‡‹ǯ•

•–ȋͳͻͺ͹Ȍƒ†‰‡‡–‹ †‹•–ƒ ‡•ȋ‡‹ͳͻ͹ʹȌƒ”‡‰‹˜‡‹’’‡†‹šͳʹǤŠ‡–™‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ ‘•‹•–‡–’ƒ––‡”‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

”‹‰Š–ǯ• •– ˜ƒŽ—‡• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‰‡‡–‹  †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ƒŽŽ N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‘—–†™ƒ”†•ƒ†•’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. lloydii™‡”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋƒ„Ž‡͵ǤʹȌǤŠ‹‰ŠŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘Ǧ„›Ǧ†‹•–ƒ ‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†ȋαͲǤͺ͵ʹͻǡ

’ α ͲǤͲͲͷͳȌǤ •– ˜ƒŽ—‡• „‡–™‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• •ƒ’Ž‡† ˆ”‘ Ž‘›† ‹”† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ƒ” ƒ† – †™ƒ”†• ȋ–Š‡ –™‘ •‹–‡• ™Š‡”‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. longifolia ƒ”‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ •›’ƒ–”›Ȍ ™‡”‡ Š‹‰Š‡” ˆ‘” N. lloydii ȋͲǤͳ͵͹ͻȌ –Šƒ N. longifoliaȋͲǤͲͷͻʹǡ’’‡†‹šͳ͵ȌǤ

‘‰–Š‡–Š”‡‡Žƒ†• ƒ’‡‘†‡Ž•–‡•–‡†ǡ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡ƒ† •– •Š‘™‡†•–”‘‰‡•–•—’’‘”–„ƒ•‡†‘ȟ  ˆ‘”–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘†‡Žȋƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ͵ȌǤŠ‡ ”‡ƒ– ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘  •Š‘™‡† –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ•– •—’’‘”–ǡ „‡Š‹† –Š‡ ‹–‡” ‡’–Ǧ‘Ž›

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸͵

‘†‡Ž‘ˆ‘Žƒ†• ƒ’‡•–”— –—”‡Ǥ ‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͸•Š‘™•ƒ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ‹ˆ‡””‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰–Š‡•‹šN. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥʹǣƒ‹”™‹•‡”‹‰Š–ǯ• •–˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽǡŠ‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‹Ž‹‰Š–‰”‡›Ȍ ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ȋȌ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ȋ—’’‡” †‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ N. lloydii

’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ‘’ƒ”‹•‘•ȋ’δͲǤͲͷȌƒ”‡•Š‘™ ‹„‘Ž†Ǥ

LL_Esk LL_MtCr LL_LB LL_Moggill LL_Kholo LL_MtEd LL_Esk  ͷͲǤͺʹ ͶͻǤ͵͸ ͷʹǤ͵ͺ ͶͶǤ͸͸ ͺͺǤͶͻ LL_MtCr 0.0922  ͶǤͳͻ ʹǤͶ͸ ͹ǤͶ͹ ͸ʹǤͷ LL_LB 0.1059 0.0720  ͸Ǥͷ͹ ͶǤͷͳ ͷͻǤʹ LL_Moggill 0.1212 0.0686 0.0934  ͻǤ͹ͺ ͸ͶǤʹͷ LL_Kholo 0.0874 0.0439 0.0663 0.0763  ͸ͲǤ͵ͷ LL_MtEd 0.1277 0.1300 0.1379 0.1686 0.1295    ƒ„Ž‡ ͵Ǥ͵ǣ ‡•—Ž–• ˆ‘” Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ ‰‡‡–‹ • ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘’–‹‹•ƒ–‹‘ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‹‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡•”ƒ‡†‹‘”†‡”‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ȟ  ȋ‘–‡ǣ–Š‡Dz‡•‹•–ƒ ‡dz ‘Ž—•Š‘™•–Š‡ƒ••‹‰‡†”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡•˜ƒŽ—‡•–‘ –Š‡„‹ƒ”›”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Žƒ›‡”™Š‡”‡†‡‘–‡•ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ƒ†–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡Ȍ

Surface AIC AICc ΔAICc Resistance Parameters (k)  Distance Ǧ͹ʹǤͺͳͳ͹ Ǧ͸ͻǤͶ͸͸ʹ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ʹ  Null Ǧ͸ͶǤ͹ͳͲ͸ Ǧ͸͵Ǥ͹ͳͲ͸ ǦͷǤ͹ͷͷ͸ ͳ Remnant Ǧ͹͵ǤͶ͸͸ʹ Ǧ͸ͳǤͶ͸͸ʹ ǦͺǤͲͲͲͲ ǦͳǢǦʹǤͷ ͵ vegetation 

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸Ͷ

 ‹‰—”‡͵Ǥͷǣ ƒ––‡”’Ž‘–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••ƒ’Ž‡†ˆ”‘N. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͸ͷ

 ‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥ͸ǣƒ’ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‰ ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ „‡–™‡‡ N. lloydii •ƒ’Ž‹‰ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•

3.3.3 Genetic diversity and relatedness within & between N. lloydii & N. longifolia populations

‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›‡•–‹ƒ–‡•™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ˆ‘”N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „›ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ‘—”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ ‡••‹‘•‘ˆN. microcarpa ƒ‡ˆ”‘ ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘—Ž†‘–„‡‹ Ž—†‡† ‹–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ•‡– ‘•‹•–‡†‘ˆ͹ͷ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘•‹š’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ•ǣͳ͹ǡŠ‘Ž‘ǣͷǡŽ‘›†‹”†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ”ǣͳ͸ǡ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ”ǣ ͳ͸ǡ‘—–”‘•„›ǣͳ͹ƒ†‘—–†™ƒ”†•ǣͶȌǡƒ†ͷͶǡ͹ͷ͹Ž‘ ‹™‹–ŠʹǤʹ؏‹••‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ȋˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ Ž‘™ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ‘‘‘”’Š‹  Ž‘ ‹ȌǤ ‡ƒ ‰‡‡–‹ 

†‹˜‡”•‹–›‡ƒ•—”‡•ȋ ‘ǡ ‡ƒ† Ȍˆ‘”‡ƒ ŠN. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‡šŠ‹„‹– Ž‘™‡” ‘„•‡”˜‡† –Šƒ ‡š’‡ –‡†

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸͸

Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–› ƒ† ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–• ”ƒ‰‹‰ ˆ”‘ ͲǤͳʹ͸ͳ –‘ ͲǤͳͺͷ͹ǡ•—‰‰‡•–‹‰‹„”‡‡†‹‰ȋƒ„Ž‡͵ǤͶȌǤ



ƒ„Ž‡͵ǤͶǣ‡ƒ‘„•‡”˜‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‘Ȍǡ‡š’‡ –‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‡Ȍƒ†

‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ȋ Ȍ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š N. lloydii ƒ† N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡””‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ‹•‰‹˜‡‹„”ƒ ‡–•ȌǤ

Species Population Ho He FIS N. lloydii LL_Esk ͲǤͳͳͶͳ ͲǤͳͶ͹ͳ ͲǤͳͶ͹ͳ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͸Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ LL_MtCr ͲǤͳͳͻ͹ ͲǤͳͶͻͶ ͲǤͳͷͻͲ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͳ͹Ȍ LL_LB ͲǤͳʹͶʹ ͲǤͳͶ͸͹ ͲǤͳʹ͸ͳ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͳͺȌ LL_Moggill ͲǤͳͳ͸Ͳ ͲǤͳ͵ͻͶ ͲǤͳ͵ͷͲ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͳͻȌ LL_Kholo ͲǤͳͳͶʹ ͲǤͳͶ͸ʹ ͲǤͳͷͳ͹ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͺȌ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͻȌ ȋͲǤͲͲʹͻȌ LL_MtEd ͲǤͲͻͺ͵ ͲǤͳ͵ʹͷ ͲǤͳ͹Ͳͺ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͺȌ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͻȌ ȋͲǤͲͲ͵͸Ȍ TOTAL ͲǤͳͳͶͶ ͲǤͳͶ͵͸ ͲǤͳͷ͵͹ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͵Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͵Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͻȌ N. longifolia LO_LB ͲǤʹ͵ͳ͹ ͲǤʹͲͶͺ ǦʹǤ͹ͲͶͺ ȋͲǤͲͲͳͲȌ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͺȌ ȋͲǤͲͳ͸ͺȌ LO_MtEd ͲǤʹͶͶ͹ ͲǤʹͲͷʹ Ǧ͵ǤͺͶʹ͵ ȋͲǤͲͲͳʹȌ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͺȌ ȋͲǤͲͳͺͲȌ LO_SERF ͲǤʹ͵͵ͻ ͲǤʹͲ͹͹ ǦʹǤͶ͵͸͸ ȋͲǤͲͲͳͲȌ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͹Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͳ͸͵Ȍ TOTAL ͲǤʹ͵͸ͺ ͲǤʹͲͷͻ ǦʹǤͻͻͶ͸ ȋͲǤͲͲͲ͸Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͲͶȌ ȋͲǤͲͳͲͲȌ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸͹

ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥͷǣ˜‡”ƒ‰‡’ƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•™‹–Š‹ȋƒŽ‘‰–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽƒ†Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‰”‡›Ȍƒ†„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆN. lloydiiǤ

Esk MtCr LB Moggill Kholo MtEd

Esk ͲǤͲͷͶ͸ͻ͹      MtCr ͲǤͲͲͲͳ͹ͻ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳͷ͸ͺ     LB ͲǤͲͲͲʹͳͳ ͲǤͲͲͳʹ͹͹ ͲǤͲͶ͹ͳͺͲ    Moggill ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹͲ ͲǤͲͲ͵ʹ͹ͺ ͲǤͲͲͲͻͺͺ ͲǤͲͷ͸ͷͺͷ   Kholo ͲǤͲͲͳ͵ͳͳ ͲǤͲͲ͹ʹ͵͵ ͲǤͲͲͶʹͳ͹ ͲǤͲͲͶͶ͹͹ ͲǤͲ͵͸ͷͷͳ  MtEd ͲǤͲͲ͹ͷͳͷ ͲǤͲͲͳͷʹ͹ ͲǤͲͲͶͲͻ͸ ͲǤͲͲͲͶͺʹ ͲǤͲͲ͸͸ͷͳ ͲǤͳͳͶͻͳͻ  ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ͸ǣ˜‡”ƒ‰‡’ƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•™‹–Š‹ȋƒŽ‘‰–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽƒ†Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‰”‡›Ȍƒ†„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆN. longifoliaǤ

LB SERF MtEd LB ͲǤͲʹ͵Ͳͻͷ   SERF ͲǤͲͲͲ͵ͳͳ ͲǤͲʹͳ͵͹ʹ  MtEd ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲ͸͵ʹͲͲ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•  ͸ͺ

‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† ˆ‘”–Š”‡‡ N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ‘—”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ–‘–ƒŽ‘ˆʹ͸N. longifolia ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ† ͷͺǡͺ͸ͻ Ž‘ ‹ ™‹–Š ͳǤ͵Ψ ‹••‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡ ‹ Ž—†‡†Ǥ  ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›

‡ƒ•—”‡•ȋ ‘ǡ ‡ƒ† Ȍˆ‘”ƒŽŽN. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘–‡ ‡š ‡••‡•ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘ǦʹǤͶ͵͸͸–‘Ǧ͵ǤͺͶʹ͵ •—‰‰‡•–‹‰Ž‹––Ž‡‡˜‹†‡ ‡‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ȋƒ„Ž‡͵ǤͶȌǤ

ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡•• ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ ‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–• ȋȌ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡˜ƒŽ—‡•™‹–Š‹‡ƒ ŠN. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘™‡”‡Š‹‰Š‡”–Šƒ ™‹–Š‹ N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‹ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡‘”‡ Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”–Šƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–Š‹N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋƒ„Ž‡• ͵Ǥͷ Ƭ ͵Ǥ͸ȌǤ Š‡ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡  ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡Š‹‰Š‡”–Šƒ„‡–™‡‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡Š‹‰Š‡•–ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡™‹–Š‹ƒŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”„‘–ŠN. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia™ƒ•ˆ‘—†ƒ–– †™ƒ”†• ȋƒ„Ž‡• ͵Ǥͷ Ƭ ͵Ǥ͸Ȍǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡–™‘‘•– ”‡Žƒ–‡† N. lloydii‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†™‹–Šƒ‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆͲǤʹͷͶȋ’’‡†‹šͳͶȌǤ



3.4 DISCUSSION

3.4.1 Hybrid origin of N. ipsviciensis

Š‡Š›„”‹†‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†N. ipsviciensis ƒ†‹–•˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›ƒ•ƒ †‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ•„‡‡“—‡•–‹‘‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡Žƒ•––™‘†‡ ƒ†‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ’”‡•‡–•–—†›Šƒ˜‡‘™ ‘ˆ‹”‡†–Šƒ–‹–‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataǤŽŽ–Š‡‡‹‰Š–ƒ ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘™‡”‡•’”‡ƒ†‹–Š‡‘ ’Ž‘– „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –™‘ †‹•–‹ – Ž—•–‡”• ‘’”‹•‹‰ N. lloydii ƒ† N. ovata ƒ ‡••‹‘•ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͵Ȍƒ†™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•Š›„”‹†•‹–Š‡‡™ ›„”‹†ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͶȌǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡N. lloydii•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡†ƒ•’ƒ”‡–ͳȋ‹Ǥ‡., N. lloydiiȌǡ‹•–‡ƒ†–™‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‡† ƒ• „ƒ  ”‘••‡† Š›„”‹†• ™‹–Š N. lloydii ȋ’’‡†‹š ͳͳȌǡ –Š—• ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡‹” ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‡‡™ ›„”‹†ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒŽ•‘”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–N. lloydii †‘‡• ‘– ‘ —” ‹ •›’ƒ–”› ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š›„”‹† ȋN. ipsviciensisȌ ƒ– –Š‹• Š‹‰Š™ƒ› ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͸ͻ

Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–‹•–‡ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‡†Š›„”‹†•‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‹Žƒ”–‘N. lloydiiƒ”‡ ˆ‘—† –Š‡”‡Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• •—’’‘”– ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒ† ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ”‡•—Ž–• ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹ Šƒ’–‡” ʹǤ Š‹Ž‡ „‘–Š ’ƒ”‡– •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š›„”‹† ™‡”‡ ‘ ‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† –‘ ‘ —”ƒ– –Š‡ ‹‰Š™ƒ› Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ•–‹ŽŽ „‡ ˆ‘—† ‡ƒ”„›ȋ‘‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡ƒ Š™‹–Š‹ʹȌǡ‹–‘™ƒ’’‡ƒ”•–Šƒ––Š‡›‘Ž‘‰‡”‡š‹•–‘•‹–‡ƒ† –Š‹•ƒ›„‡†—‡–‘ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆƒ –‘”•‹ Ž—†‹‰Š—ƒ†‹•–—”„ƒ ‡ƒ†ˆ‹”‡ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  •™ƒ’‹‰Ǥ – Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† –Šƒ– ‹–‡”Ǧ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‰„‡–™‡‡ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•™‹ŽŽ’Žƒ ‡–Š‡”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ–ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†”‹•‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‹‘„›‰‡‡–‹ •™ƒ’‹‰ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ†Ƭ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ǣ‡’’‡Ž et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌƒ†–Š‹•ƒ›„‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡ˆ‘”–Š‡˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹•–‡†N. lloydiiǤ ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡˜‡–‹•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ȋ ‡‘˜ƒ”–ǡ ʹͲͲͻǢ‘Ž–‹•Ƭ‘Ž–‹•ǡʹͲͲͻȌǡ„—–‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆN. ipsviciensisǡ‹–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡• ƒ› „‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ ƒ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› •›’ƒ–”‹  –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ



3.4.2 Spatial genetic structure & gene flow among N. lloydii populations

Notelaea lloydii™ƒ•ˆ‹”•–†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•„› —›‡”ȋͳͻͺ͹Ȍƒ†ƒ– –Šƒ––‹‡‹–™ƒ•‘™‘Ž›ˆ”‘–™‘Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–™‡”‡•‹š–›‹Ž‘‡–”‡•ƒ’ƒ”–Ǥ ƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ ˆ‡™ ‘–Š‡” †‹•Œ— – ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‡”‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͵͹ͲͲ ʹȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡ ʹͲͲͺǢ ƒŽˆ‘”†ǡͳͻͻͺȌǤ –Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›ǡƒŽŽ‘™’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡•ƒ’Ž‡†ǡ ƒ†ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡‹†‹ ƒ–‡†Ǯ‘†‡”ƒ–‡ǯ‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘

ȋ––‡™‡ŽŽ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸Ȍƒ•’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •–˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡͵ǤʹȌ™‡”‡„‡–™‡‡ͲǤͲͷ–‘ ͲǤͳͷǡ ‡š ‡’– ‹ ‘‡ ’ƒ‹” ™Š‡”‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• Š‹‰Š‡” ȋ̴‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ƒ†

̴–†Ǣ •–αͲǤͳ͸ͺ͸ȌǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡN. microcarpaǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ••—‰‰‡•–‡†–‘„‡ ‘•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‹–ŠN. lloydii ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǡ•Š‘™•Ž‡••‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –‡•–‡† ƒ ”‘•• ƒ ™‹†‡” ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ”ƒ‰‡ ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͷȌǤ ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ –Š‹• ‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›–‡•–‡†ǡ ƒ• –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘– ‡‘—‰Š •ƒ’Ž‡• –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– ‡ƒ Š ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ †‡•’‹–‡ ‹–• ƒˆˆ‹‹–› –‘ –Š‡ ‘‘N. microcarpaǡƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡‹•‡˜‹†‡–™‹–Š‹N. lloydii

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹Ͳ

‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ•—‰‰‡•–‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‹•”‡‰‹‘ ƒ”‡‘–™‡ŽŽ ‘‡ –‡†„›‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™Ǥ

‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡‡š’‡ –‡†„‡–™‡‡•ƒŽŽǡˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• †—‡–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•”‡ƒ•‘•ǡ•— Šƒ•‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ǡ ’Žƒ–Ž‹ˆ‡Ǧ Š‹•–‘”› ƒ† ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ –”ƒ‹–• ȋ‡œ‡‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͻǢ —‹‹Ž et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ —‹‹Ž et al.ǡʹͲͲͻǢ ƒ”‹  et al.ǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ —ƒ‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳͻǢ‘˜‡Ž‡••Ƭ ƒ”‹ ǡ ͳͻͺͶȌǤ   –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ‘‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ™ƒ• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–‘†‡–‡”‹‡™Š‡–Š‡”‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘”Žƒ†• ƒ’‡ ˆƒ –‘”• ™‡”‡ †”‹˜‹‰ –Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ   ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ™Š‡”‡ ‘™ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ —”Šƒ•‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†‡š–‡•‹˜‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‹–Š‡Žƒ•–ʹͲͲ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ† „‡ ƒ—•‡ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ‘ˆ†”—’‡• „› ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‘—• „‹”†• ‹• Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ „‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ–•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽ‡ Šƒ‹•ǡ‹–™ƒ•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‡†–Šƒ––Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘” ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”ƒ›„‡Ž‹‡†–‘‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™Ǥ

‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡  ƒƒŽ›•‹•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ––Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘†‡Žǡ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ–Š‡”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘‘†‡Ž‘”—ŽŽ‘†‡Žǡ„‡•–‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Š‡’ƒ––‡”‘ˆ

‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ȋ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„› •–ȌǤ‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘––Š‡‡›”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆƒ –‘”ǡƒ†–Š‹•ƒ›„‡„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰Šƒ•‘ —””‡†–‘‘”‡ ‡–Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ Žƒ† —•‡ Šƒ‰‡ ƒ† ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ –‘ „‡ ‘‡ƒ’’ƒ”‡–ǤŠ‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡†‡’‡†‡–‘™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•‹•Ž‘‰ǦŽ‹˜‡† ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ –‹‡ǡ „—– —ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž› –Š‹• ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• —””‡–Ž› —‘™ˆ‘”N. lloydii. –‹•ƒŽ•‘‹’‘”–ƒ––‘ ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‘—•„‹”† •’‡ ‹‡• ȋŽ‹˜‡Ǧ„ƒ ‡† ”‹‘Ž‡ ƒ† ‡™‹ǯ• ‘‡›‡ƒ–‡”Ȍ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ”‡‘˜‹‰ †”—’‡•†—”‹‰–Š‹••–—†›ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵Ǥ͹Ȍƒ”‡ ‘‘ǡ‡†‹—Ǧ•‹œ‡†„‹”†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ‘™ƒ•—”„ƒƒ†ƒ’–ƒ„Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ” Š‹„ƒŽ† et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤŠ‹Ž‡†‡’‡†‡–‘ ˆ”—‹–‹‰–”‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ–Š‡› ƒ‡ƒ•‹Ž›ˆŽ›ƒ ”‘••‘’‡ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ†–Š—•ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”ƒ›‘–„‡ƒ„ƒ””‹‡”–‘–Š‡‹”‘˜‡‡–ƒ†–Š—••‡‡† †‹•’‡”•ƒŽǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ †‹•–ƒ ‡™ƒ•ƒ‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ˆƒ –‘”ǡ ™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡•–‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘•–‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ›†‹•–ƒ–•‹–‡•ǡ„—–‹–•Š‘—Ž† „‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–‡˜‡’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ‘‡ –‡†„›”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹ͳ

‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ” ȋ̴‘‰‰‹ŽŽȌ ƒ† Ž‘›† ‹”† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ƒ” ȋ̴ȌȌ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†Ǯ‘†‡”ƒ–‡ǯ‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡Ǥ



‹‰—”‡ ͵Ǥ͹ǣ ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ Ž‹˜‡Ǧ„ƒ ‡† ”‹‘Ž‡ ȋ—’’‡”Ȍ ƒ† ‡™‹ǯ• ‘‡›‡ƒ–‡” ȋŽ‘™‡”Ȍ ”‡‘˜‹‰ †”—’‡• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ƒ– Ž‘›† ‹”† ƒ”ǡ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡†‹™‹Ž†Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ‡”ƒǤ



‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹ʹ

 ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ „› †‹•–ƒ ‡ ȋ Ȍ ‹• ˆ‘—† ‹ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‹–Š Ž‘™ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘„‹‡†™‹–ŠŠƒ„‹–ƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–›ȋ‹’‘ŽŽ‹‹ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ‘—› et al.ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Š‹Ž‡ N. lloydii ’”‘†— ‡• •ƒŽŽ †”—’‡• ȋ —›‡”ǡ ͳͻͺ͹Ȍ ™Š‹ Š ƒ› „‡ ‡ƒ•‹Ž› †‹•’‡”•‡†Ž‘‰†‹•–ƒ ‡• „›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•ǡ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Žƒ–•ƒ”‡”ƒ”‡Ž›‡ ‘—–‡”‡† •—‰‰‡•–‹‰ –Šƒ– ”‡ ”—‹–‡– „› •‡‡†Ž‹‰ ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‹• Ž‡•• •— ‡••ˆ—ŽǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–”— –—”‡ ƒ„‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡†„›’Žƒ–Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”›–”ƒ‹–• •— Š ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ–‹‰ •›•–‡ǡ ™‹–Š •‡ŽˆǦ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡• Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ Š‹‰Š‡”’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘˜‹ƒ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ȋ ‘š‡ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲǢ ƒ”‹  et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͲǢ ›„‘ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ Ǥ   et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ •—”˜‡›• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. lloydii‹••‡ŽˆǦ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ǡ„—––Šƒ–ˆ”—‹–•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ‹•Ž‘™ȋ†‹• —••‡† ˆ—”–Š‡”‹Šƒ’–‡”ͶȌǤ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡˆ‘—†‡”‡ˆˆ‡ –•ƒ––Š‡–‹‡‘ˆ ‘Ž‘‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ ƒŽ•‘ Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ’”‘‘— ‡† †‹˜‡”‰‡ ‡ ƒ‘‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ‘˜‡Ž‡•• Ƭ ƒ”‹ ǡ ͳͻͺͶȌǤ  ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ƒ—ƒŽ ’Žƒ–• —†‡”‰‘ •–”‘‰ ˆ‘—†‡” ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡ ”‡†— ‹‰ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ‘‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ „—–”‡ ‘˜‡”ˆƒ•–‡”˜‹ƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•‡ˆˆ‡ –‹•‘™–‘„‡ Ž‹‹–‡†‹™‘‘†›’‡”‡‹ƒŽ•ƒ†”‡ ‘˜‡”›‹••Ž‘™‘™‹‰–‘–Š‡‹”Ž‘‰ǦŽ‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡ ȋ—•–‡”Ž‹–œ et al.ǡʹͲͲͲȌƒ†–Š‹•ƒ›„‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡‹N. lloydiiǤ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•—”˜‡›• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ƒ –‡†‡ › –‘™ƒ”†• Ž—’‡† •–ƒ†• ‘ˆ •‹‹Žƒ” •‹œ‡† N. lloydii ’Žƒ–• ȋŠƒ’–‡”ͶȌǡ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ƒˆ‘—†‡”‡˜‡–ǤŠ‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™‹–Š‹–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹•˜‹–ƒŽ–‘—†‡”•–ƒ† ƒ› ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ǡ •‡Žˆ‹‰ ƒ† ˆ‘—†‡” ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”ƒ”‹–›‘ˆN. lloydiiǤ



3.4.3 Genetic diversity & relatedness within & between N. lloydii & N. longifolia populations

ƒ›•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™–Šƒ–”ƒ”‡ƒ†‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡•–”‹ –‡†•’‡ ‹‡•–‡†–‘ Šƒ˜‡Ž‘™‡”‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›–Šƒ ‘‘ǡ™‹†‡Ǧ•’”‡ƒ† ‘‰‡‡”•ȋ‘Ž‡ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ ‹„•‘ et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ ‹–œ‡†ƒ‡”Ƭ‘Ž–‹•ǡʹͲͲͲǢ ƒ”‹  et al.ǡͳͻͻͲǢ ƒ”‹ Ƭ ‘†–ǡͳͻͻ͸Ǣ‹Šƒ”–Ƭ”‡‘Ž‹ǡͳͻͻ͵ǢŠ‡”ƒǦ”‘›Ž‡• et al.ǡͳͻͻʹȌǤŠ‹•–”‡† Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– •–—†› ƒ• ™‡ŽŽǤ ‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ™‹–Š‹ ƒ†

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹͵

ƒ‘‰N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹ –Š‡‘”‡ ‘‘N. longifolia ȋƒ„Ž‡͵ǤͶȌǤŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. lloydii‡šŠ‹„‹–

Ž‘™‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‘„•‡”˜‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‘Ȍ–Šƒ‡š’‡ –‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ȋ ‡ȌǤ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡŠ‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘–‡†‡ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›•—‰‰‡•–•Š‹‰Š‡”‹„”‡‡†‹‰ǡ„—– ƒ„‡ ƒ—•‡† „›‘–Š‡”ˆƒ –‘”••— Šƒ•ƒŠŽ—†‡ˆˆ‡ –ȋŠ‹˜‘–‘˜•›ǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǡ ’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ—ŽŽ ƒŽŽ‡Ž‡•ȋ”—ˆ‘”†ǡͳͻͻ͵Ȍǡ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•–Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘–‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†•ƒ’Ž‹‰ ‡””‘”• ȋ ƒ••ƒ–‘—‹ et al., ʹͲͳʹȌǤ Š‡ ’ƒ––‡” ‹• ‘’’‘•‹–‡ ˆ‘” N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡–Š‡›‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†Š‹‰Š‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‘„•‡”˜‡†Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–›ƒ† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ ™‹†‡Ǧ•’”‡ƒ† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‡ƒ•–‡”—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͳȌǡ‹ –Š‹••–—†›‘Ž›’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. longifolia•ƒ’Ž‡†ˆ”‘ƒ•ƒŽŽ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒ”‡ƒ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydii™‡”‡ ‹ Ž—†‡†Ǥ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›™‹–Š‹–Š‹••–—†‹‡†ƒ”‡ƒǡ–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ†‘ —””‡ ‡ ‘ˆ N. longifolia ™ƒ• ƒ• Ž‹‹–‡† ƒ• N. lloydiiǡ „—– –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡† N. longifolia ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‡šŠ‹„‹– ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– Š‡–‡”‘œ›‰‘•‹–› ‡š ‡•• ƒ† ‘ ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰Ǥ „”‡‡†‹‰ ‹ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ› „‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™†—‡–‘‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘„›†‹•–ƒ ‡ƒ† ƒ„‡ ‹†— ‡†˜‹ƒƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ„‹‘–‹ ƒ†ƒ„‹‘–‹ ˆƒ –‘”•ȋ”‘™Ƭ‹—”ƒǡͳͻ͹ͲǢ‡ŽŽ‡”Ƭ ƒŽŽ‡”ǡʹͲͲʹǢ‡‹— et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›„‡–™‡‡•›’ƒ–”‹ N. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘••—‰‰‡•–•–Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ „‹‘Ž‘‰› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ› „‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ† –Šƒ– ‡ Šƒ‹••Ž‹‡†–‘•— ‡••ˆ—Žˆ‘—†‡”‡˜‡–•ƒ›„‡‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡–‡”‹ƒ–• ‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†‹„”‡‡†‹‰Ǥ

ƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–• ƒ„‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†„‡–™‡‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†—•‡†–‘ †‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™‹–Š‹ƒ†„‡–™‡‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ –Š‹•™ƒ›ǡ –Š‡‹„”‡‡†‹‰Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†ǡƒ†ˆ‘—†‡”‡ˆˆ‡ –• †—”‹‰ ‘Ž‘‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ›„‡†‡–‡ –‡†Ǥ‹’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰‹•‘™–‘„‡ƒ —ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ„Ž‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‹•ƒŽŽǡ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹™Š‹ Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ Ž—•–‡”‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”ȋ™‡‹‰ƒ”– et al.ǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹‡ƒ ŠN. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘Ž›ƒˆ‡™‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••Š‘™‡†ƒŠƒŽˆǦ•‹„”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ȋαͲǤͳʹͷ–‘ͲǤʹͷͲȌǡƒ†–Š‡ ‡ƒ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ȋȌ ™ƒ• ͲǤͲͳǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– ‘•– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ —”‡Žƒ–‡†Ǥ ˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡•• ‹• Ž‘™ǡ ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ‹•Š‹’ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–• ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ™‡”‡ ‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹Ͷ

‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ„‡–™‡‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰•‘‡ †‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†ˆ‘—†‡”‡ˆˆ‡ –ǡƒ† ‘—Ž†‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡‘„•‡”˜‡†•–”— –—”‡ ƒ†Ž‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹N. lloydii.

‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†‹„”‡‡†‹‰‹•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒŽ‡ƒ†–‘‹„”‡‡†‹‰ †‡’”‡••‹‘ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ‡ŽŽ‡”ƬƒŽŽ‡”ǡʹͲͲʹȌ™Š‹ Šƒˆˆ‡ –•ƒ› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘’‘‡–• ‘ˆ ˆ‹–‡•• ‹ ’Žƒ–•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ’Žƒ– •‹œ‡ ƒ† ‰”‘™–Šǡ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ –‘ •–”‡••ǡ •‡‡† ›‹‡Ž†ǡ ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡ ‡– Ǥ ȋŠƒ”Ž‡•™‘”–Š Ƭ Šƒ”Ž‡•™‘”–ŠǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ ”ƒŠƒ et al.ǡʹͲͲʹǢ —•„ƒ†Ƭ Š‡•‡ǡͳͻͻ͸Ǣ‡ŽŽ‡”Ƭ ƒŽŽ‡”ǡʹͲͲʹǢƒ‹–‘ et al.ǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ‘†‡Ž•ƒ†‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ ‹• Ž‘™‡” ‹ Šƒ„‹–—ƒŽŽ› •‡Žˆ‹‰ ’Žƒ–•ǡ ƒ• †‡Ž‡–‡”‹‘—• ”‡ ‡••‹˜‡ ƒŽŽ‡Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ‡š’”‡••‡† ƒ† ’—”‰‡† –Š”‘—‰Š •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ǡ •‘‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‹„”‡† •’‡ ‹‡• •‡‡ –‘ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ȋ —•„ƒ†Ƭ Š‡•‡ǡͳͻͻ͸Ǣƒ‹–‘ et al.ǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ –Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡ‘•–•‡ŽˆǦˆ‡”–‹Ž‹•‹‰•’‡ ‹‡•‡š’”‡••‡††‡Ž‡–‡”‹‘—•–”ƒ‹–• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘Žƒ–‡‹–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡƒ––Š‡•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ ‰”‘™–Šƒ†Ȁ‘””‡’”‘†— –‹‘ȋ —•„ƒ†Ƭ Š‡•‡ǡͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ



3.5 CONCLUSIONS & CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS

Š‡ ’”‡•‡– •–—†› Šƒ• ”‡•‘Ž˜‡† –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ƒ† –Š‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† N. ipsviciensisǤ —” ”‡•—Ž–• •–”‘‰Ž› ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– N. ipsviciensis‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataǡƒ†–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘‹• ”‡“—‹”‡†ǤƒŒ‘” ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ˆ‹†‹‰‹•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆN. ipsviciensis •Š‘—Ž† „‡ Šƒ‰‡† ƒ† –Šƒ– ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ –‹‘• –‘ ‘•‡”˜‡ –Š‹• •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ ‘ Ž‘‰‡” ƒ ’”‹‘”‹–›Ǥ ’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘‰‘‹‰ „ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydii™ƒ•†‡–‡ –‡†ƒ––Š‡•‹‰Ž‡•‹–‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡› ‘Ǧ‘ —” ƒ†‹ˆ–Š‹•Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘–‹—‡•ǡ‹–ƒ›’Žƒ ‡–Š‡”ƒ”‡N. lloydiiƒ–ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘ „› ‰‡‡–‹  •™ƒ’‹‰Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ”‹• ƒ’’‡ƒ”• Ž‘™ ƒ• ‘ ‡˜‹†‡ ‡‘ˆŠ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘™‹–ŠN. lloydii‘”N. ovata‹‡ƒ”„›•ƒ’Ž‡•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†Ǥ

‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹ͷ

 ‘–”ƒ•–ǡ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Ž‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ‘‰N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ ”‡ƒ‹• ƒ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ‡”Ǥ ‹‰Š‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆˆ‘—†‡”‡ˆˆ‡ –••‡‡•–Š‡‘•– Ž‹‡Ž› ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ ƒ† —Ž‹‡ ‹ ‘–Š‡” ™‘‘†› ’‡”‡‹ƒŽ•ǡ N. lloydii •‡‡• —•— ‡••ˆ—Ž‹ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™–‘‘˜‡” ‘‡•— Š‡ˆˆ‡ –•Ǥ––Š‹• •–ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–‹•‘– Ž‡ƒ”‹ˆ•— Šˆƒ‹Ž—”‡‹•†—‡–‘–Š‡Žƒ ‘ˆ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘‘”•‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‰‹˜‡–Š‡Š‹‰Š‹„”‡‡†‹‰Ž‡˜‡Ž•ƒ‘‰’”‘š‹ƒ–‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. lloydiiǡ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ›Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ƒ†‹ˆ’”‡•‡–ƒ–™Š‹ Š ‘ˆ•–ƒ‰‡–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡ȋ•‡‡†’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡŒ—˜‡‹Ž‡•—”˜‹˜ƒŽǡ‰”‘™–Š‘” ˆŽ‘™‡” ’”‘†— –‹‘Ȍǡ ƒ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ’ŽƒǤ ›‘›‹•‹‰ N. lloydii ™‹–Š ‘‘ ƒ† ™‹†‡Ǧ•’”‡ƒ† N. microcarpa ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͵ǤͳȌ ™ƒ• •–”‘‰Ž› •—’’‘”–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋŠƒ’–‡” ʹȌǡ Š‘™‡˜‡” ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • ‘ˆ N. microcarpa ƒ ”‘•• ‹–• ™‹†‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ƒ† ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹•”‡ ‘‡†‡†Ǥ



‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ‘‰ǤŽŽ‘›†‹‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡Š›„”‹†Ǥ‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•   ͹͸

Chapter 4: Comparative Life History Analysis of Rare & Common Notelaea spp. in South-East Queensland



4.1 INTRODUCTION

–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ ‘–”‹„—–‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›–‘ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‘•• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ ƒˆˆ‡ – Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡ ‘•›•–‡’”‘ ‡••‡•ȋ‘—‹ŽŽ‘– et al.ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ‡–ǡ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ›„‡‘”‡’”‘‡ –‘‡š–‹ –‹‘–Šƒ•›’ƒ–”‹  ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”•ǤŠ‡„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ”‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”™Š› •‘‡ ’Žƒ– •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ ”ƒ”‡ ™Š‹Ž•– ‘–Š‡”• ƒ”‡ ‘‘ ‹• ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ”‘™ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ„—–Šƒ•„‡‡ Ž‹––Ž‡•–—†‹‡†ȋ„—–•‡‡‡‹ŽŽƒ†et al., ͳͻͻͺƬŠ‹ŽŽ‹’•et al.,ʹͲͳͲˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡ •–—†‹‡•‘ ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ”ƒ”‹–›‹‘” Š‹†•ȌǤ ’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹•‘•–Ž› ’Žƒ ‡†‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•‹‰–Š‡‹–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ –Š”‡ƒ– ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ǡ ƒ† ’”‘–‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ Šƒ„‹–ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‡– ‹ˆ ”ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ–•ƒ”‡–‘’‡”•‹•–‹–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”ǡ–Š‡›—•–ƒŽ•‘„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘”‡’”‘†— ‡ǤŠ‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ „‹‘Ž‘‰› ȋ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ •‡‡† ’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ† •—”˜‹˜ƒŽȌƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–ȋ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–Ȍ’Šƒ•‡•‘ˆƒ’Žƒ–ǯ• Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ”‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽȋ”‘™ et al.ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ

 ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› ƒ† ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ –”ƒ‹–• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‡ ƒ† ‘‘ •’‡ ‹‡• Šƒ• –Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› •— Š ‹’‘”–ƒ– „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–› ƒ† ƒ‹† ‹ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ȋ—‹ Ƭ ƒ•–‘ǡ ͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ  •—”˜‡› „› ‡˜‹ŽŽ ƒ† ‘—†ƒ ȋͳͻͻͻȌ ‘ ͵ͺ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†’ƒ’‡”•–Šƒ–‡šƒ‹‡†’Žƒ––”ƒ‹–•‹”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† –Šƒ– •— Š ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘• ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ™ƒ› –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ—””ƒ› et al.ȋʹͲͲʹȌ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ƒ‘–Š‡”‡š–‡•‹˜‡ ”‡˜‹‡™‘ͷͶ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ͻͶ’Žƒ––”ƒ‹–•–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡’Žƒ–

  ͹͹

‰”‘™–Šǡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ƒ† „‹‘–‹  ƒ† ƒ„‹‘–‹  ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•–—†›˜ƒ”‹‡†‹–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ”‹–›‡–”‹ ‡šƒ‹‡†ǡ•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ • ƒŽ‡ǡ•ƒ’Ž‡•‹œ‡ǡ•’‡ ‹‡•–ƒš‘‘›ƒ†–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••ƒ‘‰•– –Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡƒ‹‰‹–†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––‘†”ƒ™ ‘•‹•–‡– ‘ Ž—•‹‘•Ǥ‘‡–”ƒ‹–••— Š ƒ••‡‡†•‹œ‡ǡ ‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”ƒ††‹•’‡”•ƒŽ‘†‡™‡”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘ ”ƒ”‹–› ‹ †‹•–‹ – ™ƒ›• „—– ˜ƒ”‹‡† ˆ”‘ ‘‡ •–—†›–‘ –Š‡ ‡š–Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡› •—‰‰‡•–‡†–Šƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘””ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡•ƒ†‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘–‹‡–•ƒ›„‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›ƒ†–Šƒ–ƒ›‘”‡•–—†‹‡• ‘”ƒ”‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ

Š‹Ž‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ”‹–› ƒ„‡„ƒ•‡†‘ƒ„—†ƒ ‡ǡ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–›ǡ†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘” ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ȋƒ„‹‘™‹–œ et al.ǡ ͳͻͺ͸Ȍǡ •‘‡ •’‡ ‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡† ƒ• ”ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘ ƒ† –Š”‡ƒ–•Ǥ ™‡Ž˜‡ •–—†‹‡• ‡–‹‘‡†‹–Š‡”‡˜‹‡™„›—””ƒ› et al.ȋʹͲͲʹȌŠƒ˜‡ƒ†‘’–‡†–Š‹• ‘ ‡’–ƒ• –Š‡‹”‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ”ƒ”‹–›ǤŠ‡•ƒ‡ ‘ ‡’– ƒ„‡ƒ†‘’–‡†–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‘”‡ ƒ„‘—–NotelaealloydiiǤŠ‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆN. lloydii ‹•—‘™ƒ†–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†˜‹ ‡ •–ƒ–‡‡– ˆ‘” N. lloydii Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–• –Š‡ ‡ ‡••‹–› ‘ˆ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š”‡•—Ž–•†‹• —••‡†‹ Šƒ’–‡”ʹ‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. lloydii‹•‰‡‡–‹ ƒŽŽ›˜‡”›•‹‹Žƒ”–‘N. microcarpaǡ•‘‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ•„‡‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ǡƒ†‹–‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ –Šƒ– ˆ—”–Š‡” ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ —†‡”–ƒ‡ –‘ ‹ˆ‘” ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’Žƒ•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†‹Šƒ’–‡”͵ǡ‹–‹•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ––Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ‡šŠ‹„‹– •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ •›’ƒ–”‹  ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†ƒ† ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”ǡN. longifoliaǤ

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡•–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ†‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ‹–•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ Notelaea •’’Ǥ™ƒ• ‘†— –‡†–‘‰‹˜‡•‘‡‹•‹‰Š–‹–‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆ N. lloydii ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘‘Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. ovataƒ†N. longifoliaȌ™‹–ŠN. lloydii‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ‡‹–ƒ‹†‡ƒŽ•–—†›‰”‘—’ˆ‘”ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ––Š‡ –‹‡‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›ǡN. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii™‡”‡†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•–™‘ †‹•–‹ – •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† N. microcarpa ™ƒ• ‘– Ž‘ ƒŽŽ› ‘ —””‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡” ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͹ͺ

”‹•„ƒ‡ ‡‰‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‘– ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ Š‹•–‘”› –”ƒ‹–• ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•‘ˆN. microcarpa™‡”‡ƒ†‡Žƒ–‡”‹–Š‡ •–—†› „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‡‡† –‘ ‡šƒ‹‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‰”‘™–Š ˆ‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa ‘—Ž† „‡ Ž‹‡† –‘ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ



4.2 MATERIALS & METHODS

4.2.1 Study site

™‘•–—†›•‹–‡•™‹–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‡ƒ Š‘ˆN. lloydii, N. ovata ƒ†N. longifolia™‡”‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡””‹•„ƒ‡‡‰‹‘ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳǡ ‹‰—”‡ ͶǤͳȌ–‘ ‘’ƒ”‡–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ƒ‘‰•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒ ˆ‡™‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆN. microcarpa ‹–Š‡‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›™‡”‡‹ Ž—†‡†ƒ•–Š‹•™ƒ• –Š‡‡ƒ”‡•–Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘„ƒ•‡†‘Š‡”„ƒ”‹—”‡ ‘”†•ǤŠ‡•‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‡”‡ ‘•–Ž›Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒŽ‘‰”‘ƒ†•‹†‡•ƒ† ƒ‘–„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ –’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ Š‘™‡˜‡” –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •Ǥ



4.2.2 Vegetation & environmental characteristics

‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡ ƒ† ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –”‡‡ ƒ‘’› ‘˜‡” ‘ˆ‡ƒ Š •‹–‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ••‡••‡† „› ˜‹•—ƒŽ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡’”‘–‘ ‘Ž•‰‹˜‡„›ƒŽ‡”Ƭ ‘’‹•ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤ‘‹Ž ’ ™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†„›–ƒ‹‰•‘‹Ž ‘”‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‹‰ƒŠƒ†•‘‹Žƒ—‰‡”ƒ†Œƒ ‡––‘ –Š”‡‡”ƒ†‘Ž›•‡Ž‡ –‡†ƒ–—”‡’Žƒ–•‹‡ƒ Š•‹–‡ǤŽ‘’‡™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†ƒ––Š‡•‡ ’‘‹–• —•‹‰ ƒ ——–‘ Šƒ†ǦŠ‡Ž† Ž‹‘‡–‡” ƒ† ƒ•’‡ – ™ƒ• ”‡ ‘”†‡† —•‹‰ ƒ ‘’ƒ••Ǥ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•‘ˆ•‘‹Ž’ ǡ•Ž‘’‡ƒ†ƒ•’‡ –™‡”‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ ”‘•••‹–‡• ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘”N. microcarpa–Š‡•‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•™‡”‡–ƒ‡ Ž‘•‡–‘–Š”‡‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ–”‡‡•‹–Š‡‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›”‡‰‹‘Ǥ ˜‡”ƒ‰‡’Žƒ–Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ† ”‘™ ™‹†–Š™‡”‡‡ƒ•—”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‡‹‰Š–ƒ–—”‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š •‹–‡Ǥ ‹ ‡ „‘–Š N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata ƒ”‡ •Š‘”– —Ž–‹Ǧ•–‡‡† •Š”—„• ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤʹȌǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ– Ž‡ Š‡†ˆ‹•–Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͳͲ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͹ͻ

ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‰”‘—†ȋ ȌǤ ‘”†‡”–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ‡˜‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•‹‰Ž‡ •–‡‡†ƒ†–ƒŽŽN. longifolia ƒ†N. microcarpa–”‡‡•ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤʹȌǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”™ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡†ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡Š‡‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡—Ž–‹Ǧ•–‡‡†ǡ–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ•–‡•ƒ„‘˜‡ ͳͲ ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”‘—†™‡”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ƒ†–Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•™‡”‡–ƒ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ Š „”ƒ Š•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǥ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ•–Š‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ƒ•–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡”‘‘–‘ˆ–Š‡•— ‘ˆƒŽŽ•“—ƒ”‡†•–‡ ǤŠ‡•ƒ’Ž‹‰†‡•‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡•—”˜‡›‘ˆ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‹•‰‹˜‡‹–Š‡ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤʹ

 ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›•‹–‡•ˆ‘”‡ƒ ŠNotelaea •’’Ǥ

Species Site No Site Name Location N. lloydii ‹–‡ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ Ǧʹ͹ǤͷͳͻͷʹǡͳͷʹǤͺ͸ͷ͸ͳ ƒ” ‹–‡ʹ Ž‘›†‹”† Ǧʹ͹Ǥͷ͵ͳʹͺǡͳͷʹǤͺͲ͵͵ͳ ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ” N. ovata ‹–‡ͳ ‘‘Š‡› ‘”‡•–ƒ” Ǧʹ͹ǤͷͶʹͺǡͳͷ͵ǤͲͷͷͲ͵ ‹–‡ʹ ’”‹‰‘—–ƒ‹ Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͹Ͳ͵ͺ͸ǡͳͷʹǤͻͳ͵Ͳͷ ‘”‡•–ƒ” N. longifolia ‹–‡ͳ Ž‘›†‹”† Ǧʹ͹Ǥͷ͵ͳʹͺǡͳͷʹǤͺͲ͵͵ͳ ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ” ‹–‡ʹ ƒˆ‘”†ƒ””ƒ • Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͵ͺ͹ͺͺǡͳͷʹǤͺ͹ͺ͵ͻ ‘—•‡ N. microcarpa ‘ ƒ–‹‘ͳ ‘‘Žƒƒ Ǧʹ͹Ǥͷͳͺ͹ʹǡͳͷʹǤͷ͹͵͹Ͷ ‘ ƒ–‹‘ʹ ‘ •‹†‡ Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͹ͳ͹ͶͻǡͳͷʹǤ͵Ͳͷͺͷ ‘ ƒ–‹‘͵ Ž‡Š‡‹ Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͸͸Ͳͳ͸ǡͳͷʹǤ͵Ͷ͹ʹ͵  

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͲ

 ‹‰—”‡ͶǤͳǣƒ’‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š•–—†›•‹–‡‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ ‘Ž‘—”Ǧ ‘†‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ •’‡ ‹‡•

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͳ

ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤʹǣ ƒ’Ž‹‰ †‡•‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •—”˜‡› ‘ˆ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š•‹–‡Ǥ

Total number Number of of Parameters Species Site No measurements measurements for each spp. ‘‹Ž’  N. lloydii ‹–‡ͳ ͵  Ž‘’‡  ‹–‡ʹ ͵ ͸ •’‡ – N. ovata ‹–‡ͳ ͵   ‹–‡ʹ ͵ ͸ N. longifolia ‹–‡ͳ ͵   ‹–‡ʹ ͵ ͸ N. microcarpa ͵Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ͵ ͵ ”‡‡Š‡‹‰Š– N. lloydii ‹–‡ͳ ʹͳ  ”‘™™‹†–Š  ‹–‡ʹ ʹͲ Ͷͳ   N. ovata ‹–‡ͳ ͸  ‘‘ˆ„”ƒ Š‡•  ‹–‡ʹ ͷ ͳͳ N. longifolia ‹–‡ͳ ͳ͵  ‹–‡ʹ ͹ ʹͲ N. microcarpa Ȁ ͺ ͺ 

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺʹ

 ‹‰—”‡ͶǤʹǣ ”‘™–ŠŠƒ„‹–‘ˆȋƒȌN. lloydii,ȋ„ȌN. ovata, ȋ ȌN. longifolia ƒ†ȋ†ȌN. microcarpa



Š‡†‹•’‡”•‹‘’ƒ––‡”‘ˆN. lloydiiȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ Ž—’‡†ǡ”ƒ†‘‘”—‹ˆ‘”†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ȍ ™ƒ• ƒ••‡••‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”‡•–Ǧ‡‹‰Š„‘—” ‡–Š‘† ȋ”‡„•ǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤ ‹ ‡ ‘ „‘—†ƒ”›•–”‹’ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ†–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•‹œ‡™ƒ••ƒŽŽ ȋδͳͲͲȌǡ–Š‡‘‡ŽŽ›ȋͳͻ͹ͺȌ‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ”ƒ†˜ƒ•ȋͳͻͷͶȌ–‡•– ™ƒ• —•‡† –‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‘”ƒŽ †‡˜‹ƒ–‡ ȋzȌ ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ Š‡  –Š‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆ†‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘”ƒ†‘‡••ȋ”‡„•ǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺ͵



‹‰—”‡ ͶǤ͵ǣ Notelaea lloydii ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ •–—†›ǣ ȋƒȌ ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ –”‡‡ ƒ”‡† ™‹–Šˆ‹˜‡„ƒ‰‰‡†ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ǡȋ„Ȍ‹ˆŽ‘”‡• ‡ ‡•ƒ†ȋ Ȍ”‹’‡‡† ˆ”—‹–•



4.2.3 Comparative reproductive analysis of rare & common Notelaea species

Ž‘™‡”‹‰•‡ƒ•‘•‘ˆN. lloydii, N. ovata ƒ† N. longifolia •–ƒ”–‡†‹ƒ„‘—– –‘„‡”ǡ ‘˜‡„‡”ǡƒ†’”‹Žǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ†ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡ ƒ†‡ˆ‘”–™‘ ‘•‡ —–‹˜‡•‡ƒ•‘••–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳ͹–‘’”‹ŽʹͲͳͻǤŠ‡ ‘—–•‘ˆ–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•ƒ†Ȁ‘”ˆ”—‹–•‘ˆ‹˜‡ƒ–—”‡–”‡‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š•‹–‡ ™‡”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†‘ ‡‡˜‡”›ˆ‘”–‹‰Š–Ǥ‹ ‡Notelaea’”‘†— ‡—‡”‘—•ƒš‹ŽŽƒ”› ‹ˆŽ‘”‡• ‡ ‡• ™‹–Š ƒ› ˆŽ‘”‡–•ǡ ‘—–• ™‡”‡ ƒ†‡ ˆ‘” –‡ •ƒŽŽ –‡”‹ƒŽ „”ƒ Š‡•‘‡ƒ Š–”‡‡Ǥ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ‡ƒ ŠˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰•‡ƒ•‘ǡˆ‹˜‡„”ƒ Š‡• ™‡”‡Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ†„ƒ‰‰‡†™‹–Š•‡‡Ǧ–Š”‘—‰Š‘”‰ƒœƒ„ƒ‰•ȋʹʹͷͳ͸ͷȌ „‡ˆ‘”‡ˆŽ‘”ƒŽ„—†•‘’‡‡†ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ˆ‹˜‡‘–Š‡”„”ƒ Š‡•™‡”‡Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ†Ž‡ˆ–—Ǧ „ƒ‰‰‡†ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͵ȌǤ ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‡ƒ—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”•’‡”„”ƒ ŠǡˆŽ‘™‡”

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͶ

–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•ƒ†ˆ”—‹–•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ”ƒ–‡•‘˜‡”–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‹‰’‡”‹‘†™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–Ž‘••™ƒ•ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡†—‡–‘ˆ”—‹– ”‡‘˜ƒŽ„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹ˆƒŽŽ‡ˆ”—‹–•„‡–™‡‡„ƒ‰‰‡† ƒ†—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†•Š‘—Ž†”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—„‡”‘ˆˆ”—‹–•”‡‘˜‡†„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•ǡƒ† –Š—•ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•™ƒ•‡•–‹ƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǣ

 % fruit removal by frugivores = % fruit loss in un-bagged branches – % fruit loss in bagged branches



4.2.4 Statistical analyses

‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ‡ƒ•–‡•–•™‡”‡—†‡”–ƒ‡‘˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‡ƒ•—”‡•ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ••—’–‹‘•‘ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹–›™‡”‡˜‹‘Žƒ–‡†ǡ”—•ƒŽǦƒŽŽ‹•‘Ǧ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–”‹  –‡•–• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› —̵• —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ post-hoc –‡•–• ™‡”‡ ‘†— –‡†—•‹‰ –ƒ–‹•–‹ •ˆ‘”‹†‘™•ǡ˜‡”•‹‘ʹ͸Ǥ



4.3 RESULTS

4.3.1 Vegetation and environmental characteristics

†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ‡ƒ Š•–—†›•‹–‡ˆ‘”N. lloydii, N. ovata ƒ† N. longifolia ‹• ‰‹˜‡ ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤ͵Ǥ ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ˆ‘” N. microcarpa ™‡”‡ ‘– ƒ••‡••‡† ƒ• ‘Ž› ‹•‘Žƒ–‡† ’Žƒ–• ƒŽ‘‰ ”‘ƒ†•‹†‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ›‡” ƒŽŽ‡› ™‡”‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‡†Ǥ Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘ Ž‡ƒ” ’ƒ––‡”• ‹ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ƒ ”‘•••‹–‡•™‹–Š‹•’‡ ‹‡•‘”„‡–™‡‡Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‘‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹–Š‡ƒ„‹‘–‹ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‹–‡• ‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—”•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡‡˜‹†‡–ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͶȌǤNotelaea ovata™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘•‹–‡• ™‹–ŠˆŽƒ––‘‰‡–Ž›—†—Žƒ–‹‰–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǡ N. longifolia™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘•Ž‹‰Š–Ž› •Ž‘’‹‰•‹–‡•ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•„‘–ŠN. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa™‡”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•ˆ‘—†‘ •‹–‡•™‹–Š•–‡‡’•Ž‘’‡•ǤN. lloydiiƒ†N. longifolia™‡”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘—†‘•‘—–ŠǦ ‡ƒ•–ˆƒ ‹‰•Ž‘’‡•ǡN. ovata‘•‘—–Šˆƒ ‹‰•Ž‘’‡•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpa™ƒ•ˆ‘—† ‘•‘—–ŠǦ™‡•–ˆƒ ‹‰•Ž‘’‡•Ǥ˜‡”ƒ‰‡•‘‹Ž’ ™ƒ•Ž‘™ƒ†ƒ ‹†‹ ˆ‘”N. lloydii, N.

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͷ longifolia ƒ† N. ovataǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpa ™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘•‘‹Ž•™‹–Šƒ’  Ž‘•‡ –‘‡—–”ƒŽǤ

‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹•Ž‘’‡ȋŠ‹“αͳͳǤ͹͵ͷǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’αͲǤͲͲͺͶȌƒ†’ ȋŠ‹ “αʹ͵Ǥͺ͵͵ǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’αͲǤͲͲͲͲȌ™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ˆ‘—”•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ•’‡ – †‹† ‘– ˜ƒ”› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ȋŠ‹ “ α ͷǤ͸͸͵ǡ †ˆ α ͵ǡ ’ α ͲǤͳʹͻʹȌǤ —̵• —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ –‡•–• ȋ’’‡†‹š ͳͷȌ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ •‘‹Ž ƒ”‘—† N. microcarpa™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•‹–‡”•‘ˆ’ ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡•‹–‡•‘ˆN. ovata™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘–Š‡•‹–‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡‘–Š‡” •’‡ ‹‡•‹•Ž‘’‡ƒ†–Š‡•‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡•ͶǤͶƒ†ͶǤͷǤ

ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ’Žƒ–‰”‘™–Šˆ‘” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† Ž‡ƒ”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ˆ‘—”•’‡ ‹‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͷǡ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͸ȌǤ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ„‘–ŠN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•Š‘”–•Š”—„‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”ǡ™‹–Š•‹‹Žƒ” ”‘™™‹†–Šƒ† ǡ„—–N. lloydii™ƒ•–ƒŽŽ‡”™‹–Šˆ‡™‡”„”ƒ Š‡•–ŠƒN. ovataǤ‘–ŠN. longifoliaƒ†N. microcarpa‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒ–”‡‡‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”ǡ„—–N. longifolia™‡”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›•Š‘”–‡”ǡ ™‹–Š•ƒŽŽ‡” ”‘™•ƒ† ǡƒ†ˆ‡™‡”„”ƒ Š‡•–ŠƒN. microcarpaǤ‡•’‹–‡ „‡‹‰–ƒŽŽ™‹–Š–Š‹ „ƒ”ǡƒ›N. microcarpa‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Šƒ†‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡ Žƒ”‰‡•–‡Ǥ‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹Š‡‹‰Š–ȋŠ‹“αͷͲǤ͵ʹ͸ǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’α͸Ǥͺͳ‡ǦͳͳȌǡ ”‘™™‹†–ŠȋŠ‹“αͳ͹Ǥ͵ͷͲǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’αͷǤͻͻ‡ǦͲͶȌǡ ȋŠ‹“α͵ͶǤͷͲ͹ǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’ αͳǤͷͷ‡ǦͲ͹Ȍƒ†–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ„”ƒ Š‡•ȋŠ‹“αʹͲǤͷͻ͸ǡ†ˆα͵ǡ’αͳǤʹͺ‡ǦͲͶȌ™‡”‡ ˆ‘—†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ˆ‘—”•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ†—̵•—Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ –‡•–•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰”‘™–Š ˆ‘” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹  ‘ˆ N. microcarpa ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› ™‡”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ˜‹•—ƒŽ‹•‡†‹ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͸ǡ’’‡†‹šͳ͸ȌǤ



‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺ͸

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͵ǣ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ‡ƒ Š•–—†›•‹–‡ǡ„›˜‹•—ƒŽ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡’”‘–‘ ‘Ž•‰‹˜‡„›ƒŽ‡”Ƭ ‘’‹•ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤ

Species Site Vegetation Type Shrub Layer Understory Canopy cover % N. lloydii ‹–‡ͳ — ƒŽ›’–’‡‘‘†Žƒ† ’ƒ”•‡ ‹††‡•‡ Ͷͷ ‹–‡ʹ — ƒŽ›’–‘‘†Žƒ† ‡•‡ ‹††‡•‡ ͸Ͳ N. ovata ‹–‡ͳ — ƒŽ›’–’‡ ‘”‡•– ’ƒ”•‡ ‹††‡•‡ ͶͲ ‹–‡ʹ — ƒŽ›’–’‡‘‘†Žƒ† ’ƒ”•‡ ‡”›•’ƒ”•‡ ͶͲ N. longifolia ‹–‡ͳ — ƒŽ›’–‘‘†Žƒ† ‡•‡ ‹†Ǧ†‡•‡ ͸Ͳ ‹–‡ʹ ƒŽŽ— ƒŽ›’–‘‘†Žƒ† ‹†Ǧ†‡•‡ ‡•‡ ͸ͷ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺ͹

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͶǣ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ ”‘•••‘‹Ž Žƒ›‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š •–—†› •‹–‡ ȋ α –ƒ†ƒ”† ‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘Ȍ

Species n Average Aspect Average Slope Average pH (SD) (0) (SD) (SD) N. lloydii ͸ ͳͶ͵Ǥ͵ȋͶͷǤͻȌ ͵ͳǤ͵͵ȋͺǤͺ͸Ȍ ͶǤͺ͵ȋͲǤͷͻȌ N. ovata ͸ ͳͺͺǤͷȋͳͳͺǤ͹Ȍ ͵ǤͷͲȋ͹ǤͳʹȌ ͶǤͷʹȋͲǤ͵͸Ȍ N. longifolia ͸ ͳ͵ʹǤͷȋͷͻǤͲȌ ͳͻǤͺ͵ȋͳͲǤͻͺȌ ͶǤͷʹȋͲǤͶͲȌ N. microcarpa ͵ ʹ͵ͺǤ͵ȋͳͺǤͻȌ ͵ͶǤ͸͸ȋ͵ͲǤͷͲȌ ͸Ǥ͵͵ȋͲǤͻ͸Ȍ 





‹‰—”‡ͶǤͶǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘‹Ž’ ‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹ Žƒ›‡”ǣǡŠ‘”‹œ‘ǣƒ†ͳ Š‘”‹œ‘ǣͳƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†ƒ ”‘•••–—†›•‹–‡•ˆ‘”‡ƒ ŠNotelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳ Ȍ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͺ

‹‰—”‡ ͶǤͷǣ ””‘” „ƒ” ’Ž‘– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Ž‘’‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡† ƒ ”‘•• •–—†› •‹–‡• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌ



ƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤͷǣ ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ’Žƒ– ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š •’‡ ‹‡• ȋ α –ƒ†ƒ”† ‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘Ǣα‡–‡”•Ȍ

Species Total No of Height Crown DFH [m] No of Individuals [m] [m] (SD) Branches (SD) (SD) (SD) N. lloydii Ͷͳ ͳǤ͸ͷ ͳǤ͸Ͳ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ Ͷȋ͵Ȍ ȋͲǤͺʹȌ ȋͲǤ͹ʹȌ ȋͲǤͲͳ͸Ȍ N. ovata ͳͳ ͲǤ͹ͺ ͳǤ͸ʹ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͳʹȋͳͶȌ ȋͲǤʹͺȌ ȋͲǤͶ͸Ȍ ȋͲǤͲͲͻȌ N. longifolia ʹͲ ͶǤ͹͸ ʹǤ͵ͺ ͲǤͲ͹ʹ ʹȋʹȌ ȋʹǤʹʹȌ ȋͲǤͻͲȌ ȋͲǤͲ͵ͶȌ N. microcarpa ͺ ͷǤͺͳ ͵ǤͲ͸ ͲǤͳͷͻ ͸ȋ͹Ȍ ȋʹǤͻ͵Ȍ ȋͳǤͶͷȌ ȋͲǤͲͺͲȌ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͺͻ

‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͸ǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡–”‡‡Š‡‹‰Š–ȋȌǡ ”‘™™‹†–ŠȋȌƒ†  ȋ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ–ͳͲ ȋȌȌ‘ˆN. lloydiiǣǡ N. ovataǣǡN. longifoliaǣ ƒ†N. microcarpaǣȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌ

 Š‡ ‡ƒ”‡•–Ǧ‡‹‰Š„‘—” ƒƒŽ›•‹• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –Šƒ– N. lloydii Šƒ• ƒ Ž—’‡† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ „‘–ŠN. lloydii•‹–‡•ǡ–Š‡‹†‡š‘ˆƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‹‘ȋȌ‹•Ž‡••–Šƒͳ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰œ‡”‘ȋαͲǤͶ͵͹ƒ†ͲǤͷͻʹˆ‘”•‹–‡ͳƒ†ʹǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍƒ†–Š‡ ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”zǡ‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–ŠƒͳǤͻ͸ȋȁzȁαͶǤ͸͹͵ƒ†ͷǤͳͲͲȌǡ”‡Œ‡ –‹‰–Š‡—ŽŽ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‘ˆ”ƒ†‘•’ƒ–‹ƒŽ’ƒ––‡”•ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡N. lloydii‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‘ˆ ƒ Ž—’‹‰†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͸ȌǤ 

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͲ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͸ǣŠ‡‹†‡š‘ˆƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‹‘ȋȌ‹‡ƒ ŠN. lloydii•‹–‡ǡ‡•–‹ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ƒ”‡•–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‡–Š‘†ȋα—„‡”‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡα‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒǡ ᇐ‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘—†ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒǡȁzȁα„•‘Ž—–‡˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”† ‘”ƒŽ†‡˜‹ƒ–‡ ‘””‡ –‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒ•™‹–Š‘„‘—†ƒ”›•–”‹’ƒ†•ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡•Ǥ

Site n A [m2] L R |z| Moggill Conservation ʹͲ ͶͲͳͲǤ͵Ͳ ʹͷͺǤʹͷ ͲǤͶ͵͹ ͶǤ͸͹͵ Park Lloyd Bird Ͷʹ Ͷͷ͹ͻǤͻͳ ʹͺ͸ǤͳͲ ͲǤͷͻʹ ͷǤͳͲͲ Environmental Park   4.3.2 Comparative reproductive analysis of rare & common Notelaea species

Ž‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰†ƒ–ƒ™‡”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ‘”N. lloydiiˆ‘”–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•ǣ –‘„‡” ʹͲͳ͹–‘ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͺƒ† –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͺ–‘ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͻǤNotelaea ovata’”‘†— ‡† •‘‡ˆŽ‘™‡”•†—”‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•‡ƒ•‘ȋ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳ͹–‘ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͺȌǡ™Š‹Ž‡ˆ‡™ ˆŽ‘™‡”•™‡”‡‘„•‡”˜‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•‡ƒ•‘ƒ†–Š‘•‡ˆŽ‘™‡”„—†•–Šƒ–™‡”‡ ’”‘†— ‡†ƒ„‘”–‡†Ǥ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡN. longifolia†‹†‘–’”‘†— ‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–ˆŽ‘™‡”•ˆ‘” „”ƒ Š„ƒ‰‰‹‰‹‡‹–Š‡”•‡ƒ•‘ȋʹͲͳ͹–‘ʹͲͳͻȌǤŽ›–Š‡ˆ”—‹– ‘—–•ˆ‘”‘‡–”‡‡ ‘ˆ N. longifolia ™‡”‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •‡ƒ•‘Ǥ  ‹ ‡ ‘ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ‘”N. longifolia‹„‘–Š•‡ƒ•‘•ǡƒ†‘†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”N. ovataˆ”‘–Š‡•‡ ‘† •‡ƒ•‘ǡ‘Ž›–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•‡ƒ•‘†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata™‡”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‹ –Š‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ‡ƒ•‘ƒŽ–”‡†•‹ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰ˆ‘”N. lloydii ™‡”‡‡šƒ‹‡†—•‹‰–Š‡–™‘›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡–™‘•‹–‡•Ǥ



‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͳ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͹ǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•’‡”„”ƒ Š„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydiiǡƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•

Groups Average SD p - value

Between N. lloydii ͷ͸Ǥ͹Ͳ ͶͷǤͳ͵ 1.57e-7 species in season 1 N. ovata ͳͻǤ͸ʹ ͳͲǤͺʹ  Between ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͷ͸Ǥ͹Ͳ ͶͷǤͳ͵ 4.28e-3 seasons N. lloydii ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͵͸ǤͶ͸ ͳͺǤͻͳ 



Š‡†ƒ–ƒ•Š‘™–Šƒ–N. lloydii ’”‘†— ‡†ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›‰”‡ƒ–‡”—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–• ’‡”„”ƒ Š–ŠƒN. ovata ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͹Ȍǡ›‡––Š‡ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•ˆ‘” „‘–Š•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͺȌǤ Š‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ƒ›N. lloydiiˆŽ‘™‡”•™‡”‡‘–’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‡†ƒ†Ȁ‘”†‹†‘– •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›’”‘†— ‡ˆ”—‹–•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ”—‹–•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ”ƒ–‡‘ˆN. lloydii™ƒ•Š‹‰Š‡” –ŠƒN. ovataȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͹ȌǤ˜‡ˆŽ‘”‡–•‘„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•™‡”‡ ‘˜‡”–‡†–‘ ˆ”—‹–•ȋƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤͺȌƒ†–Š‡ ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡ ™ƒ•‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘ —„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ȋ’’‡†‹šͳ͹ȌǤ‹ ‡–Š‡•‡„”ƒ Š‡•™‡”‡„ƒ‰‰‡†’”‹‘”–‘ ˆŽ‘™‡”‘’‡‹‰ǡ–Š‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Š‡‹”ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ˆ‘”•‡ŽˆǦ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

 

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻʹ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͺǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydii, ƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•

Branch Group Average SD P - value Type Between ƒ‰‰‡† N. lloydii ͲǤ͹͹ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤͳͲͶ͸ species in  N. ovata ͲǤ͸͸ ͲǤ͵ͺ  season 1 Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† N. lloydii ͲǤ͹ͺ ͳǤ͵ͺ ͲǤͲͺͶͶ  N. ovata ͲǤͶ͵ ͲǤ͵ͺ  Between ƒ‰‰‡† ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͲǤ͹͹ ͲǤʹͻ 0.0001 seasons N.  ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͲǤͷͳ ͲǤ͵Ͷ  lloydii Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͲǤ͹ͺ ͳǤ͵ͺ ͲǤͲͻ͸Ͳ  ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͲǤͶͶ ͲǤ͵ͷ  

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻ͵

 ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͹ǣ””‘”„ƒ”’Ž‘–•ȋ‡””‘”„ƒ”•άͳȌ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ˆ”—‹–•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ”ƒ–‡• ‘ˆN. ovataƒ†N. lloydii ‘˜‡”–‹‡ȋ—’’‡”Ȍƒ†„‡–™‡‡•‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”N. lloydii ȋŽ‘™‡”ȌǤ



‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•–‹‰‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•–Šƒ–‘–ƒŽŽ‹ƒ–—”‡ˆ”—‹–•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–‘ ƒ –—ƒŽˆ”—‹–•„‡ƒ”‹‰•‡‡†•Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒŽŽˆ”—‹–•ƒ––Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ•–ƒ‰‡•”‡ƒ‹‡† •ƒŽŽ‘”‡š ‹•‡†ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤͺȌǤ—”‹‰•‡ƒ•‘ͳǡŽ‡••–ŠƒͳΨ‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽˆ”—‹–• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–‘ƒ–—”‡ˆ”—‹–•‘—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͻȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š •Ž‹‰Š– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘• ™‡”‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† „‡–™‡‡ „ƒ‰‰‡† ƒ† —„ƒ‰‰‡† „”ƒ Š‡•ǡ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ™ƒ• ‘– •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ȋ’’‡†‹š ͳ͹ȌǤ Š—•ǡ –‘ Š‡  –Š‡ ‡šƒ – ˆ”—‹– ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͶ

”‡‘˜ƒŽ”ƒ–‡•ǡ‘Ž›–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•™‡”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•–Š‡›™‡”‡–Š‡‘‡• ’”‘†— ‹‰ ƒ ˆŽ‡•Š› ‡•‘ ƒ”’ –‘ ƒ––”ƒ – •‡‡††‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ‰‡–• ƒ† ™‡”‡ ˜‹ƒ„Ž‡ ȋƒ„Ž‡–‘‰‡”‹ƒ–‡ȌǤ ‘”–Š‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ†ƒ–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ‘”‘‡N. longifolia ’Žƒ–ƒ– Ž‘›†‹”†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ”™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‹ Ž—†‡†Ǥ••Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳͲǡ–Š‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ˆ”—‹– Ž‘•• ™ƒ• ‡“—ƒŽ ‘” Š‹‰Š‡” ˆ‘” —Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† ‘’ƒ”‡† ™‹–Š „ƒ‰‰‡† „”ƒ Š‡• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† –Š‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ™ƒ• ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡†—‡–‘ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡™ƒ•Š‹‰Š‡•–ˆ‘”N. lloydii ƒ†Ž‘™‡•–ˆ‘”N. longifoliaȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳͲȌǤ





‹‰—”‡ͶǤͺǣ ”—‹–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•–ƒ‰‡•‹N. lloydiiȋƒȌˆ”—‹–•‡–Ȁ‡Žƒ”‰‡†‘˜ƒ”‹‡•ǡ ȋ„Ȍˆ‡™ƒ–—”‡ˆ”—‹–•™Š‹Ž‡‘–Š‡”•”‡ƒ‹•ƒŽŽǡȋ Ȍ•‘‡•ƒŽŽˆ”—‹–•–—”’—”’Ž‡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ–—”‹–›ƒ†ȋ†Ȍƒ–—”‡”‹’‡‡†ˆ”—‹–•



‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͷ

Š‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹–Š‡‡ƒ—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”•„‡–™‡‡•‡ƒ•‘• ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͸ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•‘—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ǤŠ‡‡ƒ•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ ”ƒ–‡•‘˜‡”–‹‡™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡ƒ•‘•ǡƒ†–Š‡ •ƒ‡’ƒ––‡”™ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘•‹–‡•ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͹ȌǤ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ–Š‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”‹•‡ƒ•‘ʹǡ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘ •‡ƒ•‘ ͳ ‹ „‘–Š „ƒ‰‰‡† ƒ† —Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† „”ƒ Š‡• ȋƒ„Ž‡ ͶǤͻȌǤ Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ™ƒ•Ž‘™‡”‹•‡ƒ•‘ʹȋ͵Ǥ͹ΨȌ–Šƒ‹•‡ƒ•‘ͳȋʹ͸ǤͲΨȌǡ –Š‡—„‡”‘ˆˆ”—‹–•”‡‘˜‡†‹•‡ƒ•‘ʹ™ƒ•Š‹‰Š‡”„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ˆ”—‹–• ™ƒ• Š‹‰Š‡” –Šƒ ‹ •‡ƒ•‘ ͳǤ Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ™‡ƒ–Š‡” Šƒ‰‡•ǡ ‡ƒ ”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽ ƒ† –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘˜‡” –Š‡ –™‘ •‡ƒ•‘• ™‡”‡ ‘– •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ȋ’’‡†‹šͳͺȌǡ„—–™Š‡–Š‡™‡ƒ–Š‡”‘˜‡”–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ •‡ƒ•‘• ™ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†ǡ ‡ƒ ”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽ ™ƒ• ʹǤͷ͵  ƒ† ‡ƒ ƒš‹—–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡™ƒ•ʹͺǤͶ͵Ͳ ‹‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳ͹ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•ͳ͸Ǥʹ͹ƒ† ʹͷǤͺ͵Ͳ ™‡”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›‹‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳͺǡƒ†–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•™‡”‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ǥ



ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͻǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ ˆ”—‹–•ǡ„‡–™‡‡N. ovata ƒ†N. lloydii, ƒ†™‹–Š‹N. lloydii‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•

Branch type Groups Average % SD P-value Between ƒ‰‰‡† N. lloydii ͳǤ͵ʹ ʹǤ͸Ͷ ͲǤʹʹͶͲ species in N. ovata ͶǤͷͻ ͳͺǤ͵Ͳ  season 1 Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† N. lloydii ͲǤͻ͸ ʹǤͷͻ ͲǤͻͲͶ͵ N. ovata ͲǤͺͻ ʹǤ͸ͻ  Between ƒ‰‰‡† ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͳǤ͵ʹ ʹǤ͸Ͷ 0.0017 seasons  ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͺǤͲʹ ͳͶǤͲͻ N. lloydii Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͲǤͻ͸ ʹǤͷͻ 0.0319 ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͶǤ͹ͻ ͳͳǤ͵ͷ  

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻ͸

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤͳͲǣ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”—‹–”‡‘˜ƒŽ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡„›ˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡•„‡–™‡‡N. ovataǡN. lloydii ƒ†N. longifolia‹•‡ƒ•‘ͳƒ†™‹–Š‹ N. lloydii ‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘ •‡ƒ•‘•ȋ% fruit loss = % of [ No of Initial fruits -No of remaining fruits], % fruit removal by frugivores = % fruit loss in un-bagged branches – % fruit loss in bagged branchesȌ

% removal by % fruit loss frugivores Species Season Site Un- By Bagged Average bagged site Between N. lloydii ‹–‡ͳ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͲǤͲ 

species in ‹–‡ʹ ͵ͻǤ͸ ͻͳǤ͹ ͷʹǤͳ ʹ͸ǤͲ season 1 N. ovata ‹–‡ͳ ʹͲǤͲ ͸͸Ǥ͹ Ͷ͸Ǥ͹ 

‹–‡ʹ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͲǤͲ ʹ͵Ǥ͵ N. longifolia ‹–‡ͳ     ȋͳ–”‡‡Ȍ ͹ʹǤͳ ͻʹǤͻ ʹͲǤͺ ʹͲǤͺ Between ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ‹–‡ͳ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͲǤͲ   seasons ‹–‡ʹ ͵ͻǤ͸ ͻͳǤ͹ ͷʹǤͳ ʹ͸ǤͲ N. lloydii ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ‹–‡ͳ ͻʹǤ͸ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͹Ǥ͹   ‹–‡ʹ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͳͲͲǤͲ ͲǤͲ ͵Ǥ͹   4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 Vegetation & environmental characteristics

Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘ Ž‡ƒ” ’ƒ––‡”• ‹ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •–—†› •‹–‡• ƒ† ƒ ”‘•••’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•Ž‘’‡ƒ†•‘‹Ž’ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›˜ƒ”‹‡†„‡–™‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘‰ –Š‡ •‹–‡• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ǡ N. microcarpa ˆƒ˜‘—”• •‘‹Ž• ™‹–Š ƒ ’  Ž‘•‡” –‘ ‡—–”ƒŽǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡‘–Š‡”–Š”‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘‘”‡ƒ ‹†‹ •‘‹Ž•ǤNotelaea lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpa™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘•–‡‡’•Ž‘’‡• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”–™‘ Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡• •–—†‹‡†Ǥ Š‡•‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹‰Š– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‰‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘”‰”‘™–Š ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ N. lloydii ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ N. microcarpaǤ – ‹• ™‡ŽŽ ‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ •‘‹Ž ’  ’Žƒ›• ƒ ‡› ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •‘‹Ž

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻ͹

ˆ— –‹‘• ƒ† ’Žƒ– —–”‹‡– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–› ȋ‡”••‘ Ƭ ‹”±ǡ ͳͻͻͷǢ ƒŠ”ƒ™ƒ–ǡ ͳͻͺʹǢ–‡Ǧƒ”‹‡Ƭƒ”±ǡͳͻͻͻȌǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒ–‹†–‘Š‹‰ŠŽƒ–‹–—†‡•ǡ•Ž‘’‡ƒ†ƒ•’‡ – ‹’ƒ ––Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•‘Žƒ””ƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘”‡ ‡‹˜‡†„›–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ȋ‡‹‡ et al.ǡʹͲͲͺǢ ‡ǡͳͻͺ͹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡•‡”‡•—Ž–•™‡”‡„ƒ•‡†‘‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•ˆ”‘‘Ž›ƒˆ‡™ N. microcarpa ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† ˆ—”–Š‡” •–—†‹‡• ‹ Ž—†‹‰ N. microcarpa ˆ”‘ —Ž–‹’Ž‡•‹–‡•ƒ†‘–Š‡”ƒ„‹‘–‹ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•ƒ”‡”‡ ‘‡†‡†Ǥ

ƒ”‡††‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‹••–—†›. ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„‘–Š–Š‡•‡‰”‘—’• ‘•–‹–—–‡ƒ •‹‰Ž‡‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  Žƒ†‡ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌ”ƒ‹•‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ•™‡ŽŽƒ•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǡ Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ† ”‘™™‹†–Š™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘„‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡—„‡”‘ˆ„”ƒ Š‡•™ƒ•‘–ȋ’’‡†‹šͳ͸ȌǤNotelaea lloydii™ƒ• ˆ‹”•–†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•ƒ—Ž–‹•–‡‡†•Š”—„ȋ —›‡”ǡͳͻͺ͹Ȍǡ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpa ™ƒ• ‘™ ƒ• Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ –ƒŽŽ –”‡‡ ‰”‘™–Š ˆ‘” ȋ ”‡‡ǡ ͳͻ͸ͺǢ —›‡”ǡ ͳͻͺ͹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •—”’”‹•‹‰Ž› ƒ› N. microcarpa ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‹ –Š‡ •–—†› ™‡”‡—Ž–‹Ǧ•–‡‡†’Žƒ–•™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š‡”ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ„”ƒ Š‡•–ŠƒN. lloydiiǡ ƒ† ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ› •‹‰Ž‡ •–‡‡† N. lloydii ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘ ˆ‘—† ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤͻȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‹Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž‡ƒ˜‡•”‡•‡„Ž‹‰–Š‘•‡ˆ‘—†–›’‹ ƒŽŽ›‘ N. lloydii’Žƒ–•™‡”‡‘„•‡”˜‡†‘Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡N. microcarpa–”‡‡•ƒ†Ȁ‘”•’”‘—–‹‰ –”‡‡ •–—’•ǡ ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡ ƒˆˆ‹‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ •’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‡ƒˆ ™‹†–Š ƒ† •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ Ž‡ƒˆƒ”‡ƒ ƒ„‡”‡†— ‡†‹•‹œ‡‹’Žƒ–•–Šƒ–‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •–”‡•••— Šƒ•ƒ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‘‹•–—”‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”—–”‹‡–ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ—‹‰Šƒ et al.ǡͳͻͻͻǢ ‘•‡ ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͲͲǢƒ”’‡ǡͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ •‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•‡˜‡™‹–Š‹ƒ•‹‰Ž‡’Žƒ–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡’‘”–‡††—‡–‘Ž‡ƒˆƒ‰‡Ǣ‡™ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ”‡ •ƒŽŽ ™Š‹Ž‡ ‘Ž†‡” ƒ†—Ž– Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ƒ”‡ Žƒ”‰‡” ȋ‘†”‹‰—‡œ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ •— Š ƒ• Ž‹‰Š– ‹–‡•‹–› ƒ† “—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ„‹‡––‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‘”‹–”‘‰‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ƒ‹†— ‡ Šƒ‰‡• ‹Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡ȋ‡‰Ž‡”Ƭ•—ƒ›ƒǡʹͲͲͳǢƒƒ›ƒƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ƒ› ƒŽ•‘ ”‡•—Ž– †—‡ –‘ ˜ƒ”›‹‰ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ Š‡”„‹˜‘”› ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Šƒ„‹–ƒ–•ȋ”‘™Ƭƒ™–‘ǡͳͻͻͳȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ”‡†Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆ•‹œ‡ƒ† •Šƒ’‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‹••–—†›‹N. lloydiiƒ†N. microcarpaƒ›„‡†—‡–‘’Š‡‘–›’‹  ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ –‹•ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ––Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––”‡‡Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ† ”‘™™‹†–Šˆ‘”–Š‡•‡

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͺ

–™‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ ƒ‰‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘” –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ‰”‘™–Š —†‡” ˜ƒ”›‹‰ †‹•–—”„ƒ ‡”‡‰‹‡•ǡ „—–—ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›–Š‡‡šƒ –ƒ‰‡ƒ†•‹–‡ Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ’Žƒ–•”‡ƒ‹•—‘™Ǥ





‹‰—”‡ͶǤͻǣ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹N. microcarpaǢȋƒȌ—Ž–‹Ǧ•–‡‡†’Žƒ–ǡ ȋ„ȌŒ—˜‡‹Ž‡ƒ””‘™Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘•–—’‘ˆƒƒ–—”‡–ƒŽŽ–”‡‡ǡȋ Ȍƒ””‘™ Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Žƒ–ǡȋ†ȌŽƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡ƒ–—”‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǡƒ†‹N. lloydiiǢ ȋ‡Ȍ͵–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ–ǡȋ†Ȍ•‹‰Ž‡Ǧ•–‡‡†’Žƒ–ǡȋ‰Ȍ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ƒ† ȋŠȌƒ””‘™ƒ–—”‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•Ǥ



Š‹Ž‡ ‘Ž› ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ǡ N. microcarpa ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ ‡šƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ—’–‘ͶʹN. lloydii’Žƒ–•™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ†•–—†‹‡†ȋƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ͸ȌǤ ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ–Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ N. lloydii ’Žƒ–• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ Ž—’‹‰’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ ’Žƒ–• ™‹–Š‹ „‘–Š •‹–‡•Ǥ —‡ –‘ –Š‡ ˜‡”› Ž‘™ •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ ›‡– ƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž› •‹‹Žƒ” ƒ‰‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ –Š‡ Ž—’‡††‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘—Ž†„‡ †—‡ –‘

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͻͻ

˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Ȁ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘Ž‹‰‘–—„‡”•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹ˆ–Š‹•™‡”‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡ǡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ’Žƒ–• ™‘—Ž† „‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ ‰‡‡–‹  ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•‘––Š‡ ƒ•‡ǡƒ•˜‡”›Ž‘™‰‡‡–‹ ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡••™ƒ•ˆ‘—† ȋŠƒ’–‡”͵ȌǤ Š‹• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– Ž—’• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ƒ”‹•‡ ‘•– Ž‹‡Ž› „› ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘ƒˆ”—‰‹˜‘”‡†‡’‘•‹–‹‰•‡‡†•‹ƒŽ‘ ƒŽ‹•‡†ƒ”‡ƒǤŠ‹Ž‡•‘‡ Ž‹‰‘–—„‡”• ™‡”‡ ‘–‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› ȋ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ȍǡ –Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–‡† ƒ‹Ž›ˆ”‘–Š‡†‡•–”— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‰”‘—†’ƒ”–•ǡ—•—ƒŽŽ›„›ˆ‹”‡Ǥ



4.4.2 Comparative reproductive analysis of rare & common Notelaea species

Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•ƒ†–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ˆ”—‹–•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡••„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovata™‹–Š‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡””‹•„ƒ‡‡‰‹‘†—”‹‰•‡ƒ•‘ͳǤ ˆƒ –ǡ ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–†ƒ–ƒ™‡”‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹•‡ƒ•‘ʹ–‘ ‘’ƒ”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ N. lloydiiŠƒ†Š‹‰Š‡””‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡•• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘N. ovataƒ†N. longifoliaǤ N. lloydii ’”‘†— ‡†ˆŽ‘™‡”•ƒ†ˆ”—‹–•‹–™‘ ‘•‡ —–‹˜‡•‡ƒ•‘•™Š‹Ž•–ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰‹–Š‡–™‘ ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•™ƒ•‹‹ƒŽǤ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ”ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹‡••–—†‹‡†•‘ˆƒ”–‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡Ž‘™‡””‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡•• –Šƒ –Š‡‹” ™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ† ‘‰‡‡”• ȋƒ˜‡”‰‡ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ —””ƒ› et al.ǡ ʹͲͲʹǢ ›‡” et al.ǡʹͲͲͷȌǡ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›„‘–Š”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘ ‘‰‡‡”•Šƒ˜‡‡šŠ‹„‹–‡† •‹‹Žƒ””‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡••ȋŠƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ

Š‡‡ƒ—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•’”‘†— ‡†‘ƒ„”ƒ Š™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”‹N. lloydii –Šƒ N. ovataǤ ™‘ –‘ –Š”‡‡ †ƒ›• ƒˆ–‡” ˆ—ŽŽ ‘’‡‹‰ǡ •‘‡ ˆŽ‘”‡–• ™‡”‡ ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›‡š ‹•‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡†‹ ‡Žǡ™Š‹Ž‡ˆ‘”‘•–ˆŽ‘”‡–•‘Ž›–Š‡’‡–ƒŽ•™‹Ž–‡† ƒ†ˆ‡ŽŽ‘ˆˆǡ„—––Š‡‡Žƒ”‰‡†‘˜ƒ”‹‡•”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘–Š‡’‡†‹ ‡Ž•ǤŠ‡•‡ ‡Žƒ”‰‡†‘˜ƒ”‹‡•‹†‹ ƒ–‡†‡ƒ”Ž›Ǧ•–ƒ‰‡ˆ”—‹–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ„—–•—”’”‹•‹‰Ž›‘Ž› ƒ„‘—–ͳΨ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–‘Žƒ”‰‡ǡ†ƒ”’—”’Ž‡”‹’‡‡†ˆ”—‹–•Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡Žƒ”‰‡† ‘˜ƒ”‹‡•Ȁ‹ƒ–—”‡ ˆ”—‹–• ™‡”‡ ‡‹–Š‡” ‡š ‹•‡† –Š”‡‡ –‘ ˆ‘—” ™‡‡• Žƒ–‡” ‘” ”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”–Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ•‘ȋ ‹‰—”‡ͶǤ͹Ȍǡ”ƒ‹•‹‰†‘—„–•ƒ•–‘ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡› ™‡”‡ •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ› ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‡† ƒ† ˆ‡”–‹Ž‹•‡† ‘” Šƒ† —†‡”‰‘‡

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͳͲͲ

•‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ˆ”—‹–Ȁ‡„”›‘ƒ„‘”–‹‘ǤŠ‡’ƒ––‡”‘„•‡”˜‡†ˆ‘”N. ovata™ƒ••‹‹Žƒ”–‘ N. lloydiiǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”—„‡”‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒŽˆŽ‘™‡”•’‡”„”ƒ Š‡• ƒ†Š‹‰Š‡”ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‹‘‘„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•Ǥ

ƒ”Ž›Š‹‰Šˆ”—‹–ƒ„‘”–‹‘”ƒ–‡• ƒ„‡†—‡–‘ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ•‘•‹ Ž—†‹‰Žƒ ‘ˆ ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”•ǡ‹•‡ –ƒ––ƒ ‘”‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ȋ‹‹“—‡Ž‹ et al.ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤ •‡ – ƒ––ƒ ƒ›„‡ƒ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ—•‡‘ˆˆ”—‹–ƒ„‘”–‹‘‹N. ovata„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡‡ƒ —„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”•ƒ†ˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡—Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡• ™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ„ƒ‰‰‡†„”ƒ Š‡•ȋ’’‡†‹šͳ͹ȌǤ  ‘–”ƒ•–ǡ –Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•’‡”„”ƒ ŠǡˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘”ƒ–‡•ƒ†–Š‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•™‡”‡‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‡–™‡‡„ƒ‰‰‡† ƒ† —Ǧ„ƒ‰‰‡† „”ƒ Š‡• ‹ N. lloydii ȋ’’‡†‹š ͳ͹ȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ ‹•‡ –ƒ––ƒ ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ƒ›„‡‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”N. lloydiiƒ† ‹– ƒ „‡ ƒ”‰—‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ Š‹‰Š ˆ”—‹– ƒ„‘”–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡ ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ †‡’”‡••‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ˆ—”–Š‡” •—’’‘”–‡† „› –Š‡ Š‹‰Š ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–• ‘„•‡”˜‡†‹–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ••–—†›‘N. lloydiiȋŠƒ’–‡”͵ȌǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡••‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹‰Š—„‡”‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒŽˆŽ‘”‡–•ǡ•‘‡N. lloydii†‹†‘–’”‘†— ‡ ƒ›ƒ–—”‡ˆ”—‹–ǡ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡•‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ›—†‡”‰‘Š‹‰Š•‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ˆ”—‹– ƒ„‘”–‹‘Ǥ –Š‡” –Šƒ –Š‡ Ž‘™ ˆ”—‹– •‡–ǡ •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •‡‡†Ž‹‰ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡– ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ Ž‹‹–‡† ˆ‘” N. lloydiiǤ ‘ ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘„•‡”˜‡† †—”‹‰ ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”› •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ –‡•–• ȋ†ƒ–ƒ ‘– •Š‘™Ȍǡ ƒ† ‘Ž› ƒ ˆ‡™ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Žƒ–•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†ƒ–‡ƒ Š•–—†›•‹–‡ȋ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽǡ ’Žƒ– ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ •— ‡•• ‹• †”‹˜‡ „› „‘–Š ‹–”‹•‹  ƒ† ‡š–”‹•‹ „‹‘–‹ ƒ†ƒ„‹‘–‹ ˆƒ –‘”•ȋ„†ƒŽƒǦ‘„‡”–• et al.ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤŠ‡ ‘’ƒ”‹‰ –Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•ǡ–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ™‡ƒ–Š‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•‘–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‘—–’—– ‘ˆN. lloydii™ƒ•‡˜‹†‡–ǤNotelaea lloydii‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†Š‹‰Š‡””‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡••‹ –Š‡•‡ ‘†•‡ƒ•‘ȋ‡’ʹͲͳͺȂƒ”ʹͲͳͻȌ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•‡ƒ•‘ȋ‡’ʹͲͳ͹Ȃ ƒ”ʹͲͳͺȌǤ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡Ž‘™—„‡”‘ˆˆŽ‘”‡–•ǡ–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–• ™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”‹–Š‡•‡ ‘†•‡ƒ•‘ǤŠ‡•‡•‡ƒ•‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡•ƒ›„‡†—‡ –‘–Š‡™‡ƒ–Š‡” Šƒ‰‡•ȋ”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽǡ–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‡– ǤȌ‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ† ˆ”—‹–‹‰•‡ƒ•‘•Ǥ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡‡ƒ”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽƒ†–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘ •‡ƒ•‘•™‡”‡‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ȋ’’‡†‹šͳͺȌǡ–Š‡™‡ƒ–Š‡”‘˜‡”–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•ȋ‡’–‡„‡”Ȍ™ƒ•†”›ƒ†Š‘–ǡ‹ʹͲͳ͹™Š‡”‡ƒ•‹–™ƒ• ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͳͲͳ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›™‡–ƒ† ‘‘Ž‹ʹͲͳͺǡƒ†–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ǤŠ‹• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–™‡ƒ–Š‡”‹‰Š–„‡ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ˆ”—‹– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‹ N. lloydiiǤ  ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹’”‘˜‡† ‘†‹–‹‘•‹•‡ƒ•‘ʹǡ–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”—‹–•™ƒ•‘Ž›ͷΨǡ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ Š‹‰Šˆ”—‹–ƒ„‘”–‹‘Ǥ

‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ˆ‹†‹‰™ƒ•–Šƒ–†—”‹‰–Š‹••–—†›ǡ‡˜‡–Š‡‘•– ‘‘ ƒ†™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. longifoliaȌ†‹†‘–‡šŠ‹„‹–Š‹‰Š”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‘—–’—–Ǥ  Šƒ’–‡”͵ǡN. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘Šƒ˜‡Š‹‰Š‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ ‘’ƒ”‡† ™‹–Š N. lloydii ȋ Šƒ’–‡” ͵Ȍ, ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ Ž‘™ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘—–’—– ‘ˆ N. longifolia ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ’ƒ•– –Š”‡‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ˆƒ –‘”• •— Š ƒ• —ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž‡ ™‡ƒ–Š‡” ‘†‹–‹‘• ƒ† ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”•Ǥ ‹‡Ž†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–N. ovata™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›–Š‡•‡ƒ•‘ƒŽ™‡ƒ–Š‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•ǤŽ‘‰‡”Ǧ–‡”‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•–—†›‹• ”‡ ‘‡†‡†–‘†‡–‡ –ƒ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡••‘ˆ –Š‡•‡Notelaea•’’Ǥ‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡””‹•„ƒ‡‡‰‹‘Ǥ



4.5 CONCLUSION

‘ Ž‡ƒ”’ƒ––‡”•„‡–™‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•‡‡”‰‡††—”‹‰ –Š‹••–—†›ǤŠ‹Ž‡•‘‹Ž’ ƒ†•Ž‘’‡˜ƒ”‹‡†ƒ ”‘•••‹–‡•™Š‡”‡–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡• ™‡”‡•–—†‹‡†ǡ–Š‹•˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•Žƒ”‰‡Ž›†—‡–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹•‹–‡•™Š‡”‡–™‘‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†ȋN. microcarpaƒ†N. ovataȌǤ ˆƒ –ǡ–Š‡”ƒ”‡N. lloydiiƒ† ‘‘N. longifolia‘ —”‹•›’ƒ–”›ƒ–‘‡•‹–‡ǡ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ ƒ„‹‘–‹  ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‹• ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ ‘ –Š‡ ”ƒ”‹–› ‘ˆ N. lloydii ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘N. longifoliaǤ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡ Ž‘•‡‰‡‡–‹ ƒˆˆ‹‹–›‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ† N. microcarpaȋ Šƒ’–‡”͵Ȍǡ†‹•–‹ –‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‹••–—†›ǤŠ‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ† ”‘™™‹†–Š „‡–™‡‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ‰‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘” ‰”‘™–Š”ƒ–‡•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ’Žƒ–•ǤƒŽŽ’Žƒ–•‹œ‡ȋ•Š‘”–’Žƒ–•™‹–ŠŽ‘™ ”‘™ ™‹†–ŠȌ™‹–Šƒ””‘™Ž‡ƒ˜‡• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡N. lloydii‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡””‹•„ƒ‡‡‰‹‘ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpa ‡šŠ‹„‹–•ƒ–ƒŽŽ–”‡‡‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”‹–Š‡‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›Ǥ„‹‘–‹ 

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͳͲʹ

‘†‹–‹‘•ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰•‘‹Ž’ Ȍƒ†Ȁ‘”„‹‘–‹ •–”‡••ƒ›‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‰”‘™–Š”ƒ–‡•Ǥ Š‡Ž‘™”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‘—–’—–‡˜‹†‡–‹ƒŽŽ•–—†‹‡†Notelaea spp. ‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡ ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›ƒ„‹‘–‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ„—–Ž‘ ƒŽ™‡ƒ–Š‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ– ”‹–‹ ƒŽ’‘‹–•‹ –Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡’Šƒ•‡ȋˆŽ‘™‡”–‘ˆ”—‹– ‘˜‡”•‹‘Ȍƒ’’‡ƒ”•ƒŽ•‘–‘„‡‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ—”–Š‡”Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”•–—†‹‡•‹ Ž—†‹‰‘”‡N. microcarpa’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ†‘–Š‡”‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‡ ‹•–‘”›ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”‡Ƭ‘‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒ•’’Ǥ‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†  ͳͲ͵



ͳͲͶ

Chapter 5: General Discussion & Conclusions



Š‹•–Š‡•‹•Šƒ•‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–™‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ–‹˜‡‘Ž‹˜‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ȋNotelaea ipsviciensis ƒ† N. lloydiiȌ ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ  †‡‡’ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” •›•–‡ƒ–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•™ƒ•—†‡”–ƒ‡Ǥ  ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™‹–Š‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ǡ ‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› ƒƒŽ›•‹• Šƒ• ‹’”‘˜‡† ‘—” ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ –™‘ •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•‹–Š‡”‡‰‹‘ǡ‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•™ƒ›•ƒ•†‹• —••‡†„‡Ž‘™Ǥ



5.1 TAXONOMIC CLARIFICATION OF THE GENUS NOTELAEA

•’‘‹–‡†‘—–„›ƒ ‡ et al.ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ–ƒš‘‘›ƒ† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‘Šƒ†Ǧ‹Ǧ Šƒ†ǤŠ‡ ‘ˆ—•‹‘‘˜‡”™Š‡”‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‹‹–••Š‘—Ž†„‡•‡–ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ—•‡• †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–‹‡• ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹•–• †—”‹‰ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ ’”‘ ‡••‡•Ǥ ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘†‡’‡†•‘ƒ•–”‘‰–ƒš‘‘‹ „ƒ•‡ȋ—„‘‹•ǡʹͲͲ͵Ȍƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Notelaea •’’Ǥ –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ Ž‹•–‡† ƒ• –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘‰Ǧ•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ •—””‘—†‡†•’‡ ‹‡•†‡Ž‹‡ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡‰‡—•ǤŠ‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›Šƒ•”‡•‘Ž˜‡† –Š‡•‡ — ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡• ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ƒ „ƒ•‹• ˆ‘” ‘”‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ



5.1.1 Taxonomic clarification of N. ipsviciensis

‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡›ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›‹•–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†ȋŠƒ’–‡”•ʹ Ƭ ͵ȌǤ ‡‹–Š‡” ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‘” ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” †ƒ–ƒ •—’’‘”– –Š‡ ‘‘’Š›Ž› ‘ˆ N. ipsviciensisǤ ‹˜‡ –Š‡ ‹‡•‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ’Š‡‘–›’‹  ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡—• ȋ†‹• —••‡†Žƒ–‡”Ȍǡ‹– ‘—Ž†„‡ƒ”‰—‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ 

ͳͲͷ

ƒƒŽ›•‡•ƒ›‹’Ž›‹ ‘””‡ –•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‹‹–•ǡ›‡– –Š‡‰‡‘‡™‹†‡”‡•—Ž–• ȋŠƒ’–‡”•ʹƒ†͵Ȍ’”‘˜‹†‡—‡“—‹˜‘ ƒŽ‡˜‹†‡ ‡–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis ‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†‘ˆ N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataǤ ›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ—•‡•–ƒš‘‘‹  ‘’Ž‡š‹–›ȋƒ’„‡ŽŽƬ ”‹‰Š–ǡ ͳͻͻ͸Ǣ ‘ŽŽ‹‰•™‘”–Šǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ –‡„„‹•ǡ ͳͻ͸ͻǢ ƒ‰‡” ”ǡ ͳͻ͸ͻȌǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ Ž‡ƒ”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆŠ›„”‹†•–ƒ–—•ƒ†•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ’”‹‘”–‘ƒ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰Ǥ

›„”‹†• ƒ „‡ „”‘ƒ†Ž› †‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• –Š‡ Dz‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ˆ”‘ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ †‹•–‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‘‡ ‘” ‘”‡ Š‡”‹–ƒ„Ž‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•dzȋ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ”‘ƒ–ƒš‘‘‹ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡–‡” ǮŠ›„”‹†ǯ‹•‘ˆ–‡—•‡†–‘†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰„‡–™‡‡–™‘•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ –™ƒ•‘ ‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†–Šƒ–Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ”‡ƒ–‡•‘‡™•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ „—– ‡”‡Ž› ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ „Ž‡†• ™Š‹ Š ˆ‹ŽŽ ‹ ‡”–ƒ‹ ‰ƒ’• ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ”‡ ˜‡”› •ƒŽŽ ‘” ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ ȋƒ‰‡” ”ǡ ͳͻ͸ͻȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‘‡ •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• ƒ ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ •’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ‹– †‘‡• ‰‹˜‡ ”‹•‡ –‘ ‘˜‡Ž •’‡ ‹‡• ȋƒŽŽ‡–ǡ ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡ ͳͻͻ͹Ǣ ‰‡”‡” et al.ǡ ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ƒŽŽ‡– ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ †‹• —••‡† ‹ †‡–ƒ‹Ž –™‘ ƒŒ‘”–›’‡•‘ˆŠ›„”‹†•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ǣŠ›„”‹†•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŽŽ‘’‘Ž›’Ž‘‹†›ƒ† Š‘‘’Ž‘‹† ȋ”‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȌ Š›„”‹† •’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– Š‘‘’Ž‘‹† Š›„”‹†•’‡ ‹‡•‹‰Š–”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡ˆ”ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ —””‡–„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›‘Ž›–Š‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹•‡†Š›„”‹†Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ• •’‡ ‹‡•ǡƒ†–Š‹•”ƒ‹•‡•–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ™Šƒ–‡šƒ –Ž›‹•‡ƒ–„›Ǯ•’‡ ‹‡•ǯǤ

Ǯ’‡ ‹‡•ǯ ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™ ƒ† „ƒ•‹  —‹– ‘ˆ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ȋ‡ —‡‹”‘œǡ ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡‡†•ǡ –ƒš‘‘‹•–•ǡ ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ƒ† ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› „‹‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ‹–‡”’”‡– –Š‡ –‡” Ǯ•’‡ ‹‡•ǯ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž›Ǣ –Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘˜‡”ʹͲ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–•‹—•‡™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•‡†ƒ• ‡‹–Š‡” –Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ ‘” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–• ȋƒ›†‡ǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’– ȋȌ †‡• ”‹„‡† ƒ• Dzƒ •‹‰Ž‡ Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡•–‘” †‡• ‡†‡– ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‹ Šƒ‹–ƒ‹•‹–•‹†‡–‹–›ˆ”‘‘–Š‡”•— ŠŽ‹‡ƒ‰‡•ƒ†™Š‹ ŠŠƒ• ‹–•‘™‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›–‡†‡ ‹‡•ƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽˆƒ–‡dzȋ‹Ž‡›ǡͳͻ͹ͺȌǡ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› –Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ ‘ ‡’– –Šƒ– ‹• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” †‡Ž‹‡ƒ–‹‰ •’‡ ‹‡• ȋƒ›†‡ǡͳͻͻ͹Ǣƒ›Ž‘”ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡ƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‡•ƒ ‡•–”ƒŽ•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ•’‡ ‹‡• ˆ‘”‡†„›Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ†—‹’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ„—–‹–‹•Žƒ”‰‡Ž›—‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͲ͸

ƒ•–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǤŠ‡‘–Š‡”•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–• ƒ„‡ —•‡† ƒ• ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‘‘Ž•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘•– ‘‘Ž› ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ‘‡• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽǡ„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽǡƒ†’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–•ȋǡƒ†ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍƒ•–Š‡›‹ Ž—†‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ”‹–‡”‹ƒˆ‘””‡ ‘‰‹•‹‰•’‡ ‹‡•ȋƒ›†‡ǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ Š‡  †‡• ”‹„‡• •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ• Dz‰”‘—’• ‘ˆ ƒ –—ƒŽŽ› ‘” ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ‹–‡”„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ–—”ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡Ž›‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘‘–Š‡” •— Š‰”‘—’•dzȋƒ›”ǡͳͻͶͲȌƒ†‹•–Š‡‘•–‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘ ‡’–ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡Ǣ Dz–Š‡ •ƒŽŽ‡•– ‰”‘—’• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‘•‹•–‡–Ž› ƒ† ’‡”•‹•–‡–Ž› †‹•–‹ –ǡ ƒ† †‹•–‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡„›‘”†‹ƒ”›‡ƒ•dzȋ”‘“—‹•–ǡͳͻ͹ͺȌǢ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡–Š‡ ‘•–•‡•‹„Ž‡‡–Š‘†‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•†‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘—•‡†–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›„›–ƒš‘‘‹•–• ƒ† „‹‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ȋƒ›†‡ǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‹ ‡ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‘ ‡’–• ƒ”‡ ‹ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ƒ†Ž‡ƒ†–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘ Ž—•‹‘•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰•’‡ ‹‡•„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•ƒ† —„‡”‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‡—‡‹”‘œȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ•—‰‰‡•–‡†ƒ—‹ˆ‹‡† ‘ ‡’–ˆ‘”•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ•ǡ Dz–Š‡ ‘Ž› ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ’”‘’‡”–› ‘ˆ ƒ •’‡ ‹‡• ‹• –‘ „‡ ƒ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž› ‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ‡–ƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡dzǤ  ‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡• •— Š ƒ• †‹ƒ‰‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ‘‘’Š›Ž›ǡƒ†‹–”‹•‹ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‘– ‘•‹†‡”‡†”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘„—– ‘—Ž†„‡—•‡†ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ–‘•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– •–—†›ǡ N. ipsviciensis ’Žƒ–• ƒ”‡ ‘– †‹ƒ‰‘•ƒ„Ž‡ ȋŽ‡ƒˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› ‘˜‡”Žƒ’• ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‹• ‹†‹•–‹‰—‹•Šƒ„Ž‡Ȍǡ ƒ† ‡˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ •–ƒ–—• ‹• —‘™ǡ N. ipsviciensis ‹• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‘– ‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ȋŠƒ•‘–‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡ ‘‘ƒ ‡•–‘”ǢŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡN. ipsviciensis ƒ‘–Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡Ž›„‡†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡• —†‡” –Š‡ —‹ˆ‹‡† •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’– ™Š‹ Š ‹• „‡‹‰ ‡’Ž‘›‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› ȋ‡ —‡‹”‘œǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ



5.1.2 Taxonomic clarification of N. lloydii

‘–Š‡”‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‹†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›™ƒ•–Šƒ–‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ•–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”– –Š‡ •›‘›‹•‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ N. lloydiiǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘”‡ ™‹†‡Ž› †‹•–”‹„—–‡† •’‡ ‹‡• N. microcarpaǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ –™‘ –ƒšƒ ‡šŠ‹„‹– ƒ”‡†Ž› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”ƒ†Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›ȋŠƒ’–‡”ͶȌǡƒ†‹–‹•‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡†”‹˜‡”•‘ˆ•— Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͲ͹

‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ ‘ˆ–‡ „‡ ƒ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ǤŠ‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‹•–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•–‘‘†‹ˆ› ‹–• ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ†Ȁ‘” ’Š›•‹‘Ž‘‰› ‹ ”‡•’‘•‡ –‘ ˜ƒ”›‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘• ȋ”ƒ†•Šƒ™ǡ ͳͻ͸ͷǢ  ŠŽ‹ Š–‹‰ǡ ͳͻͺ͸Ǣ ƒŽŽƒ†ƒ”‡• et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒ•Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ȋ•‹œ‡ƒ†•Šƒ’‡Ȍ‹•‘™ ƒ•Š‡–‡”‘’Š›ŽŽ›ƒ†‹•‘•–Ž›‡š’”‡••‡†ƒ•–™‘‘”‘”‡Ž‡ƒˆ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•‹–Š‡ •ƒ‡’Žƒ–ȋƒƒ›ƒƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ‘–œ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ — –‹‘ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ƒ† –Š‡ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Šƒ•„‡‡†‹• —••‡†‹˜ƒ”‹‘—••–—†‹‡• ȋ ”ƒ••‡‹ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲǢ ‹”‘•‡ǡͳͻͺ͹Ȍƒ†‹–Šƒ•„‡‡•Š‘™–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒˆ•‹œ‡ȋ™‹†–Š ƒ†•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ Ž‡ƒˆƒ”‡ƒȌ ƒ„‡”‡†— ‡†‹’Žƒ–•–Šƒ–‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •–”‡•••— Šƒ•ƒ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‘‹•–—”‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”—–”‹‡–ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ—‹‰Šƒ et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͻǢ ‘•‡ ƒ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͲǢ ƒ”’‡ǡ ͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ •— Š ƒ• Ž‹‰Š– ‹–‡•‹–› ƒ† “—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ„‹‡– –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡”‘”‹–”‘‰‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ƒƒŽ•‘‹†— ‡ Šƒ‰‡•‹Ž‡ƒˆ•Šƒ’‡ȋ‡‰Ž‡”Ƭ •—ƒ›ƒǡʹͲͲͳǢƒƒ›ƒƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡‡šƒ –†”‹˜‡””‡ƒ‹• —‘™ǡ Ž‡ƒˆ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ ’Š‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘Ž‘ ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ

—”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ•‹ ‡ƒ””‘™Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž‡ƒ˜‡•™‡”‡‘Ž›‘„•‡”˜‡†‘Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Žƒ–• ƒ†Ȁ‘”•’”‘—–‹‰•–—’•‹N. microcarpaǡ‹–‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”• ‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ ‰”‘™–Š •–ƒ‰‡Ȁ‘–‘‰‡›Ǥ ‹”–—ƒŽŽ› ƒŽŽ ’Žƒ–• ‡šŠ‹„‹– •—„–Ž‡ ƒ† ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ‡ƒˆˆ‘”˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘†—”‹‰‘–‘‰‡›ȋ‘–œ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡƒ†‹•‘‡’Žƒ– •’‡ ‹‡• ˜‹•‹„Ž‡ Šƒ‰‡• „‡–™‡‡ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ƒ† ƒ†—Ž– Ž‡ƒ˜‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡†ȋ‘†”‹‰—‡œ et al.ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹ƒˆ‡™’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ†”ƒƒ–‹ ƒ† ƒ„”—’–†‡ƒ” ƒ–‹‘‹Ž‡ƒˆƒ†’Žƒ–‰”‘™–Šˆ‘”•†—”‹‰‘–‘‰‡›Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ †‘ —‡–‡†ǤŠ‡•‡•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡‘™ƒ•ǮŠ‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹ ǯȋ‘–œ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ‘•– Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹ •’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡†‡• ”‹„‡†ˆ”‘‡™‡ƒŽƒ†ȋ‘ ƒ›‡ǡͳͻͳͳǢ ƒ‡•‘ƬŽ‡‡•ǡʹͲͳͷǢ‘–œ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡ™‹–Š•‘‡‡š ‡’–‹‘••— Šƒ•Acacia ƒ†Eucalyptus•’’Ǥˆ”‘—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȋ ‘”•–‡”Ƭ‘•‡”ǡʹͲͲͻǢ ƒ›ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǡ Costus pulverulentusˆ”‘‘—–Š‡”‹ ƒȋ —œžǡʹͲͳͷȌƒ†Begonia dregei ˆ”‘ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹ ƒ ȋ ‡ŽŽƒǡ ͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ —””‡–Ž›ǡ ‘ •’‡ ‹‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ǡ ‡š ‡’– –Š‡ •‡‡†Ž‹‰• ‘ˆ ‰”‡‡ ƒ•Š ȋFraxinus pennsylvanica ˜ƒ” subintegerrimaȌ ™Š‹ Š ’”‘†— ‡ –™‘ –›’‡• ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ȋ‡””‹ŽŽǡ ͳͻͺ͸ƒǡ ͳͻͺ͸„Ǣ

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͲͺ

ƒ„אǦ‘”ƒ Ƭ ‘œžŽ‡œǡ ʹͲͳʹȌ ƒ† Nestegis cunninghamii ȋ—”• Ƭ ƒ™•‘ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ƒ”‡ ‘™ –‘ „‡ Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹ Ǥ ƒ› ‡™ ‡ƒŽƒ† •’‡ ‹‡• —†‡”‰‘ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ •Š”—„• –‘ –”‡‡• †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ’Šƒ•‡ Šƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ† Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–› ‹• ‘ˆ–‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆŒ—˜‡‹Ž‡ –‘ ƒ†—Ž– •–ƒ‰‡• ȋ’”‡•‡ ‡‘”ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ȍ‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ–ȋ‹‰‰Ž‡ǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ Š‹• ‘ ‡’–ƒ›‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡†‹˜‡”‰‡–’Žƒ–Šƒ„‹–ƒ†Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†„›N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydiiǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹ Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹  •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ –Š‡ ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‘•‡–‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ȋ ƒ‡•‘ƬŽ‡‡•ǡʹͲͳͷȌǡ ‡š ‡’–‹–Š‡—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ–‹˜‡Eucalyptus occidentalisǡ™Š‹ Š’”‘†— ‡•ˆŽ‘™‡”• „‡ˆ‘”‡‹–—†‡”‰‘‡•–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ˆ”‘Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡–‘ƒ†—Ž–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•—†‡” ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ȋ ƒ‡•‘ƬŽ‡‡•ǡʹͲͳͷǢ ƒ›ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ‹ ‡N. lloydii „‡ƒ”•ƒ””‘™Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘–Š‡Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡•–ƒ‰‡™‹–Š•Š‘”–—Ž–‹Ǧ •–‡‡†Šƒ„‹–ȋ‹Ǥ‡ǤǮjuvenile stage’Ȍ’”‘†— ‹‰ˆŽ‘™‡”•ǡ–Š‡”‡‹••‘‡— ‡”–ƒ‹–› ƒ†ˆ—”–Š‡”•–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‹• ‘ Ž—†‡†–Šƒ–N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydiiƒ”‡Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹ Ǥ

Š‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•‘ˆƒ›Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–‹ Eucalyptus•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ”‡–›’‹ ƒŽŽ›„”‘ƒ††—”‹‰ –Š‡Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡’Šƒ•‡ǡ„—–Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡‹–Š‡ƒ†—Ž–’Šƒ•‡ȋ ƒ‡•Ƭ‡ŽŽǡʹͲͲͳǢ ƒ›ƒ et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ ˆ‡™ Eucalyptus •’‡ ‹‡• ‘’Ž‡š‡• •— Š ƒ• Eucalyptus archeri-gunniiƒ†E. risdonii-tenuiramis ‘’Ž‡š‡•ǡŠƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘„‡‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ƒ• ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ ‡š–”‡‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ’Š‡‡–‹  ‘–‹—— ƒ† ƒ „”‘ƒ† ƒ””ƒ›‘ˆ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š ȋ‘––•ǡ ͳͻͺͷǢ ‘––• Ƭ ‡‹†ǡ ͳͻͺͷƒǡ ͳͻͺͷ„Ǣ ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͳǢ ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͺȌǤ ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡•‡ ‘’Ž‡š‡•‡šŠ‹„‹–ƒ ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ‡‘–‡‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‘––•ǡͳͻͺͷǢ‘––•Ƭ‡‹†ǡͳͻͺͷƒǡͳͻͺͷ„Ǣ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡͳͻͻͳǢ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡ ͳͻͻͺȌǤ‡‘–‡›‹•‘‡ˆ‘”‘ˆŠ‡–‡”‘ Š”‘›ǣ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡ –‹‹‰ ‘” †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ ‡˜‡–• †—”‹‰ ‘–‘‰‡› –Šƒ– ”‡•—Ž–• ‹ •Ž‘™‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ ”ƒ–‡• ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡–‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ȋ‘•–‘„˜‹‘—•Ž›Ž‡ƒˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ȍ‹–‘–Š‡”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ–—”‡’Žƒ–•ȋ ‡—–‡Ƭ ‘‡‡ǡʹͲͳ͵Ǣ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡͳͻͻͳǢ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ et al.ǡͳͻͻͺȌǤŠ‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‘„•‡”˜‡†„‡–™‡‡N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ›ƒŽ•‘„‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† „› –Š‹• ‘ ‡’–Ǥ —”–Š‡” •–—†‹‡•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‘”‡ N. microcarpa •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ‰”‘™–Š–”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͲͻ

‰‡‡–‹ • ƒ”‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” N. microcarpa ƒ† N. lloydii ”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ‡‘–‡‘—••’‡ ‹‡• ‘’Ž‡šǤ

Š‹Ž‡ƒ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘”–Š‡–™‘‡š–”‡‡’Žƒ–ƒ†Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†„› N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii‹•‘– Ž‡ƒ”›‡–ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡—‹ˆ‹‡†•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’– ȋ‡—‡‹”‘œǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǡN. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ•‹‰Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡• ƒ•–Š‡›‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ˆ”‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ•‹‰Ž‡ Žƒ†‡ȋͳͲͲΨ—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ „‘‘–•–”ƒ’•—’’‘”–Ȍ–Šƒ–‹•‘–”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽŽ›‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌǤ



5.1.3 Taxonomic clarification of other Notelaea species

‘–Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–N. longifoliaƒ†N. punctata •Šƒ”‡ Ž‘•‡ƒˆˆ‹‹–‹‡•ƒ† ‘—Ž†„‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•ƒ•‹‰Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘‡ ƒ ‡••‹‘‘ˆN. punctata ‰”‘—’‡†™‹–Šƒ—†‡• ”‹„‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ǡNǤ•’ǤŽ Š‘ •Žƒ†ǡ ‹ –Š‡  ’Š›Ž‘‰‡› ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡ ‘‡†‹‰ ƒ› –ƒš‘‘‹  ”‡˜‹•‹‘ǡˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‘”‡•ƒ’Ž‡•ƒ ”‘••–Š‡‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ”ƒ‰‡‹• ‡ ‡••ƒ”›Ǥ‡•’‹–‡‡šŠ‹„‹–‹‰Ž‡ƒˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡN. pungensƒ†–Š‡‘–Š‡”—†‡• ”‹„‡† •’‡ ‹‡•NǤ•’Ǥƒ”ƒ—Žƒǡ Ž—•–‡”–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ•ƒ•–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”–‡†‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹  Žƒ†‡‹–Š‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡƒ†ˆ—”–Š‡”‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”•–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡–ƒš‘‘‹ ’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆN. neglectaǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒˆ‡™ ‘–Š‡” •’‡ ‹‡•ǡ ™ƒ• — ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ† ˆ—”–Š‡” •–—†› ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ”‡•‘Ž˜‡ –Š‡•‡ –ƒš‘‘‹  ƒ„‹‰—‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”›”‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™‡”‡•‘‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ‘‰Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•, „—––Š‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”• ’”‘Š‹„‹–‡† ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ” •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •‡ –‹‘NotelaeaǤ

‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•– ƒ”‡”• ‘—Ž† ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡•‘Ž˜‡ –Š‡ Notelaea ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡƒ†•’‡ ‹‡•ƒ†‰‡‡”‹ †‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹•—„–”‹„‡Ž‡‹ƒ‡—•‹‰ ’Žƒ•–‹†ƒ”‡”•ƒ’’‡ƒ”•–‘„‡˜‡”›†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–ȋ —‘ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ ‘‰ǦƒƬ ‡•ƒ”†ǡʹͲͳ͵Ǣƒ”•–‘ǡʹͲͲͻǢƒŽŽƒ†‡”ƬŽ„‡”–ǡʹͲͲͲǢ—ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ  ‘–”ƒ•–ǡŠ‹‰Š†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡”•—•‡††—”‹‰–Š‹••–—†›™‡”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘†”ƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡šNotelaea’Š›Ž‘‰‡›ǡ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”•—’’‘”–

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳͲ

ƒ† ‹’”‘˜‡† ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •’‡ ‹‡• „‘—†ƒ”‹‡• ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰Ž‡•‡“—‡ ‹‰ƒ”‡”•Ǥ



5.2 POPULATION GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF N. LLOYDII

Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” •›•–‡ƒ–‹ • ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa ‘•–‹–—–‡ ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ȋŠƒ’–‡” ʹȌǡ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ • ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆN. lloydii‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†‹†‹ ƒ–‡•ƒŠ‹‰Š†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹  •–”— –—”‡ ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‹ –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ  Ž› •‹‰Ž‡ ƒ ‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ N. microcarpa™‡”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡ Ž‘•‡•–‘™’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘ ›‡”ƒŽŽ‡›ǡƒ†•‘‘ ‘ Ž—•‹‘•ƒ„‘—––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•ƒ†’ƒ––‡”•‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹ƒ†„‡–™‡‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆN. microcarpa ƒ„‡†”ƒ™Ǥ

‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŠ‹•–‘”› ƒƒŽ›•‡• ‘ˆ N. lloydii ƒ† N. longifolia ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† –”‡†• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ •‹‹Žƒ” –‘ –Š‘•‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡† ˆ‘” ”ƒ”‡ ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ› ”‡•–”‹ –‡† •’‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‘‘ǡ ™‹†‡Ǧ•’”‡ƒ† ‘‰‡‡”•ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ȋ‘Ž‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ ‹„•‘ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͺǢ ‹–œ‡†ƒ‡” Ƭ ‘Ž–‹•ǡ ʹͲͲͲǢ ƒ”‹ Ƭ ‘†–ǡͳͻͻͲǢ‹Šƒ”–Ƭ”‡‘Ž‹ǡͳͻͻ͵ǢŠ‡”ƒǦ”‘›Ž‡• et al.ǡͳͻͻʹȌǤ ‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›™‹–Š‹N. lloydii™ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ™‹–Š‹–Š‡‘”‡ ‘‘ƒ†™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†N. longifoliaǡ ƒ†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™„‡–™‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™ƒ• Ž‘™‡” ˆ‘” N. lloydii –Šƒ N. longifolia ȋŠƒ’–‡” ͵Ȍ.  Ž‹‹–‡† Žƒ†• ƒ’‡‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–”‡•–”‹ –‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™™ƒ•‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›ƒ ˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘„›†‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–ŠƒŽƒ ‘ˆ”‡ƒ–˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡”ǡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰ƒŽƒ ‘ˆ†‹•’‡”•ƒŽ„‡–™‡‡†‹•–ƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒǤ‘™ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ‹ •ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ †‡’”‡••‹‘ȋŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ‡ŽŽ‡”ƬƒŽŽ‡”ǡʹͲͲʹȌǡƒ†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ† ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ‹ Šƒ’–‡” Ͷǡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– N. lloydii ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ Š‹‰Š •‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ˆ”—‹– ƒ„‘”–‹‘ǡ Ž‘™ •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† Ž‘™ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘—–’—–ǡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰•‹‰•‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ȋ —•„ƒ†Ƭ Š‡•‡ǡͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ

‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†N. ipsviciensisƒ•ƒŠ›„”‹†‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataƒ†‘‰‘‹‰„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydii™ƒ•†‡–‡ –‡†ƒ––Š‡ •‹‰Ž‡ •‹–‡ ™Š‡”‡ N. ipsviciensis ƒ† N. lloydii ‘Ǧ‘ —”Ǥ  ˆ –Š‹• „ƒ  ”‘••‹‰

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳͳ

‘–‹—‡•ǡN. lloydiiƒ›„‡ƒ–”‹•‘ˆŽ‘ ƒŽ‹•‡†‡š–‹ –‹‘ƒ––Š‹••‹–‡†—‡–‘‰‡‡–‹  •™ƒ’‹‰Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘‡˜‹†‡ ‡‘ˆ„ƒ  ”‘••‹‰™‹–ŠN. lloydii‘”N. ovata‹ ‡ƒ”„›•ƒ’Ž‡•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†Ǥ

5.3 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE

˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡ ‘‡ ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ –ƒ•ǡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•‹•‘ˆ–‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰†—‡ –‘‹ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ™Š‹ Š•’‡ ‹‡•–‘ ‘•‡”˜‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡—†‡”Ž›‹‰ –Š‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›™ƒ•–‘‹’”‘˜‡‘—”‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ–‹˜‡‘Ž‹˜‡•‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•†—”‹‰–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‹”‡ –‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ †‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ†ˆ—–—”‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–ƒšƒǤ

5.3.1 Conservation significance of N. ipsviciensis

Š‹•Š”‡•‡ƒ” ŠŠƒ•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis,™Š‹ Š‹• —””‡–Ž›Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†•’‡ ‹‡•—†‡” –ƒ†‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†—†‡”–Š‡ – ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea ipsviciensisǡ ʹͲͲͺǢ Nature Conservation Strategy ʹͲͳͷȌǡ‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†ǤŠ‹••’‡ ‹‡•Šƒ•„‡‡Ž‹•–‡†ƒ• ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡†ƒ‰‡”‡† †—‡ –‘ ‹–• Ž‹‹–‡† ‘ —””‡ ‡ ȋ‘Ž› ͳ͹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ– ‘‡ ‘™ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘Ȍƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–•–‘‹–•Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›Šƒ˜‡–™‘‹’‘”–ƒ– ”ƒ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‹”•–Ž›ǡ ’Žƒ–• ƒ– –Š‹• •‹–‡ –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ˆ‘”‡”Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡† ƒ• N. ipsviciensisŠƒ˜‡‘™„‡‡ ‘ˆ‹”‡†ƒ•Š›„”‹†•‘ˆN. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataƒ† •‡ ‘†Ž›ǡ–Š‡N. lloydii’Žƒ–•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ––Š‹••‹–‡Šƒ˜‡‘™„‡‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ• „ƒ  ”‘••‡†Š›„”‹†•ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆŠ›„”‹†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ––Š‹• •‹–‡Ǥ

”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ˆƒ˜‘—”‡†–Š‡’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ ƒŽŽ› †‹•–‹ –•’‡ ‹‡•ȋ‰ƒ’‘™ et al.ǡʹͲͲͶǢ ǡʹͲͳʹǢ ƒ ‹™ et al.ǡʹͲͳͷȌ„‡ ƒ—•‡ƒ• Š›„”‹†• ƒ”‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ „Ž‡†• –Šƒ– †‘ ‘– ‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ȋƒ‰‡” ”ǡͳͻ͸ͻȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•™‡ŽŽǦ‘™–Šƒ––Š‡†‡–”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳʹ

Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‡Ž‡†–‘–Š‡‡š–‹ –‹‘‘ˆ•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ȋŽŽ‡†‘”ˆ et al.ǡʹͲͲͳǢŠ›‡”Ƭ‹„‡”Ž‘ˆˆǡͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†–Šƒ– Š›„”‹†•Šƒ˜‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ•ƒ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›ˆ‘” ‡‹•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ•”‡•‡”˜‘‹”•‘ˆ‘˜‡Ž ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‰‡‡•ƒ†‘˜‡Ž‡’‹•–ƒ•‹• ™Š‹ Š‹‰Š–„‡‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒ’–‹‰–‘ˆ—–—”‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•ȋ„„‘–– et al.ǡʹͲͳ͵Ǣ ƒ’ŽƒƬ ‡Š”‡”ǡʹͲͲͶǢƒŽŽ‡–ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǣ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡͳͻͻ͹Ǣ‰‡”‡” et al.ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ

Š‹• ‘–”‘˜‡”•› Šƒ• ƒ—•‡† ƒ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽŽ› †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž– •‡– ‘ˆ ’”‘„Ž‡• ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ȋŽŽ‡†‘”ˆ et al.ǡ ʹͲͲͳǢ –”‘‡ Ƭ ƒ“—‡–ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡ˆƒ –•–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ ‹™ et al.ȋʹͲͳͷȌ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†ƒˆ”ƒ‡™‘”–‘‰—‹†‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ‹ˆ ƒ† ™Š‡ Š›„”‹†• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ’”‘–‡ –‡† —†‡” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Ǥ ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ Ž‹––Ž‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ˆ‹–‡••ǡ ƒ† ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–› ‹• —””‡–Ž› —‘™ ˆ‘” N. ipsviciensis ƒ† •‘ ’”‡ Ž—†‡• ƒ ‘’Ž‡–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ —†‡”–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‹ ‡Š›„”‹†•ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘Šƒ˜‡”‡’Žƒ ‡†’—”‡N. lloydiiƒ––Š‡—‹‰Šƒ ‹‰Š™ƒ›•‹–‡ǡ‹–•‡‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•‘‡‡†–‘ ‘•‡”˜‡ –Š‡•‡Š›„”‹†’Žƒ–•ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆN. ipsviciensis•Š‘—Ž† „‡†‘™‰”ƒ†‡†‘ ‡ˆ‘”ƒŽ–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘Šƒ•„‡‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†Ǥ

5.3.2 Conservation significance of N. lloydii

Notelaea lloydii‹•Ž‹•–‡†ƒ•˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡—†‡”„‘–Š–Š‡ –ƒ† –†—‡–‘ ‹–•”‡•–”‹ –‡††‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‡ ‘’ƒ••‹‰ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›͵͹ͲͲʹ‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ†–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ–•–‘–Š‘•‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ–•ȋApproved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydiiǡʹͲͲͺǢNature Conservation Strategy ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†› Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. lloydii•Š‘—Ž†„‡•›‘›‹•‡†™‹–Š N. microcarpaȋŠƒ’–‡”ʹȌƒ†–Š‹•™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘”‡” •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›ǡƒ•–Š‡Žƒ––‡”‹•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡‡ƒ•–‡” ‘ƒ•–‘ˆ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ȋ ‹‰—”‡͵ǤͳȌǤ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›Šƒ˜‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ––Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘™ƒ•N. lloydii‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ƒ›„‡ƒ–”‹•‘ˆŽ‘ ƒŽ‹•‡†‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ

‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡‹” Ž‘•‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ’”‘š‹‹–›ǡ N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†‘†‡”ƒ–‡‰‡‡–‹ •–”— –—”‡ǡŽ‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳ͵

ƒ† ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ ™‹–Š‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋŠƒ’–‡” ͵ȌǤ ƒ„‹–ƒ– †‹•–—”„ƒ ‡ ƒ† ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒƒŒ‘”–Š”‡ƒ–ˆ‘”ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‹•”‡‰‹‘ ƒ† ƒ› —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž› Ž‡ƒ† –‘ Ž‘ ƒŽ‹•‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‡š–‹ –‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–‘ Šƒ•–‹ ‹–› ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š •ƒŽŽ ƒ† ‹„”‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋŠƒ’–‡” ͵Ȍǡ ƒ† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ•–‘ Šƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ –‹• ‘ ‡”‹‰–Šƒ– –™‘ ’”‘š‹ƒ–‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ȋƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͸Ǥͷ  ƒ’ƒ”–Ȍ ƒ”‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‡† ‹ –™‘ ’”‘–‡ –‡†ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ”ƒ†Ž‘›†‹”†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ”ǡ ƒ† ‘‡ –‡† „› ”‡ƒ– ˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ „—– •–‹ŽŽ ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡† ‘†‡”ƒ–‡ ‰‡‡–‹ 

•–”— –—”‡ ȋ •– α ͲǤͲͻȌǤ Š‹• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– ‡˜‡ ™‹–Š –ƒš‘‘‹  ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ƒ† •›‘›‹•‹‰™‹–Šƒ ‘‘ƒ†™‹†‡Ž›†‹•–”‹„—–‡†•’‡ ‹‡•ȋN. microcarpaȌǡ –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ”‡“—‹”‡ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ –Š‹• –ƒš‘ ƒ– –Š‡ –ƒ–‡ ƒ† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‡˜‡Ž •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ”‡Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ—”–Š‡” •–—†‹‡• ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰ N. microcarpa ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ”ƒ‰‡Ȍ ƒ† –ƒš‘‘‹  ”‡˜‹•‹‘Ǥ

Š‹Ž‡ƒ›•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹ •†ƒ–ƒ‹’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘†‡ ‹•‹‘•ȋŠ”‡• et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ—””‘—‰Š et al.ǡ ʹͲͳͺǢ‹’‘ŽŽ‹‹ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͹Ǣ‘‰ et al.ǡʹͲͳ͸ǢŽŽ•–”ƒ†ƬŽƒǡͳͻͻ͵Ǣ™‹ˆ– et al.ǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ•‘‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’‘Ž‹ ‹‡••— Šƒ• ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ•–‹ŽŽ†‘‘–‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡–Š‡ Ž‹•–‹‰‘ˆ‹–”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”ƒ••— Šƒ•ˆ‘”•ǡ‘”’Š•ǡ‘”•—„˜ƒ”‹‡–‹‡•—†‡”–Š”‡ƒ– ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‹‰ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ›†‡” ȋͳͻͺ͸Ȍ ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒ• ƒ „ƒ•‹• ˆ‘” ’”‹‘”‹–‹•‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‡Ž‘™–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•Ž‡˜‡Žǡƒ ‘ ‡’–‘™ƒ•–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”‹Ž›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—‹– ȋȌǤŠ‹• ‘ ‡’–Šƒ•„‡‡—•‡†‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡‹–”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”ƒ• ”‡“—‹”‡ ’”‘–‡ –‹‘ ȋ‘––‹ et al., ʹͲͲ͹Ǣ ƒ” ÀƒǦ‡ ‡× et al., ʹͲʹͲǢ ‹’’‘Ž‹–‹ǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‡˜‡Ž•–—†›‘Santalum austrocaledonicum‹‡™ƒŽ‡†‘‹ƒ Šƒ• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† –™‘ • ˆ‘” –Š‡ •’‡ ‹‡• —•‹‰ ‹ ”‘•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ȋ— Ž‡ƒ” ƒ† ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–Ȍǡ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰› ȋŽ‡ƒˆ ƒ† •‡‡† –”ƒ‹–•Ȍ ƒ† ƒ„‹‘–‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡• ˆ”‘ •‹š ’Žƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡‡ƒ Š’ƒ‹”™ƒ•ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ʹͷƒ’ƒ”–ȋ‘––‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡŽ‡ƒˆƒ†•‡‡†•‹œ‡„‘–Š ‘””‡•’‘†‡†™‹–Š–Š‡–™‘•Ǥ‡ ƒ—•‡ Ž‡ƒˆ•‹œ‡ƒ†•Šƒ’‡ƒ”‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ƒ†ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡ –”ƒ‹–•ȋ‹ ‘–”ƒ et al.ǡʹͲͳͳǢ‡ƒ† et al.ǡʹͲͳͶȌǡ‡˜‡‹ˆN. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydii

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳͶ

ƒ”‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”ƒ›„‡™‘”–Š› ‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡—•‡†ˆ‘”„›‘–Š‡” ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• ȋ†‡ —‹ƒ Ƭ ƒ‹–‘Šǡ ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Žƒ”‹ˆ›‹‰ •‘‡ ‹• ‘ ‡’–‹‘• ƒ† Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘”‹–œȋͳͻͻͶȌ•—‰‰‡•–‡†–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆƒƒ‰‡‡–—‹–ȋȌˆ‘” –Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–†‘‘–•Š‘™”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽ‘‘’Š›Ž›ˆ‘”‹–‘ Š‘†”‹ƒŽƒŽŽ‡Ž‡• ›‡–‡šŠ‹„‹–Ž‘™Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ†ƒ”‡ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ• Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†„›†‡ —‹ƒƒ†ƒ‹–‘ŠȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ„‘–Š‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‡—–”ƒŽ‰‡‡–‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘••Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘ ‡’–•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹– ƒ‘–„‡†‡–‡”‹‡†›‡–™Š‡–Š‡” N. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ† ‘•–‹–—–‡ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒ† ‘”ƒ•–Š‡”‡‹• —””‡–Ž›‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ †ƒ–ƒ‘ N. microcarpaǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ–N. microcarpa ƒ† N. lloydiiƒ”‡ƒ‡‘–‡‘—••’‡ ‹‡• ‘’Ž‡šǤ ˆ•‘ǡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆN. lloydii ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ›„‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽǡƒ•–Š‡•‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡”‡ ‡–Ž›‡˜‘Ž˜‡†ȋ†—‡–‘–Š‡ ”‡–‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ Œ—˜‡‹Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ˜‡• ƒ† ƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž› •Ž‘™ ‰”‘™–ŠȌ ƒ† ƒ”‡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”‹Ž›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ǥ



5.4 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

Š‹•Š”‡•‡ƒ” ŠŠƒ•ƒ††”‡••‡†Ž‘‰Ǧ•–ƒ†‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•‘–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ „‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ƒ–‹˜‡Notelaea sppǤ‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†ǤŠ‡‘”‹‰‹ ƒ†–ƒš‘‘‹ •–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†N. ipsviciensisŠƒ•„‡‡”‡•‘Ž˜‡† —•‹‰Š‹‰ŠǦ†‡•‹–›‰‡‘‡Ǧ™‹†‡ƒ”‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ‘–Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ† ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒ“—‡•–‹‘–Š‡–ƒš‘‘‹ †‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆN. ipsviciensisƒ•ƒ†‹•–‹ – •’‡ ‹‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹••–”‘‰Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–N. ipsviciensis ‹•ƒŠ›„”‹†„‡–™‡‡N. lloydiiƒ†N. ovataǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‡•‡Š›„”‹†•’‘•‡ƒ –Š”‡ƒ––‘N. lloydii–Š”‘—‰Š‰‡‡–‹ •™ƒ’‹‰ƒ––Š‡•–—†›•‹–‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ •›’ƒ–”‹ ǡ ƒ† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ Š›„”‹† ’Žƒ–• ‹• ‘ Ž‘‰‡” ™ƒ””ƒ–‡†Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—•‘ˆN. ipsviciensis•Š‘—Ž†„‡†‘™Ǧ‰”ƒ†‡†‘ ‡ ˆ‘”ƒŽ–ƒš‘‘‹ ”‡˜‹•‹‘Šƒ•„‡‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†Ǥ

‘–Š‡” ‹’‘”–ƒ– ˆ‹†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ‹• –Š‡ Š‹‰Š ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ”‡Žƒ–‡†‡•• „‡–™‡‡–Š‡˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡ǦŽ‹•–‡†N. lloydiiƒ†–Š‡‘”‡ ‘‘ƒ†™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳͷ

N. microcarpaǤ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡•‡–™‘–ƒšƒ‡šŠ‹„‹––™‘‡š–”‡‡‰”‘™–Š ƒ†Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•ǡ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•—•‹‰†ƒ–ƒ•–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”– –Š‡•›‘›‹•‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–™‘–ƒšƒǡƒ•–Š‡›‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ˆ”‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ƒ† ƒ”‡‘–”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽŽ›‘‘’Š›Ž‡–‹ ǤƒŒ‘” ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ˆ‹†‹‰‹•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ N. lloydii —†‡” –ƒ–‡ ƒ† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡• ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ –‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‘–‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Šƒ–’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆȋ —””‡–Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡†ȌN. lloydii‹•‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ†‡šŠ‹„‹–Ž‘™‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡŠ‹‰Š ‹„”‡‡†‹‰ƒ†•‹‰•‘ˆ‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘ǡƒ†™Š‡ ‘—’Ž‡†™‹–Š”‡•–”‹ –‡† ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ „‡–™‡‡ ‡˜‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ› ’”‘š‹ƒ–‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡ƒ–”‹•‘ˆŽ‘ ƒŽ‹•‡†‡š–‹ –‹‘Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ‹ˆN. microcarpaƒ† N. lloydiiƒ”‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǡ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”•ƒ› „‡™‘”–Š›‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ••— Š˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‡””‹•„ƒ‡”‡‰‹‘ƒ•ƒ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–—‹–ˆ‘” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘’—”’‘•‡•‹•ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡†Ǥ

Š‹•–Š‡•‹•’”‡•‡–•–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‰‡—• Notelaea –Šƒ– ‹ Ž—†‡• ƒŽŽ ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡† •’‡ ‹‡• –‘ †ƒ–‡Ǥ  ‘‰”—‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’Žƒ•–‹† ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” ƒ”‡”• ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡–ǡ›‡–Š‹‰Š†‡•‹–›•’”‘˜‹†‡†ƒ’”‘‹•‹‰•‡–‘ˆƒ”‡”•ˆ‘” ‘’Ž‡š ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰Ž‡ ‰‡‡ •‡“—‡ ‹‰Ǥ ”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‰‡‘‡–”‹  ‘”’Š‘‡–”› ”‡•—Ž–• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‘‡•—„–Ž‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡Notelaea •’‡ ‹‡•, ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†‘˜‡”Žƒ’’‹‰Š‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡’”‡ ‹•‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”•’‡ ‹‡•„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•ǤŠ‡’Š›Ž‘‰‡›”ƒ‹•‡• †‘—„–•ƒ„‘—– —””‡–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•‘‡•’‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡•‡ –‹‘‘–‡Žƒ‡ƒǡ ƒ† ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–› ‡˜‹†‡– ‹ –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ ’”—†‡– •’‡ ‹‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‹•”‡ ‘‡†‡†Ǥ

5.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Š‹Ž‡N. microcarpaƒ†N. lloydiiƒ”‡•–”‘‰Ž›•—’’‘”–‡†ƒ•ƒ•‹‰Ž‡•’‡ ‹‡•„› –Š‡‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”†ƒ–ƒǡƒ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘”–Š‡–™‘‡š–”‡‡‰”‘™–Šƒ†Ž‡ƒˆˆ‘”• ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡† „› –Š‡•‡ –ƒšƒ ‹• — Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ – ‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ –‘ ‘†— – †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳ͸

‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‡ Šƒ‹••„‡Š‹†•— Š‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• ‹– ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ †‹”‡ – ‘•‡“—‡ ‡ ‘ ˆ—–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– †‡ ‹•‹‘•ǤŠ‡‘–›’‹ ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ Š‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–› ƒ† Š‡–‡”‘ Š”‘› ƒ”‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† Š‡”‡ ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‡ Šƒ‹••†”‹˜‹‰•— Š‡š–”‡‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ˆ—–—”‡•–—†‹‡• ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‰‘ –Š‡•‡ƒ•’‡ –•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‹••–—†›ǡƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡™ƒ•ˆ‘—† ‹ –Š‡ •‘‹Ž ’  „‡–™‡‡ •–—†› •‹–‡• ™Š‡”‡ N. lloydii ƒ† N. microcarpa ™‡”‡ •ƒ’Ž‡†ǡ„—–—ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›‹– ƒ‘Ž›„‡Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‡†ƒ––Š‹••–ƒ‰‡–Šƒ–•‘‹Ž’  ƒ›„‡ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆƒ –‘”†—‡–‘–Š‡Ž‹‹–‡††ƒ–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ˆ‘”N. microcarpaǤ ‹ ‡•‘‹Ž’ ‹•ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‘ˆ’Žƒ–‰”‘™–Šǡˆ—”–Š‡”•–—†‹‡•‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‰”‘™–Š–”‹ƒŽ•ƒ”‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›ǤŽ•‘•–—†›‹‰’Ž‘‹†›Ž‡˜‡Ž•ƒ†–”ƒ• ”‹’–‘‹ •ƒ› ’”‘˜‹†‡‘”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†Ȁ‘”ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ –Š‡•‡–™‘–ƒšƒǤ

—”–Š‡” ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡–‹  •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ –‘ ‹ Ž—†‡N. microcarpa’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘ƒ ”‘••–Š‡‹” ‘’Ž‡–‡‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ”ƒ‰‡ –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–› ™‹–Š‹ ƒ† „‡–™‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‹•™‹ŽŽ‡ƒ„Ž‡ƒƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•–ƒš‘ǯ• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–ƒ–—• ƒ––Š‡–ƒ–‡ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡ŽǤ‹ ‡N. lloydiiŠƒ•„‡‡ˆ‘—†–‘Š›„”‹†‹•‡™‹–ŠN. ovataǡ†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”‰‡‡–‹ •‹‹Žƒ”‹–›ǡN. microcarpaƒ›ƒŽ•‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›Š›„”‹†‹•‡ ™‹–ŠN. ovataǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡŽ‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡„‘–ŠN. ovataƒ† N. microcarpa ‘Ǧ‘ —” ƒ† ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰ ƒ› ’‘••‹„Ž‡ Š›„”‹†‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ȋ —””‡–Ž› †‡• ”‹„‡†Ȍ N. lloydii ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‡š–”‡‡Ž›Ž‹‹–‡†‰‡‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ†‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ”‹•‹‰ ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆˆ‘—†‡”‡ˆˆ‡ –••‡‡•–Š‡‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ––Š‹••–ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–‹• ‘– Ž‡ƒ” ™Š› –Š‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ —Ž‹‡ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ™‘‘†› ’‡”‡‹ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ”‡ —•— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‹ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ‰‡‡ ˆŽ‘™ –‘ ‘˜‡” ‘‡ –Š‹• ‡ˆˆ‡ –Ǥ — Š ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡ ƒ› „‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ Žƒ  ‘ˆ ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‡‡† †‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ†Ȁ‘” •‡‡† ‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–‹„”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹Ž‘™”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•— ‡••‹• ƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡Ž›ƒˆƒ –‘”Ǥ „”‡‡†‹‰†‡’”‡••‹‘‹„‘–Š‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ†Žƒ–‡•–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‹• –ƒš‘ǯ• Ž‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡ ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡–ǡ ƒ† Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡” •–—†‹‡• ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‘”‡ N. microcarpa’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‘–Š‡”„‹‘–‹ ˆƒ –‘”•ȋ’‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‘”•ƒ†•‡‡††‹•’‡”•‡”•Ȍ ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ‘‘‰ƒ”†‡–”‹ƒŽ•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ••‡‡†‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳ͹

ƒ† †‘”ƒ › –‡•–• —†‡” ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† ‡˜‹”‘‡–•ǡ ™‘—Ž† ‹’”‘˜‡ ‘—” —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ •‡‡† ”‡ ”—‹–‡–Ǥ Š‡•‡ ˆ—–—”‡ •–—†‹‡• ™‹ŽŽ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ’Žƒ ˆ‘” –Š‹• –ƒš‘ ‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‘˜‡”–Š‡Žƒ•––Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ– †‡•’‹–‡„‡‹‰ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ• ‘‘•’‡ ‹‡•ǡN. longifoliaƒ†N. ovata‡šŠ‹„‹– ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž› Ž‘™ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘—–’—–Ǥ Notelaea •’’Ǥ ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ› Ž‘™ ”‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡ ‘—–’—– ƒ† –Šƒ– ‘Ž› ‡”–ƒ‹ ‘†‹–‹‘• Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ƒ•• ˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ǡ ˆ”—‹–‹‰ƒ†•‡‡†‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ •‘‡’Žƒ–•ǡˆŽ‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†•‡‡†’”‘†— –‹‘ ƒ „‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ „‡–™‡‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ†Ȁ‘” •› Š”‘‹•‡† ™‹–Š‹ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ‘‰ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–Š‹ƒ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‘™ƒ•ƒ•–‹‰ȋ‘‡‹‰et. alǤǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ —–—”‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›•— Š’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ‹ˆ‘ —””‹‰ǡ ƒ†ƒ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡””‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡‘—–’—–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ–‹˜‡ •’‡ ‹‡• ™‹–Š‹ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —‡‡•Žƒ†Ǥ Š‹• ”‡‰‹‘ ‹• ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ ’‡”‹Ǧ—”„ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–•ˆ”‘Šƒ„‹–ƒ–Ž‘••ƒ†ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ›‹’ƒ –‘ ƒ›ƒ–‹˜‡’Žƒ–•’‡ ‹‡•‹–‘–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ 

‡‡”ƒŽ‹• —••‹‘Ƭ‘ Ž—•‹‘•  ͳͳͺ

 Chapter 6: References

 „„‘––ǡǤǡŽ„ƒ ŠǡǤǡ•‡ŽŽǡǤǡ”–œ‡ǡ ǤǤǡƒ‹”†ǡǤ Ǥǡ‹‡”‡ǡǤǡ‘—‰Šƒǡ Ǥǡ ”‡Ž•ˆ‘”†ǡ Ǥǡ —‡”Ž‡ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ —‰‰•ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ›„”‹†‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ǤJournal of Evolutionary Biology, 26ȋʹȌǡʹʹͻǦʹͶ͸Ǥ

 „†ƒŽƒǦ‘„‡”–•ǡ Ǥǡ ƒ””—ˆ‘Ǧƒ’ƒ–ƒǡ Ǥǡ ” ‡‘Ǧ ׏‡œǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒ””ƒǦƒ„Žƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ‘ŽŽ‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡˆ”—‹–ƒ„‘”–‹‘ǡƒ†ƒ—–‘‘‘—••‡Žˆ‹‰‹–Š”‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”‡‹ƒŽŠ‡”„Ruellia nudifloraǤPlant Species Biology, 29ȋͳȌǡʹͷǦ͵͵Ǥ

 ‰ƒ’‘™ǡǤǤǡ‹‹†ƒǦ‘†•ǡǤǤǤǡ”ƒ†ƒŽŽǡǤǤǡ ‹––Ž‡ƒǡ ǤǤǡƒ ‡ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡƒ”•ŠƒŽŽǡ ǤǤǡƬ—”˜‹•ǡǤȋʹͲͲͶȌǤŠ‡‹’ƒ –‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡• ‘ ‡’–‘ „‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›•–—†‹‡•ǤThe Quarterly Review of Biology, 79ǡͳ͸ͳǦͳ͹ͻǤ

 Š”‡•ǡǤǤǡ—’’Ž‡ǡǤǤǡ‹–‡ǡǤǤǡƒ–”‹ŽŽǡǤ Ǥǡ‘”‡˜‹–œǡ ǤǤǡƬ ƒ‡•ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‡‘‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›‰—‹†‡• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ƒ‘‰”ƒ”‡ –‡””‡•–”‹ƒŽ ‘” Š‹† •’‡ ‹‡• ™Š‡ –ƒš‘‘› ”‡ƒ‹• — ‡”–ƒ‹Ǥ Annals of Botany, 119ȋͺȌǡͳʹ͸͹Ǧͳʹ͹͹Ǥ

 ŽǦ‡›”‘—–‹‘˜žǡǤǡƒ„‘ǡǤǡŽ‡œ‹ƒǡǤǡ—拐•ýǡǤǡ‹”«žǡǤǡ ƒ—’–˜‘‰‡ŽǡǤǡ ‹Ž‹ƒǡǤǡƬe˜‡ ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•‹–Š‡‰‡—•Secale ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†„›†ƒ”–•‡“’‘Ž›‘”’Š‹•ǤPlant Systematics and Evolution, 302ȋͺȌǡͳͲͺ͵ǦͳͲͻͳǤ

 ŽŽ‡†‘”ˆǡ ǤǤǡ‡ƒ”›ǡǤ Ǥǡ’”—‡ŽŽǡǤǡƬ‡„—”‰ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤŠ‡’”‘„Ž‡• ™‹–Š Š›„”‹†•ǣ ‡––‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•Ǥ Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16ȋͳͳȌǡ͸ͳ͵Ǧ͸ʹʹǤ



‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•  ͳͳͻ

Ž˜ƒ”‡œǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‡†‡Žǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ‹„‘•‘ƒŽ  •‡“—‡ ‡• ƒ† ’Žƒ– ’Š›Ž‘‰‡‡–‹ ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡ǤMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 29ȋ͵ȌǡͶͳ͹Ǧ Ͷ͵ͶǤ

 †‡”•‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ Š‘’•‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ  ‘†‡ŽǦ„ƒ•‡† ‡–Š‘† ˆ‘” ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ •’‡ ‹‡• Š›„”‹†• —•‹‰ —Ž–‹Ž‘ —• ‰‡‡–‹  †ƒ–ƒǤ Genetics, 160ȋ͵Ȍǡ ͳʹͳ͹Ǧ ͳʹʹͻǤ

 †‡”•‘ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ•‡”ǯ•‰—‹†‡–‘–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡™Š›„”‹†•˜‡”•‹‘ͳǤͳ„‡–ƒǤ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ –‡‰”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ ‡”‡Ž‡›ǡ ‡”‡Ž‡›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǤ

 —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒŽƒ–‡•—•Ǥ †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ǡ‡–”‡ˆ‘”—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ‘— ‹Ž•‘ˆ ‡ƒ†•‘ˆ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ ‡”„ƒ”‹ƒǡ‡–”‹‡˜‡†ʹͷǤͲ͹ǤʹͲʹͲǡ ˆ”‘Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ŠƒŠǤ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁƒ’ Ȁ‹†‡šǤŠ–Ž

 Approved conservation advice for Notelaea ipsviciensis.ȋʹͲͲͺȌǣ‡–”‹‡˜‡†ˆ”‘ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ȁ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Ȁ•’‡ ‹‡•Ȁ’—„• ȀͺͳͺͷͺǦ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǧƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ

 Approved conservation advice for Notelaea lloydii. ȋʹͲͲͺȌǣ  ‡–”‹‡˜‡† ˆ”‘ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁ„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ȁ–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†Ȁ•’‡ ‹‡•Ȁ’—„• ȀͳͷͲͲʹǦ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǧƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ

 ” Š‹„ƒŽ†ǡǤǤǡ ‹‡›ǡǤǡ—•–‹ǡǤǡŠƒƒŠƒǡǤ ǤǡƬ‘••‹‰Šƒǡ ǤǤ ȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ••‡••‹‰–Š‡‹’ƒ –‘ˆ”‡˜‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†™‡‡† ‘–”‘Ž‘—”„ƒ •‡•‹–‹˜‡„‹”†•’‡ ‹‡•ǤEcology and Evolution, 7ȋͳʹȌǡͶʹͲͲǦͶʹͲͺǤ



‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•  ͳʹͲ

—•–‡”Ž‹–œǡ Ǥǡƒ”‹‡––‡ǡǤǡƒ Š‘ǡǤǡ ‘—›‘ǡǤǦ ǤǡƬ ‘†‡ŽŽ‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘‹œƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡••‡• ‘ ‰‡‡–‹  †‹˜‡”•‹–›ǣ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• „‡–™‡‡ ƒ—ƒŽ’Žƒ–•ƒ†–”‡‡•’‡ ‹‡•ǤGenetics, 154ȋ͵Ȍǡͳ͵ͲͻǦͳ͵ʹͳǤ

 —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒ̵• ‹”–—ƒŽ ‡”„ƒ”‹—Ǥ ‘— ‹Ž ‘ˆ ‡ƒ†• ‘ˆ —•–”ƒŽƒ•‹ƒ ‡”„ƒ”‹ƒǡ‡–”‹‡˜‡†ʹͷǤͲ͹ǤʹͲʹͲǡˆ”‘Š––’•ǣȀȀƒ˜ŠǤ ŠƒŠǤ‘”‰Ǥƒ—Ȁ

 ƒ‹Ž‡›ǡǤǡƬ‡˜ƒǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ƒ––‡”ˆ‘””ƒ”‡’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǣ‘ŽŽ‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ’Š‡‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†ƒ–‹‰‹ƒ‡†‡‹ ’Žƒ–‘ˆ –Š‡•›‹•Žƒ†•‘ˆƒ”‹œ‘ƒǡErigeron lemmonii ”ƒ›ȋ‡‘̵•ˆŽ‡ƒ„ƒ‡Ȍ ȋ•–‡”ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȌǤWestern North American Naturalist, 77ȋ͵Ȍǡ͵ͺͷǦ͵ͻ͹Ǥ

 ƒ””‡––ǡǤǡ Ƭ‘Šǡ ǤȋͳͻͻͳȌǤ ‡‡–‹ ƒ†‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹œ‡Ǥ ǤǤ Ǥ‘ƒŽ† ƒŽȋ†ǤȌǡGenetics and Conservation of Rare Plantsȋ’’Ǥʹͺ͵Ȍǣšˆ‘”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••‘‡ƒ†Ǥ

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 ƒ™ƒǡǤǤǡ‡””›ǡǤǤǡƬ‡ƒ Šǡ Ǥ ǤȋͳͻͺͷȌǤ‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–”‘’‹ ƒŽ Ž‘™Žƒ† ”ƒ‹ˆ‘”‡•– –”‡‡•Ǥ Ǥ ‡š—ƒŽ •›•–‡• ƒ† ‹ ‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› ‡ Šƒ‹••ǤAmerican Journal of Botanyǡ72ȋ͵Ȍǡ͵͵ͳǦ͵ͶͷǤ

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 ‡œ‡‡”ǡǤǡ”ƒ—••ǡǤǤǡ‘„‡”–•ǡǤ ǤǡƬ ‘’’‡”ǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘Ž†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ–”‡‡•ƒ†•ƒŽŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•‹•‹–‡‰”ƒŽ–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹•’‡ ‹‡•̵ ‰‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒŠ‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŽ›ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡†™‘‘†›’‡”‡‹ƒŽǤMolecular Ecology, 28ȋͳͶȌǡ͵͵͵ͻǦ͵͵ͷ͹Ǥ



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 ”‘™ǡ Ǥǡ”‹‰Š–ǡǤǡƬ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ‡‡†’”‘†— –‹‘ƒ†‰‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‹–™‘ ”ƒ”‡ ƒ† –Š”‡‡ ‘‘ ‘Ǧ‘ —””‹‰ Acacia •’‡ ‹‡• ˆ”‘ •‘—–ŠǦ‡ƒ•– —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǤAustral Ecology, 28ȋ͵Ȍǡʹ͹ͳǦʹͺͲǤ

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 —””‘—‰ŠǡǤǡ‘”‘›ǡ Ǥǡƒ‘–ǡǤǤǡŠ‹‹œ—Ǧ‹—”ƒǡǤǡƬŠƒ’ ‘––ǡǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •‘ˆMelaleuca irbyanaȋ›”–ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ȍ–Š‡Ǯ•™ƒ’–‡ƒ–”‡‡ǯ ƒ†‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”‹–• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡•–‘”ƒ–‹‘ǤAustralian Journal of Botany, 66ȋͳȌǡͳ͵ǦʹͷǤ



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 ‘Ž‡ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ‡‡–‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹”ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘‘’Žƒ–•ǤAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34ȋͳȌǡʹͳ͵Ǧʹ͵͹Ǥ

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‡Ž‹‡”ǡ ǤǤǡƬ‘••‡ŽŽ×ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ‡––‡”–Š‡†‡˜‹Ž›‘—‘™ǫ —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘” ‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ” ‹•’‡ ‹‡•ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›•–—†‹‡•‹ ’Žƒ–•ǤMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44ȋʹȌǡͻͳͳǦͻͳͻǤ

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 ƒ ‡ǡ ǤǤǡ‡›‡”•ǡǤǡŽ‡ƒ†‡ǡǤǡ‹‰‰•ǡǤǡŠƒ’‹ ǡ ǤǤǡ‘”‡ŽŽǡǤǤǡÀƒœǡ Ǥǡ ‡‹‰•ǡǤǡ‡ƒ†Ž‡›ǡǤǡƬ—„›ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•–‘†‡ˆ‹‹‰ ƒ’Žƒ‡–ƒ”›„‘—†ƒ”›ˆ‘”„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǤGlobal Environmental Change, 28ǡ ʹͺͻǦʹͻ͹Ǥ

 ƒŽŽ‡–ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ›„”‹†•’‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ǤNature, 446ȋ͹ͳ͵͵Ȍǡʹ͹ͻǦʹͺ͵Ǥ



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 òœ„‡”‰‘˜žǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡•”ƒ”‹–›ǣ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰”‘™–Š”ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ•’‡ ‹‡••Šƒ”‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ǤAmerican Journal of Botany, 92ȋͳʹȌǡ ͳͻͺ͹ǦͳͻͻͶǤ

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 ƒƒ›ƒƒǡ Ǥǡ ‹Šƒǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹—”ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‘™ †‘ ’Žƒ–• ƒ† ’Š›–‘Š‘”‘‡• ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š Š‡–‡”‘’Š›ŽŽ›ǡ Ž‡ƒˆ ’Š‡‘–›’‹  ’Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ǡ ‹ ”‡•’‘•‡–‘‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ —‡•ǤFrontiers in Plant Science, 8ǡͳ͹ͳ͹Ǥ

 ƒ–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ȋ™‹Ž†Ž‹ˆ‡Ȍ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‡–”‹‡˜‡† ͳͻǤͲͺǤʹͲʹͲǡ ˆ”‘ Š––’•ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ“Ž†Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁ ȀȀȀƒ–—”‡‘ ‹Ͳ͸Ǥ’†ˆ



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ƒ–—”‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ –”ƒ–‡‰› ȋʹͲͳͷȌǣ ‡–”‹‡˜‡† ˆ”‘ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹’•™‹ ŠǤ“Ž†Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—Ȁƒ„‘—–̴ ‘— ‹ŽȀ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡̴’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ȁ ƒ–—”‡̴ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘̴•–”ƒ–‡‰›Ǥ

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 ––‡™‡ŽŽǡǤǤǡ‹ ‡”–‘ǡǤǤǡ›”‡ǡǤǡƬ‘™‡ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ”‹†‰‹‰–Š‡‰ƒ’ǣ  ‰‡‡–‹  ƒ••‡••‡– ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ˆ‘” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† ’Žƒ– ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ’”‹‘”‹–‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰Ǥ Diversity and Distributions, 22ȋʹȌǡͳ͹ͶǦͳͺͺǤ

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ƒŽƒ’ƒ‰‘• •Žƒ†•Ǥ Frontiers in Plant Science, 8ǡ ͳ͵ͺǤ †‘‹ǣ ͳͲǤ͵͵ͺͻȀˆ’Ž•ǤʹͲͳ͹ǤͲͲͳ͵ͺǤ

 ‡„Ž‡–‘ǡǤǤǡ‘‰ƒǡǤǤǡƬ ‘”•–‡”ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ–ƒ’’ǣ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ˆ‘” ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰‡‡–‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•–”— –—”‡‘ˆ‹š‡†Ǧ’Ž‘‹†›Ž‡˜‡Ž ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤMolecular Ecology Resources, 13ȋͷȌǡͻͶ͸ǦͻͷʹǤ

 ‡”••‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹”±ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ ‹–”‘‰‡ ‹‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‹–”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–†‡’–Š•‹ƒ ‹†ˆ‘”‡•–•‘‹Ž•Ǥ Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystemsȋ’’ǤͷͷǦ͸ͷȌǣ’”‹‰‡”Ǥ

 ‡–‡”ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡‰ƒǣ   ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡• —•‹‰ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š•Ǥ Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9ȋ͸Ȍǡͳ͸͵ͺǦͳ͸Ͷ͹Ǥ

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‘––•ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺͷȌǤ ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ Eucalyptus gunnii-archeri ‘’Ž‡šǤ ‹‹Ǥ ‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽ–”ƒ•’Žƒ––”‹ƒŽ•ǤAustralian Journal of Botany, 33ȋ͸Ȍǡ͸ͺ͹Ǧ͹ͲͶǤ

 ‘––•ǡǤǡƬ‡‹†ǡ ǤȋͳͻͺͷƒȌǤƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡Eucalyptus gunnii-archeri ‘’Ž‡šǤ Ǥ ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ƒ†—Ž–’Š‡‘–›’‡ǤAustralian Journal of Botany, 33ȋ͵Ȍǡ͵͵͹Ǧ ͵ͷͻǤ

 ‘––•ǡǤǡƬ‡‹†ǡ Ǥȋͳͻͺͷ„ȌǤƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡Eucalyptus gunnii-archeri ‘’Ž‡šǤ ‹Ǥ Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǤAustralian Journal of Botany, 33ȋͷȌǡͷͳͻǦͷͶͳǤ



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 ƒ„‹‘™‹–œǡ Ǥǡ ƒ‹”•ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹ŽŽ‘ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺ͸ȌǤ ‡˜‡ ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ ”ƒ”‹–› ƒ† –Š‡‹” ˆ”‡“—‡ › ‹ –Š‡ ˆŽ‘”ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „”‹–‹•Š ‹•Ž‡•Ǥ  Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversityǤ

 ƒ„‹‘™‹–œǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒ’’ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺͳȌǤ ‹•’‡”•ƒŽ ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ •’ƒ”•‡ ƒ† ‘‘‰”ƒ••‡•ˆ”‘ƒ‹••‘—”‹’”ƒ‹”‹‡ǤAmerican Journal of Botanyǡ͸ͳ͸Ǧ ͸ʹͶǤ

 ƒŽŽ•ǡ Ǥǡ ƒŽŽ‘—ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ—†ƒ•Šǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ž†”‹†‰‡ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ‡•–‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ƒ ›ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ —— •ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ”ƒŠƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘” ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ •Š‹ˆ– ‹ –Š‡ ‰‡‡–‹  ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Conservation Letters, 11ȋʹȌǡ‡ͳʹͶͳʹǤ

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 ‘†”‹‰—‡œǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ‡„‡”ƒ”†‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒŽƒ–‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‘”’Š‘‰‡‡•‹• ‘ˆ •‹’Ž‡ Ž‡ƒ˜‡•ǣ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆŽ‡ƒˆ •‹œ‡ ƒ†•Šƒ’‡Ǥ Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 3ȋͳȌǡͶͳǦͷ͹Ǥ

 ‘ŠŽˆǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤŠ‡–’••‡”‹‡•‘ˆ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǤHystrix, 26ȋͳȌǤ

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 Šƒ”ƒ• Š‹ǡǤǡƬ‘›Ž‡ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤŠ›Ž‘‰‡›ƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ„‹‘‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›‘ˆ ƒšƒ‰‘”‡ƒȋ‘ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ȍ—•‹‰‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•– •‡“—‡ ‡†ƒ–ƒǤSystematic Botany, 30ȋͶȌǡ͹ͳʹǦ͹͵ͷǤ

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 ƒ‰‡” ”ǡǤȋͳͻ͸ͻȌǤŠ‡”‘Ž‡ƒ†–ƒš‘‘‹ –”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆŠ›„”‹†•ǤBioScience, 19ȋͻȌǡ͹ͺͷǦ͹ͻͷǤ

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 ‹Ž–•Š‹”‡ǡ Ǥǡ ‘––•ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‡‹†ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͳȌǤ  ’ƒ‡†‘‘”’Š‘ Ž‹‡‹Eucalyptusǣ ƒ–—”ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ Eucalyptus risdonii–E. tenuiramis ‘’Ž‡šǤ Australian Journal of Botany, 39ȋ͸ȌǡͷͶͷǦͷ͸͸Ǥ

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 ‘Žˆǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ƒ‡„ƒ›ƒ•Š‹ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹‡•‡„‡”‰ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ ”‡†‹ –‹‰ –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ ‡š–‹ –‹‘–Š”‘—‰ŠŠ›„”‹†‹œƒ–‹‘ǤConservation Biology, 15ȋͶȌǡͳͲ͵ͻǦͳͲͷ͵Ǥ



‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•  ͳͷʹ

‘‰ǡǤǡƬ—ǡǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ‡’”‘†— –‹˜‡„‹‘Ž‘‰›ƒ† ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •‘ˆ oodyera procera ȋ‘” Š‹†ƒ ‡ƒ‡ȌǤ American Journal of Botany, 86ȋͳͲȌǡ ͳͶͲ͸ǦͳͶͳ͵Ǥ

 ƒ‰ǡǤǡ‡ǡǤǡƒ›ǡǤǡ—ǡ Ǥǡ‹ǡǤǡŠƒ‰ǡǤǡ‹—ǡ Ǥǡƒ‘ǡǤǡƬ‹Ž‹ƒǡǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ‡‡–‹ †‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•–”— –—”‡‘ˆ ‘”‡™ƒ–‡”‡Ž‘ȋCitrullus lanatusȌ ‰‡‘–›’‡• —•‹‰ †ƒ”–•‡“Ǧ„ƒ•‡† Ǥ Plant Genetic Resources, 14ȋ͵Ȍǡʹʹ͸Ǧʹ͵͵Ǥ

 ‘—‰ǡǤǡƬ‘›Ž‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ‘”‡•–ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ǥ‘—‰ǡǤ‘•Š‹‡”ƬǤ ‘›Ž‡ ȋ†•ǤȌǡ Forest Conservation Genetics: Principles and Practice ȋ’’Ǥ ͵ͷͳȌǣ ’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǤ

 ‘—‰ǡǤǡ‘›Ž‡ǡǤǡƬ”‘™ǡǤȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤŠ‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹  ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ Šƒ„‹–ƒ–ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”’Žƒ–•ǤTrends in Ecology and Evolution, 11ȋͳͲȌǡ Ͷͳ͵ǦͶͳͺǤ

 —ƒǡǤ ǤǡŠƒ‰ǡǤǤǡ ƒǡǤ Ǥǡ‘‰ǡǤ ǤǡƬŠƒ‰ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ’Š›Ž‘‰‡›‘ˆOsmanthus ȋŽ‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ȍ„ƒ•‡†‘‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰ ŠŽ‘”‘’Žƒ•–ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” ”‹„‘•‘ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒŽ –”ƒ• ”‹„‡† •’ƒ ‡” ”‡‰‹‘•Ǥ Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 48ȋ͸ȌǡͶͺʹǦͶͺͻǤ

 ‡†ƒ‡ǡǤǡ ‘‰ǦƒǡǤǡ—”‹‡‡ǡ Ǥǡ ‡œ‹‘”•‹ǡǤǡƒŽ†™‹ǡǤ ǤǡƬ‡•ƒ”†ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ —•‡‘‹ • ‹ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ ƒ ‡š–‹ –ǡ ’ƒŽ‡‘‡†‡‹  ’Žƒ–Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ȋHesperelaeaǡŽ‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡Ȍ‘™ˆ”‘ƒͳͺ͹ͷ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ˆ”‘ —ƒ†ƒŽ—’‡ •Žƒ†ǡ‡š‹ ‘ǤBiological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117ȋͳȌǡ ͶͶǦͷ͹Ǥ

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‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•  ͳͷ͵



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‘–œǡ Ǥǡ‹ŽŠ‡ŽǡǤǡƬ‡ ‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ‡–‡”‘„Žƒ•–›Ȅƒ”‡˜‹‡™ǤThe Botanical Review, 77ȋʹȌǡͳͲͻǦͳͷͳǤ

 — ‡”ƒ†ŽǡǤǡƬƒ—Ž‹‰ǡǤ ȋͳͻ͸ͷȌǤ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ƒ•†‘ —‡–•‘ˆ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› Š‹•–‘”›ǤJournal of Theoretical Biology, 8ȋʹȌǡ͵ͷ͹Ǧ͵͸͸Ǥ





‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•  ͳͷͶ

Chapter 7: Appendix

’’‡†‹šͳǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡†‹–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒƒŽ›•‡•Ǥ’”‡•‡––Š‡‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ”‡”•ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š‡ƒ Š•ƒ’Ž‡™ƒ•–‡•–‡†Ǥ atpB- trnH- trnQ- Species Sample ID Voucher ID location/population Year ITS SNPs    rbcL psbA rps16  Fraxinus excelsior ̴‡š ‡Ž•‹‘” ξ ξ ξ Chionanthus ramiflorus ̴”ƒ‹ˆŽ‘”—• ͲͺͳͷͺͲͶ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ† ʹͲͳͲ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ Osmanthus aurenticus ̴ƒ—”‡–‹ —•  ξ ξ Osmanthus fragrans ̴ˆ”ƒ‰”ƒ• ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͻ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ Notelaea johnsonii ̴Œ‘Š•‘‹‹̴Ͳͳ Ͳͺͳͺͺ͹͹ ‘Ž† ‘ƒ•– ʹͲͳʹ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴Œ‘Š•‘‹‹̴Ͳʹ Ͳͺͳͺͺʹ͹ ‘‰ƒ ʹͲͳʹ ξ ξ ξ  Notelaea ligustrina ̴Ž‹‰—•–”‹ƒ̴Ͳͳ ʹͶͶͶͳ͸͸  Ž‹†‡”•ȋȌ ʹͲͲͻ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴Ž‹‰—•–”‹ƒ̴Ͳʹ ʹͲͷͲͲ͵Ͷ ‘Žƒ Ǧ–™ƒ›ȋ Ȍ ͳͻͻͺ ξ ξ  ξ ξ Notelaea linearis ̴Ž‹‡ƒ”‹•̴Ͳͳ ͲͷͺͶͶʹ͵ ‘‘™‘‘„ƒ ͳͻͻͷ ξ ξ  ξ  ̴Ž‹‡ƒ”‹•̴Ͳʹ Ͳ͹ͶͲͳ͹ͳ ‘‡”•‡– ʹͲͲͳ ξ ξ  ξ ̴Ž‹‡ƒ”‹•̴Ͳ͵ Ͳͺͳ͸ͷͶ͹ ‘‘™‘‘„ƒ ʹͲͲͺ    ξ ξ ̴Ž‹‡ƒ”‹•̴ͲͶ Ͳ͹ͺͺͶͲ͵ ‘—–Š‡”‘™• ʹͲͳͲ     ξ Notelaea lloydii ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͳ Ͳͳ • ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳʹ Ͳʹ • ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͵ Ͳ͵ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͷ Ͳͷ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͸ Ͳ͸ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͹ Ͳ͹ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͺ Ͳͺ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͻ Ͳͻ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲ ͳͲ • ʹͲͳ͹ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͷͷ

    ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳ ͳͳ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳʹ ͳʹ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳ͵ ͳ͵ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͺ ͳͺ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͻ ͳͻ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͲ ʹͲ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͳ ʹͳ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹʹ ʹʹ • ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹ͵ ʹ͵ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͶ ʹͶ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͷ ʹͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹ͹ ʹ͹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͺ ʹͺ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͻ ʹͻ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵Ͳ ͵Ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ͳ ͵ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ʹ ͵ʹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵͵ ͵͵ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵Ͷ ͵Ͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ͷ ͵ͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵͸ ͵͸ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷͷ Ͷͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷ͸ Ͷ͸ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷ͹ Ͷ͹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͲ ͷͲ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͳ ͷͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷʹ ͷʹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷ͵ ͷ͵ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͶ ͷͶ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͷ͸

    ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷ͹ ͷ͹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͺ ͷͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͻ ͷͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͸Ͳ ͸Ͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͸ͳ ͸ͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹Ͷ ͹Ͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͷ ͹ͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹͸ ͹͸ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹͹ ͹͹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͺ ͹ͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͻ ͹ͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͲ ͺͲ Š‘Ž‘ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͳ ͺͳ Š‘Ž‘ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺʹ ͺʹ Š‘Ž‘ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͵ ͺ͵ Š‘Ž‘ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͶ ͺͶ Š‘Ž‘ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͷ ͺͷ „„™ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͸ ͺ͸ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͹ ͺ͹ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͺ ͺͺ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͻ ͺͻ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͲ ͻͲ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͳ ͻͳ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻʹ ͻʹ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͵ ͻ͵ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͶ ͻͶ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͷ ͻͷ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͸ ͻ͸ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͹ ͻ͹ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͷ͹

    ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͺ ͻͺ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͻ ͻͻ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͲ ͳͲͲ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͳ ͳͲͳ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲʹ ͳͲʹ –”‘•„› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͻ ͳͲͻ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳͲ ͳͳͲ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳͳ ͳͳͳ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳʹ ͳͳʹ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ Notelaea longifolia ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳʹ Ͳʹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ͳ͵ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͲͶ ͲͶ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͷ Ͳͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳ͸ Ͳ͸ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͺ Ͳͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͻ Ͳͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ ͳͲ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳ ͳͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ʹͲͳ͹  ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷͲ ͷͲ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ʹͲͳͻ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷͳ   ƒ”‡• ‹ŽŽȋ– ʹͲͳͻ ξ ξ ξ ”‘•„›Ȍ     ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳ ͳ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ʹ ʹ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͷ Ͷ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷ ͷ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴͸ ͸ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴͹ ͹ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͺ ͺ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͷͺ

    ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ ͳͲ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳ ͳͳ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳʹ ͳʹ ƒˆ‘”† ʹͲͳͻ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͳ –Ͳͳ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲʹ –Ͳʹ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ͵ –Ͳ͵ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͶ –ͲͶ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͷ –Ͳͷ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳͲ –ͳͲ –†™ƒ”† ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ ʹʹ͹͵ͳ͹ʹ ‘”––‡’Š‡•ȋȌ ͳͻ͸Ͳ ξ ξ Notelaea microcarpa ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳ͸ͻͺͺ͹͹ ‘‡”•‡– ʹͲͲ͸ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳʹ ͲͶͻʹʹʹͳ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ͳͻͻͻ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͵ ͲͷͷͶͷ͵Ͳ Žƒ†•–‘‡ ʹͲͲͳ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͲͶ ͲͶͲͺͻ͸͹ ‘”–Š—”‡–– ͳͻͺͺ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͸ Ͳ͵ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ    ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͹ Ͳͷ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ    ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͺ Ͳͻ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ    ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͻ ͳʹ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ    ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͲ ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͷ Š‹ Š‹ŽŽƒ ʹͲͳ͹    ξ ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͳ ͳͲͳͶ͹͵͹ ’•™‹ Š ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳʹ Ͳ͹ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͵ ͲͶ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͶ Ͳͺ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͷ ͳͲͳͶ͹ͶͶ Š‹ Š‹ŽŽƒ ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͸ ͳͳ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ʹͲͳͻ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͹ ͳͲͳͶ͹͵͸ ’•™‹ Š ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͺ ͲͺͻͲͲͻʹ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ʹͲͳͲ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͻ Ͳ͹͸ͻ͵͵͸ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ʹͲͲ͸     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͲ Ͳ͹ʹ͸͹͸ͺ ‘‘†‹™‹†‹ ʹͲͲ͸ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͷͻ

    ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͳ Ͳ͹ͺͳͶͶͷ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†• ʹͲͲ͵     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹʹ Ͳ͸ͻͺ͵ͷͷ Ž‹†‡”• ʹͲͲͷ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͵ ͲͺʹʹͲͳ͸ —”™‡Š ʹͲͳͲ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͶ Ͳ͵͹ͻͷͷͲ ‡–‡”ˆ‹‡Ž†ȋȌ ͳͻͺͶ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͷ Ͳͺ͹͸ͺͳ͹ ‘–Š‡”ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ʹͲͳ͸ ξ ȋȌ     ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͸ Ͳ͸͹ͳ͸ͺ͹ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†• ͳͻͻͺ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͹ ͲͺͶͲͷͺͷ –Š‡”‹†‰‡ ʹͲͲͺ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͺ Ͳͺ͵ͷͷͺͻ ‘‘™‘‘„ƒ ʹͲͳ͵     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͻ ͲͶͻ͸͹Ͷ͸ Šƒ”–‡”•–‘™‡”• ʹͲͲͳ     ξ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴͵Ͳ ͲͺͳͶͶͳ͸ ƒŽ‘‡ ʹͲͲͻ  ξ Notelaea neglecta ̴‡‰Ž‡ –ƒ̴Ͳͳ ͳͷͺʹʹͺ͸  ‘—Ž„—”—Ž™ƒ”‡‡ ͳͻͺͷ ξ ξ ξ ξ ȋȌ   ̴‡‰Ž‡ –ƒ̴Ͳʹ ͳͷͻ͹͸ͷͷ ‘—Ž„—”—Ž™ƒ”‡‡ ͳͻͺͻ ξ ξ ξ ȋȌ Notelaea ovata ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳͳ ‘‘Š‡› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳʹ Ͳʹ ‘‘Š‡› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ͳ͵ ‘‘Š‡› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴ͲͶ ͲͶ ‘‘Š‡› ʹͲͳ͹     ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳͷ Ͳͷ ‘‘Š‡› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴͸ ͸ ’”‹‰‘—–ƒ‹ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴ ͳ ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷʹ „„™ ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ Notelaea punctata ̴’— –ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳ͹ͻͶͲ͹ͻ ”‹•„ƒ‡ ʹͲͳͲ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴’— –ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳʹ Ͳ͸ͷʹ͹ͻͺ ”‹•„ƒ‡ ͳͻͻ͹    ξ ξ ̴’— –ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ͳͺͷ͵ͻ͸ͺ ‘‘ ʹͲͳ͵  ξ Notelaea pungens ̴’—‰‡•̴Ͳͳ  Ͳͳ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ ʹͲͳͺ ξ  ξ ξ ξ ̴’—‰‡•̴Ͳʹ  Ͳʹ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ ʹͲͳͺ ξ ξ ξ ξ Notelaea venosa ̴˜‡‘•ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳͺ͵ͺͳͻͳ ‘—–Š‡”‘™• ʹͲͳͷ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴˜‡‘•ƒ̴Ͳʹ Ͳͺ͵͸Ͳͷͳ ‘—–Š‡”‘™• ʹͲͳ͵ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸Ͳ

   ̴˜‡‘•ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ͳͷ͵ͷ͸͹ʹ ƒ•– ‹’’•Žƒ†ȋ Ȍ ͳͻͻͳ    ξ ξ ̴˜‡‘•ƒ̴ͲͶ Ͳ͹͸ͶͲ͸Ͳ ‡–‡”ˆ‹‡Ž†ȋȌ ʹͲͲ͵ ξ Cunningham Highway ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ͳ ͷ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ site ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ʹ ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͳ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™͵ ͳͲͳͶ͹ʹ͹ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™Ͷ Ͳͳ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ͷ Ͳʹ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳͻ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™ͳ ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͺ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹  ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™ʹ ʹ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹ ξ ξ  ξ ξ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™͵ ͳͲͳͶ͹ʹͶ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ʹͲͳ͹    ξ ξ Notelaea sp. Barakula ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ̴Ͳͳ Ͳ͸͹Ͳ͹͵ͺ ƒƒƒ ͳͻͻ͹    ξ ξ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ̴Ͳʹ Ͳͺͷ͵͸͹ͻ ‡•–‡”‘™• ʹͲͳͳ    ξ ξ ƒ”ƒ—Žƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ͳ͸Ͳ͸ͷͶͻ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†• ͳͻͻͻ     ξ Notelaea sp. Elcho Ž Š‘̴ •Žƒ†̴Ͳͳ Ͳ͹ʹͶͳͲͳ ƒ‹”• ʹͲͲ͵ ξ Island  

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸ͳ

’’‡†‹šʹǣ‹•–‘ˆ’”‹‡”•—•‡††—”‹‰–Š‹••–—†›

Gene region Primer Nucleotide sequence Source

atpB-rbcL atpbrbc2 ͷ̵Ǧ   Ǧ͵̵  Šƒ”ƒ• Š‹ƒ†‘›Ž‡ȋʹͲͲͷȌ atpbrbc3 ͷ̵Ǧ       Ǧ͵̵ trnH-psbA psbA3F ͷ̵Ǧ     Ǧ͵̵ ”‡•• et al.ȋʹͲͲͻȌ trnH ͷ̵Ǧ   Ǧ͵̵ trnQ-rps16 trnQ (UUG) ͷ̵Ǧ       Ǧ͵̵ Šƒ™ et al.ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ rpS16x1 ͷ̵Ǧ   Ǧ͵̵ ITS ITSLeu 1 ͷ̵Ǧ   Ǧ͵̵ ‘‰Ǧƒƒ†‡•ƒ”†ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ITS4 ͷ̵Ǧ   Ǧ͵̵  

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸ʹ

’’‡†‹š͵ǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡†‹–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†‰‡‘‡–”‹ ‘”’Š‘‡–”‹ ƒƒŽ›•‡• Morphological Morphometric Species Voucher ID Sample ID Analysis Analysis N. johnsonii Ͷ͵͸ʹͷ͹ Ͳͳ ξ ξ Ͷͺ͵ͳ͸Ͳ Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͺͳͺ͸ʹͳ Ͳ͵ ξ ξ ͷͶͲʹͷ͸ ͲͶ ξ ξ ͵ͶͻͻͳͲ Ͳͷ ξ ξ ͶʹͷͲͻͳ Ͳ͸  ξ Ͷ͵ͳʹʹͶ Ͳ͹  ξ ͵ͻ͸͹ͻ͹ Ͳͺ  ξ ͷͲʹ͸ͷʹ Ͳͻ  ξ ͵ͻ͸ͷͶʹ ͳͲ  ξ N. linearis ͵ʹͺͷͲ͸  Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͷʹʹͲʹ͸  Ͳʹ  ξ ʹͷ͸Ͷͺͺ  Ͳ͵  ξ ͷͺͷͳͶͶ  ͲͶ ξ ξ ͲͶ͹ͻ͸ͷ  Ͳͷ  ξ Ͷ͹ʹͲ͵ʹ  Ͳ͸  ξ Ͷ͹͵͵ͻͺ  Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͷͶͺͳͳͶ  Ͳͺ  ξ ͷ͸ͻͳͺʹ  Ͳͻ ξ ξ ͸Ͷ͹ͳͻͶ  ͳͲ ξ ξ N. lloydii Ͷͺ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͵Ͳ Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͳͳͳ Ͳ͵  ξ ͳͳʹ ͲͶ ξ ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸͵

Ͳ͵ Ͳͷ ξ ξ Ͳͻ Ͳ͸  ξ Ͳͳ Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͳͺ Ͳͺ  ξ ͺͶ Ͳͻ  ξ ͺͷ ͳͲ  ξ N. longifolia Ͳͳ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͲͶ Ͳʹ  ξ Ͳͻ Ͳ͵  ξ ͷ ͲͶ ξ ξ ͳʹ Ͳͷ  ξ ͳ͵ Ͳ͸  ξ ͳͲͳ Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͳͲʹ Ͳͺ  ξ ͳͲ͵ Ͳͻ ξ ξ ͷͲ ͳͲ ξ ξ N. microcarpa ͲͶͺͲͺͺ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͷͲͺͷͶͳ Ͳʹ  ξ Ͷ͵ͷͻ͹ʹ Ͳ͵ ξ ξ Ͷ͵ͳʹͶͲ ͲͶ  ξ ͶͶͳͷ͸ʹ Ͳͷ  ξ ͸ͻͺͺ͹͹ Ͳ͸ ξ ξ Ͷ͵͵͵͸͵ Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͲͶͺͲͻ͵ Ͳͺ  ξ ͲͶͺͲͺ͹ Ͳͻ  ξ ͸Ͷͳ͸ͶͲ ͳͲ ξ ξ ͲͶͺͲͻͶ ͳͳ  ξ ͲͶͺͲͺʹ ͳʹ  ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸Ͷ

N. ovata ͲͶ Ͳͳ ξ ξ Ͳ͹ Ͳʹ ξ ξ Ͳͻ Ͳ͵  ξ ͳͲ ͲͶ  ξ ͸ Ͳͷ ξ ξ ͳͲ Ͳ͸ ξ ξ ʹ Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͳͲͲͳͲʹͷ Ͳͺ  ξ ͸ͷ͹ʹͲͻ Ͳͻ  ξ ͸ʹ  ͳ ξ ξ N. punctata Ͳ͸ͺʹͷ͵ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͳ͹ͲͻͲͶ Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͵͵͹ͺʹͻ Ͳ͵ ξ ξ ͲͶ͹ͻͺ͵ ͲͶ  ξ ͲͶ͹ͻͺͷ Ͳͷ  ξ ͲͶ͹ͷͲͳ Ͳ͸  ξ ͻʹͲͲ͹ͺ Ͳ͹ ξ ξ ͷ͸͸ͳ͸͵ Ͳͺ  ξ Ͷͷͻʹͷͳ Ͳͻ  ξ ͷ͹Ͳͻͳͷ ͳͲ ξ ξ N. pungens ͸ͺͳͶ͵͸  Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͷ͹ʹͶͻͶ  Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͸͹ͲͲʹͺ  Ͳ͵ ξ ξ Ͷͷ͹ͻͲͶ  ͲͶ ξ ξ ͸ͳʹͲ͹ͻ  Ͳͷ ξ ξ Ͷ͹͵Ͷͻͳ  Ͳ͸  ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸ͷ

͸͹ͲͲʹͺ  Ͳ͹  ξ ͵ͻ͹͵ͺͷ  Ͳͺ  ξ ͸Ͷͳͷʹͷ  Ͳͻ  ξ Ͷͺͺ͵ͻͷ  ͳͲ  ξ N. venosa ͺ͵͸Ͳͷͳ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͷ͹ʹͶͷ͹ Ͳʹ ξ ξ Ͷͷͻͳ͸ʹ Ͳ͵ ξ ξ ͸Ͳͳͺͺ͸ ͲͶ ξ ξ ͲͲͳͺ͹ͺ Ͳͷ  ξ ͲͶͺͳͺ͹ Ͳ͸  ξ Ͷ͹ͶͲͲ͸ Ͳ͹  ξ ͷͶ͸ʹ͸͵ Ͳͺ  ξ ͶͻͷͳͻͶ Ͳͻ  ξ ͹͸ͶͲ͸Ͳ ͳͲ ξ ξ N. ipsviciensis ͲͶ͵͸ʹͷͷ Ͳͳ ξ ξ ͲͶͶͳ͸ͺͳ Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͲͶͺͻͻ͵ͳ Ͳ͵  ξ ͲͶͷͶͳͷͳ ͲͶ ξ ξ Cunningham ͷ ̴ ̴‡™ͳ ξ ξ highway site ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͳ ̴ ̴‡™ʹ ξ ξ ͳͲͳͶ͹ʹ͹ ̴ ̴‡™͵ ξ ξ Ͳͳ ̴ ̴‡™Ͷ ξ ξ Ͳʹ ̴ ̴‡™ͷ ξ ξ ͳͲͳͶ͹Ͷͺ ̴ ̴‡™ͳ ξ ξ ʹ ̴ ̴‡™ʹ ξ ξ ͳͲͳͶ͹ʹͶ ̴ ̴‡™͵ ξ ξ ͲͶͺͳʹ͹ Ͳͳ  ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸͸

N. Sp. ͲͶͺͳͶ͵ Ͳʹ  ξ Barakula ͺͶͶͲͲ͸ Ͳ͵  ξ ͸ͷ͹ͷ͸ͺ ͲͶ ξ ξ ͷͻͺͲ͸͹ Ͳͷ ξ ξ ͺͷͺͶ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ ξ ξ ͸ͷ͹ͷ͸͹ Ͳ͹  ξ ͸ͺͳͺͶͻ Ͳͺ  ξ ͸Ͳͷ͸ʹ͸ Ͳͻ ξ ξ ͷͻͺͲ͹Ͳ ͳͲ ξ ξ N. sp. Elcho ͺͷͺ͵ͻͺ Ͳͳ ξ ξ Island ͹ʹͶͳͲͳ Ͳʹ ξ ξ ͲͶͺͲͳͳ Ͳ͵ ξ ξ ͵͹͸ͻ͸ʹ ͲͶ ξ ξ ͵Ͷ͹Ͷͷͳ Ͳͷ ξ ξ ͵ͳͶͲͳͷ Ͳ͸  ξ ͷͻͺͲ͸ͷ Ͳ͹  ξ ͵ͳ͸ͺ͵ͺ Ͳͺ  ξ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸͹

’’‡†‹šͶƒǣ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ƒ†–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•–ƒ–‡•ǤȋŽŽ–Š‡–‡”•—•‡†–‘†‡‘–‡–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•–ƒ–‡•ƒ”‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹•‡†–‡”• ƒ†‘’–‡†ˆ”‘‹’•‘ȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡–‡”•—•‡†—†‡”Ž‡ƒˆ˜‡ƒ–‹‘’ƒ––‡”•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡ƒ†‘’–‡†ˆ”‘ƒ—ƒŽ‘ˆ‡ƒˆ” Š‹–‡ –—”‡ ȋͳͻͻͻȌȌ Character Character Character Character states type No. Habit ‘‹ƒŽ ͳ Š”—„„‡Ž‘™ͳǤͷαͳǡ”—„•ƒ„‘˜‡ͳǤͷαʹǡ”‡‡• α͵ Hairs on young branchlets ”†‹ƒŽ ʹ „•‡–αͳǡ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›’”‡•‡–αʹǡ’”‡•‡–α͵ young leaf surface ”†‹ƒŽ ͵ Žƒ„”‡• ‡–αͳǡ’—„‡”—Ž‡–αʹǡŠƒ‹”›α͵ Leaf outline Leaf shape ‘‹ƒŽ Ͷ ƒ””‘™Ž›Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡–‘Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡αͳǡŽƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡–‘ ™‹†‡Ž›Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡αʹǡ™‹†‡Ž›Žƒ ‡‘Žƒ–‡–‘‘˜ƒ–‡α͵ǡ ‘˜ƒ–‡ –‘ ™‹†‡Ž› ‘˜ƒ–‡ αͶǡ ƒ””‘™Ž› ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹  αͷǡ ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ –‘™‹†‡Ž›‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ α͸ǡ•–”ƒ’Ǧ•Šƒ’‡†–‘Ž‹‡ƒ” α͹ǡŽ‹‡ƒ”–‘ƒ””‘™Ž›‘„Ž‘‰αͺǡ‘„Ž‘‰αͻ Leaf tip ‘‹ƒŽ ͷ  —‹ƒ–‡αͳǡƒ””‘™Ž›ƒ —–‡ αʹǡƒ —–‡α͵ǡ‘„–—•‡αͶǡ”‘—†‡†αͷǡ —•’‹†ƒ–‡α͸ Spiny tip ‹ƒ”› ͸ „•‡–αͳǡ’”‡•‡–α͵ Leaf base ‘‹ƒŽ ͹ ––‡—ƒ–‡ αͳǡ ƒ””‘™Ž› —‡ƒ–‡ αʹǡ —‡ƒ–‡ α͵ǡ ‘„–—•‡αͶǡ”‘—†‡†αͷǡ ‘”†ƒ–‡α͸ Tapering towards petiole ‘‹ƒŽ ͺ ‡˜‡”αͳǡ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›αʹǡ’”‘‹‡–Ž›αͳ Leaf margin ”†‹ƒŽ ͻ ”‡—Žƒ–‡αͳǡŽ‹‰Š–Ž› ”‡—Žƒ–‡αʹǡ‡ƒ”Ž›‡–‹”‡α͵ Leaf surface Above ”†‹ƒŽ ͳͲ Žƒ„”‡• ‡–αͳǡ’—„‡”—Ž‡–αʹǡŠƒ‹”›α͵ Below ”†‹ƒŽ ͳͳ Žƒ„”‡• ‡–αͳǡ’—„‡”—Ž‡–αʹǡŠƒ‹”›α͵ Punctate leaf lamina Above ”†‹ƒŽ ͳʹ ‡˜‡” α ͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ’— –ƒ–‡αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ’— –ƒ–‡αͳ Below ”†‹ƒŽ ͳ͵ ‡˜‡”αͳǡ•Ž‹‰Š–Ž›αʹǡ’”‘‹‡–Ž›αͳ Midrib Midrib clear Above ‹ƒ”› ͳͶ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸ͺ

Below ‹ƒ”› ͳͷ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ Midrib raised Above ”†‹ƒŽ ͳ͸ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Below ”†‹ƒŽ ͳ͹ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Secondary Venation clear Above ‹ƒ”› ͳͺ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ venation Below ‹ƒ”› ͳͻ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ Venation raised Above ”†‹ƒŽ ʹͲ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Below ”†‹ƒŽ ʹͳ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Tertiary Venation clear Above ‹ƒ”› ʹʹ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ venation Below ‹ƒ”› ʹ͵ ‘αͳǡ›‡•αʹ Venation raised Above ”†‹ƒŽ ʹͶ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Below ”†‹ƒŽ ʹͷ ‘ αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† αʹǡ ’”‘‹‡–Ž› ”ƒ‹•‡† α͵ǡ ‰”‘‘˜‡†αͶ Venation pattern Secondary ‘‹ƒŽ ʹ͸ Ž‡ƒ”Ž› „”‘ Š‹†‘†”‘‘—• αͳǡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› „”‘ Š‹†‘†”‘‘—•αʹǡˆ‡•–‘‘‡†„”‘ Š‹†‘†”‘‘—• α͵ Tertiary ‘‹ƒŽ ʹ͹ Ž–‡”ƒ–‡ ’‡” —””‡– αͳǡ ”ƒ†‘ ”‡–‹ —Žƒ–‡ αʹǡ ”‡‰—Žƒ”’‘Ž›‰‘”‡–‹ —Žƒ–‡α͵ǡ‘–ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡αͶ Quaternary ‘‹ƒŽ ʹͺ ‘– Ž‡ƒ” αͳǡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‡ ’‡” —””‡– αʹǡ ”‡‰—Žƒ” ’‘Ž›‰‘”‡–‹ —Žƒ–‡α͵ǡ†‹ Š‘–‘‹•‹‰αͶ Quinary ‘‹ƒŽ ʹͻ ‘– Ž‡ƒ”αͳǡ’‘Ž›‰‘”‡–‹ —Žƒ–‡αʹǡ†‹ Š‘–‘‹•‹‰ α͵ Areoles ”†‹ƒŽ ͵Ͳ ƒ ‹‰ αͳǡ ‘†‡”ƒ–‡Ž› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† αʹǡ ™‡ŽŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†α͵

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͸ͻ

Secondary vein angle to midrib Lower Ǧ ͵ͳ ƒŽŽ‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡ boundary Upper Ǧ ͵ʹ ƒ”‰‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡ boundary range Ǧ ͵͵ ƒ”‰‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡Ǧ•ƒŽŽ‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡ Average Ǧ ͵Ͷ ȋŽƒ”‰‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡Ϊ•ƒŽŽ‡•–ƒ‰Ž‡ȌȀʹ Leaf dimensions Length Ǧ ͵ͷ ‡ƒˆ–‹’–‘„ƒ•‡Ž‡‰–Š‹  Width Ǧ ͵͸ ™‹†–Šƒ–™‹†‡•–ƒ ”‘••™‹†‡•–’‘‹–‹  Length: Ǧ ͵͹ ‡‰–ŠȀ™‹†–Š width ratio  

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹Ͳ

Appendix 4b. ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒƒ–”‹šȋ’ƒ”– ǣŠƒ”ƒ –‡”•ͳȂͳͻȌ—•‡†‹–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠƒ”ƒ –‡”—„‡”• ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ’’‡†‹šͶƒǤ ”‘›•ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘•ƒ’Ž‡• ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ’’‡†‹š͵ȋǫᏋ••‹‰†ƒ–ƒȌ  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 VEN01 ͵ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͸ ͳ ͷ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ VEN02 ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ VEN03 ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ VEN04 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ VEN10 ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ JHN01 ʹ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͸ ͳ Ͷ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ JHN02 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ JHN03 ʹ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ JHN04 ǫ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ JHN05 ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ͳ Ͷ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ LON01 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ LON04 ͵ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͳ Ͷ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ LON07 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ Ͷ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ LON09 ͵ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ LON10 ͵ ͵ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ǫ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ PNT01 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ PNT02 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ PNT03 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ PNT07 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͷ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ PNT10 ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ELC01 ǫ ͳ ͳ ͵ Ͷ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ELC02 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͷ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹ͳ

ELC03 ǫ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ELC04 ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ELC05 ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ OVT01 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ OVT02 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ OVT05 ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ OVT06 ͳ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ OVT07 ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ͷ ͳ ͳ Ͷ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ OVTG1 ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ IPS01 ͳ ͵ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ IPS02 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ IPS04 ͳ ͵ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ IPS_HWY_New4 ͳ ͵ ͵ ͷ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ IPS_HWY_New5 ͳ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͷ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ IPS_HWY_New1 ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ IPS_HWY_New2 ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ IPS_HWY_New3 ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ LL_HWY_New1 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LL_HWY_New2 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LL_HWY_New3 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LLO01 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LLO02 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LLO04 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LLO05 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ LLO07 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ MCR01 ǫ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ MCR03 ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹ʹ

MCR06 ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ MCR07 ͵ ʹ ͷ ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ MCR10 ʹ ʹ ͸ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ LIN01 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ LIN02 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ LIN03 ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ͳ LIN04 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ LIN05 ͳ ʹ ͳ ͹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ PNG01 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ PNG02 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ PNG03 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ʹ PNG04 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ PNG05 ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ ͳ BRK04 ǫ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ BRK05 ǫ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ BRK06 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ BRK09 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͸ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ BRK10 ǫ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ                    

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹͵

Appendix 4c. ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒƒ–”‹šȋ’ƒ”– ǣŠƒ”ƒ –‡”•ʹͲǦ͵͹Ȍ—•‡†‹–Š‡‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠƒ”ƒ –‡”—„‡”• ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ’’‡†‹šͶƒǤ ”‘›•ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘• ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ’’‡†‹š͵ȋǫᏋ••‹‰†ƒ–ƒȌ 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 VEN01 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͸Ͳ ͹Ͳ ͳͲ ͸ͷ ͺǤͳͺ ʹǤͶͳ ͵Ǥ͵ͻ VEN02 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ Ͷͷ ͹Ͳ ʹͷ ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͸Ǥͳ ʹǤͳ͸ ʹǤͺ͵ VEN03 ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͸Ͳ ͺͲ ʹͲ ͹Ͳ ͻǤ͵͸ ͵ǤʹͶ ʹǤͺͻ VEN04 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͸Ͳ ͹Ͳ ͳͲ ͸ͷ ͺǤͲʹ ͵Ǥʹʹ ʹǤͶͻ VEN10 ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͷͲ ͹Ͳ ʹͲ ͸Ͳ ͻǤͷʹ ʹǤ͸ʹ ͵Ǥ͸Ͷ JHN01 Ͷ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͺͲ ͵Ͳ ͸ͷ ͳʹǤ͸ ͶǤͺ͹ ʹǤͷͻ JHN02 Ͷ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ǫ ͷͲ ͺͲ ͵Ͳ ͸ͷ ͺǤ͹͹ ʹǤ͸ͳ ͵Ǥ͵͸ JHN03 Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ Ͷ ʹ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͺͲ ͵Ͳ ͸ͷ ͳͲǤ͸ ͵Ǥ͵͵ ͵Ǥʹ JHN04 Ͷ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͷͲ ͺͲ ͵Ͳ ͸ͷ ͳ͵ ͷǤͲͺ ʹǤͷͷ JHN05 Ͷ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͷͲ ͺͲ ͵Ͳ ͸ͷ ͻǤͺͳ ͶǤ͵Ͷ ʹǤʹ͸ LON01 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͳͷ ͵͹Ǥͷ ͳͲǤͶ ʹǤͺ͵ ͵Ǥ͸͹ LON04 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͳͷ ͵͹Ǥͷ ͳͳǤ͸ ͵Ǥͷ͵ ͵Ǥʹͺ LON07 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͳͲ ͵͹Ǥͷ ͳͳǤͷ ͳǤʹͻ ͺǤͻ͵ LON09 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͳͷ ͵͹Ǥͷ ͻǤͶ ʹǤ͸ʹ ͵Ǥͷͻ LON10 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͳͷ ͵͹Ǥͷ ͺǤ͹͹ ʹǤͲ͸ ͶǤʹ͸ PNT01 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳͷǤʹ ͵Ǥͳʹ ͶǤͺ͸ PNT02 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳͳǤͳ ʹ ͷǤͷͷ PNT03 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͷ Ͷͷ ͳͲǤ͹ ͵ǤͲʹ ͵ǤͷͶ PNT07 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳ͵Ǥ͸ ͵Ǥͳʹ ͶǤ͵͸ PNT10 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳͶǤͶ ͶǤͷ͵ ͵Ǥͳͻ ELC01 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳͲǤʹ ͵Ǥͷͺ ʹǤͺͶ ELC02 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ ͷͲ ͸Ͳ ͳͲ ͷͷ ͳʹǤͶ ͵ǤͶͷ ͵Ǥͷͺ ELC03 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͷ Ͷͷ ͳͲǤ͸ ʹǤͳͻ ͶǤͺ͸

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹Ͷ

ELC04 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͳ͵Ǥͻ ͵Ǥͷ ͵Ǥͻ͹ ELC05 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͳ ǫ ͶͲ ͷͲ ͳͲ Ͷͷ ͻǤͷ ʹǤ͵ͳ ͶǤͳͳ OVT01 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͹Ǥͺͳ ʹǤͺʹ ʹǤ͹͹ OVT02 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͸Ǥ͵ͺ ʹǤͻͷ ʹǤͳ͸ OVT05 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͷǤͺͻ ʹǤ͸ͳ ʹǤʹ͸ OVT06 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͸ǤͶ ʹǤͶ͹ ʹǤͷͻ OVT07 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͶǤͶ͸ ʹǤ͸ͺ ͳǤ͸͸ OVTG1 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ Ͷͷ ͺͲ ͵ͷ ͸ʹǤͷ ͶǤͶͳ ͳǤ͵͸ ͵Ǥʹͷ IPS01 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͷͲ ͹Ͳ ʹͲ ͸Ͳ ͹ǤͶ͹ ͳǤͲͺ ͸Ǥͻͳ IPS02 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ Ͷͷ ͹Ͳ ʹͷ ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͸Ǥ͵ͷ ͲǤͻ͵ ͸Ǥͺ͵ IPS04 ͵ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͷͲ ͻͲ ͶͲ ͹Ͳ ͸ǤͲͻ ͲǤͻͻ ͸Ǥͳͷ IPS_HWY_New4 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͹Ͳ ʹͷ ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͶǤ͹ ͳǤͳͷ ͶǤͲͻ IPS_HWY_New5 ͵ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͵ ͳ ͵ ͳ ͵ Ͷͷ ͹Ͳ ʹͷ ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͸Ǥʹ ͳǤͷͺ ͵ǤͻͶ IPS_HWY_New1 ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͹Ͳ ͷͲ Ͷͷ ͻǤͲ͹ ͳǤͶͳ ͸ǤͶͷ IPS_HWY_New2 ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͻͲ ͹Ͳ ͷͷ ͺǤ͹ͺ ͲǤͺͳ ͳͲǤͻ IPS_HWY_New3 ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͵ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͻͲ Ͷͷ ͸͹Ǥͷ ͺǤ͵͵ ͳǤͳʹ ͹ǤͶ͵ LL_HWY_New1 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͸Ͳ ͵ͷ ͶʹǤͷ ͹Ǥ͹ʹ ͲǤͶͷ ͳ͹Ǥͳ LL_HWY_New2 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͸Ͳ ͵ͷ ͶʹǤͷ ͹Ǥͷ͹ ͲǤͷ͵ ͳͶǤͶ LL_HWY_New3 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͸Ͳ ͵ͷ ͶʹǤͷ ͷǤ͹ ͲǤʹ͸ ʹͳǤͻ LLO01 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͹Ͳ Ͷͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͹ǤͶ͵ ͲǤͳͺ ͶͳǤ͵ LLO02 ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͸Ͳ ͵ͷ ͶʹǤͷ ͳͶǤͷ ͲǤ͵ ͶͻǤʹ LLO04 ͵ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͷ ͸Ͳ ͵ͷ ͶʹǤͷ ͳͶǤͶ ͲǤʹ͸ ͷͷǤͷ LLO05 ͵ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹͷ ͺͲ ͷͷ ͷʹǤͷ ͳ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤͶͺ ʹ͹ǤͶ LLO07 ͵ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹͷ ͹Ͳ Ͷͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͺǤͷͷ ͲǤ͹ͳ ͳʹǤͳ MCR01 ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͵Ͳ ͳͲ ʹͷ ͹Ǥ͸ ͲǤͻͻ ͹Ǥ͹ʹ MCR03 ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͸Ͳ ͶͲ ͶͲ ͺǤͺ͹ ͳǤͳͷ ͹Ǥ͹ͳ MCR06 ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ Ͷͷ ʹͷ ͵ʹǤͷ ͳͲǤ͵ ͳǤ͹͹ ͷǤͺͶ

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹ͷ

MCR07 ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͵Ͳ ͳͲ ʹͷ ͺǤͺͺ ͳǤͻͷ ͶǤͷ͸ MCR10 ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ʹͲ ͵ͷ ͳͷ ʹ͹Ǥͷ ͳͲǤʹ ͲǤͺͷ ͳʹ LIN01 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ͵ǤͲ͸ ͲǤʹ͵ ͳ͵Ǥ͵ LIN02 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ͷǤͻ͸ ͲǤ͵ͺ ͳͷǤ͹ LIN03 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͻͲ Ͷͷ ͸͹Ǥͷ ͹Ǥͷͻ ͲǤͷͳ ͳͶǤͻ LIN04 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ͸Ǥͺͷ ͲǤͷ͵ ͳ͵ LIN05 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ͶǤͺ͹ ͲǤͶͷ ͳͲǤͺ PNG01 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ʹǤ͸ͳ ͲǤ͵͹ ͹ǤͳͶ PNG02 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ͳǤͶͳ ͲǤʹͺ ͷǤͳ͵ PNG03 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ʹǤʹ͵ ͲǤ͵ͳ ͹Ǥ͵ͳ PNG04 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ʹǤ͸ ͲǤ͵ͷ ͹ǤͶͳ PNG05 ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ͳ ͳ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ǫ ʹǤ͸Ͷ ͲǤͶ͸ ͷǤ͹ͻ BRK04 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͷͲ ͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͻǤʹ͹ ʹǤʹͶ ͶǤͳͶ BRK05 ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͷͲ ͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͷǤ͵ͷ ͳǤ͹Ͷ ͵ǤͲͺ BRK06 ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ ͶͲ ͸Ͳ ʹͲ ͷͲ ͺǤ͸ͷ ͳǤͺͺ ͶǤ͸ͳ BRK09 ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͷͲ ͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͹Ǥͺͻ ͵ǤͲͳ ʹǤ͸͵ BRK10 ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ ǫ Ͷͷ ͷͲ ͷ Ͷ͹Ǥͷ ͹ǤͶͻ ʹǤ͵͹ ͵Ǥͳ͸ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹͸

 ’’‡†‹š ͷƒǣ Š‡ ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’ †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ›‡•‹ƒ ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‡–Š‘† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’‘•–‡”‹‘” ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡Ǥ  

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹͹

 ’’‡†‹šͷ„ǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘„‹‡† ’†ƒ–ƒ•‡– ™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒš‹— ’ƒ”•‹‘› ƒƒŽ›•‹• ȋȌ ™‹–Š „‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹ͺ

 ’’‡†‹š͸ƒǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡trnH-psbA †ƒ–ƒ•‡–•™‹–Š‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡•Ǥ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳ͹ͻ

  ’’‡†‹š͸„ǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡atpB-rbcL†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•™‹–Š‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡•Ǥ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͲ

  ’’‡†‹š͸ǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘†ȋ Ǧ Ȍƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡trnQ-rps16 †ƒ–ƒ•‡–•™‹–Š‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡•Ǥ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ    

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͳ



 ’’‡†‹š ͹ƒǣ Š‡ ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ITS †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ›‡•‹ƒ ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‡–Š‘† ȋ”ƒ›‡•Ȍ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’‘•–‡”‹‘” ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡  

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺʹ

 ’’‡†‹š ͹„ǣ Š‡ ‘•‡•—• –”‡‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ITS †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š ‹†‡Ž ƒ–”‹ ‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹—’ƒ”•‹‘›ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹™‹–Š„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ ͵ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺ͵

’’‡†‹šͺƒǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌ ƒ† ͳͲǡͲͲͲ „‘‘–•–”ƒ’ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ITS †ƒ–ƒ •‡– ™‹–Š‘—– ‹†‡Ž ‘†‹‰ƒ–”‹šǤ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͶ

 ’’‡†‹šͺ„ǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ITS †ƒ–ƒ•‡–™‹–Š’ƒ”–‹–‹‘‡† ƒƒŽ›•‹•™‹–Š ‘†‹‰ƒ†‘Ǧ ‘†‹‰”‡‰‹‘•Ǥ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡—Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͷ

 ’’‡†‹šͻƒǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡atpB-rbcL ”‡‰‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡™‹–Š‘—–”‡‘˜‹‰–Š‡‹˜‡”–‡†”‡’‡ƒ–Ǥ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺ͸



 ’’‡†‹š ͻ„ǣ  •‡“—‡ ‡ ƒŽ‹‰‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ atpB-rbcL ”‡‰‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡™‹–Š–Š‡‹˜‡”–‡†”‡’‡ƒ–  

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺ͹

 ’’‡†‹šͻ„ǣŠ‡ ‘•‡•—•–”‡‡‹ˆ‡””‡†„›–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‡–Š‘† ȋ ǦȌƒ†ͳͲǡͲͲͲ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡atpB-rbcL ”‡‰‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž› Ž‡ƒ ‡ƒ‡ƒˆ–‡””‡‘˜‹‰–Š‡‹˜‡”–‡†”‡’‡ƒ–Ǥ—„‡”•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘†‡”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡ —Ž–”ƒˆƒ•–Ǧ„‘‘–•–”ƒ’˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͺ

 ’’‡†‹šͳͲǣ‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•—•‡†‹’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‰‡‡–‹ •ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ•ƒ’Ž‡ •ƒ”‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•’‡ ‹‡•‰‹˜‡‹’’‡†‹šͳȌ Species Sample ID location/population N. lloydii ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͳ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳʹ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͵ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͷ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͸ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳ͹ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͺ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͳͻ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳʹ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳ͵ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͺ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͻ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͲ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͳ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹʹ • ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹ͵ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͶ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹ͹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͺ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ʹͻ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵Ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ͳ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ʹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵͵ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵Ͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵ͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͵͸ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷͷ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷ͸ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴Ͷ͹ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͲ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷʹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷ͵ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͶ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷ͹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͷͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͸Ͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͸ͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹Ͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ”

’’‡†‹š  ͳͺͻ

̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹͸ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹͹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴͹ͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͲ Š‘Ž‘ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͳ Š‘Ž‘ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺʹ Š‘Ž‘ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͵ Š‘Ž‘ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͶ Š‘Ž‘ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͷ „„™ ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͸ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺ͹ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͺ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͺͻ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͲ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͳ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻʹ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͵ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͶ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͷ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͸ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻ͹ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͺ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͻͻ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͲ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͳ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲʹ –”‘•„› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͲͻ –†™ƒ”† ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳͲ –†™ƒ”† ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳͳ –†™ƒ”† ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ͳͳʹ –†™ƒ”† N. longifolia ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳʹ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͲͶ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͷ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳ͸ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͺ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͳͻ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳ Ž‘›†‹”†ƒ” ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷͲ ‘‰‰‹ŽŽ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷͳ ƒ”‡• ‹ŽŽȋ–”‘•„›Ȍ ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ʹ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴Ͷ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͷ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴͸ ƒˆ‘”†

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͲ

̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴͹ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͺ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳʹ ƒˆ‘”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͳ –†™ƒ”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲʹ –†™ƒ”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲ͵ –†™ƒ”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͶ –†™ƒ”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͲͷ –†™ƒ”† ̴Ž‘‰‹ˆ‘Ž‹ƒ̴ͳͳͲ –†™ƒ”† N. microcarpa ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͳ ‘‡”•‡– ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳʹ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͵ Žƒ†•–‘‡ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͲͶ ‘”–Š—”‡–– ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͸ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳ͹ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͺ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴Ͳͻ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͲ Š‹ Š‹ŽŽƒ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͳ ’•™‹ Š ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳʹ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͵ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͶ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͷ Š‹ Š‹ŽŽƒ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͸ ‘ ‡”˜ƒŽŽ‡› ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳ͹ ’•™‹ Š ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͺ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ͳͻ ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ†• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͲ ‘‘†‹™‹†‹ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͳ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹʹ Ž‹†‡”• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͵ —”™‡Š ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͶ ‡–‡”ˆ‹‡Ž†ȋȌ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͷ  ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͸ ‡–”ƒŽŠ‹‰ŠŽƒ†• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹ͹ –Š‡”‹†‰‡ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͺ ‘‘™‘‘„ƒ ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴ʹͻ Šƒ”–‡”•–‘™‡”• ̴‹ ”‘ ƒ”’ƒ̴͵Ͳ ƒŽ‘‡ N. ovata ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳͳ ‘‘Š‡› ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳʹ ‘‘Š‡› ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳ͵ ‘‘Š‡› ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴ͲͶ ‘‘Š‡› ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴Ͳͷ ‘‘Š‡› ̴‘˜ƒ–ƒ̴ ͳ „„™ Cunningham Highway ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ͳ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ʹ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™͵ ‹‰Š™ƒ›

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͳ

̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™Ͷ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴‹’•˜‹ ‹‡•‹•̴ ̴‡™ͷ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™ͳ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™ʹ ‹‰Š™ƒ› ̴ŽŽ‘›†‹‹̴ ̴‡™͵ ‹‰Š™ƒ›  

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻʹ

 ’’‡†‹šͳͳǣŠ‡’Ž‘–‘ˆ–Š‡’‘•–‡”‹‘”’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‘–›’‡ Žƒ••‡•–‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‡™ ›„”‹†•Ǥƒ Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ „ƒ” ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ Ž‡‰–Š ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ͳǤͲǡ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ „ƒ” ‘ —’‹‡† „› ‡ƒ Š ‘Ž‘—” ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ„‡Ž‘‰•–‘–Š‡‰‡‘–›’‡ˆ”‡“—‡ › ƒ–‡‰‘”›†‡‘–‡†„›–Šƒ– ‘Ž‘—”ȋͳǣͳ•–’—–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”‡–ǡʹǣʹ†’—–ƒ–‹˜‡

’ƒ”‡–ǡ ͳǡͳ•–‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ›„”‹†•ǡ ʹǣʹ†‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ›„”‹†•ǡ ͳšͳǣ„ƒ  ”‘••‡†Š›„”‹†•™‹–Šͳǡ ͳšʹǣ„ƒ  ”‘••‡†Š›„”‹†•

™‹–ŠʹǡǣN. lloydiiǡǣN. microcarpaǡǣN. ovataǡ ̴‡™ǣ•ƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š™ƒ›Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘Ȍ

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻ͵

’’‡†‹šͳʹǣ‡‹ǯ• •–˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽǡ•Šƒ†‡†‹‰”‡›Ȍƒ†‡‹ǯ•‰‡‡–‹  †‹•–ƒ ‡•ȋ—’’‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ„‡–™‡‡–Š‡N. lloydii’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•

LL_Esk LL_MtCr LL_LB LL_Moggill LL_Kholo LL_MtEd  LL_Esk ͲǤͲʹͶʹ ͲǤͲʹ͹Ͳ ͲǤͲʹͻ͸ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ͹ ͲǤͲͶͳͺ  LL_MtCr ͲǤͲͻʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͻͻ ͲǤͲͳͺ͹ ͲǤͲʹʹͲ ͲǤͲͶʹ͸  LL_LB ͲǤͳͲͷͻ ͲǤͲ͹ͳͻ ͲǤͲʹ͵ͷ ͲǤͲʹͷͺ ͲǤͲͶ͵͵  LL_Moggill ͲǤͳʹͳʹ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ͸ ͲǤͲͻ͵͵  ͲǤͲʹ͸ͺ ͲǤͲͶͺͷ LL_Kholo ͲǤͲͺ͹͹ ͲǤͲͶͶʹ ͲǤͲ͸ͷͷ ͲǤͲ͹͵ͻ ͲǤͲͶͺͶ  LL_MtEd ͲǤͳ͵ʹ͹ ͲǤͳ͵ͷ͸ ͲǤͳͶͳͺ ͲǤͳ͹ͲͶ ͲǤͳ͵Ͳͷ  

’’‡†‹š ͳ͵ǣ ƒ‹”™‹•‡ •– ˜ƒŽ—‡• ȋŽ‘™‡” †‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ ƒ† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ȋ—’’‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌƒ‘‰–Š‡N. longifolia’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• LO_LB LO_SERF LO_MtEd LO_LB ͷͻǤͳͻ ͷͻǤʹͲ  LO_SERF ͲǤͲʹ͹ʹ ͹͹Ǥͺͳ  LO_MtEd ͲǤͲͷͻʹ ͲǤͲͷͶͳ    

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͶ

’’‡†‹šͳͶƒǣƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ

N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ ESK 01 02 03 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 18 19 20 21 N_lloydii_ 01                 N_lloydii_ 02 ͲǤͲͶͶ                N_lloydii_ 03 ͲǤͲͺͳ ͲǤʹʹʹ               N_lloydii_ 05 ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲ͸͸              N_lloydii_ 06 ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͳʹ͹ ͲǤͲͻ͵ ͲǤͲ͵͹             N_lloydii_ 07 ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲͷͷ ͲǤͲͷͺ ͲǤͲͻͻ ͲǤͲͷͻ            N_lloydii_ 08 ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲ͹Ͳ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͷͲ ͲǤͲ͵ͷ           N_lloydii_ 09 ͲǤͲ͹͸ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲ͵ͺ ͲǤͳͲͺ ͲǤͲͷ͹ ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ          N_lloydii_ 10 ͲǤͲ͵͹ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲͷͶ ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲ͹͵ ͲǤͲͺͳ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲʹ͸         N_lloydii_ 11 ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲ͸ʹ ͲǤͲͷʹ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲͺͶ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͳͲͲ      N_lloydii_ 12 ͲǤͲͺͺ ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲ͸Ͷ ͲǤͳͳʹ ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͳ͵ʹ ͲǤͲͷͷ ͲǤͲʹʹ   N_lloydii_ 13 ͲǤͲͶʹ ͲǤͲͻͶ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͻͳ ͲǤͲ͸͸ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤʹ͵͵ ͲǤͳ͹ͳ ͲǤͲʹ͸ N_lloydii_ 18 ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲʹͷ     N_lloydii_ 19 ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲͺͷ ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͲͷͶ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲͳͲ    N_lloydii_ 20 ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲͶ͵ ͲǤͳ͸͵ ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͲ͹ʹ ͲǤͲ͵ͳ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲ͸ͳ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲͺͷ ͲǤͲ͹͹ ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲ͹͸   N_lloydii_ 21 ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͳͷͻ ͲǤͳͲͷ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͳͶͶ ͲǤͲͺͲ ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͻͲ ͲǤͲͺͺ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͳʹ͸ ͲǤͲ͸͵ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲͷ͹  N_lloydii_ 22 ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲͷͺ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲʹͲ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͷ

’’‡†‹šͳͶ„ǣ’ƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘‘—–”‘•„›

N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ MtCr _86 _87 _88 _89 _90 _91 _92 _93 _94 _95 _96 _97 _98 _99 100 101 N_lloydii_ 86                 N_lloydii_ 87 ͲǤͲͳͺ                N_lloydii_ 88 ͲǤͲ͵͵ ͲǤͲͳͻ               N_lloydii_ 89 ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͳͳͺ              N_lloydii_ 90 ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲ͵ͻ ͲǤͲͳͷ ͲǤͲͳͷ             N_lloydii_ 91 ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲͲ͸            N_lloydii_ 92 ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͲͶ͵ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͳͳͶ           N_lloydii_ 93 ͲǤͲ͸͸ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲ͵ͳ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲ͸ͳ ͲǤͲͳͷ          N_lloydii_ 94 ͲǤͲͳͷ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲͲ͹         N_lloydii_ 95 ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲͳͻ      N_lloydii_ 96 ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲͶ͹ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲ͹ͳ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͳͶ   N_lloydii_ 97 ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲͷͺ N_lloydii_ 98 ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲ͹͵ ͲǤͲ͵͹ ͲǤͲͲͶ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲͷʹ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲͺͶ ͲǤͲͺͷ     N_lloydii_ 99 ͲǤͲͲ͸ ͲǤͲͲ͸ ͲǤͲͲͶ ͲǤͲͲʹ ͲǤͲͲ͵ ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲͲʹ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲͲ͸ ͲǤͲͲͺ ͲǤͲͲ͵ ͲǤͲͲ͵    N_lloydii_ 100 ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲͶʹ ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲ͹͵ ͲǤͳͳͻ   N_lloydii_ 101 ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲ͵ͷ ͲǤͳͲͺ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͳͶͲ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͲ͵ ͲǤͲͲͻ  N_lloydii_ 102 ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲͷʹ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲͻͺ ͲǤͲͲͺ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͲͻͷ ͲǤͲͺʹ ͲǤͲͲ͸ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲʹ͵  

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻ͸

’’‡†‹šͳͶ ǣƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘Ž‘›†‹”†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒ”

N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ LB 50 51 52 53 54 57 58 59 60 61 74 75 76 77 78 N_lloydii_ 50 N_lloydii_ 51 ͲǤͳʹͲ               N_lloydii_ 52 ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ              N_lloydii_ 53 ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲ͵ͷ ͲǤͲͳͺ             N_lloydii_ 54 ͲǤͳͳ͵ ͲǤͳͳͺ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲͳͻ            N_lloydii_ 57 ͲǤͳͳ͵ ͲǤͳͳͷ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͳʹ͸           N_lloydii_ 58 ͲǤͲ͸ʹ ͲǤͳͲͺ ͲǤͲͶ͵ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲ͹͸ ͲǤͳͲ͸          N_lloydii_ 59 ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲͷͷ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲͶʹ ͲǤͲͻͶ         N_lloydii_ 60 ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͲͲͶ ͲǤͲͲͲ ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͲʹ͵        N_lloydii_ 61 ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲ͸Ͷ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲ͹ͳ ͲǤͳ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲ͵ͺ      N_lloydii_ 74 ͲǤͲ͹Ͳ ͲǤͳ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲͺ͹ ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲͻͳ ͲǤͲ͹ͻ ͲǤͳͳͲ ͲǤͲͺ͸ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͲͺͳ   N_lloydii_ 75 ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͲͳͷ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲ͵͹ N_lloydii_ 76 ͲǤͲ͸͹ ͲǤͳͳ͵ ͲǤͲͶ͹ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͲ͸͵ ͲǤͲͻͳ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͷͻ ͲǤͳͳͳ ͲǤͲͳͲ    N_lloydii_ 77 ͲǤͲ͸Ͷ ͲǤͲͺͺ ͲǤͲ͵͹ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͷͺ ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͳͲͳ ͲǤͲ͸ͷ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͳͲͻ ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲͻ͵   N_lloydii_ 78 ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲͳ͸ ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲͲ͵ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲ͹͵ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲʹͷ  N_lloydii_ 79 ͲǤͲͲ͸ ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲͲͺ ͲǤͲͲ͹ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͲ͹ͻ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲͺʹ  

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻ͹

’’‡†‹šͳͶ†ǣƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘‘‰‰‹ŽŽ

N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ N_lloydii_ Moggill 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 45 46 N_lloydii_ 23                N_lloydii_ 24 ͲǤͲͶ͵               N_lloydii_ 25 ͲǤͲ͵ͻ ͲǤʹʹͲ              N_lloydii_ 27 ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤʹͳ͹ ͲǤʹ͵Ͳ             N_lloydii_ 28 ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͳ͵ʹ ͲǤʹͳͳ ͲǤͳʹͶ            N_lloydii_ 29 ͲǤͲ͵͸ ͲǤͳ͵͵ ͲǤʹʹͻ ͲǤͳͷ͸ ͲǤͳͲ͸           N_lloydii_ 30 ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲͶͷ ͲǤͲͺ͸ ͲǤͲͷͲ ͲǤͲ͵ͳ ͲǤͲ͹Ͷ          N_lloydii_ 31 ͲǤͲͺͺ ͲǤͲͷʹ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲ͸Ͳ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͷͺ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ         N_lloydii_ 32 ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲ͹ͺ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲ͸͸ ͲǤͳͻͺ ͲǤͲͺʹ        N_lloydii_ 33 ͲǤͲͻ͸ ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͳ ͲǤͲʹͶ ͲǤͲ͵ͻ ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͲ͵ͺ      N_lloydii_ 34 ͲǤͲʹ͹ ͲǤͲ͸ͳ ͲǤͳʹ͵ ͲǤͲ͸Ͳ ͲǤͲͷͳ ͲǤͲ͹͵ ͲǤͲ͹ͺ ͲǤͲ͹ͷ ͲǤͲͺ͸ ͲǤͲͶͳ   N_lloydii_ 35 ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲ͵ͷ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͲͶ͸ ͲǤͲͷ͵ ͲǤͲͻͷ N_lloydii_ 36 ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ ͲǤͲͶʹ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ ͲǤͲ͵ͷ ͲǤͲʹͻ ͲǤͲ͵ͻ ͲǤͲ͸͵ ͲǤͲ͸͹ ͲǤͲͷ͵    N_lloydii_ 45 ͲǤͲ͵ʹ ͲǤͲͷʹ ͲǤͳͲͲ ͲǤͲ͸ͳ ͲǤͲͷͲ ͲǤͲ͸ͺ ͲǤͲͷ͸ ͲǤͲͷͶ ͲǤͲͶͺ ͲǤͲͶͳ ͲǤͲͷͳ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲ͵ͳ   N_lloydii_ 46 ͲǤͲͶͻ ͲǤͲʹͲ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳͺ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲ͵ͺ ͲǤͲ͵ͳ ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͲʹ͸ ͲǤͲͷͲ ͲǤͲ͵ͻ ͲǤͲʹ͸  N_lloydii_ 47 ͲǤͲ͵ͳ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͳͻ ͲǤͲͳ͹ ͲǤͲͲͻ ͲǤͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͶͶ ͲǤͲʹʹ ͲǤͲͶʹ ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲʹ͵ ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͲʹͺ ͲǤͲ͵Ͳ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͺ

 ’’‡†‹šͳͶ‡ǣƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘ Š‘Ž‘ Kholo N_lloydii_80 N_lloydii_81 N_lloydii_82 N_lloydii_83 N_lloydii_80     N_lloydii_81 ͲǤʹʹͳ    N_lloydii_82 ͲǤͲͲͶ ͲǤͲͲͻ   N_lloydii_83 ͲǤͲͳʹ ͲǤͲͳͶ ͲǤͲͳͷ  N_lloydii_84 ͲǤͲʹͷ ͲǤͲͶͲ ͲǤͲͳͲ ͲǤͲͳͷ

  ’’‡†‹šͳͶˆǣƒ‹”™‹•‡‹•Š‹’˜ƒŽ—‡•„‡–™‡‡ȋŽ‘™‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽȌ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ”‘ ‘—–†™ƒ”†•Ǥ MtEd N_lloydii_109 N_lloydii_110 N_lloydii_111 N_lloydii_109   N_lloydii_110 ͲǤͲ͹͹  N_lloydii_111 ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤͳͳͷ N_lloydii_112 ͲǤͲ͸ͻ ͲǤʹͷͶ ͲǤͳͲͷ 

’’‡†‹š  ͳͻͻ

’’‡†‹šͳͷǣ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ—̵•—Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‡•–•ˆ‘”‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •„‡–™‡‡ˆ‘—”Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋαN. lloydii, αN. longifolia, αN. ovata, αN. microcarpa; ƒ‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ†Œ—•–‡†„›–Š‡‘ˆ‡””‘‹ ‘””‡ –‹‘ˆ‘” —Ž–‹’Ž‡–‡•–•Ȍ Environmental Species 1 Species 2 Test Std. Error Std. Test Sig. Adj. Sig. a characteristics Statistic Statistic Slope (0)   ͳͳǤ͵͵͵ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ͵Ǥͳͺͳ ͲǤͲͲͳͷ ͲǤͲͲͺͺ   ͶǤͲͺ͵ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ͳǤͳͶ͸ ͲǤʹͷͳ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   ͲǤ͸͸͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ͲǤͳͷ͵ ͲǤͺ͹ͺ͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   ͳͳǤ͵͵͵ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ͵Ǥͳͺͳ 0.0015 0.0088   Ǧ͹ǤʹͷͲ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ǦʹǤͲ͵ͷ 0.0418 ͲǤʹͷͳͳ   ǦͳͲǤ͸͸͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ǦʹǤͶͶͷ 0.0145 0.0870   ͶǤͲͺ͵ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ͳǤͳͶ͸ ͲǤʹͷͳ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   Ǧ͹ǤʹͷͲ ͵Ǥͷ͸͵ ǦʹǤͲ͵ͷ ͲǤͲͶͳͺ ͲǤʹͷͳͳ   Ǧ͵ǤͶͳ͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ǦͲǤ͹ͺ͵ ͲǤͶ͵͵͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   ͲǤ͸͸͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ͲǤͳͷ͵ ͲǤͺ͹ͺ͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   ǦͳͲǤ͸͸͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ǦʹǤͶͶͷ ͲǤͲͳͶͷ ͲǤͲͺ͹Ͳ   Ǧ͵ǤͶͳ͹ ͶǤ͵͸͵ ǦͲǤ͹ͺ͵ ͲǤͶ͵͵͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ pH   ͺǤ͹ͷͲ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͳǤͶͻ͸ ͲǤͳ͵Ͷ͹ ͲǤͺͲͺͳ   ͺǤ͹͹ͺ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͳǤͷͲͳ ͲǤͳ͵͵Ͷ ͲǤͺͲͲ͹

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲͲ

  Ǧʹ͵ǤͲͲͲ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ Ǧ͵Ǥʹͳͳ ͲǤͲͲͳ͵ ͲǤͲͲͺͲ   ͺǤ͹ͷͲ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͳǤͶͻ͸ ͲǤͳ͵Ͷ͹ ͲǤͺͲͺͳ   ͲǤͲʹͺ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͻͻ͸ʹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   Ǧ͵ͳǤ͹ͷͲ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ ǦͶǤͶ͵ʹ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ   ͺǤ͹͹ͺ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͳǤͷͲͳ ͲǤͳ͵͵Ͷ ͲǤͺͲͲ͹   ͲǤͲʹͺ ͷǤͺͶͻ ͲǤͲͲͷ ͲǤͻͻ͸ʹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   Ǧ͵ͳǤ͹͹ͺ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ ǦͶǤͶ͵͸ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ   Ǧʹ͵ǤͲͲͲ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ Ǧ͵Ǥʹͳͳ 0.0013 0.0080   Ǧ͵ͳǤ͹ͷͲ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ ǦͶǤͶ͵ʹ 0.0000 0.0000   Ǧ͵ͳǤ͹͹ͺ ͹Ǥͳ͸Ͷ ǦͶǤͶ͵͸ 0.0000 0.0000 

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲͳ

’’‡†‹šͳ͸ǣ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ—̵•—Ž–‹’Ž‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‡•–•ˆ‘”–”‡‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•„‡–™‡‡ˆ‘—”Notelaea•’‡ ‹‡•ȋαN. lloydii, α N. longifolia, αN. ovata, αN. microcarpa; ƒ‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ†Œ—•–‡†„›–Š‡‘ˆ‡””‘‹ ‘””‡ –‹‘ˆ‘”—Ž–‹’Ž‡–‡•–•Ȍ Tree Species 1 Species 2 Test Std. Std. Test Statistic Sig. Adj. Sig. a measurements Statistic Error Height   ͳͻǤͷ͵͵ ͹Ǥͺͺʹ ʹǤͶ͹ͺ 0.0132 0.0793  Ǧ͵ͳǤͲͺ͹ ͸Ǥ͵͵ͳ ǦͶǤͻͳͲ 0.0000 0.0000   Ǧ͵ͶǤʹ͸ʹ ͺǤͻ͹ʹ Ǧ͵Ǥͺͳͻ 0.0001 0.0008    ͳͻǤͷ͵͵ ͹Ǥͺͺʹ ʹǤͶ͹ͺ 0.0132 0.0793

 ǦͷͲǤ͸ʹͲ ͺǤ͹ͳͶ ǦͷǤͺͲͻ 0.0000 0.0000   Ǧͷ͵Ǥ͹ͻͷ ͳͲǤ͹ͺ͹ ǦͶǤͻͺ͹ 0.0000 0.0000    Ǧ͵ͳǤͲͺ͹ ͸Ǥ͵͵ͳ ǦͶǤͻͳͲ 0.0000 0.0000

 ǦͷͲǤ͸ʹͲ ͺǤ͹ͳͶ ǦͷǤͺͲͻ 0.0000 0.0000   Ǧ͵Ǥͳ͹ͷ ͻǤ͹ͳͳ ǦͲǤ͵ʹ͹ ͲǤ͹Ͷ͵͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ    Ǧ͵ͶǤʹ͸ʹ ͺǤͻ͹ʹ Ǧ͵Ǥͺͳͻ 0.0001 0.0008

 Ǧͷ͵Ǥ͹ͻͷ ͳͲǤ͹ͺ͹ ǦͶǤͻͺ͹ 0.0000 0.0000   Ǧ͵Ǥͳ͹ͷ ͻǤ͹ͳͳ ǦͲǤ͵ʹ͹ ͲǤ͹Ͷ͵͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ  Crown width   ǦʹǤ͵͵ͺ ͹ǤͺͺͲ ǦͲǤʹͻ͹ ͲǤ͹͸͸͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ  ǦʹͲǤͺͶ͵ ͸Ǥ͵ʹͻ Ǧ͵Ǥʹͻ͵ 0.0010 0.0059   Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͸Ͳͷ ͺǤͻ͸ͻ Ǧ͵ǤͲ͹ͺ 0.0021 0.0125 

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲʹ

  ǦʹǤ͵͵ͺ ͹ǤͺͺͲ ǦͲǤʹͻ͹ ͲǤ͹͸͸͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ

 ǦͳͺǤͷͲͷ ͺǤ͹ͳͳ ǦʹǤͳʹͶ 0.0336 0.2019   ǦʹͷǤʹ͸͹ ͳͲǤ͹ͺ͵ ǦʹǤ͵Ͷ͵ 0.0191 0.1147    ǦʹͲǤͺͶ͵ ͸Ǥ͵ʹͻ Ǧ͵Ǥʹͻ͵ ͲǤͲͲͳͲ ͲǤͲͲͷͻ

 ǦͳͺǤͷͲͷ ͺǤ͹ͳͳ ǦʹǤͳʹͶ ͲǤͲ͵͵͸ ͲǤʹͲͳͻ   Ǧ͸Ǥ͹͸͵ ͻǤ͹Ͳͺ ǦͲǤ͸ͻ͹ ͲǤͶͺ͸Ͳ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ    Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͸Ͳͷ ͺǤͻ͸ͻ Ǧ͵ǤͲ͹ͺ ͲǤͲͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳʹͷ

 ǦʹͷǤʹ͸͹ ͳͲǤ͹ͺ͵ ǦʹǤ͵Ͷ͵ ͲǤͲͳͻͳ ͲǤͳͳͶ͹   Ǧ͸Ǥ͹͸͵ ͻǤ͹Ͳͺ ǦͲǤ͸ͻ͹ ͲǤͶͺ͸Ͳ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ  DFH   ͲǤͻ͹ͷ ͹ǤͺͻͲ ͲǤͳʹͶ ͲǤͻͲͳ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ  Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͵͵ʹ ͸Ǥ͵͵ͺ ǦͶǤ͵ͳ͵ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ   ǦͶͲǤͲͺʹ ͺǤͻͺͳ ǦͶǤͶ͸͵ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ    ͲǤͻ͹ͷ ͹ǤͺͻͲ ͲǤͳʹͶ ͲǤͻͲͳ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ

 ǦʹͺǤ͵Ͳ͹ ͺǤ͹ʹ͵ Ǧ͵ǤʹͶͷ ͲǤͲͲͳʹ ͲǤͲͲ͹Ͳ   ǦͶͳǤͲͷ͹ ͳͲǤ͹ͻ͹ Ǧ͵ǤͺͲʹ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ ͲǤͲͲͲͻ    Ǧʹ͹Ǥ͵͵ʹ ͸Ǥ͵͵ͺ ǦͶǤ͵ͳ͵ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ

 ǦʹͺǤ͵Ͳ͹ ͺǤ͹ʹ͵ Ǧ͵ǤʹͶͷ ͲǤͲͲͳʹ ͲǤͲͲ͹Ͳ   ǦͳʹǤ͹ͷͲ ͻǤ͹ʹͳ ǦͳǤ͵ͳʹ ͲǤͳͺͻ͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ    ǦͶͲǤͲͺʹ ͺǤͻͺͳ ǦͶǤͶ͸͵ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲ͵

 ǦͶͳǤͲͷ͹ ͳͲǤ͹ͻ͹ Ǧ͵ǤͺͲʹ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ ͲǤͲͲͲͻ   ǦͳʹǤ͹ͷͲ ͻǤ͹ʹͳ ǦͳǤ͵ͳʹ ͲǤͳͺͻ͸ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ  No of ǦͳͺǤͺͲͲ ͹Ǥ͹ͻͺ ǦʹǤͶͳͳ ͲǤͲͳͷͻ ͲǤͲͻͷͶ Branches    ͳͻǤʹͷʹ ͸Ǥʹ͸͵ ͵ǤͲ͹Ͷ ͲǤͲͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳʹ͹   ͳǤͻͺͻ ͺǤͺ͹͸ ͲǤʹʹͶ ͲǤͺʹʹ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ    ǦͳͺǤͺͲͲ ͹Ǥ͹ͻͺ ǦʹǤͶͳͳ ͲǤͲͳͷͻ ͲǤͲͻͷͶ

 ͵ͺǤͲͷʹ ͺǤ͸ʹͲ ͶǤͶͳͶ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ   ʹͲǤ͹ͻͲ ͳͲǤ͸͹Ͳ ͳǤͻͶͺ ͲǤͲͷͳͶ ͲǤ͵Ͳͺʹ    ͳͻǤʹͷʹ ͸Ǥʹ͸͵ ͵ǤͲ͹Ͷ ͲǤͲͲʹͳ ͲǤͲͳʹ͹

 ͵ͺǤͲͷʹ ͺǤ͸ʹͲ ͶǤͶͳͶ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ ͲǤͲͲͲͳ   Ǧͳ͹Ǥʹ͸͵ ͻǤ͸Ͳ͸ ǦͳǤ͹ͻ͹ ͲǤͲ͹ʹ͵ ͲǤͶ͵Ͷͳ    ͳǤͻͺͻ ͺǤͺ͹͸ ͲǤʹʹͶ ͲǤͺʹʹ͹ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ

 ʹͲǤ͹ͻͲ ͳͲǤ͸͹Ͳ ͳǤͻͶͺ ͲǤͲͷͳͶ ͲǤ͵Ͳͺʹ   Ǧͳ͹Ǥʹ͸͵ ͻǤ͸Ͳ͸ ǦͳǤ͹ͻ͹ ͲǤͲ͹ʹ͵ ͲǤͶ͵Ͷͳ   

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲͶ

 ’’‡†‹šͳ͹ǣ Ž‘™‡”‹‰ƒ†ˆ”—‹–‹‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡–™‘–”‡ƒ–‡–•Ǣ„ƒ‰‰‡†ƒ†—„ƒ‰‰‡†ȋαN. lloydii, αN. longifolia,  αN. ovata, αN. microcarpaȌ Spp. Groups Count Sum Average SD F P-value F crit. Mean number of florets per   ͷͲ ͵ʹͳͲ ͸ͶǤʹͲ ͷͲǤͻͻ ͲǤ͸Ͳ͸͸ ͲǤͶ͵͹ͻ ͵Ǥͻ͵ͺͳ  branch  ͷͲ ʹͺ͵ͷ ͷ͸Ǥ͹Ͳ ͶͷǤͳ͵     ͷͲ ͳͶʹͺ ʹͺǤͷ͸ ͳͷǤͻ͹ ͳͲǤ͹ͶͶ͹ 0.0014 ͵Ǥͻ͵ͺͳ  ͷͲ ͻͺͳ ͳͻǤ͸ʹ ͳͲǤͺʹ    Flower to fruits conversion rated   ͷͲ ͵ͺǤ͵͵ ͲǤ͹͹ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤͲͲ͸͸ ͲǤͻ͵ͷ͹ ͵Ǥͻ͵ͺͳ   ͷͲ ͵ͻǤͳͶ ͲǤ͹ͺ ͳǤ͵ͺ     ͷͲ ͵ʹǤ͹͹ ͲǤ͸͸ ͲǤ͵ͺ ͺǤ͹ͳͶʹ 0.0040 ͵Ǥͻ͵ͺͳ  ͷͲ ʹͳǤͶͺ ͲǤͶ͵ ͲǤ͵ͺ    % developed fruits   Ͷͺ ͸͵ǤͶͻ ͳǤ͵ʹ ʹǤ͸Ͷ ͲǤͶͷͳͺ ͲǤͷͲ͵ʹ ͵ǤͻͶ͸ͻ   ͶͶ ͶʹǤͲͷ ͲǤͻ͸ ʹǤͷͻ     Ͷͻ ʹʹͶǤͺͶ ͶǤͷͻ ͳͺǤ͵Ͳ ͳǤͺͲʹ͸ ͲǤͳͺʹ͹ ͵ǤͻͶͶͷ  Ͷͷ ͵ͻǤͻ͹ ͲǤͺͻ ʹǤ͸ͻ      

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲͷ

 ’’‡†‹šͳͺǣ‡ƒ‘–ŠŽ›”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽǡƒš‹—–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ƒ†‹‹—–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‘˜‡”–Š‡–™‘•‡ƒ•‘•‹‘—–ŠǦƒ•–—‡‡•Žƒ† ȋ‘—” ‡ǣŠ‡—”‡ƒ—‘ˆ‡–‡‘”‘Ž‘‰›ǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„‘Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥƒ—ȀȌ

Season Sep to Mar September Average SD p-value Average SD p-value Mean Rainfall (mm) ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͳͳͳǤ͵͹ ͺ͹Ǥ͵ͻ ͲǤͲͷͷͻ ʹǤͷ͵ ͵ǤͲͳ 0.0358   ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͸ͷǤ͸͹ ͸ͲǤ͸ͷ ͳ͸Ǥʹ͹ ͹ǤͲʹ Mean Max Temp (0c) ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ʹͻǤͶͲ ͳǤͺ͹ ͲǤ͵Ͷͻʹ ʹͺǤͶ͵ ͳǤʹͳ 0.0480   ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͵ͲǤͲͺ ʹǤ͸͸ ʹͷǤͺͲ ͳǤͲͺ Mean Min Temp (0c) ‡ƒ•‘ͳ ͳ͹ǤͻͶ ͵Ǥͳͻ ͲǤͺ͹Ͳͷ ͳͳǤ͹͵ ʹǤ͸ͳ ͳǤͲͲͲͲ   ‡ƒ•‘ʹ ͳͺǤͳͳ ͵Ǥͷ͹ ͳͳǤ͹͵ ʹǤʹͲ 

’’‡†‹š  ʹͲ͸