Folk-Memory of a Celestial Impact Event in the Ancient Egyptian Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor?
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Cross-References ASTEROID IMPACT Definition and Introduction History of Impact Cratering Studies
18 ASTEROID IMPACT Tedesco, E. F., Noah, P. V., Noah, M., and Price, S. D., 2002. The identification and confirmation of impact structures on supplemental IRAS minor planet survey. The Astronomical Earth were developed: (a) crater morphology, (b) geo- 123 – Journal, , 1056 1085. physical anomalies, (c) evidence for shock metamor- Tholen, D. J., and Barucci, M. A., 1989. Asteroid taxonomy. In Binzel, R. P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M. S. (eds.), phism, and (d) the presence of meteorites or geochemical Asteroids II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 298–315. evidence for traces of the meteoritic projectile – of which Yeomans, D., and Baalke, R., 2009. Near Earth Object Program. only (c) and (d) can provide confirming evidence. Remote Available from World Wide Web: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ sensing, including morphological observations, as well programs. as geophysical studies, cannot provide confirming evi- dence – which requires the study of actual rock samples. Cross-references Impacts influenced the geological and biological evolu- tion of our own planet; the best known example is the link Albedo between the 200-km-diameter Chicxulub impact structure Asteroid Impact Asteroid Impact Mitigation in Mexico and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Under- Asteroid Impact Prediction standing impact structures, their formation processes, Torino Scale and their consequences should be of interest not only to Earth and planetary scientists, but also to society in general. ASTEROID IMPACT History of impact cratering studies In the geological sciences, it has only recently been recog- Christian Koeberl nized how important the process of impact cratering is on Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria a planetary scale. -
Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene Circa 14 Km Diameter Impact Crater in Nicaragua
Meteoritics & Planetary Science 1–22 (2019) doi: 10.1111/maps.13244 Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua P. ROCHETTE 1*, R. ALACß 2, P. BECK3, G. BROCARD2, A. J. CAVOSIE 4, V. DEBAILLE5, B. DEVOUARD1, F. JOURDAN4, B. MOUGEL 6,11, F. MOUSTARD1, F. MOYNIER6, S. NOMADE7, G. R. OSINSKI 8, B. REYNARD9, and J. CORNEC10 1Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INRA, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France 2Basin Genesis Hub, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 3Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France 4Space Science and Technology Centre and The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 5Laboratoire G-Time, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 6Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS UMR 7154, Paris, France 7LSCE, CEA, CNRS UVSQ et Universite´de Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France 8Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration and Department of Earth Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada 9University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite´Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE*, 69007 Lyon, France 10Geologist, Denver, USA 11Present address: Centro de geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 07 March 2017; revision accepted 15 December 2018) Abstract–The circa 14 km diameter Pantasma circular structure in Oligocene volcanic rocks in Nicaragua is here studied for the first time to understand its origin. Geomorphology, field mapping, and petrographic and geochemical investigations all are consistent with an impact origin for the Pantasma structure. -
The Hamburg Meteorite Fall: Fireball Trajectory, Orbit and Dynamics
The Hamburg Meteorite Fall: Fireball trajectory, orbit and dynamics P.G. Brown1,2*, D. Vida3, D.E. Moser4, M. Granvik5,6, W.J. Koshak7, D. Chu8, J. Steckloff9,10, A. Licata11, S. Hariri12, J. Mason13, M. Mazur3, W. Cooke14, and Z. Krzeminski1 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-7039 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada 2Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada ( 4Jacobs Space Exploration Group, EV44/Meteoroid Environment Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA 5Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 6 Division of Space Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Kiruna, Box 848, S-98128, Sweden 7NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, ST11, Robert Cramer Research Hall, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA 8Chesapeake Aerospace LLC, Grasonville, MD 21638, USA 9Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA 10Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA 11Farmington Community Stargazers, Farmington Hills, MI, USA 12Department of Physics and Astronomy, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA 13Orchard Ridge Campus, Oakland Community College, Farmington Hills, MI, USA 14NASA Meteoroid Environment Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA Accepted to Meteoritics and Planetary Science, June 19, 2019 85 pages, 4 tables, 15 figures, 1 appendix. Original submission September, 2018. 1 Abstract The Hamburg (H4) meteorite fell on January 17, 2018 at 01:08 UT approximately 10km North of Ann Arbor, Michigan. -
DISTRIBUTION of PULTUSK METEORITE FRAGMENTS. T. Brachaniec1 and J. W. Kosiński2, 1University of Silesia; Faculty of Earth Science; Bedzinska Str
45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014) 1067.pdf DISTRIBUTION OF PULTUSK METEORITE FRAGMENTS. T. Brachaniec1 and J. W. Kosiński2, 1University of Silesia; Faculty of Earth Science; Bedzinska str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec; email: [email protected], 2Comet and Meteor Workshop - Meteorites Section, Warsaw; email: [email protected]. Pultusk meteorite, which is classified as a brec- Modern research of literature and field working ciated H5 chondrite [1] fell at 30th of January 1868 in (Fig. 1) clearly show that the map created by Sam- Central Poland. The bolide was witnessed over a huge sonowicz is only a approximate picture of the distribu- part of Europe, from cities in Hungary and Austria in tion of Pultusk meteorites. The result of a field search- the south, to Gdańsk (Poland), Russia, in the north, ing is an observation that in a small area occur small and big specimens. Author has been claimed that in and from Berlin (Germany), in the west to Grodno the central part of the ellipse should be found speci- (Belarus), in the east. The shock from the bolide re- mens from 0.2 to 2 kg, however, in this area occur portedly collapsed structures in Warsaw, 60 km south small meteorites, weighing a few grams, called “Pul- of where it impacted. Within a few days of the fall, tusk peas”. There are many indications that Sam- about 400 pieces of the meteorite were collected. sonowicz also overestimated the amount of fallen me- After 80 years after the fall Samsonowicz as first teorites [3][4]. published his field working results [2]. -
The Tennessee Meteorite Impact Sites and Changing Perspectives on Impact Cratering
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND THE TENNESSEE METEORITE IMPACT SITES AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT CRATERING A dissertation submitted by Janaruth Harling Ford B.A. Cum Laude (Vanderbilt University), M. Astron. (University of Western Sydney) For the award of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT Terrestrial impact structures offer astronomers and geologists opportunities to study the impact cratering process. Tennessee has four structures of interest. Information gained over the last century and a half concerning these sites is scattered throughout astronomical, geological and other specialized scientific journals, books, and literature, some of which are elusive. Gathering and compiling this widely- spread information into one historical document benefits the scientific community in general. The Wells Creek Structure is a proven impact site, and has been referred to as the ‘syntype’ cryptoexplosion structure for the United State. It was the first impact structure in the United States in which shatter cones were identified and was probably the subject of the first detailed geological report on a cryptoexplosive structure in the United States. The Wells Creek Structure displays bilateral symmetry, and three smaller ‘craters’ lie to the north of the main Wells Creek structure along its axis of symmetry. The question remains as to whether or not these structures have a common origin with the Wells Creek structure. The Flynn Creek Structure, another proven impact site, was first mentioned as a site of disturbance in Safford’s 1869 report on the geology of Tennessee. It has been noted as the terrestrial feature that bears the closest resemblance to a typical lunar crater, even though it is the probable result of a shallow marine impact. -
Geology, Published Online on 5 January 2011 As Doi:10.1130/G31624.1
Geology, published online on 5 January 2011 as doi:10.1130/G31624.1 Geology Kamil Crater (Egypt): Ground truth for small-scale meteorite impacts on Earth L. Folco, M. Di Martino, A. El Barkooky, M. D'Orazio, A. Lethy, S. Urbini, I. Nicolosi, M. Hafez, C. Cordier, M. van Ginneken, A. Zeoli, A.M. Radwan, S. El Khrepy, M. El Gabry, M. Gomaa, A.A. Barakat, R. Serra and M. El Sharkawi Geology published online 5 January 2011; doi: 10.1130/G31624.1 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geology Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. -
Mineralogical and Chemical Investigations of the Amguid Crater (Algeria): Is There Evidence on an Impact Origin?
geosciences Article Mineralogical and Chemical Investigations of the Amguid Crater (Algeria): Is there Evidence on an Impact Origin? Gian Paolo Sighinolfi 1, Maurizio Barbieri 2,* , Daniele Brunelli 1 and Romano Serra 3 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; giampaolo.sighinolfi@unimore.it (G.P.S.); [email protected] (D.B.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 December 2019; Accepted: 16 March 2020; Published: 18 March 2020 Abstract: Mineralogical and chemical investigations were carried out on intra-craterial bedrocks (Lower Devonian sandstone) and regolithic residual soil deposits present around the Amguid structure, to discuss the hypothesis of its formation through a relatively recent (about 0.1 Ma) impact event. Observations with an optical microscope on intra-craterial rocks do not unequivocally confirm the presence of impact correlated microscopic planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz crystals. Field observations, and optical and instrumental analysis (Raman spectroscopy) on rocks and soils (including different granulometric fractions) do not provide any incontrovertible pieces of evidence of high energy impact effects or products of impact (e.g., high pressure—temperature phases, partially or totally melted materials, etc.) either in target rocks or in soils. A series of selected main and trace elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Ni, Co and Cu) were analysed on rocks and soils to evaluate the presence in these materials of extraterrestrial sources. Comparative chemical data on rocks and soils suggest that these last are significantly enriched in Fe-poor Mg-rich materials, and in Co, Ni and Cu, in the order. -
ABSTRACT 1 Terrestrial Impact Craters
MAPPING TERRESTRIAL IMPACT CRATERS WITH THE TANDEM-X DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL Manfred Gottwald1, Thomas Fritz1, Helko Breit1, Birgit Schättler1, Alan Harris2 1German Aerospace Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany 2German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT We use the global digital elevation model (DEM) generated in the TanDEM-X mission for map- ping the confirmed terrestrial impact structures in the Earth Impact Database of the Planetary and Space Science Center (PASSC) at the University of New Brunswick, Canada. The TanDEM- X mission generates a global DEM with unprecedented properties. The achieved global coverage together with the improved accuracy (in the sub-10 m range) and spatial resolution (12 m at the equator) opens new opportunities in impact crater research based on terrestrial space-borne remote sensing data. It permits both for simple and complex craters investigations of the mor- phology of the particular structure (rim height, central uplift, ring-like patterns, elevation pro- files) and of the surrounding terrain (local deformation, drainage patterns) of outstanding quali- ty. 1 Terrestrial Impact Craters Earth, in contrast, the crust underwent continuous modification due to various processes such as plate 1.1 Impact Crater Record tectonics, erosion, sedimentation and glaciation. This prevented the development of an unbiased impact Terrestrial impact craters are the relics of collisions of record. Only the ancient continental shields provide the Earth with Solar System objects of different sizes. opportunities for detecting very old impact structures. Such collisions were frequent in the distant past when In other areas, craters of a certain size have remained the Solar System was young but even today solid bod- sufficiently intact only if they were formed rather re- ies from interplanetary space occasionally hit the ter- cently or if their large size has prevented them from restrial surface. -
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FMM)
Table 1. The list of meteorites in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FMM). Leninskiy prospect 18 korpus 2, Moscow, Russia, 119071. Pieces Year Mass in Indication Meteorite Country Type in found FMM in MB FMM Seymchan Russia 1967 Pallasite, PMG 500 kg 9 43 Kunya-Urgench Turkmenistan 1998 H5 402 g 2 83 Sikhote-Alin Russia 1947 Iron, IIAB 1370 g 2 Sayh Al Uhaymir 067 Oman 2000 L5-6 S1-2,W2 63 g 1 85 Ozernoe Russia 1983 L6 75 g 1 66 Gujba Nigeria 1984 Cba 2..8 g 1 85 Dar al Gani 400 Libya 1998 Lunar (anorth) 0.37 g 1 82 Dhofar 935 Oman 2002 H5S3W3 96 g 1 88 Dhofar 007 Oman 1999 Eucrite-cm 31.5 g 1 84 Muonionalusta Sweden 1906 Iron, IVA 561 g 3 Omolon Russia 1967 Pallasite, PMG 1,2 g 1 72 Peekskill USA 1992 H6 1,1 g 1 75 Gibeon Namibia 1836 Iron, IVA 120 g 2 36 Potter USA 1941 L6 103.8g 1 Jiddat Al Harrasis 020 Oman 2000 L6 598 gr 2 85 Canyon Diablo USA 1891 Iron, IAB-MG 329 gr 1 33 Gold Basin USA 1995 LA 101 g 1 82 Campo del Cielo Argentina 1576 Iron, IAB-MG 2550 g 4 36 Dronino Russia 2000 Iron, ungrouped 22 g 1 88 Morasko Poland 1914 Iron, IAB-MG 164 g 1 Jiddat al Harasis 055 Oman 2004 L4-5 132 g 1 88 Tamdakht Morocco 2008 H5 18 gr 1 Holbrook USA 1912 L/LL5 2,9g 1 El Hammami Mauritani 1997 H5 19,8g 1 82 Gao-Guenie Burkina Faso 1960 H5 18.7 g 1 83 Sulagiri India 2008 LL6 2.9g 1 96 Gebel Kamil Egypt 2009 Iron ungrouped 95 g 2 98 Uruacu Brazil 1992 Iron, IAB-MG 330g 1 86 NWA 859 (Taza) NWA 2001 Iron ungrouped 18,9g 1 86 Dhofar 224 Oman 2001 H4 33g 1 86 Kharabali Russia 2001 H5 85g 2 102 Chelyabinsk -
The Geophysical Signature of Impact Craters
The geophysical signature of impact craters Stephanie Werner Observation, geophysical techniques and implications • Gravity Anomalies • Magnetic Anomalies • Seismic profiling • Electrical /Electromagnetic • Magnetotelluric • Ground Penetrating Radar •Radiometric •… Crater Formation Process Observations:Observations: PhysicalPhysical Shape: circular features Moltke Tycho (2.7 mi) (53 mi) Inverted Stratigraphy: Meteor Crater first recognized by Barringer (only for well preserved craters) Material displacement: Solid material broken up and ejected outside the crater: breccia, tektites Slide from B. Pierazzo Observations:Observations: ShockShock EvidenceEvidence Shatter cones: conical fractures with typical markings produced by shock waves Shocked Material: shocked quartz high pressure minerals Melt Rocks: may result from shock and friction Slide from B. Pierazzo Observations:Observations: GeophysicalGeophysical datadata Gravity anomaly: based on density variations of materials Magnetic: based on general variation of magnetic properties of materials Seismic: sound waves reflection and refraction from subsurface layers with different characteristics Slide from B. Pierazzo Gravity Anomalies Gravity • craters are relatively shallow features, but depressions • associated to brecciation and fracturing, extending to significant depth below the crater floor • fractured rock is less dense than unaltered rock material • dependent size and morphology, density contrast and burial depth – circular negative gravity anomaly Gravity anomaly: Simple crater -
Comment Article Evidence That Lake Cheko Is Not an Impact Crater
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00791.x Comment article Evidence that Lake Cheko is not an impact crater G. S. Collins,1 N. Artemieva,2 K. Wu¨ nnemann,3 P. A. Bland,1 W. U. Reimold,3 and C. Koeberl4 1Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK; 2Institute for the Dynamics of Geospheres, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 3Museum for Natural History, Humboldt University, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; 4Center of Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT In a provocative paper Gasperini et al. (2007) suggest that Lake is required for an asteroid fragment to traverse the EarthÕs Cheko, a 300-m-wide lake situated a few kilometres down- atmosphere and reach the surface intact and with sufficient range from the assumed epicentre of the 1908 Tunguska event, velocity to excavate a crater the size of Lake Cheko. Inferred is an impact crater. In this response, we present several lines of tensile strengths of large stony meteorites during atmospheric observational evidence that contradicts the impact hypothesis disruption are 10–100 times lower. We therefore conclude that for the lakeÕs origin: un-crater-like aspects of the lake mor- Lake Cheko is highly unlikely to be an impact crater. phology, the lack of impactor material in and around the lake, and the presence of apparently unaffected mature trees close Terra Nova, 20, 165–168, 2008 to the lake. We also show that a tensile strength of 10–40 MPa over 170 confirmed impact structures The first piece of evidence does give Introduction on the Earth (Earth Impact Database, pause for thought, but could easily be An impact origin for Lake Cheko and 2007). -
NEW ACQUISITIONS to FERSMAN MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM in 2011–2012 Dmitriy I
New Data on Minerals. 2013. Vol. 48 141 NEW ACQUISITIONS TO FERSMAN MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM IN 2011–2012 Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, [email protected] Eight hundred and seventy-seven mineral specimens representing 488 mineral species from 59 countries, Antarctica, the oceanic floor, and space were catalogued into six collections of the main fund of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, during 2011 and 2012. Among them, 160 mineral species were previously absent in the museum collection. Eighty-five of the new species are represented by type speci- mens (holotypes, co-types, or their fragments) of which twenty-seven minerals species were discovered by Museum staff members or with their participation. Of the new specimens, 645 (74%) were donated by 151 private persons and 3 organizations, including 104 (85 species) type specimens. The museum staff collected 85 items (10%). One hundred and twelve specimens were exchanged. Three specimens were purchased. Thirty-two mine- ral specimens (4%) were documented from previous acquisitions. The new acquisitions are surveyed by mineral species, geography, type of entry, and donor. Lists of new mineral species and mineral species missing in the muse- um are given. 4 table, 18 figures*, 10 references. Keywords: Mineralogical museum, collection, new acquisitions, mineral species, mineral, meteorite. Eight hundred and seventy-seven mineral The principles guiding the new acquisi- specimens were catalogued into six collec- tion for the collections of the main museum tions of the main inventory of the museum in fund were reported in previous reviews of 2011–2012. The majority – 712 items – new acquisitions (Belakovskiy, 2001; 2003; were placed into the systematic collection; 2004; 2006; 2011; Belakovskiy and Pekova, 33 specimens were added to the collection of 2008).