Never Stand Still Faculty of Medicine The Kirby Institute for infection and immunity in society

annual report 2011 Contents foreword

Foreword 3 Research programs 6 Research studies 13

Surveillance National surveillance co-ordination and information dissemination 13 Disease surveillance 15 Behavioural surveillance 17 Linkage studies 18 Reviews, analyses and mathematical modelling 18

Clinical research HIV: antiretroviral therapy 21 Viral hepatitis 26 Sexually transmissible infections 29 Clinical public health 31 Diagnostics 31

Epidemiological research Mathematical modelling 33 Prevention 33 Social, behavioural and cultural research 36 Collaborative projects with Sydney Sexual Health Centre 40 Clinical epidemiology 41 Infection-related cancer 41 Laboratory research Immunopathogenesis and correlates of immunity research 42 Laboratory service and support 42 Assay development 43 Development of new therapeutic modalities 43 Professor Cooper speaking at the 2011 UNSW Town and Gown dinner Translational research: host 44 Translational research: viral 45 Therapeutic research 46 2011 was a year of achievements. We began the year as the than 100 sites internationally. The number of countries where Co-infection 46 National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research SEPPH’s expertise in evaluating HIV programs and epidemics and ended it as The Kirby Institute for infection and immunity has expanded to include eight countries of Eastern Europe; Aboriginal and in society. At the launch, we welcomed and were honoured by and an exciting new behavioural study, Opposites Attract, will Torres Strait Islander health 47 University dignitaries including Chancellor David Gonski and provide data on serodiscordant couples to complement earlier Vice Chancellor and President Professor Fred Hilmer; the Hon. groundbreaking work in HEPP. Recent results on pre-exposure International health Malcolm Turnbull MP; present and past staff members, committee prophylaxis suggest that 2011 may have also been the year of Asia-Pacific region 50 members, and many others who have contributed to our work the HIV prevention revolution. Cambodia 51 over the 25 years since its inception. Another honoured guest was Europe 51 philanthropist and Kirby Institute benefactor Chuck Feeney. But Through the year I was honoured with many requests to speak Fiji 52 the most fêted guest was Michael Kirby AC CMG, the former High publicly. One of the most receptive audiences was at the UNSW Papua New Guinea 52 Court judge whose long history as a warrior for health and human Town and Gown event, which brings together the academic South Africa 54 rights made him the ideal figurehead for our newly launched community with alumni and friends of the University. organisation. On the following pages are photographs of our Biostatistics and launch on 4 April 2011 in UNSW’s Leighton Hall. We began 2011 with 170 staff and finished it with almost 200 database support 55 staff, 285 publications and 211 separate ongoing studies. We 2011 was also marked by staff expansion, research advances, face the future with a new name, optimism about our ongoing successful grant applications and also extensive planning for research program, plans for colocating our staff on the UNSW Advisory committees 56 our impending move to the main UNSW campus in Kensington. Kensington campus, and building a new outreach premises in External boards, committees and advisory groups 61 We welcomed two new groups to the Kirby during 2011: in Darlinghurst – a partnership with St Vincent’s Hospital to ensure Staff and affiliated researchers 65 January we established the Justice Health Research Program, continuation of research with the communities who form the Students and student supervision 68 under Professor Tony Butler, and in April we welcomed on bulk of our volunteers in clinical and epidemiological studies. Collaborating organisations 71 board the HIV Biology Group led by Professor Stuart Turville. Funding 77 On the scientific front, our research continued to reach new Research grants 79 highs. Treatment optimisation work made great progress Conference presentations 81 through the ENCORE and SECOND LINE studies, and TVRP’s Conference posters 86 role as an International Co-ordinating Centre for the INSIGHT Publications 91 network, a major collaboration for the conduct of large Index of studies 102 strategic trials in HIV disease, means we are active in more David Cooper

2 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 3 4 April 2011 The Kirby Institute launch “Michael’s well known and enduring support for health and human rights, both at home and internationally, fits perfectly with our research focus on those vulnerable communities who make up our patient and client populations, the often disadvantaged groups most likely to suffer the infectious diseases which are the core of our work.”

Vice-President & Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Research), Professor Les Field, Mrs Claire Hilmer, President Mr Bill Bowtell AO, Professor Ron Penny AO, Chancellor of and Vice-Chancellor of UNSW UNSW Mr David Gonski AC, the Hon Michael Kirby AC CMG, Professor David Cooper with the Professor Fred Hilmer AO, Mr Chuck Feeney, President and Vice-Chancellor of UNSW Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG the Hon. Malcolm Turnbull MP Professor Fred Hilmer AO, Mr Charles Curran AC

4 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 5 n R esear c h

The Biostatistical and Database Program Blood-borne viral and sexually transmission infections (STIs) surveillance activities are conducted in collaboration with the Australian Commonwealth Government Department of The Biostatistics and Databases Program has a collaborative Health and Ageing, State and Territory health authorities biostatistical research role across many of the Kirby Institute’s and collaborating networks. Analyses and interpretation of programs and activities. A key activity in this area in 2011 has recent trends in new diagnoses of HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs, been extending the available database technologies to suit a range and estimates of prevalence and incidence in key population of needs, from the highest specification web-based databases subgroups are published in our Annual Surveillance Report. through to highly cost-efficient stand-alone databases suitable for Public release datasets on new HIV and AIDS diagnoses are also developing countries. This extension of database expertise will available for download. SEPPH is a collaborating unit of the allow the program to service better the needs of the Kirby Institute Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; and in collaboration into the future. with the Australian Red Cross conducts surveillance of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in The program had important grant success this year with the renewal Australia. In collaboration with the Office of Aboriginal and of five-year NIH funding through the International Epidemiological Torres Strait Islander Health of the Department of Health and Research programs and program heads at the Kirby Institute Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) program. This funding Ageing and other Kirby Institute Programs, SEPPH coordinates underpins much of the program’s work in HIV observational national surveillance and reporting of trachoma among In April 2011, the Kirby Institute was relaunched after 25 International Co-ordinating Centre for the INSIGHT network, cohorts. Exciting developments include the collection of serious non- Aboriginal communities. years as the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical a major international collaboration for the conduct of large AIDS clinical endpoints, such as myocardial infarctions and non- Research, or NCHECR. Over that time, the organisation moved clinical endpoint strategic trials in HIV disease which has more AIDS cancers in adult HIV-positive patients in Asia. An expanded- SEPPH carries out extensive mathematical modelling and economic from its early roots as a leader in HIV research to expand the than 300 sites in 30 countries. access antiretroviral treatment scheme for Medicare-ineligible research in order to evaluate public health programs, understand range of work from the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Australia, involving all seven pharmaceutical companies drivers of epidemic trends, project future epidemic trajectories, and viral hepatitis to a range of related sexually transmissible The SECOND-LINE study completed enrolment in September active in HIV care, was developed in collaboration with the National and assess the epidemiological and economic impact of public infections and blood-borne viruses. 2011 also saw the addition 2011. This clinical trial was designed to investigate the safety Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA), with patient health prevention strategies. This research is focused on HIV, of a new group, the Justice Health Program, headed by and efficacy of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and 2-3N(t)RTI follow-up and outcomes to be collected via the Australian HIV viral hepatitis, and sexually transmissible infections in Australian Professor Tony Butler. backbone in participants virologically failing first-line therapy. Observational Database. populations and on HIV/AIDS in Asia and Eastern Europe. The study is being conducted in 49 sites across 18 countries. Led by Professor David Cooper, the Kirby Institute has a leading At conclusion of the recruitment phase, 568 participants were 2011 was an active year for research outputs. Mathematical In 2011, SEPPH released a number of Surveillance Reports, presence in Australia coupled with a strong and increasing randomised. An interim analysis was performed when half modelling underpinned a submission to the Pharmaceutical including the fifteenth annual review of available surveillance presence in South East Asia. Australia’s national interest is the participants had completed 24 weeks of follow-up. This Benefits Advisory Committee for public funding of HPV data pertaining to the occurrence of ‘HIV, viral hepatitis and served where it intervenes in health issues in its region by interim was reviewed by an independent DSMB and their vaccination of boys. Statistical geospatial models identified hot sexually transmissible infections in Australia’, and the fifth leading in developing and delivering solutions. recommendation was to continue the study as planned. We are spots of HIV infection in South Africa. Linkage of HCV, HBV and annual ‘Blood-borne viral and sexually transmitted infections anticipating completion of the week 48 visit in September 2011. HIV notifications in New South Wales with hospitalisation, cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Surveillance The Director and death indexes identified a growing burden of liver disease. and Evaluation Report’. Surveillance activities and analyses of Scientia Professor David The ENCORE1 study commenced in 2011, with all sites opening Cohort data showed that HIV-positive patients who stopped transfusion transmissible infections in Australia were conducted A. Cooper AO FAA was for recruitment in the period between August and December. smoking reduced their risk of cardiovascular disease. Statistical which led to the first-annual ‘Safe blood – a focus on education, the inaugural director of Toward the end of the year, over half the required participant analyses of surveillance data showed that HIV-transmissions epidemiology and testing: transfusion-transmissible infections in the National Centre in HIV population had been recruited with March 2012 estimated as through injecting drug use had been effected less by combination Australia 2011 Surveillance Report’. Cross-program contributions Epidemiology and Clinical the completion date for enrolment. Valuable substudies of dried antiretroviral treatment, and tended to be diagnosed later, than resulted in the establishment of the National Trachoma Research from its inception blood spots for analysis of efavirenz concentrations and HIV other HIV-exposures. Immunological responses in patients who Surveillance and Reporting Unit at UNSW and the release in 1986 and he remains the viral load, vitamin D monitoring and mid-interval monitoring of started treatment at high CD4 counts were analysed, an issue of the first UNSW-produced trachoma report, the Australian primary driver behind the efavirenz pharmacokinetics within the main protocol; intensive highly relevant to current debates about when to start treatment. Trachoma Surveillance Report 2010. Further cross-program success of the Kirby Institute. pharmacokinetics and CNS sub-studies have also commenced. collaboration resulted in the release of the NSW HIV modelling Professor Cooper is an Professor Matthew Law, head of and acceptability report, and participation in the development internationally eminent and In addition, the MARCH study contracts between UNSW and the Biostatistics Program, has been of the National BBV and STI Surveillance and Monitoring Plan respected HIV clinical scientist. In addition to his enormous Pfizer/ViiV Healthcare were finalised in April 2011 and a at the Kirby Institute for 18 years. which is being followed by SEPPH’s production of a new report clinical experience, Professor Cooper is widely recognised for network of 63 clinical centres around the world commenced His group plays a key support role for monitoring progress against the latest blood-borne viral and his contributions to the field in HIV immunology and infectious activities to start the trial. The first patients were randomised to other academic programs but has STI National Strategies. diseases. This is further exemplified by his role in supporting the in September. This trial required the establishment of an also independent research activities disciplines of virological, immunological, pharmacological and international QA/QC programme to ensure execution of in cohort studies, mathematical Internationally, SEPPH strengthened networks with the Vietnam neurological research in one organisation. He has assembled a proviral testing of HIV DNA to determine virus tropism to modelling, linkage studies and Administration for AIDS Control and the Ministry of Health world-class research team at the Kirby Institute that influences the highest possible standards. TVRP personnel collaborated complex statistical analyses. in China. SEPPH has also been developing country-specific and supports activities globally through extensive national, with colleagues from the Immunovirology and Pathogenesis models for Indonesia, Cambodia, Armenia and Papua New regional and international collaborations. Program and the National Reference Laboratory to establish Guinea for the interpretation of public health surveillance data. and run this complex program. We anticipate completion of Modelling and evaluation reports for Vietnam and Indonesia enrolment into this trial during the second quarter of 2012. The Surveillance and Evaluation were produced with guidance for further in-country analysis. The Program for Public Health program’s experience evaluating the cost-effectiveness of needle- The Therapeutic and Vaccine Professor Sean Emery is syringe exchange programs in Australia has been applied to a Research Program head of the Therapeutic and collaboration with 13 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Vaccine Research Program. The Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health Asia through UNAIDS. He has been at NCHECR for (SEPPH) monitors the pattern of transmission of HIV, viral The Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program (TVRP) 18 years and is a recognised hepatitis, specific sexually transmissible infections, transfusion Drawing from data and experiences from eight countries in conducts a range of clinical trials designed to assess the expert in HIV therapeutic transmissible infections and trachoma in Australia, assesses past East Asia & Pacific, Europe and central Asia and the South Asia effectiveness of new HIV therapies or candidate vaccines. research and the design, and expected epidemic trends, and evaluates the epidemiological Region, SEPPH advanced its international expertise, working These studies often provide not just biomedical data but also conduct and reporting of impact and cost-effectiveness of public health intervention in collaboration with the World Bank Group, to commence a evidence of the impact of policy practice and therapeutic clinical trials. strategies. SEPPH also evaluates HIV programs and epidemics project to contribute to the improvement of the effectiveness and guidelines, in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings. and develops quantitative epidemic evaluation research capacity efficiency of HIV prevention responses in Asia’s concentrated HIV TVRP staff provide leadership through the program’s role as an in Asia and Eastern Europe. epidemic settings.

6 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 7 Associate Professor David two separate studies conducted in Sydney and in Bangkok Professor Tony Kelleher is The Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Wilson, head of the Surveillance though HIV-NAT. These studies provided proof of principal, head of the Immunovirology Prevention Program and Epidemiology Program for demonstrating that these prototypic assays perform at least and Pathogenesis Program, and Public Health, has presided over as well as established assays for the diagnosis of latent works closely at a laboratory a restructure and expansion of tuberculosis. The analysis of samples collected from the first level with colleagues from SVH. The Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program our surveillance work in the few year of the PINT study allowed new insights into dynamics This program gives lab support strives to conduct rigorous multidisciplinary research that is short years since he joined us. of establishment and maintenance of the viral reservoir. across the organisation, as well as ethical, innovative and makes a difference. We are proud of, and His program has extended its While the samples from this trial are a major focus for future conducting world-class research, committed to, working in partnership with affected communities standing monitoring of HIV, viral and on going work, further insights into the mechanisms presently focussed on the design and in Australia and internationally to achieve our goals. Key aims hepatitis, and specific sexually underlying the maintenance of the reservoir are being development of novel assays, and the of the program are to initiate and undertake epidemiological, transmissible infections to other sought from the elucidation of the relative infection rates study of micro RNAs, fine mapping of social and behavioural research examining viral hepatitis and surveillance activities as well as to and phylogenetic profiles of virus-infected, antigen-specific T cell fn, and the transcriptional gene other blood-borne infections in vulnerable populations, including the assessment of past and expected epidemic trends, and evaluates CD4+ T cells. This sophisticated work is only possible silencing of HIV by siRNA. people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSW); the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of public health using the assays developed within the laboratory. During Professor Stuart Turville design and implement studies of behavioural and biomedical strategies in Australia and overseas. 2011 further work on our unique siRNAs that induce Dr Turville’s research career started prevention interventions designed to prevent viral hepatitis and prolonged transcriptional gene silencing of HIV-1 provided with a BSc Hons (First class and other infectious diseases in vulnerable populations; conduct very encouraging data regarding the high specificity of John Elliot Prize for Best Thesis in and support surveillance activities including monitoring trends these constructs, while elegant molecular and confocal Animal Biology) and followed with in blood-borne virus incidence, prevalence and risk behaviour The Immunovirology and Pathogenesis microscopy further elucidated the mechanism of action of an Australian Postgraduate Award among PWID; translate research outcomes into evidence-based Program these constructs. The first in vivo trials of these compounds for PhD studies at the University of public health practice and build capacity for research, surveillance commenced with the conduct of small animal studies in Sydney on the mechanism of HIV and harm reduction within Australia and the region through the Japan. transmission in dendritic cells. provision of training and technical assistance. The activities of the IVPP during 2011 can be divided into three categories. All involve substantial, daily interaction with the A major boost for the program and the Institute in 2011 The HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Highlights of 2011 for VHEPP included the publication of a special Immunovirology group at St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical was the recruitment of Professor Stuart Turville and his Program National Data Report marking 16 years of data from the Australian Research, which is collocated with IVPP. In 2011 a substantial HIV Biology Group. This group is primarily involved in Needle and Syringe Program Survey (ANSPS), Australia’s proportion of laboratory-based activity was directed towards basic HIV research, with specific projects on HIV entry, viral internationally recognised surveillance system for monitoring providing routine or semi-routine laboratory support, essential spread between key cell types of the immune system and The HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program (HEPP) conducts the prevalence of anti-HIV and HCV and associated risk factors for the successful conduct of clinical trials and epidemiological the development of novel imaging techniques. While the research into the transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually among PWID. Other highlights included the award of a UCSF NIH studies conducted by the Kirby. This included specimen processing work seeks to elucidate basic scientific mechanisms, the transmissible infections (STIs), and on the natural history of subcontract for the International Collaboration of Incident HIV and conduct of specialised immunological and virological assays. assays used and novel reagents generated are applicable HIV. Our work is multidisciplinary and collaborative. We work in and hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts (InC3). This unique, multi- This aspect of the laboratory continued to perform well in external to HIV translational research and gene therapy. To study partnership with communities most affected by HIV, particularly the disciplinary project combines data from cohorts of PWID around QA programs. Training materials developed by this section of the the virus entering cells, Professor Turville and his group gay community and those people living with HIV. We work across the globe in order to conduct studies of risk, incidence and the laboratory were adopted by the IVRN as part of their induction have developed novel recombinant HIV virions that can the spectrum of biomedical, behavioural and structural prevention, natural history of acute HIV and HCV infection. 2011 also saw the package for new staff at laboratories participating in their Australia package fluorescent proteins and/or enzymes (essentially because effective HIV prevention acknowledges the complexities of completion of HAVIT, our NHMRC-funded two-arm randomised wide network. The laboratory acted as the central global laboratory microscopic tracking devices) in several key parts of the everyday life for at-risk communities. Our work includes behavioural trial examining the efficacy of financial incentives in increasing for flagship Kirby studies such as SECOND-LINE, Encore, MARCH, virus. Using this novel approach, the virus can be followed risk surveillance, studies of risk behaviour, and studies of use of hepatitis B immunisation completion in PWID. Intention-to- and ATAHC II. New databases and collaborative strategies were as it attaches to a cell and during subsequent infection. The biomedical preventive interventions. Researchers in HEPP conduct a treat analyses indicated that a significantly higher proportion of developed to streamline the conduct of these large complex trials. recent installation of a Deltavision Elite microscope in the range of work on the intersection of infection, immunity and cancer to participants allocated to the incentive condition completed the Further, the laboratory conducted extensive optimisation and St Vincent’s AMR PC3 laboratory enabled the imaging of inform our knowledge of how we might prevent cancer in people with vaccine series. Also in 2011, recruitment and follow-up continued verification studies of RNA- and DNA-based viral tropism assays that infections in live cells over time. Such technology within HIV. A particular focus is the prevention of anal cancer in gay men. in 2011 for the Hepatitis Incidence and Transmission Study – were then successfully transferred to the NSW State HIV Reference PC3 containment is the first of its kind in NSW and one of community (HITS-c) with more than 150 anti-HCV negative PWID Laboratory at St Vincent’s. During 2011 the RNA assay was used for two facilities nation-wide. Highlights of 2011 for the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention enrolled and 17 incident cases observed. routine care and in 2012 the DNA will be used both routinely and to Program include the commencement of the NHMRC-funded screen patients for the MARCH protocol. In 2011 the work of the HIV Biology group has focused Opposites Attract project. Opposites Attract is a five year cohort International projects in 2011 included ongoing studies of young on the dynamics of infected dendritic cells and how they study of HIV transmission in HIV serodiscordant gay couples. FSWs in Cambodia with collaborators from UCSF, NCHADS and the The second critical component of the program in 2011 was can pass virus on to the major HIV targets, CD4 T cells. The study will examine the effect of HIV treatment and HIV viral Cambodian Women’s Development Association; a study examining the conduct of clinical trials and natural history studies in This work has lead to the observation, for the first time, load on sexual risk behaviour and the rate of HIV transmission. the social and environmental influences on injection drug use with pathogenically informative populations of patients with HIV- of viral highjacking of long finger-like protrusions known The study aims to recruit 240 couples and follow them for up to collaborators at the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/ infection such as those identified with primary infection and long as filopodia, which are normally expressed on dendritic four years, with data collection on risk behaviour, HIV treatment, AIDS in Vancouver; and completion of a cluster randomised trial term non-progressors. In 2011 the three-year pathogenesis study, cells, as they providing the ability to rapidly probe the HIV viral load, and intercurrent sexually transmitted infections. of non-pharmaceutical protection against influenza in Vietnam, PINT, conducted in collaboration with the TRVP, was completed. surrounding environment. Typically for a dendritic cell, It is one of very few studies globally examining the effect of HIV in collaboration with the School of Public Health and Community The Primary Infection and LTNP cohorts continued to provide their major role is communication of the immune response. treatment on HIV transmission in homosexual men. Medicine at UNSW. valuable material for productive collaborations particularly This system maybe corrupted in HIV infected dendritic cells with Stephen Kent and Damian Purcell’s groups (Melbourne and used to transfer the virus to T cells, rapidly expanding Professor Andrew Grulich Professor Lisa Maher is Uni); Martyn French’s group (Royal Perth); The Alfeld and the infection. An understanding of these basic processes is heads the HIV Epidemiology head of the Viral Hepatitis Brumme groups at the Ragon Institute in Boston; groups likely to contribute to microbicide and vaccine development and Prevention Program with a Epidemiology and Prevention lead by Victor Appay and Brigitte Autran in the Département focus on cohort studies in at risk Program and an NHMRC senior d’Immunologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; and with the 2011 marked the passing of Dr Linda Gelgor who died of populations linked to behavioural research fellow. She conducts European collaborative effort CASCADE. In addition these were pancreatic cancer. Linda had been with the IVPP since and biomedical prevention of ethnographic, epidemiological and used for a range of studies conducted within the program. The 2006 after moving from Sydney University. Her main HIV and sexually transmitted clinical research with a focus on insights gained from these studies will hopefully impact on responsibilities were the conduct of the program’s natural infections. These types of research interventions designed to prevent immunotherapeutics and vaccine design. history studies and clinical trials. She played a major role are central to the evaluation of infectious diseases in vulnerable in the successful conduct of the Phaedra primary infection biomedical preventions strategies populations, including people In addition senior scientists and academics within the program cohort, was responsible for the reinvigoration of the LTNP such as vaccines, microbicides who inject drugs and female sex were responsible for their own research projects on pathogenesis cohort and set up the PINT trial. All in the program will and chemoprophylaxis. Professor workers. and development of therapeutics. In 2011 patented simple T cell remember her for her enthusiasm, her quiet but determined Grulich is also a world authority on the serious emerging issue of assays developed within the laboratory were tested in the field in manner and her unfailing good humour and courage. cancer in HIV. He has been at the Kirby Institute for 18 years.

8 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 9 The Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Professor Greg Dore heads the Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research a randomised controlled design to assess the effectiveness adults and also the completion of an Australia-wide survey on Program Program that investigates therapeutic strategies for people infected of coupling SMS reminders with home-based self-collected HPV vaccination conducted in collaboration with the Victorian with hepatitis B or C and particularly those for acute and chronic samples in improving the uptake of Chlamydia re-testing. Cytology Service. In conjunction with the SEPPH and ATSI hepatitis C among injecting drug users. He has been at the Kirby REACT is innovative as few trials have evaluated strategies to programs, the first annual trachoma surveillance report from the 2011 has been an exciting year in hepatitis C research with the Institute for more than 17 years. increase re-testing and none have combined the two strategies. Kirby was also released. The project evaluating interferon gamma licensing of two new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents for the Regular testing for HIV and other STIs in high risk populations is release assay for diagnosis of children with suspected tuberculosis treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection and many more new recognised as a key public health control strategy; NSW Health in PNG was completed in 2011. Trainees from Indonesia and therapies in various stages of development. The Viral Hepatitis has funded the eTEST intervention, which is designed to increase Cambodia graduated in September 2011 from the Field Research Clinical Research Program, established in 2003, continues to The Sexual Health Program the frequency of HIV/STI screening in ‘high risk’ MSM through a Training Program (FRTP), part of the HIV Consortium. This is the demonstrate national and international leadership in hepatitis novel multifaceted intervention using decision support software first cohort of trainees to complete from the program. C research, particularly in key affected communities such as coupled with other evidence-based strategies. This project will injecting drug users and HIV-coinfected populations. The Sexual Health Program leads and participates in research be assessed over a two-year period and involves 10-15 general Collaborations with Papua New Guinea have strengthened into the epidemiology, surveillance, microbiology, clinical practice clinics in Sydney that see a high case load of men who during 2011, with Andrew Vallely establishing a new Sexual and The program has three main areas. Clinical research including management, and prevention of sexually transmissible infections have sex with men. Reproductive Health Unit during his posting to the PNG Institute clinical trials forms the main part of the program’s work. The (STIs), including, but not limited to, chlamydia, syphilis, of Medical Research, as well as securing funding for new research second component is molecular virology and host genetic gonorrhoea, human papillomavirus infection, herpes simplex Initiatives to evaluate novel approaches to diagnostic testing that on human papillomavirus and cervical cancer prevention. research using samples from HepBank, a recently established virus infection, and HIV infection. Our program is also involved are aimed at improving access and uptake of treatment have been Bradley Mathers also joined the viral hepatitis sample repository. The third component is in research into the behaviour and sexual health of priority an important focus of work this year. Rebecca Guy was awarded program and spent two months epidemiological research through data linkage studies and populations for STI control such as youth, gay men, sex workers, funding by the NHMRC to support the conduct of a world first in Papua New Guinea as a mathematical modelling. Aboriginal people, prisoners and travellers. trial of using point-of-care testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and technical advisor to the HIV and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a novel molecular-based point of care STI surveillance program of the In addition to chronic hepatitis C research, the program also The Sexual Health Program works closely with several testing system. The trial will use a crossover, cluster randomised National Department of Health. has interest in the natural history of newly acquired hepatitis C other programs within the Kirby Institute. The program also design in 12 remote Aboriginal communities. It is a partnership (HCV) and treatment of acute and chronic HCV particularly in collaborates with a national network of 25 specialist sexual health between the Kirby Institute, other research organisations, state Professor John Kaldor is the setting of injecting drug use and a strong interest in HIV/ services; research laboratories in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane governments, and community Aboriginal health organisations an NHMRC Senior Principal HBV coinfection. The program’s laboratory research focuses and PNG; the School of Population Health at the University of in WA and QLD with field evaluations due to begin in 2012. The Research Fellow and Professor of on superinfection/mixed infection, protective immunity, host Melbourne; the Burnet Institute in Melbourne; and the Menzies program was also were involved in the multi-centre (Sydney Epidemiology. genetics, phylogenetics and transmission dynamics and the School of Health Research in Darwin. Methodologies used in & Melbourne, Australia and Goroka, PNG) laboratory-based incidence and prevalence of viral mutations that impart the program’s research range from descriptive epidemiology evaluation of six rapid point of care tests for syphilis. Damian resistance to the new therapies. The Viral Hepatitis Clinical with novel analytical techniques, molecular epidemiology, Conway also commenced post doctoral studies exploring various Research Program liaises with all other programs within the enhanced surveillance strategies, data linkage studies, social and aspects of Rapid HIV testing among MSM clients and staff at The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Kirby Institute, as well as with hepatologists, infectious disease behavioural research, test evaluations, detecting antimicrobial public sexual health clinics in Sydney. Islander Health Program physicians and primary care networks nationwide. resistance, evaluating and improving health care delivery, legal and policy research, anthropology, and biomedical prevention. Basil Donovan and colleagues made a successful pitch for Sydney The program plans to continue to design and coordinate multi- to host the 2015 International Society for STD Research (ISSTDR) The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program was centre clinical research trials in viral hepatitis and expand 2011 was another busy and productive year for the sexual health conference. The bid was remarkable for the fact that the ISSTDR established in 2007. The program works collaboratively the research networks in Australia, Asia and internationally. program. We continue to steer the Australian Collaboration for Conference has never been held outside North America and Europe. across sectors to close the gap in health disparity between Additionally, an expansion of the sample repository and Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS), which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous molecular virological research continues. The program is also uses routine clinical data to evaluate clinical service strategies. Professor Basil Donovan, head people, with a key focus upon sexual health and blood interested in developing and customising software applications Ninety one clinical sites participate in ACCESS, each providing of the Sexual Health Program, borne viruses. The particular objective of the program is that enhance both clinical and laboratory research. a core set of routinely collected data in de-identified line-record has spent decades working in to enhance the capacity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait format which are extracted on a six-monthly basis. The ACCESS every aspect of sexual health. His Islander communities in responding to STIs, HIV and viral Highlights of 2011 include two UNSW Major Research network provided the first reliable means of interpreting trends program undertakes research and hepatitis. Infrastructure and Initiative grants, one to develop Labkey, an in national rates of chlamydia diagnoses. In addition a national surveillance designed to inform online database to enhance laboratory research and the second genital warts surveillance system, based on the ACCESS approach, strategies to reduce the impact of The program has four main domains of activity that aim to purchase a portable FibroScan (non-invasive method for detected a population-level reduction in warts following the STIs and HIV infections and to to increase the level of Sexual Health and BBV knowledge evaluating liver fibrosis) machine for research. The program introduction of the national HPV vaccination program. The sexual conduct trials to directly reduce the within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: was awarded two grants from Merck Sharpe and Dome. health program has also continued involvement in the Australian impact of STIs] • Research: To conduct research in partnership with The first to establish and evaluate the impact of a healthy Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot (ACCEPt), lead by Associate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in the liver campaign at opiate pharmacotherapy therapy clinics Professor Jane Hocking from the University of Melbourne. In 2011, areas of STIs, HIV/AIDS and other BBVs; (Healthy Liver Campaign) and the second to coordinate a a significant milestone was reached with more than 50 towns • Surveillance: To support existing surveillance activities large international multicentre clinical trial of response guided being recruited to the study. To date, ACCEPt is the first study The Public Health Interventions and to identify innovative new areas and methods of treatment for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2/3 infection in to assess the impact of chlamydia screening on prevalence and/ Research Group surveillance that will benefit Aboriginal and Torres Strait current injection drug users (ACTIVATE). The program was also or the incidence of chlamydia sequelae in a population sample Islander communities; part of a successful five-year R01 NIH grant application for the using a randomised controlled study design. The NSW Ministerial • Capacity Building: To work with existing health International Collaboration of Incident hepatitis C in Injecting Advisory Committee on HIV and STIs (CAS) Health Promotion The Public Health Interventions Research Group undertakes a services to enhance the capacity of existing systems and Cohorts (InC3) Collaborative Sub-Committee commissioned us to conduct literature review on diverse range of projects that focus on the evaluation of strategies workforces in the areas of sexual health and BBV service Group. The five-year, NIH-funded chlamydia in young people in NSW, to inform an action plan being to prevent infectious disease. We collaborate extensively, both delivery; research; and surveillance; study of treatment for recently prepared by the Chlamydia Working Group. The review examined within the Kirby Institute and externally, and emphasise research • Information dissemination through the development acquired hepatitis C infection various aspects of chlamydia including epidemiology, sequelae, that benefits the health of disadvantaged populations in Australia of a comprehensive clearinghouse of Aboriginal and (ATAHC II) study commenced interventions to increase testing and retesting, health promotion and the Asia-Pacific Region. Much of our work also has a strong Torres Strait Islander Sexual Health initiatives including recruitment at several sites (see interventions, and level of coverage required to make an impact. capacity-building component. The group is involved in projects surveillance and research. Research studies). Professor The review was completed in November. related to the control of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, viral Greg Dore was awarded another hepatitis, tuberculosis, scabies and trachoma. Countries of activity The program works closely with the National Aboriginal five-year NHMRC Practitioner Continuing our commitment to innovative research aimed at include Australia, Papua Guinea, Indonesia, Cambodia and Fiji. Community Controlled Health Organisation, its State and Fellowship and Dr Jason Grebely improving testing for STIs, this year also saw the commencement Territory based Affiliate organisations and Aboriginal was awarded a NHMRC Career of a number of new studies. The Chlamydia re-test trial (REACT) 2011 saw the commencement of a number of record linkage Community Controlled Health Services to make a Development Fellowship. was funded by the NHMRC STI Program Grant. REACT uses studies focusing on infections and their sequelae in Australian difference to the health of indigenous communities.

10 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 11 n S ur v eillan c e

2011 saw the release of the fifth annual Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Surveillance and Evaluation Report. In addition, two major studies began in Queensland: one of HBV in the Torres Strait Islands and the other designed to recruit 300 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. During 2011, Australia’s largest randomised cluster trial ever to be conducted in Aboriginal health, named STRIVE, completed baseline prevalence studies for bacterial STI in 67 remote communities and first-year sites were initiated to the intervention arm. Work progressed through 2011 on SHIMMER, a quality improvement project in Aboriginal Community Controlled National surveillance Funding: Commonwealth Department of Status: First report expected in early 2012. Health Services in NSW; REACCH, a Centre for Clinical Research co-ordination Health and Ageing Funding: Commonwealth Department of Excellence in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health, and and information Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Health and Ageing GOANNA, a national survey of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait dissemination Program for Public Health Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Islander people regarding STI and BBV knowledge risk behaviour Program for Public Health and health service access. The program was also awarded an NHMRC Project Grant to trial the use, effectiveness and feasibility Support for national surveillance HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually of STI point of care tests in remote Aboriginal communities. committees transmissible infections in Australia Australian HIV Surveillance Report The National Blood-Borne Viruses Annual Surveillance Report The Australian HIV Surveillance Report Mr James Ward, head of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Sexually Transmissible Infectious Detailed analysis and interpretation of provides quarterly updates on the number Health Program, brings to this program many years of experience in Surveillance Committee, which had national surveillance data on HIV, viral of new diagnoses of HIV infection and indigenous health. His program works collaboratively across sectors co-ordinated surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible estimates of HIV incidence and prevalence to address the disparity in health outcomes for indigenous peoples hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections are published in HIV, viral through a network of sexual health clinics. in prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections infections in Australia from 2007, was hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections Status: ongoing. The Australian HIV and blood-borne viruses, through research, surveillance, capacity dissolved during 2011. A new committee, in Australia Annual Surveillance Report Surveillance Report, in its current format, building and information dissemination. the National Blood-Borne Virus and 2011. has been published each quarter from July Sexually Transmissible Infection Status: Ongoing. The Annual Surveillance 1990. Surveillance Sub-Committee of the Report was published for the fifteenth Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Communicable Diseases Network Australia successive year. Middleton Justice Health Research Program (CDNA) was established with Dr Christine Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Collaborators: State and Territory Selvey as its chair and the Surveillance and Middleton, Libby Topp, David Wilson health authorities; Australian Paediatric Evaluation Program for Public Health at Collaborators: State and Territory Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of The Justice Health Research Program was established at the the Kirby Institute providing the secretariat health authorities; Australian Paediatric Health and Welfare; networks involved Kirby Institute in January 2011. Designed to complement the function. The committee met for the first Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and KI approach to health and human rights, particularly among time in Canberra in September 2011, Health and Welfare; networks involved sexually transmissible infections marginalised populations, the program has a particular focus where the terms of reference of the new in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and Funding: Commonwealth Department of on Australia’s offender population. The Justice Health Research committee were reviewed. The Annual sexually transmissible infections. Health and Ageing Program undertakes research into a broad range of health issues Surveillance Report Advisory Committee Funding: Commonwealth Department of Location: Surveillance and Evaluation affecting offender populations including communicable diseases, provided guidance on the content of Health and Ageing Program for Public Health access to hepatitis C treatment in prison, Aboriginal health, the report including the new areas of Location: Surveillance and Evaluation mental health, tobacco smoking, impulsivity, and risk behaviours surveillance and new analyses of previously Program for Public Health such as alcohol use. available datasets. The Advisory Committee Bloodborne viral and sexually aims to meet on at least two occasions transmitted infections in Aboriginal Professor Tony Butler is the during a calendar year, with proposals for National Blood-borne Virus and and Torres Strait Islander People: inaugural head of the Justice new areas of surveillance or new analyses Sexually Transmissible Infections Surveillance Report 2011 Health Research Program. He of data being discussed at the first meeting Surveillance and Monitoring Report, While the pattern of diagnosis of HIV, has researched health issues in and progress towards the final report being 2011 viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted the criminal justice system for reviewed at the second meeting. For the first time, the SEPPH produced the infections in the Aboriginal and Torres more than a decade. Professor Status: ongoing National Blood-borne Virus and Sexually Strait Islander population is reported Butler’s research focus includes Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Transmissible Infections Surveillance and in the Annual Surveillance Report, more the surveillance of blood-borne Middleton, Tarana Lucky, Libby Topp, Monitoring Report 2011, which measured detailed analyses and interpretations viruses and sexually transmissible Handan Wand, Basil Donovan, John progress toward the goals of the National of national surveillance data for these infection among prison entrants Kaldor, David Wilson Strategies for HIV, viral hepatitis and infections were published separately in nationally, work on establishing Collaborators: State and Territory health sexually transmissible infections. a single comprehensive report, for use the National Prisoner Health authorities; Australian Government Personnel: David Wilson, Tony Butler, by organisations and individuals with an Indictor Project, conducting Australia’s largest epidemiological Department of Health and Ageing; David Cooper, Basil Donovan, Gregory interest in the health of Aboriginal and survey of prisoners’ mental health, research into traumatic brain Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit; Dore, Sean Emery, Andrew Grulich, Torres Strait Islander people. injury among prisoners, and a key member of a group undertaking Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, Lisa Maher, Status: The fifth issue of Bloodborne research into smoking cessation among prisoners. networks involved in surveillance for HIV, Ann McDonald, Joanne Micallef, Melanie viral and sexually transmitted infections in viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible Middleton, Kathy Petoumenos, Garrett Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: infections. Prestage, Libby Topp, James Ward Surveillance Report 2011 was released in

12 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 13 September 2011. Victoria); and Holly Beasley (WA National Trachoma Reference Group Status: Ongoing Personnel: James Ward, Andrew Nakhla, Corrective Services). National Surveillance of Trachoma Funding: Commonwealth Department of Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed Personnel: Ann McDonald Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton Status: survey report published in 2011 Australia is the only developed country Health and Ageing (DoHA) HIV infection Collaborators: State and Territory Collaborators: State and Territory Funding: (partial) State and Territories where trachoma is still endemic. It occurs Location: Surveillance and Evaluation The pattern of HIV transmission is health authorities; Australian Institute of health authorities; Australian Paediatric governments primarily in remote and very remote Program for Public Health monitored through national surveillance Health and Welfare; networks involved Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of Location: Justice Health Research Program Aboriginal communities in the NT, SA for newly diagnosed HIV infection. in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and Health and Welfare; networks involved and WA. The Australian Government, in Status: Ongoing sexually transmissible infections in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and accordance with GET 2020 initiative and Australian Red Cross Blood Service 2011 Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Funding: Commonwealth Department of sexually transmissible infections. Merging National HIV and AIDS the Closing the Gap initiative, through the Surveillance Report Middleton, David Wilson Health and Ageing Funding: Commonwealth Department of registries Improving Eye and Ear Health Services for During 2011, the SEPPH collaborated with Collaborators: State and Territory Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Health and Ageing At the Kirby Institute, new diagnoses Indigenous Australians for Better Education the Australian Red Cross Blood Service health authorities; Australian Paediatric Program for Public Health Location: Surveillance and Evaluation of AIDS and HIV infection have been and Employment Outcomes measure, in the publication of the first surveillance Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of Program for Public Health and Aboriginal reported to two separate registries, the committed $16 million over a four-year report, Transfusion-transmissible infections Health and Welfare; networks involved and Torres Strait Islander Health Program National AIDS Registry and the National period towards eliminating trachoma in in Australia 2011 Surveillance Report. This in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and Using CD4 counts at diagnosis to HIV Registry respectively, reflecting the Australia. The funding is to be used for project collects and analyses national sexually transmissible infections estimate incidence chronology of the first diagnosis of AIDS improving and expanding screening and donation testing data on Australian blood Funding: Commonwealth Department of Status: ongoing National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne in Australia in 1982 and the introduction control activities, as well as establishing donors for the period 2005 to 2010. It Health and Ageing Personnel: David Wilson, Fred Wu, Handan Virus Survey (NPEBBVS) 2010 of HIV antibody testing in 1985. While a strong framework for monitoring and aims to be a core evidence resource to Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Wand, Ann McDonald, Cliff Kerr, Richard The NPEBBVS is conducted triennially merging the two registries into a single evaluation. The National Trachoma inform further revision and evaluation of Program for Public Health Gray, Lei Zhang, James Jansson, Kylie Mallitt and involves screening a consecutive National HIV Registry has been discussed Surveillance and Reporting Unit (NTSRU) donor selection guidelines and donation Funding: Australian Research Council national sample of prisoners entering from 1993, a single registry has not yet is responsible for trachoma data collation, testing algorithms in Australia. In addition, Location: Surveillance and Evaluation the correctional system in Australia. been established. Following the proposal analysis and reporting related to the the residual risk estimates provide an Monitoring diagnoses of newly Program for Public Health The survey screens for HIV, hepatitis B, that AIDS be made non-notifiable, due to ongoing evaluation of trachoma control important tool particularly for clinical acquired HIV infection hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and the availability of effective antiretroviral strategies in Australia. stakeholders involved in patient consent for Diagnoses of newly acquired HIV infection syphilis. A short behavioural risk factor treatment for HIV infection leading to Status: The first annual National transfusion. are monitored to provide an indication of Monitoring HIV transmission through questionnaire collects information on HIV infection becoming a manageable Trachoma Surveillance Report, edited by Status: The first annual report on the current pattern of HIV transmission in specialised tests for incident HIV infection demographic characteristics, drug use, long term condition, it is now timely the NTSRU, was produced in 2011. Australian blood donors’ surveillance was Australia. Surveillance for newly acquired HIV injecting practices, tattooing, tobacco to establish a single National HIV Personnel: John Kaldor, David Wilson, published late 2011 Status: Ongoing infection provides a lower bound to the smoking, and sexual health. Registry. Records of AIDS diagnosis will Bette Liu, James Ward, Tom Snelling, Personnel: David Wilson, Clive Seed, Sue Personnel: Ann McDonald extent of recent HIV transmission, partly Personnel: Tony Butler be linked to the corresponding record Carleigh Cowling, Gordana Popovic Ismay, Stephen Wroth, June Lee, Anthony Collaborators: State and Territory due to the requirement for repeated Collaborators: Michael Levy (ACT of HIV diagnosis to create as complete Collaborators: Office for Aboriginal Keller, Claire Styles, Hung-Sing Yang, Ann health authorities; Australian Institute of testing within 12 months. Specialised Corrections Health); Devon Indig and consistent a record of HIV/AIDS and Torres Strait Islander Health, McDonald, Tarana Lucky Health and Welfare; networks involved laboratory tests for detecting incident HIV (Justice Health NSW); Kiah McGregor, diagnosis in Australia as the records will Department of Health and Ageing; Funding: Australian Red Cross Blood in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and infection may be routinely used to provide Simon Stafford, Robyn Hopkins (NT allow. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service, Australian Research Council sexually transmissible infections a more complete indication of the pattern Correctional Services); Alun Richards, Status: To be finished by June 2012. Services in the NT, WA and SA; Aboriginal Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Funding: Commonwealth Department of of recent HIV transmission. Stacy Kambouris (Queensland Health); Personnel: Tarana Lucky, Ann Medical Services Alliance of the Northern Program for Public Health Health and Ageing Status: Ongoing Peter Frost and Karen Harlin (SA Prison McDonald, Melanie Middleton, Handan Territory; Aboriginal Health Council of Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Personnel: Ann McDonald Health Service); Chris Wake and Deborah Wand, David Wilson South Australia; Country Health South Program for Public Health Collaborators: NSW State Reference Siddall (Tasmania Correctional Primary Funding: DoHA, ARC Australia; Health Department of Western Laboratory for HIV; State and Territory Health Services); Fiona MacFarlane Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Australia; The University of Melbourne; Disease surveillance health authorities; Australian Institute of and Michele Gardner (Justice Health Program for Public Health Western Australia Country Health Service; Monitoring perinatal exposure to HIV Health and Welfare; networks involved HIV The extent and outcome of perinatal in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and exposure to HIV in Australia is monitored sexually transmissible infections to indicate the rate of and risk factors for Funding: Commonwealth Department of Monitoring cases of AIDS mother-to-child HIV transmission, the Health and Ageing funded Capacity Building Grant titled From Broome imprisonment have during formative years on the The past pattern of HIV transmission, the impact of interventions for reducing the Location: Surveillance and Evaluation to Berrima, Building Capacity Australia wide in individual, their family and the wider Aboriginal pattern of illness associated with advanced risk of perinatal HIV transmission and Program for Public Health Indigenous Offender Health Research’. and Australian community?” HIV immunodeficiency and the impact of HIV prevalence among women of child- As a researcher and an Aboriginal man (he is a After his graduation later this year, Michael will antiretroviral treatment on the pattern of bearing age. Bardi man from NW Western Australia), Michael be the first Aboriginal person to complete the illness is monitored through national AIDS Status: Ongoing Community-based behavioural and is acutely aware of the disproportionate level of Master of Public Health degree at the University surveillance. Personnel: Ann McDonald epidemiological surveillance among imprisonment of Indigenous people in Australia. of Western Australia. He says that studying in the Status: Ongoing. A case for denotification Collaborators: State and Territory culturally and linguistically diverse About a quarter of the Australian prison population mainstream has been challenging, particularly of AIDS has been made by the national health authorities; Australian Paediatric populations is Indigenous although Indigenous people make as all his previous education as an adult was in bloodborne viral and STI surveillance Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of Over the past decade there has been a up only two to three percent of the population. Indigenous-specific courses, but he has benefited committee. Until AIDS is denotified, its Health and Welfare; networks involved significant rise in the number of new Aboriginal people comprise 40% of the prisoner tremendously from exposure and interaction monitoring continues. in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and diagnoses of HIV in Australia, including population in his home state of Western Australia. with other Australian and international students. Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie sexually transmissible infections those with evidence of newly acquired Michael Doyle “A lot of these guys in prison are aged between Michael intends to start a PhD in 2013. Middleton Funding: Commonwealth Department of infection. Although the majority of To prison and back – Aboriginal public 18 and 25,” Michael said. “At that age, other “Aboriginal health does not and cannot exist in Collaborators: State and Territory Health and Ageing infections still occur among men who have health people are starting out at university or in their isolation from the rest of Australian health,” he health authorities; Australian Paediatric Location: Surveillance and Evaluation sex with men, the number of HIV diagnoses first workplace, but Aboriginal men are in prison said. “Aboriginal public health can and should Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of Program for Public Health among heterosexual populations and Michael Doyle is a researcher in the Justice Health - it’s not a good start as an adult.” While Michael benefit from the world-class public health system Health and Welfare; networks involved people from CALD backgrounds has been Research Program and one of the few Aboriginal is currently researching alcohol and drug issues, in this country – we need to know how to use it to in surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and increasing. The HIV epidemic in NSW is people in the country actively researching alcohol he is also interested in the lifetime effect that our advantage.” sexually transmissible infections Monitoring long-term outcome of also experiencing a slowly shifting profile and drug rehabilitation for Indigenous men in prison. imprisonment can have on Aboriginal men. Funding: Commonwealth Department of newly acquired HIV infection such that more infections are occurring He undertakes this work as a key team investigator “Almost all prisoners are released back to the Michael Doyle, Grad Dip (Indig H Promotion) Health and Ageing The long-term outcome of HIV infection is among heterosexuals and people from CALD on a National Health and Medical Research Council- community,” Michael said, “so what effect does Research Assistant, Justice Health Research Program Location: Surveillance and Evaluation monitored among cases with a known date backgrounds. A recent analysis of national Program for Public Health of HIV acquisition. HIV surveillance data demonstrated that in

14 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 15 the past ten years the largest numbers of HIV Sexually transmissible young women’s reproductive health such Collaborators: Margaret Hellard, Program Survey (ANSPS) forms the basis diagnoses due to heterosexual contact were infections as pregnancy and contraception. Caroline Van Gemert, Mark Stoove, Isabel of Australia’s sentinel surveillance of HIV among people from CALD populations. Status: Recruitment underway and due for Bergeri, Jane Goller, Fabian Kong, Anna and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence This project will develop enhanced completion by end of 2011 Bowring, Elizabeth Sullivan, Zhuoyang and behaviour indices of risk among surveillance systems in order to support Monitoring HIV prevalence and Personnel: Bette Liu, John Kaldor, Basil Li, Wayne Dimech, Marcus Chen, people who inject drugs (PWID). Since HIV/STI prevention programs and to incidence through sexual health clinics Donovan, Julia Brotherton, Marion Saville Christopher Fairley, Catherine O’Connor, 1995, all clients attending selected Needle provide a comprehensive response to the HIV prevalence and incidence is monitored Collaborators: Victorian Cytology Service; Bridget Dickson, Lewis Marshall, Tony and Syringe Program (NSP) sites during HIV epidemic among CALD communities among people seen at sexual health clinics National HPV Vaccination Register Merritt, Jane Hocking, Marie Pirotta, a specified one to two week period are in Australia and to develop mechanisms who are voluntarily tested for HIV antibody Funding: NHMRC Program Grant, Phyllis Lau Douglas Boyle, Helena Britt, asked to complete a brief self administered that can measure changes in attitudes and as part of their clinical care. Victorian Cytology Service Clare Heal, Tom Brett, Caroline Harvey, questionnaire and to provide a capillary behaviours. This study will potentially Status: Ongoing Location: Public Health Interventions Robyn Wardle, Kathy McNamee, Lynne blood sample for HIV and hepatitis C contribute to reducing HIV infections Richard Gray Personnel: Ann McDonald Research Group Jordan, Anne Stephens, Christine Read, antibody testing. Demographic and among migrant and mobile populations in Informing prevention programs from Collaborators: Collaborative group on Deborah Bateson, Deborah Wright, Mick behavioural data captured include injecting Australia. PNG to Eastern Europe sentinel surveillance in sexual health clinics Adams, Mark Saunders, Sophie Couzos, and sexual behaviour, blood borne virus Status: Commenced 2011. Survey drafted Funding: Commonwealth Department of Surveillance of genital warts through Jenny Hunt, Peter Waples-Crowe, David testing, drug treatment and needle and in collaboration with the reference group. Richard Gray works on practical projects Health and Ageing Australian sexual health services Scrimgeour, Sid Williams, Ana Herceg, Liz syringe acquisition. A National Data Report, Ethics application approved. to directly inform STI and HIV policy and Location: Surveillance and Evaluation A national program of human papilloma Moore, Michael Beckmann, Julie MacPhail, summarising national and state/territory Personnel: David Wilson, Rebecca Guy, programs. Leadership in the development Program for Public Health virus (HPV) vaccination of Australian Marian Currie, Zena Robinson, Trent data is produced by VHEPP on an annual Elizabeth Mlambo of mathematical models to project teenage girls and young women requires Miller, Megan Halliday, Paul Goldwater basis. Funding: NSW Health epidemic trajectories. systems that can provide long-term Funding: Commonwealth Department Status: Ongoing Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Dr Gray is also a co-investigator on a major Monitoring HIV antibody prevalence surveillance for trends in HPV-related of Health and Ageing Chlamydia Pilot Personnel: Jenny Iversen, Libby Topp, Lisa Program for Public Health project which began this year for members among prison entrants in Australia diseases. Genital warts can only be Program (2007-2010) Maher of the Surveillance and Evaluation Program HIV transmission among people entering prevented by quadrivalent vaccine that also Co-location: Sexual Health Program, Collaborators: Australian State for Public Health. Funded by the World Australian prisons is monitored through covers HPV types 6 and 11. We established a Public Heath Interventions Research Group, and Territory health authorities; the Bank, the task is to evaluate HIV prevention reports received from State and Territory network for enhanced sentinel surveillance Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Collaboration of Australian Needle and Viral hepatitis programs in a number of countries in Asia Departments of Corrections of the number of genital warts in eight larger sexual health Public Health, Biostatistics and Databases Syringe Programs; St Vincent’s Centre and Eastern Europe. It’s part of a large grant of people received into prisons each clinics across Australia. Program for Applied Medical Research (AMR) and for which SEPPH program head, A/Professor quarter, the numbers who were voluntarily Status: The first major report was published NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed David Wilson, is the lead investigator. tested for HIV antibody and the numbers online in Lancet Infectious Diseases in 2011. at St Vincent’s Hospital; Association for viral hepatitis Dr Gray works on the evaluation of the with diagnosed HIV infection. Data collection is ongoing. Hepatitis Analysis Prevention and Harm Reduction Programs The pattern of transmission of viral cost-effectiveness and impact of HIV Status: Ongoing Personnel: Basil Donovan, Rebecca Australia (ANEX); Australian Injecting and hepatitis is monitored through national prevention programs in Thailand, Indonesia Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Ann Guy, Hammad Ali, David Regan, Andrew Illicit Drug Users’ League (AIVL); National surveillance for newly diagnosed hepatitis and Armenia in Eastern Europe. His work McDonald Grulich, Handan Wand Modelling and economic evaluation Drug Research Institute (NDRI); Drug and B and hepatitis C infection, and newly will directly inform the policy and national Collaborators: State and Territory Collaborator: Christopher Fairley of hepatitis C epidemic mitigation Alcohol Service, St Vincent’s Hospital. acquired infections notified to the National budgets for HIV in an era when the many Departments of Corrections Funding: CSL Biotherapies Ltd strategies in Australia Funding: Australian Government Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. countries are losing funding from the Funding: Commonwealth Department of Co-location: Sexual Health Program, The model is informed by the best available Department of Health and Ageing Information on exposure category Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Health and Ageing Biostatistics and Databases Program and Australian demographic, epidemiological, Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and and country of birth for cases of newly and Malaria, itself in budgetary difficulties Location: Surveillance and Evaluation HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program sexual behaviour and injection behaviour Prevention Program acquired hepatitis B and C notifications is since the Global Financial Crisis. This loss Program for Public Health data, treatment rates and published also obtained through NNDSS. of international funding has increased the literature. Australian Census Data (2001 Status: Ongoing need to ensure that limited resources are Australian Collaboration on Chlamydia and 2006) from the Australian Bureau of The Law and Sexworker Health (LASH) Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Libby allocated for the best possible outcomes. Monitoring HIV and viral hepatitis Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) Statistics are used to determine specific Project Topp, Lisa Maher Dr Gray is no stranger to work applicable among blood donors Chlamydia is the most commonly notified movement patterns across Statistical Local It has long been suspected that different Collaborators: State and Territory health to countries other than Australia. Twice Newly emerging patterns of transmission infection in Australia and is an important Areas (SLAs) to simulate geographical legal climates have different health and authorities; Australian Government this year, and on many previous visits, he of HIV and viral hepatitis are monitored cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, migration. Expected outcomes include welfare outcomes for sex workers. As Department of Health and Ageing has been in Papua New Guinea as part of among blood donors, a subgroup of the ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility in the number of new HCV infections, liver its various jurisdictions have different Funding: Commonwealth Department of a project to develop the first PNG-specific population at low risk of infection who women. Chlamydia notifications have been failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver prostitution laws, Australia is an ideal Health and Ageing HIV transmission model. Dr Gray cites the are compulsorily tested for blood-borne increasing for over a decade. However, the transplant, and liver-related death within country to study the effects of those laws. Location: Surveillance and Evaluation SEPPH philosophy: to evaluate the past, to viruses. basis of the increase is not well understood. the Australian population. Three capital cities were chosen for their Program for Public Health understand the present and to forecast the Status: Ongoing The ACCESS program determines Status: Progressing towards deliverables different legal climates: Melbourne, where future of the HIV epidemic of whichever Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Ann chlamydia testing and positivity rates in 2012 sex work is only decriminalised in licensed country they are working on. Dr Gray’s McDonald in priority populations nationally also Funding: National Health and Medical brothels (licensing), otherwise it remains Monitoring long-term outcomes of PNG model has been implemented as Collaborator: Australian Red Cross Blood maintains an ongoing surveillance system. Research Council (NHMRC) illegal; Perth, where sex work remains chronic hepatitis B and C a software package so that all PNG Service Populations of interest include young Personnel: David Wilson, Rosie Thein, criminalised; and Sydney, where most Data is obtained from the Australian and stakeholders can use it to evaluate their Funding: Commonwealth Department of heterosexuals, men who have sex with Murray Krahn, Lisa Maher, Greg Dore, form of adult sex work are decriminalised, New Zealand Liver Transplant Register on prevention programs and relevant health Health and Ageing men, sex workers, pregnant women, and John Kaldor, Shamin Kinathil without licensing. number and underlying cause (hepatitis policy, particularly with a view to the Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Indigenous people. The program involves Collaborator: University of Toronto Through legal research we determined B and C, other) for liver transplants potential future impact of the epidemic. Program for Public Health national collaborative networks of selected Location: Surveillance and Evaluation the laws and the level of policing of those performed. “It has also been used to assess the impact services including sexual health clinics, Program for Public Health laws in Victoria, WA, and NSW. We also Status: Ongoing of male circumcision as a possible HIV antenatal clinics, Aboriginal Community mapped the female brothel-based sex Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Greg Dore prevention strategy,” Dr Gray said. “Along Young Women’s Reproductive Health Controlled Health Services, family industry in each city. Brothels were chosen Collaborator: Australia and New Zealand with other research, my results have lead Study planning clinics, general practices and at random, with a survey target of 200 Liver Transplant Register directly to policy recommendations in PNG.” This is a nationally representative survey laboratories. Behavioural Survellance sex workers in each city. Each brothel Funding: Commonwealth Department of of young women designed to obtain Status: A number of peer-reviewed reports was repeated approached until every sex Health and Ageing Richard Gray BSc(Hons), PhD population-based information on human published worker consented to participate or refused. Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Lecturer, Surveillance and Evaluation papillomavirus vaccination coverage, Personnel: Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, The Australian needle and syringe Each participating sex worker completed Program for Public Health Program for Public Health prevalence of genital warts and genital Hammad Ali, John Kaldor, Andrew Grulich, program survey (ANSPS) a questionnaire that was available in Chlamydia and other issues pertinent to James Ward, Handan Wand, David Wilson The Australian Needle and Syringe 4 languages. Those women were then

16 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 17 offered testing for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, Collaborators: Sandra Egger (Faculty maximising health outcomes. Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Status: Commenced 2011 with the aim of informing the design of Mycoplasma genitalium infection, and of Law, UNSW); Sepehr Tabrizi (Royal Status: Commenced 2011 Program for Public Health Personnel: Mark Boyd, James Jansson, effective public health interventions based trichomoniasis. Comparisons were made Women’s and Royal Children’s Hospitals Personnel: David Wilson, Lei Zhang, David Wilson, Kathy Petoumenos on effective STI treatment. The results of between cities. , Melbourne); Christopher Fairley Richard Gray, Cliff Kerr, Hla Hla (Rosie) Funding: Australian Research Council this work are being applied to Australian Status: Data collection was completed (Melbourne Sexual Health Centre/ Thein, Alex Hoare, Josephine (Pen) Clinical service delivery for HIV- (ARC) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander at the end of 2008 and analyses and University of Melbourne) Reyes, Xun Zhuang, Eric Chow, Quang positive people in Australia Location: Surveillance and Evaluation communities, Australian men who have sex reporting of the findings are still Funding: NSW Health Pham, Ka Ian (Corrine) Iu, Dam Ahn Models of HIV clinical care in Australia Program for Public Health with men (MSM), and Papua New Guinea underway. Several peer-reviewed papers Location: Sexual Health Program Tran, Kel Heymer, Amy Kwon, Karen vary substantially across jurisdiction. (PNG). have been published. The research Schneider, Charisse Farr, Andrew Craig, As a result, patients in different areas Status: A review of STI, IDU, and HIV in has attracted invitations to present at Kevin Yianjie, Wai Lok Yiu, Megan Tapia receive treatment from clinicians with Using mathematical models to assess Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders national and international conferences. Collaborators: World Bank Global HIV/ highly differing levels of expertise in HIV the impact of interventions to reduce is being conducted. A paper on the WA and NSW Health Departments have AIDS Program; National Center for clinical management. The current ability sexually transmitted infections in relationship between syphilis and HIV in commissioned state-specific reports Reviews, analyses and AIDS Prevention and Control; Nantong of HIV clinical services to meet the needs Australia Australian gay men has been published and on their sex industries. The Victorian mathematical modelling University; Tsinghua University; of people living with HIV is unknown. Mathematical models that describe the a model of HIV and STI transmission in Government commissioned further University of Indonesia; Indonesia To assess the potential to meet future transmission of STIs are powerful tools Aboriginal populations is currently being research into its unlicensed sector. National AIDS Commission; Indonesian service HIV clinical service demand given that can facilitate our understanding developed. Personnel: Basil Donovan, Chris Evaluation and cost effectiveness of Ministry of Health; University of Malaya; expected growth in clinical service needs, of the transmission dynamics and the Personnel: David Wilson, Richard Gray, Harcourt, Karen Schneider, Handan HIV prevention in Asia Malaysian Ministry of Health; Malaysian and predicted geographical movement of epidemiology of an STI in a population. James Ward, Andrew Grulich, Basil Wand, John Kaldor In Asia, the HIV epidemics are AIDS Council; Malaysia National Anti- the HIV population. Importantly, they can help us identify Donovan, Sheila Matete-Owiti, Gordana Collaborators: Sandra Egger, Christopher concentrated, driven by the prevalence Drug Agency; Royal Malaysian Police; The Australasian Society for HIV Medicine the most effective interventions for Popovic Fairley, Marcus Chen, Lewis Marshall, of risky practices such as injecting drug Malaysian Prison Department; National (ASHM) will use the results of this study lowering STI prevalence in a population. Funding: National Health and Medical Sepehr Tabrizi, Sexual Workers Outreach use (IDU) and unprotected sex among Epidemiology Center, Department to target specific locations where the Interventions are usually expensive to Research Council (NHMRC) Project, Sydney; RhED, Melbourne; sex workers and their sexual contacts. of Health, Philippines; World Health population of people living with HIV is implement and take time to evaluate, Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Magenta, Perth. Drawing from data and experiences Organization, Manila; HIV-NAT (HIV- undersupplied with HIV expertise, and but mathematical models can provide Program for Public Health Funding: NHMRC Project Grant, Victorian from countries in East Asia & Pacific, Netherlands-Australia-Thailand) provide additional clinical training in an efficient means for policy makers to Department of Human Services Europe & central Asia and the South Asia Research Collaboration; Thai Ministry these areas. A seven-question survey was assess the impact of interventions before Co-location: Sexual Health Program, Region, this study will contribute to the of Health; Viet Nam Administration of sent to 270 hospital departments, sexual implementation; this aids the design of Modelling cellular and intercellular Public Heath Interventions Research Group improvement of the effectiveness and HIV/AIDS Control; UNAIDS, Viet Nam; health services and general practices with more effective interventions. The output dynamics of chlamydia infections and Biostatistics and Databases Program efficiency of HIV prevention responses Pasteur Institute expertise in HIV management Australia- from these models can link with economic Chlamydia trachomatis is the most in Asia’s concentrated HIV epidemic Funding: The World Bank Group wide. Data collection was completed models to examine issues of allocative and common sexually transmitted disease settings. Location: Surveillance and Evaluation in June 2011, and statistical analysis is technical efficiency (whether to invest in the world, and in women it can cause Report on the sex industry in New HIV/AIDS effectiveness evaluation and Program for Public Health currently being performed. and if so, how). In view of the marked infertility without any prior symptoms. South Wales cost-effectiveness studies have become Status: Ongoing. increases in STIs and the National STI The innate immune response plays This is a state specific report of the Sex important analytical tools to understand Personnel: Kylie Mallitt, David Wilson, Strategy, there is an immediate need for a part in determining the viability of Industry in New South Wales that was what HIV investments have bought, Systematic review and meta-analyses Handan Wand, Levinia Crooks, David tools to help explore the potential of and a chlamydial infection, but a strong commissioned by the NSW Ministry of whether the interventions averted new of HIV comorbid conditions McGuigan inform the design of interventions aimed innate immune response appears to Health. infections and AIDS deaths, and at Status: ongoing Collaborator: Australasian Society for at reducing STIs. be paradoxically associated with more Status: Final report submitted November what cost. They can support decision- Personnel: David Wilson, Jo Watson, HIV Medicine The findings from this project will inform severe pathology. A better understanding 2011 making and prioritisation of intervention James Jansson, Fakhrul Islam, Fred Wu Funding: Australian Research Council the development of public health policy of the innate immune response will aid Personnel: Basil Donovan, Chris strategies and target groups within the Funding: Australian Research Council (ARC) on the most cost effective strategies for vaccine development and treatment Harcourt, John Kaldor, Handan Wand, HIV/AIDS response with its overall goals (ARC), National Association of People Location: Surveillance and Evaluation reducing the incidence of STIs and their strategies. Lucy Watchirs Smith of minimising the burden of disease and Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA) Program for Public Health sequelae in Australian populations. The This study aims to discover the essential work will also provide useful insight correlates of chlamydial infection of the to researchers developing Chlamydia human reproductive tract. The project is Projecting clinical and economic vaccines on the necessary properties of conceived to prime effective translational outcomes associated with people living potential vaccines for effective control of research through the identification with various government officials, and our study research, interventions and treatment needs. Our with HIV (PLWH) in Australia Chlamydia. and characterization of antigens of results are being used to inform health policy to work with the AIDS orphans is still at the planning PLWH have access to a variety of drugs Status: ongoing relevance in the naturally infected host improve prevention and monitoring programs stage but we are committed to help them.” which decrease the viral load and hence Personnel: Jane Hocking, David Regan, and pathogenetic mechanisms at play in for people in China,” Dr Zhang said. The second Dr Zhang’s projects are mostly related to China the effects of HIV infection. These drugs David Wilson, David Philp, Anthony the complex, natural environment of the group are NGOs and communities. “One is and South East Asia. He has also had a role in the increase the longevity of PLWH, and with Smith, James Ward, Matthew Law, John female genital tract. high-level and one is grassroots,” he said. “We Surveillance and Evaluation Program’s evaluation a relatively small set of drugs available, Kaldor, Rob Carter, Ben Hui In vivo data and preliminary in vitro data need to know the real situation at that level of needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in Eastern it is possible that PLWH will outlive their Collaborators: University of Melbourne, have been collected. We are currently and understand the difficulties and struggles of Europe and Central Asia. HIV prevalence was treatment options. To what extent this La Trobe University, Deakin University, developing mathematical models to people living with HIV in China.” very low in these areas before the breakup of will occur is unknown, and the effect that Queensland University of Technology analyse in vivo data. Through this work, Dr Zhang has become a the Soviet Union but it is now growing rapidly, this will have on mortality of PLWH is Funding: National Health and Medical Status: ongoing. passionate advocate for a group known as AIDS particularly among injecting drug users. “We of vital importance for planning future Research Council (NHMRC) Personnel: David Wilson, Andrew Craig, orphans, who face a high level of discrimination and are seeing a delayed epidemic, but it’s very fast,” drug investment. This study will aim to Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Patrik Bavoil, Roger Rank, Jacques Ravel, Lei Zhang stigma, such that they are unable to enrol in schools. he said. “We have shown that NSEPs are highly determine the effect that passage through Program for Public Health and Biostatistics Anthony Maurelli, G. Myers, Peter Timms, HIV public health in China They are the children of people who became HIV- effective and cost-effective, and one country treatment stages and beyond (where new and Databases Program Ken Beagley infected through the blood supply in two central [Armenia] has already incorporated our research treatments are unavailable) has on the life Collaborators: University of Maryland, Chinese-born Lei Zhang is an epidemiologist provinces, Henan and Anhui, from unregulated into their health policy for HIV prevention.” expectancy of individuals infected with Baltimore; Queensland University of working in HIV public health. He has trained in blood donation schemes in the late 1990s. About HIV. Various modelling techniques will be Modelling the interaction between Technology; Arkansas Children’s Hospital Australia and Germany but his work frequently a third of their children are HIV-positive. “This is Lei Zhang BSc (Adv Hons), MSc, PhD, MPH employed to simulate treatment pathways sexually transmitted infections and HIV Research Institute takes him back to China, where he works with two a very special group,” Dr Zhang said. “We have Lecturer, Surveillance and Evaluation Program for of individuals initiating HAART in 2011. transmission to inform public health Funding: National Institutes of Health very separate groups. “We have collaborations worked with local organisations to facilitate Public Health Those treatment pathways will be based policy (NIH); Australian Research Council (ARC) on both currently available drugs and This project is investigating the interaction Location: Surveillance and Evaluation theoretical future drugs. between STIs and HIV transmission Program for Public Health

18 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 19 n c lini al resear h

The results from this project provide Modelling, evaluation and health a stronger evidence base for effective economic analysis of HIV epidemics in HIV policies and programs in NSW. By Australia incorporating both modelling and social While other Australian jurisdictions have research to determine interventions experienced a rise in HIV notifications which are both effective and acceptable, during the last decade, NSW alone has polices are more likely to be taken up not observed increases in notification in the community and result in larger rates. Although this could be considered epidemiological benefits. This project has a success for NSW, the population rate now been completed with the launch of of HIV diagnosis in NSW has remained the NSW HIV Modelling & Acceptability higher than in other Australian report in February 2011. Electronic release jurisdictions. This, coupled with trends expected in early 2012. towards changes in behaviour, highlight Status: Completed 2011. the need to develop strategies likely to be Personnel: David Wilson, Garrett both epidemiologically effective and socially Prestage, Richard Gray, Ian Down, Alex acceptable. Hoare, Haris Ghaus, Jack Bradley A NSW-specific mathematical model of Collaborators: Australian Research HIV antiretroviral Kat Marks, Kate McGhie, Julie Yeung, John Sites: four sites in four countries HIV transmission was developed which Centre in Sex Health and Society, La Trobe therapy Murray Enrolled/target: 30/300 accurately represents detail of sexual University, Melbourne Funding: Merck & Co Inc Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Carlo Dazo, behaviour and heterogeneity of the gay Funding: NSW Health Randomised trial in primary HIV Co-location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Hila Haskelberg, Kathy Petoumenos, Steve population in NSW and the reported Location: Surveillance and Evaluation infection looking at three forms of Research Program and Immunovirology and Kerr epidemiology. This model was used Program for Public Health intervention (SPARTAC) Pathogenesis Funding: UNSW to simulate the expected population SPARTAC (short pulse antiretroviral Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine incidence and prevalence of HIV in NSW treatment at seroconversion) looks at the Research Program according to a number of future scenarios effect on CD4 T-cells of three interventions PHIDISA Ia of specific changes in behaviour or at primary HIV infection, either treating A prospective epidemiological cohort interventions. In parallel to this modelling with antiretroviral therapy for 12 or 48 study of HIV and risk-related co-infections ENCORE1 community-based social research among weeks or not treating at all until CD4 in the South African National Defence A randomised, double-blind, placebo- gay men in NSW was conducted to gain declines to <350 cells. Enrolment ceased Force (SANDF). controlled clinical trial to determine insight into the current knowledge, in June 2007, by which time 37 patients Status: Recruitment opened January 2004. the safety and efficacy of reduced dose attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV had been screened. 31 patients continue to Sites: Six military medical sites in efavirenz (400mg qd) versus standard infection and the acceptability of potential be followed up. Republic of South Africa dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as part of interventions and regarding trends in Status: study completed, final manuscript Enrolled/target: 8,439/unlimited combination therapy in treatment naive behaviour change. This social research with publishers. Personnel: Sean Emery individuals with HIV infection. applied a mixed-method approach, Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Pat Grey Funding: US National Institutes of Health; Status: recruitment open August 2011 incorporating both qualitative and Collaborators: Jonathon Weber, Sarah US Department of Defense; South African Sites: 52 quantitative data collection and analysis, Fidler, Robert Finlayson, Mark Bloch, National Defence Force Target: 630 and involving focus groups and survey Robert McFarlane, Cassy Workman, Nick Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Mark Boyd, questionnaires. Doong, David Cooper, Mark Kelly, Norman Research Program Dianne Carey, Enmoore Lin, Jessica Taylor, Roth, Dr BK Tee, Richard Moore, Philip Carlo Dazo, Anna Donaldson, Janaki Amin Cunningham, Kate McGhie, Julie Yeung Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Funding: Wellcome Trust ALTAIR Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Location: Immunovirology and A randomised open-label study comparing Research Program observational study designed to estimate the HCV infection have been observed in the cohort. Pathogenesis Program the safety and efficacy of three different incidence of primary HCV infection and viral The HITS-c cohort is part of a program of HCV combination antiretroviral regimens as clearance; assess the impact of different strategies vaccine preparedness studies being conducted by initial therapy for HIV infection. ENCORE1 CNS Sub-study in recruiting at-risk people who inject drugs; VHEPP which is designed to lay the groundwork PINT Status: Recruitment January 2007 to A randomised, double-blind, placebo- identify factors associated with retention and for Australian field trials of candidate HCV A study of the effects of the integrase February 2008, week 48 data lead to controlled clinical trial to determine protocol adherence; evaluate the efficacy of a brief vaccines in people who inject drugs by answering inhibitor, raltegravir, on viral reservoirs inclusion of week 144 follow-up visit. the safety and efficacy of reduced dose intervention designed to increase HCV vaccine key scientific questions, building community in those treated at primary HIV-infection Sites: 37 sites in 15 countries efavirenz (400mg qd) versus standard clinical trial literacy; and determine willingness to capacity, and establishing the necessary compared to those treated during chronic Enrolled/target: 329/300 dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as part of participate in future trials. infrastructure to conduct future efficacy trials. infection. Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Carlo Dazo, combination therapy in treatment naive Bethany White’s doctorate work, looking at the “We need to know that we can identify and Status: The trial was fully enrolled at Hila Haskelberg, Kathy Petoumenos individuals with HIV infection: EFV central feasibility of conducting field trials of candidate successfully engage this group, in order to recruit 16 patients. All patients completed the Funding: Gilead Sciences nervous system exposure sub-study. HCV vaccines, has had a number of successes. them and retain them for future trials,” said initial phase of trial (52 weeks) and 15 Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Status: recruitment commenced Bethany White While managing the HITS-c field team, Bethany Bethany, who has had six publications and twelve remain in two-year extension phase which Research Program September 2011 Toward a vaccine for hepatitis C virus spent time in areas of Sydney known to have high conference presentations from her work. “But to will be completed in 2011. All patients on Sites: five sites in four countries numbers of people who inject drugs. do it well will require a high level of resources and F/U completed final visit. First 52 week Target: approximately 40 The development of safe and effective hepatitis “One of the best parts of this study has been long-term commitment.” She hopes to submit her manuscript published. Extension phase ALTAIR MRS Sub-study Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Enmoore Lin, C virus (HCV) vaccines will depend not only on the contact with the participants,” she said. “I thesis in 2012. results to be analysed. A randomised open-label study comparing Jessica Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Janaki Amin identifying candidates but on the existence of know the names and faces of the first 80 or 100 Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, *Linda the safety and efficacy of three different Funding: UNSW suitable high-risk cohorts in which they can be people enrolled in the study, and we have had an Bethany White BA (Psych), MPH Gelgor, Pat Grey, Kersten Koelsch, combination antiretroviral regimens as Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine tested. Australia is one of only four countries in extremely high retention rate – just over 80 percent Study Co-ordinator and PhD candidate, Christophe Boesecke, Sean Emery, Wendy initial therapy for HIV infection: CNS Research Program the world known to have such cohorts. at 24 months and that’s very unusual for this Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program Lee, Janaki Amin, David Cooper (*deceased metabolite and cognitive impairment. The Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission group.” A total of 170 people have been enrolled Thesis title: Hepatitis C vaccine preparedness in 2011) Status: Recruitment April 2007 to August Study – Community (HITS-c) is a prospective over three years and so far 24 cases of incident Supervisors: Lisa Maher and Greg Dore Collaborators: Robert Finlayson, Mark 2011, week 144 follow-up visit. Week 48 ENCORE1 Intensive Pharmacokinetics Bloch, Robert McFarlane, John Zaunders, data published in JID 2010. Sub-study

20 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 21 A randomised, double-blind, placebo- Sites: 40 participants of the START protocol, after controlled clinical trial to determine Target: 558 recruited Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral receiving information from one of two the safety and efficacy of reduced dose Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, Therapy (START) different types of consent form: a standard efavirenz (400mg qd) versus standard Natalie Espinosa, Nisha Seneviratne, Maria An open-label randomised multicentre or a concise consent. dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as part of Arriaga, Rosemary Robson, Wendy Lee trial to examine the safety and efficacy of Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. combination therapy in treatment naive Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR commencing combination antiretroviral To date 1297/4000 enrolled, with 256 in individuals with HIV infection: intensive Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine therapy at a CD4+ cell count of > the Sydney region. 24 hour pharmacokinetic analysis. Research Program 500 cells/mm3 versus commencing Sites: 75 in the pilot phase with 15 sites Status: recruitment commenced at a CD4+ cell count of <350 cells/ in the Sydney region (sites coordinated September 2011 mm3. This initiative includes several by the Kirby Institute), expanding in the Sites: four sites in four countries SECOND-LINE Dried Blood Spot sub- substantial substudies (see below definitive phase (from October 2010) with Target: approximately 40 Sarah Pett study for details) designed to determine Hila Haskelberg a further 19 sites in the Sydney Region. Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Dianne Carey, Balancing HIV, influenza and patients To test concordance between dried blood the effects of treatment with ART on Bone loss during HIV disease Target: n=2000. Enmoore Lin, Jessica Taylor, Carlo Dazo, spots to assess viral load and genotypes as neurological manifestations of HIV Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, Janaki Amin Dr Sarah Pett is a physician who has compared to centrally tested stored samples. disease, cardiovascular complications, Antiretroviral treatments mean that Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough (maternity Funding: UNSW combined her academic career in clinical Status: Closed to enrolment bone mineral metabolism, chronic people with HIV are much less likely to get leave), Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Lara Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine research at the Kirby Institute with her Sites: 40 obstructive pulmonary disease, liver sick or die from AIDS-related conditions. Cassar, Sarah Pett Research Program clinical work in infectious diseases at St Target: 150 fibrosis progression and abbreviated forms However, morbidity and mortality Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Vincent’s Hospital since 2000. She is Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, of informed consent documentation. continues to exceed the levels expected BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS currently clinical project leader on three Natalie Espinosa Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. in comparison with HIV-negative people. Treatment Network; Department of ENCORE1 Neurocognitive Sub-study large-scale studies: START, MARCH and Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR To date 1639/4000 enrolled, with 274 in As survival continues to improve and the Bioethics, The Clinical Center, NIH A randomised, double-blind, placebo- FLU002/003. Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine the Sydney region. affected population enters middle age, Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine controlled clinical trial to determine The most recent study is MARCH, Research Program Sites: 100 in the pilot phase with 17 new problems have emerged. The average Research Program the safety and efficacy of reduced dose established this year and with the first sites co-ordinated by the Kirby Institute), HIV-positive man is losing about ten years efavirenz (400mg qd) versus standard patient enrolled in October 2011. MARCH expanding in the definitive phase with from his life expectancy; people with HIV in dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as part of is a switch study in HIV-1 infected SECOND-LINE Body Composition sub- a further 30 sites co-ordinated by KI (in developed countries are more likely to die of Genomics: A substudy of Strategic combination therapy in treatment naive participants. The study explores whether study Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Israel, Thailand, cardiovascular, liver and kidney disease and Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment individuals with HIV infection: the switching one component of combination To determine the difference in mean Nigeria, India, Malaysia and Australia). cancer. Hila Haskelberg’s work addresses (START) neurocognitive sub-study. antiretroviral therapy for another is limb fat changes and BMD changes at the Target: pilot phase enrolment 1200 aspects of bone loss in this population. The The purpose of this substudy is to obtain a Status: recruitment commenced equally effective in suppressing t levels of proximal femur as measured by DXA scan patients with 220 from sites coordinated traditional risk factors for bone loss in the whole blood sample from which DNA will September 2011 virus in the blood. Switch strategies are between the 2 study arms in a sub-set of by the Kirby Institute; enrolment general population include age, low body be extracted to study validated (present Sites: 17 sites in 11 countries important because they provide options the SECOND-LINE cohort. in the definitive phase will be 4000 weight, gender and race; family history; and and future) genetic variants that determine Target: 126 for toxicity management. Dr Pett leads Status: Closed to enrolment (with approximately 1000 from sites exercise, smoking and alcohol behaviours. the risk of the various primary and Personnel: Amanda Clarke, Rebekah Puls, an Australian team of three study co- Sites: 40 coordinated by the Kirby Institute) For HIV-infected people, the virus itself, secondary outcomes assessed in START. Anna Donaldson, Stephen Kerr ordinators, a database manager and an Target: 212 Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, the course of infection and the type of Status: Since April 2009, 1156/4000 Funding: UNSW administrative assistant (as well as six staff Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough (maternity antiretroviral drug are also associated with enrolled, with 172 in the Sydney region. Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine in co-ordinating centres in Latin America, Nisha Seneviratne, Paddy Mallon, Jennifer leave), Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Lara differential bone morbidity. Low bone Sites: as many of the START sites as Research Program Spain and Germany) for MARCH, which is Hoy, Waldo Belloso, Samuel Ferret Cassar, Sarah Pett mineral density, osteoporosis and fractures possible to be involved; to date 125 sites are to be conducted at 60 sites in 13 countries. Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR Funding: Division of AIDS (DAIDS), The appear more common in HIV-infected adults registered with 17 in the Sydney region There are also three sub-studies, looking at Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine National Institute of Allergy and Infectious than in healthy adults. Hila’s first project, Target: as many of the overall cohort of ENCORE2 the effects of switching to maraviroc-based Research Program Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of a substudy of the STEAL study, addressed 4000 START patients as possible. Pharmacokinetics of plasma lamivudine regimens on neurocognitive, renal and Health (NIH); Australian National Health bone turnover markers. These biochemical Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, (3TC), and its active intracellular cardiovascular health. She also leads two and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); markers allow a specific assessment of Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough (maternity anabolite 3TC-triphosphate over a 24 hour ongoing studies of influenza. FLU002 and ART Intensification with raltegravir Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le new bone formation and old bone removal leave), Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Lara dosing interval following administration of FLU003 are international observational and hyper-immune bovine colostrum SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS, from the skeleton. That process of renewal Cassar, Sarah Pett 3TC 300 mg and 150 mg once daily to HIV- studies funded through the INSIGHT (CORAL) France); Bundesministerium für Bildung appears to be unbalanced in the presence of Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; negative healthy volunteers. network. Both began in 2009 in as part A randomised, double-blind, placebo und Forschung (BMBF, Germany); NEAT HIV and the choice of ART may have role. BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS Status: Completed 2010, submitted for of the response to the first pandemic of controlled multi-centre study to - European AIDS Treatment Network; “At the cellular level, immune activation and Treatment Network; Division of Clinical publication 2011 influenza for over 40 years – 2009 H1N1 measure the effect on CD4+ outcomes Department of Bioethics, The Clinical systemic chronic inflammation may affect Research, NIAID, NIH Sites: one: Chelsea & Westminster – and are expected to continue to 2014. of combination antiretroviral therapy Center, NIH; Division of Clinical Research, bone cells and lead to a decrease in bone Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Hospital, London Dr Pett co-ordinates 21 sites in FLU002 intensification with or without passive NIAID, NIH; National Cancer Institute mineral density,” Hila said. Research Program Target: 24 HIV-1-negative subjects and 17 sites in FLU003, in Latin America, immunotherapy to reduce immune (NCI), NIH; National Heart, Lung, and “I am looking at the possible toxic effects Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Paul Fahey, Australia and SE Asia. These studies have activation in HIV-infected individuals with Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH; National of HIV and antiretroviral treatment on Enmoore Lin, Jessica Taylor, Carlo Dazo, created an enormous repository of both persistent CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/ Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), bone, including bone mineral density, bone Neurology: A substudy of Strategic Natalie Espinosa blood and virus samples, which are already µL despite prolonged HIV plasma viraemia NIH; National Institute of Neurological turnover biochemical markers and vitamin D Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation being used to answer important clinical and <50 copies/mL for at least 12 months on Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH; status in HIV-infected patients. I’m looking at (START) Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine pathogenesis questions about influenza. combination antiretroviral therapy. National Institute for Arthritis and different populations of patients, at different The purpose of the substudy is to Research Program “The main focus of my research to date has Status: Analysis completed. All sites Multiple Sclerosis (NIAMS), NIH stages of their disease and treatment to try determine whether immediate initiation been in the field of HIV,” Dr Pett said, “so closed August 2010. Manuscript published Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine and further understand the development of of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in ART- it has been extremely gratifying to use my J Infec Dis 2011 Research Program bone loss in HIV-infected adults.” naïve persons with a CD4+ count > SECOND-LINE broader infectious disease experience in the Sites: 20 Australian sites 500 cells/mm3 is superior, with respect A randomised open-label study comparing clinical trial setting, such as in influenza.” Enrolled/target: 75/72 Hila Haskelberg BSc; PhD candidate, to neurocognitive function, compared the safety and efficacy of ritonavir boosted Personnel: Helen Byakwaga, Hila Informed Consent Substudy: A Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program to deferring ART initiation until CD4+ lopinavir and 2-3N(t)RTI backbone versus Dr Sarah L. Pett BSc(Hons), MB BS(Hons), Haskelberg, Kymme Courtney-Vega, substudy of Strategic Timing of Thesis title: Antiretrovirals Toxicity in HIV- counts decline to 350 cells/mm3. ritonavir boosted lopinavir and raltegravir DTM&H, FRACP, FRCPE, PHD Janaki Amin, Mark Boyd, Sean Emery AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) Infected Patients Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. in participants virologically failing first- Senior Lecturer, Therapeutic and Vaccine Funding: UNSW This substudy is evaluating understanding Supervisors: Sean Emery, Andrew Carr and To date 468/600 enrolled, with 158 in the line NNRTI/2N(t)RTI therapy. Research Program Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine of study information and satisfaction Janaki Amin Sydney region. Status: Closed to enrolment Research Program with the consent process among research Sites: 30 in the pilot phase (11 in Sydney

22 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 23 region) expanding to a total of 33 sites BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS collected at week 0, 12, 24 and 48 in HIV infected patients with stable, well- Target: n=600 Treatment Network and NHLBI, NIH Personnel: Allison Humphries, Sean FLU003 controlled plasma HIV-RNA while taking Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Emery, Janaki Amin, David Cooper, An International Observational Study to their first N(t)RTI + r/PI regimen of Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough (maternity Research Program Damien Cordery Characterize Adults Who Are Hospitalized combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) leave), Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Lara Funding: Kirby Institute, UNSW with Complications of Influenza A – – The MARCH study. Cassar, Sarah Pett Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Pandemic H1N1 (H1N1v) INSIGHT Status: version 1.0 11-May-2011. Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Bone Mineral Density: A substudy Research Program H1N1v Hospitalization Study (FLU 003) ). Site selection concluded, enrolment BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Note that version 2.0 broadens inclusion commenced 2011 Q3, 2/560 enrolled Treatment Network; NIMH, NIH; NINDS, Treatment (START) to include all influenza subtypes not just Sites: 70 clinical centres in the Kirby NIH The bone mineral density substudy will STEAL Body Composition Sub-study H1N1 and the protocol has been renamed international network including Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine determine if early initiation of ART is An analysis of predictors of body An International Observational Study to Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Research Program superior to deferred ART in with regards composition changes in patients recruited Characterize Adults Who Are Hospitalized Chile, France, Germany, Ireland , Israel, to bone health as measured by annual and followed in the STEAL study. with Complications of Influenza Jason Grebely Japan, Mexico, Peru, Spain, UK. bone mineral density. Status: Manuscript accepted for Status: vs. 2.0 21-Jun-2011, open at sites Enhancing diagnosis, assessment and Target: 560 Arterial Elasticity: A substudy of Status: Recruitment opened March 2011. publication with community transmission of influenza treatment of hepatitis C Personnel: Sean Emery, Sarah Pett, Nisha Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral To date 13/400 enrolled, with 11 at sites Sites: All that participated in the main Sites: 98 globally; 19 in Sydney region (in Seneviratne, Elise, Tu, Hila Haskelberg, Treatment (START) co-ordinated by KI. STEAL study and had a DEXA scan Thailand, Argentina, Chile, Hong Kong Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major David Silk, Rose Robson, Kymme-Courtney- The arterial elasticity substudy will Sites: 44 with 18 sites co-ordinated by KI completed at baseline and Australia) public health problem associated with Vega, Wendy Lee, Aurelio Vulcao determine if early initiation of ART is (includes pilot sites that are already open Target: All participants’ DEXA scans Target: 580/1600; total enrolment; considerable morbidity, mortality and Funding: Pfizer/ViiV Healthcare superior to deferred ART in increasing and definitive phase sites) completed at week 0, 48, and 96. enrolment in Sydney region n=116 health-related costs. The majority of new Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine large artery elasticity (LAE) and small Target: n=400 Personnel: Allison Humphries, Sean Emery, Personnel: Sarah Pett, Sean Emery, David (90%) and existing (80%) infections occur Research Program artery elasticity (SAE) (i.e., in reducing Personnel: Simone Jacoby, Megan Evans, Janaki Amin, David Cooper, Mark Bloch Courtney-Rodgers, Lara Cassar among people who inject drugs (PWID). Our arterial stiffness) as measured by pulse Sally Hough, Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Funding: Kirby Institute, UNSW Funding: NIAID knowledge of the epidemiology and natural wave tonometry. Cate Carey, Lara Cassar, Sarah Pett Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine history of HCV has been hampered because MARCH CNS substudy Status: Recruitment opened September Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Research Program Research Program the majority of newly infected individuals A CNS substudy of randomised, open‐ 2009. To date 142/300 enrolled, with 78 BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS are asymptomatic and the identification label study to evaluate the efficacy and co-ordinated by KI. Treatment Network and The National and follow-up of these people has been safety of maraviroc (MVC) as a switch for Sites: 17 sites in the pilot phase (5 sites Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal STEAL Bone biomarker Sub-study SPARTA difficult.T reatment is effective, but strategies either nucleoside or nucleotide analogue co-ordinated by KI), expanding to 21 sites, and Skin Diseases, NIH. An analysis of biomarkers related to bone A randomised, open-label, cross-over to enhance treatment uptake, particularly reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTI) with one additional site co-ordinated by Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine disease in patients recruited and followed study to examine the pharmacokinetics among PWID, are needed to reduce or boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) in KI (in India), and 6 sites (in Australia, Research Program in the STEAL study. and short-term safety and efficacy of HCV-related morbidity and mortality. The HIV‐1 infected individuals with stable, Thailand and Argentina) contributing Status: Manuscript being drafted two dosing strategies of raltegravir plus Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program well‐controlled plasma HIV‐RNA while patients utilising tonometers located at Sites: All that participated in the main atazanavir in HIV-infected patients. (VHCRP) is focused on viral hepatitis-related taking their first N(t)RTI + PI/r regimen other sites in the same city Liver Fibrosis Progression: A substudy STEAL study and collected storage samples Status: Study completed July 2011. research in the areas of clinical trials, clinical of combination antiretroviral therapy Target: n=300 of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Target: All participants’ storage samples Manuscript submitted. epidemiology and laboratory sciences. (cART): The MVC central nervous system Personnel: Joseph Levitt, Cate Carey, Treatment (START) collected at week 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 Sites: two Dr Jason Grebely is a Senior Lecturer in (CNS) exposure sub study. Version 0.1, 01 Megan Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough The liver fibrosis progression (LFP) Personnel: Hila Haskelberg, Sean Emery, Target: 24 VHCRP. His research focuses on better June 2011 (maternity leave), Sean Emery, Lara substudy will use fibroscan technology to Andrew Carr, Jennifer Hoy, Janaki Amin, Personnel: Dianne Carey understanding the epidemiology and Status: Protocol and documentation Cassar, Sarah Pett examine the effect of HIV, hepatitis C virus Peter Ebeling Funding: UNSW natural history of HCV, identifying barriers being prepared. Site selection concluded, Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; (HCV) and ART on the rates of LFP among Funding: Kirby Institute, UNSW and Dept Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine to assessment and treatment of HCV and recruitment to commence 2012, Q1 BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS ART naive HIV-infected individuals with Immunology, St Vincent’s Hospital Research Program developing novel therapeutic strategies Sites: 15 clinical centres in the Kirby Treatment Network and NHLBI, NIH and without viral hepatitis with CD4+ Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine to enhance assessment and treatment international network. Sites located in Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine counts above 500 cells/mm3. Research Program of HCV, with a specific focus on PWID. Australia (n=7), Canada (n=1), France Research Program Status: protocol release September 2011, LASA Supported by an undergraduate degree (n=1), Germany (n=2), Israel (n=1), UK recruitment expected to commence A multicenter randomised study to in biochemistry and molecular biology, a (n=3). towards the end 2011 FLU002 compare the efficacy and safety of PhD in pharmacology and a postdoctoral Target: 50 Pulmonary Substudy: A substudy of Sites: approx. 40 with 13 sites in Sydney An International Observational Study lower dose atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r fellowship in clinical epidemiology, his Personnel: Nisha Seneviratne, Sarah Pett, Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral region (includes pilot sites that are already to Characterize Adults with Influenza 200/100 mg OD) versus standard dose research focuses on conducting science Rose Robson Treatment (START) open and definitive phase sites) A –Pandemic H1N1 (H1N1v) INSIGHT (ATV/r 300/100 mg OD) in combination across disciplines through a “cell to society” Funding: Kirby Institute The pulmonary substudy will determine Target: n=990 (900 HIV mono-infected H1N1v Outpatient Study (FLU 002). with 2NRTIs in well virology suppressed approach, fostering translational research. Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine if early initiation of ART is superior and 90 HIV/HCV co-infected) Note that version 3.0 broadens inclusion HIV-infected adults. “Strategies to enhance the diagnosis, Research Program to deferred ART in with regards to Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, to include all influenza subtypes not just Status: 199/560 assessment and treatment of HCV infection pulmonary function as assessed by Simone Jacoby, Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, H1N1 and the protocol has been renamed Sites: nine clinical centres in the Thai among PWID are urgently needed,” said Dr annual spirometry and respiratory health Lara Cassar. An International Observational Study to National Health Service network Grebely “As we move forward, partnerships MARCH resistance substudy questionnaire. Funding: no additional funding Characterize Adults with Influenza. Target: 560 between researchers across disciplines, A study to explore the prevalence and Status: Recruitment opened January Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Status: vs. 3. 0 21-Jun-2011, open at Personnel: Sean Emery service providers, government officials and evolution of HIV drug-resistance using 2010. To date 263/1000 enrolled, with 38 Research Program sites with community transmission of Funding: Kirby Institute, HIVNAT, Thai community members will be essential in our cell associated HIV DNA: The MARCH co-ordinated by KI. influenza NHSO efforts to reduce the future burden of HCV- Resistance Sub-study. Version 0.4, 12 Sites: 45 in the pilot phase with 7 sites in Sites: 85 sites globally; in Sydney Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine related morbidity and mortality in Australia September 2011 the Sydney region; a further 40 sites will STEAL HLA Sub-study region: 23 sites (in Thailand, Argentina, Research Program and globally.” Status: Protocol and documentation be added for the definitive phase including An analysis of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C Chile and Australia) Dr Grebely supervises students working on being prepared. Site selection concluded, another 17 sites co-ordinated by KI. super-types related to cardiovascular Target: 1895/5000; enrolment in aspects of transmission of HCV in PWID, recruitment commencing Q4 2011 Target: n=1000 disease and body composition in patients Sydney region n=968 MARCH the natural history of HCV and treatment of Sites: All sites Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, recruited and followed in the STEAL study. Personnel: Sarah Pett, Sean Emery, David A randomised, controlled trial to evaluate HCV among PWID. Personnel: David Cooper, Sean Emery, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough (maternity Status: Manuscript being drafted Courtney-Rodgers, Lara Cassar the efficacy and safety of maraviroc as Tony Kelleher, Sarah Pett, Elise Tu leave), Joseph Levitt, Sean Emery, Lara Sites: All that participated in the main Funding: NIAID a switch for either nucleoside analogue Dr Jason Grebely BSc, PhD Funding: Kirby Institute Cassar, Sarah Pett STEAL study and collected storage samples Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTI) Senior Lecturer, Viral Hepatitis Clinical Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Target: All participant storage samples Research Program or boosted HIV protease inhibitors(r/PI) Research Program Research Program

24 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 25 Collaborators: Network of clinical sites positive legal temporary residents who are Barts and the London Queen Mary’s (including morbidity and mortality) of MARCH –VE substudy (GPs, hospitals and sexual health clinics) ineligible for Medicare and providing free School of Medicine and Dentistry, HCC and viral hepatitis are ongoing. Maraviroc Switch vascular endothelium throughout Australia antiretroviral for a maximum of four years. London; Nottingham University Hospital, Personnel: Rosie Thein, Greg Dore, Jason substudy. To explore changes in VE as Funding: Foundation for AIDS Research Recruitment to this study commenced Nottingham; Downtown Infectious Grebely, Maryam Alavi, Janaki Amin, measured by pulse wave tonometry in the (amfAR) via a US National Institutes of November 2011. Antiretrovirals are Diseases Clinic, University of British Heather Gidding, Matthew Law MARCH study. Health grant through the International provided by all 7 pharmaceutical Columbia; St Luc Hospital, CHUM - Centre Collaborators: Kate Ward (NSW Health) Status: Protocol and documentation Epidemiologic Databases Evaluating companies with licensed anti-HIV drugs in Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal, Funding: The Cancer Council NSW being prepared. Site selection concluded, AIDS collaboration; consortium of Australia. Montreal; East Toronto Hepatitis C Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research recruitment to commence 2012 Q1 pharmaceutical companies. Status: Ongoing Partnership, South Riverdale Community Program Sites: 11 clinical centres in the Kirby Location: Biostatistics and Databases Personnel: Hamish McManus, Stephen Health Centre, Toronto international network with access to a Program Wright, Courtney Bendall, Kathy Funding: Merck Sharpe and Dohme START study pulse wave tonometer. Sites Petoumenos Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C located in Argentina (n=4), Australia Collaborators: National Association of Program Maryam Alavi (ATAHC II) (n=4), Germany (n=2), UK (n=1). The Data Collection on the Adverse people living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA) Overcoming barriers to treatment for A prospective longitudinal study of natural Target: 75 Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study (DAD) Location: Biostatistics and Databases viral hepatitis history and treatment outcomes following Personnel: Sarah Pett, David Silk, Rose Large, international, collaborative study Program GP Pilot-Enhanced Treatment for response guided treatment of recent Robson, and others (TBC) aimed at assessing the medium to long- Hepatitis C in Primary Care Settings Maryam Alavi’s doctoral thesis concerns hepatitis C infection. Funding: Kirby Institute term effects of antiviral treatment of This is a prospective observational cohort understanding barriers to the assessment Status: Commenced recruitment August Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine people with HIV in terms of possible Viral hepatitis study, aiming to evaluate the feasability, and treatment of hepatitis C among people 2011. Sites initiated: St. Vincent’s Research Program increased risk of cardiovascular events. safety and efficacy of a primary care who inject drugs. Hospital, Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Status: The study combines data based model for the delivery of HCV “Rates of hepatitis C treatment among Hospital, Kirketon Road Centre, Royal from 11 cohorts, including more than ACTIVATE – Response Guided services, including initiation of anti-viral people who inject drugs are extremely Adelaide Hospital and Princess Alexandra MARCH renal substudy 33,000 patients. Australia contributes Treatment for Patients with Chronic therapy. Those subjects that commence low. Understanding barriers to assessment Hospital. Twelve subjects screened to date. A study to explore whether patients 706 patients from the Australian HIV HCV Infection and Ongoing Injection treatment will be followed until 24 weeks and treatment in this highly marginalised Enrollment target: 120 subjects on experimental treatment will have Observational Database. Follow up Drug Use post treatment (SVR). The cohort will be population is crucial to address this Personnel: Gail Matthews, Greg Dore, lower rates of proteinuria than patients continued through 2010. This is a phase IV, open-label, multicentre, recruited through a network of primary inequity” Maryam said. “Given many Barbara Yeung, Pip Marks, Jason Grebely, continuing on the current standard care Personnel: Hamish McManus, Stephen international trial of response guided care clinics undertaking HCV assessment, people who inject drugs have been infected Tanya Applegate, treatment in the MARCH study. Wright, Kathy Petoumenos, Matthew Law treatment with directly observed treatment and monitoring. for more than two decades, the burden of Collaborators: Macfarlane Burnet Status: Protocol and documentation in Collaborators: Network of clinical sites pegylated interferon alfa 2b and self- Status: Initial ethics approval June 2010, HCV-related liver disease is escalating.” Institute for Medical Research and Public finalisation. Site selection in progress, (GPs, hospitals and sexual health clinics) administered ribavirin for patients with amendment approval July 2011. Fortunately, a revolution in HCV treatment Health; St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney; recruitment to commence 2012, Q1 throughout Australia; Copenhagen HIV chronic HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection Enrolled: 30 / 50-60 is fast approaching. Before the end of this Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Kirketon Sites: site survey pending Programme, Hvidovre University Hospital and ongoing injection drug use. The Personnel: Greg Dore, Pip Marks, Amanda decade, simple (once-daily combination oral Road Centre; Nepean Hospital; School Target: 150 Funding: European Agency for the primary objective is to evaluate the Erratt regimens), tolerable, short-duration (6-24 of Medical Sciences, UNSW; School of Personnel: Mark Kelly, Waldo Belloso, Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) proportion of patients with sustained Collaborators: Australasian Society for weeks) therapy with extremely high efficacy Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Sarah Pett and David Silk Location: Biostatistics and Databases virological response at 24 weeks post end HIV Medicine (ASHM); National Centre (cure rates >90%) should be the norm. The UNSW; The Alfred Hospital; St. Vincent’s Funding: Kirby Institute Program of treatment (SVR24) following directly in HIV Social Research (NCHSR); East broad implementation of such therapeutic Hospital, Melbourne; Royal Melbourne Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine observed pegylated interferon alfa 2b and Sydney Doctors, Darlinghurst; Clinic regimens has the potential to produce one Hospital; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Research Program self-administered ribavirin for 12 weeks in 96, Orange; Hunter Pharmacotherapy of the major turnarounds in disease burden Princess Alexandra Hospital; Royal Perth Myocardial infarction, assessment participants with undetectable HCV RNA Services, Newcastle; The Byrne Surgery, seen in public health and clinical medicine. Hospital and Murdoch University. of Antiretroviral and Genetic factors at week 4 of therapy, and for 24 weeks Redfern; Cowra Medical Associates, “As newer HCV therapies become Funding: US National Institutes of Health RESTORE in Human Immunodeficiency virus in participants with detectable HCV RNA Cowra; Asquith Medical Centre, Asquith; available, the key issue moving forward Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research An observational study to explore infection: MAGNIFICENT at week 4 of therapy. The study will be Dr Doong’s Surgery, Burwood. will be the development of programs to Program reconstitution of immunity in patients International collaborative project of conducted in Australia, Canada, United Funding: Australasian Society for HIV enhance the delivery of care for patients with advanced HIV-1-infection 17 observational HIV cohort studies Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, France, Medicine (ASHM) with hepatitis C,” Maryam said. “Given commencing combination antiretroviral to evaluate the contribution of single Belgium, Norway and Finland. Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research that people who have injected drugs Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in therapy nucleotide polymorphisms (identified in Status: Initial ethics approval in Australia Program constitute the majority of those infected, Opiate Substitution Settings (ETHOS) Status: fully enrolled as of January 2011 genome-wide association studies in the in June 2011, in Norway in November it will be important to understand barriers The Kirby Institute was awarded an Sites: One clinical site: Chulalongkorn general population) and of combination 2011; expected in other countries to assessment and treatment in this NHMRC Partnership Grant (partner University Hospital, Bangkok. antiretroviral therapy (cART), traditional January/February 2012. Trial sites will be Cancer Council STREP Grant population and design and implement organisations listed below) to address Target: 50 acute coronary artery disease (CAD) risk initiated for recruitment in early 2012. Understanding hepatocellular carcinoma programs to improve assessment and the issue of HCV treatment in the opiate Personnel: Denise Hsu, Sarah Pett, Tony factors, and HIV-related factors (CD4+ Enrolled: To commence in January/ in NSW treatment.” pharmacotherapy setting. Among patients Kelleher, David Cooper, Lara Cassar count, HIV RNA levels) to CAD events in February 2012 Status: Ethics approval for NSW HBV Maryam’s project will assist in understanding with a history of injection drug use, the Funding: Kirby Institute HIV-infected individuals. Personnel: Greg Dore, Pip Marks, John and HCV linkage study (linkage to NSW factors associated with hepatitis C treatment specific objectives of this study are to Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Status: study closed in January 2011. Morrison, Marianne Byrne Central Cancer Registry, Mortality data uptake, response to therapy and the examine: Research Program Personnel: Courtney Bendall, Kathy Collaborators: St Vincent’s Hospital, from Registry of Births Deaths and potential impact of hepatitis C treatment on 1. Assessment and treatment of HCV in a Petoumenos Sydney; The Burnet Institute; Nepean Marriages and Australian Bureau of morbidity and mortality. These are important prospective cohort study – the ETHOS Collaborators: Network of clinical sites Hospital; Hunter Pharmacotherapy, Statistics, NSW Admitted Patient Data steps in the development of treatment Cohort. The Australian HIV Observational (GPs, hospitals and sexual health clinics) Newcastle; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Collection) was granted from the NSW strategies to enhance HCV care in people 2. Patient and provider attitudes and Database (AHOD) throughout Australia; Swiss HIV Cohort Praxis Im Tal, Munich; CONCEPT Population & Health Services Research who inject drugs. barriers towards the provision of Observational cohort study of patients Study Group Centre, Munich; University Hospital Ethics Committee and the UNSW HREC services for assessment and treatment of with HIV. Demographic, clinical and Location: Biostatistics and Databases Bern; Zentrum fur Suchtmedizin Basel; during 2009. A probabilistic linkage Maryam Salehi Alavi BSc MSc; PhD HCV infection. treatment data are aggregated twice each Program ARUD, Poliklinik Zokl 1, Zurich; Oslo of NSW Notifiable Diseases Database, candidate, Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research 3. Peer based support as a strategy for year via electronic data transfer. University Hospital; Espoo Treatment Admitted Patient Data Collection, Program enhancing knowledge and uptake of Status: 3378 patients recruited by 31 and Rehabilitation A-clinic, Espoo, Central Cancer Registry and deaths was Thesis title: Barriers to the assessment and treatment for HCV infection. March 2011. The Australian HIV Observational Finland; ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp; completed at the end of 2009. The linkage treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in 4. Cost effectiveness of providing Personnel: Hamish McManus, Stephen Database Temporary Residence Access St Dizier, France; MSOC, Free Clinic, was carried out by the Centre for Health injecting drug users assessment and treatment for HCV Wright, Courtney Bendall, Kathy Study Schijnpoortweg 14, Antwerp; Ziekenhuis Record Linkage (CHeReL). Analyses on Supervisors: Greg Dore and Jason Grebely infection in the opiate pharmacotherapy Petoumenos, Matthew Law An AHOD sub-study recruiting 180 HIV- Oost Limburg ZOL CAD, Genk, Belgium; the epidemiology and natural history setting.

26 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 27 Status: This study commenced Status: Ongoing means of improving HBV vaccination Disease Cluster, Amsterdam Public for testing over the next 12 months. This Personnel: Fraser Drummond, Handan recruitment in February 2009. There are Personnel: Hamish McManus, Stephen series completion, identify the correlates Health Service; Australian Intravenous study is lead by the Centre for Women’s Wand, Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan nine sites initiated on the study and 330 Wright of immunity, and assess hepatitis B and Injecting League (AIVL); Hepatitis Health and Society at University of Collaborators: Nathan Ryder (Sexual participants have been enrolled in the Collaborator: Highly Specialised Drugs knowledge and barriers to immunisation Australia; Hepatitis C Council of NSW; Melbourne. Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit, study, to date. Program, Special Access and Coordination uptake and completion. Using a 3-dose Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Status: The cohort was closed in 2010. Department of Health and Families, NT); Target: 500 Section, Pharmaceutical Access and accelerated schedule (0, 7 and 21 days), School of Medical Sciences, UNSW; SEALS Two reports have been accepted for Anna McNulty, Lynne Wray, Phillip Read Personnel: Greg Dore, Jason Grebely, Pip Quality Branch, Australian Government the trial was conducted at two inner- Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital; publication and further analyses are (Sydney Sexual Health Centre) Marks, Michelle Micallef Department of Health and Ageing Sydney health services which target PWID Burnet Institute; British Columbia Centre underway. Location: Sexual Health Program Collaborators: National Centre in Location: Biostatistics and Databases and a community-based research outreach for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; University of Personnel: Basil Donovan, John Kaldor HIV Social Research (NCHSR); NSW Program site. Data collection ceased in March 2011, California San Francisco. Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Jenny Department of Health; Sydney Local with 442 PWID screened and 139 eligible Funding: NHMRC Project Grant Walker, Christopher Fairley, Marcus Chen, Cost analysis of rapid HIV testing in Health District; Hepatitis C Council of and enrolled. A significantly higher Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Jane Gunn, Marie Pirotta, Veerakathy sexual health clinics NSW; NSW Users and AIDS Association Australian Chronic Hepatitis C proportion of participants randomised to Prevention Program Harindra, Lyle Gurrin L, Kathy McNamee, This analysis will assess the costs of (NUAA); Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Observational Study (ACHOS) the incentive than the control condition Hudson Birden (University of Sydney); both conventional and rapid HIV testing The University of Sydney and Australian ACHOS was a clinic-based observational completed the vaccine series (87% versus Frank Bowden, Sepehr Tabrizi, Suzanne in terms of test kits and laboratory Injecting and Illicit Drug Users League study of chronically infected hepatitis 66%; p<.01). Results indicate that the Sexually transmissible Garland equipment, staff time and other ancillary (AIVL). C patients, conducted in collaboration provision of modest financial incentives infections Funding: Australian Government costs to allow a direct comparison. A Funding: Australian Government with the Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research improves immunisation completion among Department of Health and Ageing decision tree analysis will be used to Department of Health and Ageing and Program. The study aimed to determine PWID. Chlamydia Pilot Program assess the possible impact of provision of NSW Health Department. levels of hepatitis C treatment uptake and Status: Data analysis and manuscript A longitudinal study of bacterial Co-location: Sexual Health Program and conventional HIV results by telephone and Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research response, as well as identify factors that preparation currently in progress vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium Public Heath Interventions Research Group avoiding a second clinic visit through rapid Program predict these outcomes. Recruitment of Personnel: Rachel Deacon, Mofizul Islam, in young Australian women HIV testing on the costs of HIV testing 1260 patients was completed in December Libby Topp, Lisa Maher Little is known about the epidemiology for MSM. The study is designed to assess 2009 and the study finished in December Collaborators: Kirketon Road Centre, and natural history of bacterial vaginosis How quickly are results returned from whether rapid HIV testing can be shown to Defining Risk and Mechanism of 2011. In 2011, treatment response South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area (BV) and nothing is known about M conventional testing in sexual health be cost saving compared to conventional Permucosal Transmission for acute HCV rates and predictors of response were Health Service; Sydney South West Area genitalium (MG) infection in Australian clinics, and what factors influence the serology testing. Infection within high-risk populations examined in a subcohort of previously Health Service; Redfern Drug Health women. We seek to determine the timing? Status: ongoing (RAMPT-C Study) treatment naive patients treated with Service, South West Sydney Area Health prevalence, incidence and persistence Most sexual health clinics have policies Personnel: Damian Conway, Rebecca Guy The study aims to characterise permucosal standard therapy (pegylated interferon Service; Discipline of Addiction Medicine, of BV and MG in a general population where patients undergoing HIV screening, Funding: NHMRC program grant transmission of HCV among HIV-positive and ribavirin). Encouragingly, response University of Sydney; National Drug and of Australian women using the cohort particularly those at higher risk, must Co-location: Sexual Health Program and HIV-negative MSM, through clinical and rates in these 550 patients were similar to Alcohol Research Centre established by the CIRIS study. This study return to the clinic to obtain their HIV and Biostatistics, HIV Epidemiology and molecular epidemiological analysis, with those achieved in clinical trials (SVR by Funding: NHMRC Project Grant is lead by the Centre for Women’s Health results, rather than receive their results Prevention Program, Surveillance and qualitative socio-behavioural and biological intention to treat was 59.5%), despite the Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and and Society at University of Melbourne. on the phone. Delays in re-attendance or Evaluation Program for Public Health studies to explore the transmission inclusion of patients with a broad range of Prevention Program Status: The cohort was closed in 2010. recall to the clinic could allow inadvertent mechanisms. The Study consists of three co-morbid conditions including psychiatric Two reports have been accepted for HIV transmission to occur, especially in parts: Part I –Phylogenetics analysis, Part II illness and current IDUs. In a multivariate publication and further analyses are the case of high-risk MSM clients. Using Syphilis testing in HIV positive men: a – semen analysis, and Part III – Behavioural analysis, having genotype 2 or 3 (versus Hepatitis C vaccine preparedness studies underway. data from Sydney Sexual Health Centre, multi-site review mechanism interview. An eligible patient genotype 1) infection remained a This program of work, which commenced Personnel: Basil Donovan the largest sexual health clinic in NSW, an Clinical guidelines recommend three- can participate in Part I only or all three statistically significant independent in 2010, continues and extends earlier Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Jenny analysis will be conducted to quantify the monthly syphilis testing in HIV-positive parts. predictor of achieving an SVR (OR 2.36, work conducted under the UNSW HCV Walker, Christopher Fairley, Marcus average time from specimen collection for men who have sex with men (MSM) as Status: Recruitment started in November 95% CI: 1.65-3.35) whilst having cirrhosis Vaccine Initiative. The project aims to Chen, Catriona Bradshaw, Jane Gunn, HIV screening to receipt of results from part of quarterly routine HIV management 2009 at St. Vincent’s Hospital, NSW. (OR 0.37, 95%CI: 0.18-0.74), HIV co- establish the feasibility of conducting field Marie Pirotta, Veerakathy Harindra, Lyle the lab, and the average time from result checks. However not all men are having The Alfred Hospital, VIC commenced infection (OR 0.33, 95%CI: 0.12-0.93) or trials of candidate HCV vaccines with Gurrin L, Kathy McNamee (University recept to the person returns to the clinic. quarterly HIV management checks, recruitment in September 2010. a higher BMI (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.89 PWID. Specific aims are to 1) determine of Melbourne); Sepehr Tabrizi, Suzanne We will explore difference according to particularly if they have clinically stable Enrolled/target: Part I – prospective for ≥30 versus ≤25 kg/m2) were significant HCV incidence and spontaneous clearance Garland (Royal Women’s and Royal patient risk and HIV results (positive, for a number of years. This study aims to component: 34/45; Part II – 16/65; Part independent predictors of non SVR. in a prospective cohort of uninfected Children’s Hospitals, Melbourne) negative). This will provide an important assess the syphilis testing frequency in HIV III – 19/20 Personnel: Heather Gidding, Janaki PWID; 2) identify associated risk factors; Funding: NHMRC Project Grant baseline for future rapid HIV testing positive men against the frequency of HIV Personnel: Gail Matthews, Greg Dore, Pip Amin, Matthew Law, Greg Dore 3) evaluate retention strategies and Co-location: Sexual Health Program and implementation studies. management checks at seven clinical sites Marks, Tanya Applegate, Amanda Erratt. Collaborators: Network of 24 sites around factors associated with adherence to Public Heath Interventions Research Group Status: ongoing in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Collaborators: Macfarlane Burnet Australia the study protocol; and 4) investigate Personnel: Damian Conway, Rebecca Guy Status: Data have been received from all Institute for Medical Research and Public Funding: State and Territory Health immunisation acceptability, clinical trial Collaborators: Martin Holt, National sites. Analysis is underway. Health, VIC; St Vincent’s Hospital, NSW. Departments literacy and willingness to participate in Chlamydia incidence and re-infection Centre in HIV Social Research; Anna Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand Funding: National Health and Medical Location: Biostatistics and Databases future vaccine trials in this group. The study (CIRIS): a longitudinal cohort McNulty, Sydney Sexual Health Centre Collaborators: Andrew Carr, John Research Council Project Grant and St. Program project includes the Hepatitis C Incidence study of young Australian women Funding: NHMRC program grant McAllister, Karl Hesse (St Vincent’s Vincent’s Clinic Foundation Research Grant and Transmission Study – community Chlamydia incidence and re-infection Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Hospital, Sydney); Marcus Chen, Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research (HITS-c), an ongoing prospective rates have never been studied in Biostatistics and Databases Program Christopher Fairley (Melbourne Sexual Program Hepatitis acceptability and vaccination observational study of HCV antibody Australian women. We aimed to Health Centre/University of Melbourne); incentives trial (HAVIT) negative PWID. By 2011, 150 PWID were determine the incidence of chlamydia in Anna McNulty, Chris Bourne (Sydney Funded by the NHMRC, the Hepatitis enrolled and retention at 12 months was a cohort of young women who initially Is azithromycin adequate treatment for Sexual Health Centre); David Baker (East Surveillance data from the highly Acceptability and Vaccination Incentives 86%. A total of 17 incident cases of HCV screen negative, along with determining asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? – an Sydney Doctors); Norm Roth (Prahran specialised drugs program Trial (HAVIT) is a two-arm open-label infection have been observed (9.3/100py; the re-infection rate of women who audit Market Clinic); BK Tee (The Centre Summary data of patients receiving randomised controlled trial designed 95% CI 5.8-14.9). initially screen positive, in order to inform We conducted a retrospective audit of Clinic); Jenny Hoy, Kerry Watson (The antiretroviral treatments funded through to determine the efficacy of modest Status: Ongoing future population screening programs. all men who have sex with men (MSM) Alfred Hospital); Mark Stoove, Carol El- the Highly Specialised Drugs Program are incentive payments to increase HBV Personnel: Jarliene Enriquez, Anna Bates, This study involved the establishment diagnosed with rectal chlamydia in 2009 Hayek (Burnet Institute) received from the Australian Government vaccine completion among PWID. Anh Pham, Len Liao, Ju Park, Sammy Chow, of a cohort of young women attending to look at effectiveness of treating with Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Department of Health and Ageing, Secondary endpoints are to evaluate Bethany White, Sarah Wright, Lisa Maher a range of primary health care services single dose azithromycin. Biostatistics and Databases Program and published in annual and biannual the cost effectiveness of standard care Collaborators: Academic Medical Centre, who agreed to complete questionnaires Status: Final manuscript published in surveillance reports. compared to incentive payments as a University of Amsterdam and Infectious and return self-collected vaginal swabs International Journal of STD & AIDS 2011.

28 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 29 Uptake and outcomes of chlamydia or remains low. We undertook a systematic in a sexual health clinic settings, compared and the consequences of, common and offer a new approach to ensuring that gonorrhoea testing programs in non- review to identify studies which compared with standard of care. emerging infectious diseases diagnosis and treatment of syphilis is clinical settings: a systematic review rates of re-screening for repeat chlamydial Status: Ethics and site-specific approvals This project will involve using the 45 and timely across the diverse geographic and and meta-analysis infection between patients receiving and and staff training completed. Staff were Up Prospective cohort study and data social settings of PNG. Until recently, Primary care clinics play an important not receiving an intervention. trained in rapid HIV testing as part of a linkage to examine what factors may the only commercially available RPOC role in the prevention and management of Status: Review accepted for publication in formal training workshop conducted in predispose adults to certain infections tests for syphilis have been recombinant sexually transmissible infections (STIs). A Sexually Transmitted Infections partnership with the National Serology and what the longer term consequences treponemal antigen assays, which are large proportion of young people attend Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Hammad Al, Reference Laboratory and the St Vincent’s of infections are on health outcomes and unable to differentiate between past- primary care clinics each year for one reason Basil Donovan, John Kaldor Centre for Applied Medical Research. health service utilisation. treated and recent syphilis, so are likely or another and most chlamydial infections Collaborators: Jane Hocking (University Rapid HIV testing commenced at the four Status: Analyses underway to result in substantial overtreatment are diagnosed in this setting. However, of Melbourne); Low Nicola (University sites in November 2011. Personnel: Bette Liu, John Kaldor, Emily if used in endemic settings. However, despite the central role of primary care in Bette Liu of Bern, Switzerland); Bauer Heidi Personnel: Damian Conway, Rebecca Guy, Banks technological advances have led to the chlamydia management, the proportion A wealth of possibilities in a health (California Department of Public Health); Andrew Grulich Collaborators: Sax Institute; Australian development of new RPOC tests which of sexually active young people attending database Jenny Walker (University of Melbourne) Collaborators: Martin Holt, Philip National University detect recent, as distinct from past treated these clinics who are offered screening at Jeffrey Klausner (University of California). Cunningham, Don Smith, Phillip Keen, Funding: Ramaciotti Foundation infection. These newer tests will be the time of their visit is suboptimal in many Bette Liu’s work stems substantially Funding: Nil Stephen Davies, Deborah Couldwell, Anna Location: Public Health Interventions evaluated in this study and compared with developed countries. This systematic review from the use of record linkage studies in Location: Sexual Health Program McNulty Research Group currently available syphilis POC tests and aims to examine the participation rate and infectious diseases. In Australia, unlike Funding: NHMRC gold standard tests. outcomes of chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea many other parts of the world, record Location: Sexual Health Program Status: Evaluation commenced May 2011; testing programs among young people linkage studies are made possible by the Efficacy of interventions to increase Economic, social and cross cultural testing and data entry complete in Sydney; outside of clinical services. availability of health databases in most the uptake of chlamydia screening in issues in non-pharmaceutical in progress in Melbourne and PNG. Status: Data analysis near completion and a jurisdictions and the infrastructure to allow primary care: a systematic review The Australian HIV Observational protection of front line responders Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan, number of manuscripts are being prepared linkage. The size of these databases allows As most genital chlamydia infections are Database (AHOD) STI project to pandemic influenza and emerging John Kaldor, Louise Causer, Fraser Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Muhammad studies to be conducted that are more asymptomatic, screening is the main way Sexual health clinics in AHOD will infections Drummond, Philip Cunningham, Damian Shahid Jamil, Hammad Ali, Basil statistically powerful and less expensive to detect and cases for treatment. We contribute data on sexually transmissible Non-pharmaceutical interventions such Conway Donovan, John Kaldor. than traditional clinic-based studies. undertook a systematic review of studies infections and treatment in patients as face masks are one of the few widely Collaborators: Claire Ryan, Tawarot Collaborators: Jane Hocking (University “We can conduct large studies looking assessing the efficacy of interventions recruited to AHOD. available strategies that can be offered to Kurumop, Kit Fairley, David Anderson, of Melbourne); Heidi Bauer (Program at health events and outcomes related to for increasing the uptake of chlamydia Status: Protocol agreed with 11 sites front line responders (FLR) in outbreak Mary Garcia, John Reeder, Peter Development and Evaluation, STD Control infections, that may be less common or screening in primary care. involving around 900 patients. Protocol is situations and that can be guaranteed Robertson, David Leslie, Jennie Leydon, Branch, California Department of Public occur a while after the original episode of Status: Review published in BMC under review by ethics committees. First to be available regardless of the type of Theo Karapanagiotidis Health); Jennifer Walker (Melbourne Sexual infection,” Dr Liu said. Infectious Diseases data transfer and analysis in March 2011. infection. This study aims to 1) determine Funding: NHMRC STI Program Grant Health Centre/University of Melbourne) One research project using record linkage Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Hammad Ali, Personnel: Kathy Petoumenos, Hamish knowledge, attitudes and practices of FLR Co-located: Public Heath Interventions Funding: nil is looking at chlamydia infection and its James Ward, Basil Donovan, John Kaldor McManus, Stephen Wright, Courtney related to infection control and barriers Research Group and Sexual Health Program Co-location: Sexual Health Program and effects, particularly infertility and ectopic Collaborators: Simone Poznanski, jane Bendall, Matthew Law to adherence to mask use; 2) conduct the Biostatistics, Public Heath Interventions pregnancy. The project is designed over Hocking Collaborators: Network of 11 Australian first international RCT of the protection Research Group and Biostatistics and two stages, one using data in NSW and Location: Sexual Health Program sexual health clinics afforded to FLR by face masks against STI Point-of-Care Test Field study Databases Program the second in Western Australia, where Funding: National Health and Medical influenza and other respiratory viruses; To prepare for the large RCT, a range additional data on chlamydia testing will Research Council, NIH, EMEA and 3) compare knowledge, attitudes and of point-of-care tests have undergone allow for additional research questions to Rapid HIV testing in men who have pharmaceutical consortium practices of FLR in Australia and Vietnam, evaluation in a laboratory setting to Extent and duration of unplanned be answered. sex with men in sexual health clinics in Location: Biostatistics and Databases and identify both culturally specific assess performance and operational antiretroviral treatment interruption in Dr Liu was awarded a grant from the Clive Sydney Program and universal issues that may affect the characteristics. Three of these tests (a HIV-infected adults: a systematic review and Vera Ramaciotti Foundation in 2011 This is the first study to use rapid HIV tests behaviour of FLRs in an emergency; 4) PCR test called the ‘GeneXpert’ and two HIV treatment as prevention’ is fast for another project using record linkage, in a clinical setting in NSW. The study model the cost-effectiveness of surgical traditional immunochromatographic lateral becoming one of the key prevention to look at infections in the 45 and Up will be undertaken at four public sexual Clinical public health and N95 face masks; and 6) inform flow tests, called the ‘DIAQUICK CT’ and strategies across the world. One of the study, managed by The Sax Institute. Dr health clinics in Sydney: Sydney Sexual disease control policy nationally and ‘Lateral Flow Gonorrhoea Card Test’) have potential comprising factors of ‘treatment Liu is examining what factors in this large Health Centre, Albion Street Centre, internationally on the use of face masks in been identified as potentially suitable for as prevention’ is interrupted ART which cohort, in which more than 250,000 Clinic 16 Royal North Shore Hospital Notifiable Diseases and Reproductive control of pandemic influenza, emerging the RCT. These tests will now be evaluated results in an increasing viral load and adults were enrolled between 2006 and and Parramatta Sexual Health Clinic. Health infections or a bioterrorist attack. in a ‘real life’ field setting. Two remote HIV transmission may occur in the event 2008, might be associated with some The rapid HIV test used in the study is This project uses data linkage in NSW to Status: Trial completed and data analysis Aboriginal communities in Queensland will of unprotected sex. This project aims to common notifiable diseases and their the Alere Determine HIV 1&2 Antigen/ examine the effects of commonly notified underway participate. When all the testing has been describe the prevalence, duration and effects on health service use. Antibody Combo assay which gives a result diseases including Sexually Transmitted Personnel: Lisa Maher completed at participating services, point- predictors of treatment interruptions in both A third study using record linkage is in 21 minutes. Men who have sex with Infections and Blood Borne Viruses on Collaborators: School of Public Health of-care tests results will be compared to the developed and developing country settings. looking at the long-term impact of the men who attend the study sites for HIV reproductive health outcomes in women. and Community Medicine, UNSW (lead); reference test results. All activities will be Status: Manuscript in preparation universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination screening will be offered rapid HIV testing. Status: Linked data obtained, analyses Imperial College London, Faculty of planned in consultation with health service Personnel: Hsin-Chun Lee, John Kaldor, program in the Northern Territory, which Participants will undergo usual care in currently underway Medicine; National Institute of Hygiene staff, with the goal of integrating them into Fraser Drummond, Basil Donovan, in 1990 was one of the first jurisdictions relation to sexually transmissible infection Personnel: Bette Liu, Louisa Jorm, and Epidemiology (NIHE), Hanoi; the community screening program, and Rebecca Guy in the world to introduce such. Because screening and conventional HIV serology Christine Roberts, John Kaldor, Rebecca Westmead Hospital, Sydney. causing minimal disruption. Trained study Collaborators: David Baker women are routinely tested for hepatitis testing. The participants’ rapid HIV test Guy, Basil Donovan Funding: Australian Research Council staff will perform the point-of-care tests for Location: Sexual Health Program B as part of antenatal care, this study is results will be provided during their visit, Collaborators: University of Western Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and the field evaluation. The results of this field looking at the prevalence of HBV among and if the result is reactive they will be Sydney; Kolling Institute University of Prevention Program evaluation will inform test selection for the women giving birth in the Northern referred to the counsellor for support. The Sydney RCT, ensuring that the best available point- Chlamydia re-test review Territory. evaluation will assess acceptability of the Funding: NHMRC Post-doctoral of-care test is adopted for the RCT. Repeat infection with Chlamydia rapid HIV testing process among clients fellowship; NHMRC Program Grant Diagnostics Status: Planning/site selection underway. trachomatis following treatment is Bette Liu MBBS(Hons) MPH(Hons) DPhil and clinic staff, barriers to HIV testing, Co-located: Public Health Interventions Personnel: Rebecca Guy, James Ward, Basil common and increases the risk of Senior Lecturer, Public Health Interventions the impact of rapid HIV testing on client Research Group and Sexual Health Program Donovan, John Kaldor, David Wilson, David sequelae. Despite clinical guidelines Research Group flow, the performance of the rapid test Syphilis point-of-care test multi-site Regan, Handan Wand, Louise Causer. recommending re-screening within 3 compared to conventional laboratory HIV laboratory evaluation Collaborators:Lisa Natoli, David months of treatment, re-screening rates serology, and the cost of rapid HIV testing Identifying predisposing factors for, Rapid point-of-care (RPOC) tests Anderson, Belinda Hengel, David Whiley,

30 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 31 n E pidemiologi c al resear c h

Sepehr Tabrizi, Christopher Fairley, Mark Shephard, Arun Menon, Angela Cooper, Monika Buhrer Skinner Funding: NHMRC project grant Co-located: Sexual Health Program, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, Public Health Interventions Research Group, Biostatistics and Databases Program, Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea point-of- care test laboratory evaluation Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are now the mainstay for laboratory-based screening of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Mathematical modelling from this study, and in 2011, further data While sensitive and highly suitable for Mathematical modelling of bacterial analysis and reporting took place. screening, NAAT methods need to be STIs in Australian sub-populations Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Garrett performed in dedicated clinical laboratory Mathematical modelling of human This research involves the design, Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, Mary Poynten, facilities. The consequence of this is that papillomavirus transmission implementation and analysis of David Templeton, Jeff Jin the benefits of NAAT methods are lost This research involves the design, mathematical models for assessing Collaborators: National Centre in HIV when testing remote communities, as implementation and analysis of the health economic impact of public Social Research; Australian Federation of delays in result turnaround time and mathematical models for assessing health interventions for the control and AIDS Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW subsequent treatment of positive patients the health-economic impact of Human prevention of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, Funding: NHMRC; NSW Health impinge upon disease control. For these papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, syphilis and trichomaniasis in different Department reasons, there is renewed interest in screening and testing policies in Australia. populations in Australia. The models Location: HIV Epidemiology and point-of-care (POC) tests. In this pilot Status: A general HPV modelling will address the STIs that are of most Prevention Program study, we examined the sensitivity of framework has been completed allowing importance in heterosexual, MSM, and two Chlamydia POC assays. Twenty eight for the transmission of multiple HPV indigenous populations, respectively. Chlamydia NAAT-positive urine samples, types to be modelled. The model has Status: A range of compartmental and The Opposites Attract study representing a range of organism loads been used to estimate the long-term individual-based models have been A four-year cohort study to examine the based on NAAT cycle threshold values (22 impact of the current female-only developed to evaluate a wide range of effect of HIV treatment and HIV viral load to 38 cycles), being a semi-quantitative vaccination program, and a theoretical screening and intervention strategies for on the rate of HIV transmission in 240 HIV marker of DNA load, were tested in two male + female vaccination program, on the control and prevention of bacterial serodiscordant gay couples. commercial POC methods. In addition, the incidence of genital warts due to HPV STIs in remote individual communities Status: In 2011, the collaborative 10-fold dilutions of Chlamydia culture types 6 and 11 as well as the incidence of and to assess the potential importance of structure was established, and more than were tested by both POCs and a Chlamydia infection due to HPV types 6, 11, 16, and community mobility in sustaining high 15 practices agreed to participate. Ethics NAAT assay. Differences between the 18. The results of this work were reported prevalence of STIs in these communities. approvals were obtained and the study performances of the two POC methods in a Technical Report and formed part A model of gonorrhoea transmission, protocol finalised. were observed. Nevertheless, there was of a submission to the Pharmaceutical incorporating infection at different Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Ben a clear relationship between the cycle Benefits Advisory Committee for males anatomical sites, is in development to Bavinton, Jeff Jin, Iryna Zablotska, threshold values of the NAAT and the to be included in the National HPV assess the potential impact of moving from Garrett Prestage. results of the POC assays; only samples Immunisation Program. The model is culture to NAAT as the primary diagnostic Collaborators: St Vincent’s Hospital; with cycle threshold values of 30 or less being further developed to incorporate test. Melbourne Sexual Health Centre; Positive (ie higher organism loads) were readily progression to HPV-related disease Personnel: David Regan, David Wilson, Life NSW; Taylor Square Private Clinic; detected by the POC assays. The results of (e.g., cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Ben Hui, Matthew Law, Rebecca Guy, RPA Sexual Health; Holdsworth House this pilot study show that the main factor and cervical cancer). New methodology Basil Donovan, John Kaldor Medical Practice; Prahran Market Clinic; impacting upon the sensitivity of these has been developed to facilitate the Collaborators: University of Melbourne, East Sydney Doctors; Northside Clinic; Chlamydia POC assays is organism load. calibration of the model in a Bayesian La Trobe University, Deakin University Sydney Sexual Health Centre; Centre Status: Validations are ongoing. framework. Individual-based models Funding: National Health and Medical Clinic; Dr Doong’s Surgery; East Sydney Personnel: Rebecca Guy, James Ward, have been developed to investigate the Research Council Doctors; The Alfred Hospital; O’Brien Basil Donovan, John Kaldor. potential impact of HPV vaccination Location: Biostatistics and Databases Street Practice; Gladstone Road Medical Collaborators: David Whiley, J Jacobs, on non-vaccine types and to assess the Program Centre; Cairns Sexual Health. Theo Sloots, Sepehr Tabrizi, Christopher implications of changes in HPV ecology Funding: NHMRC Project grant Fairley, David Anderson for surveillance. Location: HIV Epidemiology and Funding: NHMRC STI Program Grant Personnel: David Regan, Matthew Prevention Program Co-located: Sexual Health Program, Public Law, Andrew Grulich, John Kaldor, Igor Prevention Heath Interventions Research Group and Korostil, Edward Waters Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Collaborators: CSL Limited, Victorian Modelling interventions to prevent Program Cytology Service Incorporated, HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study syphilis infection and their acceptability University of Melbourne, La Trobe (Health in Men study) among gay men University A vaccine preparedness cohort study of This study uses mathematical modelling Funding: Australian Research Council, HIV-negative homosexual men. to estimate the likely impact of a range CSL Limited, Victorian Cytology Service Status: During 2001-2004, 1,427 HIV of interventions designed to reduce rates Incorporated negative men were enrolled and active of syphilis infection among gay men, and Location: Biostatistics and Databases follow up ceased in 2007. More than 40 uses both quantitative and qualitative Program peer reviewed publications have resulted research methods to assess how

32 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 33 acceptable such interventions would be to attitudes toward a range of possible Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Wilson, Matthew Law, Rebecca Lorch, Lisa compared to initial infection, and in the target population. interventions through an online survey Social Research; Australian Research Staying safe: How do long term Edward, James Ward, Belinda Ford men who have sex with men (MSM) has Status: Data collection is completed: and were then invited to participate in Centre in Sex, Health and Society; Curtin injecting drug users avoid hepatitis C Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Meredith been associated with an increased HIV 2,306, gay men were recruited to five focus groups in Sydney. Data from University; State AIDS Councils, State infection? Temple-Smith, Jenny Walker, Simone seroconversion risk. Clinical guidelines answer specific questions about their mathematical models were considered PLWHA organisations, and State Health Building on data collected from Poznanski, Alaina Vaisey, Dyani Lewis, in Australia recommend that for all knowledge of syphilis and their attitudes alongside the findings from the Departments. established longitudinal cohort Jane Gunn, Christopher Fairley, Nicola people treated for chlamydia a repeat toward a range of possible interventions acceptability study. Funding: Queensland Health; Victorian of PWID this project is focussed on Low, Marian Pitts, Marion Saville, Dorota test is conducted in 3 months. This through an online survey and were Status: Data collection completed; data Department of Health; NSW Health developing hepatitis C virus (HCV) Gertig, Sepehr Tabrizi, Margaret Hellard randomised controlled trial will assess then invited to participate in three analysis and reporting is ongoing Department; Western Australian prevention programs to assist both new Funding: Australian Government the effectiveness of a SMS reminder focus groups in Sydney and Melbourne. Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Health Department; South Australian and experienced PWID to develop and Department of Health and Ageing and home-based self-collected samples Data from mathematical models were Ian Down, David Wilson, Richard Gray Department of Health; Tasmanian implement strategies to remain uninfected Chlamydia Pilot Program. Further funding (home group) to increase the proportion considered alongside the findings from Collaborators: Australian Research Department of Health; Health with HCV. Through collaborations from NHMRC Project grant from 2011. of patients re-tested after a chlamydia the acceptability study. A report of the Centre in Sex Health and Society Department of the ACT with Harm Reduction Victoria and the Co-location: Sexual Health Program, infection, compared to an SMS reminder findings was published and further data Funding: NSW Health Department Location: HIV Epidemiology and Centre for Population Health at Burnet Public Heath Interventions Research Group, and clinic testing (clinic group). analysis and reporting is ongoing. Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program Institute, data collected from this project Biostatistics and Databases Program, Approximately 600 patients diagnosed Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Prevention Program is also being used to assist people who Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health with chlamydia across two sexual health Bradley, Ian Down, David Wilson, Richard are infected with HCV but who clear the Program clinics will be randomised to the home Gray, Alex Hoare PEP users in Sydney, NSW: pilot cohort virus to continue to inject to avoid re- group or the clinic group. Collaborators: Australian Research Risk factors for HIV seroconversion A cohort of PEP users at St. Vincent’s infection. In-depth interview data allows Status: Recruitment commenced in 2011. Centre in Sex Health and Society (The Seroconversion Study) Hospital, Sydney, with quantitative comparisons of PWID who have acquired eTEST An initiative to enhance STI Personnel: Kirsty Smith, Rebecca Guy, Funding: Commonwealth Department A study of risk factors for HIV infection behavioural data collection at enrolment HCV and those who have not ensuring Testing in gay men Handan Wand, Basil Donovan, John Kaldor of Health and Ageing, NSW Health among people recently diagnosed with when men request PEP, at the completion utility for all PWID. Regular testing of sexually active gay men Collaborators: Christopher Fairley, Department, Victorian Department of HIV infection. of PEP course and six months after Status: Ongoing is required to prevent ongoing transmission Marcus Chen, Catriona Bradshaw, Karen Health Status: During 2011, online and direct completing the PEP course. Aims: to assess Personnel: Peter Higgs, Lisa Maher of STIs. This project assesses whether a Worthington, Jane Hocking, Anna Location: HIV Epidemiology and enrolment continued in Queensland, ability to enrol and maintain a cohort of Collaborators: The Centres for multi-faceted intervention which involves McNulty, Phillip Read, Simon Wright, Prevention Program Victoria, New South Wales, South PEP users and to compare sexual practices Population Health, Burnet Institute; Harm software designed to encourage clinicians Samantha Morgan, Sepehr Tabrizi, Australia and Western Australia, Tasmania of participants before, during and after Reduction Victoria. to test through passive prompts, SMS Suzanne Garland, Bill Rawlinson, Marion and the Australian Capital Territory. In their PEP course. Funding: NHMRC Training recall messaging, audit tools, education Saville, Gary Rickard Modelling interventions to prevent HIV total, 414 individuals with recent primary Status: In 2011, the study protocol Fellowship; UNSW Faculty of Medicine and incentives for testing can increase Funding: NHMRC STI Program Grant infection and their acceptability among HIV infection were enrolled into the study and data collection instrument were Small Grant Scheme testing rates in general practice. eTEST Co-location: Sexual Health Program, gay men in NSW by the second week of December, 2011. developed, and data collection started in Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and will take place in Sydney among 10-15 Public Heath Interventions Research Group This study uses mathematical modelling Analysis and reporting has commenced June 2011. By the end of 2011, the cohort Prevention Program GP clinics with the aim of increasing HIV/ and Biostatistics and Databases Program to estimate the likely impact of a range of and is ongoing. Funding has been enrolled 18 participants and completed STI testing to at least two times per year interventions designed to reduce rates of provided to continue the study through their first follow-up. in high-risk gay men, four times per year HIV infection among gay men, and uses 2012 and extend to include women Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, John McAllister Australian Chlamydia control in HIV positive men, and re-testing after a A randomised trial of rapid point- both quantitative and qualitative research recently diagnosed with HIV. Funding is Collaborators: St Vincent’s Hospital PEP effectiveness pilot (ACCEPt) study chlamydia and gonorrhea infection. These of-care tests for chlamydia and methods to assess how acceptable such currently being sought to continue data clinic Current national guidelines for general aims are in accordance with the testing gonorrhoea infections in remote interventions would be to the target collection for a further three years. Funding: Kirby Institute practitioners (GPs) recommend all guidelines for men who have sex with men. Aboriginal communities population. 600 gay men were recruited Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down, Location: HIV Epidemiology and sexually active people aged 15–29 years Status: Tailored interventions have been Many remote and isolated communities to answer specific questions about their Jack Bradley, Jeff Jin, Andrew Grulich Prevention Program old receive annual testing for chlamydia. introduced to several clinics in Sydney and in Australia continue to experience higher More than 80% of 15–29 year olds attend recruitment of other suitable locations rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea a GP each year less however less than continues. despite focused efforts at STI prevention 10% are being tested for chlamydia by Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Denton and control. In order to interrupt disease their GP. ACCEPt involves a multifaceted Callander, Larissa Lewis, Handan Wand, transmission and reduce the risk of conducted in collaboration with the Australian reduction, pleasure seeking, and basic knowledge.” intervention in the GP setting to John Kaldor, Basil Donovan complications, early diagnosis and Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society in Planning is also underway for another study maximise testing rates and annual Collaborators: Chris Bourne (Sydney treatment is important. However in many Melbourne. called Opposites Attract. “This is a globally testing in sexually active 16‐29 year olds Sexual Health Centre); Vijay Ramanathan remote communities, there are long delays “The earlier versions of the Seroconversion study unique study exploring HIV treatments, viral to see if it can reduce the prevalence of (Central Sydney GP Network); Jane Hocking between clinical testing and the provision have given us incredibly valuable data,” Professor load, and HIV transmission in serodiscordant gay chlamydia infections and its associated (University of Melbourne); Mark Stoove of treatment, due to both distance from Prestage said. “We are talking to recently male relationships, that is, where one man is complications such as PID. This is the (Burnet Institute); John de Wit, (National laboratories and difficulties in recalling diagnosed people, the key people we want to know HIV-negative and the other man is HIV-positive,” first trial of this nature in Australia and Centre in HIV Social Research); Cathy Pell, patients when results arrive. This study about.” This online quantitative and qualitative Professor Prestage said. “We know that using HIV is being led by the Centre for Women’s (Taylor Square Private Clinic); Liza Doyle, will be the first to trial the addition study, with the option of a face-to-face interview, therapy reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission, Health, Gender and Society at University (Australasian Society for HIV Medicine); of point-of-care testing to standard is funded until 2012 but ongoing funding for this and this study will look at the effect of treatment of Melbourne in collaboration with a Geoff Honnor (ACON); Barry Edwards diagnostic procedures with aims of key study is being sought. “The data we collect and on transmission within the relationship, and on large consortium of experts including a (NSW Health); Sonny Williams (Positive improving the interval time to treatment analyse about individual experiences with HIV is how they negotiate risk.” Participants in Opposites number of researchers from the Kirby Life) and decreasing rates of persistent Garrett Prestage very valuable in informing the response, particularly Attract will be followed for four years to track the Institute. In addition, the Kirby Institute Funding: NSW Health chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections Understanding risk behaviour by educators in the development of further likelihood of transmission. has been contracted to develop the Co-location: Sexual Health Program, (many of which are due to re-infection). prevention campaigns. We need to understand “The social and health issues have changed over protocol for Program Evaluation, conduct Biostatistics and Databases Program and The randomised controlled study will Associate Professor Garrett Prestage has been people’s thinking about risk and risk behaviours.” the years for gay men,” he said. “Issues around Mathematical Modelling, and assist with Public Heath Interventions Research Group take place in remote communities in involved in research into the risk behaviours Professor Prestage is instrumental in other studies testing and treatment are now key, and these implementation. Queensland and Western Australia. of gay men for three decades. In that time, of risk behaviours in gay men. “The PASH (Pleasure individuals are uniquely placed to give us this Status: Project officers appointed and Status: Planning/site selection he has worked on each generation of a major and Sexual Health) Study was a survey of gay information. It’s essential information for policy site recruitment in Victoria, NSW, and Chlamydia re-test trial underway. Kirby Institute study, commencing in 1992 with and bisexual men about their experiences of and makers, funders and educators.” southern Queensland began in 2010. By Chlamydia re-infection is common in Personnel: Rebecca Guy, James Ward, the Sydney Men and Sexual Health study, or attitudes toward sex and pleasure,” he said. “It November 2011, 48 postcodes had been women and men. Chlamydia re-infections Basil Donovan, John Kaldor, David SMASH. His most recent work is on the HIV provided valuable information about the knowledge Associate Professor Garrett Prestage BA, PhD, JP recruited. increase the risk of chlamydia-related Wilson, David Regan, Handan Wand, Seroconversion Study. Much of his work is and behaviour of these men in relation to risk HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program Personnel: Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory Louise Causer. Basil Donovan, David Regan, David disease (PID) and infertility, when Collaborators: Lisa Natoli, David

34 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 35 Anderson, Belinda Hengel, David Whiley, Personnel: Garrett Prestage. Funding: NHMRC history and methodology of the Australian Location: HIV Epidemiology and Sepehr Tabrizi (Royal Women’s Hospital) Periodic surveys of HIV risk behaviour Collaborators: Australian Research Centre Location: HIV Epidemiology and behavioural surveys, compiled the review Prevention Program ; Christopher Fairley, Mark Shephard, Lisa (The Gay Community Periodic Surveys) in Sex Health and Society; Victorian AIDS Prevention Program of behavioural trends and their use in Bastian, Sharon Clews, Jarran Heywood A study of sexual risk behaviour, HIV and Council; PLWHA Victoria. policy development. Funding: NHMRC project grant STI testing, and illicit drug use among Funding: Victorian Health Department Status: Analyses were completed and Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk Co-located: Sexual Health Program, gay men in Australia. In 2011, more than Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Predictors of PEP awareness and use in published in 2011. and risk reduction behaviours among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health 9000 behavioural questionnaires surveys Program Australian Gay Community (Australian Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett men who have sex with men in Program, Public Health Interventions were completed in Sydney, Melbourne, Gay Community Periodic Surveys) Prestage Australia (CONNECT study) Research Group, Biostatistics and Databases Adelaide, Perth, Canberra and Brisbane, A quantitative study of trends in PEP Collaborators: National Centre in HIV A cross-sectional quantitative study using Program and Surveillance and Evaluation as well as in certain regional areas of Defining risk and mechanisms of awareness and use among gay men Social Research; State AIDS Councils; respondent-driven sampling to recruit Program for Public Health Queensland. permucosal transmission of acute HCV in Australia. In 2011, all behavioural State PLWHA organisations; State Health homosexual men in Sydney, Melbourne Status: Ongoing analysis and reporting infection within high-risk populations questionnaires completed by the Departments and Perth to investigate norms regarding occurred in 2011. (RAMPT-C Study) participants in Sydney, Melbourne, and Funding: State and Territory Health sexual practices across different social/ Genital chlamydia infection in young Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Iryna A study of HCV transmission and its risk Brisbane Gay Community Periodic Surveys Departments sexual networks. During 2011, the study people: a review of the evidence Zablotska, Ian Down, Andrew Grulich factors among homosexual men. HIV- were analysed in parallel with the analyses Location: HIV Epidemiology and continued recruitment of the participants The Sexual Health Program was Collaborators: National Centre in HIV positive gay men recently diagnosed of data from the PEP clinic in St. Vincent’s Prevention Program using Respondent Driven Sampling. commissioned to do a literature review Social Research; State AIDS Councils; with hepatitis C were recruited to answer hospital. Analyses of PEP use were Status: In 2011, the review of all available on chlamydia, by the NSW Ministerial State PLWHA organisations; State Health specific questions about their knowledge published in the Journal of AIDS in 2011. data about norms regarding sexual Advisory Committee on HIV and STIs Departments of hepatitis C and their beliefs about its Status: The analyses of PEP awareness Study of gay community attachment practices among gay men has been (CAS) Health Promotion Sub-Committee. Funding: State and Territory Health transmission. and literacy are ongoing.. among Australian gay men and completed, presented and submitted for The purpose of the review is to inform Departments Status: Data collection will continue Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, John its implications for behavioural publication. an action plan being prepared by the Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention with an overseas component (London). mcAllister surveillance and research (Australian Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Chlamydia Working Group of the Program Australian data collection was completed Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Gay Community Periodic Surveys) Prestage, Michelle McKechnie, Ben CAS Sub-committee. This action plan in December 2011. Social Research; State AIDS Councils; Repeated cross-sectional surveys of gay- Bavinton, Matthew O’Dwyer will direct NSW Health’s response to Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down, State PLWHA organisations; State Health community attached men (behavioural Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Chlamydia and will thus ensure that the The PASH (Pleasure and Sexual Health) Jack Bradley, Mark Danta, Gail Matthews, Departments surveillance); analyses of trends and Social Research; Curtin University, AIDS chlamydia control strategies are evidence- Study: understandings of risk among Tanya Applegate Funding: State and Territory Health predictors of gay community attachment Council of NSW (ACON), Victorian AIDS based. This review looks at various aspects gay men Funding: NHMRC Departments and their implications for further Council (VAC), AIDS Council of Western of chlamydia including: epidemiology, A study of beliefs and attitudes about Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Location: HIV Epidemiology and behavioural surveillance and research in Australia (WAAC), Australian Federation sequelae, interventions to increase risks and consequences of HIV infection Program Prevention Program Australian gay communities. of AIDS Organizations (AFAO) testing and retesting, health promotion in Australian gay men. Data collection Status: This review of the information Funding: NHMRC (2010-2012) interventions, and level of coverage is completed: In total, 4125 men were about gay community attachment Location: HIV Epidemiology and required to make an impact. referred to the survey, of whom 2306 Out on the Reef Review of the history and methodology in Australian gay communities was Prevention Program Status: Final report submitted in provided sufficiently complete survey This is a study of the experiences of gay of the Australian behavioural completed and published in 2011. November 2011. questionnaires for inclusion in analysis. men living with and affected by HIV surveillance and its implications for Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Hammad Ali, 40 men were interviewed in depth. A in North Queensland. Gay men living policy and prevention (Australian Gay Prestage Mapping gay community networks in Bette Liu, Basil Donovan, John Kaldor, comprehensive community report was in North Queensland were invited to Community Periodic Surveys) Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Sydney, NSW James Ward, David Regan. published in May 2010. participate in three focus groups and in Repeated cross-sectional surveys of gay- Social Research; State AIDS Councils; Mixed-method cross-sectional study Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Chris Bourne Status: Further data analysis and reporting one-on-one key informant interviews community attached men; review of the State PLWHA organisations; State Health involving interviews of opinion leaders Funding: NSW Health is ongoing. in Cairns. Data collected through other history, methodology, behavioural trends Departments representing different networks and Co-location: Sexual Health Program, Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, studies that include men from this region and the use of data for policy development Funding: State and Territory Health organisations of gay men in Sydney to Public Heath Interventions Research Group, Ian Down are being reanalysed to identify specific In 2011, we completed the review of the Departments describe the structure and functioning of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Collaborators: Australian Research issues among men in this region. A Program, Biostatistics and Databases Centre in Sex, Health and Society; Curtin report of the findings was presented at a Program University; National Centre in HIV Social community forum in August, 2011. Research; State AIDS Councils, State Status: Data collection is completed. Data detection of cytological abnormalities has been in this population,” Dorothy said. “The review PLWHA organisations, and State Health analysis is ongoing. used for 60 years, and since the discovery of showed that anal HPV and anal cancer precursors Departments. Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down human papillomavirus (HPV), many studies have are very common in homosexual men, but the Social, behavioural and Funding: Victorian Department of Health; Collaborators: Australian Research Centre described the natural history of cervical HPV rates at which they progress to cancer seem to cultural research NSW Health Department; Western in Sex Health and Society infection. However, while we have estimates of the be much lower than they are for cervical pre- Australian Health Department; South Funding: Queensland Department of prevalence and incidence of anal HPV infection and cancerous lesions. We propose that screening for Australian Department of Health Health AIN (anal intraepithelial neoplasia) in homosexual and treatment of AIN should only take place inside HIM (Health in Men) study: Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention men, the natural history of anal HPV infection and good-quality prospective research studies, so that Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Program Program its progression to anal cancer in homosexual men we can build the evidence to inform anal cancer Australian homosexual men. is unclear. screening guidelines for homosexual men.” The A study to examine the prevalence of Dorothy Machalek is a PhD student working on SPANC study will provide important information on Lymphogranuloma Venereum. Sexually adventurous men’s study Monogamy: meanings and practices the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program’s the natural history of anal HPV infection and AIN Status: Analysis and final reporting (SAMS) among gay men Dorothy Machalek SPANC project: Study of the Prevention of Anal in homosexual men. The study results will be used occurred in 2011 A study to document and record the work This is a study of gay men’s attitudes Applying the lessons from one HPV-linked Cancer, a large study of anal precancerous lesions to inform possible development of guidelines for Personnel: David Templeton, Andrew of the Sexually Adventurous Men’s Projects toward and beliefs about monogamy, and cancer to another in homosexual men over the age of 35. Dorothy’s carrying out screening programs in this population. Grulich, Garrett Prestage, Basil Donovan, of the Victorian AIDS Council and PLWHA how that affects the kinds of relationships recent literature review has shown that insufficient Jeff Jin. Victoria, and to investigate the beliefs and they form. Gay men are being interviewed It has been estimated that rates of anal cancer in evidence exists to justify the current proposals for Dorothy Machalek BSc (Hons), MPH candidate Collaborators: Royal Women’s Hospital, behaviours among gay men in sexually in depth about the concept of monogamy homosexual men are substantially higher than anal cancer screening in homosexual men, based HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program Melbourne. adventurous networks in Melbourne. and their own relationships. rates of cervical cancer are in women. Because of on the model of cervical cancer screening. Thesis title: The natural history of anal human Funding: NIH, NHMRC, DoHA, NSW Status: Processes and record-keeping Status: Data collection is ongoing. this, an anal cytology-based screening program “Although a lot of lessons have come from cervical papillomavirus infection and anal cellular Health documentation have been established, Personnel: Garrett Prestage has been proposed, in a manner analogous to cancer research, we still don’t know a lot about abnormalities in mature aged homosexual men Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention and data collection is ongoing. Interview Collaborators: Australian Research Centre cervical screening. Cervical screening based on the natural history of anal HPV infection and AIN Supervisors: Andrew Grulich, Jeff Jin, Mary Poynten Program schedules have been developed. in Sex Health and Society

36 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 37 the Sydney gay community. The protocol using ‘NVivo9’ software, using the coding depth interviews, mapping techniques, will be reversed, with Clinic 1 offering prior to, and following receipts of, the and data collection instrument were frame constructed during Stage One of the photography, and epidemiological data. the voucher, and Clinic 2 offering cash. intervention. developed. Data collection has commenced project. Observational activities will be conducted The main outcome of interest in this study Status: Evaluation of the clinical and 130 gay community groups and Status: Data collection complete and in settings where illicit drugs are is the proportion and characteristics of intervention currently in progress networks have been interviewed by the end analysis underway consumed. Qualitative in-depth interviews participants willing to participate for cash Personnel: Mihaela Ivan, Lisa Maher of 2011. Personnel: Lisa Maher will be conducted with individuals who versus voucher reimbursement. Collaborators: Kirketon Road Centre, Status: Preliminary analyses of data have Collaborators: National Centre for HIV are members of existing cohort studies, Status: Round 1 data collection South Eastern Sydney Local Health District. started. Social Research. and will utilise a longitudinal perspective completed in April 2011; round 2 due for Funding: NSW Ministry of Health Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Funding: UNSW through annual follow-up of participants. completion in November 2011 Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Prestage, Michelle, McKechnie, Ben Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Status: Ongoing Personnel: Mofizul Islam, Rachel Office (MHDAO) Bavinton, Matt O’Dwyer Prevention Program Personnel: Will Small, Lisa Maher Deacon, Libby Topp Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology Collaborators: AIDS Council of NSW Mihaela Ivan Collaborators: British Columbia Centre for Collaborators: Discipline of Addiction and Prevention Program (ACON) Between clinical practice and public Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver (lead). Medicine, University of Sydney. Funding: NSW Health health An ethno-epidemiological investigation Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Funding: UNSW Faculty of Medicine Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention of social and environmental contexts of Research Faculty Research Grant Evaluation of sexual health services for Program Mihaela Ivan joined the Viral Hepatitis HIV vulnerability among injection drug Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology men who have sex with men in Perth Epidemiology and Prevention Program in users Prevention Program and Prevention Program Review of sexual health services for gay, 2011 as part of a new initiative sponsored By combining ethnographic and bisexual and other MSM The Healthy Liver Campaign by the Kirketon Road Centre (KRC) epidemiological methods this project The Western Australian AIDS Council This study is to evaluate the impact and the South Eastern Sydney Local seeks to develop an ethno-epidemiological Relative efficacy of cash versus Assessment and prevention of (WAAC) provides a peer (or community) of a Healthy Liver Campaign on HCV Health District. Dr Ivan is a public health model of HIV vulnerability among PWID. vouchers in engaging people who injection-related injury and disease based sexual health services for gay, knowledge, assessment and treatment physician and medical epidemiologist. Ethnographic methods are used to inject drugs (PWID) in research. (IRID) among people who inject drugs bisexual, and other men who have sex among people attending OST clinics. KRC is a primary health care centre generate empirical information regarding Ethical concerns around reimbursing Injecting-related injury and disease with men MSM clients at two sites, This Among people attending OST clinics, the providing health services to marginalised key transitional events and social contexts PWID for research participation have (IRID) is a significant health issue model is a relatively new approach to aims of the study are to assess knowledge populations in the Kings Cross area. within the lives of PWID and how these focussed on the potential for cash among PWID. This study aims to identify HIV/STI service delivery among MSM of liver disease and associated factors; Dr Ivan’s research projects are positioned shape HIV risks. These ethnographic payments to precipitate drug use. In prevalence (lifetime and recent) of IRID in Western Australia . This study will assess willingness and barriers to receiving at the interface between clinical practice research activities are integrated with a an effort to overcome perceived ethical and associated risk factors among PWID describe this approach and compare to assessment for liver disease and associated and front line public health. One research broad program of social epidemiology, complexities, some protocols instead attending the Kirketon Road Centre two other service delivery models (general factors; evaluate the impact of a Healthy project is the establishment and evaluation including ongoing epidemiological cohort reimburse participants with vouchers (KRC) and to develop and evaluate an practice and sexual health clinic). We Liver Campaign on knowledge of liver of a pilot opioid overdose prevention and studies. This design permits identification rather than cash. This study employs intervention to prevent and treat IRID will describe the clinic (funding, staffing, disease, liver disease assessment and management intervention. “Overdose of cohort participants undergoing a crossover design at two opioid in this group. A clinician-administered location), the MSM clients attending uptake of interventions; and develop among people who inject drugs is associated key transitions for targeted in-depth substitution therapy (OST) clinics. At screening tool was developed and (numbers, demographics, testing patterns, guidelines for liver disease and FibroScan with significant mortality – more than 300 interviews, as well as examination of Time 1, researchers located in each integrated into routine alcohol and other reasons for attending) and the clients assessment in the OST setting. deaths a year around Australia,” Dr Ivan hypotheses regarding the relationship clinic will interview OST clients about drug assessment for PWID first attending perceptions of the services. Multiple data Status: This study will be submitted to said, “and the morbidity can include brain between HIV vulnerabilities and particular their alcohol use. Three months later KRC. The intervention consisted of collections will take place. HREC for review. damage and other organ failure.” Naloxone is social contexts (e.g. street-based drug (Time 2), the same protocol will be specific safer injecting messages provided Status: ongoing Target: 480 an antagonist medication which reverses the markets and sex work environments). implemented in the same two clinics. by clinicians at the point of venepuncture Personnel: Damian Conway, Rebecca Personnel: Greg Dore, Jason Grebely, Pip effects of opioid overdose.T he pilot program, Status: Ongoing However, at Time 1, Clinic 1 offered $20 to screen for blood borne infections. Guy, Denton Callander Marks, Michelle Micallef to start in 2012, will be implemented in two Personnel: Will Small, Lisa Maher cash as reimbursement while Clinic 2 A survey to assess baseline injecting Collaborators: Martin Holt, Lewis Collaborators: National Centre in clinical settings, KRC and a drug treatment Collaborators: Urban Health Research offered a $20 voucher. At Time 2, this knowledge and practices was conducted Marshall, Trish Langdon, Michael HIV Social Research (NCHSR); Centre clinic, the Langton Centre. This intervention Institute, British Columbia Centre for for Health Initiatives, University of comprises an overdose management Excellence in HIV/AIDS. Wollongong; Australian Injecting and Illicit training session for injectors and their Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Drug Users League (AIVL); Hepatitis C carers, and the prescription of ‘take home’ Research Post Doctoral Fellowship; Council of NSW and NSW Users and AIDS naloxone packs. Dr Ivan’s evaluation of this Michael Smith Foundation for Health greatest risk of STIs. “We urgently need improved to receive a Sexual Health Quality Improvement Association (NUAA). intervention will assess its feasibility and Research Post Doctoral Fellowship outcomes in sexual health for priority populations, Program (SHQIP),” Dr Guy said. “The primary Funding: Schering Plough and University acceptability, and will include a prospective Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and particularly those who experience sexual health outcome is STI prevalence, measured annually.” of NSW Major Research Equipment and observational study to assess knowledge Prevention Program disadvantage – Aboriginal people, young people, Other aspects of this work are designed to improve Research Infrastructure (MREII) grant and attitudes regarding overdose prevention, and men who have sex with men,” Dr Guy said. chlamydia testing and management in young Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research before and after training. A second project “We must use a range of strategies, including people in general practice and to improve STI testing Program is an assessment of, and prevention of, Exploring the natural history of injection information technology and new laboratory and management in men who have sex with men. injection-related injury and disease (IRID) drug use: A qualitative study of social developments, to ensure better patient outcomes.” Dr Guy’s fourth area of interest is to establish among people who inject drugs (PWID). IRID and environmental influences in the Dr Guy’s research falls into four broad groups. The a cohort of adolescents to assess the impact of Staying safe Sydney among PWID is increasingly recognised as VIDUS cohort first is using available clinical data to evaluate internet exposure to sexual material. “We know This study aims to explore the social a significant health issue for this population. This study seeks to: (1) examine the sexual health clinical service strategies, through that earlier onset of sexual activity increases the practices and conditions associated “This project will identify the range of IRID influence of social and environmental the Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia chances of adverse health outcomes,” Dr Guy with long term avoidance of hepatitis C and their prevalence, both lifetime and factors on critical initiation and Rebecca Guy Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) network. said. “There has been a massive increase in new virus infection. During 2011 a further 12 recent, among PWID attending KRC,” Dr Ivan transitional events among street youth Improved outcomes in sexual health “ACCESS provided the first reliable means of media use among young adolescents. So this year participants from South West Sydney were said, “as well as the risk factors associated and adults who inject drugs, including interpreting trends in chlamydia diagnoses,” I have started work developing a study in young recruited into Stage Two. Initial interviews with IRIDs. It will also develop appropriate transitions in drug use, initiation into In the third year of a four-year NHMRC post- Dr Guy said. The second research focus is the adolescents, to investigate whether exposure explored participants’ life histories, interventions to prevent and treat IRID drug scenes and sex work; (2) examine doctoral fellowship, Dr Rebecca Guy’s research evaluation of novel strategies to improve access to sexual content in new media leads to earlier focussing on constructing a ‘timeline’ and to evaluate these interventions and the influence of social and physical program into the prevention of sexually to STI diagnostic testing, long recognised as a key sexual activity, risk behaviour and adverse mental which was later reproduced graphically disseminate project findings.” contexts within ‘drug scenes’ on HIV risk transmitted infections (STIs) includes observational control strategy for curable STIs. health outcomes.” using ‘Timeline Maker Professional’ behaviour; (3) refine and document an studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, short- A third area of research concerns ways to support software. Follow up interviews focused Dr Mihaela Ivan MD MSc FAFPHM evolving ethno-epidemiological approach term field trials and two large cluster randomised changes in improved clinical practice to achieve a Rebecca Guy BAppSc, MAppEpid, PhD on drug use over time and place with the Lecturer, Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and to investigating the natural history of trials. Her motive: to achieve substantial reduction in STI prevalence. “One approach is in a Senior Lecturer and NHMRC Post-doctoral Fellow, ‘timeline’ serving as a prompt. Data from Prevention Program injection drug use. The study employs improvements in sexual health among people at large-scale study with 67 remote communities due Sexual Health Program the 23 completed interviews is being coded observational ethnographic activities, in-

38 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 39 Atkinson, Jenny McCloskey, Ric Chaney tested in three months to detect chlamydia this, the completion rates among sexual McNulty (Sydney Sexual Health Centre) Melbourne. Status: Analyses of cancer incidence by Funding: NHMRC Program grant re-infections. Despite this, a recent analysis health clinic attendees have been reported Funding: Nil Funding: NIH, NHMRC, DoHA, NSW Health postcode occurred. Location: Sexual Health Program of heterosexuals attending 19 sexual to be suboptimal in many clinics. In 2008, Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Mary health clinics found that the proportion Sydney Sexual health Centre implemented Biostatistics and Databases Program Program Poynten, Jeff Jin of patients with chlamydia infection a SMS reminder system to improve Collaborators: NSW Cancer Registry Chlamydia testing and management who were re-tested in 1-4 months was compliance with HBV vaccine schedule. Funding: NHMRC Fellowship practices in Australian family planning 11.9% in heterosexual males and 17.8% in The purpose of this study was to evaluate Culturally and linguistically diverse Examination of injecting drug use life Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention clinics heterosexual females. In late 2008, Sydney whether a reminder of the next vaccine MSM at SSHC: diagnostic and course and estimating prevalence and Program Chlamydia is the most common reportable Sexual health Centre implemented a SMS dose sent by (SMS to the vaccinee’s mobile behavioural trends health consequences of a dynamic infection in Australia with over 70,000 reminder system to improve the frequency phone increases compliance with hepatitis Differences may exist in both STI risk population cases reported in 2010. Chlamydia of the re-testing within three months of B vaccination schedule. A secondary behaviour and testing practice between the This project examines longitudinal International pooled analysis of immune infection is associated with adverse health a chlamydia infection. We evaluated the objective was to identify differences in major Culturally and Linguistically Diverse datasets of injecting drug users from the risk factors for lymphoma outcomes including pelvic inflammatory impact of the SMS reminder system on completion between patient sub-groups groups within Australia. The purpose UK (e. g. Edinburgh Addiction Cohort A pooled analysis of case-control studies disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and chlamydia re-testing within 3 of initial eligible for HBV vaccination. of this study is to compare practice and Study) and Australia (e. g. Hepatitis of immune risk factors for lymphoma. tubal infertility. Chlamydia testing, infection in heterosexuals attending Status: in progress trends over time. Data will be analysed by Incidence and Transmission Study) taking All twelve member studies sent data contact tracing and retesting practices Sydney Sexual Health Clinic. A controlled Personnel: Handan Wand, Rebecca Guy country of birth (Australian born versus into account periods of injecting and non- on a pooled total of 12,982 cases and of clinicians are important foundations observational study design was used. Collaborators: Phillip Read, Vickie Knight, overseas born) and Language spoken. injecting. This will allow for more valid 16,441 controls, and results on auto- for early detection and prevention of Status: Manuscript submitted to the STI Anna McNulty (Sydney Sexual health Status: Data analysis is ongoing and projections of injecting drug use health immune disease as a risk factor for chlamydia infections. The aims of this journal Centre) we aim to submit an abstract to the consequences and associated health non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were study are to assess chlamydia testing, Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand Funding: Nil Australasian Sexual Health Conference impacts and costs of interventions. reported. partner notification and retesting practices Collaborators: Phillip Read, Aurelie Co-location: Sexual Health Program and 2011 prior to publication. Status: Completed June 2011 Status: Analyses on infectious of clinicians at Family Planning clinics Kenigsberg, Vickie Knight, Anna McNulty Biostatistics and Databases Program Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand, Personnel: Jo Kimber, Lisa Maher conditions and NHL risk were reported. in Australia; to determine enablers and (Sydney Sexual health Centre) Basil Donovan Collaborators: University of Bristol; MRC Personnel: Andrew Grulich barriers to chlamydia testing, contact Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Collaborators: Chris Bourne (NSW Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge; Muirhouse Collaborators: UNSW Cancer tracing and retesting; and to identify Biostatistics and Databases Program New Xpress STI screening clinic Health); Phillip Read (Sydney Sexual Medical Group, Edinburgh; London School Research Centre; University of opportunities for training and support improves patient journey and clinic Health Centre) of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Southern California; German Cancer of clinicians and future interventions for capacity at a large sexual health clinic Funding: Nil Funding: NHMRC (Sidney Sax) Training Research Centre; Feinberg School of chlamydia prevention. This study will be Do SMS reminders improve STI testing In December 2010 a new ‘express’ testing Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Fellowship Medicine, Northwest University; Centre conducted at Family Planning Clinics in frequency in men who have sex with service (Xpress) was implemented Biostatistics and Databases Program Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and for Study and Prevention of Cancer; all states and territories of Australia and men (MSM)? alongside routine clinics at a large sexual Prevention Program Aviano Cancer Centre; Catalan Institute will involved an online survey of clinicians’ In late 2008, Sydney Sexual health Centre health clinic. Xpress involved a computer of Oncology; University of California, chlamydia testing and management implemented a reminder system to improve assisted self interview (CASI), self- Unprotected oral sex and sex workers at San Francisco; David Geffen School practices. Following the survey, focus re-testing rates for HIV and sexually collected samples, and enrolled nurse Sydney Sexual Health Centre of Medicine, University of California, groups among family planning clinics’ transmissible infections (STIs) in men who staffing. The evaluation demonstrated the Unprotected fellatio at work may Infection-related cancer Los Angeles; University of York; British clinicians will be conducted to determine have sex with men (MSM); 3-6 monthly Xpress clinic improved the patient journey represent a risk for STI acquisition in the Columbia Cancer Registry; School of enablers and barriers to the testing and SMS reminders were recommended for in regards to waiting times and length oropharynx, and subsequent onwards Medicine, Yale University management of patients for chlamydia. high-risk MSM. We evaluated the impact of stay at the clinic, and even though the transmission. This study seeks to identify The SPANC study (Study of the Funding: Leukaemia Foundation of Status: Ethics approved; roll out of survey of the SMS reminder system on HIV/STI Xpress clinics was not fully utilised more the determinants of unprotected fellatio, prevention of anal cancer) Australia and focus groups in early 2012. testing re-testing rates in MSM attending patients were seen overall in the clinic with and where possible correlate this to the A cohort study to examine the prevalence, Location: HIV Epidemiology and Personnel: Joanne Micallef, Rebecca Guy Sydney Sexual Health Clinic. A controlled minimal additional costs. presence of gonorrhea in the oropharynx. incidence and risk factors for progression Prevention Program Collaborators: Deborah Bateson (Family observational study design was used. Status: paper drafted Sex workers attending Sydney Sexual of human papillomavirus infection and Planning New South Wales); Caroline Status: Final manuscript accepted for Personnel: Handan Wand, Rebecca Guy Health Centre were asked about their use anal cancer precursors in HIV positive and Harvey (Family Planning Queensland); publication in the STI journal Collaborators: Vickie Knight, Heng Lu, of condoms for fellatio at work, and swabs HIV negative homosexual men aged 35 Serological studies of HPV in gay Julie Mooney-Somers (University of Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand Anna McNulty (Sydney Sexual health were taken for gonorrhea testing. and older. Australian men Sydney); Caroline Van Gemert (Burnet Collaborations: Chris Bourne, Vickie Centre); Status: Results were presented at the Status: By the end of 2011, 190 A sero-epidemiological study of the Institute) Knight, Heng Lu, Anna McNulty (Sydney Nathan Ryder, (Sexual Health and Blood ISSTDR conference in July 2011 prior to participants were recruited. Initial prevalence, incidence and predictors of Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Sexual health Centre) Borne Virus Unit, Department of Health publication. analyses were reported on safety and infection with a number of different HPV Public Health Interventions Research Group Funding: Nil and Families, NT) Personnel: Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, adverse effects of anal cancer screening types. Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Funding: Nil Handan Wand were presented. Status: In 2011, over 5000 serological Biostatistics and Databases Program Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Collaborators: Phillip Read, Anna Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Jeff Jin, samples from the Health in Men study Biostatistics and Databases Program McNulty (Sydney Sexual Health Centre) David Templeton, Garrett Prestage were analysed for antibodies to 10 HPV Collaborative projects Co-location: Sexual Health Program and Collaborators: St Vincent’s Hospital; types at the German Cancer Research with Sydney Sexual The use of SMS reminders to increase Biostatistics and Databases Program Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Centre (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, Germany. Health Centre completion of Hepatitis A and B Seasonal trends in STI diagnoses: an Centre, Westmead Hospital; Melbourne Analyses of the data were completed. One vaccination courses in a Sydney sexual investigation Sexual Health Centre; Royal Women’s paper has been submitted and another is health clinic Local, State-wide and national notification Hospital, Melbourne; Douglass Hanly being drafted. Do SMS reminders improve retesting Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public data for STIs appears to show consistent Clinical epidemiology Moir Pathology; School of Public Health, Personnel: Mary Poynten, Andrew rates after chlamydia infection in health problem worldwide. Prevention variation at specific times during the year. University of Sydney Grulich, Jeff Jin, Dave Templeton, Garrett heterosexuals? is widely acknowledged to be the most The aim of the study is to identify seasonal Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Prestage, Tim Waterboer, Michael Pawlita, Chlamydia re-infection is common in effective approach to the problem. A trends in STI diagnoses, and to correlate HIM (Health in Men) study: Chlamydia Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Christopher Fairley, Basil Donovan, women and men. By 12 months re- vaccine has been available since 1982, this to trends in sexual behaviour, alcohol serovars in Australian homosexual men Program Suzanne Garland infection rates have been reported to be and the standard immunisation schedule and drug use. Data from the Sydney Sexual A study to examine the prevalence and Collaborators: German Cancer Research as high as 22% in a chlamydia re-infection consists of three injections, at zero, one Health Centre database will be used for incidence of different Chlamydia serovars. Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany prospective cohort of young women in and six months. There are also Hepatitis this analysis. Status: Analysis and final reporting Geographic variation in anal cancer Funding: STI Program Grant, NHMRC Australia 2008-2009. In light of the high A/B combinations vaccinations which Status: Data analysis is ongoing. occurred in 2011 incidence in New South Wales Post-doctoral Training Scholarship (M. re-infection rates, clinical guidelines in follow the same schedule. Noncompliance Project members: Handan Wand, Basil Personnel: David Templeton, Andrew A review of NSW data on cancer incidence Poynten) Australia recommend that any people with vaccination schedules undermines the Donovan, Rebecca Guy Grulich, Garrett Prestage, Jeff Jin. in those postcodes with a high proportion Location: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention diagnosed with chlamydia should be re- potential benefits of immunization. Despite Collaborators: Phillip Read, Anna Collaborators: Royal Women’s Hospital, of homosexually active men. Program

40 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 41 resear c h n laboratory

HepBank Clinical Sample Repository and natural history studies carried out by To develop affordable assays to support host & Open Access Substudy database the Kirby. Assays were performed as part genetic and viral phylogenetic studies. (LabKey) the PINT trial of therapy with the integrase Status: ongoing Establishment of a HCV sample repository inhibitor, Raltegravir and the Restore and Personnel: Francois Lamoury, Brendan that incorporates barcoding to facilitate PrIRIS studies in Bangkok and Sydney Jacka, Sofia Bartlett, Tanya Applegate patient sample and data management. respectively. Other studies were conducted Collaborators: Philip Cunningham, Alex This includes samples from ATAHC and as part of the PHIIDO observational study Carrera CHARIOT and prospective trials including of primary HIV infection. These assays Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Sample collection for Prospective cohorts were validated in the context two clinical Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research and trials including ATAHC I recall / competed clinical studies assessing latent Program (laboratory program) and SEARCH-C / ACTIVATE / ATAHC II / TB infection in Bangkok and Sydney; in Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program DARE-C / ETHOS. The web-based LabKey a clinical study of CMV re-activation and database will link existing clinical, sample Adenovirus infection following paediatric repository and laboratory data-sets to bone marrow transplantation, and in allow comprehensive analysis of clinical following immune responses with gluten Development of new trial results. induced flares of Coeliac disease. Assays therapeutic modalities Laboratory surveillance of incident HIV A systematic mechanism to follow up the Status: ongoing were also conducted to elucidate the infection PHAEDRA and Core01 cohorts in Sydney RESTORE Personnel: Sofia Bartlett, Ineke Shaw, generation of CD4+ t cell responses during Laboratory markers are used to determine and Melbourne with acute and early HIV-1 An observational study to explore Pip Marks, Trent Schafer, Brendan Jacka, primary vaccinia vaccination. HIV drug resistance and viral tropism incident from established HIV infection infection. reconstitution of immunity in patients with Tanya Applegate, Ansari Shaik, Tony Kelleher Status: Continued analysis of samples This project involves the development of to monitor the trends in newly acquired Status: 137 patients were enrolled in this advanced HIV-1-infection commencing Funding: NHMRC Program Grant + UNSW from PHAEDRA and the long-term non- expertise in the application of a number of infections, providing an important sentinel extension study by December 2011 and combination antiretroviral therapy Major Equipment Research funding progressor cohorts, TB studies completed, methods of detecting antiretroviral drug surveillance tool. BED ELISAs, and analysis follow up is continuing. Target: 50 patients recruited and in follow- Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Studies of CMV disease to be completed in resistance through genotypic testing of of other routine laboratory markers used in Personnel: Pat Grey, Ansari Shaik, David up Program (laboratory program) and 2011 and coeliac study commenced. HIV isolates. We have three major projects: the diagnosis of HIV infection, are used in Cooper, Anthony Kelleher. Sites: one site in Thailand Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program Personnel: Susanna Ip, Laura Cook, evaluation and conducting commercially monitoring new infections. Collaborators: Robert Finlayson, Mark Personnel: Denise Hsu, Sarah Pett, Sean Mee-Ling Munier, Michelle Bailey, Yin Xu, available genotype testing for protease, Status: All newly identified cases of HIV Bloch, Cassy Workman, Robert McFarlane, Emery, Anthony Kelleher, Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Celine Yan, reverse transcriptase regions; development infection at the NSW State Reference Dr B.K. Tee, Norman Roth, Phillip Collaborators: Jintanat Ananworanich, Anthony Kelleher, Denise Hsu of a new, cheap in-house genotyping Laboratory for HIV at St Vincent’s Hospital Cunningham, John Zaunders, Tim Read, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Anchalee Assay development Collaborators: John Zaunders, method from blood dry-spots as a starting were analysed on BED assays. During 2011, John Murray, School of Mathematics Avihingsanon, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Praphan Mahila Namasivayam, Tony Walls, material, ; and developing assays for the protocols were further developed towards Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Phanuphak, HIV-NAT Bangkok John Ziegler, Nabila Seddiki, Stephen determination of CCR5 tropism of patient’s a goal of deriving viral sequence fro RT Location: Immunovirology and Funding: NHMRC, UNSW Assays of T-cell function, proliferation Kent, Bob Anderson, Jason Tye-Din, HIV isolates. More than 700 HIV-1 protease and integrase genes from dried Pathogenesis Program Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research and cytotoxicity, and identification of Jintanat Ananworanich, Sasiwimol resistance genotypes have been performed blood spots. This would allow sophisticated Program antigen-specific T-cells Ubolyam, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Kiat based on the commercial based resistant molecular epidemiology to be preformed A range of flow cytometric assays for Ruxrungtham, Praphan Phanuphak assays. Validation of new in-house even in resource-poor settings. Australian Long-Term Non-progressor assessing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell function Funding: NHMRC, St Vincent’s Hospital, genotyping method is close to is close to Personnel: Anthony Kelleher Study are worked up in the laboratory. The Coeliac Foundation completion.. The CCR5 tropism assay for Collaborators: Philip Cunningham, St The Australian long-term non-progressor Laboratory service and measures of antigen-specific T-cells include Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical RNA has been transferred to the NSW State Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney; Sara Evans, cohort study was established in 1994 support T cell proliferation, activation and cytokine Research Program and Immunovirology and reference laboratory at St Vincent’s and is Celine Yang, Kazuo Suzuki, Jane Cornwall and is ongoing. Studies focussing on secretion. Such assays are important for Pathogenesis Program being used for routine care. The validation Funding: NSW Health Department identifying the reason this rare group understanding HIV pathogenesis and in of the DNA version of this assay is complete Location: Immunovirology and of people with prolonged HIV infection Specimen receipt and processing for responses to vaccines, and therefore are Development of research tools to assess and will be used info routine patient care Pathogenesis Program remain healthy, with virtually no damage clinical trials and natural history studies included in the protocols of clinical trials host and viral genetic variations form January 2012. to their immune system, are extremely The laboratory provides a service important for understanding the to other Kirby Institute programs INSIGHT NWCS for FIRST (CPCRA 058) pathogenesis of HIV and for developing encompassing the separation of blood banked plasma samples new antiretroviral therapy and components including but not limited to allow much greater flexibility, efficiency and Professor Kelleher said, “and we will also know The effects of Protease Inhibitor and Non- preventative vaccines. to; cryopreservation of serum, plasma accuracy in tracking patient profiles and samples. immediately what samples we have for those Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Status: Of the 163 participants recruited and PBMC, archiving and on shipping IVPP holds a huge repository of samples, the patients. This allows us to efficiently facilitate – based Highly Active Antiretroviral to this cohort 42 individuals (sustained of samples. The service also includes majority from patients with HIV infection, and collaborations nationally and internationally in a Therapy (HAART) on Biomarkers of non-progressors) are still treatment-naïve. database management of the storage of all data used to be entered in thirty or forty way that we couldn’t do before.” Inflammation and Microbial Translocation Four new patients were recruited in 2011. these samples. Staff also have experience Excel spread sheets. Using Oracle, Ansari has The interlocking databases have expanded in HAART naïve, HIV-infected subjects in Personnel: *Linda Gelgor, Anthony with the implementation of assays created databases for 70 studies, including two to allow not only dynamic and flexible data CPCRA study 058 (FIRST) Kelleher, Pat Grey, Ansari Shaik, John which are not offered by local diagnostic enormously important groups of patients and storage but also real-time entry from external Status: ongoing Kaldor, David Cooper (*deceased in 2011) laboratories. This service contributes to samples: the 100-odd Long Term Non Progressors sites in Australia and overseas, which reduces Personnel: Handan Wand Collaborators: Long-Term Non-progressor the overall smooth running of clinical group, whose HIV disease does not progress, transcription time and errors. “This is invisible Collaborator: Daniel Nixon Study Group, including clinical sites in trials and natural history studies. and the primary infection group of 341 patients, but crucial support for what we do,” Professor Funding: INSIGHT trial network. Sydney, Port Kembla, Canberra, Brisbane Status: Ongoing whose samples were taken at a very early stage Kelleher said. “And Ansari wrote it all.” Location: Biostatistics and Databases Program and Melbourne; Kat Marks, St Vincent’s Personnel: Anthony Kelleher Ansari Shaik of infection. These cohorts are important for Ansari believes that few other Australian Hospital, Sydney; Stephen Kent and Collaborators: Kate Merlin, Julie Designer of the (CLINLAB) HIVIRL database understanding the factors underlying different laboratories have achieved this level of data Ivan Stratov, University of Melbourne. Yeung, Maria Piperias, Bertha Fsadni (St rates of disease progression. The database now management. “When they hear about ours, they Immunopathogenesis and International collaboration includes Elite Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney) Ansari Shaik joined the Kirby Institute in 2003 tracks more than 180,000 vials containing are asking about it,” he said. “I am very satisfied correlates of immunity Controller Collaborative Project and the Funding: Project-specific grants as a data administrator. But five years ago, when samples taken from almost 28,000 patient visits. with what we have done, but there is still more research International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program “Ansari’s new databases would allow us, to do.” (IAVI). Research Program and Immunovirology (IVPP) program head Tony Kelleher heard that for example, to do a new study on primary Funding: NHMRC and Pathogenesis Program Ansari was an Oracle programmer, he jumped at infection patients with a particular set of criteria Ansari Shaik BA, MBA Data Administrator Primary HIV and early disease research Location: Immunovirology and the chance of creating dynamic new databases which we can search the database to find,” Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program – Australian cohort (PHAEDRA) Extension Pathogenesis Program

42 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 43 Status: Validation of assays nearing To characterise HCV adaptation to HLA- This study is designed to evaluate serum Mokany (SpeeDx Pty Ltd, Sydney). completion restricted immune response and examine vitamin d levels and the relationship Translational research: Funding: National Institute of Health, Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Celine Yan, the influence of HLA alleles on HCV between vitamin d and histologic disease viral NHMRC Program Grant, Australian Kerstin Koelsch, Yong Pan sequence evolution and escape mutations. severity in hcv genotype 1 patients with Postgraduate Award Collaborators: Kazuo Suzuki, Kat Marks, Status:Ongoing biopsy proven CHC from the CHARIOT Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Nick Rismanto Philip Cunningham, Leon Personnel: Greg Dore, Gail Matthews study. RADAR - Resistance Against Directly Research Program (laboratory program) McNally, Alexander Carrera Collaborators: Simon Malal and Silvana Status: Ongoing Acting Antivirals in Australian Trial in and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Funding: NSW Health Department, ViiV Gaudieri (CCiBS, Perth) and Andrew Personnel: Greg Dore, Pip Marks, Sofia Acute Hepatitis C, (ATAHC) Program Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Lloyd (UNSW) Bartlett. Identification of the prevalence of pre- Research Program and Immunovirology and Funding: National Institute of Health Collaborators: Stuart Roberts, existing resistance mutations within the Pathogenesis Program Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Matthew Kitson. ATAHC cohort in treatment naïve patients, Research Program (laboratory program) Funding: The Alfred Hospital, to Polymerase and Protease Inhibitors Transmission research Chantelle Ahlenstiel and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Melbourne, Roche Products Pty Ltd using Deep Sequencing analysis. RNA inducing viral latency Toward eradication Program Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Status: Ongoing This project is related to siRNA gene Research Program (laboratory program) Personnel: Gail Matthews, Tanya ITHACA: Investigating Transmission silencing for HIV-1 and SIV infection. Chantelle Ahlenstiel, who joined the and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Applegate, Greg Dore Dynamics of HCV Among injecting drug siRNAs targeting viral promoter DNA Kirby Institute in 2009, is working on IP10, IL28B serum protein levels and Program Collaborators: Silvana Gaudieri users in Canada and Australia region induce transcriptional gene an area of HIV pathogenesis, which has T-cell responses in recently acquired Funding: NHMRC Project Grant, NHMRC Status: The goal of this project is to silencing (TGS) of viral genes in infected the potential to provide insight into HCV (ATAHC) Program grant evaluate HCV transmission dynamics cells. The study has been extended to eradicating the virus from the body’s Analysing serum IP-10 and IL28B Role of host genetics in chronic HCV Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research among injecting drug users (IDUs). two major objectives: delivery system of latent reservoirs – a crucial step on the protein levels (by ELISA) as a marker combination treatment response Program (laboratory program) and First, we are interested in how HCV is siRNA and mechanism of gene silencing. pathway toward a novel and exciting of spontaneous and treatment-induced To identify a combination of baseline co- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program transmitted from older to younger IDUs To develop and evaluate delivery systems potential new gene therapy for HIV-1 clearance during early HCV infection. variates, serum protein markers and host and whether public health initiatives have including lentiviral and non-viral treatment. Status: Ongoing genetic markers to develop a treatment led to a reduction in transmission. Second, systems for use in a humanised mouse Dr Ahlenstiel’s research builds on previous Personnel: Jason Grebely, Tanya algorithm to predict the response rate of Characterisation of reinfection/mixed we are interested in understanding how HIV-1 infection model; and to define the work by colleague Dr Kazuo Suzuki Applegate, Greg Dore, Gail Matthews each patient considering treatment for HCV infection in recently acquired HCV frequently reinfection and mixed infections pathways by which dsRNAs targeting on siRNA, a very small piece of nucleic Collaborators: Jordan Feld (Toronto CHC. (ATAHC) with HCV occur and what characteristics the promoter regions of HIV-1 and SIV. acid, which binds to a region of the HIV University, Canada), Andrew Lloyd Status: Ongoing Analysis of the prevalence and impact are associated with reinfection/mixed Silencing constructs applicable for use in promoter driving HIV replication. The (UNSW), Jacqueline Flynn and Rosemary Personnel: Greg Dore, Pip Marks, Sofia of HCV reinfection and mixed infection infections. We plan to conduct this study HIV-1 infection have been development. binding process interrupts the replication Ffrench (Burnet Institute, Victoria) Bartlett, Tanya Applegate. using novel real time PCR (MNAzyme) within well-established cohorts of IDUs in These constructs have been incorporated and effectively silences the virus. Funding: National Institute of Health, Collaborators: Jacob George, Stuart technology, direct sequencing and Vancouver, the Vancouver Injecting Drug into a lentiviral delivery system, which will She has used one particular target region NHMRC Program Grant Roberts. genotype specific PCR. Users Study (VIDUS) and the At-risk Youth be assessed in vitro. Epigenetic changes to map out the process of transcriptional Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Funding: Roche Products Pty Ltd Status: Ongoing Study (ARYS). Ethics approval is expected induced by siRNAs targeting HIV-LTR gene silencing and the mechanisms which Research Program (laboratory program) Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Personnel: Brendan Jacka, Tanya from the UBC Providence Health Care will also be defined. We also investigated it uses: DNA and histone methylation and and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Research Program (laboratory program) Applegate, Jason Grebely, Greg Dore, Gail Ethics Committee in Canada during 2012. the subcellular localisation of Argonaute histone deacetylation. Her research has Program and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Matthews Ethics is currently being sought for work to proteins (Ago) during the TGS process taken a two-pronged approach: one is Program Collaborators: Sean Pham & Peter White be done in Australia. and recently reported the presence of characterising and developing new siRNA (UNSW, Sydney), Alison Todd & Elisa Status: Ongoing Ago1 in the nucleus and Ago2 in the targets, which she will then combine to Investigation of the association nuclear membrane as demonstrated by see if they have a synergistic silencing between ITPA polymorphism, on- confocal microscope using tagged Ago1/ effect.T he second approach is to look at treatment anemia and treatment Ago2 and fluorescently labelled siRNA. the siRNA interaction with other proteins outcome in the CHARIOT cohort We also demonstrated colocalisation during the binding phase. This study is designed to evaluate real-time analysis, located in PC3 lab for Professor at the role of a particular protein in the chain of between Ago1 or Ago2 and F-actin and “I am looking at protein-protein the association between the ITPA Turville’s work. This allows real-time analysis of events which is HIV infection. “We are targeting are currently following up of this novel interactions with mass spectrometry polymorphisms rs1127354 and rs7270101, the kinetics of virus cell interactions, along with his a protein, called dynamin-II, with new drugs, finding to potentially link transport of the to identify all the proteins present,” Dr and on-treatment anaemia, RBV dose unique fluorescent viral constructs. because we hope that by attacking dynamin-II we molecules from the cytoplasm into the Ahlenstiel said. “Preliminary results have reduction and rate of SVR in the CHARIOT Dr Anupriya Aggarwal and Tina Iemma are may be able to reduce the potential for infection.” nucleus where they would then act on the given us some exciting lead candidates, cohort. members of Professor Turville’s team. Dr Aggarwal The dynamin-II protein plays many roles in the HIV-1 promoter to initiate gene silencing. proteins which are all involved in the Status: Ongoing looks at the spread of HIV within the cells of the human body, including regulating communication Status: Ongoing pathways known to work during gene Personnel: Greg Dore, Gail Matthews, Pip human immune system. “Our main interest has between nerve cells, but more recently it was Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Chantelle silencing.” This builds on her results from Marks, Sofia Bartlett. been the observations of dendritic cells, or DCs, discovered that dynamin-II is also involved in HIV Hood, Sanjay Swaminathan fluorescent microscopy studies, recently Collaborators: Alex Thompson (St since this cell type is one of the first that the virus infection. In collaboration with the University of Collaborators: Kazuo Suzuki, Takaomi published in the journal Nucleic Acids Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne) and encounters in genital mucosa,” she said, “DCs Sydney and University of Newcastle, Professor Ishida, Makoto Ymamagisi, Toshiki Research, which showed co-localisation CHARIOT PSC. also have the unique ability to disseminate virus Turville and Tina are testing newly developed Watanebe between siRNA and proteins involved in Funding: St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Anu Aggarwal and Tina Iemma very efficiently to CD4+ cells.T hrough dynamic drugs against dynamin-II for their ability to Funding: NHMRC gene silencing. Roche Products Pty Ltd Improving sexual health management in imaging of infected DCs, we have characterised reduce HIV infection. In addition to this, Tina uses Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Dr Suzuki has already achieved exciting Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Aboriginal health services finger-like projections, called ‘HIV filopodia’. fluorescent microscopy to track live HIV particles Research Program and Immunovirology and preliminary data indicating that the gene Research Program (laboratory program) “The virus localises at the tips of these long as they infect cells. Pathogenesis Program silencing process effectively silences and Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Professor Stuart Turville is the Senior Research projections by hijacking the normal cellular HIV in mice. When Dr Ahlenstiel and Program Fellow who brought his HIV Biology Research Group machinery. We are currently trying to understand Dr Anupriya Aggarwal PhD, Research Assistant colleagues have identified which of the to join the Kirby’s Immunovirology and Pathogenesis the mechanisms underlying the formation of Tina Iemma BSc (Adv) (Hons) PhD candidate, siRNA sections work best in mice, “the Program in March 2011. The focus of the group these structures and the ways in which the virus Thesis title: The Role of Dynamin-II in HIV Translational research: ultimate step will be to use it in human A study of the relationship between is to improve understanding of HIV transmission manipulates them for its own ends.” Pathogenesis host studies,” she said. vitamin status and the severity of liver between cell types through the use of advanced live Tina Iemma worked with Dr Aggarwal on this Supervisors: Stuart Turville; Phillip Robinson disease and outcomes of the treatment cell microscopic imaging techniques. An important project when she joined the team as a Research (University of Sydney) Chantelle Ahlenstiel PhD with Pegylated interferon alfal 2A plus piece of technology for this process is a fluorescent Assistant. She was also working on a project which HIV Biology Group, Immunovirology and In-vivo hepatitis C virus adaptation to Research Assistant, Immunovirology and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Genotype 1 microscope capable of live cell, multiple colour, has now become her PhD study. Tina is looking Pathogenesis Program host in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) Pathogenesis Program infected patients

44 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 45 n ABORIGINAL AND 47 TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER HEALTH rant G odelling ANNA borne (the Institute), viral infections Kirby and the Aboriginal for peak organisation HealthCommunity Controlled Services the Institute Kirby Together, (NACCHO). and implement will develop and NACCHO a clinical research program through five in urban and regional ACCHS selected that clinical areas with an aim of improving practice and program delivery in this sector. Status: Research being undertaken in each of the partner sites organisation James Ward, John Kaldor, Personnel: David Thiele, Sophie Couzos, Dea Delaney Basil Dore, Hunt, Greg Jenny Scrimgeour, MaryDonovan, Ellen Harrod, Maurice Shipp Clinical for Centre NHMRC Funding: (CCRE) Research Excellence Strait Location: Aboriginal and Torres Program Islander Health HIV M Modelling the between interaction GO study assessing Australian The first risk and health behaviours knowledge, service sexually to access in relation and blood bornetransmissible infections people. viruses Indigenous of young will conduct theThis project first-ever of describing study levels Australian risk practice and access to knowledge, health services sexually to in relation and blood (STIs) transmissible infections borne Aboriginal viruses of young (BBVs) 16 Islander people aged Strait and Torres 30 years. to Status: Currently underway; of 40 sixteen survey completed collections sites Heather Worth, l: James Ward, Personne Smith Donna Ah Chee, John Kaldor, A, Marion Pitts, Joanne Bryant, Clint Arizmendi Research Council Australian Funding: Grant Linkage (ARC) Strait Location: Aboriginal and Torres Program Islander Health ontrolled Health ontrolled ommunity C ommunity xcellence in in Excellence esearch : R CCH REA C Aboriginal the brings leading together REACCH clinical to dedicated institution Australian and blood research transmitted on sexually Interventions Research Group, Biostatistics Biostatistics Interventions Group, Research Program and Databases STRIVE randomised trial is a cluster This study with an intervention of a sexual health quality program (SHQIP) aimed at improvement control. in STI reaching targets best-practice communities, remote in 67 It is located of communities, in of 23 clusters comprised Australia Western the Northern Territory, North Queensland. and Far chlamydia, data for Baseline prevalence gonorrhoea and trichomonas has been health services 64 from of 67 completed that participating are in the trial and assessment reports backprevalence fed healthto services. coordinators STRIVE the baseline systems completed have healthassessment for services, randomised one of the year SHQIP and sexual healthto improve action plans with to goals set sexual health have service delivery, have Coordinators been implemented. a three-monthconducted of assessment all randomised health services and are a six-month visit site currently completing with reports, based on lab data, on STI activity. testing 2 health Status: Randomisation of Year and servicesservices has been completed will be informed in February 2012. James Ward, John Kaldor, Personnel: Robyn Guy, Rebecca Alice Rumbold, Basil Donovan, McDermott , Lisa Maher, Linda Garton, Christopher Fairley, Belinda Knox, Janet Silver, Bronwyn McGregor, Glance, Skye David Hengel, Skov, Donna Ah Chee, John Boffa, Steven Debbie Taylor-Thomson Grant Project NHMRC Funding: Strait Location: Aboriginal and Torres Program Islander Health t) study CCEP annual report 2011 annual hlamydia control Chlamydia control Australian (A pilot effectiveness Current general national guidelines for practitioners all sexually (GPs) recommend old receive years 15–29 people aged active than More chlamydia. for annual testing a GP olds attend year 80% of 15–29 are than 10% fewer however, each year; ACCEPt their by chlamydia GP. for tested intervention the in a multifaceted involves and rates maximise testing to GP setting year 16‐29 active in sexually annual testing the reduce to prevalence olds in an attempt and associated infections of chlamydia such as PID. GP clinics and complications Aboriginal Health Community Controlled Services or regions in about 50 towns throughout Victoria, NSW and Queensland part. take to been invited have This is the first trial of in this nature the and is being led by for Centre Australia The Health, Gender and Society, Women’s of Melbourne, in collaboration University consortiumwith a large of experts including a number of researchers from The primarythe Institute. Kirby aims of this assess the to are project feasibility, of an and cost-effectives acceptability program testing chlamydia organised for practice. The secondaryin general aim this and awareness testing increase is to project in the population. of chlamydia Australian recruitmentStatus: Site in Victoria, NSW, and southern ongoing. Queensland Basil Donovan, : John Kaldor, Personnel Matthew Wilson, Law, David Regan, David Lorch, Rebecca Lisa Edward, Guy, Rebecca James Ward Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Meredith Simone Walker, Jenny Temple-Smith, Dyani Lewis, Alaina Vaisey, Poznanski, Nicola Jane Gunn, Christopher Fairley, Marian Pitts, Marion Dorota Saville, Low, Hellard Margaret Gertig, Sepehr Tabrizi, Government Australian Funding: Department of Health and Ageing Program Pilot Chlamydia : SexualCo-located Program, Health Islander Health Strait Aboriginal and Torres SurveillanceProgram, and Evaluation Public Health forProgram Public Health, annual report 2011 annual ction Co-infe C cohort RAMPT- Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal HCV acute transmission for MSM and IDUs withininfection high- risk populations. This includes analysis through HCV of transmission events biological and behavioural sequencing, mechanisms cases. in incident Gail Matthews,Personnel: Barbara Applegate, Amanda Erratt, Tanya Yeung, Jacka,Brendan Dore. Greg Danta, Margaret Collaborators: Mark Goy Ffrench, Kylie Rose Hellard, Grant Project NHMRC Funding: Hepatitis Clinical : Viral Co-located (laboratory Program Research program) and Pathogenesis and Immunovirology Program Rather, theRather, block is at the of reverse time transcription, with no block little to at the time of entry/fusion. Iemma, Tina : Stuart Turville, Personnel Anupriya Aggarwal Collaborators: Philip Robinson HIV and for Centre : Australian Funding Research (ACH2) Hepatitis Virology and Location: Immunovirology Program Pathogenesis therapy and gene vectors Lentiviral on theis top a HIV cure list for The quest the in fight against worldwide of objectives this lentiviral disease and therapy by attack is one means to thevectors virus One of the at multiple levels. potentially the therapy limitations to gene use of key is the natural resistance of immune cells to this Thus understanding procedure. why cells of the resistantto are immune system the increasing will help in therapy, gene efficacy of this type of treatment. thatStatus: Using lentiviral can vectors viruspackage the monkey protein related been able to and others have VPX, we resistant highly into genes introduce and dendritic cells)cells (macrophages at efficiencies of greater than 60%. primaryresting targeting are we Presently, CD4 T cells, with the aim of raising gene In doing so similar levels. transduction to cells of the create immune to wish later we HIV that future system resistant to are infection. Sam McAllery, : Stuart Turville, Personnel Anupriya Aggarwal, Iemma Tina Collaborators R. Landau : Nathaniel : NHMRC Funding and Location: Immunovirology Program Pathogenesis ovel inhibitors of HIV entry inhibitors Novel the HIV fuses to where cellularThe site one of themembrane has remained most As HIV in HIV biology. areas controversial can fuse with cellular membranes in a pH assumed it is already independent manner, that the virus fuse with can directly the studies recent plasma membrane. However bothknocking Dynamin and Clathrin down favour HIV may has highlighted proteins, entry via endosomal membranes. Through with venture Professor a collaborative the at Philip Robinson Medical Children’s currently are testing we Research Institute, a portfolio of Dynamin and Clathrin specific and their on HIV of compounds impact set entry. an imaging developed have Status: We labelled virions,platform to of uniquely fusion and uncoating of themap the entry, virus under normal conditions and in the In conjunction with of inhibitors. presence identified have high throughput we assays, block HIV entry to a novel using Dynamin and Clathrin but not specific compounds, at the of viral fusion as expected. level spreads from one cell to theto one cell from spreads next when contacting eachthey intimately other are as a synapse. Whilst to in a structure refer across virusthe for move to objective main also be seen it may a synapse is evasion, as a form of synchronised For infection. cell makes instance, once an infected thecontact with target, HIV a future of many release promotes virus actively this neighbouring virions target. towards overwhelms the cellThis effectively new with virus,for natural making it difficult drugs to also antiretroviral and defences represents This project control. and/or stop currently capable in a few only a study as it has taken laboratories worldwide, appropriate HIV constructs develop to years that visualise in primary could be used to aim of this project cells. The major infected HIV moving track infectious is to live cellular key cell and delineate cell to from pathways the virus corrupts in this process. thewe have first time, Status: For identified HIV using long acting-based new to spread structures co-ordinate to The virus embedding so by does targets. projections in the tips of long finger-like called filopodia. In doing so, the virus structurehas highjacked a probing that is otherwise cells of the used by immune communication of the initiate to system immune response. Anupriya : Stuart Turville, Personnel Aggarwal, Iemma, Ivy Shih Tina Collaborators: Thomas Hope, Timothy Newsome Grant 570917 Project : NHMRC Funding 632962 CDA and NHMRC and Location: Immunovirology Program Pathogenesis Viral Hepatitis Clinical Viral Viral Hepatitis Clinical Hepatitis Viral Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Viral spread of HIV spread trafficking Dynamic viral entity is vulnerableHIV as a cell free attacks many to the and acquired by innate these around often get To immune system. conditions, HIV predominately hostile ibavirin concentrations in subjects in concentrations Ribavirin HCV (CHARIOT) chronic with of plasma ribavirinDeterminants weeksconcentration during the 12 first 1 patients of therapy in CHC genotype withintreated the study. CHARIOT Status: Ongoing Gail Matthews, Shaw, Personnel: Ineke Rachel Dore Ali, Greg Vincent’s (St Collaborators: John Ray Hospital) Vincent’s St Hospital Sydney, Funding: Pty Ltd Roche Products : Co-located Therapeutic research (laboratoryProgram and program) Program and Pathogenesis Immunovirology Transmission networks in recently recently in networks Transmission HC ATA HCV in acquired clinical and molecular Explore epidemiology of HCV transmission in HIV+/- population and networks bridging HIV- into assess if networks communities through phylogenetic and molecular clock of HCV analysis sequences. Status: Ongoing Gail Matthews,Personnel: Tanya Jason Grebely Dore, Greg Applegate, Luciani, Collaborators: Sean Pham, Fabio Lei Zhang White, Peter of Health, Institute National Funding: Program Grant NHMRC Co-located: (laboratory Program Research and program) Program and Pathogenesis Immunovirology : Jason Grebely, Tanya Tanya : Jason Grebely, Personnel Jacka, Brendan Applegate, Dore, Greg Gail Matthews Lamoury, Francois (British Collaborators: Mel Krajden Disease Control), for Columbia Centre Richard Thomas Kerr, Evan Wood, Harrigan, Art (British Poon Columbia in HIV and Excellence for Centre AIDS), Zabrina Brumme (Simon Fraser Jesse Raffa of University), (University Brandon Marshall (Brown Waterloo), Gaudieri Silvana (University University), Australia) of Western for : The Canadian Institutes Funding Health Research : Co-located (laboratory Program Research and program) Program and Pathogenesis Immunovirology 46 sexually transmitted infections and feasibility study Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in were collated and analysis commenced. HIV transmission to inform public The aim of this project is to link notifiable the primary health care setting: an Health services undertook data analysis health policy. This project will conduct diseases database with other health data investigation of clinical management training. quantitative analyses using epidemiology, and provide availability and validity of This project is a review of current clinical Status: Ongoing mathematical modelling, and health epidemiological data on notifiable diseases practice in relation to the management of Personnel: Julie Mooney-Somers, Anna economics to investigate the impact of in Aboriginal people in NSW, so that women of reproductive age who present Olsen, Joanne Micallef, Lisa Maher, John sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and incidence and prevalence of these diseases to remote community clinics in Central Kaldor where applicable injecting drug use, on can be more accurately estimated. The Australia with signs and symptoms of Collaborators: Townsville Aboriginal population level transmission of HIV. objective of this project is to link records pelvic inflammatory disease and or and Islanders Health Service Ltd; The Status: Literature review complete; from the Notifiable Diseases Database urinary tract infection. Aboriginal Medical Service Coop Ltd, models under development (NDD) with other routinely collected Status: Data collection complete, Redfern; Derbarl Yerrigan Health Service, Personnel: David Wilson, Richard Gray, population health databases to prepare interpretation and analysis and Perth; Centre for Infectious Disease James Ward, Jonathon Anderson, Rob Carter Simon Graham a de-identified ‘snapshot’ dataset, with dissemination underway Prevention and Control, Health Canada; Funding: NHMRC Project Grant Improving sexual health improved completeness of Aboriginal Personnel: Bronwyn Silver, Alice Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network; Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait management in Aboriginal health status. Rumbold, Kirsty Smith, Janet Knox, James University of Ottawa; Ngã Pae o te Islander Health Program services Status: Linkage complete; data analysis Ward, John Kaldor, Jacqueline Boyle Mãramatanga, University of Auckland; and interpretation underway Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Auckland University of Technology; Simon Graham’s doctoral thesis examines Personnel: Jeremy McAnulty, James Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait University of Otago Medical School STI Modelling Grant whether a sexual health quality Ward, Amalie Dyda, Paula Spokes, Jenny Islander Health Program Funding: Tripartite Cooperation This grant will use mathematical models improvement program can increase and Hunt, Mark Bartlett Agreement between Canadian Institutes of to assess the impact of interventions to improve sexually transmitted infection Funding: NSW Health Indigenous injecting use in Queensland Health Research (CIHR); National Health reduce sexually transmitted infections testing and management. Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait (IIDU): a peer based research project and Medical Research Council of Australia in Australia. The aims of this project will Data collection has occurred using Islander Health Program This research aims to explore the (NHMRC); Health Research Council of be to develop dynamic mathematical two methods: firstly, an extraction tool patterns of use, risks and outcomes of New Zealand (HRC) models to describe the transmission of which captures data from the Patient Indigenous injecting drug users (IDUs) in Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in Information Management System at Development and trial of Key Queensland. and Prevention Program and Public Health Australian populations and to further each of the participating Aboriginal Performance Indicators for sexually Status: Data collection complete, Analysis Interventions Research Group our understanding of their epidemiology. Community Controlled Health Services, as transmitted infection control in clinical underway These will be used to assess the impact of well as through a clinical audit examining settings with high bacterial prevalence Personnel: Robert Kemp, Jake Najman, interventions and the cost effectiveness missed opportunities to offer a chlamydia A review of the literature has revealed a Sidney Williams, James Ward Liver Spots: A study of hepatitis B on the incidence and prevalence of and gonorrhoea test to people aged 15- lack of performance indicators relevant to Funding: Queensland Health knowledge, treatment and health care chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in 24 years. settings with a high prevalence of bacterial Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait among Indigenous Australians Australian populations. “My project has highlighted a number of STI, such as in the Northern Territory Islander Health Program This project aims to engage Indigenous Status: Several models completed, gaps in STI testing and management for (NT). This project aims to identify, individuals, families and communities analysis and interpretation underway each participating service,” Simon said, develop, trial and endorse a core set of key Evaluation and monitoring of six affected by hepatitis B, as well as health Personnel: Jane Hocking, David Regan, “and with clinic staff we are developing performance indicators (KPI) relevant to Commonwealth-funded STI Youth care providers and policy makers in David Wilson, David Philp, Anthony strategies to address these gaps.” STI control in the NT. This will improve Demonstration Projects addressing the social and treatment Smith, Andrew Grulich, James Ward Currently, all participating services are monitoring of STI control programs In partnership with the AIHW, the Kirby needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Funding: NHMRC Project Grants implementing the changes in STI testing allowing comparison between regions and Institute evaluated six Department of Islander people living with chronic Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait and management. services. Health and Ageing-funded Aboriginal and hepatitis B. Working with both urban and Islander Health Program Untreated chlamydia and gonorrhoea Status: Completed in 2010 Torres Strait Islander youth demonstration rural/remote communities, the study infection can cause a range of poor Personnel: Bronwyn Silver, Alice projects. The projects’ objectives were to will investigate facilitators and barriers reproductive health outcomes, especially Rumbold, James Ward, John Kaldor, improve sexual health service delivery in to biomedical knowledge, cultural SHIMMER: NSW Aboriginal Health for young people, including pelvic Steven Skov funded organisations. healthcare needs, traditional health Research Program inflammatory disease, miscarriage, Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Status: Completed in 2011 beliefs and facilitators and barriers of This project is trialing a sexual health and chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Personnel: James Ward, John Kaldor treatment uptake. Information generated quality improvement program designed to and infertility in both males and Islander Health Program Funding: Australian Institute of Health and from in-depth interviews and survey data improve STI/BBV testing and management females. It is hoped that this project will Welfare (AIHW) will contribute to meeting the chronic at four Aboriginal Community Controlled increase opportunistic STI testing among Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait health management and treatment Health Services in NSW. The project aims young people and therefore increase A situational analysis of public health Islander Health Program needs of participating individuals and to increase STI/BBV testing, re-testing early detection of infection and earlier responses to chronic hepatitis B in the communities as well as providing data and follow up. Another aim is to improve treatment. Torres Strait The role of resiliency in responding to inform the development of culturally the clinical management and ongoing This study is designed to identify priorities to blood-borne viral and sexually appropriate resources and services for monitoring of patients diagnosed with Simon Graham BIS, MAppl Epid; PhD for an effective public health response transmitted infections in Indigenous Indigenous Australians. Pilot work on the chronic hepatitis B and patients diagnosed candidate, Aboriginal and Torres Strait to chronic hepatitis B in the Torres communities project began in late 2010. with hepatitis C. Islander Health Program Strait through describing the impact of A collaborative project between Australia, Status: Ongoing Status: Implementation of the sexual Thesis title: An intervention to improve chronic hepatitis B infection on people Canada and New Zealand to examine Personnel: Anna Olsen, Lisa Maher health program sexually transmitted infection (STI) and and communities throughout the Torres resilience to blood-borne viruses (BBVs) Funding: NHMRC Training Fellowship Personnel: James Ward, Basil Donovan, bloodborne virus (BBV) testing and Strait and to document how health service and sexually transmissible infections Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Rebecca Guy, Simon Graham, Janet Knox, management in selected Aboriginal providers respond. (STIs) in Indigenous communities. With a Prevention Program Handan Wand, John Kaldor Community Controlled Health Services in Status: Data collection underway focus on adolescents and young adults in Funding: NSW Health New South Wales. Personnel: Patricia Fagan, Cheryl Sendall, urban settings, the Australian component Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Supervisors: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand Yoko Nakata, Marian Pitts, Jack Wallace, of the study seeks to identify factors that Islander Health Program James Ward, Stephen McNally protect against acquisition of BBV/STI Funding: Latrobe University and promote access to prevention and Location: Aboriginal and Torres Strait treatment, and provide capacity building Increasing completeness of Islander Health Program opportunities for Indigenous researchers ‘Aboriginality’ in infectious diseases and Aboriginal Community Controlled data through record linkage – a Health Services. In 2011 surveys data

48 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 49 n international

drugs. Second, a monitoring study Personnel: Jialun Zhou, Rebecca results prepared for publication (TASER-M) assessing rates of developing Oyomopito, Matthew Law Personnel: John Kaldor, Lisa Maher HIV-resistance in patients starting Collaborators: Network of 22 laboratories; Collaborators: University of California, antiretroviral treatments. National Reference Laboratory, San Francisco (lead); NCHADS; Status: Approximately 2000 naive and Melbourne; Stanford University Cambodian Women’s Development experienced patients had been recruited Funding: American Foundation for AIDS Association. to TASER-M. Enrolment and follow up Research (amfAR) Funding: National Institutes of Health have ceased. The TASER-M cohort will be Location: Biostatistics and Databases Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and terminated in December 2011 with some of Program Prevention Program the patients being transferred into TAHOD for future follow up. TASER-S: Approximately 480 patients have HIV Consortium for Partnerships in Asia New hazards for young women sex been recruited from 5 sites. Recruitment and the Pacific workers: Effects and crises arising from has ceased for this study. The HIV Consortium for Partnership in recent anti-trafficking laws in Cambodia Personnel: Awachana Jiamsakul, Jialun Asia and the Pacific was established in This qualitative study aims to assess the Zhou, Rebecca Oyomopito, Matthew Law, 2007 and has nine member organisations impact and effects of the implementation Collaborators: Network of 12 sites in South comprising a broad range of HIV advocacy of recent anti-trafficking and anti- East Asia and technical expertise from Australia. prostitution laws on female sex workers The International Collaboration of University of California San Francisco, measure their research output and Funding: American Foundation for AIDS The Consortium and its members are (FSW) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Incident HIV and hepatitis C in Injecting the University of Amsterdam and Public to analyse predictors of research Research (amfAR) via a grant from the responsible for implementing AusAID’s Specifically, the study aims to 1) Assess Cohorts (InC3) Collaborative Group Health Service of Amsterdam, Harvard, involvement. government of the Netherlands Regional HIV Capacity Building Program. the impact of these laws on individual InC3 was established to create a merged Johns Hopkins; UNSW; Johns Hopkins Status: Ongoing Location: Biostatistics and Databases NCHECR is partnering with academic risk and protective behaviours and risk international multi-cohort project of University; Massachusetts General Hospital Personnel: Skye McGregor, John Kaldor Program institutions in Indonesia and Cambodia environments (sex work settings) and; 2) pooled data from well characterised Funding: NIH Collaborators: Klara Henderson, Policy to build capacity in HIV research Document how women have adapted to the cohorts of injecting drug users in order Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Cures, Joanne Travaglia, School of Public methodologies. reputed harsh and severe implementation to conduct studies of risk, incidence Prevention Program and Viral Hepatitis Health and Community Medicine TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Status: Ongoing of these laws. and the natural history of acute HIV Clinical Research Program Funding: Nil Observational Database (TApHOD) Personnel: Louise Causer, John Kaldor, Status: Ongoing and HCV infection. Specific aims are Location: Public Health Interventions TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Skye McGregor, Janaki Amin, Kathy Personnel: Lisa Maher to: 1) Examine temporal trends in HIV Research Group Database (TApHOD) is a collaborative Petoumenos, Sarah Huffam Collaborators: University of California, and HCV incidence, and determine the A bibliometric analysis of research cohort of HIV-infected children in the Collaborators: IHRG, ARCSHS, ASHM, San Francisco (lead); Cambodian Women’s behavioural, social, and biological factors capacity building in HIV in low-income Asia-Pacific region. The study participants Albion Street Centre, NRL, Scarlet Development Association. that explain trends over time; 2) Estimate countries are recruited from TREAT Asia clinical Alliance, AFAO, AIVL (Australia); NCHADS Funding: University of California Pacific HCV incidence rates by HIV status and Many international health research Asia-Pacific region sites. Demographic, clinical and treatment (Cambodia); JEN, Udayana University, Rim Research Program sexual behaviour; 3) Estimate the rate programs aspire to the twin goals of data are aggregated twice each year via Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia) Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and and determinants of spontaneous viral acquiring new scientific knowledge and electronic data transfer. Currently, 18 sites Funding: AusAID Prevention Program clearance of acute HCV infection in IDU; the building of research capacity in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational in six countries have agreed to participate Location: Public Health Interventions 4) Estimate the rates, outcomes and institutions and workforce of developing Database (TAHOD) and transferred their data to the Kirby Research Group key predictors of HCV re-infection and country partners. While there is no Observational cohort study of patients Institute. re-clearance among HCV resolvers; 5) standard approach to measuring research with HIV at 19 sites throughout the Asia- Status: Up to March 2011, 4045 children Europe Examine whether HCV infection disclosure capacity, bibliometrics has been used in Pacific region. Demographic, clinical and were recruited into TApHOD. Of these is associated with changes in risk a number of developing country settings. treatment data are aggregated twice each 3277 (81%) children have received Cambodia exposures in IDU and; 6) Assess factors We aimed to assess the change in research year via electronic data transfer. antiretroviral treatment. There have been Staying safe: A sociology of how associated with initiation, adherence capacity over time, through a ten year Status: At the data transfer in March 2011, 345 (8.5%) deaths, 490 (12.1%) lost to injecting drug users avoid viral infection and effectiveness of clinical treatment analysis of trends in authorship positions baseline and retrospective data from follow-up, and 416 (10.3%) transfers to Young Women’s Health Study (YWHS) in the long-term of acute HCV. This collaboration has and predictors of authorship. some 5000 patients from 19 sites were other clinics. II: Culture and HIV prevention in This study aims to reconstruct the life been successful in pooling behavioural, Status: Ongoing aggregated. It is expected that follow up Personnel: Azar Kariminia, Matthew Law Cambodia trajectories of injecting drug users to clinical and virological data on 522 Personnel: Skye McGregor, John Kaldor will continue for at least a further three Collaborators: Network of 18 sites initially The YWHS is a prospective study of young identify social practices and conditions participants with well-defined HCV Collaborators: Klara Henderson, Policy years. throughout the Asia-Pacific region (15 to 29 years) women engaged in sex linked to long term avoidance of hepatitis seroconversion events from nine cohorts Cures Personnel: Jialun Zhou, Awachana Funding: TApHOD is funded by The work in Phnom Penh. Women are followed C virus infection. Using qualitative life in Australia, Canada, Europe and Funding: Nil Jiamsakul, Matthew Law, David Cooper Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR), up at quarterly intervals and asked to history studies from long-term PWID the United States. This is the largest Location: Public Health Interventions Collaborators: Network of 19 clinical sites the Austrian AIDS Life Association, and the complete a structured questionnaire who have not been exposed to hepatitis C consortium of investigators assembled Research Group at countries throughout the Asia-Pacific US National Institute of Child Health and in Khmer and to provide blood for HIV alongside those who have been exposed; to investigate acute HCV infection. The region Human Development (NICHD). testing, self-collected urine for chlamydia, this is the first research in the UK on behavioural, clinical and virological data Funding: American Foundation for AIDS Location: Biostatistics and Databases gonorrhoea and ATS testing, and cervical long-term avoidance of viral infections already collected and the access to stored Predictors of research involvement Research (amfAR) via a US National Program swabs for human papilloma virus (HPV) associated with injecting drug use. To date specimens from this merged study has the for developing country UNSW Public Institutes of Health grant through the testing. HPV vaccination is offered to a total of 38 in-depth qualitative interviews potential to provide invaluable insight into Health research graduates International Epidemiologic Databases eligible participants. Aims are to: 1) have been conducted. the control of HCV infection, including the Research in Masters and Doctoral degrees Evaluating AIDS collaboration TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme estimate prevalence and incidence of HIV Status: Ongoing development of novel HCV therapeutics are pathways to understanding methods Location: Biostatistics and Databases (TAQAS) and STIs including HPV; 2) examine the Personnel: Lisa Maher and vaccine strategies. and the role of research. In developing Program To ensure capacity in HIV resistance socio-cultural factors and risks associated Collaborators: London School Hygiene Status: The second data merger in countries, there are often limited testing in the Asia-Pacific region, a quality with ATS use and; 3) assess rates of Tropical Medicine, University of London September 2011. graduation education opportunities; as assurance scheme was implemented. completion and adherence to a multi-dose (lead); National Development and Enrolled: 522 participants a consequence students often complete TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Twice a year, HIV-infected blood samples vaccine regimen for the prevention of HPV. Research Institutes, New York; National Personnel: Gregory Dore, Jason Grebely, studies overseas. The question is whether Resistance (TASER) are distributed to laboratories around the As part of the YWHS, trained interviewers Centre for HIV Social Research. Lisa Maher, Tanya Applegate, Gail these students go on to have careers in There are two studies: First, a surveillance region, with returned HIV resistance test also conducted qualitative in-depth Funding: Economic and Social Research Matthews, Maryam Alavi research, and contribute to the research study (TASER-S) examining rates of results compared to a consensus result. interviews to explore social and cultural Council Collaborators: Inflammation and capacity of their country. Our aim is to transmitted HIV-resistance in newly Status: Two sets of blood samples were influences on HIV/STI risk and protective Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Infection Research Centre UNSW, The describe the characteristics of UNSW diagnosed HIV-infected subjects not circulated in March and October to up to behaviours and ATS use. Prevention Program Burnet Institute, Université de Montréal, public health research graduates, to previously treated with antiretroviral 22 laboratories. Status: Data are being analysed and

50 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 51 Fiji Collaborator: Institute of Medical Catholic Health Services, International Status: To be completed December 2012 Research (IMR), Goroka, PNG HIV Research Group, UNSW MCAIS: Male Circumcision Personnel: Andrew Vallely, Angela Funding: AusAID Funding: AusAID Australian Development Acceptability & Impact Study, PNG Kelly, Lisa Fitzgerald, Peter Siba, Maxine Scabies - Factors associated with Location: Biostatistics and Databases Research Award This four-year multi-disciplinary Whittaker, John Kaldor, John Millan, scabies in a highly endemic population Program Location: Public Health Interventions community-based research program Joyce Sauk, Herick Aeno, James Neo, Zure This study has three main objectives: Research Group is investigating the potential of male Kombati to characterise the participants in a Fiji circumcision for HIV prevention in Papua Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical community survey of scabies; to identify Women’s and men’s experiences New Guinea and has four principal Research, University of Queensland. environmental and demographic risk of preventing mother-to-child Research and education in HIV/AIDS components: ethnographic research; Funding: National AIDS Council factors for scabies in Fiji; and to provide transmission (PMTCT) in Papua New for resource-poor countries: REACH mathematical modelling; health systems Secretariat, Papua New Guinea (NACS) information on possible preventative Guinea: a gendered socio-cultural Initiative Diagnosis of tuberculosis in research; and longitudinal clinical cohort Location: Public Health Interventions measures for scabies. analysis of barriers and facilitators for HIV infected and uninfected children in studies. The study is being carried out Research Group Status: Commenced late 2010 program engagement Papua New Guinea with a T-cell based among a combination of general and Amit Achhra Personnel: John Kaldor PNG is experiencing an expanding assay: a prospective study at-risk population cohorts at multiple Mining the databases Collaborators: Lucia Romani, Margot heterosexual HIV epidemic, placing an Diagnosis of PTB in children in settings sites in PNG. A sub-study to investigate HSV-2 / HIV Epidemiology Study, PNG Whitfield, Andrew Steer increasing number of newborns at risk such as Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the notional acceptability of a vaginal The data for Amit Achhra’s doctoral thesis, This project will investigate the Funding: NHMRC Project Grant of acquiring infection. This research therefore usually made on the basis microbicide surrogate for HIV prevention which is designed to tease out factors epidemiology of Herpes simplex Type-2 Location: Public Health Interventions seeks to understand the gendered socio- of a combination of contact history, among women and men attending a determining the long-term health issues of (HSV-2) among 100 HIV sero-positive Research Group cultural aspects influencing the uptake clinical findings, tuberculin skin test sexual health clinic in Port Moresby HIV-positive people receiving antiretroviral and 200 HIV sero-negative individuals and outcomes of PMTCT programs from (TST) and radiological findings if was completed in 2010. MCAIS jointly therapy, came mostly from existing attending sexual health clinics in Goroka the perspectives of antenatal women, their available. This approach can lack organised a National Policy Forum on cohorts and from a group of studies with and Mt Hagen, PNG; and investigate the partners, and health care workers. It seeks sensitivity and specificity, particularly Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention large enrolments. performance of different diagnostic assays Papua New Guinea to undertake an assessment of PMTCT in young children who are the most in PNG, which was held in Port Moresby “I was fortunate to have access to the AHOD for the detection of HSV-2. programs; examine knowledge, attitudes susceptible group to TB disease in in November 2011 with the purpose of and TAHOD databases, and the INSIGHT Status: Fieldwork to commence Feb 2011; and decision-making processes regarding childhood. As a result, children may translating research evidence into public group’s trial data from ESPRIT, SMART study to be completed by Dec 2011 Investigating sexual behaviours among PMTCT; test enablers of return for safe be either under- or over-treated. The health policy and practice. and SILCAAT,” said Dr Achhra, who plans to Personnel: Glennis Rai, Sepehr Tabrizi, male/female adults and youths in delivery and post-natal care; examine project aims to investigate the role of Status: To be completed December 2011 submit his thesis during 2012. Claire Ryan, Peter Siba, Andrew Vallely, Papua New Guinea experiences of consent, counselling and the QFN test in the management of Personnel: Andrew Vallely, John Kaldor, As HIV-positive people are living longer, John Kaldor, Zure Kombati, Petronia Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) confidentiality; determine gender-specific paediatric TB in PNG. Peter Siba, Angela Kelly, Lisa Fitzgerald, thanks to very efficient antiretroviral Kaima, Cassey Simbiken constitute an important public health barriers/facilitators to accessing PMTCT Status: Completed 2011. Manuscript Claire Ryan, James Neo, Martha Kupul, therapy, the focus has shifted to the long- Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical problem in PNG. To address this problem, programs; develop recommendations for submitted. Herick Aeno, Voletta Fiya, Petronia Kaima, term health problems not traditionally Research, Goroka General Hospital, Mt the governments of PNG and Australia improved PMTCT programs. Personnel: Wari Allison, John Kaldor, Zure Kombati, John Millan, Greg Law, thought to be related to HIV, such as heart, Hagen General Hospital have initiated STI prevention program; Status: Commenced late 2009 Louise Causer Joyce Sauk, Andrew Page, John Murray, liver and kidney disease. These problems, Funding: National AIDS Council five international Non-Government Personnel: John Kaldor Collaborators: Hong Van Tieu, Dr David Wilson, Richard Gray Peter Hill, under the umbrella term ‘non-AIDS’ Secretariat, Papua New Guinea (NACS) Organizations (NGOs) have been engaged Collaborators: Heather Worth, Angela Jintanat, Dr Thanyawee, John Vince, Prof Anna Tynan diseases, are now the major health concern Location: Public Health Interventions to pilot an STI intervention program in Kelly, Barbara Kepa, Martha Kupul, Grace Tefuarani, Mobumo Kiromat Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical in those HIV-positive people receiving Research Group eight provinces in PNG. Kariwiga, Glen Mola, Tarcisia Hunhoff, Funding: Tibotec Virco Virology BVBA Research; Mt Hagen General Hospital, treatment. Multiple factors are thought to Status: ongoing PNG Institute of Medical Research, Location: Public Health Interventions PNG; HOPE Worldwide, PNG; University be causing these non-AIDS diseases, such Personnel: Handan Wand UNICEF, University of Papua New Guinea, Research Group of Queensland, Australia; The Burnet as toxicity from life-long treatment, ageing, The epidemiology of sexually Institute, Melbourne. and ongoing damage by the HIV virus. transmitted infections, including human Funding: AusAID Australian Development “My research has been looking at these papillomavirus, among pregnant Research Award (ADRA) problems at several levels through our women attending antenatal clinics at cancer among women, at a time when the rate of roll-out, should the country decide to proceed Location: Public Health Interventions projects in national and international four sites in Papua New Guinea (STIs in pre-cancerous lesions of cervical cancer in young with this strategy.” As a result of this work, he is Research Group clinical cohort studies,” Dr Achhra said. Pregnancy Study, PNG) women across Australia is dropping dramatically now a member of the PNG National Task Force on “We have been trying to identify if new This study will investigate the in response to the roll out of the human Cervical Cancer. biomarkers can improve our ability to epidemiology of sexually transmitted papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.” Another part of Dr Vallely’s work is to investigate Qualitative longitudinal study to predict the occurrence of death due to infections, including human This has prompted Dr Vallely, with support from biomedical strategies for the prevention of investigate constructions of masculinity, non-AIDS diseases. If successful, we will papillomavirus (HPV), HIV and Herpes Public Health Interventions Research Group HIV and STIs. In a country where traditional sexuality and agency among male have new tests which clinicians could order simplex type-2 (HSV-2) among 1000 (PHIRG) head Professor John Kaldor, to develop an and contemporary forms of foreskin cutting youth in Papua New Guinea (NACS to better manage such patients.” women attending antenatal clinics in four integrated multi-disciplinary program of research are widespread, his group is looking at the Masculinities Study, PNG) Moreover, treatment is now increasingly provinces in PNG. It will provide the first looking at HPV and cervical cancer in PNG. acceptability, epidemiological impact and This two-year multi-disciplinary available in low-middle income countries general population level estimates of HPV “This is robust, policy-relevant research to improve options for future intervention roll-out of male community-based research program such as those in Asia, which are a very type prevalence and is expected to inform sexual and reproductive health in PNG,” Dr Vallely circumcision for HIV prevention. Key findings from will investigate the role that individual, different group of HIV-infected people future policy on HPV vaccination and Andrew Vallely said. “First we are looking at the epidemiology the four-year AusAID-funded Male Circumcision community and cultural constructs of compared to their counterparts in cervical cancer prevention in PNG. Sexual and reproductive health in PNG of HPV and cervical cancer in PNG; then we are Acceptability and Impact Study (MCAIS), which he masculinity, male sexuality and sexual Australia. “We have been comparing these Status: fieldwork commencing December exploring the meanings and beliefs of cervical led with Professor Kaldor and the Director of PNG agency have in determining sexual populations to identify factors unique to 2011 Andrew Vallely has been based at the Papua New cancer, its cause, treatment and prevention. We IMR, Professor Peter Siba, were presented at a behaviour among young men in PNG, Asian populations in terms of determining Personnel: Andrew Vallely, Claire Ryan, Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNG IMR) are supporting the National Department of Health Joint National Policy Forum held in Port Moresby and specifically, their role in promoting their long-term health,” Dr Achhra said. John Kaldor, Handan Wand, Lisa Vallely, in Goroka since November 2010, where he heads to establish a new cervical screening and early last year. behaviours known to increase the risk of Suparat Phyanukoonnon, Peter Siba, Glen the Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit (SRHU). treatment program, based on visual inspection HIV and STIs among men and women. Amit C Achhra, MBBS, MPH, PhD candidate Mola, Greg Law, John Millan, Glennis Rai, An important focus of his work is cervical cancer. of the cervix with acetic acid plus cryotherapy, Dr Andrew Vallely MBBS, MRCP, MSc, DTMH, PhD The study will be conducted in Eastern Biostatistics and Databases Program Sepehr Tabrizi “We estimate that around 1,500 women die and will be conducting research to establish the Associate Professor, Public Health Interventions and Western Highlands Provinces, PNG Thesis title: Biomarkers and long-term Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical every year of cervical cancer in PNG,” Dr Vallely accuracy, acceptability and feasibility of this Research Group where 50 to 60 in-school and out-of mortality in HIV infected individuals in the Research; National Department of Health, said. “Many of those with advanced disease are approach in PNG. Finally, we are planning to look Deputy Director, PNG Institute of Medical Research school male youth aged 16-17 years will era of antiretroviral therapy. PNG; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne; unable to access radiotherapy, effective pain relief at the acceptability and uptake of HPV vaccine in Head, Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, PNG be recruited into a qualitative longitudinal Supervisors: David Cooper; Janaki Amin; Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne. or palliative care services. It’s the most common a pilot study that will help guide future wide scale Institute of Medical Research research study and followed up every Matthew Law Funding: PNG Partnership in Health three months for up to 18 months. Program.

52 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 53 SUPPORT AND DATATBASE n BIOSTATISTI C S

Location: Public Health Interventions General Hospital, MeriPath PNG; The Research Group Burnet Institute, Melbourne Funding: AusAID PNG Location: Public Health Interventions Human papillomavirus infection among Research Group women attending sexual health clinics in Mt Hagen, Goroka and Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (HPV Study PNG) Meanings and beliefs of cervical cancer, This study will investigate the its causation, prevention and treatment epidemiology of human papillomavirus in Papua New Guinea (HPV) and other sexually transmitted This mixed-method qualitative study infections among women attending sexual will investigate socio-cultural contexts health clinics in three provinces in PNG. It of cervical cancer in Papua New Guinea will provide the first estimates of HPV type in order to inform future national prevalence among women at increased prevention and care strategies, including risk of HIV/STI acquisition in PNG and HPV vaccination and cervical screening is expected to inform future policy on programs. cervical cancer screening and prevention. Status: Fieldwork to commence February Biostatistics and Database Support Status: Enrolment to start January 2012 2012 Developing clinical trial databases, and Personnel: Andrew Vallely, Claire Ryan, Personnel: Angela Kelly, Andrew Vallely, providing biostatistical input to the design John Kaldor, Handan Wand, Peter Siba, John Kaldor, Glen Mola, Antonia Kumbia, and analysis of all Kirby Institute projects. Greg Law, Petronia Kaima, Zure Kombati, Benny Kombuk, Alex Golpak, Lisa Vallely, Status: During 2011, members of the Joyce Sauk, Sandra Yamuwe, Glen Mol, Primrose Homiehombie, Jane Jones, David Program actively contributed to the Nola N’derewei, Sepehr Tabrizi Wood, Peter Siba design of, or analysed data from, the Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical ALTAIR, ENCORE, SMART, ESPRIT, Research; National Department of Health, Research, National Department of Health, SILCAAT, Second line, and MARCH PNG; HOPE Worldwide, PNG; Mt Hagen PNG, Mt Hagen General Hospital, Goroka studies (see Therapeutic and Vaccine General Hospital; Save the Children in General Hospital, Kimbe Hospital Research Program); the ATAHC and PNG; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne; Funding: AusAID PNG ATAHC II studies (Viral Hepatitis Clinical Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne Location: Public Health Interventions Research Program);the ACCEPt study Funding: AusAID PNG Research Group (Sexual Health Program); the STRIVE Location: Public Health Interventions study (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research Group Program); the NSP survey (Viral Hepatitis South Africa Epidemiology and Prevention Program); and national surveillance activities Cervical cancer screening using visual (Surveillance and Evaluation Program for inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Biological and behavioural impacts of Public Health). its relationship to cervical cytology and risk factors in HIV prevention research Personnel: Noorul Absar, Amit Achhra, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR- A scoring system developed will be Janaki Amin, Rossitza Chevkenova, Paul HPV) infection among women attending piloted first time among women who will Fahey, Kathy Petoumenos, Handan Wand, Well Woman Clinics in Papua New enrol in MTN 020 – ASPIRE (A Study Jialun (Julian) Zhou Guinea (VIA Study PNG) to Prevent Infection with a Ring for Collaborators: Other programs at the This study will investigate the prevalence Extended Use). ASPIRE is a Phase III safety Kirby Institute of VIA-detectable cervical abnormalities; and effectiveness trial of a vaginal ring Funding: Project-specific grants cervical intraepithelial dysplasia; high-risk containing antiretroviral dapivirine that is Location: Biostatistics and Databases human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection; expected to be launched at several sites in Program and the behavioural and biological South Africa beginning in September 2012. determinants associated with risk, among Status: ongoing women attending Well Woman clinics in Personnel: Handan Wand (Chief Eastern and Western Highlands Provinces, investigator) PNG. The study will determine the Collaborator: HIV Prevention Research acceptability and operational feasibility of Unit (HPRUMRC), Durban South Africa VIA plus cryotherapy (‘test and treat’) as an Funding: HIV Prevention Research Unit intervention for cervical cancer screening (HPRUMRC), Durban South Africa and treatment among urban and rural Location: Biostatistics and Databases populations in PNG, and is being conducted Program in order to inform future national policy on cervical cancer screening. Status: Participant enrolment to commence February 2012 Personnel: Andrew Vallely, Claire Ryan, John Kaldor, Glen Mola, Antonia Kumbia, Benny Kombuk, Handan Wand, Lisa Vallely, Angela Kelly, Joanne Goyen, Phillip Baird, Greg Law, Peter Siba Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical Research, National Department of Health, PNG, Mt Hagen General Hospital, Goroka

54 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 55 C n AD OMMITTEES V ISORY

Dip Epid & Biostat, MEpid Hospital Greg Perry RN, RPN, Grad Dip Soc Sc Surveillance Officer, Epidemiology and James Ward Nurse Unit Manager, Biala, Alcohol and Surveillance Program, Communicable The Kirby Institute Drug Service, The Prince Charles Hospital Disease Control Unit, Public Health Kate Ward MPH Health Service District, Queensland Health Branch, Department of Human Services, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexually Fiona Poeder Melbourne Transmitted Infections Epidemiologist, Hepatitis C Education Program Manager; Kellie Kwan Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users Senior Research Officer, Sexually Health League (AIVL), Canberra Transmitted Infections and Blood Borne Matthias Wentzlaff-Eggebert MMgt John Ryan BA, LLB Viruses, Communicable Disease Control (Comm Mgt) Chief Executive Officer, Association for Directorate, Department of Health, Perth Manager, HIV/Hepatitis C Policy and Prevention and Harm Reduction Programs Annie Madden BA (Gender Studies & Programs, Communicable Disease Control Australia (Anex), Melbourne Asian Studies), Cert IV Community Work Branch, Department of Health, Adelaide Francine Smith Executive Officer, Australian Injecting and Melanie Middleton BMedSc, MPH Acting State Coordinator, Population Illicit Drug Users League, Canberra (Secretary) Health, Department of Health and Human Paul Magnus MB BS The Kirby Institute Services, Hobart Medical Adviser, Australian Institute of Libby Topp BSc(Psychol)(Hons), PhD Health and Welfare, Canberra Australian Needle and The Kirby Institute Surveillance Committees Hospital Co-convenor, Health, Treatments and Lisa Maher PhD Syringe Program Survey Owen Westcott BA Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Research Portfolio, National Association of The Kirby Institute Advisory Group Senior Policy Analyst, Harm Minimisation, Annual Surveillance The Kirby Institute People Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Ann McDonald BSc, MPH AIDS/Infectious Diseases Branch, NSW Report Advisory Iryna Zablotska MD, PhD Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, Dip Ven The Kirby Institute Health Committee The Kirby Institute (London), FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCPI Joanne Micallef, BMedSc(Hons), PhD Alex Wodak MB BS, FRACP, FAChAM Jenny Iversen BAppSc (Secretary) Melanie Middleton BMedSc, MPH NCHECR (from June) (Chair) The Kirby Institute (Secretary) Dominic Dwyer BSc(Med), MB BS, MD, BBV and STI Epidemiologist, Director, Alcohol and Drug Service, St John Kaldor PhD (Chair) The Kirby Institute FRACP, FRCPA Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney The Kirby Institute Staff Specialist, Centre for Infectious Health Danielle Bament BA, MPHC Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, Dip Ven Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Anthony Moore (from January) Manager, Clean Needle Program, Drug and NCHECR Working Groups (London), FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCPI Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology Public Health Registrar, Health Protection Alcohol Services South Australia, Southern The Kirby Institute National Bloodborne and Medical Research, Westmead Service, ACT Health Adelaide Health Service The Antiretroviral Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, Virus and Sexually Hospital, Sydney Jo Murray RN, RM, Grad Dip Nursing Jude Bevan BAppSc, Grad Dip HSc Working Group FAFPHM Transmissible Infections Carol El-Hayek BSc MAE (from Clinical Nurse Consultant, AIDS Medical Senior Policy and Planning Officer The Kirby Institute Surveillance Committee* September) Unit, Queensland Health (Hepatitis C), Sexual Health and Blood Phillip Keen BA, Dip Comm Ser Centre for Epidemiology and Population Rhonda Owen BSc(Hons), Grad Dip Borne Virus Program, Department of Janaki Amin BSc(Hons), MPH(Hons), (CommWork) Health Research, Macfarlane Burnet Business, Grad Dip Clin Epid (to March) Health, Perth PhD HIV Education and Health Promotion *Subcommittee of the Communicable Diseases Institute for Medical Research and Public Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems and Tony Butler PhD The Kirby Institute Officer, Campaign and Resource Network Australia through the Intergovernmental Health, Melbourne Policy Section, Surveillance Branch, Office Associate Professor, National Drug Mark Bloch MB BS, MMed Development, Gay Men’s Education, Committee on HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C and Related Christopher Fairley MB BS, PhD, FRACP, of Health Protection, Department of Health Research Institute, Curtin University of General Practitioner, Holdsworth House Diseases Australian Federation of AIDS FAChSHM, FAFPHM and Ageing Technology, Perth General Practice, Sydney Organisations, Sydney John Kaldor PhD (Chair) Professor of Sexual Health, The University Kate Robinson (from April) Tracy Dobie Mark Boyd BA, BM, BS, DCTM&H, MHID, Lisa Maher PhD The Kirby Institute of Melbourne; Director, Melbourne Sexual Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems and Manager, Needle and Syringe and MD, FRACP (Convenor) The Kirby Institute Mark Bartlett BSc, Dip Ed, RGN, MPH, Health Centre Policy Section, Surveillance Branch, Office Pharmacy Program, Directions, Canberra The Kirby Institute Ann McDonald BSc, MPH Grad Dip App Epi (to April) Catherine Farrell (from July) of Health Protection, Department of Health Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, William Donohue MB BS, BMedSc The Kirby Institute Senior Surveillance Officer, Director, BBV and STIs Section, Targeted and Ageing MPH Director, The Care and Prevention Tadgh McMahon DrPH Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Prevention Programs Branch, Population Cindy Shannon BA, Grad Dip Ed (Tert), The Kirby Institute Programme, Adelaide University Manager, Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Health Health Division, Department of Health MBA, DSocSc Tania Hunt Dip Soc Sc Sian Edwards RGN, BSc, MSc Hepatitis C Service, Sydney Frances Birrell MPH, MAppEpid, and Ageing Chair, Indigenous Australians’ Sexual Harm Reduction Coordinator, Tasmanian HIV Research Nurse, Northside Clinic, Rhonda Owen BSc(Hons), Grad Dip Bus, GCSc(Stats) (to December) Lisa Hall (from May) Health Committee; Council on AIDS, Hepatitis and Related Melbourne Grad Dip Clin Epid Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Professor and Director, Centre for Diseases Julian Elliott MB BS, FRACP Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems Unit, Queensland Health Unit, Queensland Health Indigenous Health, The University of Roland Jauernig BA(Psych), MAppSc Assistant Head, Clinical Research, and Policy Section, Surveillance Branch, Barry Combs PhD (to December) Carolien Giele RN, RM, BSc(Hons), Grad Queensland Manager, Health Protection Services, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Office of Health Protection, Department of Senior Project Officer, HIV Surveillance, Dip Clin Epi, MPH Jiunn-Yih Su MB, MPH Department of Human Services, Hospital, Melbourne Health and Ageing Communicable Disease Control Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Surveillance Project Officer, Sexual Health Melbourne Beng Eu MB BS Cindy Shannon BA, Grad Dip Ed (Tert), Directorate, Department of Health, Perth Control Directorate, Department of and Blood Borne Viruses Unit, Centre John Kaldor PhD General Practitioner and Director, Prahran MBA, DSocSc Joy Copland MSc, MPH Health, Perth for Disease Control, Northern Territory The Kirby Institute Market Clinic, Melbourne Chair, Indigenous Australians’ Sexual Manager, Disease Surveillance and Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, Department of Health and Community Robert Kemp Martyn French MB ChB, FRACP, MD, Health Committee; Professor and Director, Investigation Section, Communicable FAFPHM Services Manager, Queensland Needle and Syringe FRCPath, FRCP (Chair) Centre for Indigenous Health, The Disease Control Branch, Department of The Kirby Institute John Tapsall MB BS, MD, FRCPA (from Program, Queensland Health Clinical Director, Department of Clinical University of Queensland Health, Adelaide Rebecca Guy BAppSc(Med Lab Sc), August) Shayne Kilford Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Helen Tyrrell RN, BA(Hons), MBA, Maureen Davey (from May) MAppEpid PhD Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Needle and Syringe Program Coordinator, Royal Perth Hospital; Clinical Professor in FACHSE, CHE Specialist Medical Advisor, Population The Kirby Institute STD, Microbiology Department, The Prince Northern Territory AIDS and Hepatitis Immunology, The University of Western Chief Executive Officer, Hepatitis Health, Department of Health and Human Margaret Hellard MB BS, FRACP, PhD, of Wales Hospital, Sydney Council Australia Australia, Canberra Services, Hobart FAFPHM Helen Tyrrell RN, BA(Hons), MBA, Stephen Lymb BA, Grad Dip Soc Sc Adeeba Kamarulzaman MB BS, FRACP Robert van der Hoek Tess Davey Grad Dip (HealthCoun), Head, Centre for Epidemiology and FACHSE, CHE Manager, Harm Reduction, Drug and Consultant Physician in Infectious Senior Research Analyst, Australian Grad Dip Clin Epi, Cert Nursing Population Health Research, Macfarlane Chief Executive Officer, Hepatitis Australia, Alcohol Services South Australia, Southern Diseases, Clinical Investigations Centre, Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra Manager, Surveillance Section, STD Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Canberra Adelaide Health Service University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Russell Waddell MB BS, BSc, FAChSHM Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital Public Health, Melbourne Russell Waddell MB BS, BSc, FAChSHM Lisa Maher PhD Lumpur, Malaysia Director, STD Services, Royal Adelaide John Daye OAM Nasra Higgins BHlthSc(EnvHlth), Grad Director, STD Services, Royal Adelaide The Kirby Institute Rob Lake

56 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 57 Executive Director, Australian Federation (Convenor) Chief of Operations, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, St Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Post Grad Dietetics of AIDS Organisations (AFAO) The Kirby Institute St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney David Menadue BA, BAEd Treatment Officer, National Association of Graham Mills MB ChB, MTH, FRACP Jane Hocking BAppSc; MPH; MHlthSc; Research, Sydney Elizabeth J. Phillips, MD, FRCPC, FRACP Vice President, National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Infectious Disease Physician, Respiratory PhD (Deputy chair) Simon Donohoe Professor & Director, Centre for Clinical People Living with HIV/AIDS, Melbourne Dean Murphy BA (Hons) and Infectious Diseases, Waikato Hospital, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Women’s Manager, AFAO/NAPWA Education Team Pharmacology & Infectious Diseases, Sam Milliken MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA Education and Biomedical Prevention Hamilton NZ Health, Gender and Society, Melbourne and Murdoch University, Perth; Consultant, Senior Lecturer and Senior Staff Specialist, Consultant, Australian Federation of Richard Moore MB BS, Dip RACOG, School of Population Health, University of AFAO National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Departments of Clinical Immunology & Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s AIDS Organisations, Sydney & Research FRACGP, Dip Ven Melbourne. Islander HIV & Sexual Health Project Infectious Diseases, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Sydney Associate, National Centre in HIV Social General Practitioner, Northside Clinic, John Kaldor PhD Robert Finlayson MB BS, Dip Ven, Hospital, Perth; Dave Templeton MBChB DipVen Research, UNSW Melbourne; The Kirby Institute FAChSHM Department of Clinical Immunology and MForensMed PhD MFFLM MACLM Patricia Price PhD Sessional HIV Specialist, Melbourne Bernard Kealey (Chair) General Practitioner, Taylor Square Private Immunogenetics, Royal Perth Hospital, FAChSHM Associate Professor, School of Surgery Sexual Health Centre Vice President, National Association of Clinic, Sydney Perth The Kirby Institute and Pathology, The University of Western Clinical Assistant, Infectious Diseases Unit, People Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Patricia Grey BA, Post Grad Dip App Sci, Rebekah Puls BSc(Hons), PhD Jialiun (Julian) Zhou, BMed, MPH, PhD Australia The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Mike Kennedy CNS, Dip (Counselling) (Convenor) (Convenor) The Kirby Institute Damian Purcell PhD Catriona Ooi BSc(Med), MB BS, Executive Director, Victorian AIDS The Kirby Institute The Kirby Institute Senior Lecturer in Virology Head, FAChSHM, MM (HIV/STIs) Council/Gay Men’s Health Centre, John Murray BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD Tim Read MB BS, FAChSHM Immune-Based Therapies Molecular Virology Laboratory, The Parramatta Sexual Health Clinic Melbourne Senior Lecturer, School of Mathematics, Sexual Health Physician, Melbourne Working Group University of Melbourne Jeffrey Post MBBS (Hons 1) PhD FRACP Tadgh McMahon DrPH Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney Sexual Health Centre John Sullivan PhD, MPH Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Manager, Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Adrian Ogier Robyn Richardson, RN Principal Scientist, Australian Red Cross Infectious Diseases and Albion Street Hepatitis C Service, Sydney Editor, Positive Living, Project Manager, Clinical Research Paul Cameron BMedSci(Hons), MB BS, Blood Service, Sydney; Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Lisa Maher PhD National Association of People with AIDS Program, Centre for Applied Medical PhD, FRACP, FRCPA (Deputy Chair) Associate Professor, Transfusion Medicine Randwick NSW Conjoint Senior Lecturer, The Kirby Institute Cathy Pell MB BS, MM (Deputy Chair) Research, St Vincent’s Hospital Immunopathologist, Department of and Immunogenetics Research Unit, UNSW Adrian Mindel MB BCh, MSc(CTM), MD, Specialist General Practitioner, Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Central Clinical School, Faculty of John Quin MB BS(Hons), PhD, FRACP, FRCP, FRACP, FAChSHM Taylor Square Private Clinic, Sydney The Kirby Institute Robert Center BSc, PhD Medicine, The University of Sydney FRCPA (Chair) Professor of Sexual Health Medicine, The Norman Roth MB BS, Dip Av Med, Dip Ian Woolley MB BS, FRACP Senior Research Officer, Department of Director of Clinical Immunology, HIV University of Sydney Ven, FAChSHM Deputy Director, Infectious Diseases Microbiology and Immunology, University Medicine and Sexual Health, Liverpool Director, Sexually Transmitted Infections General Practitioner, Prahran Market Department, Monash Medical Centre, of Melbourne, Melbourne Hospital, Sydney Research Centre, Westmead Hospital, Clinic, Melbourne Melbourne John Chuah BSc(Med)(Hons), MB BS, Neurology Working Group Brett Ritchie BSc (Hons), MB BS, FRACP Sydney Trina Vincent Phillip Keen FAChSHM (Deputy chair) Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, Trials Manager, Holdsworth House HIV Educator, Gay men, AFAO General Practicioner, Holdsworth House Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious MPH(Hons), PhD Medical Practice Medical Practice, Byron Bay Margaret Bain BSc(Psych), MClinPsych, Diseases Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The Kirby Institute John Zaunders BSc(Hons) Miles Davenport MB BS(Hons), DPhil MClinNeuropsych Adelaide Anna Pierce MB BS, FRACP (Deputy Senior Scientist, Centre for Immunology, Oncology Working Group Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Vascular Neuropsychologist, HIV Neuropsychology Don Smith MB ChB, MD Chair) St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Research, UNSW Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Associate Professor and Head of Research Clinical Research Fellow, The Alfred Roger Garsia MB BS(Hons), PhD, FRACP, Bruce Brew MB BS(Hons), MD, FRACP Development, Albion Street Centre, Hospital, Melbourne Michael Boyle BMedSci, MB BS, MD, FRCPA (Chair) Professor and Head, Department of Sydney Mark Saunders FRACP, FRCPA Director of Clinical AIDS Services and Staff Neurosciences and Neurology, St Vincent’s Gilda Tachedjian PhD, BSc(Hons) Policy Officer, NACCHO Toxicology/ Staff Specialist, Immunology and Specialist in Immunology, Department of Hospital, Sydney Head, Molecular Interactions Group, Mark Stoove PhD Pharmacology Working Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Michael Buckland BSc(Med), MB BS, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Head, BBV/STI Research, Centre for Group Newcastle, NSW; Conjoint Associate Hospital, Sydney PhD, FRCPA Research and Public Health, Melbourne Population Health, Burnet Institute Professor, University of Newcastle, Philip Habel BSc(Hons), RN Head, Department of Neuropathology, Olga Vujovic MB BS, FRACP Andrew Vallely MBBS MRCP DTMH MSc Newcastle, NSW Clinical Research Coordinator, Interchange Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious PhD Andrew Carr MD, FRACP, FRCPA Dianne Carey BPharm MPH PhD General Practice Cate Carey RN, BA, MAppSc (Convenor) Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, The Kirby Institute Associate Professor and Senior Staff (Convenor) Mina John MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA The Kirby Institute Melbourne James Ward Specialist, HIV, Immunology and Infectious The Kirby Institute Clinical Immunologist and Melissa Churchill BSc(Hons), PhD Bill Whittaker AM The Kirby Institute Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Marcus Chen Melb, DTM&H Lond, Immunopathologist, Royal Perth Hospital Senior Research Fellow, Macfarlane Burnet Co-convenor, Health and Treatments David Wilson BSc, BInfTech, Hospital, Sydney DipVen Monash, PhD Syd, MRCP UK Anthony Kelleher BSc(Hons), MB Institute for Medical Research and Public Portfolio, National Association of People BAppSc(Hons), GradCert(Biostats), PhD Catherine Cherry MB BS, PhD, FRACP, Grad FAChSHM BS(Hons), PhD, FRACP, FRCPA Health, Melbourne Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney The Kirby Institute Dip (Clin Epi) (Chair) Sexual Health Registrar, Melbourne Sexual The Kirby Institute Lucette Cysique PhD N. Psych John de Witt Infectious Diseases Physician and Senior Health Centre Mark Kelly MB BS(Hons), FRACP Postdoctoral Fellow, Brain Sciences UNSW; Director, National Centre in HIV Social Burnet Fellow, Macfarlane Burnet Institute Mitchell Chipman MB BS, FRACP Senior Medical Officer, Brisbane Sexual St Vincent’s Clinical School, Sydney Research for Medical Research and Public Health, (Deputy chair) Health and HIV Service, Queensland Ian Paul Everall MB ChB (Hons), PhD, Biomedical Prevention Melbourne Medical Oncologist, The Alfred Hospital, Health FRCPath, FRCPsych Working Group Suzanne Crowe MB BS, FRACP, MD Melbourne Stephen Kent MB BS, FRACP, MD Cato Professor and Head, Department of Professor and Head, AIDS Pathogenesis Lyndal Daly BN Grad Dip (Crit Care) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Primary HIV Infection and Clinical Research Program, Macfarlane Clinical Practice Consultant, Infectious Microbiology and Immunology, The & Health Sciences, The University of Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, DipVen, Working Group Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Diseases Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Melbourne Melbourne FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCP Public Health, Melbourne Adelaide Kersten Koelsch (Convenor) Paul Gorry PhD (Chair)Head, HIV The Kirby Institute John Daye Grant Davies The Kirby Institute Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Christopher (Kit) Fairley FRACP PhD Chris Birch BSc, MSc, PhD (Chair) Convenor, Health and Treatments Investigation’s Manager, Office of the Aged Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Director, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Senior Scientist, Portfolio, NAPWA Care Commissioner, Melbourne The Kirby Institute Research and Public Health, Melbourne Janelle Fawkes BA Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Jennifer Hoy FRACP, MB BS, Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, Sharon Lewin MB BS (Hons), FRACP, Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Manager, Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Laboratory, Melbourne GradDipEpiBio (Deputy Chair) FAFPHM PhD The Kirby Institute Workers Association, Sydney Doris Chibo BAppsSc(Hons), PhD Head, Clinical Research, Infectious The Kirby Institute Director, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Patrick Li MB BS, FHKCP, FHKAM Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, Senior Scientist, Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital Richard Hillman BSc(Hons), MD, FRCP, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne; Professor, (Medicine), FRCP (London), FRCP FAFPHM Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Debbie Marriott BSc(Med), FRACP, FAChSHM (Chair) Department of Medicine, Monash University, (Edinburgh) (Deputy Chair) The Kirby Institute Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne FRCPA Senior Lecturer and Senior Staff Specialist, Melbourne Chief of Service, Department of Medicine, Rebecca Guy MAppSc, MAppEpid, PhD Philip Cunningham BAppSc(Med) Senior Staff Specialist, Clinical Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Jenny McDonald Grad Dip Diets, BSc, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong

58 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 59 C n external boards, ad ommittees and v isory groups

Marilyn McMurchie OAM Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Society for HIV Medicine, Sydney Adjunct Associate Professor, Central Melbourne Anthony Cunningham MB BS, Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Margaret Hellard MB BS, FRACP, PhD, BMedSci(Hons), MD, FRACP, FRCPA, University of Sydney and Director, East FAFPHM (Chair) FASM Sydney Doctors Head, Centre for Epidemiology and Director, Westmead Millennium Institute Paul Maruff BSc PhD Population Health Research, Macfarlane for Medical Research, Sydney; Director, Chief Science Officer CogState ltd & Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Professor, Centre for Neuroscience, Public Health, Melbourne Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Melbourne David Iser MB BS (Hons), BSc(Med), Sydney Maggie Piper RN, BA, MBioEthics FRACP John de Witt Clinical Trials Co-ordinator, Centre for Hepatology Fellow, Infectious Diseases Director, National Centre in HIV Social Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne and Research Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, St. Vincent’s Sean Emery BSc(Hons), PhD Pathology and Medical Research, Hospital, Melbourne The Kirby Institute Westmead Hospital, Sydney Andrew Lloyd MB BS, MD, FRACP John M Kaldor PhD Nitin Saksena PhD Professor and Consultant Infectious Diseases The Kirby Institute Chief Scientist, Head of Retroviral Genetics Physician, Department of Infectious Diseases, Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Division, CVR, WMI, Westmead Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney The Kirby Institute Peter Sternhell MB BS Stuart Loveday 3rd Coalition for Research to Improve Aboriginal Health (CRIAH) Wilson, Australian representative) Lecturer, School of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Executive officer, Hepatitis C Council of Conference Scientific Advisory Committee (James Ward) Asian Network of People who Use Drugs, Hepatitis C Technical Hospital, Sydney NSW, Sydney 8th Australasian Viral Hepatitis Conference Organising Committee Advisory Group (Lisa Maher) Jo Watson Gail Matthews MB ChB, MRCP (Greg Dore Co-chair, Tanya Applegate) Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine Editorial Board (David Executive Director, National Association of (Convenor) 9th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Wilson) People Living with AIDS, Sydney The Kirby Institute Scientific Committee (HIV9) (David Cooper) ATAHC II Protocol Steering Committee (Greg Dore, Gail Peter Watts Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, 12th IUSTI World Congress, Melbourne, 2012, Organising Matthews, Jason Grebely, Kathy Petoumenos) Health Promotion and Treatments Officer, MPH(Hons), PhD Committee (Basil Donovan) Australasian Health and Research Data Managers Association Queensland Positive People, Brisbane The Kirby Institute 13th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Executive Committee (Pip Marks) Edwina Wright MB BS, FRACP Zoë Potgeiter RN, CNS Lipodystrophy in HIV Organising Committee (David Cooper) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Antiretroviral Guidelines Infectious Diseases Specialist, Department Clinical Trial Co-ordinator, Immunology 14th Bangkok Symposium on HIV Medicine Organising Committee Panel (Fraser Drummond) of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, B Ambulatory Care Clinic, St Vincent’s (David Cooper) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Board member (Mark Boyd) The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Hospital, Sydney 1st Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus, Montreal, Canada, Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Education and Training Stuart Roberts MB BS, FRACP, MD Organising Committee (Jason Grebely) Committee (Sarah Pett) Deputy Director, Department of 2012 International Microbicides Conference M2012 Organising Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Education Resources Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Committee (John Kaldor [Chair], Andrew Vallely, Lisa Maher) Advisory Committee (James Ward) Viral Hepatitis Working Melbourne 2012 International Microbicides Conference M2012 Scientific Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Expert Advisory Committee Group Joe Sasadeusz MB BS, FRACP, PhD Program Committee (Lisa Maher) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (James Ward) Infectious Diseases Physician, Royal 2012 Microbicides Conference Organising Committee (Mary Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Hepatitis B for Primary Care Melbourne Hospital and The Alfred Poynten) Providers Monograph Editorial Committee (Gail Matthews) Anthony Allworth MB BS, FRACP, Hospital, Melbourne Aboriginal Sexual Health and Hepatitis Advisory Committee Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, HIV and the Body Steering FRCPA, FACTM, MASM David Shaw MB BS, FRACP (James Ward) Committee (Sarah Pett) Director, Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Director, Infectious Diseases and Infection ACCESS Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, National Clinical Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Prevention Units, Royal Adelaide Hospital steering committee (James Ward, John Kaldor) Subcommittee (Fraser Drummond) David Baker MB ChB, DCH, Dip Med Carla Treloar BSc(Hons), PhD ACCESS family planning network steering committee (Basil Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW Hepatitis B Reference (Sexual Health) Deputy Director, National Centre in HIV Donovan, Rebecca Guy) Committee (Gail Matthews) General Practitioner, East Sydney Doctors, Social Research, UNSW ACCESS general practice network steering committee (Basil Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW Hepatitis C Reference Sydney Kumar Visvanathan MB BS, PHD, FRACP Donovan, Rebecca Guy) Committee (Gail Matthews) Michael Beard PhD, NHMRC Senior Head of Research and ID Physician, ACCESS sexual health service network steering committee Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW Hepatitis Reference Research Fellow Department of Infectious Diseases, (Hammad Ali, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor) Committee (Greg Dore) Head, Hepatitis C Virus Research Monash Medical Centre, Southern Health, Addiction and Moral Agency ARC Discovery Project Advisory Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, SA Pathology and School of Melbourne Committee (Lisa Maher) Program Advisory Committee (Alexa Gillman) Molecular and Biomedical Science, The Bethany White MPH, PhD candidate AIDS and Behaviour Editorial Board (Garrett Prestage) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, President and Board University of Adelaide, Adelaide The Kirby Institute AIDS Council of New South Wales Board (Garrett Prestage) member (Greg Dore) Scott Bowden PhD Amany Zekry MBBS, PhD, FRACP AIDS Council of New South Wales Ethics Review Committee Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Program Building Head of the Molecular Microbiology Head of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Garrett Prestage chair) Committee (Anthony Kelleher) Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Department, St George Hospital, Senior AIDS Council of New South Wales HIV and Sexually Transmissible Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, reviewer of abstracts Reference Laboratory, Melbourne Lecturer of Medicine, UNSW Infections Working Group (Garrett Prestage) (Anthony Kelleher) Erol Digiusto BSc(Hons), PhD AIDS Council of New South Wales Lesbian Health Board Advisory Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Annual Scientific Senior Research Fellow, National Drug and Committee (Julie Mooney-Somers) Meeting Organising Committee (Chris Weatherall) Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW AIDS Council of New South Wales Research and Policy Advisory Australian Antiretroviral Guidelines Panel (David Templeton) Nicholas Doong MBBS, MPH, DipObs, The Kirby Institute Committee (Garrett Prestage) Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot (ACCEPt) Project FRACGP Working Groups ex officio Alcohol and Drug Foundation NSW, Kathleen York House (Libby Executive Committee (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor) General Practitioner, Burwood Road Topp, Director) Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel General Practice Altair Trial MRS Substudy Protocol Steering Committee (David Surveillance (ACCESS) Coordinating Committee (Basil Donovan, Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, David Cooper AO, BSc(Med), MB BS, Cooper, Sean Emery, Steve Kerr, Rebekah Puls) Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, James Ward) MPH MD, DSc, FAA, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP Altair Trial Protocol Steering Committee (David Cooper, Sean Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing The Kirby Institute The Kirby Institute Emery, Kathy Petoumenos, Rebekah Puls) Ministerial Advisory Committee on Blood Borne Viruses and Michelle Giles MB BS (Hons) FRACP PhD Levinia Crooks AM, BA(Hons), Dip Ed Anex Research Advisory Committee (John Kaldor) Sexually Transmissible Infections (Andrew Grulich member) Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious Chief Executive Officer, Australasian Annecy HIV group for international HIV surveillance (David Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing-funded

60 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 61 HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and sexually transmissible infections, Developing Papua New Guinea’s National HIV Strategy 2011-2015 INSIGHT network, Infrastructure Committee (Sarah Pett, Cate Carey) Research Excellence Grant Review Panel (John Kaldor) education and health promotion materials, expert working group (David Wilson, expert reviewer) INSIGHT network, Monitoring Group Committee (David National Health and Medical Research Council Hepatitis C (John Kaldor) Drug and Alcohol Review Editorial Board (Peter Higgs, Lisa Maher) Courtney-Rodgers, Nisha Seneviratne) Reference Group (James Ward) Australian Hepatitis Council Health Reference Group (Lisa Maher) eJournal of the International AIDS Society Editorial Board (John INSIGHT network, Quality Oversight and Performance Evaluation National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant Australian HIV Observational Database Steering Committee Kaldor) Committee (David Courtney-Rodgers) Review Panel Immunology (Anthony Kelleher) (Mark Boyd, Matthew Law, Hamish McManus, Kathy Encore Program Committee (Sean Emery, Rebekah Puls) INSIGHT network, Training Committee (Cate Carey) National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant Petoumenos, Stephen Wright) Encore1 Central Nervous System Exposure Protocol Steering Intensive Insulin Therapy Trialists’ Collaboration Steering Review Panel, Indigenous Health (John Kaldor) Australian Institute of Policy and Science (David Wilson, associate Committee (Janaki Amin, Carlo Dazo, Rebekah Puls) Committee (Bette Liu) National Health and Medical Research Council Public Health member) Encore1 Neurocognitive Substudy Protocol Steering Committee International Aids Society Conference Organising Committee, Discipline panel (Andrew Grulich) Australian Liver Association Clinical Trial Network Executive (Rebekah Puls, Anna Donaldson, Steve Kerr, Amanda Clarke) Basic Science Track Committee (Anthony Kelleher, co-chair) National HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines Reference Committee (Greg Dore) Encore1 Pharmacokinetic Protocol Steering Committee (Dianne International AIDS Society Meeting, Epidemiology and Prevention Group (Andrew Grulich) Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group Independent Carey, Rebekah Puls) Stream, Vienna, Austria, Rapporteur (David Wilson) National Prison Entrants Bloodborne Virus Survey Steering Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (Matthew Law) Encore1 Protocol Steering Committee (Janaki Amin, David International Centre for Science in Drug Policy, Technical Advisor committee (Tony Butler, chair) Australian NSP Survey National Advisory Group (Jenny Iversen, Cooper, Sean Emery, Rebekah Puls) (Lisa Maher) National Prisoner Health Indictor Project, Technical Expert Group Lisa Maher, Libby Topp) Enhancing Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake and Outcomes in Opiate International Journal of Drug Policy Editorial Board (Jo Kimber, (Tony Butler, chair) Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Dependency Pharmacotherapy Settings Steering Committee (ex Lisa Maher) National Prisoner Health Indictor Group (Tony Butler) Radiation Health and Safety Advisory Council (John Kaldor) officio) (John Kaldor) International Journal of STD & AIDS Editorial Board (Basil Donovan) National Strategies STI HIV BBV project working groups (Rebecca Australian Red Cross Blood Service (David Wilson, monitoring Estimation of HIV Prevalence for European Countries Working International Symposium on Hepatitis Care in Substance Users, Guy, John Kaldor, Garret Prestage, James Ward) advisor) Group (David Wilson) Brussels, Belgium, Organising committee (Jason Grebely) National Surveillance Committee (Ann McDonald) Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) European Developing Country Clinical Trials Partnership International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections, Netherlands AIDS Foundation Grant Scheme (David Wilson, Working Party on HPV (Basil Donovan) (EDCTP) microbicide trial feasibility study, East Africa Steering Executive Committee (Basil Donovan, Senior Counsellor) reviewer) Biomedical Prevention Working Group (ex officio) (Basil Committee (Andrew Vallely) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Editorial Board Northern Territory Sexual Health Advisory Group (James Ward, Donovan, Andrew Grulich, Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, James Faculty of Medicine, Expert Review Panel (Sean Emery) (David Cooper) John Kaldor) Ward, Iryna Zablotska) Faculty of Medicine, Research Management Committee (Anthony Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research Editorial Board (David Wilson) NSW Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine Annual Scientific Cancer Working Group, international epidemiologic databases to Kelleher) Journal of Hepatology Editorial Board (Greg Dore) Meeting Organising Committee (Fraser Drummond) evaluate AIDS (Andrew Grulich) Faculty of Medicine, Rural Student Entry Scheme Interview Panel Journal of HIV Therapy Current Trends Advisory Board (David NSW Chief Health Officer Report Special Topic: STI (Basil CAS HIV/STI Health Promotion Subcommittee chlamydia (Jo Kimber) Cooper) Donovan, David Wilson, advisory group members) working group (Hammad Ali, Rebecca Guy) Faculty of Medicine, Women’s Employment Committee (Rebekah Lao People’s Democratic Republic National Strategy and Action NSW Department of Corrective Services Ethics Committee (John Centre for Research Excellence in Injecting Drug Use, Education Puls) Plan on HIV/AIDS/STI 2011-2015 (David Wilson expert reviewer) Kaldor) Subcommittee (Jason Grebely) Family Planning NSW Scientific Advisory Group (Basil Donovan, Lionel Murphy Foundation (Board of Trustees) (Lisa Maher) NSW Greater Metropolitan Clinical Taskforce Hepatitis C Sub- CHEST Management Committee (Bette Liu) John Kaldor) Lotus House Refuge Management Committee (Lisa Maher) committee (Greg Dore, co-chair) Closing the Gap Evidence Working Group (James Ward) FOXFIRE Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (Matthew Law) Medicine Today Board of Editorial Consultants (Basil Donovan) NSW Health Aboriginal Sexual and Reproductive Health Program Cochrane Collaborative Review Group on HIV infection and AIDS, Gastroenterology Metropolitan Committee on Hepatitis C (Greg Menzies School of Health Research Advisory Group (James Ward) Advisory Group (James Ward) Biomedical Interventions Reviews Editor (John Kaldor) Dore co-chair) Merck OpiCare Leadership Team (Greg Dore, Jason Grebely) NSW Health Advisory Group for the Chief Health Officer (CHO) Communicable Disease Network of Australia Committee, Genital Warts Surveillance Network (Hammad Ali, Basil MGM Interagency (Iryna Zablotska) Report, special topic on sexually transmissible infections (James Surveillance and Monitoring Plan for national strategies HIV STI Donovan, Rebecca Guy, David Regan) Mid Term Review Steering Committee NSW Health AIDS Branch Ward) BBV Sub-Committee (David Wilson) Harm Reduction Journal Editorial Board (Lisa Maher) Strategies HIV STI HCV Aboriginal Implementation Plan (James NSW Health CAS Health Promotion Sub-Committee Chlamydia Communicable Diseases Intelligence Editorial Board (John Kaldor) Harm Reduction Journal Section Editor - Infectious Diseases (Lisa Ward) Working Group (Rebecca Guy, James Ward) Communicable Diseases Network Australia (John Kaldor) Maher) MIMS Annual Honorary Editorial Board (Basil Donovan) NSW Health Expert Advisory Panel - Wide bore syringes (Lisa Maher) Communicable Diseases Network Australia Aboriginal and Heart Foundation HIV & CVD Consumer Resource Working Group Ministerial Advisory Committee on AIDS, Sexual Health and NSW Health Fixing the Gap In the patient Journey: Improving Torres Strait Islander working group National Surveillance and (Kathy Petoumenos) Hepatitis (MACASHH), Hepatitis C Subcommittee (Greg Dore) access to hepatitis C treatment among Aboriginal people. Project Monitoring Plan (James Ward) Hepatitis C Victoria Research Advisory Committee (Peter Higgs, Multicultural HIV and Hepatitis Service Advisory Group (Lisa Advisory Committee (James Ward) Communicable Diseases Network Australia, Human chair) Maher, Chair) NSW Health HCV Prevention Campaign Advisory Committee Papillomavirus (HPV) Surveillance Working Party (John Kaldor) Hepatitis C Victoria, Board of Directors (Peter Higgs, president) NACCHO Sexual Health and Bloodborne Virus Advisory (Bethany White) Communicable Diseases Network Australia, New Developments in Hepatitis NSW Medical Research Advisory Panel (Greg Dore) Committee (James Ward) NSW Health Mid Term Review Committee, NSW HIV, STI, HCV HIV Surveillance Committee (John Kaldor, Chair) HIV Consortium for Partnership in Asia and the Pacific NAPWA Treatments Policy Advisory Group (Fraser Drummond, and Aboriginal Implementation Plan (James Ward) Communicable Diseases Network Australia, Subcommittee on Management Committee (John Kaldor, Louise Causer) Sarah Pett) NSW Health Shared Scientific Advisory Committee (Fraser Surveillance of Bloodborne Viral and Sexually Transmitted HIV DART 2008 Conference Organising Committee (David National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Drummond expert reviewer) Infections (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, Tarana Cooper co-chair) Medication Working Group (Dianne Carey) NSW Health Shared Scientific Assessment Committee (Fraser Lucky, Keira Robinson, Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton, James HIV Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Collaboration National Breast Cancer Foundation Register4 Epidemiological Drummond) Ward, David Wilson) (HIV-NAT) International Advisory Board (David Cooper, Co- Questionnaire Design Advisory Group (Bette Liu) NSW Health Statewide Review of AIDS Funded Services (James Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA), National Director, Chris Duncombe) National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS) Ward) Strategies HIV STI BBV Sub-Committee, Hepatitis C Working HIV Star Data Safety Monitoring Board Committee (Matthew Steering Committee for Cambodian Treatment Access Program NSW Health, Statewide Review of AIDS Funded Services, panel Group (Lisa Maher, chair) Law, Stephen Kerr) (CTAP) and AusAID funded HIV projects (John Kaldor) (James Ward) Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA), National HIV Therapy Editorial Board (David Cooper, John Kaldor) National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of NSW HIV Point of Care Testing Working Group (Andrew Grulich, Strategies HIV STI BBV Sub-Committee, Surveillance and HIV+ Health Promotion Interagency (Garrett Prestage, Jack Vaccine Preventable Disease Scientific Advisory Committee (John Damian Conway, Rebecca Guy, Garret Prestage) Monitoring Plan (David Wilson) Bradley) Kaldor) NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on Hepatitis (MACH) (Greg Comprehensive International Program for Research on AIDS HIVNAT International Advisory Board (Sean Emery) National Centre in HIV Social Research (NCHSR) Scientific Dore, Lisa Maher, James Ward) (CIPRA) HIV Research Program in Thailand and Cambodia IeDEA Cancer Working Group (Matthew Law, Stephen Kerr) Advisory Committee (Lisa Maher) NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS and Sexually International Steering Committee (David Cooper) IeDEA Data Harmonization Working Group (Jialun Zhou, National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan NSW Implementation Transmissible Infections (James Ward) Council of the PNG Institute of Medical Research (Andrew Vallely, Rebecca Oyomopito, Azar Kariminia) Committee (Rebecca Guy) NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Member) IeDEA Executive Committee (David Cooper, Matthew Law) National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan Steering Committee and Transmissible Infections, Health Promotion Subcommittee Current HIV/AIDS Reports Editorial Board (David Cooper, IeDEA Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Events Working Group Monitoring and Evaluation Subcommittee (David Wilson, Rebecca (Andrew Grulich chair, Garrett Prestage member) Honorary Member) (Jialun Zhou) Guy) NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS (David Cooper, co-editor) Immunovirology Research Network Steering Committee National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan Technical Working Group Transmissible Infections Health Promotion Sub-Committee - Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Editorial Board (John Kaldor) (Anthony Kelleher) (Basil Donovan, Andrew Grulich, Rebecca Guy, Garrett Prestage, Chlamydia Working Group (Hammad Ali, Rebecca Guy, James Department of Human Services Victorian HIV Taskforce (James Infectious Disease Reports Editorial Board (David Wilson) David Wilson) Ward) Ward) INSIGHT network, Executive Committee (David Cooper, Sean Emery) National Health and Medical Research Council Centres of NSW Users and AIDS Association Expert Advisory Committee

62 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 63 n staff 2011

(Lisa Maher) The HIV/AIDS Legal Centre (HALC) Management Board (Iryna NSW Users and AIDS Association Peer Distribution Advisory Zablotska) Committee (Lisa Maher) The Salvation Army, Overdose Awareness Day Committee (Peter NSW Users and AIDS Association Research Ethics Advisory Higgs) Committee (Lisa Maher) Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) expert advisory panel Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Peer Reviewer, Public for influenza vaccine testing (Anthony Kelleher) Health Services (PHS) Guidelines for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Steering Committee (PrEP) for HIV Prevention with Men Who Have Sex with Men, (Matthew Law, Jialun Zhou) Centres for Disease Control (John Kaldor) TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Database Steering OpiCare Leadership Team (Greg Dore, Jason Grebely) Committee (Matthew Law, Azar Kariminia) Papua New Guinea Annual Medical Symposium 2011 Organising TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme Steering Committee Committee (Andrew Vallely) (Matthew Law, Jialun Zhou) Papua New Guinea HIV Modelling Reference Group (John Murray) TREAT Asia Steering Committee (David Cooper) Papua New Guinea Policy Forum on Male Circumcision for HIV TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Resistance Steering Committee Prevention Organising Committee (Andrew Vallely, John Kaldor) (Matthew Law) Positive Life (NSW) Board Advisory Group (Garrett Prestage, UNAIDS Estimation of Australia’s HIV/AIDS indicators (David Mark Boyd) Wilson) Practical Advances in Treating HIV (PATH II) Steering Committee UNSW Academic Board Committee Member (John Kaldor) The Director’s Unit Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, David J Templeton MBChB, DipVen, (Sean Emery, Chair) UNSW Academic Board Higher Degree Research Committee Director and Scientia Professor of MPH(Hons), PhD (from July) MForensMed, PhD, MACLM, MFFLM, Primary HIV Infection Advisory Committee (John Murray) (John Kaldor) Medicine David Regan BA, BSc(Hons), PhD FAChSHM Project Management Group Randomised Control Trial, Tobacco UNSW Faculty of Medicine Higher Degree Research Committee David Cooper AO FAA, BSc(Med), MB BS, Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Iryna Zablotska-Manos PhD, MD, MPH Control AH&MRC (James Ward) (Libby Topp) MD, DSc, FAA, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP Jialun Zhou BMed, MPH, PhD (to Associate Lecturers Project Reference Group NSW STI Campaign (James Ward) UNSW Faculty of Medicine Postdoctoral Advisory Committee Executive Assistant November) Ben Bavinton BA (Hon), MPH ProPrems Trial Data Safety Monitoring Committee (John Kaldor) (Jason Grebely, Mary Poynten) Janette Button Lecturers Ian Down MPH Public Health Association of Australia (Tony Butler) UNSW Faculty of Medicine Research Grant/Early Career Grant Research Assistant Azar Kariminia BSc, MSc, PhD Michelle McKechnie BMedSci (Hon), PhD Public Health Association of Australia, Justice Health Special Review (Anthony Kelleher) Damien Cordery BSc(Hons), MPH, PhD Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, Research Assistants Interest Group (Tony Butler, convenor; Peter Higgs) UNSW Health Data Linkage committee (Heather Gidding) Vaccines Program Grant Co-ordinator MPH(Hons), PhD (to June) Brian Acraman Public Health Research Network Advisory Committee (Heather UNSW Hepatitis C Vaccine Initiative Steering Committee (John John Wilkinson BSc(Hons), PhD Associate Lecturer Patrick McGrath BA, Dip Ed, Grad Dip Gidding) Kaldor) Manager, Research Communication Ben Hui BE(computer engineering), Matthew O’Dwyer BLibStud, MPH (Hons) Queensland Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS, UNSW Human Research Ethics Advisory Panel: Medical/ Louisa Wright M Journalism, MPH MBiomedE (from April) Hepatitis C and Sexual Health Member (Andrew Vallely) Community (Greg Dore, Jo Kimber, Mark Boyd) Research Associates Project Officer Repatriation Medical Authority (John Kaldor) UNSW Postgraduate Student Seminar - Building networks among Igor Korostil MSc Jack Bradley Review of the Australian National HIV Testing Policy, Member students investigating drug use and associated topics, Sydney, Nicholas Tothill BA, MSc, PhD (from Designer Expert Reference Committee, (Andrew Grulich) Australia Organising Committee (Jason Grebely) Aboriginal and Torres April) Steve Frendo Dip Eng (Elec), Design Cert Sax Institute (David Wilson) UNSW School of Public Health and Community Medicine Strait Islander Program Statisticians (to Nov) Sexual Health (David Cooper, Editor) Research Committee (Tony Butler) Head and Senior Lecturer Heather Gidding BAppSc, Grad Dip Program Coordinator Sexual Health Editorial Board (Basil Donovan, Andrew Grulich, User’s News and New South Wales Users and AIDS Association James Ward BA Epid Biostats, MAppEpid, MPHAA Anna Checkley BA (Hons) (from June) John Kaldor, Garrett Prestage) Advisory Group (Jason Grebely) Research Manager Paul Fahey BSc, MMedStat (to Administrative Assistant Sexually Transmitted Infections Programs Unit (STIPU) Advisor VAC/GMHC Sexually Adventurous Men’s Project Committee Simon Graham BIS, MApplEpid November) Ali Ayoub (to May) Group, NSW (Rebecca Guy) (Garrett Prestage) National Co-ordinator Awachana Jiamsakul BSc, MS Sexually Transmitted Infections, Editorial Board (David Cooper) Vietnamese Australian Buddhist Assistance Trust (Lisa Maher) Clint Arizmendi BA, MEd, PhD (to Dec) Hamish McManus BEcon, BActS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Elsevier, New Delhi (Basil World Health Organisation Strategic and Technical Advisory Clinical Project Leader MBIOS Donovan, Section Editor) Committee for HIV/AIDS (David Cooper) Mary Ellen Harrod BA, Dip Arts (EH1), M Rebecca Oyompito BSc, Grad Dip Med Immunovirology and Sidney Myer Health Scholarship Selection Committee (Peter Higgs) World Health Organisation Working Group on Incidence Assays Prelim, PhD Stat (to May) Pathogenesis Program SIRFLOX Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board for HIV Infection (John Kaldor co-Chair) Project Coordinator Stephen Wright BMath, MAppStat Professor and Head Committee (Matthew Law) World Health Organisation/UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Advisory Linda Garton RN, Grad Cert Adv Prac, Sex Computer Systems Officers Anthony Kelleher BSc(Hons), MB SPARTAC Trial Steering Committee (David Cooper, Anthony Committee (David Cooper, Chair) Hlth Noorul Absar BTech, Grad Dip(Inf Sc), BS(Hons), PhD, FRACP, FRCPA Kelleher) World Hepatitis Day Clinical and Public Health Advisory Panel Senior Research Officer MComp(SW Eng) Senior Lecturer and NHMRC CDA St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research/UNSW (Greg Dore) Amalie Dyda BHlthSci, MAE Rossitza Chevkenova BSc Fellow Research degree review committee (Anthony Kelleher) Project Officer Program Co-ordinator Stuart Turville BSc (Hons) PhD St Vincent’s Hospital Campus Institutional Biosafety Committee Belinda Ford BSc, MPH Courtney Bendall DipBus Lecturers (Anthony Kelleher) Administrative Assistants Administrative Assistant Linda Gelgor PhD, MSc St Vincent’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (Kathy Andrew Nakhla BComm, LLB Supreet Mehik B Homoeop Med Surg Kersten Koelsch MBBS, MD Petoumenos, Handan Wand, Dianne Carey) Lucy Watchirs-Smith Clinical Project Co-ordinator St Vincent’s Research & Biotechnology Precinct Hub Governance Patricia Grey BA, Post Grad Dip App Sci, Council (David Cooper) CNS, Dip (Counselling) Steering Committee for NHMRC grant under the International HIV Epidemiology and Research Assistants Collaborative Indigenous Health Research Partnership (John Biostatistics and Prevention Program Anupriya Aggarwal PhD Kaldor) Databases Program Head, Professor and NHMRC Principal Michelle Bailey BSc(Hons) STIGMA - NSW Implementation committee for the National Head and Professor Research Fellow Chantelle Hood PhD Syphilis Action Plan (Rebecca Guy) Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Andrew Grulich MBBS, MSc, PhD, Susanna Ip BSc STIGMA (Iryna Zablotska) Associate Professor FAFPHM Chansavath Phetsouphanh BSc, MSc Thai A/E Clade HIV Vaccine Trial Protocol Steering Committee John Murray BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD (part Associate Professor Yin Xu MSc (Research), MSc (David Cooper, Sean Emery, Rebekah Puls) time) Garrett Prestage BA, PhD, JP Data Administrator The Cancer Council NSW Cancer Research Committee (Andrew Senior Lecturer Senior Lecturers Ansari Shaik BA, MBA Grulich) Janaki Amin BSc(Hons), MPH(Hons), PhD (Fengyi) Jeff Jin MB, MPH, PhD Administrative assistants The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drug Study Stephen Kerr BPharm(Hons), MIPH, PhD (Isobel) Mary Poynten MBBS, DCH, MPH Tracey Barrett (from April) International Steering Committee (Matthew Law) (based at HIV-NAT, Thailand) (Hon), PhD Lucy Watchirs-Smith BA, MPH (to April)

64 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 65 Cathy O’Connell Dip Bus Michelle Micallef Phd, BBMedSci (Hons) Chief of Operations, St Vincent’s Centre for Data Managers (from Feb) Applied Medical Research Justice Health Research Sexual Health Program Kymme Courtney-Vega Dip Sp Th John J Morrison, BSc (Hons), PhD, Cert St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Program Head and Professor of Sexual Health Wendy Lee Health Econ, Grad Cert Pharmacoecon, Head and Professor Basil Donovan MB BS, DipVen (Lond), MD, Jose Aurelio Vieira Vulcao BA CCRA, CCRT (from August) Visiting Fellows Tony Butler MSc (Quant methods) MSc FAFPHM, FRCPI, FAChSHM Administrative Assistants Marianne Byrne B.Sci (Hons); Grad Cert Bruce Brew MB BS(Hons), MD, FRACP (IT) PhD DipAppEpi Senior Lecturer and NHMRC Post- Maja Berilazic BEd ClinTrialsMan (from August) Professor of Medicine Research Assistant doctoral Fellow Rosemary Robson Ineke Shaw BSc, Grad Cert BioStats St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Michael Doyle Grad Dip (Indig H Promotion) Rebecca Guy BAppSc, MAppEpid, PhD Alexis Shambrook Barbara Yeung RN, BHSc (Nursing), MPH Lecturers Lara Cassar Senior Research Officer Nick Crofts MB BS, MPH, FAFPHM Hammad Ali BSc, MBBS, MPH Francois Lamoury EICnam (Biology) (from Professor and Director Damian Conway, MB BCh MMed(STD/ Feb) Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Public Health HIV) FAChSHM MRCGP DRCOG DFF Research Assistants Melbourne Interventions Research Fraser Drummond MB ChB, MRCA, DA Viral Hepatitis Amanda Erratt ADip (Med Record Admin) Group (UK) (to June) Epidemiology and Sofia Bartlett BSc (Hons) (from Feb) Hsin-Chun Lee MD Head and Professor of Epidemiology Senior Research Officer Prevention Program Data Manager Assistant Professor and Infectious Disease John Kaldor PhD Kirsty Smith RN, Grad Dip Education, MPH Professor and Head Sharmila Siriragavan BMedSci (from Feb) Physician, Associate Professor Project Co-ordinators Lisa Maher PhD Labkey Database Developer College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung Andrew Vallely MBBS, MRCP, MSC, Lisa Edwards BNurs MPH Senior Lecturer Trent Schafer BA IT (from May) University, Taiwan DTMH, PhD Rebecca Lorch DipAdultNurs BSc(Hons) Libby Topp BSc(Psychol)(Hons), PhD Administrative Assistants Senior Lecturer Research Assistants Associate Lecturer Jennifer Moore (to Dec) Cathy Pell MB BS, MM FAChSM Bette Liu MBBS(Hons) MPH(Hons) DPhil Larissa Lewis BA Sarah Wright BSc, PGDip Sci, PhD Sarah Field (Feb to Aug) Sexual Health Physician Lecturers Muhammad Shahid Jamil MBBS MPH (Physiology) (from October) Deb Payne (Aug to Dec) Taylor Square Private Clinic, Sydney Louise Causer MB BS, MSc, DTM&H MHM Lecturer Shelley Tinworth (from Feb) Joanne Micallef BMedSc (Hons), PhD Denton Challander BA, BMT Mihaela Ivan MD MSc FAFPHM (from July) Phillip Read BSc, MBBS, MRCP, DipGUM, Bradley Mathers MSD, MBChB, BHB Visiting Research Fellow Post Doctoral Research Fellows DFFP, DipHIV, MPH, FAChSHM Program Manager Hsin-Chun (Grace) Lee MD Peter Higgs PhD, MA, BSW Post-graduate Fellow, Sydney Sexual Skye McGregor BA, BSc, MA Program Coordinator Joanne Kimber BSc, PhD Operations Group Health Centre, Sydney Hospital Lucy Watchirs Smith BA, MPH (from April) Anna Olsen PhD Operations Manager Will Small PhD Daren Draganic BSc(Hons) Don Smith MB ChB, MD Study Co-ordinators Business Manager Associate Professor and Head of Research Surveillance and Rachel Deacon BSc, PhD (to Sept) Annie Tung MPA Development Evaluation Program for Therapeutic and Vaccine Jenny Iversen BAppSc Finance Managers Albion Street Centre, Sydney Public Health Research Program Bethany White BA (Psych), MPH Gina Lam BA(Hons), EMBA Head and Associate Professor Head and Professor Research Assistants Jence Oesman Mark Sullivan BSc David Wilson BSc, BInfTech, Sean Emery BSc(Hons), PhD Anna Bates BA, MPH Selina Cheng BA, MComm, CPA Chief Operating Officer BAppSc(Hons), GradCert(Biostats), PhD Senior Lecturer Sammy Chow BSc (Hons) (from May) Rachael Blackwell BA(Hons), ACMA VivaGelTM Microbicide Development Lecturers Mark Boyd BA, BM, BS, DCTM&H, MHID, Jarliene Enriquez Finance Administrator Consortium Richard Gray BSc(Hons), PhD MD, FRACP Mofizul Islam BSc(Hons), MSc(Med), Teresa Wong BAcc, CPA Medicines Development Limited, Lei Zhang BSc(Adv Hons), MSc, PhD, MPH Sarah Pett BSc(Hons), MB BS(Hons), MPhil Librarian Melbourne Visiting Academic DTM&H, MRCP (UK), FRACP,PHD Ju Park BSc(Hons) (to July) Coralie Kronenberg BA, Dip IM Lib, AALIA Xun Zhuang (from February) Lecturers Anh Pham IT Specialist Alex Wodak MB BS, MRACP, FRACP, Post Doctoral Research Fellows/ Helen Byakwaga MB ChB,PHD Len Liao Sergio Sandler MSc, EE, Dip Ed MRCP, FAFPHM, FAChAM Associate Lecturers Dianne Carey BPharm, MPH, PHD Program Coordinator Computer Systems Officers Director, Alcohol and Drug Service Alexander Hoare BSc(Hons), PhD Rebekah Puls BSc(Hons), PhD Rachel McCleave BA(Hons), BEd(Prim) Lisa Howard Dip IT St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Josephine Reyes BS, MS, PhD Senior Clinical Project Co-ordinators Fiona Campbell (April-Oct) Charles Tran BCompSc Research Associate Cate Carey RN, BA, MAppSc(Research) Manager, Human Relations Conjoint Associate Professor Cliff Kerr BSc(Hons), LMusA, DipArts, PhD Allison Humphries BSc, MSc (Med), Grad Brigette Sharp BA(Hons), MAppSc Richard Hillman MD FRCP FAChSHM HIV Surveillance Coordinator Dip PH Manager, Administration Associate Professor and Director Ann McDonald BSc, MPH David Courtney-Rodgers Viral Hepatitis Clinical Yvette Toole HIV & STI Postgraduate Program, Senior Surveillance Officer Enmoore Lin BA/BSc (Hons) PhD Research Program Administrative Officers University of Sydney Carleigh Cowling BNurs, PGDipMid (from Clinical Project Co-ordinators Head and Professor Ian Brodie BEc, Grad Dip Ed, Ass Dip Hlth April) Maria Arriaga BSc, MScMed (STD/HIV) Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, MPH Sc Honorary Senior Lecturer Surveillance Officer Carlo Dazo BMedSc (Hons) Senior Lecturers Morgan Stewart BA(Hons) Dr. Alex Thompson, MBBS, PhD, FRACP Melanie Middleton BMedSci, MPH Hila Haskelberg BSc Gail Matthews MBChB, MRCP(UK), Ran He Head of Hepatology Research Tarana Lucky MBBS, MPH Simone Jacoby BSc, Dip Nutrition, Adv FRACP PhD Receptionist St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne Research Assistants Dip Bot Med Tanya Applegate BSc (Hons), PhD Rata Joseph Shamin Kinathil BE(Hons), BSc Nisha Seneviratne BMedSc, BBus Jason Grebely BSc, PhD Adjunct Lecturers Keira Robinson BSc(Hons), MSc Megan Evans BappSc HIM Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Fellow Phillip Read BSc, MBBS, MRCP, DipGUM, Andrew Craig BSc (from April) Natalie Espinosa BS (Biomed), MA.AppSc Rachel Ali BMBS, BMedSci (Hons), DFFP, DipHIV, MPH, FAChSHM Gordana Popovic BEd, BSc(Hons) (Ex&Sc) MRCP(Lon) (to Dec) Researchers affiliated to Post-graduate Fellow, Sydney Sexual Elizabeth Mlambo (from March) Jessica Taylor (BNurs) Lecturer NCHECR Health Centre, Sydney Hospital Md. Fakhrul Islam BSc(Hons), MSc(Stat), Sally Hough BAppSci, Postgrad Cert PM Marianne Jauncey BMed, Grad Dip App Visiting Professor MIS, MBiostat David Silk BSc (Hons) Epi, MPH (Hons), FAFPHM (to Jan) Jennifer Hoy MB BS, Grad Dip Epi Bio, Kathy Triffitt BA, Grad Dip, Ph D Jianyun (Fred) Wu BSc MActSt, PDipStats Elise Tu BSc (Hons), PhD Clinical Trials Manager FRACP Manager, Health Promotion Charisse Farr Anna Donaldson MSC Pip Marks BSc, MPH (Hons) Positive Life NSW Program Coordinator Joe Levitt AAS Clinical Project Co-ordinators Senior Visiting Fellow Megan Brennan Program Manager Alexa Gillman BSc(Hons)(to January) Philip Cunningham BAppSc(Med)

66 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 67 n postgraduate super v ision and student students

among people who inject drugs in Supervisors: Kathy Petoumenos; Matthew Smith Australia Law Chris Weatherall Supervisors: Lisa Maher; Libby Topp; Catalina Mendez Characterisation of B-lymphocyte Handan Wand Defining the role of RNAi transcriptional responses in primary HIV infection- Brendan Jacka silencing of HIV-1 neutralising antibodies and immune Viral epidemiology of multiple Hep C Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Kazuo Suzuki tolerance infections in international high risk (St. Vincents Hospital) Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; David Cooper populations Mee Ling Munier Bethany White Supervisors: Tanya Applegate; Jason The role of HIV-specific CD4+ T-cells at Hepatitis C vaccine preparedness Grebely; Greg Dore primary infection Supervisors: Lisa Maher; Greg Dore James Jansson Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Bill Sewell Stephen Wright Mapping HIV outcomes: geographical and (Garvan Institute); John Zaunders (St Antiretroviral therapies and clinical forecasts of people living with HIV Vincent’s Hospital) immunological outcomes in HIV-positive in Australia David Muscatello patients Supervisors: David Wilson; Richard Gray Novel methods for influenza surveillance Supervisors: Kathy Petoumenos; Matthew Amy Kwon Supervisors: Raina McIntyre (SPHCM); Law Mathematical modelling of viral epidemics Janaki Amin Doctorates awarded Jonathan Anderson Supervisors: Basil Donovan; John Kaldor; among injecting drug users in the Asia- Rebecca Akao Oyomopito Helen Byakwaga The role of economic evaluation in Rebecca Guy; Jeff Klausner Pacific region HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naïve Antiretroviral therapy and the decision-making about HIV Simon Graham Supervisors: David Wilson; Rosie Thein; and combination antiretroviral therapy Masters students at the management of HIV/AIDS Supervisors: David Cooper; Sean Emery; An intervention to improve sexually Cliff Kerr exposed patients in Asia Kirby Institute Supervisors: Sean Emery; David Cooper; Kathy Petoumenos transmitted infection management in Linh-Ve Le Supervisors: Matthew Law; Tony Kelleher; Anna Charisse Farr Mark Boyd Maria Arriaga selected Aboriginal Community Controlled HIV incidence and predictors of sexual Suzanne Polis Evaluation of HIV in the Philippines Dianne Carey Aspects of Human Immunodeficiency Health Services in New South Wales and drug injecting behavioural risk among Chansavath Phetsouphanh (Masters by Research) Optimising therapeutic outcomes in HIV- Virus (HIV) management Supervisors: Basil Donovan; Rebecca Guy; female sex workers/men who have sex Characterisation of CD4+ Antigen specific Supervisor: David Wilson infected subjects Supervisors: Sarah Pett; Mark Boyd Handan Wand with men in Vietnam T cells to HIV Belinda Hengel Supervisors: Sean Emery; David Cooper Anchalee Avihingsanon Behzad Hajarizadeh Supervisors: John Kaldor; Lisa Maher; Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Nabila Seddiki What works? Improving Primary Health Heather Gidding Non AIDS complications and treatment Diagnosis and natural history of acute Keith Sabin (WHO, Hanoi) Suzanne Polis Care Centre access and STI amongst young Hepatitis C-related morbidity and optimizations for HIV-1 infected Thai adult hepatitis C virus infection Scott Ledger Adherence to hepatitis B antiviral people in remote Aboriginal and Torres treatment in Australia patients with and without TB or Hepatitis Supervisors: Greg Dore; Jason Grebely; The effects of anti-attachment and fusion therapies Strait Islander communities in Australia Supervisors: Matthew Law; Greg Dore; Supervisor: Gail Matthews Tanya Applegate inhibitor gene-therapies in the protection Supervisors: Lisa Maher; Armany Zekry Supervisors: John Kaldor; Rebecca Guy; Janaki Amin Ben Bavinton Hila Haskelberg of HIV susceptible cells (St George Hospital) Lisa Maher Sarah Pett HIV viral load and transmission in Antiretroviral toxicity in HIV-infected Supervisors: Geoff Symonds; John Murray Karen Schneider Rebecca Lorch Aspects of HIV-1 treatment: An serodiscordant male homosexual couples. patients Dorothy Machalek Mathematical modelling of HIV Role of the Practice Nurse in chlamydia exploration of the positive and negative Supervisors: Andrew Grulich; Garrett Supervisors: Sean Emery; Andrew Carr (St The natural history of anal human epidemiology, treatment and drug- testing in general practice physiological aspects of host-directed PrestLouise Causer Vincent’s Hospital); Janaki Amin papillomavirus infection and anal cellular resistance in Thailand Supervisors: Rebecca Guy; Jane Hocking; treatments for HIV-1 infection STI rapid point-of care tests William Hey-Cunningham abnormalities in mature aged homosexual Supervisors: David Wilson; Matthew Law; Meredith Temple-Smith (both University Supervisors: David Cooper; Tony Kelleher; Supervisors: John Kaldor; Rebecca Guy Delineation of the latent HIV reservoir men Basil Donovan of Melbourne) Sean Emery Eric Pui Fung Chow with subpopulations of Memory CD4 T Supervisors: Andrew Grulich; Jeff Jin; Ivy Shih (University of Sydney) Tarana Lucky Masters by Research Sanjay Swaminathan Understanding the past, forecasting the cells Mary Poynten Characterization of Human Quantitative techniques to improve Role of miRNAs in HIV-1 pathogenesis future – investigating the epidemiology of Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Kersten Kylie-Ann Mallitt Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) spread monitoring and evaluation of HIV Supervisor: Tony Kelleher HIV/AIDS in China Koelsch; John Zaunders (SVH) Geospatial Models of HIV Transmission between physiologically relevant cell epidemics and transfusion-transmissible Elizabeth Sullivan (University of New Supervisors: Lei Zhang; David Wilson Kelly Jean Heymer Supervisors: Handan Wand; David Wilson targets of the immune system infections in Australia South Wales), MD (Research) Paul Clark Using modelling to evaluate drivers Allison Martin (Humphries) Supervisor: Stuart Turville; N Nasr Supervisors: David Wilson; Handan Wand Caesarean section in Australia: National Genomics to predict the complications of and predict trajectories of HIV and Toxicities associated with antiretroviral (University of Sydney) Skye McGregor M. Phil monitoring and classification chronic hepatitis C and its treatment STI epidemics in South East Asia and treatment of HIV-1 antiretroviral Sowbhagya Somanadhan Capacity building for health research in Co-supervisor: John Kaldor Supervisors: Greg Dore; Alex Thompson Australasia treatment effects on HIV Infection Influence of civil society on HIV policies developing countries (St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne); Gail Supervisors: David Wilson; Philip O’Neil Supervisors: Sean Emery; Janaki Amin; and services in India and the participation Supervisors: John Kaldor; Klara Matthews (University of Nottingham) Andrew Carr (St Vincent’s Hospital) of people living with HIV/AIDS Henderson (Policy Cures) Damian Conway Denise Chee Hsu Samantha McAllery (University of Supervisors: Lisa Maher; Anthony Zwi Elizabeth Mlambo PhD candidates at the Novel approaches to HIV testing for men Using novel biomarkers to define the Sydney) (UNSW) Developing enhanced surveillance and Kirby Institute who have sex with men. role of TB specific effector T cell and TB Proteomics of True de novo HIV in the Dam Anh Tran evaluating available data for monitoring Amit C Achhra Supervisors: Rebecca Guy; Martin Holt specific regulatory T cell in patients with Context of Productive Infection Cost effectiveness of antiretroviral HIV among culturally and linguistically Bio-markers and other predictors of (NCHSR); Andrew Grulich Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and HIV Supervisor: Stuart Turville treatment in Vietnam diverse (CALD) populations living in AIDS and non-AIDS diseases in HIV Laura Cook co- infection Elizabeth Mlambo Supervisors: Lei Zhang; Anthony Australia. observational (cohort) studies Characterisation of T regulatory cells Supervisors: David Cooper; Jintanat Developing enhanced surveillance and Shakeshaft (NDARC); David Wilson; Chris Supervisors: David Wilson; Rebecca Guy Supervisors David Cooper; Janaki Amin; Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Nabila Seddiki Ananworanich (HIVNAT); Tony Kelleher evaluating available data for monitoring Doran (University of Newcastle) Quang Duy Pham Matthew Law Ian Down Tina Iemma HIV among culturally and linguistically Winnie Wing Yin Tong Modelling the emergence of drug-resistant Maryam Alavi Meanings of HIV and ‘safe-sex’ among a The Role of Dynamin-II in HIV diverse (CALD) populations living in Measurement of immune responses to strains of HIV in Viet Nam Barriers to the assessment and treatment sample of recently diagnosed gay men in Pathogenesis Australia. clinically significant viral pathogens in Supervisors: Lei Zhang; David Wilson of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting Australia Supervisors: Stuart Turville; Phillip Supervisors: David Wilson; Rebecca Guy immunocompromised adults Chansavath Phetsouphanh Masters by drug users Supervisors: Garrett Prestage; Jeanne Robinson (University of Sydney) Kristin McBride Supervisors: Andrew Carr (St Vincent’s Research Supervisors: Greg Dore; Jason Grebely Ellard Mofizul Islam Studies of the latent reservoirs of HIV-1 Hospital); Tony Kelleher Re-characterising Antigen specific CD4+ T Hammad Ali Fraser Drummond The impact of targeted primary health care Supervisors: David Cooper; Tony Kelleher; Edward (Ned) Waters Cells to HIV Estimation of the incidence and trends in Chemoprophylaxis for syphilis in MSM - a on injecting drug users’ health Kersten Koelsch The analysis, ecology and implications of Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Nabila Seddiki Chlamydia infection in Australia trial of systemic chemoprophylaxis for Co-supervisor: Libby Topp Hamish McManus HPV variants in HPV related cancers. Lucia Romani M. Phil Supervisors: Rebecca Guy; Basil Donovan; syphilis in HIV positive men who have sex Jennifer Iversen Evaluation of survival in HIV-positive Supervisors: David Regan; David Philp Factors associated with scabies in a highly David Wilson with men Enhanced sentinel sero-surveillance patients (SPHCM); Andrew Grulich; Anthony endemic population

68 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 69 n Collaborating organisations

Supervisors: John Kaldor; Andrew Steer Candidate (Murdoch Childrens Research Institute) HIV and stigma in the United Arab Emirates Bronwyn Silver Masters by Research Supervisor: Garrett Prestage Reproductive health at risk: exploring the Alisa Pedrana (Burnet/ Monash interface between sexual and reproductive University) health in Indigenous women in remote Understanding HIV risk among men who communities have sex with men (MSM) in Australia Supervisors: John Kaldor; Rebecca Guy; Primary supervisor: Mark Stoove, co Alice Rumbold (Menzies School of Health supervisors: Margaret Hellard; Rebecca Guy Research) Tim Read (Melbourne University), PhD James Ward M.Phil Candidate Sexual health and risk factors among Sexually transmitted viruses in men having young Aboriginal people sex with men Supervisors: John Kaldor; Basil Donovan Supervisors: Christopher Fairley; Andrew Grulich Evelien Rouwenhorst (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam) PhD Candidate Honours students at the Gay men’s use of condoms with casual National Kirby Institute partners depends on the extent of their University of Technology, Perth Steven Lim prior acquaintance Association for Prevention and Harm National Centre for Epidemiology and New South Wales siRNA induced Transcriptional gene Supervisor: Garrett Prestage Reduction Programs (ANEX), Melbourne Population Health, Australian National Aboriginal Health and Medical Research silencing of HIV-1 Rachel Sacks-Davis (Monash University) Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health University, Canberra Council of NSW Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Kazuo Suzuki Hepatitis C virus transmission and Medicine, Sydney National Centre for Immunisation Aboriginal Medical Service Co-op Ltd, Daniel Murray progression in cohorts of people who inject Australasian Professional Society on Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Sydney Mapping miRNA changes in the monocytes drugs Alcohol and other drugs (APSAD) Preventable Diseases, Sydney Aboriginal Medical Service Western of HIV-1 infected patients Supervisors: Margaret Hellard and Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, National Centre in HIV Social Research, Sydney, Mount Druitt Village Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Sanjay Campbell Aitken (Burnet Institute); Jason Sydney UNSW, Sydney AIDS Council of NSW (ACON), Sydney, Swaminathan Grebely Australasian Society of Clinical National Drug and Alcohol Research Lismore, Newcastle, Penrith, Port Sowbhagya Somanadhan Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) Primary Centre, UNSW, Sydney Macquarie and Wollongong Influence of civil society on HIV policies Immunodeficiency Register, Sydney National Drug Research Institute, Curtin AIDS Research Initiative, Sydney and services in India and the participation Australia and New Zealand Cardiothoracic University of Technology, Perth Albion Street Centre, Sydney Supervision of non-Kirby of people living with HIV/AIDS Transplant Registry, Sydney National Serology Reference Laboratory, Albury Community Health Centre, Albury Institute students Supervisor: Lisa Maher Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Australia, Melbourne Alcohol and Drug Foundation New South Leon Pierre Botes (The University of Huachun Zou (University of Melbourne), Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), Adelaide National Trachoma Surveillance Wales Sydney) PhD Candidate PhD Candidate Australia and New Zealand Liver Reference Group Area Health Services, NSW Health, Validation of the acceptability and HPV infection in young men who have sex Transplant Registry, Brisbane Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Sydney reliability of self collected anal swabs used with men Australian Agency for International Islander Health (OATSIH), Canberra Asquith Medical Centre, Asquith for cytological screening, to detect anal Supervisors: Marcus Chen (Melbourne); Development (AusAID), Canberra Phase Forward Pty Ltd, Sydney Armajun Aboriginal Health Service squamous intra-epithelial lesions in HIV- Andrew Grulich Australian Centre for Hepatitis and HIV Royal Australian and New Zealand College Incorporated, Inverell positive men who have sex with men Karen Hawke (University of South Virology Research (ACH2), UNSW, Sydney of Psychiatrists Bigge Park Medical Centre, Sydney Supervisor: Richard Hillman; Jeff Jin Australia) Australian Federation of AIDS Therapeutic Goods Administration, Blacktown Needle and Syringe Program Jacqueline Flynn (Monash University) Epidemiology of HIV resistance and Organisations, Sydney Canberra Services, Sydney The stimulation and maintenance of T cell subtypes in South Australia Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Blue Mountains Sexual Health Clinic, responses in acute HCV infection Co-supervisor: John Kaldor Program, Sydney Katoomba Supervisors: Rose Ffrench (Monash Australian Government Department of Burwood Road General Practice, Sydney University); Greg Dore Health and Ageing, Canberra Australian Capital Centenary Institute, Sydney Danielle Horyniak (Monash University) Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users Territory Central Access Service, Sydney (formerly Improving health and reducing harm Bachelor of Medicine, League (AIVL), Canberra ACT Corrective Services, Canberra St George Hospital Needle and Syringe among young people who inject drugs Independent Learning Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, ACT Health Program) Co-supervisor: Peter Higgs Project Canberra AIDS Action Council of the ACT Central Coast Harm Reduction Service, Robert Kemp (University of Queensland) Imesha Indikadahena Australian Liver Association, Sydney Canberra Sexual Health Centre, Canberra Gosford, Long Jetty and Woy Woy Development of the Needle and Syringe Classification and prevalence of mental Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Hospital Centre for Addiction Medicine, Westmead Program in Queensland health disorders and attempted suicide Sydney Canberra Sexual Health Clinic Hospital Co-supervisor: Lisa Maher among injecting drug user cases and age Australian Research Centre in Sex, Communicable Disease Control Program, Centre for Health Initiatives, University of Paul Lam (UNSW Faculty of Medicine) and gender matched controls attending Health and Society, La Trobe University, ACT Health, Canberra Wollongong HIV DNA dynamics in patients switching to general practice Melbourne Directions ACT, Canberra Centre for Health Research in Criminal a raltegravir-containing regimen Kirby supervisor: Jo Kimber Communicable Diseases Network Interchange General Practice, Canberra Justice, Justice Health, NSW Health Supervisors: Kersten Koelsch; Tony Kelleher Natasha Karunaratne (UNSW) Australia, Canberra John Curtin School of Medical Research, Department, Sydney Stephen Lambert (University of The cost of using home-based collection Federal Department of Health and Ageing, Australian National University, Canberra Centre for Infection and Inflammation Queensland) kits for chlamydia re-testing, compared Canberra National Centre in Epidemiology and Research, School of Medical Sciences, Chlamydia in the Australian Defence Forces with returning to the clinic Hepatitis Australia, Canberra Population Health, Australian National UNSW Supervisors: Scott Kitchener (University of Kirby supervisors: Rebecca Guy; Kirsty Immunovirology Research Network University, Canberra Centre for Immunology, St Vincent’s Queensland); Basil Donovan Smith (IVRN), UNSW, Sydney Sexual Health and Family Planning ACT Hospital, Sydney Gregory Londish (on leave of absence) National Aboriginal Community The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Centre for Learning and Change, The Impact of a Male Circumcision Controlled Health Organisation, Canberra Winnunga Nimmityjah Aboriginal Health University of Technology, Sydney Intervention on HIV Epidemics National Association of People Living with Services, Canberra Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Supervisors: John Murray; Matthew Law HIV/AIDS, Sydney Medicine, University of Sydney Loay Othman (La Trobe University), PhD National Drug Research Institute, Curtin Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW

70 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 71 Health Department, Sydney NSW Health Department, Sydney St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Menzies School of Health Research, Brighton Medical Clinic Coffs Harbour Sexual Health Clinic NSW Health Department, AIDS and Research Casuarina South Australia Centre for Population Health, Burnet Concord Hospital, Sydney Infectious Disease Branch, Sydney St Vincent’s Medical Imaging, Sydney Northern Territory Sexual Health and BBV Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Institute, Melbourne Cowra Medical Associates, Cowra NSW Health Department, Mental health Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick Unit Services, South AustraliaAboriginal Centre for Women’s Health, Gender and Discipline of Addiction Medicine, and Drug and Alcohol Office, Sydney Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Northern Territory AIDS and Hepatitis Health Council of South Australia, Inc. Society, Melbourne School of Population University of Sydney, Sydney NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV/ Centre, Sydney C Council, Alice Springs, Darwin and Adelaide Health, University of Melbourne Dr Doong’s Surgery, Burwood AIDS, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Palmerston Aboriginal Health Council of South Deakin Health Economics Unit, Deakin Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology NSW Users and AIDS Association (NUAA), Sydney South Illawarra Health Service Northern Territory Department of Health Australia, Inc. Adelaide University, Melbourne Dubbo Sexual Health Centre, Dubbo Sydney Sydney South West Area Health Service, and Families AIDS Council of South Australia (ACSA), Deakin University,Melbourne Durri Aboriginal Corporation Medical Orange Sexual Health Clinic Sydney Western Diagnostic Pathology Adelaide Department of Health Services, Victoria Service, Kempsey Parramatta Needle and Syringe Program Sydney West Area Health Service, Sydney Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia Department of Microbiology and East Sydney Doctors, Sydney Services, Sydney Sydney West Area Health Service HIV/ (DASSA), Adelaide Immunology, The University of Faculty of Science, University of Sydney Parramatta Sexual Health Clinic, Sydney Hepatitis C Prevention Service, Auburn, Communicable Disease Control Branch, Melbourne, Melbourne First Step Program, Port Kembla and Nowra Perinatal and Reproductive Epidemiology Blacktown, Merrylands, Mt Druitt and Queensland SA Health Harm Reduction Victoria Galambila Aboriginal Health Service Inc, Research Unit, incorporating the National Parramatta AIDS Medical Unit, Queensland Health, Country Health, Adelaide Health Information Exchange, Salvation Coffs Harbour Perinatal Statistics Unit, UNSW Sydney West Area Health Service Clinical Brisbane Department of Health Army, Melbourne Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Port Kembla Sexual Health Clinic, Sexual Health Services Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Flinders Clinical Trials Pharmacy, Health Works, Footscray Sydney Warrawong SydPath, Sydney BungalowBiala Alcohol and Drug Adelaide Indigenous Eye Health Unit, School of Gateway Opioid Treatment Service Clinic, Positive Heterosexuals Tamworth Sexual Health Service, Services, Brisbane Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Population Health, The University of Nepean Hospital Positive Life NSW Tamworth Biala Alcohol and Drug Treatment Harm Minimisation Program, Hindmarsh Melbourne General Medical Practice, Coffs Harbour Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Taree Manning Clinic Services, Brisbane Centre, Adelaide Inner Space, Melbourne Grafton Sexual Health Clinic, Grafton Rankin Court Treatment Centre, Sydney Taylor Square Private Clinic, Sydney Brisbane Sexual Health Clinic Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Institute La Trobe University, Melbourne Greater Southern Area Health Service Resource and Education Program for The Byrne Surgery, Sydney Brisbane Sexual Health & HIV Service of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Melbourne Pathology, Melbourne Harm Reduction Program, Liverpool Injecting Drug Users (REPIDU), Sydney The Cancer Council NSW, Sydney Cairns Base Hospital Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia Inc, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Health ConneXions, Sydney Rotary Club of Drummoyne, Sydney Tresillian Family Care Centres, Cairns Base Hospital NSP Services Adelaide The Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Hepatitis C Clinic, Tamworth Base Hospital Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Canterbury, NSW Cairns ATODS NSP Service O’Brien Street Practice, Adelaide University of Melbourne Hepatitis NSW (formerly Hepatitis C Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney University of New South Wales – School of Cairns Sexual Health Service (also known Positive Life Middle Park Clinic, Melbourne Council of NSW), Sydney Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Clinic 36 Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, as the Dolls House Sexual Health Clinic) Port Adelaide Community Health Service, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne Holden Street Clinic, Gosford Outreach Clinic, Sydney Sydney Clinic 87, Sunshine Coast-Wide Bay Health Port Adelaide Monash University, Melbourne Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Dept of University of New South Wales – School of Service District, Nambour Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Sydney and Byron Bay Immunology Sydney Medial Sciences, Sydney Communicable Disease Unit, Queensland Royal Adelaide Hospital Clinic 275 Melbourne Hunter Harm Reduction Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Drug University of New South Wales – School of Health, Brisbane Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) National Reference Laboratory Newcastle Health Services, Sydney Psychology Gladstone Road Medical Centre, Brisbane Services, Internal Medicine Service, Royal Nexpep, Victoria Hunter New England Sexual Health Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Regent University of Sydney – Discipline of Gold Coast Hospital, Southport Adelaide Hospital North Richmond Drug Safety Program, Service House Outreach Clinic, Sydney Addiction Medicine, Sydney Gold Coast Sexual Health Clinic, Miami Shine SA (Sexual Health Information Melbourne Hunter Pharmacotherapy Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Sexual University of Technology – Faculty of Arts Goondir Health Service, Dalby Networking and Education Inc) Northcote Clinic, Melbourne Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service Health Clinic, Sydney and Social Sciences Healthy Communities South Australian Health Department Northside Clinic, Fitzroy North Aboriginal Corporation, Wollongong Sax Institute, Sydney University of Technology – Faculty of Kobi House, Toowoomba South Australian Voice for Intravenous People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), Illawarra Sexual Health, Port Kembla School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Nursing, Midwifery and Health Peel Street ATODS, QEII Hospital, Brisbane Education (SAVIVE) Noarlunga, Norwood, Melbourne John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle Sciences, UNSW, Sydney UNSW Cancer Research Centre, integrated Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Queensland Parks, Port Adelaide Prahran Market Clinic, Melbourne Justice Health, NSW Health Department, School of Mathematics, UNSW, Sydney cancer research group Branch Tullawon Health Service, Yalata Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Sydney School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Wagga Wagga Community Health Centre Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane University of Adelaide Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne K2 Health Service, Sydney Sydney Wellington Aboriginal Corp Health Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane School of Population Health, The Kirketon Road Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Service, Wellington Princess Alexandra Sexual Health, South University of Melbourne, Melbourne Kite Street Community Health Centre, Sydney Western Sydney Aboriginal Medical Brisbane Straight Arrows Orange School of Public Health and Community Service Mt Druitt Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Tasmania St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore Medicine, UNSW, Sydney Westmead Hospital, Sydney Health Council, Brisbane Anglicare NSP Services, Glenorchy and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Lismore/ Tweed Heads Sexual Health Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP), Westmead Millennium Institute for Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research Hobart The Centre Clinic, Melbourne & AIDS Services (also known as Sexual Sydney Medical Research, Sydney and Education Centre Clarence Community Health Service, The University of Melbourne Health and Infectious Diseases Service Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Woodlands Clinic, Blue Mountains Anzac Queensland Health, Brisbane Hobart Victorian Aboriginal Community (SHAIDS), Lismore) Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Memorial Hospital, Katoomba Queensland Injectors Health Network Department of Health and Human Controlled Health Organisation, Melbourne Liverpool Hospital, Sydney South Court Primary Care Needle and (QuIHN), Brisbane, Gold Coast and Services Tasmania Victorian Aboriginal Health Service, Liverpool Sexual Health Clinic, Sydney Syringe Program, Sydney Sunshine Coast Hobart, Devonport and Launceston Sexual Fitzroy Manly Sexual Health Clinic South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Queensland Positive People Health Service Victorian AIDS Council/Gay Men’s Health Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C (SEALS), Prince of Wales Hospital Northern Territory Queensland University of Technology, Royal Hobart Hospital Centre (GMHC), Melbourne Service, Sydney South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Brisbane Salvation Army Launceston, Launceston Victorian Cytology Service Inc, Melbourne Nepean Hospital, Sydney Health Service, NSW Health Department, Services, Northern Territory Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Tasmanian Council on AIDS, Hepatitis and Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Nepean Sexual Health Clinic Sydney Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Brisbane Related Diseases (TasCAHRD), Hobart Laboratory, Melbourne North Coast Area Health Service, Harm South West Area Health Service, Eastern Northern Territory, Darwin Spiritus Positive Directions Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre, Hobart Wellness Centre Medical Clinic, Malvern Reduction Services Division AIDS/STI Program, Disease Control, Sunshine Coast and Cooloola HIV/Sexual East North Coast Area Health Service, Lismore South West Area Health Service, Western Department of Health and Community Health Service, Nambour Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, North Sydney Medical Practice, North Division Services, Darwin Townsville Aboriginal and Islanders Melbourne, Victoria Sydney SpeeDx Pty Ltd, Sydney Alice Springs Sexual Health Service Clinic 34 Health Services Ltd, Townsville Victoria Northern Sydney Central Coast Area St George Hospital, Sydney Communicable Disease Centre, Royal Townsville ATODS NSP Service Barwon Drug and Alcohol Services, Health Service, NSW Health Department, St George Hospital Short Street Sexual Darwin Hospital, Darwin Townsville Health Services Geelong Sydney Health Clinic Darwin Sexual Health Service West Moreton Sexual Health Service, QLD Burnet Institute, Melbourne (formerly Western Australia NSW Centre for Health Record Linkage, St Leonards Medical Centre Family Planning Northern Territory, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Sydney St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Coconut Grove Research and Public Health) Services, Western Australia

72 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 73 Aboriginal Health Council of Western Prevention, USA Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Minhang District CDC, Shanghai, China Centre for Disease Control & Prevention Australia, Perth Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Hospital Almenara, Lima, Peru Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok Collaboration (TUC) Bangkok Centre for Clinical Immunology and Behaviour, London School of Hygiene & Hospital Central, Mendoza, Argentina Muirhouse Medical Group, Edinburgh, UK Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok Biomedical Statistics, Perth Tropical Medicine, UK Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, National Cancer Institute, National Toronto General Research Institute, Communicable Diseases Control Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Buenos Aires Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA Toronto, Canada Directorate, Department of Health, Perth London Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru National Center for Global Health and Toronto Hospital, Canada Curtin University of Technology Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai, Hospital General de Agudos JM Ramos Medicine, Tokyo, Japan TREAT Asia, American Foundation for Data Linkage Western Australia, Perth Thailand Mejia, Buenos Aires National Center for HIV/AIDS, AIDS Research (amFAR), Bangkok, Department of Health, Western Australia Chiang Rai Regional Hospital, Chiang Rai, Hospital General de Agudos Juan A Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Thailand and New York, USA Derbarl Yerrigan Health Service, Perth Thailand Fernandez, Buenos Aires Phnom Penh Tsinghua University Duncraig Medical Centre, Duncraig Children Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Min City, Hospital General de Agudos Teodoro National Health Laboratory Services, Uduyana University, Sanglah Hospital, Fremantle Hospital Vietnam Álvarez, Buenos Aires University of Witwatersrand, Bali Fremantle Hospital Sexual Health Service Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Min City, Hospital General de Guadelajara, Mexico Johannesburg UNAIDS, Geneva Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services Vietnam Hospital General de Leon, Mexico National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada Council, Broome Chonburi Regional Hospital, Chonburi, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Juan National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, University Health Network, Toronto, Murdoch University, Perth Thailand de Dios, La Plata, Argentina USA Canada National Drug Research Institute, Curtin Chongqing Medical University, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Technology ChongQing, China Oscar Alende, Mar del Plata, Argentina Hanoi, Vietnam Kuala Lumpur Royal Perth Hospital, Perth Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi University of British Columbia Royal Perth Hospital, Centre for Clinical Soweto, South Africa Aires, Argentina National Institute of Allergy and University of California, San Diego Immunology and Biomedical Statistics Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of University of California, San Francisco Royal Perth Hospital Sexual Health Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Hospital Paroissien, Buenos Aires, Argentina Health, Bethesda, USA Université Laval, Quebec, Canada Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Jakarta Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia National Institute of Hygiene and University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA Clinical Immunology Concept Center for Addiction Treatment, Hospital Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Munich, Germany Hospital Nacional Prof Dr Alejandro National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA Program, Department of Health, Perth Concerted Action on Seroconversion to Posadas, Buenos Aires National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, University of Oxford, UK University of Western Australia, Perth AIDS and Death in Europe (CASCADE) Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, USA University of Toronto, Canada Western Australian AIDS Council (WAAC), and its contributors, Coordinating Unit, Kelantan, Malaysia National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei US Centres for Disease Control (CDC), Perth London Hospital Rawson, Bajada Pucara, Argentina New Hope for Cambodian Children, Vietnam Western Australia Country Health Service Copenhagen HIV Programme, Hvidovre Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, Santiago, Chile Phnom Penh Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute (WACHS), Perth University Hospital, Copenhagen Hospital Sungai Buloh, Kuala Lumpur Nottingham University Hospitals NHS (VGTI) Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA Western Australian Substance Users Cornell University, New York Hunan Provincial CDC, Hunan, China Trust, Nottingham, UK Waikato Hospital, Hamilton NZ Association (WASUA), Perth Department of HIV/GUM Research, Imperial College, St Mary’s Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway The World Bank Brighton, UK London Papua New Guinea Institute for Medical The World Health Organisation, Geneva Department of Social Medicine, University Infections and Immunity, Avenir Group, Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea YRG Centre for AIDS Research and of Bristol, UK Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Université Pierre Papua New Guinea National AIDS Council Education, Chennai, India International Division of Infectious Diseases, et Marie Curie-Paris, France Papua New Guinea National Department Yuxi Prefecture CDC, Yunnan, China Academic Medical Centre, University of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Infectious Disease, Pune, India of Health Zentrum für Suchtmedizin ZfS, Basel, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University College of Medicine, Seoul Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Partners AIDS Research Center, Boston Switzerland AIDS Task Force of Fiji Division of Statistics, School of Public Belgium Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium American Foundation for AIDS Research Health, University of Minnesota, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Nigeria ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belguim (amfAR), New York Minneapolis, USA von Humboldt, Lima, Peru Praxiszentrum Im Tal (PIT), Ludwig- ARUD (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Evangel Hospital, Jos, Nigeria Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Maximilians-Univesitat, Munich, risikoarmen Umgang mit Drogen), Zurich, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Nutricion Salvador Zubrián, Mexico City Germany Switzerland University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Integrated Treatment Centre, Hong Kong Providence Health Care, Vancouver Pharmaceutical and Asian Network of People Who Use Drugs East Toronto Hepatitis C Program, International AIDS Society, Geneva Public Health Service (GGD), Amsterdam, biomedical industry (ANPUD) Toronto, Canada International Consortium of Investigators the Netherlands Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, Sydney Avdeling Spesialiserte Ruspoliklinikker, ESPOO Treatment and Rehabilitation Working on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Almac Norway A-Clinic, Finland Epidemiologic Studies (InterLymph) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd, Sydney Bacj Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Faculté Créteil Henri Mondor, Créteil, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Harvard, Boston, USA Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Bangkok France Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol Melbourne Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University Nigeria University, Bangkok Calimmune, USA UK and Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, JOSHA Research, Bloemfontein, South Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel CSL Limited, Melbourne Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing Indonesia Africa Research Institute for Health Science, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Family Health International (FH), Cambodia JW Goethe Universität, Frankfurt Chiang Mai, Thailand GlaxoSmithKline Australia, Melbourne Jos, Nigeria Fundacion Arriaran, Santiago, Chile Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Saint Dizier Hospital, France Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd, Sydney British Columbia Centre for Disease Fundacion Centro de Estudios Thailand Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia Johnson & Johnson Research Pty Ltd, Control, Vancouver, Canada Infectologicos (FUNCEI), Clinica La Koda Bern/Poliklinik Fur Infektiologe, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok Sydney British Columbia Centre for Excellence in Sagrada Familia, Buenos Aires Bern Switzerland South Riverdale Community Health Matrix Laboratories, Hyderabad, India HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada Gemeinschaftspraxis Jessen, Berlin, Kumamoto Univeristy, Japan Centre, Toronto, Canada Merck Sharp and Dohme, Sydney Brown University, Providence, USA Germany Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney Calgary Regional Health Authority, German Cancer Research Center, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, USA Roche Pharmaceuticals Canada Heidelberg Dublin St Luc Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de Roche Products Pty Ltd, Sydney Cambodian Women’s Development Harvard University, Boston Medical Group Practice, Berlin l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Canada Schering Plough Pty Ltd, Sydney Association (CWDA) HIV Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Copenhagen ViiV Healthcare, Sydney Canadian Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Unit, London Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona Bangkok Medisch Sociaal Opvang Centrum Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Israel Centers for Disease Control and Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris (MSOC) Antwerp, Belgium Thai Ministry of Public Health/US

74 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 75 n funding

Public Health Fellowship for Peter Higgs 73,813 PRF - Andrew Grulich 140,559 SPRF - John Kaldor 158,972 SPRF - Lisa Maher 116,182 Training Fellowship for Anna Olsen 146,321 The following list describes the actual funding that was provided to the Kirby Institute in the 2011 year. Training Fellowship for Andrew Vallely 81,223 Training Fellowship for David Templeton 44,362 Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing Research activities for blood borne virus and sexually transmissible infections 3,879,917 NHMRC - Program Grant Subcontract Establishment and maintenance of a trachoma surveillance and reporting unit 242,703 University of Sydney: Building research capacity for health interventions to improve Aboriginal health 56,750 University of Melbourne: Using mathematical models to assess impact of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections in Australia 120,000 Other grants and contracts from public sources American Foundation for AIDS Research: NSW Health Department A randomised open-label study of second-line combination ART 225,739 Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study (ACHOS) 141,088 TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme (TAQAS) 93,597 Chlamydia Literature Review 75,000 TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance (TASER) 150,181 Mapping of the community networks and groups among men who has sex with men in NSW (The Mapping Study) 25,000 TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database (TApHOD) 179,985 NCHECR HIV Surveillance and Epidemiology Support 125,000 AusAID: Improving HIV/AIDS surveillance and evaluation in China 33,770 NPA-IH Aboriginal Hepatitis C Project 25,000 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Evaluation of the improving sexual health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth NPA-IECD Aboriginal Sexual/Reproductive Health Project 25,000 demonstration projects 13,018 NSW Aboriginal Sexual Health and BBV Research Study - Stage One (SHIMMER) 40,850 Australian Red Cross Society: Monitoring transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors 23,376 The eTEST Project: An initiative to enhance STI Testing in gay men 223,669 The HIV Seroconversion Study 53,853 Australian Research Council (ARC): Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 20,500 Improving health & criminal justice outcomes among Australia’s offender population using a multi-disciplinary, all of government approach 351,386 NSW Department of Health/NHMRC Partnership Project Partner Contribution – Evaluation of a model for assessment and In vivo molecular imaging using engineered affinity reagents and fluorescent laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy 125,555 treatment of hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in the opiate pharmacotherapy setting (ETHOS) 350,000 Planning female and male vaccination and cervical screening strategies to achieve optimal prevention of HPV-related disease (Project) 66,079 Planning female and male vaccination and cervical screening strategies to achieve optimal prevention of HPV-related disease (APAI) 27,651 Other State Health Department Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous people 206,275 ACT Health - Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 2,000 Using mathematical modelling to inform HIV/AIDS public health policy 181,524 Queensland Health - Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 25,000 Understanding spatial trends in HIV/AIDS infections in South Africa and Australia 77,762 Queensland Health - Study of risk factors for HIV seroconversion 46,477 Australian Society for HIV Medicine: A Prospective cohort study of Hepatitis C treatment delivery in primary care settings 21,675 Tasmania Health & Human Services - Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 3,000 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: ENCORE: Evaluation of Novel Concepts in Optimization of Antiretroviral Efficacy 2,730,827 Victoria Health - Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 31,000 Curtin University of Technology: National prison entrants’ bloodborne virus (BBV) and risk behaviour survey 59,466 Western Australia Health - Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 3,000 Dept of State & Regional Development to Industry & Investment NSW – Infrastructure Funding agreement with St Vincent’s Hospital 1,609,008 Western Australia Health - Study of risk and HIV among men who have sex with men in Western Australia 14,915 European Medicines Evaluation Agency: Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study 66,268 Queensland University of Technology/Department of Employment: Economic Development and Innovation - JTA International Pty Ltd (AusAID subcontract): National and International Research Alliances Program Shared Grant/Subcontract Australia-Canada-India Chlamydia Papua New Guinea-Australia HIV & AIDS program 29,250 Research Alliance Improved detection treatment and control of chlamydial infections 35,000 Qualitative longitudinal study to investigate masculinity sexuality and agency among male youth in PNG 132,100 Schering-Plough Research Institute: Health Liver Campaign 360,368 Medical Research Council, UK: SPARTAC Study 101,047 The Cancer Council NSW - Strategic Research Partnership Grant with University of Sydney – Towards a strategic partnership (STREP) 50,000 Medlmmune Limited - Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Partner: In vivo molecular imaging using engineered affinity reagents The University of Melbourne - Collaborative Agreement from Department of Health & Ageing – Evaluation of Chlamydia Pilot and fluorescent laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy 92,397 in General Practice (ACCEPt) 242,393 UNAIDS: Evaluating the effectiveness of needle and syringe programs in Eastern Europe 33,681 NHMRC University of Basel: Swiss HIV Cohort Study - Myocardial infarction, assessment of antiretroviral and genetic factors in human Capacity Building Grant - From Broome to Berrima: Building Australia-wide research capacity in Indigenous offender health, health care delivery 39,652 immunodeficiency virus infection MAGNIFICENT 4,239 CCRE in Aboriginal Health: Blood borne viral and sexually transmitted infection 296,487 US National Institutes of Health: Treatment of recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection (ATAHC 2) 327,842 Partnership Project Grant - Evaluation of a model for assessment and treatment of hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in the opiate pharmacotherapy setting (ETHOS) 538,241 US National Institutes of Health Subcontract Program Grant - HIV & HCV vaccines and immunopathogenesis 1,633,146 American Foundation for AIDS Research: TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (APHOD) 356,196 Program Grant - Sexually Transmitted Infections 1,158,888 University of California, San Francisco Institute for Global Health: Culture and HIV Prevention in Cambodia 16,458 Project Grant - A randomised trial to control sexually transmitted infections in remote Aboriginal communities 212,008 University of Minnesota: INSIGHT - Leadership 323,543 Project Grant - Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal transmission for acute HCV infection within high-risk populations 130,639 University of Minnesota: INSIGHT - FLU 002 & FLU 003 300,637 Project Grant - Hepatitis C, Prisons and Treatment Opportunities (HePATO) 40,551 University of Minnesota: START Study 424,871 Project Grant - Hepatitis C Vaccine Preparedness Study 242,343 University of Minnesota: STALWART Study 48,092 Project Grant - Modelling and economic evaluation of hepatitis C epidemic mitigation strategies in Australia 155,079 Subrecipient Agreement with University of Maryland, Baltimore: Eco-Pathogenomics of Chlamydial Reproductive Tract Infection 33,097 Project Grant - Modelling the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV transmission to inform public health policy 186,329 World Bank (USA): Evaluation of HIV Epidemics and Programs in Asia 180,658 Project Grant - Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who have sex with men in Australia 214,576 Project Grant - Viral load, HIV treatment, and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male homosexual couples 191,883 Pharmaceutical Industry Funding CSL Limited 92,967 Research Fellows: Gilead Science Pty Ltd 20,000 Practitioner Fellowship for Basil Donovan 104,745 Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd 14,820 Practitioner Fellowship for Greg Dore 87,318 Merck Sharp & Dohme 1,194,803 Practitioner Fellowship for Tony Kelleher 74,844 Pfizer Inc 3,410,555 Postgraduate Scholarship for Bethany White 25,110 Pfizer Inc via Quintiles Pty Ltd 49,901 Postgraduate Scholarship for Tina Iemma 25,110 Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd via Quintiles Pty Ltd 3,871 Public Health Fellowship for Bette Liu 81,448 Public Health Fellowship for Rebecca Guy 73,813 Total 25,925,287

76 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 77 n RESEAE C H GRANTS

$326,006 Poynten M. Serological studies of Human Wilson D. Evaluation of HIV Epidemics Papillomavirus infection in gay Australian and Programs in Asia. World Bank (USA). Iemma T. The role of Dynamin-2 in HIV men. NHMRC Training Fellowship Funds. 2011-2013. pathogenesis. NHMRC Postgraduate 2011-2014. US$1,781,826 Research Scholarship. 2011-2013. $135,016 $62,375 Wilson D. Monitoring transfusion Poynten M. Serological studies of Human transmissible infections among blood Jin F. Anogenital human papillomavirus Papillomavirus infection in gay Australian donors. Australian Red Cross Society. infection and its outcomes in men. men NHMRC Training Fellowship Funds 2011-2012. NHMRC Training Fellowship. 2011-2012. (Direct Research Costs).2011-2014. $35,962 $137,626 $10,000 Wilson D. National and International Jin F. Anogenital human papillomavirus Prestage G. The HIV Seroconversion Study. Research Alliances Program Shared infection and its outcomes in men NHMRC NSW Health. 2011. Grant/Subcontract Australia-Canada- Training Fellowship (Direct Research $53,853 India Chlamydia Research Alliance Costs). 2011-2012. Improved detection treatment and control $10,000 Templeton D. The presence and progression of chlamydial infections. Queensland of anal pre-cancerous abnormalities in University of Technology/Department of The following list describes grants Dore G, Clark P. Individualising care of Shared Grant. Burnet Institute/NHMRC Kaldor J. Establishment and maintenance mature-aged homosexual men. NHMRC Employment, Economic Development and that were awarded to Kirby Institute patients with chronic hepatitis C. NHMRC 2011-2013 of a trachoma surveillance and reporting Training Fellowship Funds. 2011-2014. Innovation. 2011-2013. researchers commencing in 2011. Postgraduate Research Scholarship. 2011- $88,392 unit (Trachoma) Department of Health $132,013 $105,000 2012. and Ageing. 2011-2013. Butler T. From Broome to Berrima: $54,125 Emery S. A randomised open-label study $540,635 Templeton D. The presence and Wilson D. NCHECR HIV Surveillance and Building Australia-wide research capacity of second-line combination ART. American progression of anal pre-cancerous Epidemiology Support. NSW Health. in Indigenous offender health and health Dore G, Dalgard O, Grebely J, Moussalli Foundation for AIDS Research. 2011. Kaldor J. Papua New Guinea-Australia HIV abnormalities in mature-aged homosexual $300,000 care delivery. NHMRC Capacity Building J, Bruggmann P, Robaeys G, Swan T. US$225,000 & AIDS program. JTA International Pty Ltd men (Direct Research Costs). NHMRC Grant. NHMRC 2011-2014 A phase IV open-labelled multi-centre, (AusAID subcontract). 2011 Training Fellowship Funds. 2011-2014. Zablotska-Manos I. Mapping of the $1,578,004 international trial of response guided Emery S. Multicentre randomised clinical $29,250 $8,000 community networks and groups among treatment with directly observed trial to examine the safety and efficacy men who has sex with men in NSW (The Butler T. ARC Future Fellowship. pegylated alpha 2b and self-administered of switching to maraviroc based cART Law M. Asia Pacific HIV Research Turville S. Dissemination of HIV and Mapping Study). NSW Health. 2011. Improving health and criminal justice ribavirin for patients with chronic HCV in patients with stable HIV disease who Collaboration: Cancer Studies. American establishment of cellular reservoirs $35,000 outcomes among Australia’s offender genotype 2 or 3 infection and ongoing are treated successfully with 2xN(t) Foundation for AIDS Research. 2011-2012 during transmission. NHMRC Career population using a multi-disciplinary, all injection drug use (ACTIVATE). Merck, RTI_NNRTI or PI therapy - MARCH Study. US$26,655 Development Award. 2011-2013. Total of government approach. 2011-2013. Sharp and Dohme Australia. 2011-2013. Pfizer Inc. 2011-2013. $258,619 $23,056,970 $437,672 $1,429,153 US$8,777,808 Law M. Asia Pacific HIV Research Collaboration: Tuberculosis Studies. Turville S. HIV assembly, transport, egress Butler T. Hepatitis C, Prisons and Dore G. Evaluation of a model for Gidding H. Report on data from Australian American Foundation for AIDS Research. and transfer from infected dendritic cells. Treatment Opportunities (HePATO). assessment and treatment of hepatitis C Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study. 2011-2012 NHMRC Project Grant. 2011. NHMRC Project Grant. 2011. virus among injecting drug users in the Janssen-Cilag. 2011. US$68,003 $86,759 $198,929 opiate pharmacotherapy setting (ETHOS). $400. NHMRC Partnership Project Grant. 2011- Law M. Australian Chronic Hepatitis Vallely A. Longitudinal HIV and STI Butler T. Improving health and criminal 2014. Grulich A. Viral load, HIV treatment, and Observational Study (ACHOS). NSW prevention research for improved sexual justice outcomes among Australia’s $1,405,144 HIV transmission in serodiscordant male Health. 2011 health in Melanesia. NHMRC Training offender population using a multi- homosexual couples. NHMRC Project $141,088 Fellowship Funds. 2011-2014. disciplinary, all of government approach Dore G. Evaluation of a model for Grant. 2011-2015. $300,032 (infrastructure). ARC Future Fellowship. assessment and treatment of hepatitis $1,381,973 Liu B. Identifying predisposing factors 2011-2013. C virus among injecting drug users in for, and the consequences of, common Vallely A. Longitudinal HIV and STI $198,108 the opiate pharmacotherapy setting - Guy R. A randomised controlled trial and emerging infectious diseases in a prevention research for improved sexual (ETHOS). NSW Department of Health/ to evaluate the effectiveness and cost- large prospective cohort study of adults. health in Melanesia NHMRC Training Butler T. National prison entrants’ NHMRC Partnership Project Partner effectiveness of chlamydia testing in Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundation/ Fellowship Funds. (Direct Research Costs). bloodborne virus (BBV) and risk behaviour Contribution. 2011-2015. general practice. Shared NHMRC Project Establishment Gift. 2011. 2011-2014 survey. Curtin University of Technology. $1,000,000 Grant .NHMRC/University of Melbourne $74,688 $20,000 2011. 2011-2014 $59,446 Dore G. Healthy Liver Campaign. $20,252 Maher L. International Collaborative of Vallely A. Qualitative longitudinal study Schering-Plough Research Institute. 2011. prospective studies of HIV and Hepatitis in to investigate masculinity sexuality Cooper DA, Hsu D. Using a new test that $360,368 Guy R. A randomised trial of rapid point- IDU. National Institute of Health (NIH) - and agency among male youth in PNG. detects antigen specific recall immune of-care tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea Shared Grant with University of California, JTA International Pty Ltd (AusAID response to further understand the Dore G. International Collaborative of infections in remote Aboriginal San Francisco. 2011. subcontract). 2011. process of immune recovery in patients on prospective studies of HIV and Hepatitis in communities. NHMRC Project Grant: US $13,306 $259,150 treatment for HIV and in the diagnosis of IDU. National Institute of Health (NIH) - 2011-2014. $758,020 latent TB. NHMRC Postgraduate Research Shared Grant with University of California, Matthews GV, Gaudieri S, Applegate T, Ward J. NPA-IECD Aboriginal Sexual/ Scholarship. 2011-2013. San Francisco. 2011. Guy R. Chlamydia Literature Review. NSW Grebely J, Lucas M, Dore GJ, Hellard Reproductive Health Project. NSW Health. $45,186 US$13,306 Health. 2011. M. Evaluation of naturally occurring 2011-2014 $50,000 resistance to Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs $499,997 Donovan B. Long-term national surveillance Dore G. Reducing the health, social and (DAAs) in individuals with acute hepatitis for genital warts through Australian sexual economic burden of injecting drug use in Guy R. The eTEST Project: An initiative C infection. NHMRC Project Grant. 2011- Ward J. NPA-IH Aboriginal Hepatitis C health services. CSL Limited 2011-2012 Australia Scholarship for Maryam Salehi to enhance STI Testing in gay men. NSW 2012. Project. NSW Health. 2011-2013. $136,364 Alavi. Centres of Research Excellence Health. 2011-2013. $325,142 $94,767

78 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 79 n C PRESENTATIONS ONFEREN C E

Sources of infections and National Mooney-Somers J, Olsen A, Erick W, Scott Signature resistance mutations to directly Intervention Impact Projections R, Akee A, Kaldor J, Maher L. Through acting antiviral agents occur at low (Montreux, Switzerland, April) our eyes: Young Indigenous people’s blood prevalence in treatment naïve subjects Wilson DP. What decision-makers need to borne and sexually transmitted infection with recently acquired HCV know about epidemics. prevention practices. Grebely J, Feld JJ, Matthews GV, Ward J, Arizmendi C, Bryant J, Kaldor J, Applegate T, Hellard M, Suppiah V, Pitts M, Smith A, Worth H. The GOANNA Sherker A, Petoumenos K, Shaw I, EUROGIN Conference (Lisbon, May) Survey (younG Aboriginal and TOrres StrAit Yeung B, Rawlinson W, Booth D, Kaldor Donovan B. Real life impact: quadrivalent IslaNder National sexual heAlth survey). JM, George J, Lloyd AR and Dore GJ on HPV vaccination and genital warts in Ward J. Health Service Research to behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. IP-10 is Australia. combat STIs in Aboriginal communities. Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Ward J. Supporting research in Aboriginal Recent Hepatitis C Virus Infection communities. Luciani F, Teutsch S, Topp L, McCredie 4th International In Sickness & In L, Levy M, Dolan K, Lloyd A and HITS Health Conference (Odense, Denmark, investigators. ‘Bloody’ prisons – predictors of May) ARCS Sydney Scientific Congress risk behaviour, HCV incidence, and infection Health, Wellness and Society modelling and experimental data Spelman T, Pedrana A, Bowden S, Grotowski M, Taylor S, Ward J, Croker A. (Sydney, May) outcome in high-risk IDU prisoners. Conference (Berkeley, January) associated with chlamydia infections. Bharadwaj M, Usha N, Vijayaprakash S, “It’s OK for some”: What happens when Seneviratne N, Puls R, Humphries Olsen A. Unlearning research practices: George J, Drummer H, Aitken C. Reducing patients don’t fit the directed model of A, Haskelberg H, Petoumenos K, Developing and implementing a feasibility the impact of hepatitis C infection: care? Courtney-Vega K, Emery S. Assessing site Annual Clinical Meeting of the Society pilot on hepatitis B within a remote 15th International Workshop on HIV deciphering how and why it spreads. performance in a multinational clinical of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Aboriginal Australian community. Observational Databases (Prague, March) Maher L, Phlong P, Mooney-Somers J, trial. Canada (Vancouver, June) Wright ST, Carr A, Woolley I, Giles M, Phal S, Couture MC, Sansothy N, Bates 1st International Congress on Donovan B. Real life impact: quadrivalent Hoy J, Cooper DA, Law MG. CD4 Cell A, Page K. A hard sell - safe sex in unsafe Controversies in Viral Hepatitis HPV vaccination and genital warts in 14th Bangkok International Symposium Responses to combination antiretroviral spaces: Negotiating the sex work risk (Barcelona, May) 20th World Congress for Sexual Health Australia. on HIV Medicine (Bangkok January) therapy in patients starting therapy at high environment in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Dore GJ. Hepatitis B: any controversies left? (Glasgow, June) Kelleher AD. Chronic Immune Activation: CD4 cell counts. Prestage GP, Down I, Brown G, Hurley M. important co-morbidities in HIV disease. Desire and Risk: Sick, Bad, or Hot? International Seminar on Evidence- Kelleher AD. Molecular Laboratory Design 12th International Workshop on Clinical Papua New Guinea HIV Modelling based Programmes for Reproductive and Layout. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Modelling Pharmacology of HIV Therapy (Miami, Meeting, (Port Moresby, May) Health and HIV Interventions (Bali, Kelleher AD. Update on Infectious Meeting (Montreux, Switzerland, March) April) Gray RT. Overview of the PNG HIV Model. First International HIV Social Science June) Molecular Assay. Wilson DP. Oral PrEP for men who have Else LJ, Jackson A, Puls R, Hill A, Fahey Gray RT. Calibration of the PNG HIV and Humanities Conference (Durban, Kaldor J. Bridging research and policy. Matthews GV: Managing HIV-HCV sex with men. P, Lin E, Amara A, Siccardi M, Tjia J, Model. June) coinfection in resource limited settings. Emery S, Khoo S, Back DJ, Boffito M. Gray RT. PNG HIV Model Preliminary Prestage GP. Pleasure and Risk: ‘Intensive Pharmacokinetics of plasma lamivudine Results. Sex Partying’ Among Gay Men. Australian Federation of AIDS Sydney Clinic Current Issues in (3TC), and its active intracellular Organisations National Forum (Sydney, UNAIDS Europe and Central Asia Medicine and Psychiatry Conference anabolite 3TC-triphosphate (3TC-TP) June) Regional NSP economic evaluation 2011 (Sydney, March) over a 24 hour dosing interval following Papua New Guinea HIV Stakeholder 40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Murray JM. HIV and Ageing: Implications workshop (Chisinau, Moldova, January) Dore GJ. Five Viruses: Swine flu, HIV, administration of 3TC 300 mg and 150 mg Conference (Port Moresby, May) Society of Academic Primary Care for Health Promotion Workers. Wilson DP. Evaluating the cost- HAV, HBV, HCV once daily (od) to HIV-negative healthy Wilson DP. Use of a public health HIV (Bristol, June) effectiveness of Australia’s needle-syringe volunteers. The ENCORE2 Study. epidemic model for PNG. Temple-Smith M, Poznanski S, Vaisey programs: the big picture. A, Wood A, Walker J, Hocking J, Low 2nd International Nanomedicine Wilson DP. Evaluating effectiveness: Ministerial Advisory Committee on N, Donovan B, Gunn J, Law M, Kaldor Conference (Sydney, July) ecological analyses and mathematical HIV and STIs – Health Promotion Sub- Dissemination meeting evaluation 3rd CRIAH Aboriginal Health Research J, Guy R, Fairley CK. Chlamydia Murray JM. Can an anti-HIV gene therapy transmission modelling. Committee (Sydney, March) of epidemiological impact of harm Conference (Sydney, May) screening: managing barriers to a complex be effective and avoid the outgrowth of Wilson DP. Evaluating effectiveness: Gray RT, Down I. NSW HIV Modelling & reduction programs on HIV in Vietnam Garton L, Ward J, Rumbold A, Guy intervention in the general practice setting. resistant virus? disease stages and translation to economic Acceptability. (Hanoi, April) R, Silver B, Taylor-Thomson D, Hengel analyses. Wilson DP. NSW HIV modelling and Wilson DP. Evaluation of the B, Knox J, McGregor S, McDermott R, Wilson DP. Conducting simple epidemic acceptability study findings. epidemiological impact of harm reduction Maher L, Donovan B, Fairley C, Skov Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis 13th International Workshop on and economic evaluations. programs on HIV in Vietnam. S, Boffa J, Ah Chee D, Kaldor J. STI in Virology Research (ACH2) 7th annual Adverse Drug Reactions and Co- Wilson DP. Use of UNAIDS-UNSW Wilson DP. Improving data collection in remote communities: improved and workshop (Sunshine Coast: June) morbidities in HIV (Rome, July) software for evaluating NSPs. 46th Annual Meeting of the European Vietnam. enhanced primary health care. Applegate T, Gaudieri S, Pham S, White P, Haskelberg H, Hoy J, Amin J, Ebeling Wilson DP. Data requirements and Association for the Study of the Liver Graham S, Guy R, Knox J, Wand H, Grebely J, Hellard M, Suppiah V, George PR, Emery S, Carr on behalf of the STEAL interpretation for evaluating public health (EASL) (Berlin, March-April) Kaldor J, Ward J. Sexual Health Quality J, Lloyd A, Dore GJ and Matthews GV Study Group. Lower fat mass and lower programs. Dore GJ. Liver disease mortality in Communicable Diseases Control Improvement Program in Aboriginal Impact of host and viral characteristics bone formation predict greater bone loss substance users EASL/INHSU workshop: Conference (Canberra, April) Community Controlled Health Services in on treatment outcome within hepatitis C with tenofovir in HIV-infected adults. Every-day problems in substance users Ward J. Infectious Diseases in Aboriginal NSW. virus transmission clusters in HIV positive Canadian Association for the Study infected with hepatitis C viral infection and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Harrod ME, Graham S, Kaldor J, individuals with recently acquired HCV of the Liver Annual Winter Meeting Title: Ensuring we close all the gaps in Donovan B, Ward J. Completeness of Applegate T, Gaudieri S, Pham S, White Mt Sinai Adolescent Health Unit (New (Vancouver, February) Indigenous Health in Australia STI and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander P, Hellard M, Suppiah V, George J, York, July) Grebely J HCV treatment in marginalized 22nd International Conference BBV Research. Status in Sexually Transmissible Infections Lloyd A, Dore G and Matthews G. HCV Donovan B, Guy R, Ali H, Grulich A, populations International Harm Reduction (STI) and Blood-borne Virus (BBV) transmission clusters in HIV + patients Regan D, Wand H, Fairley C. A national Association (IHRA) (Beirut, April) Notifications in Australia. Gaudieri S, Applegate T, Tschochner program with a national impact: Harris M, Rhodes T, Treloar C, Maher L. AFAO forum: HIV and African Hui B, Ward J, Wilson D, Guy R, Hocking M, Plauzolles A, Pfafferott K, Lucas M, quadrivalent HPV vaccination and genital 5th Biennial Meeting of the Chlamydia Venous access and track mark avoidance: Communities (Sydney, April) J, Regan D. Evaluating strategies for Diepolder H, Ulsenheimer A, Mallal S, warts in Australia, 2004-2010. Basic Research Society, (Los Angeles, Harnessing pragmatic concerns in HCV Wilson DP. Update on the HIV epidemic the control and prevention of STIs in Grebely J, Hellard M, Lloyd A, Kaldor JM, March) prevention interventions. in Australia and relevant data for African remote Indigenous communities using Dore GJ and Matthews GV on behalf of Wilson DP. Integration of mathematical Hellard M, Sacks-Davis R, Higgs P, communities. mathematical models. the ATAHC and Munich Study Groups. New York Health Department (New

80 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 81 York, July) 2nd International Symposium on against HPV transmission; implications for Explaining the past, describing the Australian HIV Observational Database. Donovan B. Syphilis in HIV positive Donovan B, Guy R, Ali H, Grulich A, Hepatitis Care in Substance Users herd immunity. present, and forecasting the future of the Prestage GP, Down I, Brown G, Hurley people. Syphilis and HIV Joint Symposia. Regan D, Wand H, Fairley C. A national (Brussels, September) HIV epidemic in PNG. M. Desire and Risk: Sick, Bad, or ‘Hot’? Donovan B, Ali H, Guy RJ, Grulich program with a national impact: Alavi M, Gillman AB, Micallef M, Batey Gray RT, Prestage GP, Down I, Bradley Prestage GP, Down I, Hurley M, Brown AE, Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A quadrivalent HPV vaccination and genital R, Honey C, Bath N, Loveday S, Day C, 47th Annual Symposium of the J, Ghaus MH, Hoare A, Wilson DP. HIV G. Is Optimism Enough? national program with a national impact: warts in Australia, 2004-2010. Dunlop A, Wodak A, Balcomb AC, Abbott Medical Society of Papua New Guinea: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Australian Read T, Fairley C, Vincini J, Morrow Quadrivalent HPV vaccination and genital P, Rodgers C, Weltman MD, Haber P and Epidemics, Pandemics and Disasters Gay Men is Effective but too expensive. A, Hocking J, Bradshaw C, Vodstrcil L, warts in Australia, 2004-2010. Dore GJ. On behalf of the ETHOS study (Kimbe, PNG, September) Guy R, Wand H, McManus H, Vonthanak Grulich AE, Chen M. Rapid HIV testing in Garton L, Guy R, Silver B, Taylor- 19th Conference of the International group. Assessment and treatment of Kaldor J. Population effectiveness of and S, Woolley I, Honda M, Read T, homosexual men: Early lessons from the Thompson D, Hengel B, Knox J, McGregor Society for Sexually Transmitted hepatitis C virus infection among injecting HPV vaccination program. Sirisanthana T, Zhou J, Carr A on behalf smartest study. S, Wand H, Rumbold A, Ward J, Kaldor Diseases Research (Québec City, July) drug users in the opioid substitution Kaldor J. Recent developments in HIV of AHOD and TAHOD. Antiretroviral Shea B, Aspin C, Ward J, Archibald C, J on behalf of the STRIVE Investigator Donovan B, Guy R, Ali H, Grulich AE, setting: The ETHOS Cohort. control, in the context of the Papua New treatment interruptions in developed and Dickson N, McDonald A, Penehira M, Group. Implementation of Australia’s Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A national Dore GJ. Clinical aspects of virology, Guinea epidemic. developing countries: Implications for ‘the Halverson J, Masching R, McAllister S, Largest Cluster Randomised Trial in program with a national outcome: immunology and host genetics in the Vallely A, Ryan C, Mola G, Siba P, Kaldor treatment-as-prevention’ strategy. Tuhiwai Smith L, Kaldor J, Andersson Aboriginal Health: Progress toward a Goal. quadrivalent HPV vaccination and genital treatment of hepatitis in substance users. J. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Harrod M E, Wilson D, Ward J. HIV in N. HIV diagnoses in Indigenous peoples: Guy R, Garton L, Taylor-Thompson D, warts in Australia, 2004-2010. Dore GJ. Treatment of acute hepatitis C in among general and at-risk populations in Aboriginal Australians: Prevention in comparison of Australia, Canada and New Silver B, Hengel B, Knox J, McGregor S, Drummond F, Ryder N, Wand J, Guy RJ, substance users. Papua New Guinea. prison settings should be a key focus. Zealand. Rumbold A, Ward J, Kaldor J on behalf of Read P, McNulty AM, Wray L, Donovan B. Grebely J. Conclusions and future Vallely A, Tynan A, Kupul M, Aeno H, Hui B, Gray RT, Wilson DP, Ward J, Ward J. Gollow Lecture: Dreaming the STRIVE Investigator Group. The 2010 Is single dose azithromycin adequate for perspectives. Kelly A, Neo J, Naketrumb R, Fiya V, Hill Smith A, Philp D, Hocking J, Regan D. of health equality. Addressing the Baseline Prevalence Study Conducted by asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? Grebely J Biomarkers associated with PS, Siba P, Kaldor J on behalf of the Male The importance of mobility in sustaining unacceptable predicament! The use of the STRIVE Trial. Read P, McNulty A, Wand H, Guy R, clearance of HCV infection. Circumcision Acceptability & Impact Study high STI prevalence in remote Indigenous evidence! Making a difference to address Guy R, Wand H, Read P, Kenigsberg, Donovan B. Unprotected Fellatio and Grebely J, Alavi M, Haber P, Day C, (MCAIS) Team. Community perspectives communities. STI and BBV control for Australia’s first Knight V, McNulty A. SMS reminders Pharyngeal Gonorrhoea in Sydney Sex Matthews GV, van Beek I, Walsh N, Yeung of implementing male circumcision for Hunter M, Paull S, Pett SL, Post JJ. On peoples. Giving Voice to those who need increase re-testing for repeat chlamydial Workers. B, Petoumenos K, Dolan K, Spelman T, HIV prevention in PNG: implications for Again Off Again: Cavitatory Pulmonary their voice to be heard! infection in heterosexuals at a sexual Walker J, Fairley CK, Bradshaw C, Tabrizi Kaldor JM, Dore GJ, Hellard M on behalf future service delivery. Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease Wilson DP. The changing profile of health clinic. S, Chen M, Twin J, Taylor N, Donovan B, of the ATAHC Study Group. Impact of Vallely A, Kelly A, Kaima P, Sauk J, Mek A, – Compliance, Resistance And Immune Australia’s HIV epidemic. Harrod ME, Graham S, Wand H, Ward J. Kaldor J, Hocking SJ. The Incidence of treatment on injecting drug use behaviors Aeno H, Allan J, Naketrumb R, Fiya V, Neo Reconstitution. Wilson DP. Findings from the Annual Gaps in sexually transmissible and blood genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a Cohort during recent HCV infection: the ATAHC J, Fitzgerald L, Siba P, Kaldor J on behalf Lee H-C, Kaldor J, Drummond F, Surveillance Report on HIV, viral hepatitis borne viral infection reporting: What are of Young Australian Women. study. of the Male Circumcision Acceptability & Baker D, Donovan B, Guy R. Extent and and sexually transmissible infections in the implications for closing the gap? 10th International Congress on AIDS Macphail GLP, Hilsden R, Grebely J, Impact Study (MCAIS) Team. Acceptability duration of unplanned antiretroviral Australia 2011. Hengel B, Mein J, Fagan P, Ward J, in Asia and the Pacific (Busan, Korea, Conway B, Lee S. Pegylated-interferon of male circumcision for HIV prevention treatment interruption in adults with HIV Wright ST, Carr A, Woolley I, Giles M, Kaldor J, Guy R on behalf of the STRIVE August) alpha-2a and ribavirin for the treatment of among men and women attending sexual infection: a systematic review. Hoy J, Cooper DA, Law MG. CD4 Cell Investigator Group. Health Service Bavinton B, Singh N. Sexual Behaviour hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in active health clinics in PNG. Liu B, Guy R, Donovan B, Kaldor J. Responses to combination antiretroviral Utilisation Patterns in FNQ Remote And HIV Risk In Men Who Have Sex With drug users: a randomized controlled trial Characteristics associated with repeat therapy in patients starting therapy at Communities: Implications for STI Testing. Men And Transgender People in Fiji. of immediate versus delayed treatment. Chlamydia trachomatis notifications in high CD4 cell counts. Hocking JS, Temple-Smith M, Poznanski Wilson DP, Riono P, Kerr C, Kwon A, Taylor L, DeLong AK, Grebely J, Maynard Sexual Health/Public Health Combined Australian women. Zablotska I. Antiretroviral treatment as S, Vaisey A, Walker J, Guy R, Low N, Zhang L. The HIV in Indonesia Model MA, Treloar C. Patient perspectives and Annual (Kimbe, PNG, September) Matthews G. HIV/HCV coinfection: prevention: Is it a serious change in HIV Donovan B, Gunn J, Law M, Kaldor (HIM). facilitators of HCV treatment for HIV/HCV Gray R, Murray J, Vallely A, Siba P, Treatment decision making in a new era. prevention among gay men? J, Fairley CK, on behalf of the ACCEPt Zhang L, Loo V, Wilson DP. Evaluation coinfected persons in Rhode Island, United Kaldor J, Wilson D. Estimating the impact Mallitt KA, Jansson J, McGuigan D, Zhang L, Chow EPF, Wilson DP. What is Consortium. Australian Chlamydia of the epidemiological impact of harm States. of male circumcision on the HIV epidemic Wand H, Wilson DP. Spatial analysis of the potential for bisexual men in China to Control Effectiveness Pilot – Preliminary reduction programs on HIV in Vietnam. in Papua New Guinea. (John Kaldor HIV clinical service capacity in Australia act as a bridge of HIV transmission to the Results from a Trial of Chlamydia Testing presented on behalf or Richard Gray). reveals current and future areas of female population? Behavioural evidence in General Practice. 27th International Papillomavirus workforce shortage. from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hui B, Gray RT, Wilson DP, Ward J, The Potential for the Spread of Drug Conference and Clinical Workshop Mallitt KA, Wilson DP, McDonald Smith A, Philp D, Hocking J, Regan D. Resistance Due to PrEP HIV Consortium (Berlin, September) 23rd Annual Conference of the A, Wand H. HIV incidence trends by The importance of mobility in sustaining (Seattle, September) Donovan B, Ali H, Guy RJ, Grulich Australasian Society for HIV Medicine Australian jurisdiction reveal a marked 10th Australasian Sexual Health high STI prevalence in remote Indigenous Wilson DP. Potential impact of PrEP AE, Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. (Canberra, September) rise in Queensland: an extended back- Conference (Canberra, September) communities. among men who have sex with men. Quadrivalent HPV Vaccination and Genital Chow EPF, Wilson DP, Zhang J, Jing projection analysis of men who have sex Arizmendi C, Worth H, Smith A, Ah Jeoffreys NJ, Read PJ, Huynh S, Donovan Warts in Australia 2004-2010. J, Zhang L. HIV prevalence is rapidly with men. Chee D, Kaldor J, Bryant J, Pitts M, Ward B, Gilbert GL. High levels of azithromycin Grulich AE. Scientific Discussion on increasing among men who have sex with Matthews G. HIV/HCV coinfection: J. Hearing from young Aboriginal and resistant syphilis in Sydney. Evaluating costs and effectiveness of broadening the clinical and real world men in China: A systematic review and treatment decision making in a new era. Torres Strait Islander people about their Liu B, Guy R, Donovan B, Kaldor J. needle and syringe programs in Europe experience for HPV vaccination. meta-analysis. McDonald AM, Cunningham P, Kelleher sexual health and wellbeing. Characteristics associated with repeat and Central Asia (Minsk, Belarus, August) Grulich AE, Ali H, Guy RJ, Regan Dore GJ New therapies for HCV. A, Kaldor JM, Wilson DP. Monitoring Bowring A, Gouillou M, Guy R, Kong Chlamydia trachomatis notifications in Wilson DP. Evaluating effectiveness DG, Wand H, Fairley CK, Donovan B. Down I, Bradley J, Ellard J, Brown G, HIV transmission using the BED assay. FYS, Van Gemert C, Goller JL, Harvey Australian women. and cost-effectiveness of needle-syringe Quadrivalent HPV vaccination and genital Prestage G. Do gay men who get infected McManus H, O’Connor CC, Boyd M, C, McNamee K, Bateson D, Wardle R, Machalek DA, Poynten IM, Jin F, exchange programs. warts in Australia. with HIV have a history of regular HIV Broom J, Russell D, Watson K, Roth N, Stephens A, Hocking JS, Pirotta M, Heal C, Hillman RJ, Templeton DJ, Tabrizi SN, Wilson DP. Using the Needle Exchange Poynten M, Jin JF, Templeton D, testing? Read P, Petoumenos K, Law M on behalf Brett T, Merritt T, Donovan B, Hellard ME Garland SM, Fairley CK, Grulich AE. A Program Evaluation Model Software Tool. Prestage G, Donovan B, Pawlita M, Fairley Down I, Bradley J, Ellard J, Brown G, of the Australian HIV Observational on behalf of the ACCESS Collaboration. systematic review of the natural history Wilson DP. Results from evaluation of C, Garland S, Grulich A, Waterboer T. Prestage G. How recently diagnosed Database. Long term survival of HIV Chlamydia repeat testing and positivity of human papillomavirus infection NSEPs across Eastern Europe and Central Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for gay men feel about the prospect of HIV positive patients with up to 15 years of rates at general practice and family and associated neoplastic lesions in Asia. HPV16 seropositivity in homosexual men. treatments. antiretroviral therapy in AHOD. planning clinics in Australia, 2008-2009. homosexual men. Regan DG, Conway EL, Stein AN, Philp Down I, Prestage G, Hurley M, Hellard Mlambo E. HIV epidemiology among Dimech W, van Gemert C, Stoové M, McGregor S, Guy R, Garton L, Silver DJ, Korostil I, Hocking JS, Brotherton M, Sasadeusz J, Matthews G, Danta people from culturally and linguistically Bergeri I, Kong F, Boyle D, Guy R, Hellard B, Taylor-Thomson D, Hengel B, Knox National Reference Laboratory Annual JM, Law MG, Grulich AE. Accounting M. HIV-positive gay men have limited diverse (CALD) background in Australia. M on behalf of the ACCESS collaboration. J, Wand H, Kaldor J, Ward J, Rumbold Meeting (Canberra August) for MSM and herd immunity: HPV understanding of hepatitis C. O’Dwyer M. Are young gay men at risk? A laboratory network for sentinel A, on behalf of the STRIVE Investigator Marks K. Assessment of a Genotypic Assay vaccination impact. Gray RT, Murray JM, Vallely A, Lote N, Petoumenos K, van Leuwen M, Vajdic surveillance of Chlamydia: results after Group. Routine STI testing patterns in for the Determination of Chemokine Regan DG, Philp DJ, Korostil I, Conway Lupiwa T, Millan J, Daoni E, Kaldor J, C, Woolley I, Chuah J, Templeton DJ, 2 years of the access laboratory network remote health services in the Northern Receptor Tropism of HIV-1. EL, Stein AN, Law MG. Vaccine efficacy Siba P, Wilson D. The PNG HIV Model: Grulich AE, Law M. Cancers in the (2008-2009). Territory, Far North Queensland and

82 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 83 n POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Western Australia. KM, White A, Haber PS. Sex and drugs in GJ, Applegate T, Shaw I, LabKey: An Read PJ, Wand H, Guy R, Bourne CP, inner-city Sydney: Sexual risk behaviours Australasian perspective. McNulty AM. Are Asian men who have sex and barriers to safe sex among drug with men (MSM) a higher risk of HIV and users accessing low-threshold primary STI infection? healthcare. Joint National Policy Forum on Male Silver B, Taylor-Thompson D, Garton L, Islam M, White A, Day CA, Topp L, Circumcision for HIV Prevention. (Port Hengel B, Knox J, Rumbold A, McGregor Conigrave KM, Reid SE, Grummett S, Moresby, November) S, Guy R, Kaldor J, Ward J on behalf of Haber PS. Assessing the model of care Gray RT. Estimating the Impact of Male the STRIVE Investigator Group. Use of and service utilisation of a nurse led low- Circumcision on the HIV Epidemic in PNG. quality improvement strategies to address threshold primary health care in a needle Kaldor J. Male circumcision in the context endemic rates of STI in remote primary syringe programme setting in inner-city of other emerging strategies in the Asia- health care services. Sydney. Pacific region. Watchirs Smith L, Hillman R, Ward J, Papanastasiou C, Higgs P, Dietze P. The Whiley D, Causer L, Skov S, Donovan B, prevalence and predictors of hepatitis Kaldor J, Guy R. Point-of-care tests for the C among a group of young injectors in Republic of Armenia National Ministry detection of N. Gonorrhoeae; a systematic Melbourne. of Health AIDS Conference (Yerevan, review of operational characteristics and Topp L, Day C, Wand H, Deacon R, November) performance. van Beek I, Haber P, Shanahan M, Wilson DP. Surveillance, evaluation and 18th Conference on Retroviruses 15th International Workshop on HIV Grebely J, Hellard M, Lloyd A, Kaldor Whiley DM, Kaldor J, Jacob K, Sloots TP, Rodgers C, Maher L, on behalf of the situational analysis on HIV/AIDS, 2011. and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) Observational Databases (Prague, March) JM, Dore GJ, Matthews GV on behalf Tabrizi S, Ward J, Donovan B, Anderson Hepatitis Acceptability and Vaccine Wilson DP. National Strategic Plan HIV (Boston, February) Kjaer J, Hillebregt MMJ, Brandt RS, of the ATAHC Study Group. Signature D, Fairley C, Guy R. The Influence of Incentives Trial (HAVIT) Study Group. A & AIDS 2012-2016, The Republic of Dazo C, Fahey P, Puls R, Winston A, Fontas E, Balestre E, McManus H, Fanti I, resistance mutations to directly acting Organism Load on the Sensitivity of Point- randomised controlled trial of contingency Armenia. Boesecke C, Avhingsanon A, Amin J, Delforge M, Rickenbach M for the D:A:D antiviral agents occur at low prevalence Of-Care Tests for Chlamydia. management to increase hepatitis B Wilson DP. Antiretroviral therapy for Rooney JF, Cooper DA, Emery S and the study group. How to identify patients in treatment naïve subjects with recently vaccination uptake and completion among treating HIV-infected people. Altair Study Group. Significant decline enrolled in multiple cohorts, exemplified acquired hepatitis C infection. people who inject drugs in Australia. Wilson DP. Treatment as prevention and in glomerular filtration rate is observed by the D:A:D study. Grebely J, Alavi M, Haber P, Day C, Australian Epidemiological Association other biomedical prevention strategies: in therapy naïve HIV-positive subjects Brandt RS, Rickenbach M, Hillebregt Matthews GV, van Beek I, Walsh N, Yeung Conference (Perth, September) international evidence for consideration in commencing ritonavir-boosted atazanavir MMJ, Fontas E, Geffard S, McManus H, B, Petoumenos K, Dolan K, Spelman T, Gidding HF, Dore GJ, Law MG, on behalf The Potential Impact of Expanded the Republic of Armenia. (r/ATV), compared to either efavirenz Fanti I, Delforge M, Ledgerber B, Kjaer Kaldor JM, Dore GJ, Hellard M on behalf of the ACHOS Investigator team. HCV Access to Treatment for HIV Prevention (EFV) or zidovudine/abacavir (ZDV/ABC) J for the D:A:D study group. Improving of the ATAHC Study Group. Impact of treatment outcomes in Australian clinics. in Sub-Saharan Africa (Stellenbosch, all with tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine data quality in HIV cohort collaborations – treatment on injecting drug use behaviors Ward J. Combining Aboriginal Community South Africa, November) Armenia National AIDS Team Workshop (FTC) after 48 weeks, a randomised exemplified by the D:A:D study. during recent HCV infection: the ATAHC Control Principles and Epidemiological Wilson DP. Motivation for what are (Yerevan, November) controlled study. study. Research: Shifting Sands or Mountains. the best roles for ART during an era Wilson DP. National Strategic Plan HIV & Koelsch K, Boesecke C, Fahey P, Danta Grebely J, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Ecopathogenesis of Chlamydia in the of heterogeneous and diverging HIV AIDS 2012-2016, The Republic of Armenia. M, Bailey M, Baker D, Finlayson R, Bloch 46th Annual Meeting of the European Suppiah V, Petoumenos K, Applegate T, human reproductive tract meeting epidemics and constrained resources? M, Cooper D, Emery S and PINT study Association for the Study of the Liver Yeung B, Rawlinson W, Feld JJ, Lloyd A, (Baltimore, October) group. Raltegravir in Combination With (EASL) (Berlin, March-April) Booth D, Kaldor J, George J, Dore GJ on Wilson DP. Effect of the inflammatory HIV/STI surveillance forum in NSW Tenofovir and Emtricitabine During Alavi M, Grebely J, Gillman AB, Micallef behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. IL28B response upon the in vivo competition 62nd Annual Meeting of the American (Sydney November) Primary and Chronic HIV Infection: M, Batey R, Honey C, Bath N, Loveday S, genotype has variable influence on early between two chlamydial variants in Association for the Study of Liver Wilson DP. Modelling the impact of Impact on HIV RNA and DNA in Peripheral Day C, Dunlop A, Wodak A, Balcomb AC, viral kinetics, but no influence on sustained the guinea pig model of inclusion Diseases (AASLD) (San Francisco, biomedical prevention strategies on the Blood and Gut Mucosal Tissue. Abbott P, Rodgers C, Weltman MD, Haber virological response during treatment for conjunctivitis - a combined biological and November) HIV epidemic. Murray JM, McBride K, Gelgor L, P, Dore GJ on behalf of the ETHOS study recent hepatitis C virus infection. mathematical modeling approach. Fried M, Buti M, Dore GJ, Flisiak R, Zaunders J, Amin J, Marks K, Mische group. Willingness to receive treatment Sacks-Davis R, Aitken C, Higgs P, Moneer Ferenci P, Jacobson I, Marcellin P, Manns C, Cooper DA, Emery S, Kelleher AD. for chronic hepatitis C virus infection S, Flynn J, Suppiah V, Tracy L, Ffrench M, Nikitin I, Poordad F, Sherman M, De 2011 Preventing Cervical Cancer The dynamics of HIV RNA and HIV DNA among injecting drug users in the opioid R, Bowden D, Drummer H, George J, New Zealand Sexual Health Society Smedt S. TMC435 in combination with Conference (PCC2011): Integrating in the presence of an integrase inhibitor substitution setting: The ETHOS Study. Bharadwaj M, Hellard M. Hepatitis C Conference, Auckland October peginterferon and ribavirin in treatment Screening and Vaccination (Melbourne, containing regimen in treatment naïve Ali RJ, Roberts SK, Ray J, Sievert W, virus-specific cellular immunity does not Ward J. Making a difference to the lives of –naïve HCV genotype 1 patients: Final November) patients. McCaughan G, Weltman M, Crawford protect against future HCV infection in Australia’s First Peoples through research. analysis of the pillar phase IIB study. Kaldor J. Research priorities for cervix Purcell DF, Lewin S, Byakwaga H, French D, Cheng W, Rawlinson W, Rhommes anti-hcv negative injecting drug users. Ward J. Whose binge drinking problem is cancer in low resource settings. M, Kelleher A, Amin J, Haskelberg H, J, Rizkalla B, Yoshihara M, Dore GJ, Sacks-Davis R, Daraganova G, Aitken C, it? Linkages to STI Control. Kelly M, Cooper DA, Emery S on behalf of Matthews GV on behalf of the CHARIOT Higgs P, Tracy L, Bowden D, Robins G, NIAID STI Cooperative Research the CORAL Study Group. No Correlation Study Group. Early on-treatment plasma Pattison P, Grebely J, Barry A, Hellard M. Centers (Chapel Hill, USA, November) Between Microbial Translocation, Immune ribavirin concentrations are associated Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C in a AusAID ALA Short Intensive Professional Wilson DP. Effect of the inflammatory Activation And Low Level HIV Viraemia In with on-treatment anaemia and treatment social network of young people who inject Program in HIV (Sydney, October) response upon the in vivo competition HIV Infected Individuals With Poor Cd4+ outcome in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 drugs. Wilson DP. HIV epidemiology in Australia. between two chlamydial variants in T-Cell Recovery Despite Suppressive Art. patients. the guinea pig model of inclusion Swaminathan S, Suzuki K, Seddiki N, Feld JJ, Grebely J, Applegate T, conjunctivitis - a combined biological and Kaplan W, Cowley M, Hood C, Clancy Matthews GV, Hellard M, Suppiah V, 22nd International Conference Australasian Professional Society on mathematical modeling approach. J, Murray D, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD. Sherker A, Petoumenos K, Shaw I, Yeung International Harm Reduction Alcohol and other Drugs (APSAD) Differential Regulation of the Let-7 Family B, Rawlinson W, Booth D, Kaldor JM, Association (IHRA) (Beirut, April) (Hobart, November) of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 George J, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ on behalf Banwell C, Dance P, Olsen A, Byrne J. Deacon RM, Topp L, Wand H, Day CA, IUSTI (New Delhi, November) infection Potentially Impacts on Disease of the ATAHC Study Group. IP-10 is Are women who use drugs interested Rodgers C, Haber PS, van Beek I, Maher L. Donovan B. Sex workers. Progression by Altering IL-10 Expression. associated with early viral kinetics, but in their personal health? Hormones, Correlates of susceptibility to hepatitis B Donovan B. Prison sex. not sustained virological response during hypogonadism and hepatitis C related among people who inject drugs in Sydney, treatment for recent hepatitis C virus health among people who inject drugs. Australia. Keystone Mechanism and Biology of infection. Couture MC, Page K, Sansothy N, Stein Higgs P, Kelsall J, Dietze P. Health needs LabKey User Conference (Seattle, Silencing (Monterey, March) Gaudieri S, Applegate T, Tshochner E, Sichan K, Maher L. Occupational and of older opiate users. November) Hood, C. siRNA mediated silencing of M, Plauzolles A, Pfafferott K, Lucas M, disease risks among women engaged in Islam M, Topp L, Day CA, Conigrave Schafer T, Jacka B, Marks P, Dore HIV-1 Diepolder H, Ulsenheimer A, Mallal S, sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: The

84 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 85 vulnerability of freelance sex workers. Diepolder H, Ulsenheimer A, Mallal S, based HIV Testing Services for Gay Men: A S, Chen M, Bowden F, Gunn J, Donovan Day C, Dunlop A, Wodak A, Balcomb AC, Ham M, Higgs P, Sacks-Davis R, Hellard Grebely J, Hellard M, Lloyd A, Kaldor Systematic Review. Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug B, Kaldor J, Bradshaw C. The Prevalence Abbott P, Rodgers C, Weltman MD, Haber M. “Hepatitis – it’s a dirty sounding word J, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. Signature Pedrana A, Stoove M, Bowring A, Hellard Users League (AIVL) forum on Older and Incidence of Bacterial vaginosis in a P, Dore GJ on behalf of the ETHOS study …” Alcohol in the lives of people living resistance mutations to directly acting M, Guy R. Accepting the good with Opiate Users & Hepatitis (Canberra, Cohort of Young Australian Women. group. Willingness to receive treatment with hepatitis C. antiviral agents occur at low prevalence the bad”: Barriers and facilitators of July) Wand H, Guy R, Donovan B. Developing for chronic hepatitis C virus infection Higgs P, Kelsall J, Rocks C. “They don’t in treatment naïve subjects with recently community-based HIV testing services for Banwell C, Dance P, Olsen A, Byrne J. and validating a risk scoring tool for among injecting drug users in the opioid know how to treat us”: The health needs of acquired hepatitis C infection. gay men: A systematic review. Hormones, hypogonadism and hepatitis Chlamydia infection among Sexual Health substitution setting: The ETHOS Study. older opiate using Australians. Seddiki N, Phetsouphanh C, C related health among people who inject Clinic attendees in Australia: a simple Alavi M, Grebely J, Matthews G, Iversen J, Wand H, Topp L, Maher L. High Swaminathan S, Rao S, Li J, Sutcliffe drugs. algorithm to identify those at high risk of Petoumenos K, Yeung B, Lloyd A, Hellard syringe coverage among Needle Syringe 6th IAS Conference on HIV pathogenesis, E, Xu Y, Cooper DA, Zaunders J, Chlamydia infection. M, van Beek I, Maher L, Kaldor J, Haber Program (NSP) attendees in Australia. treatment and prevention (Rome, July) Kelleher A. The Blimp-1/IL-2/miR-9 axis 19th Conference of the International Wand H, Guy R, McNulty A, Donovan P, Dore GJ on behalf of the ATAHC Study Newland J, Harris M, Deacon RM, Treloar Couture MC, Sansothy N, Stein E, Sichan modulates the balance between activated Society for Sexually Transmitted B. Population attributable risk for Group. Impact of pegylated interferon C, Maher L. Social network influences on K, Evans J, Kaldor J, Palefsky J, Page K, and regulatory T cell function and is Diseases Research (Québec City, July) Chlamydia infection in a cohort of young alfa-2a treatment on depression during hepatitis C seroconversion risk. Maher L on behalf of the Young Women’s differentially regulated in HIV infection. Graham S, Guy R, McManus H, Giele international travellers (backpackers) and recent HCV infection: the Australian Trial Page K, Couture MC, Sansothy N, Stein Health Study Collaborative. Human Stein ES, Couture MC, Sansothy N, Evans C, El-Hayek C, Kwan K, Dyda A, Su JY, residents in Australia. in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC). E, Sichan K, Maher L. Violence, risk and papillomavirus infection prevalence J, Kaldor J, Maher L, Page K on behalf Wand H, Donovan B, Ward J. Trends in Balcomb AC, D’Aquino F, Dyer R, Lynch TF, disease among young women engaged in and associations with HIV among young of the Young Women’s Health Study chlamydia and gonorrhoea notifications Grebely J, Alavi M, Dore GJ. Clinic 96: sex work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: The women engaged in sex work in Phnom Collaborative. High acceptance and uptake in Aboriginal and non-Indigenous 10th International Congress on AIDS A community based model for hepatitis C YWHS Study. Penh, Cambodia. of GARDISIL® HPV preventive vaccine Australians. in Asia and the Pacific (Busan, Korea, treatment service in regional Australia - White B, Bates A, Enriquez J, Park JN, Couture MC, Sansothy N, Stein ES, Evans in a cohort of young, female, sex and Guy RJ, Hocking J, Low N, Ali H, Bauer August) Effectively reaching the more difficult to Maher L. Respondent driven sampling J, Sichan K, Maher L, Page K on behalf entertainment workers in Phnom Penh, H, Walker J, Klausner J, Donovan B, Nguyen TH, Nghiem VV, Pham H, access clients. vs. community outreach – recruitment of of the Young Women’s Health Study Cambodia. Kaldor JM. Interventions to Increase Re- Quatermaine M, Maxtone-Graham J, Islam MM, White A, Day CA, Topp people who inject drugs to a longitudinal Collaborative. Occupational and disease Stein ES, Evans J, Sansothy N, Sichan testing for Repeat Chlamydial Infection: a Higgs P. Using photos as an evaluation L, Conigrave KM, Reid SE, Grummett study in Sydney, Australia. risks among women engaged in sex K, Couture MC, Maher L, Mooney- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. tool in HIV prevention programs: Lessons S, Haber PS. Linkage into specialist work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: New Somers J, Page K, on behalf of the Young Guy RJ, Wand H, Read P, Kenigsberg A, from the Dove Club Project in Hanoi. hepatitis C treatment services of injecting challenges for HIV prevention. Women’s Health Study Collaborative. Knight V, McNulty AM. SMS reminders Pham H, Reddell S, Higgs P. Men who drug users attending needle syringe National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Evans J, Couture MC, Stein E, Maher High incidence of pregnancy and poor increase re-testing for repeat chlamydia have sex with men and women in Hanoi, programme-based primary healthcare International Forum (Miami, June) L, Sansothy N, Page K on behalf of contraceptive utilisation in a cohort of infection in heterosexuals at a sexual Vietnam. centre. Maher L, Phlong P, Mooney-Somers J, the Young Women’s Health Study young, female sex and entertainment health clinic. Schneider K, Kerr CC, Hoare A, Wilson Keats J, Hazelwood S, Everingham H, Keo S, Stein E, Couture MC, Page K (on Collaborative. Biomarker validation of workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Hocking JS, Temple-Smith M, Poznanski DP. Expected epidemiological impacts of Alavi M, Grebely J, Tierney R, Dunlop behalf of the Young Women’s Health recent unprotected sexual intercourse in The IeDEA Pediatric Working Group, S, Guy RJ, Low N, Donovan B, Gunn J, introducing an HIV vaccine in Thailand: a A on behalf of the ETHOS Study Group. Study Collaborative). Amphetamine-type prospective study of female sex workers Asia-Pacific, Central Africa, East Africa, Law M, Kaldor JM, Fairley CK. Australian model-based analysis. Treating chronic hepatitis C infection stimulant use and HIV/STI risk behaviour in Phnom Penh, Cambodia using a rapid Southern Africa, West Africa (Kariminia A Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot Zhang L, Chow EFP, Wilson DP. in opioid substitution treatment among young female sex workers in PSA test. member of working group). Programmatic – preliminary results from a trial of Increasing Trend of Condom Use Rate settings: experience of the Newcastle Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Koelsch K, Zaunders J, Seddiki N, Bailey and clinical management practices in the chlamydia testing in general practice in among Men Who Have Sex with Men in pharmacotherapy service. M, Marks K, Xu Y, Danta M, Cooper D, International Epidemiologic Databases Australia. China. Maynard MA, Grebely J, DeLong A, Kelleher A for the PINT Study Group. to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Pediatric Lewis L, Drummond F, Bourne C, Zhang L, Chow EFP, Wilson DP. Rapid Treloar C, Taylor LE. Barriers to the 20th World Congress for Sexual Health Reconstitution patterns of resident and Group: Results from a multiregional site Ramanathan V, Hocking J, Wand Increasing HIV Prevalence among Men treatment of hepatitis C virus infection (Glasgow, June) circulating Gut-homing CD4+ T cells assessment. H, Donovan B, Kaldor JM, Guy RJ. Who Have Sex with Men in China: among people with HIV/HCV coinfection Prestage, GP. Reasoning Risk Reduction. in HIV-1-infected individuals during Zhou J, Tanuma J, Chaiwarith, KC Lee CKC, Optimising clinical systems to increase Implications from a Meta-analysis. in Rhode Island, United States. Prestage GP, Down I, Brown G, Hurley antiretroviral therapy initiated in either Law MG, Lim PL on behalf of The TREAT HIV/STI testing in gay men: the eTEST Petersen J, Alavi M, Micallef M, Grebely M. Acting on Desire: The Role of Erectile primary or chronic infection. Asia HIV Observational Database. Loss to Project. J, Weltman M. A nurse-led model for the Dysfunction Medication. Lee LS, Lim P-L, Fahey P, Yunihastuti E on follow-up in HIV–infected patients under Liu B, Kaldor J, Donovan B, Guy R, Wand 18th International Symposium on assessment of chronic HCV infection in behalf of TAHOD. Predictors of nevirapine clinical care in the Asia-Pacific region. H, Hocking J. Trends in the incidence Hepatitis C and Related Viruses (Seattle, current and former injecting drug users. and efavirenz toxicity in HIV-infected of hospitalisation for chlamydia-related August) Sacks-Davis R, Daraganova G, Aitken C, 40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the patients: Updated analysis from the sequelae among women. Applegate T, Gaudieri S, Pham S, White P, Higgs P, Tracy L, Bowden D, Robins G, Society of Academic Primary Care TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database 3rd International Workshop on HIV Read TRH, Hocking J, Gurrin L, Chen MY, Grebely J, Hellard M, Suppiah V, George Pattison P, Grebely J, Barry A, Hellard M. (Bristol, June) (TAHOD). Pediatrics (Rome, July) Donovan B, Bradshaw CS, Fairley CK. J, Lloyd A, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C and Temple-Smith M, Poznanski S, Vaisey Maher L, Phlong P, Mooney-Somers J, Kien Bunupuradah T, Puthanakit T, Fahey P, Continued decline in genital warts three Impact of host and viral characteristics social network research provide insight A, Wood A, Walker J, Hocking J, Low N, SP, Couture MC, Sansothy N, Bates A, Page Kariminia A, Yusoff NKN, Khanh TH, years after introduction of quadrivalent on treatment outcome within hepatitis into transmission pathways in people who Donovan B, Gunn J, Law M, Kaldor J, K on behalf of the Young Women’s Health Sohn A, Chokephaibulkit K, Lumbiganon human papillomavirus vaccine program. C transmission clusters in HIV positive inject drugs. Guy R, Fairley CK. Chlamydia screening: Study Collaborative. Safe sex in unsafe P, Hansudewechakul R, Razali K, Kurniati Silver B, Knox J, Smith K, Ward J, Boyle individuals with recently acquired HCV. Treloar C, Hull P, Grebely J, Dore GJ. managing barriers to a complex spaces: Negotiating the sex work risk N, Huy BV, Sudjaritruk T, Kumarasamy N, J, Guy R, Kaldor J, Rumbold A.The Gaudieri S, Applegate T, Tschochner Knowledge and barriers associated with intervention in the general practice setting environment in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Fong SM, Saphonn V, Ananworanich J Detection and Management of Pelvic M, Plauzolles A, Pfafferott K, Lucas M, assessment and treatment for hepatitis c Page K, Couture MC, Sothy NS, Stein ES, on behalf of TApHOD. Second-line highly Inflammatory Disease in Aboriginal Diepolder H, Ulsenheimer A, MallalS, virus infection among injecting drug users: Sichan K, Maher L on behalf of the Young active antiretroviral therapy in Asian HIV- Women in Central Australia: Challenges of Grebely J, Hellard M, Lloyd A, Kaldor a greater need for information on self-care International HIV and Hepatitis Virus Women’s Health Study Collaborative. infected children. a Remote High Prevalence Setting. J, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. Signature strategies. Drug Resistance Workshop (Los Cabos, Violence, risk and disease among young Templeton DJ, Prestage GP, IM Poynten, resistance mutations to directly acting Mexico, June) women engaged in sex work in Phnom Jin F, Healey LM, Zablotska I, Grulich antiviral agents occur at low prevalence Applegate T, Gaudieri S, Pham S, White P, Penh, Cambodia: The YWHS Study. 13th International Workshop on AE. Prevalence, incidence and predictors in treatment naïve subjects with recently 51st Interscience Conference on Grebely J, Hellard M, Suppiah V, George Page K, Maher L, Kaldor J, Phal S on Adverse Drug Reactions and Co- of sexual assault in the community-based acquired hepatitis C infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy J, Lloyd A, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. behalf of the Young Women’s Health Study morbidities in HIV (Rome, July) HIM cohort of Sydney homosexual men. (ICAAC) (Chicago, September) Impact of host and viral characteristics Collaborative. Policy, pride and prejudice: Cordery DV, Humphries A, Amin J, Walker J, Fairley CK, Bradshaw CS, Tabrizi Else L, Jackson A, Puls R, Hill A, on treatment outcome within hepatitis The impact of anti-trafficking law on HIV Kelleher AD, Emery S, Cooper DA on SN, Chen MY, Twin J, Taylor N, Donovan 2nd International Symposium on Fahey P, Lin E, Amara A, Siccardi M, C transmission clusters in HIV positive risk and prevention among female sex behalf of the STEAL study group. The B, Kaldor JM, Hocking JS. The incidence Hepatitis Care in Substance Users Emery S, Khoo S, Back D, Boffito M. individuals with recently acquired HCV. workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. influence of HLA supertype on thymidine of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cohort of (Brussels, September) Pharmacokinetics (PK) of lamivudine Gaudieri S, Applegate T, Tschochner Pedrana A, Stoove M, Bowring A, Hellard analogue induced body composition young Australian women. Alavi M, Grebely J, Gillman AB, Micallef (3TC), and 3TC-triphosphate (3TC-TP) M, Plauzolles A, Pfafferott K, Lucas M, M, Guy R. “Easy Access” Community- changes in STEAL. Walker J, Hocking JS, Fairley CK, Tabrizi M, Batey R, Honey C, Bath N, Loveday S, following administration of 3TC 300

86 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 87 mg and 150 mg once daily (od) to HIV- efficacy and safety of two dosing Zhou J, Tanuma J, Chaiwarith KC, Lee of human papillomavirus infection Walker S, Currie M, Birden H, Bowden F, simulation calibration methodology. negative volunteers.-in the ENCORE2 Study. strategies of raltegravir plus atazanavir in CKC, Law MG, Lim PL on behalf of The and associated neoplastic lesions in Gunn J, Pirotta M, Gurrin L, Harindra V, Seneviratne N, Puls R, Humphries antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. homosexual men. Garland SM, Bradshaw CS. The prevalence A, Haskelberg H, Petoumenos K, adults (SPARTA). Loss to follow-up in HIV–infected patients Martin L, Knight V, Read PJ, McNulty A. and incidence of bacterial vaginosis in a Courtney-Vega K, Emery S. Assessing site 27th International Papillomavirus Causer L, McGregor S, Kaldor J. The under clinical care in the Asia-Pacific Patient preferred method of obtaining STI cohort of young Australian women. performance in a multinational clinical Conference and Clinical Workshop Field Research Training Program (FRTP): region. and/or HIV results from Sydney Sexual Wand H, Guy R, Donovan B, McNulty A. trial. (Berlin, September) A new model for supporting HIV research Health Centre (SSHC). Prevalence and determinants of sexually Zablotska I, Prestage G, Holt M, Poynten Conway EL, Stein AN, Smith A, Hocking JS, capacity building in developing countries. McKechnie ML, Bavinton BR, Zablotska transmitted infections among heterosexual M, Guy R, Grulich A. Australian gay Brotherton JM, Regan DG, Law MG, Jin Cordery DV, Martin A, Amin J, Kelleher 10th Australasian Sexual Health IB. Understanding of norms regarding males and females injecting drug users men who have used non-occupational F, Grulich AE. Estimating cancer burden: AD, Emery S, Cooper DA. The influence Conference (Canberra, September) sexual practices among gay men. who attended Sydney Sexual Health Clinic post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV (PEP) current male and female vaccination of HLA supertype on thymidine analogue Allan W, McCann L, McNulty A, Read PJ. McNulty A, Wand H, Guy R, Donovan B. in 1998-2008. and in need for effective HIV prevention cohorts. induced body composition changes in the Contract tracing using provider referral- Men who have sex with men (MSM) and Watchirs Smith L, Hillman R, Ward J, methods. Grulich AE, Poynten IM, Jin F, Hillman STEAL randomised clinical trial. how difficult is it? are Injecting Drug Users (IDU): Predictors Whiley D, Causer L, Skov S, Donovan B, R, Templeton DJ, Fairley CK, Garland Gray RT, Gold J, Karim M, Jenkinson Ali H, Donovan B, Kaldor J, Liu B, of prevalent sexually transmissible Kaldor J, Guy R. Point-of-care tests for the SM, McCaffery K on behalf of the SPANC R, McBryde E, Wilson DP, Hellard ME. Hocking J, Ward J, Bourne C, Guy infections (STIs). detection of N. Gonorrhoeae; a systematic 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Research Team. Adverse effects of anal Concurrency and Sexual Partnership R. Developing Chlamydia prevention Poynten IM, Jin F, Hillman R, Templeton review of operational characteristics and Association for the Study of Liver cancer screening strategies in homosexual Dynamics among a Sample of Young Music indicators for Australia – NSW as a case DJ, Fairley CK, Garland SM, McCaffery performance. Diseases (AASLD) (San Francisco, men. Festival Attendees. study. K, Grulich AE on behalf of the SPANC Waters EK, Philp DJ, Smith AMA, Grulich November) Jin F, Poynten IM, Templeton DJ, McGrath P, Prestage G, Jin F, Hillman Bourne C, Zablotska I, Williamson A, Research Team. Adverse effects of anal AE, Law MG, Regan DG. Modelling Ali R, Bowsen S, Avihingsanon A, Lewin S, Prestage G, Donovan B, Fairley CK, R, Templeton DJ, Acraman B, Grulich A, Calmette Y, Guy R. Gay men prefer partner cancer screening strategies in homosexual the impact of quadrivalent human Ruxrungtham K, Locarnini S, Sasadeusz Garland SM, Pawlita M, Grulich AE, Poynten IM. Early indicators of participant notification by short message service men. papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on J, Dore GJ, Matthews GV. Changes in Waterboer T. Type-specific Human compliance and retention in a longitudinal (SMS) rather than e-postcards: a web- Poynten IM, Jin F, Templeton DJ, genital warts under different assumptions quantitative HBsAg and HBeAg predict Papillomavirus (HPV) L1 antibody study of anal cancer in gay men. based evaluation. Prestage G, Donovan B, Pawlita M, about HPV ecology. HBV treatment response in HBV/HIV seroreversion in homosexual men. Middleton MG, Mlambo E, Wilson Cross M, Wray L, Read PJ. Screening for Fairley CK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Whiley DM, Kaldor J, Jacob K, Sloots TP, coinfected individuals in tenofovir based Jin F, Waterboer T, Poynten IM, DP, McDonald AM for the National latent tuberculosis in newly diagnosed Waterboer T. Prevalence, incidence and Tabrizi S, Ward J, Donovan B, Anderson HAART in Thailand. Templeton DJ, Prestage G, Donovan Bloodborne Virus and Sexually patients with HIV infection at Sydney risk factors for HPV16 seropositivity in D, Fairley C, Guy R. The influence of Matthews GV, Applegate T, Tschochner B, Fairley CK, Garland SM, Pawlita M, Transmissible Infections Surveillance Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) in 2009- An homosexual men. organism load on the sensitivity of point- M, Plauzolles A, Mallal S, Grebely J, Grulich AE. Non-vaccine preventable Committee. Differences in trends in newly audit. Poynten IM, Waterboer T, Jin F, of-care test for Chlamydia. Hellard M, Lloyd A, Kaldor J, Dore high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosed HIV infection in Australia by Gilbert J, Read PJ, Lu H, McNulty A. Sex Templeton DJ, Prestage G, Donovan Williamson A, Read PJ. Targeting priority GJ, Gaudier S on behalf of the ATAHC infection in homosexual men. region of birth, 2002–2010. drugs and gen Z: at risk youth attending B, Pawlita M, Fairley CK, Garland SM, populations through social marketing is it Study Group. Ultra-deep sequencing Poynten IM, Jin F, Templeton DJ, Pham DQ. Transmitted drug resistance an outreach clinic in Sydney’s Eastern Grulich AE. HPV 6/11 seropositivity: risk cost effective? analysis of treatment naïve subjects with Prestage G, Donovan B, Pawlita M, among recently HIV infected patients. Suburbs. factors and relation to anogenital warts. recently acquired hepatitis C infection Fairley CK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Prestage GP, Bavinton B, Bradley J, Guy R, Wand H, Holt M, Mao L, Wilson Poznanski S, Vaisey A, Walker J, Wood A, demonstrates widespread amino acid Waterboer T. Prevalence, incidence and Clementson C, Cooper C, Davies G, Down DP, Bourne C, Drummond F, Honnor G, Lewis D, Guy R, Temple-Smith M, Hocking AIDS Vaccine 2011 Conference variation at key protease and polymerase risk factors for HPV16 seropositivity in I, Dowsett G, Duffin R, Greirson J, Grulich Keen P, Donovan B, Prestage G. Factors JS, on behalf of the ACCEPt Consortium. (Bangkok September) sites occurring at low frequency. homosexual men. AE, Honnor G, Hurley M, Keen P, Kennedy associated with insufficient syphilis testing A multifaceted intervention to increase Munier CML, Ip S, Bailey M, Xu Y, Liu S, Sacks-Davis R, Daraganova G, Aitken C, Poynten IM, Waterboer T, Jin F, M, Kidd P, Lake R, Lyons A, Maddedu D, among gay men in Australia. chlamydia testing in Australian general Denyer G, Cooper DA, Kent S, Zaunders J, Higgs P, Jenkinson R, Tracy L, Bowden S, Templeton DJ, Prestage G, Donovan Marriott K, Martin P, Norton G, Parkhill Guy R, El-Hayek C, Wand H, Carr A, practice. Kelleher AD. Primary immune responses Robins G, Pattison P, Grebely J, Barry A, B, Pawlita M, Fairley CK, Garland SM, N, Schema L, Scott M, Scott S, Slavin S, McAllister J, Hesse K, Bourne C, Baker D, Read PJ, Williamson A, Knight V, Allan to vaccinia virus vaccination: the role Hellard M. Evidence from the molecular Grulich AE. HPV 6/11 seropositivity: risk Smith A, Templeton D, Ward J. The Term Tee BK, Roth N, Fairley C, McNulty A, Hoy W, Bourne C, McNulty A. Which Men who of cytotoxic effector CD4+ T cells in the epidemiology of hepatitis C that social factors and relation to anogenital warts. MSM Demeans Us All. J, Stoove M, Chen M. Syphilis testing as have sex with men test for STIs at Mardi generation of human T cell memory. network research can identify transmission Regan DG, Philp DJ, Korostil I, Conway Prestage GP, Down I, Brown G, Hurley part of quarterly HIV management checks: Gras testing tent? pathways in people who inject drugs. EL, Stein AN, Law MG. Vaccine Efficacy M. Acting on Desire: The Role of Erectile the clinical reality. Read PJ, Martin L, McNulty A. Would you against HPV transmission: implications for Dysfunction Medication. Jin F, Poynten IM, Templeton DJ, self swab for STIs in a unisex toilet? Annual Meeting of the NIAID STI Herd Immunity. Reyes JF, Wilson DP. The relationship Prestage G, Donovan B, Fairley CK, Richters J, Coombs J, Templeton DJ. Cooperative Research Centers (Chapel IUSTI (New Delhi, November) between adherence to class-specific Garland SM, Pawlita M, Grulich AE, Sexual backgrounds of imprisoned male Hill USA, November) Ali H, Micallef J, Donovan B. antiretroviral therapy and HIV drug Waterboer T. Type-specific Human sex offenders. Craig A, Rank RG, Bowlin AK, Wang Y, Global Epidemiology of Human 23rd Annual Conference of the resistance mutations. Papillomavirus (HPV) L1 antibody Silver B, Taylor-Thompson D, Garton L, Wilson DP. Mathematical modelling Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. Australasian Society for HIV Medicine Schneider K. Expected epidemiological seroreversion in homosexual men. Hengel B, Knox J, Rumbold A, McGregor of the in vivo competition between (Canberra, September) impacts of introducing an HIV vaccine in Jin F, Waterboer T, Poynten IM, S, Guy R, Kaldor J, Ward J on behalf chlamydial variants. Bavinton B, O’Dwyer M, Rose T, Thailand: A model-based analysis. Templeton DJ, Prestage G, Donovan of the STRIVE Investigator GroupUse of 75th Anniversary National Health and Mckechnie ML, Prestage G, Zablotska Seneviratne N, Puls R, Humphries B, Fairley CK, Garland SM, Pawlita M, quality improvement strategies to address Medical Research Centre Scientific IB. Mapping of the Sydney gay A, Haskelberg H, Petoumenos K, Grulich AE. Non-vaccine preventable endemic rates of STI in remote primary Australasian Professional Society on Symposium (Canberra, November) community: preliminary findings about Courtney-Vega K, Emery S. Assessing site high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) health care services. Alcohol and other Drugs (APSAD) Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, the structure and size of gay community performance in a multinational clinical infection in homosexual men. Tilley DM, Hristov S, Sharp NC, (Hobart, November) Matthews GV,Suppiah V, Applegate T, networks and groups. trial. Lewis L, Bourne C, Drummond F, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC. Pap Deacon RM, Topp L, Wand H, Day CA, Yeung B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd Bavinton B, Singh N. Sexual behaviour Tynan A, Vallely A, Kelly A, Kupul Ramanathan V, Callander D, Hocking smears among women in residential drug Rodgers C, Haber PS, van Beek I, Maher L. A, Booth D, Kaldor J, George J, Dore GJ and HIV risk in men who have sex with M, Geita L, Law G, Milan J, Siba P, J, Wand H, Stoové M, De Wit J, Pell C, rehabilitation. Knowledge, acceptability and barriers to for the ATAHC Study Group Spontaneous men and transgender people in Fiji. Kaldor J, Hill P. Vasectomy as a proxy: Honor G, Lake R, McGuigan D, Edwards B, Vaisey A, Poznanski S, Edward L, Lewis hepatitis B vaccination among people who and treatment-induced clearance of recent Boyd M. Encore3 - LPV/r dose reduction Extrapolating Health System Lessons to Donovan B, Kaldor J, Guy R. Optimizing D, Lorch R, Maloney C, Shaw A, Smyth E, inject drugs. hepatitis C virus infection. PK study. Male Circumcision as an HIV Prevention clinical systems to increase HIV/STI Walker J, Wood A, Guy R, Temple-Smith Carey C, Courtney-Rodgers D, Kelly M, Strategy in Papua New Guinea. testing in gay men: the etest project. M, Hocking JS on behalf of the ACCEPt Wyman N for the INSIGHT STALWART Zablotska I, Prestage G, Holt M, Poynten Lockwood T, Knight V, Hanlon M, Bourne Consortium. Recruiting general practice 3rd International Conference HepDART Frontiers in Drug Study Group. Results of the follow-up M, Guy R, Grulich A. Australian gay C, Read PJ. How does contact tracing clinics for a STI intervention: strategies on Infectious Disease Dynamics Development for Viral Hepatitis (Koloa, stage of the STALWART study. men who have used non-occupational success impact on bacterial STI re- and tips from the field. (Epidemics3), (Boston, November) December) Carey D, Wand H, Pett SL, Bloch M, post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV (PEP) infection? Walker J, Hocking JS, Fairley CK, Tabrizi Korostil I, Peters G, Philp D, Law M, Grebely J, Feld JJ, Matthews GV, MacRae K, Beileiter K, Ray J, Boyd M, and in need for effective HIV prevention Machalek D. A systematic review and SN, Chen MY, Twin J, Taylor N, Donovan Regan D. Evaluation of the impact of Applegate T, Hellard M, Suppiah V, Cooper DA, Emery S. Pharmacokinetics, methods. meta analysis of the natural history B, Kaldor JK, McNamee K, Urban E, vaccination using an efficient forward- Sherker A, Petoumenos K, Shaw I,

88 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 89 n PUBLI C ATIONS

Yeung B, Kaldor JM, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ on behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Serum IP-10 is associated with early viral responses but not sustained virological response in patients with recent hepatitis C virus infection.

International Conference in AIDS and Peer-reviewed Whittaker M, Tanner M. The architecture HCV treatment response in genotype 1 STIs in Africa (ICASA) (Addis Adaba, and effect of participation: a systematic patients. Antivir Ther 2011;16:173-180. Ethiopia, December) A review of community participation Tynan A, Hill P, Law G, Millan J, Kelly A, Achhra AC, Phanuphak P, Amin J. Long- for communicable disease control and Bonevski B, Bowman J, Richmond R, Browne K, Sauk J, Kupul M, Siba P, Kaldor term immunological outcomes in treated elimination. Implications for malaria Bryant J, Wye P, Stockings E, Wilhelm J, Vallely A. Being circumspect about HIV-infected individuals in high-income elimination. Malar J 2011;10:204.Audsley K, Butler T, Indig D, Wodak A. Turning circumcision: penile cutting practices in and low-middle income countries. Curr J, Seaberg EC, Sasadeusz J, Matthews, of the tide: changing systems to address Papua New Guinea and their implications Opin HIV AIDS 2011;6:258-265. GV, Avihingsanon A, Ruxrungtham, smoking for people with a mental illness. for HIV prevention strategies. K Fairley K, Finlayson R, Hwang, HS, Ment Health Subst Use 2011;4:116-129. Achhra AC, Zhou J, Choi JY, Hoy Littlejohn M, Locarnini S, Dore GJ, Thio J, Zhang F, Templeton DJ, Merati CL, Lewin SR et al. Factors Associated Botes LP, Jin F, Bourne C, Pett S, Marriott T, Woolley I, Petoumenos K, Amin with Elevated ALT in an International D, Carr A, Cooper DA, Matthews GV, J; TAHOD and AHOD. The Clinical HIV/HBV Co-Infected Cohort on Long- Brew BJ, Hillman RJ et al. Participants’ Significance of CD4 Counts in Asian and Term HAART. PLoS One 2011;6:e26482. perspectives of self-collected anal Caucasian HIV-Infected Populations: cytological swabs. Sex Health 2011;8:257- Results from TAHOD and AHOD. J Int B 258 (letter). Assoc Physicians AIDS Care 2011;10:160- Baker JV, Neuhaus J, Duprez D, Cooper 70. DA, Hoy J, Kuller L, Lampe FC, Liappis A, Boulware DR, Huppler Hullsiek K, Friis-Moller N, Otvos J, Paton NI, Tracy Puronen CE, Rupert A, Baker JV, French Ahlenstiel CL, Lim HGW, Cooper R, Neaton JD for the INSIGHT SMART MA, Bohjanen PR,Novak RM, Neaton JD, DA, Ishida T, Kelleher AD, Suzuki K. Study Group. Inflammation predicts Sereti I for the INSIGHT Study Group Direct evidence of nuclear Argonaute changes in high-density lipoprotein (Cooper DA, Emery S, Drummond FM distribution during transcriptional particles and apolipoprotein A1 following members of the SMART study group; silencing links the actin cytoskeleton initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, Drummond to nuclear RNAi machinery in human 2011;25:2133-2142. F INSIGHT collaborators). Higher levels cells. Nucleic Acids Research 2011:1-17; of CRP, D-dimer, IL-6, and hyaluronic doi:10.1093/nar/grk891. Baker JV, Neuhaus J, Duprez D, Kuller acid before initiation of antiretroviral LH, Tracy R, Belloso WH, De Wit S, therapy (ART) are associated with Allison WE, Kiromat M, Vince J, Wand Drummond F, Lane HC, Ledergerber increased risk of AIDS or death. J Infect H, Cunningham P, Graham SM, Kaldor B, Lundgren J, Nixon DE, Paton NI, Dis 2011;203:1637-1646. J. Development of a clinical algorithm Neaton JD for the INSIGHT SMART to prioritise HIV testing of hospitalised Study Group (Cooper DA, Emery S, Bourne C, Knight V, Guy R, Wand H, paediatric patients in a low resource Drummond FM members of the SMART Lu H, McNulty A. Short message service moderate prevalence setting. Arch Dis study group; Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, reminder intervention doubles sexually Child 2011;96:67-72. Drummond F INSIGHT collaborators). transmitted infection/HIV re-testing rates Changes in inflammatory and coagulation among men who have sex with men. 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Ananworanich J, Kerr SJ, Vernazza P, Samples after Long-Term Storage at-20 Mangclaviraj S, Chaithongwongwatthana degrees C and-70 degrees C. J Clinical Bruce E, Bauai L, Sapuri M, Kaldor JM, S, Chotnopparatpattara P, Mahanontharit Microbiology 2011;49:3163-3167. Fairley CK, Keogh LA. HIV knowledge, A, Ubolyam S, Jupimai T, Cooper DA, risk perception, and safer sex practices Ruxrungtham K, Hirschel B. Genital Baleriola C, Rawlinson WD, Dore GJ, among female sex workers in Port shedding of HIV after scheduled Chaverot S, Stelzer-Braid S, Yoshihara Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Int J treatment interruption. Int J STD & AIDS M, Crawford D, Sievert W, McCaughan Womens Health 2011;3:53-61. 2011;22:61-66. G, Weltman M, Cheng W, Rizkalla B, Dubois D, Thommes J, Roberts S. Effect Bryant J, Ward J, Worth H, Hull P, Solar Atkinson J, Vallely A, Fitzgerald L, of low-level HCV viremia at week 24 on S, Bailey S. Safer sex and condom use: a

90 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 91 convenience sample of Aboriginal young experienced HIV-1-infected patients therapy on body composition and S member). Genotypic resistance at viral in the developing world: comparing three Gordon LG, Eckermann S, Hirst NG, people in New South Wales. Sex Health with M184V who are failing combination metabolic parameters over 48 weeks in rebound among patients who received risk equations in a cohort of HIV-infected Watson DI, Mayne GC, Fahey P, Whiteman 2011;8;378–383. therapy. HIV Med 2011;12:334-342. the TORO body imaging substudy. HIV lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz Thais. HIV Med 2011;112:510-515. DC for the Australian Cancer Study Med 2011;12:31-39. based first line therapy in South Africa. J Clinical Follow-Up Study. Healthcare Bull RA, Luciani F, McElroy K, Gaudieri S, Chi BH, Yiannoutsos C, Westfall AO, Acquir Immun Defic Synd 2011;58:304-308. 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Lancet Infect Dis Hyperlactataemia in HIV-infected subjects Gray RT, Hoare A, McCann PD, Bradley Bowonwattanuwong C, Klinbuayaem V, Templeton DJ, Law MG, Chaiwarith R, 2011;11:39-44. initiating antiretroviral therapy in a large J, Down I, Donovan B, Prestage GP, Petoumenos K, Hirschel B, Bhakeecheep Tanuma J. Predictors and outcomes of Couture MC, Sansothy N, Sapphon V, Phal randomized study (a substudy of the Wilson DP. Will changes in gay men’s S, Ruxrungtham K. Etravirine and HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients S, Sichan K, Stein E, Evans J, Maher L, Donovan B, Grulich AE. The quadrivalent INITIO trial). HIV Med 2011;12:602-609. sexual behaviour reduce syphilis rates? Sex rilpivirine resistance in HIV-1 subtype with discordant responses to combination Kaldor J, Vun MC, Page K. Young women HPV vaccine is effective prophylaxis Transm Dis 2011;38:1151-1158. 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Predictors (editorial). therapy with raltegravir or addition of A-Nantawat W, Puthanakit T, Bunupuradah INSIGHT FLU 002 and FLU 003 studies. of deferral of treatment for hepatitis C hyperimmune bovine colostrum in HIV- T, Prasitsuebsai W, Ananworanich J, Deacon RM, Wand H, Stelzer-Braid Vaccine 2011;Jul 22;29 Suppl 2:B56-62. infection in Australian clinics. Med J Aust Grebely J, Matthews GV, Hellard M, infected patients with suboptimal CD4+ Ruxrungtham K. The 14th Bangkok S, Treloar C, Maher L. Improving 2011;194:398-402. Shaw D, van Beek I, Petoumenos K, Alavi T-cell response: a randomized controlled international symposium on HIV medicine. surveillance for acute hepatitis C. Comm E M, Yeung B, Haber PS, Lloyd AR, Kaldor trial. J Infect Dis 2011;204:1532-1540. Future Virology 2011;6:409-412. Dis Intell 2011;35:16-20. Edwards-Jackson N, Kerr SJ, Tieu Gold J, Goller JL, Hellard ME, Lim MS, JM, Dore GJ for the ATAHC Study Group. 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92 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 93 Grebely J, Raffa JD, Lai C, Kerr T, Fischer Merati TP, Law MG, Choi JY on behalf Br J Haematol 2011;152:721-726. myocardial infarction risk in HIV-positive McManus H, Cooper DA, Petoumenos the general population. Int J STD AIDS B, Krajden M, Dore GJ, Tyndall MW. of The TREAT Asia HIV Observational individuals: the D:A:D study. J Infec Dis K on behalf of the Australian HIV 2011;22:381-386. Impact of hepatitis C virus infection on all- Database. Prevalence of and risk factors I 2011;204:521-525. Observational Database (AHOD) cause and liver-related mortality in a large for lipodystrophy among HIV-infected Iglesias MC, Almeida JR, Fastenackels S, (Templeton DJ, Law M, Petoumenos K, Malacova E, Butler T, Richters J, Yap L, community-based cohort of inner city patients receiving combined antiretroviral van Bockel DJ, Hashimoto M, Venturi Kariminia A, Chokephaibulkit K, Pang Marashi Pour S, Wright S, McManus H, Grant L, Richards A, Smith A, Donovan residents. J Viral Hepat 2011;18:32-41. treatment in the Asia-Pacific region: V, Gostick E, Urrutia A, Wooldridge L, J, Lumbiganon P, Hansudewechakul R, Boyd M AHOD contributors and members B. Attitudes towards sex: a comparison of results from the TREAT Asia HIV Clement M, Gras S, Wilmann PG, Autran Amin J, Kumarasamy N, Puthanakit T, of AHOD steering committee; Templeton prisoners and the general community. Sex Grebely J, Tyndall MW. Management of Observational Database (TAHOD). 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Blood 2011;118:2138-2149. practices among homosexually active men CM. HIV, cancer, and aging. Sex Health Kerr SJ, Rowett DS, Sayer GP, Whicker SD, Liu B, Brotherton J, Shellard D, Donovan in Australia: deliberate HIV risk reduction? 2011;8:521-525. Healey LM, Templeton DJ. HIV results: Iser DM, Avihingsanon A, Wisedopas Saltman DC, Mant A. All-cause mortality B, Saville M, Kaldor JM. Mobile phones Sex Transm Infect 2011;87:489-493. practice at public sexual health clinics in N, Thompson, Boyd A, Matthews GV, of elderly Australian veterans using COX- are a viable option for surveying young Guy R, Mustikawati DE, Wijaksono DB, NSW. Sex Health 2011;8:264-265. Locarnini S, Slavin J, Desmond PV, Lewin 2 selective or non-selective NSAIDs: a women: a comparison of two telephone Marashi Pour S, Woolley I, Canavan P, Nugraihini N, Priohutomo S, Silitonga SR. Increased intrahepatic apoptosis longitudinal study. Br J Clin Pharmacol survey methods. BMC Med Res Methodol Chuah JC, Russell D, Law M, Petoumenos N, Kaldor JM. Voluntary counselling Hemelaar J, Gouws E, Ghys PD, Osmanov but reduced immune activation in HIV- 2011;71:936-942. 2011;11:159. K. Triple class experience after initiation and testing sites as a source of sentinel S for the WHO-UNAIDS Network for HIV HBV co-infected patients with advanced of combination antiretroviral treatment information on HIV prevalence in a Isolation and Characterisation (Kelleher immunosuppression. J AIDS 2011;25:197- Kinner SA, Preen DB, Kariminia A, Lodwick R, Alioum A, Archibald C, Birrell in Australia: survival and projections. Sex concentrated epidemic: a pilot project from AD member). Global trends in molecular 205. Butler T, Andrews JY, Stoove M, Law P, Commenges D, Costagliola D, De Health 2011;8:295-303. Indonesia. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:505-511. epidemiology of HIV-1 during 2000-2007. M. Counting the cost: estimating the Angelis D, Donoghoe M, Garnett G, Ghys AIDS 2011;25:679-689. J number of deaths among recently P, Law M, Lundgren J, Ndawinz J, Presanis Martin A, Amin J, Emery S, Baker DA, Guy RJ, Ali H, Liu B, Poznanski S, Ward Jackson A, Hill A, Puls R, Amin J, Back released prisoners in Australia. Med J Aust A, Rhodes P, Sabin C, Salminen M, Carr A, Cooper DA, Bloch M for the STEAL J, Donovan B, Kaldor J, Hockin J. Heymer KJ, Wilson DP. Treatment for D, Lin E, Khoo S, Emery S, Morley R, 2011;195:64-68. Sommen C, Stanecki K, Stover J, Supervie study group. Predictors of limb fat gain in Efficacy of interventions to increase the prevention of HIV transmission in a Gazzard B, Boffito M. 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94 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 95 Down I, Donovan B, Wilson DP, Prestage Koelsch K, Kelleher AD. Integrated of Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 in a L, Hall W, Law M, Butler T. Increasing progression despite suppression of Munier ML, Kelleher AD, Ruxrungtham GP. Would gay men change their sexual HIV DNA reflects the accumulation of Randomized International Trial (ESPRIT). cancer mortality among opioid-dependent viral replication is associated with K. Immunogenicity assay validation for behaviour to reduce syphilis rates? Sex the latent pool prior to antiretroviral HIV Med 2011;12:219-227. persons in Australia: a new public health exhaustion of lymphopoiesis. Blood an HIV vaccine trial: high IFNγ+/IL-2+ Trans Dis 2011;38:1145-1150. therapy while episomal HIV DNA records challenge for a disadvantaged population. 2011;117:5142-515Schneider K, Kerr CD8+ T cells background in healthy ongoing transmission afterwards. AIDS Petoumenos K, Worm SW. HIV infection, ANZ J Public Health 2011;35:220-225. CC, Hoare A, Wilson DP. Expected Thais. Vaccine. 2011;29:6002-6007. McInnes D, Bradley J, Prestage G. 2011;26:543-550. ageing and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological impacts of introducing an Responsibility, risk and negotiation in the epidemiology and prevention. Sex Health Read P, Armstrong-Jones D, William HIV vaccine in Thailand: a model-based Small W, Ainsworth L Wood E, Kerr T. IDU discourse of gay men’s group sex. Cult Murray JM, Prestage G, Grierson J, 2011;8:465-473 (invited review). Tong CY, Fox J. Missed opportunities analysis. Vaccine 2011; 29:6086-6091. perspectives on the design and operation Health Sex 2011;13:73-87. Middleton M, McDonald A. Increasing for HIV testing – a costly oversight. QJM of North America’s first medically HIV diagnoses in Australia among men Pierce A, Yohannes K, Guy RJ, Watson 2011;104:421-424. Schneider K, Puthanakit T, Kerr S, Law supervised injection facility. Substance Use Mcintyre G, Groneman J, Yu Y, Tran A, who have sex with men correlated K, Armishaw J, Price B, Hoy J, Wright E, MG, Cooper DA, Donovan B, Phanuphak and Misuse 2011;46:561-568. Applegate T. Multiple shRNA combinations with the growing number not taking Stoove MA. HIV seroconversions among Regan DG. Population benefits of HPV N, Sirisanthana V, Ananworanich J, for near-complete coverage of all HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. Sex Health male non-occupational post-exposure vaccination for boys: a complex equation. Ohata J, Wilson DP. Economic evaluation Small W, Shoveller J, Moore D, Tyndall strains. AIDS Res Ther 2011;8:1. 2011;8:304-310. prophylaxis service users: a data linkage Evidence-Based Medicine 2011;204:372-376. of monitoring virologic responses to M, Kerr T. Injection drug users’ access to a study. Sex Health 2011;8;179-183. antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected supervised injection facility in Vancouver, McManus H, Li PCK, Nolan D, S Murray JM, Ritter A. Findings regarding Reid G, Higgs P. Vietnam moves forward children in resource-limited settings. AIDS Canada. Qual Health Res 2011;21:743- Kiertiburanakul, Choi JY, Mulhall B, reduced prevalence with hepatitis C Pitisuttithum P., Rerks-Ngarm S, Chiu J, with harm reduction: An assessment of 2011;25:1143-1151. 756. Petoumenos K, Zhou J, Law M, Brew treatment are still valid: A reply to Kim J, Benenson M, Kent SJ, Tamashiro progress. Global Public Health 2011;6:168- BJ, Wright E. Does use of antiretroviral Vickerman et al. Drug Alcohol Depend H, Manrique A, Bernstein A, Goyal R, 180. Schneider K, Richters J, Butler T, Yap Smith KR, Suppiah V, O’Connor K, Berg therapy regimens with high central 2011;113:86-87. Ditangco RA, Cooper DA, Osmanov S, L, Richards A, Grant L, Smith AMA, T, Weltman M Abate M L, Spengler U, nervous system penetration improve Mathieson B, Sandstrom E, Esparza J, Hoff Revell AD, Wang D, Boyd MA, Emery Donovan B. 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Eastern Mediterranean predict virological response to HIV therapy Shea B, Aspin C, Ward J, Archibald C, Identification of improved IL28B SNPs and Daar ES, Collier AC, Margolick J, Kilby Health Journal 2011;17:231-237. Poynten IM, Grulich AE. The emerging as part of an online treatment support Dickson N, McDonald A, Penehira M, haplotypes for prediction of drug response JM, Routy JP, Conway B, Kaldor J, Levy role of antiretroviral agents in HIV tool. AIDS 2011;25:1855-1863. Halverson J, Masching R, McAllister S, in treatment of hepatitis C using massively J, Schooley R, Cooper DA, Altfeld M, O prevention. Sex Health 2011;8:138-139 Tuhiwai Smith L, Kaldor JM, Andersson parallel sequencing in a cross-sectional Richman D, Connick E. 2011. Sex, race, O’Connor MB, O’Connor C, Horgan M, (editorial). Richmond R, Wilhelm K, Indig D, Butler N. HIV diagnoses in Indigenous peoples: European cohort. Genome Med 2011;3:57. and geographic region influence clinical Carr A, Cooper DA. Sexual activity of HIV T, Archer V, Wodak A. Cardiovascular risk comparison of Australia, Canada and New outcomes following primary HIV-1 patients. Ir J Med Sci 2011;180:777-779. Poynten IM, Templeton DJ, Grulich AE. among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Zealand. Int Health 2011;3:193-198. Smith W, Grady C, Krohmal B, Lazovski infection. J Infec Dis 2011;203:442-451. Sexually transmissible infections in aging smoking male prisoners: Inequalities J, Wendler D for INSIGHT ESPRIT Group Oliver BG, Price P, Wand H, French MA. HIV populations. Sex Health 2011;8:508-511. compared to the wider community. BMC Schofield P, Butler T, Hollis S, D’Este C. (Emery S Executive Committee member; Mocroft A, Lifson AR, Touloumi G, Increased plasma CXCL10 may be a marker Pub Health. 2011;11:783. 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AIDS Research and Treatment 2011; Sex Transm Inf 2011; doi:10.1136/ Developing and validating a risk scoring L doi:10.1155/2011/891593. sextrans-2011-050252. tool for chlamydia infection among sexual Ledger S, Savkovic B, Millington M, Impey health clinic attendees in Australia: a H, Boyd M, Murray JM, Symonds G. Cell- Grebely J, Bryant J, Hull P, Hopwood M, M simple algorithm to identify those at delivered gene therapy for HIV. Recent E-published only in 2011 Lavis Y, Dore GJ and Treloar C. Factors Mooney-Somers J, Olsen A, Erick W, high risk of chlamydia infection. BMJ translational research in HIV/AIDS. Tang associated with specialist assessment and Scott R, Akee A, Maher L on behalf Open.2011;1:e000005. YY, ed. Online: InTech; 2011. Available B treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in of the Indigenous Resiliency Project. at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ Baleriola C, Johal H, Robertson P, Jacka New South Wales, Australia. J Viral Hepat Young Indigenous Australian’s sexually Wand H, Guy R, Donovan B, McNulty recent-translational-research-in-hiv-aids B, Whybin R, Taylor P, and Rawlinson 2011;18:e104-116. transmitted infection prevention practices: AM. Population attributable risk for WD. Infectious disease screening of A Community-based Participatory chlamydia in young international travelers Lee E, Holt M, Mao L, McKenzie T, blood specimens collected post-mortem Guy R, Hocking J, Wand H, Stott S, Research project. Journal of Community (backpackers) and residents in Australia. Batrouney C, Kennedy M, Dixon M, provides comparable results to pre-mortem Ali H, Kaldor JM. How effective are and Applied Social Psychology. Journal of BMJ Open 2011;1:e000004. Prestage G, Zablotska I, de Wit J. Gay specimens. Cell and Tissue Banking short message service reminders at Community and Applied Social Psychology, Community Periodic Survey: Melbourne Available online: 8th April 2011. increasing clinic attendance: a meta- 2011;doi:10.1002/casp.1134. Wand H, Guy R, Wilson D, Law M, Maher 2011. Sydney: National Centre in HIV analysis and systematic review. BMC L. High rates of late HIV diagnosis among Social Research, The University of New C Health Serv Res 2011;doi:10.1111/j.1475- P people who inject drugs compared to men South Wales; 2011. Available at http:// Chow EPF, Wilson DP, Zhang L. Patterns 6773.2011.01342.x. Park JN, White B, Bates A, Enriquez J, who have sex with men and heterosexual

100 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 101 n INDEX OF STUDIES

Development of research tools to assess host and viral genetic variations 43 Do SMS reminders improve retesting rates after chlamydia infection in heterosexuals? 40 Do SMS reminders improve STI testing frequency in men who have sex with men (MSM)? 40 Dynamic trafficking of HIV spread 46 Economic, social and cross cultural issues in non-pharmaceutical protection of front line responders to pandemic influenza and emerging infections 31 Efficacy of interventions to increase the uptake of chlamydia screening in primary care: a systematic review 30 ENCORE1 21 ENCORE1 CNS Sub-study 21 ENCORE1 Intensive Pharmacokinetics Sub-study 21 ENCORE1 Neurocognitive Sub-study 22 ENCORE2 22 Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in Opiate Substitution Settings (ETHOS) 27 Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections, including human papillomavirus, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at four sites in Papua New Guinea (STIs in Pregnancy Study, PNG) 53 eTEST An initiative to enhance STI Testing in gay men 35 Ethno-epidemiological investigation of social and environmental contexts of HIV vulnerability among injection drug users, An 38 ETHOS: Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in Opiate Substitution Settings 27 Evaluation and cost effectiveness of HIV prevention in Asia 18 Evaluation and monitoring of six Commonwealth-funded STI Youth Demonstration Projects 49 Evaluation of sexual health services for men who have sex with men in Perth 39 Examination of injecting drug use life course and estimating prevalence and health consequences of a dynamic population 41 ACCEPt: Australian Chlamydia control effectiveness pilot study 35,47 Exploring the natural history of injection drug use: A qualitative study of social and environmental influences in the VIDUS cohort 38 ACCESS: Australian Collaboration on Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance 17 Extent and duration of unplanned antiretroviral treatment interruption in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review 30 ACHOS: Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study 28 FLU002 24 ACTIVATE: Response Guided Treatment for Patients with Chronic HCV Infection and Ongoing Injection Drug Use 26 FLU003 25 AHOD: The Australian HIV Observational Database 26 Gay Community Periodic Surveys: Periodic surveys of HIV risk behaviour 36 AHOD: The Australian HIV Observational Database STI project 31 Gay Community Periodic Surveys: Predictors of PEP awareness and use in Australian Gay Community 37 ALTAIR 21 Gay Community Periodic Surveys: Review of the history and methodology of the Australian behavioural surveillance and its implications for ALTAIR MRS Sub-study 21 policy and prevention 37 ANSPS: Australian needle and syringe program survey 17 Gay Community Periodic Surveys: Study of gay community attachment among Australian gay men and its implications for behavioural ART Intensification with raltegravir and hyper-immune bovine colostrum (CORAL) 22 surveillance and research 37 Assays of T-cell function, proliferation and cytotoxicity, and identification of antigen-specific T-cells 43 Genital chlamydia infection in young people: a review of the evidence 36 Assessment and prevention of injection-related injury and disease (IRID) among people who inject drugs 39 Geographic variation in anal cancer incidence in New South Wales 41 ATAHC II: Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C 27 GOANNA 47 ATAHC: Characterisation of reinfection/mixed HCV infection in recently acquired HCV 45 GP Pilot-Enhanced Treatment for Hepatitis C in Primary Care Settings 27 ATAHC: In-vivo hepatitis C virus adaptation to host in recently acquired HCV 44 HAVIT: Hepatitis acceptability and vaccination incentives trial 28 ATAHC: IP10, IL28B serum protein levels and T-cell responses in recently acquired HCV 44 Healthy Liver Campaign, The 38 ATAHC: RADAR: Resistance Against Directly Acting Antivirals in Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C 45 Hepatitis acceptability and vaccination incentives trial (HAVIT) 28 ATAHC: Transmission networks in recently acquired HCV in ATAHC 46 Hepatitis C vaccine preparedness studies 28 Australian Chlamydia control effectiveness pilot (ACCEPt) study 35,47 HepBank Clinical Sample Repository & Open Access Substudy database (LabKey) 43 Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study (ACHOS) 28 HIM (Health in Men) study: Chlamydia serovars in Australian homosexual men 41 Australian Collaboration on Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) 17 HIM (Health in Men) study: Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Australian homosexual men 36 Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) STI project, The 31 HIM (Health in Men) study: HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study 33 Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) The 26 HIV Consortium for Partnerships in Asia and the Pacific 51 Australian HIV Observational Database Temporary Residence Access Study, The 26 HIV drug resistance and viral tropism 43 Australian HIV Surveillance Report, The 13 HIV Modelling Grant 47 Australian Long-Term Non-Progressor Study 42 HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study (Health in Men study) 33 Australian needle and syringe program survey, The (ANSPS) 17 HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 13 Australian Red Cross Blood Service 2011 Surveillance Report, The 15 How quickly are results returned from conventional testing in sexual health clinics, and what factors influence the timing? 29 Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC II) 27 HPV Study PNG: Human papillomavirus infection among women attending sexual health clinics in Mt Hagen, Goroka and Port Moresby, Bibliometric analysis of research capacity building in HIV in low-income countries, A 50 Papua New Guinea 54 Biological and behavioural impacts of risk factors in HIV prevention research 54 HSV-2 / HIV Epidemiology Study, PNG 53 Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Surveillance Report 2011, The 13 Human papillomavirus infection among women attending sexual health clinics in Mt Hagen, Goroka and Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Cancer Council STREP Grant 27 (HPV Study PNG) 54 Cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and its relationship to cervical cytology and high-risk human Identifying predisposing factors for, and the consequences of, common and emerging infectious diseases 31 papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women attending Well Woman Clinics in Papua New Guinea (VIA Study PNG) 54 InC3: International collaboration of incident HIV and hepatitis C in injecting cohorts, The Collaborative Group 50 Characterisation of reinfection/mixed HCV infection in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) 45 Increasing completeness of ‘Aboriginality’ in infectious diseases data through record linkage – a feasibility study 48 CHARIOT: Investigation of the association between ITPA polymorphism, on-treatment anemia and treatment outcome in the CHARIOT cohort 44 Indigenous injecting use in Queensland (IIDU): a peer based research project 49 CHARIOT: Ribavirin concentrations in subjects with chronic HCV 46 INSIGHT NWCS for FIRST (CPCRA 058) banked plasma samples 42 Chlamydia and gonorrhoea point-of-care test laboratory evaluation 32 International Collaboration of Incident HIV and hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts (InC3) 50 Chlamydia incidence and re-infection study (CIRIS): a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian women 29 International pooled analysis of immune risk factors for lymphoma 41 Chlamydia re-test review 30 Investigating sexual behaviours among male/female adults and youths in Papua New Guinea 52 Chlamydia re-test trial 35 Investigating Transmission Dynamics of HCV Among injecting drug users in Canada and Australia (ITHACA) 45 Chlamydia testing and management practices in Australian family planning clinics 40 Investigation of the association between ITPA polymorphism, on-treatment anemia and treatment outcome in the CHARIOT cohort 44 CIRIS: Chlamydia incidence and re-infection study: a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian women 29 In-vivo hepatitis C virus adaptation to host in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) 44 Clinical service delivery for HIV-positive people in Australia 19 IP10, IL28B serum protein levels and T-cell responses in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) 44 Community-based behavioural and epidemiological surveillance among culturally and linguistically diverse populations 15 Is azithromycin adequate treatment for asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? an audit 29 CONNECT study: Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who have sex with men in Australia 37 ITHACA - Investigating Transmission Dynamics of HCV Among injecting drug users in Canada and Australia 45 CORAL: ART Intensification with raltegravir and hyper-immune bovine colostrum 22 LabKey: HepBank Clinical Sample Repository & Open Access Substudy database 43 Cost analysis of rapid HIV testing in sexual health clinics 29 Laboratory surveillance of incident HIV infection 42 Culturally and linguistically diverse MSM at SSHC: diagnostic and behavioural trends 41 LASA 25 DAD: The Data Collection on the Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study 26 LASH: The Law and Sexworker Health Project 17 Data Collection on the Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study, The (DAD) 26 Law and Sexworker Health (LASH) Project, The 17 Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal transmission of acute HCV infection within high-risk populations (RAMPT-C Study) 28, 36 Lentiviral vectors and gene therapy 46 Development and trial of Key Performance Indicators for sexually transmitted infection control in clinical settings with high bacterial prevalence 48 Liver Spots: A study of hepatitis B knowledge, treatment and health care among Indigenous Australians 49

102 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 103 Longitudinal study of bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium in young Australian women, A 29 (Gay Community Periodic Surveys) 37 MAGNIFICENT: Myocardial infarction, assessment of Antiretroviral and Genetic factors in Human Immunodeficiency virus infection 26 Ribavirin concentrations in subjects with chronic HCV (CHARIOT) 46 Male Circumcision Acceptability & Impact Study, PNG (MCAIS) 53 RNA inducing viral latency 44 Mapping gay community networks in Sydney, NSW 37 Risk factors for HIV seroconversion (The Seroconversion Study) 34 MARCH 25 Role of host genetics in chronic HCV combination treatment response 45 MARCH CNS substudy 25 Role of resiliency in responding to blood borne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Indigenous communities 49 MARCH renal substudy 26 SAMS: Sexually adventurous men’s study 36 MARCH resistance substudy 25 Scabies - Factors associated with scabies in a highly endemic population 52 MARCH – VE substudy 26 Seasonal trends in STI diagnoses: an investigation 40 Mathematical modelling of bacterial STIs in Australian sub-populations 33 SECOND-LINE 22 Mathematical modelling of human papillomavirus transmission 33 SECOND-LINE Body Composition sub-study 22 MCAIS: Male Circumcision Acceptability & Impact Study, PNG 53 SECOND-LINE Dried Blood Spot sub-study 22 Meanings and beliefs of cervical cancer, its causation, prevention and treatment in Papua New Guinea 54 The Seroconversion Study: Risk factors for HIV seroconversion 34 Merging National HIV and AIDS registries 14 Serological studies of HPV in gay Australian men 41 Modelling and economic evaluation of hepatitis C epidemic mitigation strategies in Australia 17 Sexually adventurous men’s study (SAMS) 36 Modelling cellular and intercellular dynamics of chlamydia infections 19 SHIMMER: NSW Aboriginal Health Research Program 48 Modelling interventions to prevent HIV infection and their acceptability among gay men in NSW 34 Situational analysis of public health responses to chronic hepatitis B in the Torres Strait, A 48 Modelling interventions to prevent syphilis infection and their acceptability among gay men 33 Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who have sex with men in Australia (CONNECT study) 37 Modelling the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV transmission to inform public health policy 19 SPANC study The (Study of the prevention of anal cancer) 41 Modelling, evaluation and health economic analysis of HIV epidemics in Australia 20 SPARTA 25 Monitoring cases of AIDS 15 SPARTAC: Randomised trial in primary HIV infection looking at three forms of intervention 21 Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed HIV infection 15 Specimen receipt and processing for clinical trials and natural history studies 42 Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed viral hepatitis 16 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy 23 Monitoring diagnoses of newly acquired HIV infection 15 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Arterial Elasticity 24 Monitoring HIV and viral hepatitis among blood donors 16 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Bone Mineral Density 24 Monitoring HIV antibody prevalence among prison entrants in Australia 16 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Genomics 23 Monitoring HIV prevalence and incidence through sexual health clinics 16 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Informed Consent Substudy 23 Monitoring HIV transmission through specialised tests for incident HIV infection 15 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Liver Fibrosis Progression 24 Monitoring long-term outcome of newly acquired HIV infection 15 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Neurology 23 Monitoring long-term outcomes of chronic hepatitis B and C 16 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy, Pulmonary Substudy 24 Monitoring perinatal exposure to HIV 15 Staying safe Sydney 38 Monogamy: meanings and practices among gay men 36 Staying safe: A sociology of how injecting drug users avoid viral infection in the long-term 51 Myocardial infarction, assessment of Antiretroviral and Genetic factors in Human Immunodeficiency virus infection: MAGNIFICENT 26 Staying safe: How do long term injecting drug users avoid hepatitis C infection? 35 NACS Masculinities Study, PNG: Qualitative longitudinal study to investigate constructions of masculinity, sexuality and agency among male STEAL Body Composition Sub-study 24 youth in Papua New Guinea 53 STEAL Bone biomarker Sub-study 24 National Blood-borne Virus and Sexually Transmissible Infections Surveillance and Monitoring Report 2011 13 STEAL HLA Sub-study 24 National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne Virus Survey (NPEBBVS) 2010 14 STI Modelling Grant 48 National Surveillance of Trachoma 14 STI Point-of-Care Test Field study 31 New hazards for young women sex workers: Effects and crises arising from recent anti-trafficking laws in Cambodia 51 STIs in Pregnancy Study, PNG: The epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections, including human papillomavirus, among pregnant women New Xpress STI screening clinic improves patient journey and clinic capacity at a large sexual health clinic 40 attending antenatal clinics at four sites in Papua New Guinea 53 Notifiable Diseases and Reproductive Health 31 Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START) 23 Novel inhibitors of HIV entry 46 STRIVE 47 Out on the Reef 36 Study of gay community attachment among Australian gay men and its implications for behavioural surveillance and research (Australian Gay Opposites Attract Study, The 33 Community Periodic Surveys) 37 PASH (The Pleasure and Sexual Health Study): understandings of risk among gay men 36 Study of the prevention of anal cancer, The: SPANC 41 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the primary health care setting: an investigation of clinical management 49 Study of the relationship between vitamin status and the severity of liver disease and outcomes of the treatment with Pegylated interferon PEP users in Sydney, NSW: pilot cohort 34 alfal 2A plus Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Genotype 1 infected patients, A 44 Periodic surveys of HIV risk behaviour (The Gay Community Periodic Surveys) 36 Support for national surveillance committees 13 PHAEDRA: Primary HIV and early disease research – Australian cohort Extension 42 Surveillance data from the highly specialised drugs program 28 PHIDISA Ia 21 Surveillance of genital warts through Australian sexual health services 17 PINT 21 Syphilis point-of-care test multi-site laboratory evaluation 31 Pleasure and Sexual Health (PASH) Study, The: understandings of risk among gay men 36 Syphilis testing in HIV positive men: a multi-site review 29 Predictors of PEP awareness and use in Australian Gay Community (Gay Community Periodic Surveys) 37 Systematic review and meta-analyses of HIV comorbid conditions 18 Predictors of research involvement for developing country UNSW Public Health research graduates 50 TAHOD: TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database 50 Primary HIV and early disease research – Australian cohort (PHAEDRA) Extension 42 TApHOD: TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Database 51 Projecting clinical and economic outcomes associated with people living with HIV (PLWH) in Australia 19 TAQAS: TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme 51 Qualitative longitudinal study to investigate constructions of masculinity, sexuality and agency among male youth in Papua New Guinea TASER: TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Resistance 50 (NACS Masculinities Study, PNG) 53 Transmission networks in recently acquired HCV in ATAHC 46 RADAR: Resistance Against Directly Acting Antivirals in Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) 45 TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) 50 RAMPT-C cohort 46 TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Database (TApHOD) 51 RAMPT-C Study: Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal transmission of acute HCV infection within high-risk populations 28,36 TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme (TAQAS) 51 Randomised trial in primary HIV infection looking at three forms of intervention (SPARTAC) 21 TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Resistance (TASER) 50 Randomised trial of rapid point-of-care tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in remote Aboriginal communities, A 35 Unprotected oral sex and sex workers at Sydney Sexual Health Centre 41 Rapid HIV testing in men who have sex with men in sexual health clinics in Sydney 30 Uptake and outcomes of chlamydia or gonorrhoea testing programs in non-clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis 30 REACCH: Research Excellence in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health 47 Use of SMS reminders to increase completion of Hepatitis A and B vaccination courses in a Sydney sexual health clinic, The 40 REACH: Research and education in HIV/AIDS for resource-poor countries: diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infected and uninfected children in Using CD4 counts at diagnosis to estimate incidence 15 Papua New Guinea with a T-cell based assay: a prospective study 52 Using mathematical models to assess the impact of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections in Australia 19 Relative efficacy of cash versus vouchers in engaging people who inject drugs (PWID) in research 39 VIA Study PNG: Cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and its relationship to cervical cytology and high-risk Report on the sex industry in New South Wales 18 human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women attending Well Woman Clinics in Papua New Guinea 54 Research and education in HIV/AIDS for resource-poor countries: REACH Initiative Diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infected and uninfected Women’s and men’s experiences of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in Papua New Guinea: a gendered socio-cultural children in Papua New Guinea with a T-cell based assay: a prospective study 52 analysis of barriers and facilitators for program engagement 52 RESTORE 26,42 Young Women’s Health Study II: Culture and HIV prevention in Cambodia 51 Review of the history and methodology of the Australian behavioural surveillance and its implications for policy and prevention Young Women’s Reproductive Health Study 16

104 annual report 2011 annual report 2011 105 About The Kirby Institute

The Kirby Institute was launched in 2011. It was formerly known as the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (NCHECR), which was established in 1986 by the Australian Government to fulfil a number of key roles in Australia’s fight against HIV/AIDS. The Kirby Institute is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales.

The Kirby Institute’s primary functions relate to the co-ordination of national surveillance programs, clinical research and clinical trials. While its original focus was exclusively on HIV/AIDS, the Kirby Institute’s work has expanded to encompass hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmissible infections. The Kirby Institute also conducts research into the transmission, prevention and natural history of these infections.

The Kirby Institute’s research program has increasingly taken on a regional focus, with major collaborative programs in Thailand and Cambodia. The Kirby Institute conducts research through eleven programs. Dissemination of the Kirby Institute’s research output is undertaken through publication in scientific journals and a range of surveillance reports.

This publication was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the position of the Australian Government.

ISSN No. 1441-2640

The Kirby Institute has four locations: Director’s Unit and the Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program: Level 4, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia

The Therapeutic Vaccine Research Program; Biostatistics and Databases Program; Sexual Health Program; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, Justice Health Research Program and the Public Health Interventions Research Group: UNSW Cliffbrook Campus, 45 Beach Street, Coogee NSW 2034

The HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program; Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program; Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program; Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health; Administration, and Finance: The CFI Building, Corner Boundary and West Streets, Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Postal address: The CFI Building, Corner Boundary and West Streets, Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Telephone +61 (2) 9385 0900 Web: www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/ Fax +61 (2) 9385 0920 Email: [email protected]

The Kirby Institute Annual Report 2011 Editor: Louisa Wright Design: Luke Gover/Gadfly Images: Louisa Wright and Claire Reynolds

106 annual report 2011