Kāpiti Coast Proposed District Plan: Review of Ecological Sites, Related Submissions and Plan Definitions

DRAFT

KĀPITI COAST PROPOSED DISTRICT PLAN: REVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL SITES, RELATED SUBMISSIONS AND PLAN DEFINITIONS

R3525c.1

DRAFT

KĀPITI COAST PROPOSED DISTRICT PLAN: REVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL SITES, RELATED SUBMISSIONS AND PLAN DEFINITIONS

Ecological Site K018-Castlehill Farm Bush, against the backdrop of Ecological Site K017-Tararua Ranges and foothills.

Contract Report No. 3525c.1

March 2016

Project Team: Astrid van Meeuwen-Dijkgraaf - Report author Steve Rate - Report author William Shaw - Report author Kelvin Lloyd - Report author

Prepared for: Kāpiti Coast District Council 175 Rimu Road Paraparaumu 5032

WELLINGTON OFFICE: 7A SUNLIGHT GROVE, ELSDON, P.O. BOX 50-539, PORIRUA Ph 04-237-7341; Fax 04-237-7496

HEAD OFFICE: 99 SALA STREET, P.O. BOX 7137, TE NGAE, ROTORUA Ph 07-343-9017; Fax 07-343-9018, email [email protected], www.wildlands.co.nz

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1

3. REVIEW PROCESS 3

4. ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 4

5. PREVIOUS SITE ASSESSMENTS 9

6. CURRENT SITE EVALUATION PROCESS 10 6.1 RPS Policy 23 - assessment of significance 11 6.1.1 Representativeness 11 6.1.2 Rarity 12 6.1.3 Diversity 13 6.1.4 Ecological Context 13 6.1.5 Tangata Whenua Values 14 6.2 Management priority ranking 14 6.3 Lowland bioclimatic zone 14 6.4 Mapping 15 6.4.1 Ecological and landscape features 15 6.4.2 Ecological Site K017 and other large Ecological Site boundaries 15 6.4.3 Boundaries of smaller Ecological Sites 16

7. ISSUES RAISED IN SUBMISSIONS 16 7.1 General comments on Ecological Sites 18 7.2 Submissions on Ecological Site K017 Tararua Ranges 19 7.3 Buffers around Ecological Sites 21 7.4 Dunes or dune landscapes 21 7.5 Tree trimming and modification 21 7.6 Locally indigenous vegetation 23 7.7 Sensitive natural features 24 7.8 Visits to sites submitted on 24

8. DESKTOP REVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL SITES 27

9. CHANGES TO SITE BOUNDARIES 29 9.1 Revision of Ecological Site K017 boundaries 29 9.2 Revision of Ecological Sites subsequent to site visits 30 9.3 Boundary changes to smaller Ecological Sites 30 9.4 Boundary changes as a consequence of Urban Tree Variation 30 9.5 Potential additional sites 31

10. SUMMARY 35

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 36

REFERENCES 36

REFERENCES USED IN DATABASE 39

APPENDICES

1. Non-regulatory methods for biodiversity protection in Kāpiti Coast District 42 2. Previous ecological surveys and significance criteria for Kāpiti Coast District 45 3. Singers and Rogers (2014) classification of New Zealand’s terrestrial ecosystems 51 4. Summary of submissions Wildlands was asked to review 52 5. Potential Ecological Site additions or alterations 59 6. Ecological Site data 63

TABLES

1. Previous Ecological Site surveys and assessments of significance for Kāpiti Coast District 10 2. Previous Ecological Site significance criteria for Kāpiti Coast District 10 3. Summary of general points on Ecological Sites raised in submissions 18 4. Summary of submission on Ecological Site K017 Tararua Ranges 19 5. Summary of submissions on buffering 21 6. Summary of submissions on dune landscapes 21 7. Summary of submissions on tree trimming and modification 21 8. Summary of submissions on locally indigenous vegetation 23 9. Summary of submissions on Sensitive Natural Features 24 10. Summary of outcomes of visits to sites submitted on 25 11. Summary of assessment and number of sites found to be ecological significant 28 12. Sites found to be significant for all ecological criteria of RPS Policy 23 29 13. Boundary changes to Ecological Sites and changes in site extent 32 A. Importance ranking for Ecological Sites in 2003 survey 47 B. Significance criteria for 2007 survey 48 C. Importance ranking used in 2012 survey 49 D. Significance and importance criteria used in 2012 survey 50

Reviewed and approved for release by:

______W.B. Shaw Director/Principal Ecologist Wildland Consultants Ltd

 Wildland Consultants Ltd 2016

This report has been produced by Wildland Consultants Ltd for Kāpiti Coast District Council. All copyright in this report is the property of Wildland Consultants Ltd and any unauthorised publication, reproduction, or adaptation of this report is a breach of that copyright.

1. INTRODUCTION

Kāpiti Coast District Council (KCDC) notified their Proposed District Plan (PDP) in November 2012. The PDP contains policies and rules1 for the protection of ecologically significant sites and the identification of those sites (Policy 3.11). Ecological Sites listed in Schedule 3.1 of the PDP had been identified through previous survey work, using significance criteria available at that time.

Once the PDP becomes operative, it will replace the current District Plan. Until then, the existing District Plan continues to have effect, although some rules do have immediate effect, such as those protecting:

 Areas of significant indigenous vegetation.  Areas of significant habitats of indigenous fauna, and  Historic heritage

Other provisions will only come into effect once submissions have been evaluated, hearings have been held, and necessary changes made.

A large number of submissions were received opposing parts of the PDP, some of the objectives, policies, rules, and map features, including the significance and location of Ecological Sites. The scale of submissions led KCDC to undertake independent review of the PDP and in July 2014 the Council resolved to continue with the review process and to delay formal hearings until 2016, to enable further engagement with submitters on key issues.

This report describes the review of ecological significance and the findings from reviews of Ecological Site boundaries.

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The following matters have been addressed in this project:

 Updating of all Ecological Sites using the most recent biodiversity information available.

 Ecological Site boundaries have been reviewed using the most recent aerial photography available and corrected if required.

 Values of all Ecological Sites have been assessed according to the criteria in Policy 23 of the Regional Policy Statement (proposed to be accepted as Policy 3.11 of the Proposed Kāpiti Coast District Plan).

 Management priority rankings have been assigned to significant sites, to help inform future management decisions.

1 KCDC also has a range of incentives to assist and encourage landowner to protect biodiversity values on private land. These are summarised in Appendix 1.

 Issues raised on ecological matters in submissions to the Proposed District Plan have been summarised and addressed.

 Site visits have been undertaken to Ecological Sites subject to submission, to review and address any concerns, and to make suggestions on status or boundaries.

3. REVIEW PROCESS

Revised Version of the Proposed District Plan

As part of engagement with submitters, policy analysists reviewed the 2012 PDP and proposed amendments to the objectives, policies, rules, and in some instances deleted map features associated with those changes. The changes were compiled into a revised version of the PDP known as the Submitter Engagement Version (SEV1) and made available in June 2015. This document does not have legal standing (changes need to be confirmed through the submissions and hearings process), but did signal policy direction from Kāpiti District Council and interested parties were invited to submit on the changes proposed.

Wellington Regional Policy Statement

The Regional Policy Statement for Wellington region (RPS) became operative in April 2013 (Greater Wellington Regional Council 2013), after the Kāpiti Coast PDP was notified in 2012. The RPS includes criteria for identification of Ecological Sites (Policy 232) and a requirement to protect significant ecosystems (Policy 243). The Resource Management Act 1991 (the RMA) requires the PDP to give effect to the RPS. The wording of Policy 3.114 in the 2012 PDP is broadly similar to RPS Policy 23, however it is proposed to replace the wording related to Ecological Site identification in the PDP (Policy 3.11) with the exact wording of RPS Policy 23, to ensure consistency. This change was included in the SEV.

Rural Issues Group

Some rural submitters formed a ‘Rural Issues Group’ (RIG) after lodging submissions relating to Chapter 3 (Natural Environment) and Chapter 7 (Rural Environment). A key focus for the group related to PDP provisions (objectives, policies, rules and mapping) associated with landscapes and Ecological Sites in the Tararua Foothills area and how these could affect the use of rural properties.

RIG hosted a series of meetings with Council staff and consultants and at a meeting on 17 December 2014 it was decided to progress technical review work to address

1 Kāpiti Coast District Council 2015: Proposed Kāpiti Coast District Plan. Submitter Engagement Version. Volume 1 - Plan. Kāpiti Coast District Council, Paraparaumu, Draft District Plan for submissions. 2 Identifying indigenous ecosystems and habitats with significant indigenous biodiversity values in district and regional plans. 3 Protecting indigenous ecosystems and habitats with significant indigenous biodiversity values - district and regional plans. 4 Criteria for identification of significant biodiversity.

issues associated with the Tararua Foothills. A small number of submitter properties were identified for “Pilot Studies”. This involved the District Council’s landscape and ecology consultants (Isthmus and Wildland Consultants, respectively) visiting the properties to review the 2012 PDP mapping and to discuss particular issues associated with each of those properties with the respective landowners.

As part of the engagement process, KCDC appointed independent working reviewers, in March 2015, to work with Isthmus and Wildland Consultants: landscape architect Frank Boffa, and ecologist Gerry Kessels, respectively. Their brief was to liaise directly with the rural submitters on an as-required basis through the Pilot Study process.

Protocols for the Pilot Group were developed and discussed, site visits were undertaken to three properties, and reports were prepared for each of the landowners, summarising landowner concerns, ecological values, and any proposed changes to Ecological Site boundaries.

The technical review also raised a number of issues that needed to be resolved, including interpretation of the RPS significance criteria and the occasional inclusion of exotic vegetation or lower value indigenous shrubland within parts of the K017 boundary. It was resolved to review the boundary of K017 using the most recent aerial photography available and to hold a methodology workshop to discuss and agree on interpretation of significance criteria.

Significance Criteria Workshop

An ecologists workshop was held to review the interpretation of the RPS Policy 23 significance criteria and other matters that could affect Ecological Site significance assessments. This workshop occurred on 9 September 2015 and included ecologists Kelvin Lloyd and Astrid van Meeuwen-Dijkgraaf (Wildland Consultants), Gerry Kessels, and Vaughan Keesing. The workshop was facilitated by Stephen Daysh (Environmental Management Services), and Jamie Steer (Greater Wellington Regional Council, responsible for developing Method 21 Guidelines1) attended as an observer. The workshop provided a forum for open discussion, on a ‘without prejudice’ basis, to discuss how the RPS Policy 23 criteria should be interpreted and to define a methodology suitable for determining the ecological significance of the PDP Ecological Sites. A peer-reviewed report was produced which sets out the agreed methodology to assess ecological significance and the location of the boundaries of Ecological Sites (Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology 2015).

4. ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

In New Zealand, local authorities must provide for the identification and protection of significant areas in their districts or regions under the provisions of the Resource Management Act (1991) (hereafter RMA). The purpose of the RMA is to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources while balancing:

1 Draft Method 21 Guidelines “Identifying and protecting biodiversity in the Wellington Region: A guide to interpreting criteria in the Regional Policy Statement” were made available on 30 October 2015.

 Social, economic, and cultural well-being,  Sustaining the potential of natural and physical resources, and  Safeguarding the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil, and ecosystems.

Adverse effects on the environment are to be avoided, remedied, or mitigated.

Significance has a specific statutory meaning derived from S6(c) of the RMA, addressing the protection of areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna. Section 6(c) of the RMA applies to private and public conservation land, as significant sites within both land types can be modified or destroyed by various threats. How sites should be protected is another matter, and relates to the relative value of areas, habitats, species or ecosystems, threats, vulnerabilities, and priorities for protection and management.

The RMA does not, however, define what is actually ‘significant’, although the term has been the subject of much discussion among ecologists and its meaning has been broadly clarified through RMA hearings, including before the Environment Court and Boards of Inquiry. The Government’s Proposed National Policy Statement (NPS) on Indigenous Biodiversity defines the scope of Section 6(c) of the RMA as follows:

An area of significant indigenous vegetation or a significant habitat of indigenous fauna is an area or habitat whose protection is important for the maintenance of indigenous biological diversity. (MfE 2011)

This definition makes an important link between Section 6(c) and Sections 30 and 31 of the RMA, which state that one of the functions of local authorities is the maintenance of indigenous biological diversity.

Ecologists at the PDP methodology workshop in 2015 agreed that significance is a binary decision. A site either is, or isn’t, significant for a particular aspect or criterion. To be considered as being significant, a site needs to meet one or more of the criteria in RPS Policy 23. Meeting several criteria does not make a site more significant, but could potentially indicate that a site is more important. All significance criteria are equivalent and no significance criterion should be considered to be more important than another criterion.

Councils such as the KCDC are required under Section 6(c) of the RMA, as a matter ‘of national importance’, to recognise and provide for the protection of ‘areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna’. Assessment of ecological ‘significance’ is central to this determination.

A recent review for the Canterbury Region (Wildland Consultants 2013a) found that most regional and territorial authorities assess the ecological significance of sites by defining a range of significance criteria against which site values are to be assessed. In general, a site is considered to be of ecological significance if it meets one or more of the criteria in these criteria sets.

Criteria sets vary between regions and districts, as does the extent of guidance given to those required to interpret the criteria. Criteria sets are generally based on the same

ecological principles throughout the country, but are appropriately nuanced to serve the particular needs of a particular region or district. In many cases, no further guidance is given above and beyond the Plan definition of each criterion, and poorly- worded or ambiguous criteria can lead to differences in interpretation (Wildland Consultants 2013a).

Significance assessments almost always require site visits, because existing information is lacking, was collected for a different purpose, or is out-of-date. All criteria-based approaches carry risks that significant areas of indigenous vegetation and/or habitats may not meet criteria thresholds if they are not well-defined or if they are applied incorrectly. Explicit well-defined criteria and guidelines are important for reducing ambiguity that can hinder efficient and effective resource management decision-making (Wildland Consultants 2013a).

It is important that those undertaking assessments are well-qualified and experienced, and apply the criteria correctly. The criteria set, and any guidance, should be easily available, so that landholders understand when resource consents may needed for activities that potentially affect significant areas of indigenous vegetation and habitats. It is likely that advocacy1 will be required when new policies are established (Wildland Consultants 2013a).

‘Second Generation’ Significance Criteria

‘Second generation’ significance criteria sets have generally converged on assessment of areas and habitats against four key ecological factors:

 Representativeness.  Rarity or distinctive features.  Diversity and pattern.  Ecological context.

Each of these factors can have more than one criterion and areas are considered to be significant if they meet the significance threshold of one or more of the following criteria:

Representativeness is a fundamental criterion as it is the only one that captures ‘all classes’ of indigenous vegetation and habitat and focusses on the typical or characteristic classes. Representativeness is concerned with maintaining natural ecological functions, processes, and patterns in time and space. The representativeness criterion should aim to capture representative examples of a type of vegetation or habitat. The Greater Wellington RPS imposes additional qualifiers on this, so that to meet the representativeness criterion, a habitat type must also be strongly reduced, and poorly protected. Strongly reduced habitat types are best dealt with under the rarity criterion, while protected status is not an ecological criterion. These qualifiers depart from the normal meaning of representativeness. Degraded

1 An example of Significant Natural Areas information from Waikato Region http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/16139/Significant%20natural%20areas%20in%20the%20 Waikato%20region%20Oct%202011.pdf

examples can be defined as significant under this criterion where they are some of the best remaining of their type.

Rarity and distinctive/special features includes distinctive rare and threatened species, ‘communities’, ‘ecotones, mosaics and sequences’ and can include common species at the limits of their distributional range. It also addresses ‘historically rare’ ecosystems (c.f. Williams et al. 2007), such as limestone landscapes, as these are often habitat for specialist species and distinctive vegetation types. Rarity is also the proper place for criteria based on indigenous vegetation and habitat classes that have become much reduced compared to their former extent.

Diversity and pattern can include the number of ecosystems or habitat types within an area, the number of vegetation tiers, unusual combination of species, and diverse landforms. It is important that apples are compared with apples, as some indigenous ecosystems, for example indigenous sand dune ecosystems, have much lower natural indigenous habitat and species diversity than, for example, indigenous forest ecosystems.

Ecological context considers the spatial pattern within a wider landscape; including linkages between habitats, and buffering of indigenous habitat that helps to connect these units and form a more cohesive or compact site. Mosaics of indigenous vegetation may be included in a significant area because an assemblage of small areas, overall, can comprise a significant area. It can also assess how fauna use the landscape, and whether an area is significant because it provides regularly-used habitat along a dispersal route. Significant habitat for fauna can include both areas of indigenous or exotic vegetation, or aquatic habitats such as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, lagoons, and estuaries. The key requirement is that the habitat must be important habitat for indigenous fauna. The indigenous fauna do not need to be Threatened or At Risk species to qualify under this criterion (Wildland Consultants 2013a).

Criteria are often established as part of a public process and in many instances the criteria have been endorsed by the Environment Court through hearings on District or Regional Plans and for development projects. The significant areas may also be ranked by relative importance (e.g. international, national, regional, local), to enable prioritisation of resources when considering the protection requirements for their values.

National Priorities for Biodiversity Protection on Private Land

Four non-statutory national priorities are available for the protection of indigenous biodiversity on private land (Ministry for the Environment 2007):

 Indigenous vegetation in land environments where less than 20% of the original indigenous vegetation cover remains.  Indigenous vegetation associated with sand dunes and wetlands.  Indigenous vegetation located in ‘originally rare’ terrestrial ecosystem types not covered under 1) and 2) above.  Habitats of Threatened and At Risk indigenous species.

The national priorities for the protection of rare and threatened biodiversity on private land are an important part of the government’s response to help deliver the New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy goal: ‘to halt the decline in New Zealand’s indigenous biodiversity’. It has identified specific vulnerable ecosystems and habitats, and provided this information to regional and local government. However, the statement of national priorities does not aim to identify all indigenous biodiversity that is to be maintained by councils under Sections 30 and 31 or identified as significant under Section 6(c) of the Resource Management Act (Ministry for the Environment 2007).

Planning Context

Obligations of the Kāpiti Coast District Council to identify indigenous ecosystems and habitats are set out in Policy 23 of the Regional Policy Statement for the Wellington region. Ecosystems and habitats will be considered significant if they meet one or more of the criteria below.

Policy 23: Identifying indigenous ecosystems and habitats with significant indigenous biodiversity values - district and regional plans

District and regional plans shall identify and evaluate indigenous ecosystems and habitats with significant indigenous biodiversity values; these ecosystems and habitats will be considered significant if they meet one or more of the following criteria:

(a) Representativeness: the ecosystems or habitats that are typical and characteristic examples of the full range of the original or current natural diversity of ecosystem and habitat types in a district or in the region, and: (i) are no longer commonplace (less than about 30% remaining); or (ii) are poorly represented in existing protected areas (less than about 20% legally protected).

(b) Rarity: the ecosystem or habitat has biological or physical features that are scarce or threatened in a local, regional or national context. This can include individual species, rare and distinctive biological communities and physical features that are unusual or rare.

(c) Diversity: the ecosystem or habitat has a natural diversity of ecological units, ecosystems, species and physical features within an area.

(d) Ecological context of an area: the ecosystem or habitat: (i) enhances connectivity or otherwise buffers representative, rare or diverse indigenous ecosystems and habitats; or (ii) provides seasonal or core habitat for protected or threatened indigenous species.

(e) Tangata whenua values: the ecosystem or habitat contains characteristics of special spiritual, historical or cultural significance to tangata whenua, identified in accordance with tikanga Māori.

Management Rankings

Ranking of sites for management purposes is related to significance but also includes other considerations. Management actions are often prioritised on a scale which could be numeric (e.g. 5 is best, 1 is worst) or descriptive (e.g. high, moderate, low). Such rankings can be useful, along with other information, to inform management decisions, allocate resources, focus efforts on particular geographic regions, or to evaluate one or more aspects across multiple sites.

Site rankings may be determined on the basis of various factors, such as inherent ecological values and proximity to other sites, or the degree of modification and vulnerability to threats, or the extent to which similar ecosystems are formally protected. For example, a particular district may contain 200 sites that are considered to be ecologically significant, but only 20 of those sites are considered to be important for the maintenance of a particular terrestrial species.

5. PREVIOUS SITE ASSESSMENTS

The 1995 Proposed Kāpiti Coast District Plan contained a Heritage Register and a list of 138 Ecological Sites. These were mainly forest remnants or wetlands identified by the Department of Conservation. That plan became operative in 1999, with 133 sites.

Field inspections of Ecological Sites were undertaken in 2002-2003, to confirm or identify boundaries and to collect ecological information (Wildland Consultants 2003a, 2003b). This included 171 sites with additional surveys and assessment of wetlands in a separate report (Table 1, and additional details in Appendix 2).

In 2007, 47 additional terrestrial and wetland sites (excluding K017) were surveyed and assessed (Wildland Consultants 2007), and four more sites were proposed in 2012 (Wildland Consultants 2012). These assessments underpin the selection of sites included in the 2012 PDP.

The following information was collected for each site during the 2002-2007 surveys:

 Brief site description and main vegetation and habitat types.  Fauna (indigenous and exotic).  Threats from invasive plants or fauna.  The presence of North Island fernbird and spotless crake was surveyed for at wetlands.  Vegetation types were mapped using aerial photographs in the field, and key points were verified using a GPS unit.  Human activities (positive/negative effects).  Management and monitoring requirements.

The 2012 survey collected similar information and only differed in that wetland bird calls were not played at wetlands.

Table 1: Previous Ecological Site surveys and assessments of significance for Kāpiti Coast District

Survey Reported Field Survey Recommended Wildlands Comments Year On Undertaken for Inclusion Report No. 2002-2003 171 166 132 662 2003 69 64 59 Includes some sites 669 Wetlands from 2002-2003 survey 2007 47 47 29 Excluding K017 1684 2012 4 4 3 2984 Included in 2012 PDP 173

The significance assessment and importance ranking criteria are similar for all surveys and reflected best practice methodology at the time of the survey. This has resulted in slight changes in emphasis when assessing site significance (Table 2). The 2012 criteria relate directly to the criteria in the Proposed Regional Policy Statement for the Wellington Region (Greater Wellington Regional Council 2012).

All ecologically significant sites were also ranked for importance - usually as Internationally, Nationally, Regionally, or Local - and this information was included in the District Plan schedules listing ecologically significant sites (more information is provided in Appendix 2).

Table 2: Previous Ecological Site significance criteria for Kāpiti Coast District.

2002-2003 and Survey Year 2007 2012 2003 Wetlands Significance  Representativeness  Representativeness  Representativeness: criteria  Diversity and pattern  Rarity - Representative  Naturalness  Diversity - Land Environment NZ  Size and shape  Distinctiveness  Rarity:  Rarity and special  Continuity and Linkage - Habitats features within landscape - Flora  Buffering and  Cultural Values - Fauna connectivity  Ecological Restoration  Diversity:  Viability  Landscape Integrity - Communities  Sustainability  Context: - Connectivity - Seasonal patterns

6. CURRENT SITE EVALUATION PROCESS

The description and Ecological Site boundaries in the notified PDP were drawn from the previous Wildland Consultants reports referred to above. After notification of the PDP, but prior to the commencement of the independent review, KCDC commissioned Wildland Consultants to review the significance of all Ecological Sites through a desktop review and visits to Ecological Sites where landowners had made submissions on a site. This process was halted late in 2013. At that stage not all submitter sites had been visited, and the results from visits undertaken to that stage had not been formally written up.

The workshop on methodology and significance criteria in 2015 resulted in some agreed outcomes (summarised in Section 6.1) that required the significance of all Ecological Sites listed in Schedule 3.1 to be evaluated in a desktop review to ensure

that all sites met PDP Policy 3.11/RPS Policy 23 criteria (hereafter referred to as RPS Policy 23). This desktop reassessment of all Ecological Sites was undertaken over the period November 2015 to January 2016.

In addition, a Submitters Workshop was held on 19 October 2015 to enable face-to- face discussion about some of the proposed changes and findings (e.g. the Methodology report). KCDC issued an invitation to all submitters on Ecological Sites not already visited in 2013, including some new submitters, for an ecologist to visit their property, discuss any issues, and to undertake a field survey to inform the assessment of significance for that site. These site visits were completed during November - December 2015. Reports were prepared summarising landowner concerns, ecological values, and any proposed changes to Ecological Site boundaries. These were provided to landowners for review during December 2015 and January 2016, and the 13 reports were finalised in February 2016.

6.1 RPS Policy 23 - assessment of significance

Findings from the methodology workshop were presented in a peer reviewed report which sets out the methodology agreed to assess ecological significance and the location of the boundaries of an Ecological Site (Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology 2015). The agreed methodology was used to assess the significance of all Ecological Sites in Schedule 3.1 of the PDP.

Table 2 of the methodology report (Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology 2015) summarises the agreed attributes and data sources to be used to assess the RPS Policy 23 criteria and these attributes and data sources are consistent with those listed in the Draft RPS Method 21 report (Greater Wellington Regional Council 2015). The sections below outline key findings with regards to assessment of ecological significance.

6.1.1 Representativeness

RPS Policy 23:

The ecologists agreed that the Singers (2014) vegetation layer provided the only reasonable spatial data (in terms of sufficient resolution of vegetation classes) that could be used to identify whether part, or all, of an Ecological Site is representative habitat at the regional or Kāpiti Coast District scale.

Typical and Characteristic

Singers (2014) mapping was to be used to make an assessment as to whether the vegetation types described are typical and characteristic:

 Indigenous species are dominant; and  Most of the expected species and tiers of the vegetation type(s) are present for the relevant class of ecosystem or habitat type.

Current habitat descriptions for each Ecological Site have been reviewed and assessments made as to whether they match the Singers and Rogers (2014) classification (as mapped by Singers 2014). This information is provided in Appendix 2 of the methodology report (Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology 2015).

It was also agreed that the minimum area of forest or scrub to be considered as comprising a potentially representative Ecological Site was 0.5 ha. Wetlands should not have an area limit but be dominated (i.e. comprise 50% or more) by indigenous vegetation and/or water.

6.1.2 Rarity

RPS Policy 23:

(b) Rarity: the ecosystem or habitat has biological or physical features that are scarce or threatened in a local, regional, or national context. This can include individual species, rare and distinctive biological communities and physical features that are unusual or rare.

The ecologists agreed that “threatened” includes any Threatened or At Risk taxon in a relevant national classification system:

 Department of Conservation threatened species classification system (Hitchmough et al. 2007, and relevant papers for each taxonomic group).

 Threatened and originally rare terrestrial ecosystem classification (Williams et al. 2007, Wiser et al. 2014, Holdaway et al. 2012.).

 Threatened Land Environment Classification (TEC, Cieraad et al. 2015), to assess remaining indigenous vegetation and the proportion legally protected at a national scale.

 The New Zealand Geopreservation Inventory for the Wellington region (Kenny and Hayward 1996) for physical and geological features.

 Regionally rare fauna were listed in the methodology report (Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology 2015) and regionally rare plants as per Sawyer (2004)

6.1.3 Diversity

RPS Policy 23:

(c) Diversity: the ecosystem or habitat has a natural diversity of ecological units, ecosystems, species and physical features within an area.

Diversity has to be evaluated relative to the particular ecosystem or habitat type; some of which may be naturally more diverse than other types. It should also be evaluated relative to the pre-human baseline condition and other remaining similar ecosystems and habitats.

The degree of diversity, and whether this is considered to be significant, is a professional judgement call.

6.1.4 Ecological Context

RPS Policy 23:

(d) Ecological context of an area: the ecosystem or habitat:

 Enhances connectivity or otherwise buffers representative, rare or diverse indigenous ecosystems and habitats; or  Provides seasonal or core habitat for protected or threatened indigenous species.

The ecologists agreed that the criteria for ecological context in the West Coast Regional Council vs Friends of Shearer Swamp and other parties (Appendix 8 of the decision, reproduced in Appendix 1 of the methodology report) seemed appropriate. Thus a site will be considered significant for ecological context if it has one or more of the following functions or attributes:

 It plays an important role in protecting adjacent ecological values, including adjacent and downstream ecological and hydrological processes, indigenous vegetation, habitats or species populations; or

 Is an important habitat for critical life history stages of indigenous fauna including breeding/spawning, roosting, nesting, resting, feeding, moulting, refugia, or migration staging points (as used seasonally, temporarily or permanently); or

 It makes an important contribution to ecological networks (such as connectivity and corridors for movement of indigenous fauna); or

 It makes an important contribution to the ecological functions and processes within the Ecological Site, and potentially within the landscape.

A site will be deemed to be significant for ecological context if there is evidence or justification for supporting one or more of the above functions or attributes, and especially where the ecological context supports populations of protected terrestrial

indigenous species as defined in the Wildlife Act 1953 S.3 ‘Wildlife to be protected’, or indigenous fish species and their migratory pathways.

GWRC Policy 23 criteria refers to the relationship of a site to “representative, rare or diverse ecosystems”. It would therefore be appropriate for these buffers or connections to be included with the ‘representative, rare or diverse ecosystem’ site. It is not appropriate to identify a site as significant solely on its role as a buffer or corridor.

6.1.5 Tangata Whenua Values

RPS Policy 23:

 Tangata whenua values: the ecosystem or habitat contains characteristics of special spiritual, historical or cultural significance to tangata whenua, identified in accordance with tikanga Māori.

Assessment of tangata whenua values is generally outside the expertise of ecological specialists and should be evaluated by a specialist in that field.

6.2 Management priority ranking

The methodology workshop participants and KCDC decided that it would be useful to provide a ranking for each Ecological Site to assist with any future management priority ranking. These rankings are provided unweighted. Weighting(s) can be applied as required when management decisions are being made: for instance higher rankings for sites that are already fenced, or for sites that are within 500 m of another Ecological Site, or where a community group or private landowner is already undertaking management of the site. Weighting is a management decision and will vary according to the question posed.

The ecologists reviewed, adapted, and revised a proposed site ranking framework for ecological values (provided in the Methodology report). This ranking process is broadly aligned with that developed by the Greater Wellington Regional Council for the identification of regionally significant wetlands.

6.3 Lowland bioclimatic zone

Section 3.6 of the RPS notes that loss of lowland ecosystems is of particular concern to Wellington iwi. Through the pre-hearing process in Kāpiti Coast District it became apparent that there was some misconception with regards to what constitutes lowland environments. Some landowners understood lowland to comprise the flat coastal plains and to not include the Tararua foothills. However, from a technical perspective lowland comprises the ecosystems and habitats below the altitude where broadleaved podocarp forest (e.g. podocarp/tawa) transitions to mainly beech-dominated forest. The exact altitudinal position where this occurs varies throughout the country and relates to the cold-tolerance of the key canopy species (Wardle 2002). In the Kāpiti Coast District key lowland canopy species include tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa), kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile), northern rātā (Metrosideros robusta), kāmahi (Weinmannia racemosa), tītoki (Alectryon excelsus subsp. excelsus), and māhoe

(Melicytus ramiflorus). The lowland altitudinal boundary in Kāpiti Coast District occurs at about 600 m above sea level.

Note that the lowland bioclimatic zone is a different concept to the Ecological Domains included in the PDP.

6.4 Mapping

6.4.1 Ecological and landscape features

Wildland Consultants collaborated with Isthmus to ensure that where the boundaries of Ecological Sites and landscape features overlapped then both followed logical identifiable features (e.g. vegetation edges or changes in habitat type) or were aligned with property boundaries where this was appropriate. There are some additional mapping issues that still need to be resolved, in particular the location of the seaward boundary of landscape areas and Ecological Sites, and around river and stream mouths. There was no definitive information about whether these features should include all of the identifiable features (which is currently the case) or be excluded below Mean High Water Springs (MHWS), which is GWRC jurisdiction.

6.4.2 Ecological Site K017 and other large Ecological Site boundaries

 The boundary of site K017 was overlain on to the most recent aerial photography (2013) available for rural areas and maps, produced at scale of 1:3000. This resulted in a total of 659 A3 pages to cover all of the K017 Ecological Site.

 Those areas that were not part of public conservation land (that is managed by the Department of Conservation) were identified and viewed on-screen.

 Any pages with sites potentially requiring boundary changes were printed. Changes were marked on the aerial images and clearly identified then scanned to the Wildland Consultants’ GIS team to action.

 Changes included removal of: - Areas of indigenous shrubland, fernland, indigenous treeland, or scrub which, combined, were less than five hectares in extent within a property, as well as areas dominated by non-indigenous plant species. It was also necessary for the excluded areas to be accurately map-able, with no evidence that the area provides important habitat for Threatened or At Risk or regionally uncommon species, or included Threatened or At Risk vegetation types. - Minor overlaps of Ecological Site K017 on to private property. Where the fenced property boundary was close to the 2012 KCDC PDP Ecological Site boundary then, where it was practical to do so, the property boundary was followed, provided that the area to be excluded from an Ecological Site: • Did not provide important habitat for Threatened or At Risk or regionally uncommon species or comprise Threatened or At Risk vegetation types.

• Comprised less than one hectare in total within the property boundaries of indigenous forest dominated by lowland species such as tawa, kāmahi, kohekohe, northern rātā, or podocarp species; or • Comprised less than five hectares of forest within the property boundaries, taller than four metres, dominated mostly by early successional forest species, such as māhoe, māpou (Mysine australis), Coprosma species, and Pseudopanax species; or • Comprised less than five hectares of mixed indigenous-exotic or indigenous vegetation types that comprise more recent or highly modified vegetation types within the property boundaries, such as shrublands, lowland fernlands, lowland treeland, and lowland scrub.

Boundaries of all other large Ecological Sites, larger than 50 hectares, were viewed on- screen, the boundaries were checked, and similar adjustments were made, as described above, where this was required.

6.4.3 Boundaries of smaller Ecological Sites

Boundaries of all Ecological Sites were checked during the desktop review of the ecological significance assessments. Where the features on the aerials were no longer aligned with the Ecological Site boundaries then recommendations were made on how these should be adjusted. Where this resulted in a decrease in Ecological Site size, the changes were incorporated into the GIS shapefile. However, any increases in Ecological Site size will require consultation with landowners.

Changes to Tree Protection Rules

Due to changes to the Resource Management Act, ‘blanket’ tree protection rules for urban areas, such as those in the Operative District Plan and the 2012 Proposed District Plan, lapsed on 4 September 2015. This included trees within Ecological Sites on urban lots1. KCDC undertook work during 2015 to ensure that the boundaries of Ecological Sites in the urban area were accurate. In some instances the overlap of an Ecological Site onto private property was unintentional, being either an artefact of digitising hand- drawn boundaries on maps or misalignment of the GIS boundaries relative to cadastral property boundaries. These unintentional overlaps were corrected if they were within 30 cm of a cadastral boundary. There were also three instances where vegetation had been removed, necessitating adjustment of the Ecological Site boundary. A field survey was undertaken of 127 properties, which included parts of 12 Ecological Sites.

7. ISSUES RAISED IN SUBMISSIONS

KCDC provided Wildland Consultants with 50 submissions2 on Ecological Sites and an additional two submitters were included at a later date (Figure 2).

1 RMA S. 67(4C) an urban allotment is a property that is no greater than 4,000 m2 and is connected to a reticulated water supply system and a reticulated sewerage system upon which there an occupied building and it is not a reserve. 2 There were many more submissions on aspect of Chapter 3 – Natural Environment.

Figure 2. Proposed changes to Ecological Sites within the Kāpiti Coast District

There were 23 Ecological Sites referred to in the provided submissions: K009, K010, K011, K012, K013 (two submissions), K014, K017 (25 submissions), K018, K026, K079, K124, K170, K197, K198, K199, K202, K203, K204, K205, K212 (three submissions), K231, K234, and K236; and another three sites were added: K005, K0551, and K133. Field visits occurred at the request of landowners to 19 of these Ecological Sites (refer to Section 7.8). Another 15 sites were viewed as part of the Urban Tree Variation work or because they occurred within the properties of landowners who had made submissions: K025, K051, K052, K062, K067, K069, K070, K095, K125, K145, K150, K168, K171, K175, and K200.

Tables 3-10 below summarise relevant issues raised in submissions and the changes proposed as a result of site visits to Ecological Sites. A summary of submission requests is provided in Appendix 4.

7.1 General comments on Ecological Sites

Table 3: Summary of general points on Ecological Sites raised in submissions.

Issue Raised Response Uncertainty around The extent of all Ecological Sites was determined by previous field extent of Ecological visits (mainly in 2003 and 2007), and revised by viewing the Site, site visits and boundaries on aerial photography and/or site visits. Where further survey required. changes in the shape of the Ecological Site resulted in a reduction of the site, compared to the PDP, then these have been applied. Increases in Ecological Site size, compared to the PDP, have only been applied at the request of landowner.

The PDP explanation notes that “The sites identified are not the only areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitat of indigenous fauna and further areas area likely to be identified as part of resource consent processes”. All ecological surveys had a size threshold for terrestrial ecosystems; 1 ha for the 2003 and 2007 survey and 0.5 ha for the 2015 review. Thus, small sites may have been missed, or excluded due to small size, but may still contain significant features or species that could come to light as part of a resource consent process.

It is recommended that Ecological Sites be reviewed at least every 10 years, including site visits where necessary, in line with District Plan reviews, or at the request of landowners, or when obviously significant changes have occurred. Ecological site should As outlined in Protecting our Places (MfE 2007a, 2007b) much of be confined to public our rare and threatened indigenous biodiversity is found on private land. land - in fact, some species are now only found on private land. Thus ecological values, and hence Ecological Sites, do not occur solely on public land. Queen Elizabeth II When undertaking reviews of Ecological Sites, consult with covenant should be landowners to include any new covenants, be they QEII, Nga included as Ecological Whenua Rahui, Department of Conservation or Council covenants. Site.

1 This site had been submitted on but did not include relief sought for the presence of an Ecological Site.

Issue Raised Response Site doesn't exist, or not In all submissions where this was raised the location of the on this property, or not Ecological Site was correct and did occur on the specified significant enough. property, and the Ecological Site met at least one of the significance criteria outlined in RPS Policy 23. Encroachment on to In a number of instances submitters requested that an Ecological private property, or land Site be removed from ‘private’ property, whereas in reality the land outside KCDC was in public ownership as an esplanade reserve along a beach or jurisdiction. stream. Although landowners often maintain these areas as part of their own garden, they are not the legal owners.

As discussed in Section 6.4.1 a decision was made to include all of the relevant features in an Ecological Site, regardless of land tenure.

7.2 Submissions on Ecological Site K017 Tararua Ranges

Twenty-five of the submissions provided to Wildland Consultants opposed part or all of Ecological Site K017, which covers a large part of the Tararua Ranges and western foothills, or requested that the site boundaries be relocated. Submission points are summarised in Table 4.

Table 4: Summary of submission on Ecological Site K017 Tararua Ranges.

Submission Response K017 is not rare, it is Rarity not only refers to the scarcity of the vegetation type, but also huge. includes habitat that supports rare species and rare and unusual habitat types. A range of nationally Threatened or At Risk, or regionally sparse fauna and flora occurs within K017, and some of the habitat types are also regionally rare.

This is also a large and intact tract of forest, whereas much of the rest of the Kāpiti Coast District has been cleared and habitat is severely fragmented. Large tracts of forest are rare within the KCDC area. Large tracts of forest are required for some species such as kiwi, falcon, and bats which range over large areas or have large territories. Exclude private land As outlined in Protecting our Places (MfE 2007a, 2007b) much of from K017. our rare and threatened indigenous biodiversity is found on private land - in fact, some species are now only found on private land. Thus ecological values, and hence Ecological Sites, do not occur solely on public land.

Ecological Site K017 also includes 1,875 ha of land that is classified as less than 30% indigenous vegetation remaining nationally1, and these areas occur on private land on the western foothills of the Tararua Ranges. K017 is large enough The buffering provisions are to protect the condition of extant to not require indigenous vegetation and habitats. Buffering is discussed in more additional buffering. detail in Section 7.3. Divide K017 into It may be possible to divide K017 into several categories, different Ecological e.g. primary forest, secondary forest, regenerating scrub. The Sites by ecological criteria ranked as significant for the various vegetation types may

1 Cieraad E., Walker S., Price R., and Barringer J. 2015: An updated assessment of indigenous cover remaining and legal protection in New Zealand’s land environments. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 39(2): 309-315.

Submission Response value. vary, e.g. primary forest -significant for all criteria, scrub -significant buffering and connectivity values. However, this will not make much difference to the location of the overall external boundary and whether private land is included or not. This was illustrated by the 2015 review of K017 boundaries (Section 6.4.2), including site visits to five properties. In some instance the boundary was adjusted slightly, but sufficient values occurred in all instances to more or less retain the boundaries of K017 as notified in the PDP (Figure 2 Proposed changes to Ecological Sites within the Kāpiti Coast District). K017 is not significant This objection relates to clause RPS Policy 23.a) as it exceeds the 20% Representativeness: the ecosystems or habitats that are typical and threshold of vegetation characteristic examples of the full range of the original or current cover and protection natural diversity of ecosystem and habitat types in a district or in the for both ecological region, and: domains and (i) are no longer commonplace (less than about 30% remaining); Threatened or Environment (ii) are poorly represented in existing protected areas (less than Classification. about 20% legally protected).

Inclusion of private The Taraura Ranges K017 Ecological Site will clearly score highly land where more than in “the ecosystems or habitats that are typical and characteristic 20% of ecological examples of the full range of the original or current natural diversity domain comprises of ecosystem and habitat types in a district or in the region “” indigenous vegetation should only be with Parts of the site, especially the lower foothills, contain vegetation consent of landowner. that is no longer common place, and are significant.

Object to size and K017 would fail to meet the “are poorly represented in existing location of K017. protected areas (less than about 20% legally protected)”. However, a site only needs to meet ONE of the sub-criteria to be considered representative; the coordinating conjunction between the two phrases is ‘or’.

K017 also scores highly in all other RPS Policy 23 ecological criteria, and is thus considered to be significant overall. The site includes non- The boundaries of Ecological Site K017 have been reviewed on the indigenous ecosystems most recent aerial photography available for rural areas and - pine forest, gorse boundaries revised as per Section 6.4.2. Proposed changes to the scrub, or specific boundary of K017 are illustrated in Figure 2 (Proposed changes to features. Ecological Sites within the Kāpiti Coast District). Access restrictions - Refer to Section 7.5 on tree trimming and modification. especially with regard vegetation trimming to undertake pest and weed management and maintenance of existing tracks. Submissions on A recommendation to withdraw maps and provisions with Priority Restoration references to Priority Areas for Restoration was adopted by the Areas and definitions. Regulatory Management Committee on 2 October 2014 and publicly notified on 30 October 2014. Insufficient consultation KCDC undertook consultation with the Rural Issues Group (2014- with landowners about 2015) which represented most of the private landowners with K017 the location of K017 on their property. A process to assess the location of the boundary boundaries. and values of K017 was agreed and implemented. More recent biodiversity information was assessed and site visits were undertaken to address landowner concerns.

7.3 Buffers around Ecological Sites

Eight submissions raised concerns with regards to the proposed buffer provisions around Ecological Sites. Any works undertaken within this buffer would potentially require resource consent and thus incur costs for the landowner.

Table 5: Summary of submissions on buffering.

Submission Response Object to 20 m buffer The Submitter Engagement Version (SEV) of the Proposed District in the rural zone or the Plan outlines the changes suggested by the Planning Team to the 10m buffer in the original PDP. In the SEV the rule containing the 20 m buffer around urban zone. It Ecological Sites in rural areas and the 10m buffer around Ecological encroaches too much Sites in urban areas has been deleted. Rule 3A.4.5 still restricts on the usable area of (Discretionary Activity) building and development in and within the property. 5 metres of an Ecological Site. The SEV version of the Plan does not have any legal status but signals the likely nature of recommendations to be made at the PDP submission hearings to be held in 2016.

7.4 Dunes or dune landscapes

Table 6: Summary of submissions on dune landscapes

Submission Response Object to dominant More of a visual and landscape issue than an ecological issue. dunes identification However, dominant ridges and dunes create different, often more hospitable climate in the lee of the dune, and vegetation and habitat types can therefore be different to the windward face. Dune wetlands occur in the hollows between dunes. Identification of dominant dunes may help to locate ecologically significant sites. Object to dune Much of the dune landscape is severely modified and no longer in a landscape natural state. Nevertheless, many of the physical features, such as dunes, dune swales, dune wetlands and sandy soils, remain. The dune landscape is delineated by the presence of these features.

7.5 Tree trimming and modification

Table 7: Summary of submissions on tree trimming and modification

Submission Response Object to Restricted The rules in the PDP restricted trimming or modification of any Discretionary rule vegetation in Ecological Sites. 3A.3.1 Trimming of any vegetation that: The rules regarding trimming and modification of trees in Ecological a) is within an Ecological Sites in urban areas were modified by Variation 1 “Urban Trees” to Site (Schedule 3.1); the PDP and are considerably more lenient than in the 2012 PDP. b) is a key indigenous This includes permitted activity status for trimming of trees (including tree species (Schedule to achieve compliance with the requirements of the Electricity 3.2); (Hazards from Trees) Regulations 2003 or its successor) provided c) is a rare and that this is undertaken by an arborist who has attained the New threatened vegetation Zealand Qualifications Authority National Certificate in Arboriculture species (3.3); Level 4 or equivalent qualification and all trimming must be d) is listed in the undertaken in accordance with the New Zealand Arboriculture Schedule 10.1. Association Incorporated Best Practice Guideline ‘Amenity Tree e) is in or within 20 Pruning’ Version 3 dated April 2011. metres of a waterbody

Submission Response or the coastal marine Modification of trees (more than trimming) within an Ecological Site area where it not is proposed to be a Controlled Activity (Rule 3A.2.5), but shall be within the urban limited to modification of vegetation that is damaged, dead or dying environment. or has sustained storm damage or is fatally diseased such that the indigenous vegetation is no longer independently viable or presents This rule prevents a risk of serious harm to people or property and an arborist who has management and attained the New Zealand Qualifications Authority National maintenance of trees Certificate in Arboriculture Level 4 or equivalent qualification has in urban properties, certified in writing that the trees are in poor condition or felling or especially where they removal of any tree or vegetation is necessary to reduce risk to an encroach on houses, existing network utility. fences, accessways or utilities. These changes apply to urban areas, but the issues and options paper will address whether similar practical provisions will apply in rural areas. This variation is now part of the PDP hearing process.

The proposed new definitions1 are:

Trimming of vegetation means pruning of vegetation and trees including the removal of broken branches, deadwood or diseased vegetation and selective branch removal to increase light and air movement or to improve tree health and excluding the felling, complete removal or destruction of the vegetation or tree.

Modification of vegetation means the felling, disturbance, removal, damage or destruction of the vegetation and including the following activities within the vegetation drip line: (a) Work that involves compaction, sealing or removal of soil; or (b) Drilling or excavation; and or (c) Discharge of toxic substances; but excludes any trimming authorised as a permitted activity under this Plan.

Object to Trimming of indigenous vegetation is a permitted activity, with 3A.1.3. Trimming of certain standards Rule 3A.1.2. The SEV proposes to include a locally indigenous range of exclusions, including indigenous vegetation within an vegetation that is not Ecological Site. The SEV version of the Plan does not have any within the urban legal status but signals the likely nature of recommendations to be environment. made at the PDP submission hearings to be held in 2016.

3A.1.3.2. Trimming Proposed exclusions to the standards: shall not be carried out on any locally a) for the maintenance of existing farm tracks, forestry tracks, indigenous vegetation fence lines and stock crossings, provided that the trimming does that is: not exceed 2 metres in width either side of the track, fence line a) is within an or crossing; ecological site b) incidental to weed management, pest control and fire control; (Schedule 3.1); c) necessary for the safe and efficient operation of any formed b) is a key indigenous public road, private accessway or walkway; tree species (Schedule d) for the ongoing operation and maintenance of existing 3.2); telecommunication, radio communication and other network c) is a rare and utility structures, but only to the extent that the indigenous threatened vegetation vegetation is touching or interfering with them; species (Schedule e) in accordance with the Electricity (Hazards from Trees) 3.3); Regulations 2003, or its successor;

1 Amendments Proposed in Variation 1 “Urban Trees” to the PDP: Text to be deleted is shown in strike-out format and text to be inserted is shown underlined.

Submission Response d) is listed as a f) for a new fence, where the purpose of the fence is to exclude notable tree (Schedule stock and/or pests from the area, provided that the trimming 10.1); or does not exceed 2 metres in width either side of the fence line; e) in or within 20 g) disturbing individual scattered trees or shrubs amongst metres of a waterbody agricultural/horticultural crops; or or the coastal marine h) indigenous vegetation that has been specifically planted as a area. plantation forestry or amenity planting, or where it occurs within an established plantation forest, or where it occurs within 2 Indigenous vegetation years of a plantation forestry being harvested. trimming rules prevent maintenance of access tracks, fences, and pest control lines.

7.6 Locally indigenous vegetation

Table 8: Summary of submissions on locally indigenous vegetation.

Submission Response Object to definition of Locally indigenous vegetation was given more weight than native Locally indigenous vegetation, because native vegetation includes vegetation native vegetation - means to New Zealand that may not occur naturally within the Kāpiti vegetation that is Coast District. located within the ecological domain in Submitters objected on the basis that the whole of the Kāpiti Coast which it naturally District could end up being classified as having sensitive natural occurs. This includes features due to the presence of locally indigenous vegetation. This vegetation which has interpretation is not correct, as the site would still need to meet the been planted or has additional criteria for a Sensitive natural feature, including RPS established naturally, Policy 23 and PDP Policy 3.11 for Ecological Sites. including plants spread by birds. A subset of In addition ’locally indigenous vegetation’ is proposed to be locally indigenous deleted, as outlined in Variation 1 “Urban Trees” to the PDP, and vegetation is key replaced with indigenous tree species Indigenous vegetation means vegetation or plant species, including which are identified in trees, that naturally occur within the Kāpiti Coast District and have Schedule 3.2. established naturally and excluding vegetation planted by humans. In the Kāpiti Coast, the four ecological domains are: 1. Salt zone 2. Dunelands 3. Lowland alluvial terraces 4. Lowland hills Not indigenous bush - In New Zealand, indigenous vegetation and habitats are often self seeded subject to disturbance, including floods, fire, slips, storm damage, earthquakes, and volcanic debris, and clearance. Provided a seed source is available or remains (e.g. seeds in the soil), the vegetation may re-establish and progress to a mature vegetation type for that location. Self-seeding is just the first step in this natural progression. However, this natural succession can be compromised by the presence and dominance of non-indigenous species. Provided that the canopy contains at least 50% cover of indigenous species then this area would be classified as indigenous.

7.7 Sensitive natural features

Sensitive natural features and Sensitive natural areas means areas or sites which have been identified as having ecological, geological or landscape significance which require careful consideration of their values. This includes features and areas in the District Plan Maps and/or schedules as:

 Ecological sites;  Geological features;  Outstanding natural features and landscapes;  Areas of high natural character;  Significant amenity landscapes;  Rare and threatened vegetation species;  Key indigenous tree species;  Notable trees.

Table 9: Summary of submissions on Sensitive Natural Features.

Submission Response Sensitive natural The Submitter Engagement Version (SEV) of the Proposed District features can greatly Plan outlines the changes suggested by the Planning Team to the restrict how land can original PDP. In the SEV “sensitive natural features’ has been be used, especially deleted. The SEV version of the Plan does not have any legal where multiple features status but signals the likely nature of recommendations to be made overlap at the PDP submission hearings to be held in 2016

7.8 Visits to sites submitted on

With two exceptions, all Ecological Sites that were visited at the request of landowners were found to be ecologically significant. The two exceptions are discussed below. In most cases minor boundary adjustments were made to exclude indigenous but non-local vegetation, exotic vegetation, or to align the boundaries of the Ecological Site with practical boundaries such as property boundaries or existing fences. Table 10 summaries the changes that have been suggested for each Ecological Site visited.

Sites deleted from the schedule:

 K080-Ngatiawa Road Bush, was left off planning maps, but is described in Schedule 3.1. Most of this Ecological Site occurs on land owned by KCDC, but part lies on private property, and the landowner would prefer that it is not reinstated. On advice from KCDC, it has been deleted.

 K005-Pylon Swamp was visited and found to be dominated by exotic vegetation. It could potentially be restored to a more indigenous ecosystem, but the significance assessment evaluates the current state, not some future state. This site has therefore been deleted.

Table 10: Summary of findings from visits to sites submitted on.

KCDC Submitter Number Findings from Site Visit Changes Suggested Site K005 Federated Farmer K005 is not ecologically Site deleted from Schedule 3.1. significant K010 370481/ 0492 K010 is ecologically Changes proposed but not accepted. No change to boundaries. significant K011 370481/ 0492 K011 is ecologically Aligned boundaries with property boundary, and included additional areas at landowner significant request. Site increased by 0.224 ha. K013 370468/ 0487 K013 is ecologically Changes proposed but not accepted. No change to boundaries. significant K014 66538/ 0038 K014 is ecologically Changes proposed but not accepted. No change to boundaries. significant K017 370331 / 0426 K017 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary and excluded 3.54ha of access tracks and linked areas of significant pasture grassland. K017 370377 / 0443 K017 is ecologically Exclusion of 1.13ha of shrubland and exotic treeland from K017 outlier. Minor significant adjustment of boundaries of K017 elsewhere, resulting in reduction of 0.52ha. K017 370066 / 0327 K017 is ecologically Align to existing fences. significant K017 369768 / 0251 K017 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.87ha of exotic trees. significant K017 369713/ 0238 K017 is ecologically No changes to boundary. significant K018 370338/ 0428 K018 is ecologically No changes to boundary. significant K025 369768 / 0251 K025 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude non-indigenous vegetation and to align with significant property boundary, reduced by 0.853 ha. Refinement of Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, site now entirely in Tararua Ecological District. K026 369768 / 0251 K026 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.256 ha of exotic trees. Refinement of Manawatu significant Plains Ecological District boundary, site now partially in Tararua Ecological District. K051 370331 / 0426 K051 is ecologically No changes to boundary. significant K052 370331 / 0426 K052 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.091ha to align with existing fence. significant

KCDC Submitter Number Findings from Site Visit Changes Suggested Site K055 / 0275 K055 is ecologically Boundaries aligned with existing fences, 0.402 ha reduction in size. significant K080 366126/ 0030 K080 inadvertently left off Site deleted from Schedule 3.1. planning map K124 370081/ 0334 K124 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.081 ha of non-local or exotic trees. significant K133 FS135 K133 is ecologically Aligned boundaries with property boundary, removed 0.042 ha. significant K197 355645/ 0007 K197 is ecologically Aligned boundaries to remaining indigenous vegetation, removed 0.088 ha. significant K198 370331 / 0426 K198 is ecologically Align to property boundary, reduced size by 0.023 ha. significant K199 370331 / 0426 K199 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.330 ha of recently harvested pine forest. significant K200 370331 / 0426 K200 is ecologically No changes to boundary. Refinement of Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, significant site now entirely in Tararua Ecological District. K202 370331 / 0426 K202 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.844ha of indigenous treeland over pasture. significant Refinement of Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, site now entirely in Tararua Ecological District. K203 370331 / 0426 K203 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.451ha of pasture grassland. Refinement of significant Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, site now in Tararua Ecological District. K204 370331 / 0426 K204 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 0.278ha of early succession vegetation. significant Refinement of Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, site now in Tararua Ecological District. K205 370331 / 0426 K205 is ecologically Reviewed site boundary to exclude 2.933ha of early succession vegetation, and significant shrubland. Refinement of Manawatu Plains Ecological District boundary, site now entirely in Tararua Ecological District. K212 370315/ 0420 K212 is ecologically Excluded 0.01 ha of non-local and exotic vegetation. Proposed to include additional significant indigenous vegetation but not accepted. K212 355399/ 0006 K212 is ecologically Excluded 0.04ha of non-local and exotic vegetation. Included 0.06ha of additional significant indigenous vegetation at landowner suggestion. K212 370338/ 0428 K212 is ecologically No changes proposed. Issue was mainly regarding tree trimming. significant

8. DESKTOP REVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL SITES

One hundred and seventy-five Ecological Sites were included in the Proposed District Plan. There were mapping and other issues with some of the sites, including site overlaps and duplication of site numbers.

The following sites had duplicate numbers and these have been resolved as follows:

 K184-Waikanae River flats forest has been renumbered as K187 and assessed for ecological significance.

 K234-Marycrest has been renumbered as K235 and assessed for ecological significance.

 K185-Nimmo Avenue West forest, was shown on planning maps, but not included in Schedule 3.1. The landowners had not been advised and it was recommended to delete this site from the planning maps until after consultation has occurred.

Overlaps between Ecological Sites were resolved by alignment to logical QEII covenant boundaries, vegetation edges, or fences. Overlapping sites included:

 K012-Ngatotora Lagoon reduced as overlapped with K220-Taylors Road, Ōtaki.

 K027-Ōtaki River Mouth reduced as overlapped with K231-Te Horo Beach Dune.

 K066-Te Harakeke Swamp reduced as overlapped with K236-Pharazyn Reserve.

 K117-Kāpiti Island reduced as overlapped with K116- Okupe lagoon on Kāpiti Island.

 K186-Wairongomai Mānuka Wetland increased as overlapped with K215- Waiorongomai Road/Taylors Road, Ōtaki. Aligned to fences or logical boundaries.

 K215-Waiorongomai Road/Taylors Road, Ōtaki reduced as overlapped with K186-Wairongomai Mānuka Wetland.

 K233-Forest Lakes channel reduced as overlapped with K009-Lake Waitawa.

Other issues:

 K080-Ngatiawa Road Bush, was left off planning maps, but described in Schedule 3.1. Most of this Ecological Site occurs on land owned by KCDC, but part lies on private property, and the landowner would prefer that it is not reinstated. It has been deleted on advice from KCDC.

Two sites have been added:

 K236-Pharazyn Reserve has been added and assessed for ecological significance. It occurs entirely on KCDC land.

 K238-Reikorangi forest remnants has been created by the removal of non- indigenous vegetation from an outlier of K017-Tararua Ranges and foothills. K238-comprises three small core areas of indigenous vegetation and has been assessed for ecological significance.

Thus, in total, 175 Ecological Sites were assessed for ecological significance using the RPS Policy 23 criteria and the methods as set out in Section 6.1 above and Wildland Consultants and Kessels Ecology (2015). These sites were also all assigned management ranking scores. Site summary descriptions for Schedule 3.1 are provided in Appendix 6.

All but three sites have been confirmed as being ecologically significant for one or more of the criteria in RPS Policy 23:

 K005-Pylon Swamp was visited and found to be dominated by exotic plant species and is proposed to be deleted from Schedule 3.1.

 K141-221 Valley Road, Paraparaumu needs to be confirmed. It is a very small narrow riparian margin with pest plant species. It was listed as a natural area due to the presence of heritage trees associated with original farm house and was included in the register in 1995 at the request of the landowner. A site visit is required to determine if the heritage trees are species that are indigenous to Kāpiti Coast. If not, then these trees may be better included in Schedule 10.1 notable trees and the site deleted from Schedule 3.1. If the trees are indigenous then the site should be reassessed for ecological significance.

 K214-Taylors Road/Old Coach Road, Ōtaki needs to be confirmed. The site is described as heavily modified, is dominated by exotic species, and is currently grazed but has potential for restoration, particularly in the northern part. If it currently has less than 50% indigenous plant cover then it would not qualify as being significant because it no longer is representative of former habitat. However, if the site provides habitat for a Threatened or At Risk animal or plant species then it could still be significant. A site visit is required.

A summary of the numbers of sites considered to be significant for each of the four ecological criteria is provide in Table 11. Of the 172 Ecological Sites that were considered to be ecologically significant, 33 triggered all four ecological criteria (Tables 11 and 12).

Table 11: Summary of assessments using RPS Policy 23 criteria and the numbers of sites found to be ecologically significant.

Number of Sites Significant for one or more RPS Policy 23 criteria 172 Not significant for any RPS Policy 23 criterion 1 Significance to be confirmed 2 Total sites assessed 175 Significant for RPS Policy 23 criteria a, b, c, and d 33 RPS23a Representativeness 170 RPS23b Rarity 153 RPS23c Diversity 58 RPS23d Context 70

The following sites (Table 12) were found to be ecologically significant for all ecological criteria - RPS Policy 23a to d.

Table 12: Sites found to be significant for all ecological criteria in RPS Policy 23.

KCDC Site Ecological Site Name Number K002 Lake Huritini K007 Lake Kopureherehere K009 Lake Waitawa K012 Ngatotora Lagoon K013 Pukehou Swamp K014 Waitohu River Mouth K017 Tararua Ranges and foothills K018 Castlehill Farm Bush K025 Rahui Road Bush C K027 Ōtaki River Mouth K053 Huttons Bush K055 Te Hapua Road Swamp A K056 Te Hapua Road Swamp E K057 Te Hapua Road Swamp C K062 Hemi Matenga Forest K066 Te Harakeke Swamp K071 Narn’s Bush K077 Waikanae Gorge Bush K079 Mangaone Road Bush K081 Waikanae River Mouth K085 Tini Bush K087 Muaūpoko Bush K089 Muaupoto Swamp Forest K095 Paraparaumu Coastal Scarp K098 Whareroa Bush K108 Queen Elizabeth Park bush and Wetlands K109 Queen Elizabeth Park dunes K116 Okupe lagoon K117 Kāpiti Island K133 Ngā Manu Sanctuary K135 Pukerua Bay Coastal Scarp K150 Kaitawa Reserve K170 El Rancho Mānuka Wetland

9. CHANGES TO SITE BOUNDARIES

This section summarises suggested changes to the boundaries, or in some cases deletion or addition, of Ecological Sites. Minor unintentional boundary overlaps (Section 6.4.3) are not separately identified.

9.1 Revision of Ecological Site K017 boundaries

Where the boundary of Ecological Site K017 - Tararua Ranges and foothills occurred on, or adjoined, private property then the boundary was checked using 2013 aerial photography at a scale of 1:3,000. Boundary adjustments were made on 102 of the

659 A3 printed aerial photography pages. These were mostly minor adjustments required to align the Ecological Site with property boundaries, visible fence lines, and to exclude areas of early secondary indigenous vegetation of less than five hectares. More substantial changes were made where the vegetation was no longer indigenous, such as blocks of pine forest or areas of pasture grassland, including such issues on land managed by the Department of Conservation. These changes resulted in 137.94 ha being excluded from Ecological Site K017 (Table 13).

9.2 Revision of Ecological Sites subsequent to site visits

In some instance the site visits identified additional areas to be included, at the request of the landowner, but landowners mostly requested that ecological site boundaries be aligned with existing fences, property boundaries, or better reflect the indigenous vegetation and habitats at the site. Table 10 provided the proposed outcome for the landowners visited, and Table 13 summarises the overall changes by Ecological Site.

9.3 Boundary changes to smaller Ecological Sites

Boundaries of all Ecological Sites were checked during the desktop review of the ecological significance assessments. Where features that were evident on the aerial photographs were no longer aligned with the Ecological Site boundaries then a suggested approach is outlined in the appropriate column of the spreadsheet. If boundary changes resulted in a decrease in Ecological Site area then these were implemented.

There are some 58 sites where the 2012 PDP boundaries may need some further adjustment (Appendix 5). In many cases this is to include additional areas of indigenous vegetation, but also to align sites with the boundaries of protective covenants (Queen Elizabeth Trust or Conservation Act Covenants), and in some cases to align with existing fences or cadastral boundaries. These changes have not been included in the GIS layer that will be provided to KCDC, for the following reasons:

 Submissions do not provide scope to increase the size of an Ecological Site.

 Discussion is required with landowners prior to site alignment with protective covenants or existing fences.

 The adjustment was deemed to be more than just a minor error correction.

9.4 Boundary changes as a consequence of Urban Tree Variation

A field survey was undertaken of 127 properties, which included parts of 12 Ecological Sites. Site boundaries are proposed for removal from seven properties because of a lack of indigenous vegetation within the mapped boundary on the property. Ecological Site boundaries are recommended to be adjusted within six properties due to changes in the edge of the canopy, or due to the lack or removal of indigenous trees. Ecological Site boundaries were aligned with property boundaries where these were more or less parallel and 30 cm or less apart.

These proposed changes are summarised in Table 13 and have been included in a GIS layer supplied to KCDC. These boundary changes will be addressed through the hearings on submissions to the PDP and if necessary a later variation to the PDP.

9.5 Potential additional sites

Potential additional sites were identified from evaluation of aerial photographs. These are all Queen Elizabeth II (QEII) Trust covenants, and are therefore likely to contain ecological values worthy of protection. The QEII covenants listed below are not included in any Ecological Sites. Those that overlap in part with one or more Ecological sites are identified in Appendix 5. QEII covenants that are included completely within one or more Ecological Sites are addressed in the Excel spreadsheet descriptions.

QEII covenants that are not included within any Ecological Site and may potentially warrant inclusion:

 5/07/351  5/07/541  5/07/429  5/07/584  5/07/481  5/07/665  5/07/501  5/07/708  5/07/532

Table 13: Boundary changes to Ecological Sites and changes in site extent.

KCDC Ecological Area (ha) Source of Site Name Location Recommended Boundary Change Site District Change1 Revision K005 Pylon Swamp Waiorongomai Road, Ōtaki Foxton Removed after site visit -1.802 Site visit K011 Rotopotakataka Lake Forest Lakes Road, Ōtaki (Lake 2) Foxton Areas added at landowner request, other +0.224 Site visit boundary aligned to fence K012 Ngatotora Lagoon Wairongomai Road, Ōtaki Foxton Correction of overlapping Ecological Sites - -0.008 High resolution with K220 aerial photography K014 Waitohu River Mouth Waitohu Stream Mouth Foxton Aligned to fences -0.001 High resolution aerial photography K017 Tararua Ranges and Tararua Ranges Tararua / Western boundary checked and corrected -137.939 Site visit, high foothills Manawatu where required. Exclude early succession resolution aerial Plains / Foxton / and non-indigenous vegetation as per photography Wellington protocol, and align to fences and boundaries where practical. K025 Rahui Road Bush C 566 Rahui Road, Ōtaki Tararua Exclude non-indigenous vegetation, and -0.853 Site visit align to fences and boundaries where practical K026 Rahui Road Bush B 66 Waimanu Grove, Ōtaki Manawatu Exclude non-indigenous vegetation, and -0.256 Site visit Plains align to fences and boundaries where practical K027 Ōtaki River Mouth Ōtaki River Mouth Foxton Correction of overlapping Ecological Sites - -0.327 High resolution with K231 aerial photography K052 Hautere Bush B Te Horo Hautere Cross Road, Manawatu Small boundary adjustments to align to fence -0.091 Site visit Te Horo Plains K055 Te Hapua Road Swamp Te Hapua Road, Te Horo Foxton Checked, boundaries adjusted in parts of the -0.402 Site visit A site K062 Hemi Matenga Forest Foothills, Waikanae Tararua / Foxton Minor boundaries corrections to prevent +1.579 High resolution overlap with K017 Tararua Ranges. aerial photography K066 Te Harakeke Swamp Nth Rutherford Drive, Waikanae Foxton Correction of overlapping Ecological Sites - -0.169 High resolution with new site K236 aerial photography K067 Wi Parātā Reserve Bush Rimu Street, Waikanae Foxton Exclude house and garden -0.048 Urban tree survey K070 Russell Reserve Bush Ngaio Road, Waikanae Foxton Minor boundary changes due to urban tree -0.010 Urban tree survey survey K080 Ngatiawa Road Bush Ngatiawa Road, Reikorangi Tararua Not included on planning maps, so no GIS -10.02 KCDC advice polygon K081 Waikanae River Mouth Waikanae Estuary - River Mouth Foxton Align to property boundaries -0.003 Urban tree survey K095 Paraparaumu Coastal State Highway 1, Paraparaumu / Foxton/Tararua Exclude area of subdivision -0.144 Urban tree survey Scarp Raumati

1 Ecological Sites that have been reduced in overall area (measured in hectares) are preceded by a minus sign ‘-’, while those that have increased in areas overall are preceded by a plus sign ‘+’. © 2016 32 Contract Report No. 3525c.1

KCDC Ecological Area (ha) Source of Site Name Location Recommended Boundary Change 1 Site District Change Revision K109 Queen Elizabeth Park Queen Elizabeth Park, State Highway Foxton Align to property boundaries -0.001 Urban tree survey dunes 1, Paekākāriki K117 Kāpiti Island Kāpiti Island Cook Strait Correction of overlapping Ecological Sites - -8.059 High resolution with K116 aerial photography K124 Karu Reserve Karu Crescent, Waikanae Foxton Adjust boundary for 39 & 37 Karu Crescent -0.081 Site visit K125 Motuiti Reserve Bush Between Ngaio Road and Kohekohe Foxton Align to property boundaries +0.001 Urban tree survey Road, Waikanae. K133 Ngā Manu Sanctuary North Waikanae, East of Ngarara Foxton Minor boundary adjustment 83 & 85 -0.042 Site visit Road, Waikanae. Belvedere Avenue K133 Ngā Manu Sanctuary 79 Belvedere Avenue, Waikanae. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey LOT 10 DP 33263 C/T 10A/1309 cadastral boundary K145 Lady of Lourdes Statue West of Ruahine Street, Foxton Align to property boundaries -0.001 Urban tree survey Hill Paraparaumu K150 Kaitawa Reserve 5 Westridge Court, Paraparaumu. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to -0.053 Urban tree survey LOT 14 DP 307015 C/T 27317 cadastral boundary K150 Kaitawa Reserve Westridge Court, Paraparaumu. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey LOTS 14 17-19 DP 88877 -LPR cadastral boundary (ESPLANADE) K150 Kaitawa Reserve Westridge Court, Paraparaumu. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey LOTS 15 20 DP 88877 cadastral boundary K150 Kaitawa Reserve 12 Redwood Close, Paraparaumu. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey LOT 3 DP 404048 C/T 413981 cadastral boundary K150 Kaitawa Reserve 12 Redwood Close, Paraparaumu. Foxton No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey LOT 4 DP 404048 C/T 413982 cadastral boundary K168 Paraparaumu Quarry South of Paraparaumu Quarry, North Foxton Boundary correction <0.001 Urban tree survey Scrub of Mamuku Street, Paraparaumu K175 Waimanu Lagoons Bound by Barrett Drive and Tutere Foxton Align to property boundaries -0.008 Urban tree survey Street, Waikanae Beach K176 Ōtaki Conservation Area Rangiuru Road, Ōtaki Beach Foxton Align to property boundaries +0.011 Urban tree survey K183 Ngatoto Trig Bush Council Recreation Reserve Between Foxton Align to property boundaries -0.001 Urban tree survey Crown Hill and Kāpiti Retirement Village, Paraparaumu K186 Wairongomai Mānuka East of Wairongomai Road, Ōtaki Foxton Corrections made, K186 and K215 +1.440 High resolution Wetland overlapped. Combined northern most into aerial photography K186 and followed fences where practical K187 Waikanae River flats Between Waikanae River, Foxton Added area and description as duplicate +1.137 High resolution forest railway/SH1 and King Arthur Drive number with K184 aerial photography K190 (duplicate K185 in PDP) Nimmo Avenue, Te Moana Road, Foxton Shown on planning maps, but not included in New in KCDC advice Nimmo Avenue forest Leybourne Avenue Schedule 3.1. GIS polygon has been PDP removed K197 Paetawa Road, Peka Paetawa Road, Peka Peka Foxton Small boundary adjustments to reflect -0.088 Site visit Peka subdivision K198 Best Road, Te Horo Near Blackburne Road, southeast of Tararua Small boundary adjustments to align to -0.023 Site visit Te Horo fences © 2016 33 Contract Report No. 3525c.1

KCDC Ecological Area (ha) Source of Site Name Location Recommended Boundary Change 1 Site District Change Revision K199 Hautere Cross Road, Near Blackburne Road, southeast of Manawatu Small boundary adjustment to exclude -0.330 Site visit Te Horo Te Horo Plains logged pine K202 Hautere Cross Road, East of Best Road, south of Te Horo Tararua 2015 alterations to remove treeland -0.844 Site visit Te Horo K203 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, south of Te Horo Tararua 2015 alterations to remove treeland -0.451 Site visit Hautere Cross Road, Te Horo K204 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, south of Te Horo Tararua 2015 alterations to remove treeland -0.278 Site visit Hautere Cross Road, Te Horo K205 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, south of Te Horo Tararua 2015 alterations to remove treeland -2.933 Site visit Hautere Cross Road, Te Horo K212 County Road escarpment Parallel to Rahui Road south of Manawatu 2015 minor boundary adjustments proposed -0.028 Site visit forest County Road, Ōtaki Plains K212 County Road escarpment 53 Freemans Road, Otaki. LOTS 13 Manawatu No indigenous trees within property - clip to Urban tree survey forest 14 DP 26701 Plains cadastral boundary K215 Waiorongomai Road / Between Waiorongomai Road and Foxton Corrections made, K186 and K215 -5.062 High resolution Taylors Road, Ōtaki Taylors Road, Ōtaki overlapped. Retained southern-most as aerial photography K215, and followed fences K220 Taylors Road, Ōtaki Between Waiorongomai Road and Foxton Minor boundary adjustment 0.000 High resolution Taylors Road, Ōtaki aerial photography K231 Te Horo Beach Dune Rodney Avenue and Sims Road, Foxton Minor boundary adjustment to prevent New site Site visit Te Horo overlap with K027 K233 Forest Lakes channel Forest Lakes Road. North of Ōtaki, Foxton Minor boundary adjustment to prevent -0.205 Site visit, high west of SH1 near northern District overlap with K009 resolution aerial boundary. photography K236 Pharazyn Reserve Rutherford Drive-Paetawa Road link Foxton New area - Pharazyn Reserve +41.622 Site visit, high road resolution aerial photography K238 Reikorangi forest East of Mangaone South Road and Tararua Modify outlier of K017 to retain indigenous +7.220 Site visit, high remnants north of Terrace Road forest remnants resolution aerial photography Overall Change in Area (Hectares) Included in Ecological Sites -117.328

10. SUMMARY

Kapiti Coast District Council notified a Proposed District Plan in 2012 that received numerous submissions on ecological matters and Ecological Sites. This report outlines the statutory and ecological background against which Ecological Sites should be considered. It briefly covers the consultation undertaken with submitters to the Plan. It summarises the methodology agreed for the assessment of ecological significance of a site and thus give effect to Section 6(c) of the RMA and Policy 23 of the Regional Policy Statement for the Wellington region. The rationale used to adjust Ecological Site boundaries is described.

Fifty-two submissions on Ecological Sites were reviewed and addressed. These submissions included 23 Ecological Sites with the most submissions received for K017-Tararua Ranges (25 submissions), three submissions on K212-County Road escarpment forest, two submissions on K013-Pukehou Swamp, and only one submission for all other Ecological Sites.

The relief most commonly sought was adjustment of Ecological Site boundaries or removal of the site, revision or deletion of the tree trimming and modification rules, and that K017-Tararua Ranges should be deleted or private land should be excluded as it is well protected and not rare, Ecological Sites ‘encroaching’ onto private land, revision or deletion of the site buffer rules, and disagreement with dune landscape features.

At the request of landowners, site visits were undertaken to 19 Ecological Sites. These landowners were supplied with separate reports outlining the ecological values of the site(s) and addressing, where possible, the relief sought in the submission. Another 15 sites were viewed as part of the Urban Tree Variation (Plan Change 1 of the PDP) work or because they occurred within the properties of landowners who had made submissions. Field assessments resulted in generally minor boundary adjustments to 42 Ecological Sites, including the following:

 Reduction in sizes for 33 Ecological Sites - ranging from 0.001 ha for K014- Waitohu River Mouth to 137.939 ha for K017-Tararua Ranges and foothills.

 Overall increases in size, with landowner agreement, for five Ecological Sites: ranging from 0.001 ha for K125-Motuiti Reserve Bush to 1.579 ha for K062-Hemi Matenga Forest after aligning the site boundary with the cadastral boundary.

 Renumbering of two Ecological Sites: K187-Waikanae River flats forest and K235-Marycrest.

 Addition of one new site: K236-Pharazyn Reserve and creation of another from a K017 outlier K238-Reikorangi forest remnants.

 Deletion of one site due to insufficient ecological value: K005-Pylon Swamp.

 Removal of two sites due to issues with inclusion in the PDP: K080-Ngatiawa Road Bush and K190-(duplicate K185 in PDP) Nimmo Avenue forest.

Two sites need field checking and further assessment to determine if they are significant: K141-221 Valley Road, Paraparaumu and K214-Taylors Road/Old Coach Road, Ōtaki.

Submissions did not provide scope to increase the size of Ecological Sites. Proposed boundary changes that resulted in an increase in Ecological Site extent have not been included in the geospatial layer of Ecological Sites provided to KCDC, unless the landowner requested or approved these additions. There are 58 sites where the 2012 PDP boundaries may need some further adjustment to include additional areas of indigenous vegetation, or to align with the boundaries of protective covenants (Queen Elizabeth Trust or Conservation Act Covenants), or in some cases to align with existing fences or cadastral boundaries. Another nine QEII Trust covenants were identified that are currently not part of any Ecological Site.

Revision of the significance of Ecological Sites and location of the site boundaries has been a robust process that was informed by technical and stakeholder input. It is suggested, nevertheless, that a review of sites and related policies and rules is undertaken every 10 years or so, in line with District Plan revisions, to ensure that changes in significance, vegetation and habitats, and levels of legal and physical protection are accurately captured.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We’d like to thank the landowners that gave permission to access the Ecological Sites within their properties and discussion with those same landowners about ecological matters of concern to them.

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APPENDIX 1

NON-REGULATORY METHODS FOR BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION IN KĀPITI COAST DISTRICT

The PDP does not list non-regulatory methods however a range of such methods are currently in place. These include financial incentives through the Heritage Grants Fund for ecological improvements. These funds are for fencing, weed and pest management. The maximum grant is $5,000 per person/per year and a management plan or covenant is required for the site. Rates relief is also available, as is a seed bank for community groups.

In addition to the Heritage Grants Fund and rates relief mentioned above, other non- regulatory methods currently undertaken by the Kāpiti Coast District Council are as follows:

 Riparian Planting (can subsidise fencing and restoration subject to MOU).  Support for Community Environmental Restoration Groups.  Dune Restoration Programme.  Biodiversity MOU with GWRC (restoring key native ecosystems on KCDC land).  Funding of other specific restoration projects.  Education which currently involves: • ‘Growing Native Plants in Kāpiti’ booklet available free from libraries and Council offices and the website • Dedicated biodiversity pages on the website  Encouragement of the use of Covenants, e.g. QEII Trust, Nga Whenua Rahui, and Conservation Act covenants.

In terms of future actions a Kāpiti Coast Environmental Accord Initiative has also been proposed which seeks to involve the many groups and organisations with interest in preserving and restoring the significant indigenous biodiversity within the Kāpiti Coast District. Its aim would be to target funding and resources to achieve the best biodiversity outcomes.

Current Kāpiti Coast District Council biodiversity protection and support approaches include:

Council Regulatory Biodiversity Protection

District Plan - Ecological Sites identified and protected, tree protection, threatened plant species protection, rules protecting ecological values of waterways by restricting native vegetation clearance and earthworks

Biodiversity advisor reviews and comments on resource consent applications. Expert consultants engaged if required.

Council Non-Regulatory Incentive Programmes, Private Land

Heritage Fund - subsidises protective management of Ecological Sites, establishment of QE II covenants and maintenance of notable trees listed in District Plan Heritage Register

Rates Relief for Conservation Purposes - provides rates relief as incentive for protective management of Ecological Sites

Riparian Fund - provides incentive to fence and restore riparian margins

Biodiversity advisor provides free advice on all aspects of biodiversity management, e.g. pest animal and weed control, restoration planting, stream and wetland management, fencing, covenants, etc.

Council Biodiversity Management, Council Land

Support of community care groups (22 in district) through technical advice, provision of eco- sourced plants and materials, services of two full-time Environmental Restoration officers who work in Operations team.

Restoration planting of eco-sourced native plants in Council reserves - about 20,000 this year.

Biodiversity focussed pest animal and weed control in Council reserves.

Dune restoration programme - erosion control and biodiversity enhancement objectives - $50,000 budget

Biodiversity MOU with Greater Wellington to coordinate $101,000 joint biodiversity management programme of top biodiversity sites in the district (‘Key Native Ecosystem’ programme), entails collaboration between Biodiversity Advisor and GW biodiversity staff to plan and implement site specific protective management

Operations Environmental Restoration officers maintain restoration plantings on Council land, guided by Biodiversity Advisor

Wider Council Initiatives

Council supports Enviroschools programme, involvement of schools with community care groups and biodiversity restoration and monitoring. Council employs Greener Neighbourhoods coordinator. Biodiversity information on website, including downloadable guides and further information links. Free booklets on planting native plants distributed through libraries, Council offices. Sustainable Home and Garden Show - biodiversity marquee and workshops.

Other Government Agencies and NGOs

DoC manages conservation estate, key assets being Kāpiti Island, Kāpiti Marine Reserve, Tararua Ranges, Hemi Matenga Reserve, Paraparaumu Scenic Reserve, Waikanae Estuary Scientific Reserve, Whareroa Farm. Major programme in Tararua Ranges is ‘Project Kaka’, intensive pest animal control and biodiversity monitoring through an east-west corridor

© 2016 43 Contract Report No. 3525c.1 running from Pukeha Mount Bruce to Ōtaki Forks in Kāpiti District, aimed at boosting native bird populations. DoC also responsible for protecting threatened native species. Following restructuring and policy reviews DoC is expanding its community engagement programmes, providing support for community groups and individuals willing to undertake voluntary conservation work.

DoC, GW and TLAs (including KCDC) run annual ‘Restoration Day’ workshops for members of community care groups, QE II covenant holders

Greater Wellington runs Key Native Ecosystem programme on private land, outside the biodiversity MOU with KCDC Greater Wellington runs district-wide biodiversity possum control programme Greater Wellington runs district-wide biodiversity and biosecurity weed control programmes

QE II National Trust, in collaboration with KCDC and GW, encourages covenanting and supports covenant holders, but under-resourced. Nga Whenua Rahui - covenanting for Maori land

WWF, MfE and Lotteries Commission have contestable funds for protective and restorative biodiversity management. Friends of Queen Elizabeth parked was recently granted c.$285,000 for three-year `Kāpiti Biodiversity Project’ run by community volunteers, focussed on QE Park (GW) and Whareroa Farm (DoC).

Corporate Sponsorship

Biodiversity advisor applied successfully in 2012 to Transpower’s pilot ‘Greenline’ programme and Council was granted $290,000 over three years for restoration projects on the Wharemauku Stream and Waikanae River.

APPENDIX 2

PREVIOUS ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA FOR KĀPITI COAST DISTRICT

Field surveys

2002-2003 Survey - Wildlands Report 662

Wildlands undertook field inspections of Ecological Sites from November 2002 to March 2003 to confirm or identify boundaries and collect ecological information (Wildland Consultants 2003a, report 662). In addition to the 133 Ecological Sites in Operative District Plan another 36 sites were proposed.

The following information was collected for each site:

 Brief site description and main vegetation and habitat types.  Fauna (indigenous and exotic).  Threats from invasive flora or fauna.  North Island fernbird and spotless crake calls played at wetlands.  Vegetation types mapped on aerial photographs in the field, key points verified by GPS.  Human activities (positive/negative effects).  Management and monitoring requirements.

An access database was created and field data entered for all the sites. Key ecological features were identified for each site and each site was assessment against 1999 ODP significance criteria.

 171 sites reported on, including 5 not surveyed.  12 sites merged with other sites (10 different sites).  Status of 7 ODP sites rejected, so no longer Ecological Sites.  15 proposed or additional sites rejected.  132 sites (109 from ODP) recommended as Ecological Sites: including K017 Tararua Ranges.

2003 Wetland Survey - Wildlands Report 669

 In addition to wetland sites listed in the ODP, 24 additional wetland sites were identified by GWRC.  In several cases a site was listed in both KCDC and GWRC databases but with differing boundaries.  Field inspections to assess boundaries and collect ecological information (Report 669).  69 sites reported on; no access to 5 sites.  10 sites lacked features of ecological importance.  3 additional wetland sites recommended as Ecological Sites.

2007 Survey - Wildlands Report 1684

 The two 2003 reports formed the basis of Plan Change 55(A) Ecological Sites Update - accurate site data was formally identified in KCDP.  Process was split in two parts: (A) dealt with the lowland sites; and (B) the Tararua sites and other lowland sites missed in initial survey.  To proceed with Plan Change 55(B) Ecological Sites Update, ecological survey information was required for 47 potential sites identified by Council staff but omitted from the 1999 District Plan and K017.  Field work and ecological assessments of the 47 additional sites (excluding K017), terrestrial and wetlands.  Same method and field sheets as earlier reports.  Also assessed against KCDC significance criteria in 1999 District Plan.  Access permission denied for three sites - two were a tentative yes.  29 sites recommended as Ecological Sites.  K017 Tararua Ranges was not included in this assessment because the boundaries were to be ground-truthed at a future date.  K017 delineated using aerial photography.  2007 aerial photography not as good as current.  Scrub areas developing into forest, and some forest areas had been reduced.

2012 Survey - Wildlands Report 2948

 Seven additional sites identified by KCDC.  Methods similar to previous assessments but also including draft Regional Council Plan Policy 221 and draft District Plan criteria.  Access denied to three sites.  Three sites recommended as Ecological Sites.  Remaining site of possible Māori history significance but not ecologically significant.

Significance assessment and importance ranking

2002-2003 Surveys

The assessment criteria involved description of the following key ecological features, which were assessed using a comprehensive set of field sheets included as Appendix 2 in Wildlands Report 662:

 Representativeness  Diversity and pattern  Naturalness  Size and shape  Rarity and special features  Buffering and connectivity  Viability

1 Became Policy 23 in the Regional Policy Statement for the Wellington region.

Each of these aspects was in turn ranked as being High, Moderate, or Low importance (Table A) which enabled each site to be ranked for importance as International, National, Regional or Local using accepted ecological ranking criteria (Appendix 3 of Wildlands Report 662).

Table A: Importance ranking for Ecological Sites in 2003 survey.

Representativeness: The primary criterion, based on a comparison of present vegetation cover vs past extent, diversity and pattern, naturalness, and size. H Best, relatively large, good quality example; only example of type which was formerly more extensive M Similar to other areas that occur elsewhere in the ecological district L Degraded, small, better quality examples exist elsewhere in the ecological district. Diversity and pattern: The diversity of ecological and physical features, and the patterns that exist within an area under consideration. H More than two landforms or bio-climatic zones; more than 7 vegetation classes M More than one landform or bio-climatic zone; 4-7 vegetation classes L Only one landform and bio-climatic zone; 1-3 vegetation classes Naturalness: The degree to which the vegetation and habitats reflect likely natural character. Most mainland ecosystems are modified but the degree of naturalness is an important consideration. H Low-level or nil human disturbance (includes secondary vegetation established following natural disturbance) M Moderate level of human disturbance (for example relatively good quality secondary vegetation developed following human disturbance, low levels of selective logging 20 or more years earlier) L Exotic/induced/heavily logged Size and shape: Areas which are relatively large (i.e. compared to the mean size of remaining areas of indigenous vegetation in an Ecological District) are preferred to small areas. Small areas can be affected strongly by edge effects. A compact single area is generally preferable to long narrow areas or small separate remnants. H Primarily compact, no major constrictions; large size M Irregular or convoluted; moderate size L Highly convoluted or discontinuous; small size Rarity and special features: The relative rarity of physical landscape features, vegetation, habitats and species within an ecological region or district or on a national basis. H Nationally threatened species present. M Nationally or regionally uncommon species present; nationally or regionally uncommon vegetation classes or types present. L No rare or uncommon species present. Buffering and connectivity: The degree to which a natural area is protected or buffered by the surrounding landscape, or provides a buffer to other areas. A site may play an important role by connecting other areas of indigenous vegetation or habitat, or providing a riparian buffer. H Part of a continuous natural landscape M Part of a semi-continuous natural landscape/one of many discrete natural areas - some linkages L Very isolated from other areas Viability: The likelihood of an area remaining ecologically viable over time. Larger areas are generally more likely to remain viable with lower levels of management input. H Large areas that will require relatively little active management to remain viable. M Areas that will require some active management. L Small or vulnerable ecosystem types, high degree of active management required.

2007 Survey

Significance criteria for the 2007 survey were similar to the 2003 assessments (Table B above). Sites were classified as being eligible for Ecological Site Designation (yes or no). However, instead of ranking each site as of International, National, Regional or Local Importance, the criteria for which a site was significant were listed, e.g. Representativeness, Continuity and Linkage within landscape as per Table B. Thus within the 2012 PDP some sites are listed by regional importance ranking while for other sites the significance criteria are listed.

Table B: Significance criteria for 2007 survey

Representativeness • contains an ecosystem that is unrepresented or unique in the ecological district Rarity • contains threatened ecosystems • contains threatened species • contains species that are endemic to the ecological district Diversity • diversity of ecosystems/species/vegetation Distinctiveness • contains large/dense population of viable species • largely in its natural state or restorable • uninterrupted ecological sequence • contains significant land forms Continuity and Linkage • provides, or has potential to provide, corridor/buffer zone to an within landscape existing area Cultural Values • traditionally important for Maori • recreational values • significant landscape value • protection of soil values • water catchment protection • recreation or tourism importance • aesthetic coherence Ecological Restoration • ability to be restored • difficulty of restoration • cost/time Landscape Integrity • significance to the original character of the landscape • isolated feature, does it stand out or blend in • does it have a role in landscape protection Sustainability • size and shape of area • activities occurring on the boundaries which may affect its sustainability • adjoins another protected area • links • easily managed

2012 survey - Wildland Consultants Report 2948

At the time of the 2012 survey Greater Wellington Region had issued the draft Regional Policy Statement for the Wellington region which included Policy 22 (later to become Policy 23) and was also undertaking a review of the significance of wetlands in the Wellington Region (e.g. Boffa 2011, and Wildland Consultants 2013b). Thus the survey of

© 2016 48 Contract Report No. 3525c.1 these Ecological Sites used the decision matrix that related to Policy 221 as outlined in the Boffa (2011) and draft Wildlands reports to maintain regional consistency. However the decision matrix was subsequently further revised as per Wildland Consultants (2013b).

In 2012, an Ecological Site was considered significant if it achieved a score of ‘2’ or greater in any of the ‘significance criteria’ in the matrix below (Table D). Importance was ranked as per Table C.

Table C: Importance ranking used in 2012 survey.

National A score of ‘5’ in any of the following significance criteria: - Representative - Habitats - Flora - Fauna - Communities. Regional A score of ‘4’ in any of the following significance criteria: - Representative - Habitats - Flora - Fauna - Communities. OR Three or more scores of ‘3’ in any of the following significance criteria: Representative - Habitats - Flora - Fauna - Communities. Local A score of ‘2’ in any of the significance criteria’

1 Policy 22 in the Proposed Regional Policy Statement became Policy 23 in the operative Regional Policy Statement.

Table D. Significance and importance criteria used in 2012 survey - Wetland examples (Wildland Consultants 2012).

Representativeness Rarity Diversity Context Representativeness: high representativeness values are given to Rarity: the ecosystem or habitat has biological physical features that are scarce or threatened in a Diversity: the ecosystem or Ecological context of an area: the ecosystem or habitat: particular ecosystems and habitats that were once typical and local, regional or national context. This can include individual species, rare and distinctive biological habitat has a natural diversity of (i) enhances connectivity or otherwise buffers representative, commonplace in a district or in the region, and: communities and physical features that are unusual or rare. ecological units, ecosystems, rare or diverse indigenous ecosystems and habitats; or

(i) are no longer commonplace (less than about 30% remaining); species and physical features (ii) provides seasonal or core habitat for protected or

ank

R or within an area. threatened indigenous species. (ii) are poorly represented in existing protected areas (less than about 20% legally protected).

1 Representative 2 LENZ 3 Habitats 4 Flora 5 Fauna 6 Communities 7 Connectivity 8 Seasonal patterns Wetlands that are typical and Acutely Threatened Large and diverse indigenous Large and diverse populations / Large and diverse populations / A high diversity of indigenous Key part of extensive system of Large and diverse seasonal 5 characteristic of those communities and habitats that communities of threatened / communities of threatened / and structural classes (5+) and a wetlands and waterways that population of migrant birds and Example: Muaupoko Swamp originally present prior to are rare / uncommon. uncommon flora. uncommon fauna.. high diversity of species of flora may extend uninterrupted from / or a core breeding habitat for Forest human occupation; or a Example: Allen - Lowes Bush Example: Mt Cone Turf Bog Example: Wairarapa Moana and fauna. the wetland margins to forests, more than three threatened or wetland that is the best Wetlands Example: Te Hapua Swamp coasts and rivers that is protected resident species. example of its type remaining Complex A functionally natural, largely intact Example: Waikanae Saltmarsh in the region. and well buffered. Example: Lake Kohangatera Example: Lake Pounui Wetlands that are typical and Chronically Threatened Several indigenous communities A small number of two or more A small number of two or more All the types of above but of a All the elements of above but Small numbers of a variety of 4 characteristic of those originally and habitats that are rare / nationally threatened species, nationally threatened species, smaller scale ( 5+) or a high of a smaller scale (< 10 ha migrant species, and / or large Example: Tora Coast Wetlands present prior to human uncommon. or large numbers of a regionally or large numbers of a regionally diversity of species of flora and wetland). Is buffered from numbers of a single migrant occupation, but where parts of Example: Te Hapua Swamp threatened species of rare threatened species of rare fauna. fauna within a wetland of lower adjoining land uses at least in species relies on site and/or an the wetland are not in Complex A flora. Example: Lake Pounui type diversity. part, by native vegetation. important breeding habitat for original condition; or a wetland Example: Waikanae Saltmarsh Example: Huritini Swamp Example: Taupo Swamp between 1 and 3 threatened or that is the best example of its protected resident species. type remaining in the ecological Example: Te Harakeke district. Wetlands Example: Taupo Swamp Wetlands that are typical and At Risk (20-30%) A single rare / uncommon A small number of one or more A small number of one or more Moderate diversity of wetland A physical connection (stream, Records of breeding by a 3 characteristic examples of the indigenous habitat / regionally threatened species, or regionally threatened species, or types and structural classes (3- drain, bush) to other nearby threatened or protected Example: Wainuiomata original or current natural community recorded large numbers of locally large numbers of locally 5) with a high indigenous waterbodies but modification species, and or a record of an Waterworks Swamp diversity of wetland types in Example: El Rancho Wetlands threatened species of flora. threatened species of fauna. component and moderate limits ecological service, unlikely itinerant migrant. the ecological district (but not Example: Kakaho Saltmarsh Example: Taumata Oxbow species diversity. to buffer or enhance other sites. Example: Lake Waiorongomai the best examples remaining). Example: Osbournes Swamp Has limited buffering. Wetlands Example: Lake Wairongomai Example: Lake Waiorongomai Wetlands Wetlands that retain only Critically Under protected (>30%) No rare / uncommon habitat / A small number of one or more A small number of one or more Low diversity of wetland types No physical connection to other No migrants recorded but the 2 limited elements that are community recorded (but locally threatened species of locally threatened species of and structural classes (2-3) and waterbodies or indigenous habitat is likely to support their Example: Opouawe River typical of the natural diversity habitat may support rarity flora. fauna. low species diversity. vegetation but other wetland presence. Swamp of an ecological district. >3 ha) Example: Hutt River Mouth Example: Huritini Swamp Example: Andrews Pond sites in close proximity (0.5 - Example: Lake Waimanguru - Example: Pylon Swamp Example: Te Hapua Swamp 1 km). Is poorly buffered. Forest Lakes Complex D Example: Andrews Pond Wetlands that contain little or Under protected or No Threat No rare / uncommon habitat / No rare or uncommon flora No rare or uncommon fauna Wetland monoculture 1-2 No physical connection to other No migrants recorded (and 1 no elements that are Category community recorded. Site small recorded. recorded. wetland types and structural waterbodies or indigenous visible habitat unlikely to representative of the natural to very small. Example: Karori Dam Example: Sims Wetland classes, and low species vegetation and very isolated support) diversity of an ecological Example: Ladel Bend Wetland diversity. (>1 km). Has little or no Example: Pylon Swamp Example: Mt Cone Turf Bog district. Example: Okiwai Lagoon buffering from adjoining land Example: Hutt River Mouth uses. Example: Taumata Oxbow

APPENDIX 3

SINGERS AND ROGERS (2014) CLASSIFICATION OF NEW ZEALAND’S TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

Indigenous vegetation remaining Legally protected extant vegetation <30% remaining <20% protected Greater Kāpiti Coast Greater Kāpiti Coast Predicted ecosystem types Wellington region District Wellington region District % % % % AL4, Mid-ribbed and broad-leaved snow tussock tussockland/shrubland 100 100 94.88 100 BR1, Hard tussock, scabweed gravelfield/stonefield 86.97 86.94 14.53 0.00 CDF6, Olearia, Pseudopanax, Dracophyllum scrub [Subalpine scrub] 100 100 94.59 100 CL3, Coprosma, Muehlenbeckia shrubland/herbfield/rockland 43.13 37.68 32.70 85.83 CLF10, Red beech, silver beech forest 96.87 100 84.55 96.45 CLF11-2, Silver beech 98.65 100 66.38 99.97 CLF9, Red beech, podocarp forest 97.59 99.93 72.62 92.89 DN2, Spinifex, pingao grassland/sedgeland 6.02 2.60 0.00 0.00 DN2/5 Coastal Sand Dunes Mosaic 14.57 6.74 33.04 14.92 DN5, Oioi, knobby clubrush sedgeland 2.94 2.94 0.00 0.00 MF6, Kohekohe, tawa forest 19.73 27.08 21.87 60.35 MF7, Tawa, kamahi, podocarp forest 25.87 64.72 27.80 38.21 MF8, Kamahi, broadleaved, podocarp forest 88.36 90.94 32.82 47.31 Open Water 90.36 99.64 94.14 53.42 River 83.62 82.79 23.38 87.97 Rocky beach 67.09 52.19 59.00 100 SA4, Shore bindweed, knobby clubrush gravelfield/stonefield 64.86 63.65 86.70 94.60 Strand 81.97 93.55 10.16 58.82 Swamp mosaic 46.93 51.30 28.82 29.69 WF2, Totara, matai, ribbonwood forest 8.84 10.88 5.83 0.61 WF6, Totara, matai, broadleaved forest [Dune Forest] 3.68 4.20 6.98 7.09 WF8, Kahikatea, pukatea forest 4.37 5.25 28.18 11.61 CDF4, Hall's totara, pahautea, kamahi forest 100 100 79.52 84.08

APPENDIX 4

SUMMARY OF SUBMISSIONS WILDLANDS WAS ASKED TO REVIEW

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID 500 K009 50 Atkins Road, Otaki Remove the K009, K012, Sensitive Natural Features, Dominant Dunes, Priority Areas for Restoration, Significant Amenity Landscape notations from the planning maps and Proposed District Plan or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime around management of the areas. 492 K010 264 Taylors Road, Otaki Remove K010 and K011 from the planning maps and Proposed Lot 14 DP 334222 District Plan or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime (37.997ha) around management of the ecological site and other areas. 492 K011 155 Forest Lakes Road, Remove K010 and K011 from the planning maps and Proposed Otaki.Lot 1 DP 62844 District Plan or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime (7.8708ha) around management of the ecological site and other areas. 500 K012 156 Waiorongomai Road, Remove the K009, K012, Sensitive Natural Features, Dominant Otaki (Pt Lot 1 DP 41119) Dunes, Priority Areas for Restoration, Significant Amenity Ngatōtara Farm Landscape notations from the planning maps and Proposed District (104.4ha) Plan or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime around management of the areas. 369 K013 184A Taylors Road, Delete ecological site KO13 from the Planning Maps and Proposed Otaki. District Plan. Also delete Sensitive Natural Feature, Priority Areas Lot 5 DP 86784 for Restoration, and Significant Amenity Landscape notations from (2.198ha). the Planning Maps and Proposed District Plan. 487 K013 131 Forest Lakes Road, 1. Remove K013 from the planning maps and Proposed District Otaki Plan or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime around Lot 2 DP 362218 management of the ecological site and other areas. (21.27ha) 38 K014 Waitohu Stream mouth - Delete Schedule 3.1 Item K014 as it covers an area that is not within North Otaki Beach the Council's jurisdiction or revise spatial extent of area. 32 K017 Otaki Gorge Road, Otaki Move ecological site boundary east of the Mangaone Walkway, PT Lot 4 DP 52061 CT closer to the Tararua Forest Park. 35C/676 39 K017 158 Mangaone North 2. Undertake an economic impact study to determine the likely Road RD 2 Otaki private and public costs and benefits of designating land to be Lot 2 DP 55394 (11ha) + included in K017 to ensure that the impact of K017 is fully PT SEC 18 DP 500 BLK understood before proceeding with the concept. Following the VII KAITAWA SD (92ha) impact study, a business case should be prepared showing the reasons for proceeding (or not) with K017. 3. Remove K017 until such time as a proper economic impact report and business case have been prepared and a thorough, evidence- based investigation has taken place, in conjunction with affected landowners, to establish priority areas for inclusion. 4.Exclude from K017 lowland hill margins that are or were recently farmed and exclude the land between Mangaone North Road and Mangaone South Road that is west of the Waikanae River. 54 K017 1. Part Lot 5 DP52061 Remove part of Ecological Site K107 on the submitter’s land. etc CT 34C/793 (51.17ha) 846 Otaki Gorge Rd. 2. SEC 17 Block VII, CT 36Al404 & 35C/888 (188.85ha) Mangaone North Rd. - couldn't find on GIS 3. Lot 8 DP 51213 C/T 24A/906 (61.31ha) Maungakotukutuku Rd. 77 K017 77 Terrace Road RD 1 1. Remove rules requiring buffering and restoration of areas Reikorangi adjacent or adjoining K017. 2. Amend policies and rules relating to management of biodiversity,

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID especially within K017 ecological site, to permit activities for the purpose of track maintenance and pest management. 3. Amend "priority areas for restoration" so that they focus on the coastal environment and eco-domains that are under-represented in ecological sites i.e. dune lands, lowland alluvial terrace, and salt zone eco-domains. 100 K017 Mangaone North Road, 1. Amend proposed Policy 3.12 to acknowledge the difference in Pt Sec 14 Blk VII Kaitawa size and quality of ecological sites, and in particular remove buffers SD (221.0293ha) of K017 due to its scale and enable pest and weed management within ecological sites and the maintenance of existing tracks (See submission for specific wording requested for this policy). 2. Amend ecological site K017 by reducing its area to only include areas where actual criteria listed in policy 3.11 have been met, or the owner has agreed to their inclusion. 3. Remove ecological site K017 from submitter's property. 4.Undertake an economic analysis of the district-wide cost of ecological site K017. 102 K017 Mangaone North Road, 1. Amend proposed Policy 3.12 to acknowledge the difference in Pt Sec 14 Blk VII Kaitawa size and quality of ecological sites, and in particular remove buffers SD (221.0293ha) of K017 due to its scale and enable pest and weed management within ecological sites and the maintenance of existing tracks (See submission for specific wording requested for this policy). 2. Amend ecological site K017 by reducing its area to only include areas where actual criteria listed in policy 3.11 have been met, or the owner has agreed to their inclusion. 3.Remove ecological site K017 from submitter's site. 4. Undertake an economic analysis of the district-wide cost of ecological site K017. 104 K017 77 Terrace Road RD 1 1. Remove rules requiring buffering and restoration of areas Reikorangi adjacent or adjoining ecological site K017. 2. Amend policies and rules relating to management of biodiversity, especially within ecological site K017, to permit activities for the purpose of track maintenance and pest management. 3. Amend priority areas for restoration so that they focus on the coastal environment and eco-domains that are under-represented in ecological sites (i.e. dune lands, lowland alluvial terrace, and salt zone eco-domains). 201 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose Rule 3A.2.3. Amend the rule so that it is clear that Otaki (549.9441ha) buildings and development in and within 10 m of an ecological site is PT SECS 13-15 BLK IV a discretionary activity. KAITAWA SD LOT 1 DP 2. Oppose 100% of submitter's land being included as a sensitive 84368 natural feature. It is either an ecological site, outstanding natural landscape or significant amenity landscape. Remove these features from map 22D. 206 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose Rule 3A.3.8 as this will not enable a dwelling to occur as Otaki (549.9441ha) a permitted activity on the submitter's land as more than 85% of the PT SECS 13-15 BLK IV site is an ecological site. KAITAWA SD LOT 1 DP 2. Oppose 100% of submitter's land being included as a sensitive 84368 natural feature. It is either an ecological site, outstanding natural landscape or significant amenity landscape. Remove these features from map 22D. 3. Amend provisions relating to significant indigenous vegetation so that this resource management issue is addressed and controlled in relation to ecological sites identified on the Plan maps only. 224 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose Rule 3A.3.8 as this will not enable a dwelling to occur as Otaki a permitted activity on submitter's land as more than 85% of the site Pt Sec 14 Blk IV Kaitawa is an ecological site. SD 2. Oppose Rule 3A.2.3 and delete rule. Amend the rule so that it is clear that buildings and development in and within 10m of an ecological site is a discretionary activity. 231 K017 398 Ngatiawa Road, 1. Amend the boundaries of K017 ecological site to exclude areas of Waikanae forestry and pasture. PT SECTION 38 BLK X 2. Amend rules regarding buffers around ecological sites, KAITAWA SD (61ha) particularly K017 as these unreasonably restrict the use of rural land

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID and small building such as a chicken house would not be likely to have an adverse effect on this large ecological site. Amend to make small non habitable building permitted adjacent to ecological site K017. 238 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Seeks that one dwelling and one family flat per site (including Otaki (Pt Sec 14 Blk IV future subdivided sites) be provided for as a permitted activity Kaitawa) irrespective of the presence of any ecological site. 2. Submission suggests that the relationship between Rules 3A.2.3 and 3A.4.5 is incorrectly conceived. 3. Seeks that Rule 3A.4.5 be amended to make any building within 10 metres of an ecological site a Discretionary Activity. 4. Submission opposes that the full extent of Pt Sec 13 Blk IV and Pt Sec 14-15 Block IV Kaitawa is affected by at least one significant natural feature. Seeks that the only significant natural feature applied to the site is the extent of the Eco-domain: Hill Country. If landscape notations are to remain on the site, submission seeks that the area shown as 'significant amenity landscape' be extended to replace the area shown as 'outstanding natural landscape.' If ecological site feature is to remain on the site, it should be amended to snap to the area shown as 'moderate erosion susceptibility' on KCDC Map 22C. 241 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Submission notes that categorising buildings as a controlled Otaki (Pt Sec 14 Blk IV activity under Rule 3A.2.3 is inappropriate. Seeks that one dwelling Kaitawa) and one family flat per site (including future subdivided sites) be provided for as a permitted activity irrespective of the presence of any ecological site. 2. Seeks that Rule 3A.4.5 be amended to make any building within 10 metres of an ecological site a Discretionary Activity. 3. Seeks that the only significant natural feature applied to the site is the extent of the Eco-domain: Hill Country. If landscape notations are to remain on the site, submission seeks that the area shown as 'significant amenity landscape' be extended to replace the area shown as 'outstanding natural landscape.' If ecological site feature is to remain on the site, it should be amended to snap to the area shown as 'moderate erosion susceptibility' on planning Map 22C. 251 K017 66 Waimanu Road RD 3 pp.11/15 the 'ecological site' PDP K026 where it covers our farm Otaki 5583 should be retained at the size it is in the current operative district plan. The extensions and additions to ecological sites on our farm should be removed. 258 K017 106 Akatarawa Road 1. Amend schedule 3.1 to recognise K017 as a large intact area that Waikanae is well connected through existing linkages to ecological sites and riparian margins and describe the ecological unit and its significant values. 2. Amend the boundaries of K017 based on consultation with effected land owners. 3. Amend policy 3.12 to address the issues of pest and weed management within ecological sites, maintenance of existing tracks, establishing linkages and providing buffers and distinguishing between ecological sites and eco-domains. 4. Amend rules to permit trimming of indigenous vegetation in ecological sites for setting trapping lines and clearing weed pests. 5. Amend rules relating to K017 to permit pest management within ecological sites, including track maintenance. 6. Oppose buffers for ecological site K017 due to its large expanse. 260 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose 100% of submitter's land being included as a sensitive Otaki natural feature as either an ecological site, outstanding natural WN53B1634 being Part landscape or significant amenity landscape. Section 13 Block IV and 2. Amend sensitive natural features to be restricted to the extent of Part Sections 14 - I 5 the hill country eco domain or removed all together because the site Block IV Kaitawa Survey is not considered to be an outstanding natural landscape. District. 3. Oppose the extent of the ecological site K017 as it includes a large area of vegetation which is predominately gorse and not native bush. 4. Amend the common boundary between ecological site and special amenity landscape to mirror the yellow Moderate Erosion

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID Susceptibility area on map 22C. 5. Oppose Rule 3A.3.8 as this will not enable a dwelling to occur as a permitted activity on submitter's land as more than 85% of the site is an ecological site. 6. Oppose Rule 3A.2.3 and seek deletion of this rule. Amend the rule so that it is clear that buildings and development in and within 10m of an ecological site is a discretionary activity 270 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose 100% of submitter's land being included as a Otaki sensitive natural feature. It is either an ecological site, outstanding WN53B1634 being Part natural landscape or significant amenity landscape. Remove these Section 13 Block IV and features from map 22D. Part Sections 14 - I 5 Block IV Kaitawa Survey District. 271 K017 810, 906 & 910 Otaki 1. Remove the proposed ecological site K017 over the back part Gorge Rd of the submitter's forestry block. Lot 3, DP 52061, Lot 2, DP 71721 and Part Lot 3, DP 71721 273 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose Rule 3A.4.5 and amend so that buildings and Otaki development in and within 10 metres of an ecological site is a WN53B1634 being Part discretionary activity and amend the common boundary between Section 13 Block IV and ecological site and special amenity landscape to mirror the Part Sections 14 - I 5 "Moderate Erosion Susceptibility" yellow hatch area. Block IV Kaitawa Survey 2. Oppose 100% of submitter's land being identified as sensitive District. natural features (either as an ecological site, outstanding natural landscape or significant amenity landscape). 278 K017 27 Waihoanga Road, 1. Oppose Rule 3A.4.5 and amend so that buildings and Otaki development in and within 10 metres of an ecological site is a WN53B1634 being Part discretionary activity and amend the common boundary between Section 13 Block IV and ecological site and special amenity landscape to mirror the Part Sections 14 - I 5 "Moderate Erosion Susceptibility" yellow hatch area. Block IV Kaitawa Survey 2. Oppose 100% of submitter’s land being identified as sensitive District. natural features, (either as a ecological site, outstanding natural landscape or significant amenity landscape). Amend the sensitive natural features to be restricted to the extent of the Hill Country Eco Domain or removed altogether. 320 K017 400, 432, 450, 516 & 518 1. Oppose the extent of ecological site K017 over the submitter’s Mangaone South Road, land. Reikorangi 2. Oppose the additional layers of sensitive natural features and outstanding landscapes over the ecological site boundaries. 3. Oppose the new generic layer sensitive natural features and in particular the inclusion of K017 where it covers the submitter’s land. 4. Oppose the inclusion of ecological site K017 as an outstanding natural feature and amend to exclude the foot hills of the Tararua. 5. Oppose earthworks rules where entire sites are affected because of the presence of a sensitive natural feature, outstanding natural landscape or ecological site. 6. The area of bush (approx. 40 ha) located at the end of Cattle Ridge should be included in ecological site K017. The small fingers of regenerating bush that extends along the edges of the gullies on the submitter’s land and identified in the operative District Plan as part of E17 should be defined as a separate ecological site. 7. Amend Rule 3A.3.5 so it applies to outstanding natural landscape, ecological sites and significant amenity landscapes rather than sensitive natural features and amend Standard 1 to remove the buffer and only apply within outstanding natural landscapes or locally indigenous vegetation as set out in the submission. 8. Amend Standard 2 to read “outstanding natural landscape, ecological sites, areas of local indigenous vegetation, will be identified on subdivision plans and no building or earthworks will be permitted in these areas” as set out in the submission. 9. Amend Rule 3A.5.2 to remove reference to sensitive natural features and apply Rule only to lots created entirely within outstanding natural landscapes and ecological sites as set out in the

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID submission. 10. Amend Rule 3A.2 for earthworks in areas containing sensitive natural features to exclude farm tracks for permitted farming activities, amend so that Rule only applies to area within mapped feature (not entire site) and replace sensitive natural feature with ecological sites, outstanding natural features and significant amenity features as set out in the submission. Amend Standard 2 to remove limit on vertical change and allow for earthworks associated with a permitted rural land use. Remove volume and time limit in Standard 3. Amendments to this Rule are set out in the submission. 11. Amend Rule 3A.3.7 to also apply to earthworks exceeding controlled activity standards. Replace sensitive natural features with ecological sites, outstanding natural features and significant amenity features as set out in the submission. Remove Standards 1 and 2 relating to limits on vertical change, volume and time period. 12. Amend Rule 3A.3.8 to replace sensitive natural features with ecological sites, outstanding natural features and significant amenity features as set out in the submission. Remove Standards 1 and 2 relating to limits on vertical change, volume and time period. 13. Amend Rule 3A.3.10 to replace sensitive natural features with ecological sites, outstanding natural features and significant amenity features as set out in the submission. 14. Amend Rule 3A.3.11 to replace sensitive natural features with ecological sites, outstanding natural features and significant amenity features as set out in the submission. Remove Standards 1 and 2 relating to the size limit and proximity to the river. 15. Support the inclusion of ecological sites in the District Plan. Support an amended K017 which removes the regenerating bush area along the stream and identifies them as a separate ecological site with separate values. 327 K017 149 Terrace Road 6. Amend Schedule 3.1 text for K017 under heading Reikorangi 'Description/ Significance/ Dominant Habitat or Vegetation' to state: “... Its intact large scale distinguishes it from remnant areas elsewhere in the district because it makes up over half the district's land area. It includes 98% of the hill country eco-domain and 35% of the lowland hills eco-domain. K017 includes existing linkages to Hemi Matenga Reserve, the Otaki River and reserves, Mangaone Stream, and Ngatiawa Stream and adjoining reserves.” In addition to the above amendment, a full description of the ecological unit and its significant values should be developed, in consultation with affected landowners. 7. Amend the boundaries of ecological site K017 on land at Terrace Road on planning map 20D as indicated on the map in the submission. 8. Remove areas on land at Terrace Road identified as priority area for restoration or important degraded environments and habitats from ecological site K017 on planning map 20D. 409 K017 Otaki Gorge Road (Lot 1 Amend the boundary of Ecological site K017 on the submitter's DP 80188 & Pt Lot 2 DP property to enable a building site south of the Pukeatua Stream at 54995) the site of a previous dwelling. This will require an area of approximately 20x50m to be excluded from the ecological site and to allow for a track from the house site to the top of the hill where a hut is intended to be built and provision for other temporary huts on flatter parts of the site. See map in submission for areas requested to be removed from ecological site. 426 K017 138 Hautere Cross Road Remove the priority areas for restoration and ecological site K017 & Mangaone North Road from the submitter's land. 443 K017 115 & 150 Terrace Road 2. Oppose the mapping for the K017 ecological site boundaries on Reikorangi RD 1 the submitter’s property, and amend to remove the ecological site Waikanae from the submitter’s land. 428 K018 56 Freemans Road Otaki Remove the ecological site identified on the submitter's land. 5512/ 134 Rahui Road, Otaki 251 K026 66 Waimanu Road RD 3 pp.11/15 the 'ecological site' PDP K026 where it covers our farm Otaki 5583 should be retained at the size it is in the current operative district

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID plan. The extensions and additions to ecological sites on our farm should be removed. 30 K080 111 Ngatiawa Road 1. We seek deletion of the proposed "Priority Areas for Restoration" Reikorangi 5391 on our property. 2. We seek deletion of the currently listed ecological site on our property. Seeks information on whether the Priority Areas for Restoration replace Ecological Sites on their property or whether both will apply. 334 K124 37 and 39 Karu Crescent 1. Remove the ecological site from the majority of the subject Waikanae properties on Karu Crescent (see submission for details). Amend to 39 (Lot 9 DP14701) and allow the ecological site to be offset from the Western and Southern 37 (Lot 10 DP14701) boundary's of the subject properties on Karu Crescent, and the Karu Crescent Southern boundary, by no more than 0.5 metres (Please see plan attached in submission). 2. Amend the associated provisions (see below) to ensure the subject vegetation in not restricted from development as proposed. a. Rule 3A 2.3: Buildings and earthworks on sites containing an ecological site b. Schedule 3.1: 'Ecological Sites', Specifically K124 'Karu Reserve' which aims to protect Kohekohe and Karaka forest. Located on Proposed District Plan Maps 10A and 10B. Schedule 3.2, 'Key indigenous tree species by size and ecological domain' 319 K170 Waikanae Christian 1. Amend significant natural features to only include outstanding Holiday Park Inc (El natural landscapes and ecological sites/significant locally indigenous Rancho) vegetation which require protection as specified in Part 2 of the Act. 25 Kauri Road, Waikanae 2. Amend Rule 3A.5.2 so that it only applies to outstanding natural landscape or ecological sites as set out in the submission. 7 K197 90 Paetawa Road, Peka Delete ecological site. Peka Proposed Lot 4 of recently subdivided land 44 K198 41 Blackburne Road, Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's Te Horo property. Legal Desc. - Lot 1 DP 409869 44 K199 138 Hautere Cross Road, Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's Te Horo - next to property. submitter's property (50 Best Road) 44 K202 40 & 41 Blackburne Road Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's and 50 Best Road, property. Te Horo 44 K203 40 & 41 Blackburne Road Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's and 50 Best Road, property. Te Horo 44 K204 40 & 41 Blackburne Road Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's and 50 Best Road, property. Te Horo 44 K205 40 & 41 Blackburne Road Remove K198, K199, K202, K203, K204 and K205 from submitter's and 50 Best Road, property. Te Horo 6 K212 56 County Road, Otaki Amend the northern boundary of ecological site, as per the attached letter and map. 420 K212 66 County Road Otaki 1. Remove the buffer around Ecological Site K212. 5512 428 K212 56 Freemans Road Otaki Remove the ecological site identified on the submitter's land. 5512/ 134 Rahui Road, Otaki 451 K231 47 Rodney Avenue In relation to Map 04D, seek the removal of notation K231 from Te Horo Beach private property (including Rodney Avenue) and from the Mangaone [Mangaone Stream] Stream. 494 K234 551 State Highway 1, Remove K234 from the planning maps and Proposed District Plan Te Horo or, if not removed, amend to be a fairer planning regime around

District Sub# Submitter/Site Address Submission Request Plan ID Lot 7 DP 59415 management of the ecological site. 145 To add the Pharazyn Reserve Amend Schedule 3.1 to add the Pharazyn Reserve ponds and the (K236) ponds and the Black Black Drain as ecological sites. Drain

APPENDIX 5

POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL SITE ADDITIONS OR ALTERATIONS

Summary of additional potential changes to Ecological Site boundaries. In most cases the potential change is an addition to the Ecological Site and should therefore be discussed with the relevant landowner prior to modification of the boundary. There are some instances where a site visit would help confirm or modify the existing site boundary.

Ecological KCDC Site SITE Name Location Site Boundary Check District K001 Lake Lake Foxton Checked. May need to be reduced but Waiorongomai Waiorongomai, too difficult to assess from aerials. North Ōtaki K004 Simcox Swamp Simcox Swamp - Foxton Checked. Appears to be areas that North Ōtaki. could be added. K007 Lake Takapu Road, Foxton Checked. May be more forest habitat Kopureherehere Ōtaki that could be added. K010 Waimanguru Forest Lakes Road, Foxton Part of open water habitat not Lagoon Ōtaki (Lake 1) included, and issues with terrestrial boundaries K012 Ngatotora Lagoon Wairongomai Foxton Checked. May be substantial areas of Road, Ōtaki wetland that could be added. Difficult to work out wetland vegetation boundary from aerial. K013 Pukehou Swamp Forest Lakes Road, Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Ōtaki with QEII Covenant (5/07/404, 5/07/400) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values K014 Waitohu River Waitohu Stream Foxton Would benefit from additional wetland Mouth Mouth and buffering vegetation being added. K016 Staples Bush 426 State Highway Manawatu Checked, may include small area of 1 Nth, Ōtaki Plains pasture. K017 Tararua Ranges Tararua Ranges Tararua Investigate aligning ecological site and foothills with QEII Covenant (5/07/342) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K019 Waitohu Stream Waitohu Valley Manawatu Checked. Looks like it could be Bush A Road, Ōtaki Plains extended to encompass more forest. Investigate aligning ecological site with QEII Covenant (5/07/481) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K025 Rahui Road Bush 566 Rahui Road, Tararua Checked, looks like it could be C Ōtaki extended significantly to the northwest. K026 Rahui Road Bush 66 Waimanu Manawatu Checked, may be able to be extended B Grove, Ōtaki Plains significantly. K028 Gorge Road, Ōtaki Gorge Road, Manawatu Investigate aligning ecological site Bush D Ōtaki Plains with QEII Covenant (5/07/440) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K030 Gorge Road Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, Manawatu Checked, may be able to be extended C Ōtaki Plains to the north slightly. K038 Hautere Bush F SH1 (opposite Foxton Checked, very small areas not Te Waka Road included for some reason. intersection, Te Horo) K042 Bothamley Bush Old Hautere Road, Manawatu Checked, may be further habitat that Te Horo Plains could be added.

Ecological KCDC Site SITE Name Location Site Boundary Check District K048 Mangaone Bush 113 - 115 Arcus Manawatu Checked, may be able to be added to. B Road, Te Horo Plains K049 Mangaone Bush 107 - 109 Arcus Manawatu Checked, may be area to northwest A Road, Te Horo Plains that could be added. K055 Te Hapua Road Te Hapua Road, Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Swamp A Te Horo with QEII Covenant (5/07/291.1, 5/07/291.2, 5/07/320, 5/07/351, 5/07/443, 5/07/446, 5/07/468, 5/07/468, 5/07/571) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K064 Paetawa Bush SH1 Nth Waikanae Foxton Checked, difficult to tell from aerials, may be further additions possible. K058 Awatea Bush SH1 opposite Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Te Hapua Road, with QEII Covenant (5/07/664) Te Horo boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K059 Awatea Scarp SH1 opposite Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Bush Remnant Te Hapua Road, with QEII Covenant (5/07/664) Te Horo boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K060 Peka Peka Road Peka Peka Road, Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Swamp Peka Peka with QEII Covenant (5/07/544) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K066 Te Harakeke Nth Rutherford Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Swamp Drive, Waikanae with QEII Covenant (5/07/240A, 5/07/240B, 5/07/323) boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K068 Osbornes Swamp Te Moana Road, Foxton Align to QEII boundaries (5/07/243). Waikanae K071 Narn’s Bush State Highway 1 Foxton Extend boundaries to include more of South, Waikanae QEII area (5/07/020, 5/07/394)? K074 Reikorangi Road 26 Reikorangi Tararua Follow QEII boundaries (5/07/451)? Bush B Road, Reikorangi East side of River K076 Reikorangi Road Reikorangi Road, Tararua Follow QEII boundaries (5/07/397, Bush D Reikorangi 5/07/451), although excludes area of treeland. K077 Waikanae Gorge Reikorangi Road, Tararua Align with DOC covenant and QEII Bush Reikorangi boundaries (5/07/397, 5/07/398, 5/07/437) if these are fenced? K078 Bluff Hill Bush Reikorangi Road, Tararua Align with QEII covenant (5/07/344) Reikorangi (Bluff boundaries Hill Bush) K080 Ngatiawa Road Ngatiawa Road, Tararua Not included in 2012 PDP, could Bush Reikorangi potentially be added K082 Lion Downs Bush 123 Otaihanga Foxton Align with QEII boundaries (5/07/144). Road, Otaihanga, Paraparaumu K083 Turf Dune Forest King Arthur Drive, Foxton Align with QEII boundaries (5/07/541). B Otaihanga, Paraparaumu (south of Waikanae River) K084 Turf Dune Forest King Arthur Drive, Foxton Align to QEII boundaries (5/07/540) A Otaihanga, where these include part of the site. Paraparaumu Investigate aligning ecological site with QEII Covenant boundaries if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K085 Tini Bush State Highway 1, Foxton Align to Conservation Act covenant Otaihanga boundaries

Ecological KCDC Site SITE Name Location Site Boundary Check District K086 Muaūpoko State Highway 1, Foxton / Follow pine forest boundary on east Stream Bush Paraparaumu Tararua side North Foothills K087 Muaūpoko Bush State Highway 1, Foxton / Align with Conservation Act covenant Paraparaumu Tararua boundaries where appropriate North Foothills K089 Muaupoto Otaihanga Road, Foxton Align to fence line in the west near Swamp Forest Paraparaumu wetland K093 Andrews Pond Kāpiti Road / Milne Foxton Align to DOC reserve boundaries Drive, Paraparaumu K096 Norwood Bush B Valley Road, Tararua Investigate aligning ecological site Paraparaumu with QEII Covenant boundaries (5/07/438) if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K098 Whareroa Bush Waterfall Road, Tararua Investigate aligning ecological site Paraparaumu with QEII Covenant boundaries (5/07/360) if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K133 Ngā Manu North Waikanae, Foxton Investigate aligning ecological site Sanctuary East of Ngarara with QEII Covenant boundaries Road, Waikanae. (5/07/241, 5/07/380, 5/07/493, 5/07/495) if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K135 Pukerua Bay Paekākāriki Hill Foxton / Investigate aligning ecological site Coastal Scarp Road on Wellington with QEII Covenant boundaries Escarpment behind (5/07/317) if ecological values Paekākāriki. sufficient and fence protects values. K136 Waiohanga Road 27 Waiohanga Tararua Investigate aligning ecological site Bush Road, Ōtaki with QEII Covenant boundaries (5/07/338) if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K139 Rowans Bush 366 SH1 Wellington Investigate aligning ecological site Paekākāriki North, with QEII Covenant boundaries south of Car (5/07/363) if ecological values Haulaways sufficient and fence protects values. K171 Native Orchid East of 25-29 Teoti Foxton Boundary should follow the contour of Habitat - Street, the wetland. Needs corrections Paraparaumu Paraparaumu, Airport Airport Land. K176 Ōtaki Rangiuru Road, Foxton Boundaries may warrant further Conservation Ōtaki Beach checking in the field Area K178 Kiripiti Scientific Old Hautere Road, Manawatu Several adjoining ecological sites, Reserve Te Horo Plains / consider merging together Foxton K184 Poplar Avenue South of Poplar Foxton Likely to need adjustments as Wetland Avenue, Opposite revegetation matures. intersection of Mataī Road, Raumati South K185 South Waikawa South of Waikawa Foxton May warrant site visit to check if Beach Dune Lake Beach, adjoining habitat extends seawards. northern boundary of the District. K190 - not (duplicate K185 in Nimmo West Foxton Not included in 2012 PDP, could to be PDP) Nimmo Avenue, Te Moana potentially be added included Avenue forest Road, Leybourne Avenue K196 Octavius Road, SH1, 500m south Foxton Align with QEII boundaries (5/07/402) Waikanae of Hadfield Road for most of the site. K207 Ōtaki Gorge South of Otaki Tararua Could be extended to include more Road, Ōtaki Gorge Road riparian forest

Ecological KCDC Site SITE Name Location Site Boundary Check District K209 Atkins Road, Atkins Road, Ōtaki Manawatu Could potentially be extended to Ōtaki Plains include more forest K210 Tasman Road/Te Between Tasman Foxton Align boundaries with fences where Rauparaha Road and Te possible Street, Ōtaki Rauparaha Street, Ōtaki K211 State Highway 1 Between SH1 and Foxton Needs site visit to check if alignment South, Ōtaki Mill Road, Ōtaki with fences is appropriate K214 Taylors Road, Between Foxton Needs site visit verify indigenous /Old Coach Road, Waiorongomai status. Investigate aligning ecological Ōtaki Road and Taylors site with QEII Covenant boundaries Road, Ōtaki (5/07/556) if ecological values sufficient and fence protects values. K219 State Highway 1 Between Forest Manawatu Needs site visit to check if site South, Ōtaki Lakes Road and Plains / boundaries appropriate Lawlors Road, Foxton Otaki

APPENDIX 6

ECOLOGICAL SITE DATA

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District K001 Lake Lake 15.12 ha Dune lake Best dune lake with outflow to the sea in the Kāpiti District. Overall: Yes Waiorongomai Waiorongomai, Despite stock damage, has open water to dry lake margin North Ōtaki Foxton (15.1ha), Not vegetation sequence. Wetland habitat is nationally rare, and RPS23a: Yes classified (0.02 ha) dune vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. Provides important RPS23ab: Yes 1,780,995 E habitat for wetland species including kapungawha RPS23c: No 6,052,728 N (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani). Under considerable threat RPS23d: Yes from stock and drainage. Foxton ED RAP(2)-4 RPS23e: Yes K002 Lake Huritini Lake Huritini, North 16.77 ha Dune lake, wetland One of the few remaining dune lake and wetland associations Overall: Yes Ōtaki within Foxton ED and is representative of a formally more Foxton (16.77ha) common habitat. Most is raupō swamp, with areas of cabbage RPS23a: Yes 1,782,174 E tree and flaxland. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. The site RPS23ab: Yes 6,053,322 N may contain a forest type that is rare in Wellington region. RPS23c: Yes However, the site is modified and exotic species are common. RPS23d: Yes Provides habitat for bamboo spike-sedge (Eleocharis RPS23e: Unknown sphacelata) and kapungawha (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani). Protected by DOC Covenant. Foxton ED RAP 11. K004 Simcox Swamp Simcox Swamp - 4.61 ha Mānuka scrub wetland Small, ephemeral wetland dominated by mānuka scrub. Overall: Yes North Ōtaki. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Provides habitat for bamboo Foxton (4.61ha) spike-sedge (Eleocharis sphacelata). RPS23a: Yes 1,782,786 E RPS23ab: Yes 6,052,249 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K007 Lake Takapu Road, 16.43 ha Dune lake, wetland, Provides an example of ecological sequence between dune Overall: Yes Kopureherehere Ōtaki kahikatea swamp forest, lake, swamp forest and dry forest formally characteristic of the Foxton (16.43ha) tawa forest area but now uncommon within Foxton ED. Has been modified RPS23a: Yes 1,783,415 E and grazed in the past, appears mostly fenced now. Wetland RPS23ab: Yes 6,051,902 N habitat is nationally rare. Provides habitat for kapungawha RPS23c: Yes (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), kererū, common bully, RPS23d: Yes short-fin eel also contains coarse fisheries tench, perch and RPS23e: Unknown rudd. Foxton ED RAP-10 K008 Takapu Bush Takapu Road, 2.94 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest The largest area of tawa-kohekohe forest on topslope Overall: Yes Ōtaki remaining in Foxton ED (ED has <8% indigenous cover Foxton (2.94ha) remaining). Partially fenced, pest plant species absent. RPS23a: Yes 1,784,231 E Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare. Habitat RPS23ab: Yes 6,051,644 N for kererū. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 11-Takapu Road Bush RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K009 Lake Waitawa Forest Lake Road 28.47 ha Dune lake, wetland, Convoluted dune lake, partially buffered by swamp and dune Overall: Yes swamp forest, dune forest forest and grazed wetland. Raupō reedland, mānuka wetland, 1,783,298 E Foxton (28.47ha) sedgeland and kahikatea over hīnau forest unusual in RPS23a: Yes 6,051,088 N Manawatu Plains ED, wetland to dry forest gradient, high RPS23ab: Yes species diversity, important remnant. Wetland habitat is RPS23c: Yes nationally rare and dune forest is rare in Foxton ED. Lake RPS23d: Yes margins nationally vulnerable ecosystem. Small population of RPS23e: Unknown

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District bamboo spike-sedge (Eleocharis sphacelata) although under threat from grazing, dabchick (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), orchid Caladenia alata (At Risk-Naturally Uncommon) reported, six other plant species rare in ED. Gorse, willow, blackberry, hornwort and waterlily. Camping ground, boatsheds and jetski, kayaking, windsurfing, and sailing. Lake Waitawa was a valued birding and cultivation area for Ngāti Raukawa, including tī kōuka and puha. Indigenous fish include Not Threatened shortfin eel, common bully, common smelt, large populations of introduced perch, tench and rudd for coarse fishery, goldfish also recorded. Forest in Manawatu Plains ED RAP 10-Keeling's Bush. K010 Waimanguru Forest Lakes 1.2 ha Sedgeland wetland, lagoon Small, degraded wetland. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Overall: Yes Lagoon Road, Ōtaki (Lake Provides habitat for small population of bamboo spike-sedge 1) Foxton (1.2ha) (Eleocharis sphacelata) although it is under threat from grazing. RPS23a: Yes Approximately half the site comprises raupō reedland and RPS23ab: Yes 1,782,811 E sedgeland, including bamboo spike sedge, the remaining is RPS23c: Yes 6,050,541 N open water with patches of azolla. Exotic trees (willows) on RPS23d: No some margins. Pine plantation was felled in 2013 and RPS23e: Unknown replanted. Some edges grazed. Water levels appear to have been higher in the past. Weeds such as willow, blackberry and pampas starting to establish. K011 Rotopotakataka Forest Lakes 2.61 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest, Tawa-kohekohe forest, small remnant of swamp forest including Overall: Yes Lake Road, Ōtaki (Lake swamp forest, dune lake very large kahikatea and areas of kiekie, and 0.99 ha Lake 2) Foxton (2.61ha) (24th largest in Wellington region) with record of New Zealand RPS23a: Yes dabchick (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable). Wetland habitat RPS23ab: Yes 1,783,270 E is nationally rare. Although this fragment is very small and RPS23c: Yes 6,050,528 N under threat from pest plant species, especially Tradescantia, it RPS23d: No contains very small areas of uncommon habitat types; tawa- RPS23e: Unknown kohehohe dune forest, swamp forest and open lake all of which are uncommon at national, GWRC, KCDC and Foxton ED scale. There are also extremely small areas of sedgeland, and flaxland. Provides habitat for kererū and common forest birds; a component of a series of fragments in the area. Tiny areas of sedgeland, and flaxland. The lake has been modified and has an artificial species assemblage along half the margin. K012 Ngatotora Lagoon Wairongomai 5.34 ha Dune lake, wetland Dune lake surrounded by wetland- wet to dry vegetation Overall: Yes Road, Ōtaki sequences. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Lake margins Foxton (5.34ha) nationally vulnerable ecosystem. Small, fragmented and RPS23a: Yes 1,781,953 E unfenced but provides habitat for spotless crake (Porzana RPS23ab: Yes 6,050,163 N tabuensis, At Risk-Relict), Longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia, RPS23c: Yes At Risk-Declining) and kapungawha (Schoenoplectus RPS23d: Yes tabernaemontani, regionally sparse). Raupō reedland, flaxland. RPS23e: Yes Looks quite well buffered and connected on aerial. Maori land. Foxton ED RAP(2)-3 K013 Pukehou Swamp Forest Lakes 24.44 ha Wetland, swamp forest, Wetland, swamp forest, secondary indigenous forest. Sequence Overall: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Road, Ōtaki secondary indigenous from flaxland, through shrubland to forest. Wetland habitat is Foxton (23.56ha), forest nationally rare. One of the best and largest representative RPS23a: Yes 1,783,291 E Manawatu Plains example of wetland-swamp forest associations within the RPS23ab: Yes 6,049,888 N (0.88ha) Foxton and Manawatu Ecological Districts; transition between RPS23c: Yes EDs. Provides habitat for New Zealand dabchick (Poliocephalus RPS23d: Yes rufopectus, Nationally Vulnerable), Korthalsella salicornioides RPS23e: Unknown, (At Risk-Naturally Uncommon), Hypolepis distans (regionally not Maori land sparse, uncommon in ED), Doodia australis (regionally sparse), Tmesipteris elongata (uncommon in ED) (Enright et al. 2002; Ravine 1995). Most protected under QEII Covenant and DOC Covenant. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 9-Pritchards Swamp. K014 Waitohu River Waitohu Stream 33.05 ha Estuarine wetland, river One of very few estuarine wetlands in the district. Wetland Overall: Yes Mouth Mouth mouth habitat is nationally rare and dune vegetation is rare in Foxton Foxton (13.72ha), ED. Water levels fluctuate less than historically due to flood RPS23a: Yes 1,779,255 E Not classified (19.32 protection work at the stream mouth. Previously cleared and RPS23ab: Yes 6,050,950 N ha) grazed, but parts being actively managed by local landcare RPS23c: Yes group. Significant intertidal sandflats, marram-spinifex RPS23d: Yes grassland, restiad rushland, sea rush-saltmarsh ribbonwood RPS23e: Yes (regionally sparse) rush-shrubland, three square sedgeland, bachelors’ button herbfield, sand flats and beach. Supports 25 indigenous species of birds and six fish species including Threatened Nationally Critical-grey duck (Anas superciliosa); Threatened- Nationally Endangered-Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus);Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable-red- billed gull (Larus novaehollandiae), banded dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus), Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia), lamprey (Geotria australis); At Risk-declining-pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus), īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia); At Risk-Naturally uncommon-black shag (Phalacrocorax carbo); At Risk-Relict-marsh crake (Porzana pusilla); At Risk-Recovering- variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor). Dune Dry/wet pasture and wetland margin unclear and likely to be highly seasonal. Part Māori land. Waitohu Stream listed in GW RPS - significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). K015 Haruatai Park State Highway 1 5.79 ha Pukatea-kahikatea swamp This site is fragmented and under considerable threat from pest Overall: Yes forest South, Ōtaki forest, wetland plant species. However, kahikatea-pukatea swamp forest is Foxton (5.79ha) very rare in Foxton ED and rare in Wellington region. Wetland RPS23a: Yes 1,782,093 E habitat is nationally rare. Provides habitat for kapungawha RPS23ab: Yes 6,048,077 N (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, regionally sparse) and RPS23c: No kererū. Foxton ED RAP(2)-2 RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K016 Staples Bush 426 State Highway 1.28 ha Kohekohe-māhoe forest Small fragment of kohekohe-māhoe forest on river terrace Overall: Yes 1 Nth, Ōtaki tread; a rare vegetation type in Manawatu Plains ED (where Manawatu Plains <5% indigenous cover remains). Indigenous vegetation on RPS23a: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 1,786,044 E (1.28ha) alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23ab: Yes 6,050,182 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K017 Tararua Ranges Tararua Ranges 41,273.09 ha Tawa forest, kāmahi forest, Largest area of native bush/wilderness in Kāpiti. Mountainous Overall: Yes and foothills māhoe forest, mamaku landscapes with extensive tracts of relatively unmodified 1,782,730 E Tararua forest, sub-alpine indigenous vegetation, altitudinal vegetation sequences, wildlife RPS23a: Yes 6,030,802 N (41221.76ha), shrubland, with areas of habitat, and upper catchments of many rivers. Hall's tōtara- RPS23ab: Yes Manawatu Plains alpine grasslands, river pahautea-kāmahi forest is rare in Wellington region, kohekohe- RPS23c: Yes (41.1ha), Wellington valleys. tawa and tawa-kāmahi-podocarp forest along the western RPS23d: Yes (3.15ha) foothills represent rare forest types in the Wellington region. RPS23e: Yes Vegetation includes representative examples or rare or unique forest communities. Indigenous fauna known from the site include: Threatened-Nationally Endangered-Powelliphanta traversi tararuaensis; Threatened - Nationally Vulnerable-bush falcon (Falco novaeseelandie ‘bush’), North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis), long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus), shortjaw kōkopu (Galaxias postvectis); At Risk - Naturally Uncommon-long-tailed cuckoo (Eudynamys taitensis); At Risk - Declining-North Island rifleman (Acanthissita chloris granti), kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia), redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri), Dwarf galaxias (West Coast) (Galaxias divergens), scarlet mistletoe (Peraxilla colensoi); At Risk - Relict-flax weevil (Anagotus fairburni); Regionally sparse- North Island robin (Petroica longipes), whitehead (Mohoua albicilla), tomtit (Petroica macrocephala), bellbird (Anthornis melanura); and a wide range of common forest birds including: Yellow-crowned parakeet, shining cuckoo, kererū, morepork, tūī, fantail, grey warbler. A range of animal pest species are present. Indigenous flora includes 24 species of orchid and At Risk-Declining-Dwarf musk (Mazus novaezeelandiae subsp. Novaezeelandiae), Kirk's daisy (Brachyglottis kirkii var. kirkii), Swamp nettle (Urtica linearifolia), Scarlet mistletoe (Peraxilla colensoi); , At Risk-Naturally Uncommon-spaniard (Aciphylla dissecta), little spotted moa (Drymoanthus flavus); At Risk- Relict-Large-leaved milk tree (Streblus banksii). Encompasses areas that feature in tribal history of tangata whenua. Notable geological features, including fault and glaciation landforms. Recreational opportunities from remote to back country drive-in. Incl. Manawatu Plains ED RAP2 Moffat's Bush. K018 Castlehill Farm Rahui Road, Ōtaki 6.09 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest Kohekohe- tawa forest, with pukatea-nīkau swamp forest along Overall: Yes Bush the toe of the old river escarpment; mamaku is common in 1,783,385 E Manawatu Plains spring-fed gullies. One of few known occurrences of wharangi RPS23a: Yes 6,046,653 N (6.09ha) in ED south of Waitōtara. Habitat for common forest birds RPS23ab: Yes including shining cuckoo, kererū. Banded kōkopu recorded RPS23c: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District from the stream along the foot of the site. Forest is rare in RPS23d: Yes Manawatu Plains Ecological District (<5% indigenous cover RPS23e: Unknown, remains) and in the Wellington region, and this forest not Maori land contributes nearly half of the tawa-kohekohe forest in Manawatu Plains ED. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. This site is threatened by pest plant species, especially Japanese honeysuckle, banana passion vine, old man’s beard, tradescantia and blackberry in the wetter areas. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 8- Castle Hill Farm. K019 Waitohu Stream Waitohu Valley 2.63 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest Tawa-kohekohe forest is rare within the Manawatu Plains ED Overall: Yes Bush A Road, Ōtaki (<5% indigenous cover remains). Could include lowland tōtara Manawatu Plains forest which is rare in Wellington region. Indigenous vegetation RPS23a: Yes 1,784,369 E (2.63ha) on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. Provides habitat RPS23ab: Yes 6,046,529 N for kererū. Waitohu Stream listed in GW RPS as having RPS23c: No significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous RPS23d: No fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23e: Unknown K020 Hillas Bush Rahui Road, Ōtaki 2.11 ha Kāmahi forest Forest provides habitat for the Nationally Critical Powelliphanta Overall: Yes traversi otakia (Department of Conservation 1996), one of only 1,783,967 E Manawatu Plains three known populations nationally of this subspecies. kāmahi RPS23a: Yes 6,045,344 N (2.11ha) and kohekohe-tawa forest is rare in the Manawatu Plains ED RPS23ab: Yes (<5% indigenous cover remains). Indigenous vegetation on RPS23c: No alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. Protected by DOC RPS23d: Yes Covenant. RPS23e: Unknown K021 Rahui Road Bush Rahui Road, Ōtaki 3.73 ha Tōtara-tawa-kāmahi forest Small, fragmented and under threat from pest plant species, Overall: Yes D however is a representative example of tōtara forest with tawa 1,784,118 E Manawatu Plains and kāmahi within Manawatu Plains ED. Lowland tōtara forest RPS23a: Yes 6,045,122 N (3.73ha) is rare in Wellington region and tawa forest is rare in Manawatu RPS23ab: Yes Plains ED (<5% indigenous cover remains within the ED). RPS23c: No Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23d: No ecosystem. RPS23e: Unknown K022 Rahui Road Bush Rahui Road, Ōtaki 6.7 ha Kāmahi forest, tawa-tōtara Small and fragmented, however is a representative example of Overall: Yes F forest tawa-tōtara forest within Manawatu Plains ED. Includes 1,784,576 E Manawatu Plains pukatea, hīnau, mamaku, swamp maire (uncommon in ED), RPS23a: Yes 6,045,009 N (6.7ha) little understorey to do low light. Undescribed carabid beetle RPS23ab: Yes recorded (Ravine 1995); pair of falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae RPS23c: No "bush", Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable) seen within 200m RPS23d: Yes Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23e: Unknown ecosystem. kāmahi forest, tawa forest, and indigenous forest in Manawatu Plains ED is rare (<5% indigenous cover remains). Lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. Top edge fenced, barberry may cause problems. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 7-Hughes Bush B. K023 Rahui Road Bush 476-490 & 566 19.61 ha Kāmahi forest, tawa forest, Along with K025 this site is the best representative example of Overall: Yes E Rahui Road, Ōtaki tawa-kohekohe forest kāmahi forest within Manawatu Plains ED. kāmahi forest, tawa Tararua (0.62ha), forest, and indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23a: Yes 1,785,689 E Manawatu Plains (<5% indigenous cover remains). RPS23ab: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 6,043,766 N (18.99ha) RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K024 Rahui Road Bush 535 Rahui Road, 3.36 ha Pukatea-tawa-kohekohe Best representative example of semi-swamp forest in Overall: Yes A Ōtaki forest Manawatu Plains ED. Tall pukatea-tawa canopy with kohekohe- Manawatu Plains (māhoe)-(nīkau) subcanopy; 17 fern species included RPS23a: Yes 1,784,832 E (3.36ha) uncommon in ED soft tree fern (Cyathea smithii). Indigenous RPS23ab: Yes 6,042,970 N vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem, and RPS23c: No indigenous forest in the Manawatu Plains ED is rare (<5% RPS23d: No indigenous cover remains). Manawatu Plains ED RAP 3 RPS23e: Unknown Denton's Bush notes weeds including old man's beard, tradescantia and Jerusalum cherry, and some stock intrusion. K025 Rahui Road Bush 566 Rahui Road, 9.58 ha Kāmahi forest, tawa forest One of the better representative examples of uncommon Overall: Yes C Ōtaki northern rātā/tawa-kohekohe, kāmahi forest types with a small Manawatu Plains amount of tōtara-kohekohe-kāmahi forest. These forest types RPS23a: Yes 1,785,382 E (9.58ha) are uncommon on the low foothills of the Tararua ED. RPS23ab: Yes 6,042,463 N Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare. It has RPS23c: Yes some weeds on lower edges and a long narrow shape reduces RPS23d: Yes its viability to some degree. A range of common indigenous RPS23e: Unknown forest birds recorded - may provide stepping stone habitat to other Ecological Sites. Described in Manawatu Plains ED RAP 6- Croad's Bush, good condition, uncommon plant species combination and Along with K023 this site is the best representative example of kāmahi forest within Manawatu Plains ED. K026 Rahui Road Bush 66 Waimanu 3.83 ha Northern rātā/tawa- A small representative area of tōtara-kohekohe-kāmahi forest, Overall: Yes B Grove, Ōtaki kohekohe, kāmahi forest includes some emergent northern rātā and rewarewa, good Manawatu Plains types, tōtara-kohekohe- diverse understorey. This habitat type and tawa-kohekohe RPS23a: Yes 1,785,690 E (3.83ha) kāmahi forest, and some forest are rare within Manawatu Plains ED (<5% indigenous RPS23ab: Yes 6,041,807 N treefern cover remains). Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is RPS23c: Yes nationally rare ecosystem. Common forest birds recorded, RPS23d: No falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae "bush", Threatened-Nationally RPS23e: Unknown, Vulnerable) seen within 2km. Likely to support At Risk- not Maori land. Declining: Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis). Small patches of blackberry, passionfruit vine (Passiflora mollissima) and river borne weeds (tradescantia). K027 Ōtaki River Mouth Ōtaki River Mouth 69.03 ha Estuarine wetland, river The Otaki River is the second largest river in the Kāpiti District. Overall: Yes mouth The estuary provides habitat for banded dotterel, Caspian tern 1,778,200 E Foxton (53.79ha), and longfin eel. Dunes are an naturally rare ecosystem type RPS23a: Yes 6,047,483 N Not classified (15.23 classified as Endangered, and dune vegetation is rare in Foxton RPS23ab: Yes ha) ED, but the dune system is degraded and with high level of RPS23c: Yes threat from pest plant species. Flood control measures have RPS23d: Yes greatly modified the system. RPS23e: The Otaki River and its estuary are important

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District resources and this area has always provided kai moana and materials such as flax for various uses. Adjacent to culturally important Te Horo Beach K028 Gorge Road, Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 2.41 ha Mataī-tōtara-kohekohe Small, fragmented and under some threat from pest plant Overall: Yes D Ōtaki forest species. Lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region and Manawatu Plains in Manawatu Plans ED (<5% indigenous cover remains in the RPS23a: Yes 1,781,408 E (2.41ha) ED). Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23ab: Yes 6,044,768 N ecosystem. Provides habitat for Korthalsella lindsayi. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K029 Braeview Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 1.86 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest A very small and narrow fragment, degraded in part, limited Overall: Yes Ōtaki regeneration and under threat from pest plant species. Manawatu Plains Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23a: Yes 1,783,010 E (1.86ha) ecosystem and indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23ab: Yes 6,044,735 N (<5% indigenous cover remains). Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K030 Gorge Road Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 1.45 ha Tōtara-kohekohe forest Small, fragmented and under threat from pest plant species, but Overall: Yes C Ōtaki one of only a few fragments of its type within Manawatu Plains Manawatu Plains ED. Indigenous forest is uncommon in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23a: Yes 1,782,259 E (1.45ha) (<5% indigenous cover remains) and lowland tōtara forest is RPS23ab: Yes 6,044,432 N rare in Wellington region. Part of a series of fragments that may RPS23c: No provide stepping stone habitat. Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K031 Ōtaki River Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 6.02 ha Tōtara forest The largest and best example of tōtara forest on alluvial plains Overall: Yes A Ōtaki in the Manawatu Plains ED (<5% indigenous cover remains in Manawatu Plains the ED). Includes mataī, tītoki and largest population of RPS23a: Yes 1,783,212 E (6.02ha) wharangi in southern part of ED. Common forest birds RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,414 N recorded. Lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23c: No Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23d: Yes ecosystem. Partially protected under QEII Covenant and RPS23e: Unknown contiguous with K032. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 4 - Kirkwell Bush K032 Ōtaki River Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 1.57 ha Tōtara-māhoe forest Contiguous with K031 (Ōtaki River Bush A). Representative of Overall: Yes B Ōtaki tōtara-māhoe forest although very small. Indigenous forest is Manawatu Plains rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% indigenous cover remains) RPS23a: Yes 1,783,407 E (1.57ha) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,283 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K033 Gorge Road Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 1.7 ha Tōtara forest Small fragment with considerable weed threat and limited Overall: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District A Ōtaki regeneration. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is Manawatu Plains nationally rare ecosystem, indigenous forest in Manawatu RPS23a: Yes 1,783,031 E (1.7ha) Plains is rare (<5% indigenous cover remains), and lowland RPS23ab: Yes 6,042,965 N tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K034 Mansells Bush 568 Ōtaki Gorge 4.19 ha Kohekohe-tawa-nīkau A relatively small fragment of kohekohe-tawa forest on hill Overall: Yes Road, Ōtaki forest country. Kohekohe-tawa forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED Manawatu Plains (<5% indigenous cover remains). Protected by DOC Covenant. RPS23a: Yes 1,784,036 E (4.19ha) RPS23ab: Yes 6,041,307 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K035 Hautere Bush C 1081 State .82 ha Tītoki-tōtara forest Provides habitat for Streblus banksii, Ileostylis micranthus, and Overall: Yes Highway South, DOC historic records list Korthalsella lindsayi. Indigenous Ōtaki, Nth of Te Foxton (0.82ha) vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23a: Yes Waka Road, Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% RPS23ab: Yes Te Horo indigenous cover remains) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in RPS23c: No Wellington region. RPS23d: No 1,779,774 E RPS23e: Unknown 6,044,173 N K036 Te Waka Road Corner Te Waka 1.61 ha Tōtara-kohekohe forest Provides habitat for Korthalsella lindsayi and Nestegis montana. Overall: Yes Bush Road/SH 1. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare Te Horo. Foxton (1.61ha) ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23a: Yes (<5% indigenous cover remains) and lowland tōtara forest is RPS23ab: Yes 1,779,396 E rare in Wellington region. RPS23c: No 6,043,584 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K037 Cottle’s Bush SH1 (opposite 1.47 ha Tōtara-mataī forest Part of a series of fragments across the plains providing links Overall: Yes Te Waka Road between Kāpiti Island to the Tararua Ranges. Recovering from intersection, Foxton (1.47ha) grazing, weed infestation, currently low quality but recovering. RPS23a: Yes Te Horo) Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare RPS23ab: Yes ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23c: No 1,779,598 E (<5% indigenous cover remains) and lowland tōtara forest is RPS23d: No 6,043,493 N rare in Wellington region. RPS23e: Unknown K038 Hautere Bush F SH1 (opposite 3.51 ha Tōtara-tītoki-mataī forest Convoluted, unfenced and lacking an understory. Part of a Overall: Yes Te Waka Road series of fragments across the plains providing links between intersection, Foxton (3.51ha) Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Indigenous vegetation on RPS23a: Yes Te Horo) alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is RPS23ab: Yes rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara RPS23c: No 1,779,994 E forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23d: No 6,043,907 N RPS23e: Unknown K039 Hautere Bush E 64 - 66 Old 3.25 ha Tōtara-mataī-tītoki forest The area is approximate and should exclude trees on Lot 1 DP Overall: Yes Hautere Road, 74253. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare Te Horo Foxton (3.25ha) ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23a: Yes (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington RPS23ab: Yes

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 1,780,238 E region. Convoluted but one of largest fragments of its type in RPS23c: No 6,044,053 N the area with relatively good regeneration. RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K040 Kiripiti Bush 92 Old Hautere 1.74 ha Tōtara-mataī-tītoki forest This site is compact with good understorey and natural Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo regeneration. One of the best examples of habitat of its type in Manawatu Plains the area. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally RPS23a: Yes 1,780,572 E (1.74ha) rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,746 N ED (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in RPS23c: No Wellington region. Part of a series of fragments across the RPS23d: Yes plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. RPS23e: Unknown K041 Hautere Bush D Old Hautere Road, 1.04 ha Tōtara-mataī-tītoki forest These fragments are contiguous with Kiripiti Scenic Reserve Overall: Yes Te Horo and provide one of the best examples of this habitat type in the Manawatu Plains Manawatu Plains and Foxton EDs. Indigenous vegetation on RPS23a: Yes 1,780,411 E (0.84ha), Foxton alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,841 N (0.2ha) rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) and Foxton ED RPS23c: No (<8% remains) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington RPS23d: Yes region. Provides habitat for Korthalsella lindsayi (KCDC files). RPS23e: Unknown Part of a series of fragments across the plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. Occurs in both Foxton and Manawatu Plains ED. K042 Bothamley Bush Old Hautere Road, 3.61 ha Tōtara-tītoki-mataī forest The largest fragment of its type within Kāpiti District. Overall: Yes Te Horo Understorey present but site is convoluted and under Manawatu Plains considerable threat from pest plant species. Indigenous RPS23a: Yes 1,781,243 E (3.61ha) vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,970 N Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) RPS23c: No and lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. Part of a RPS23d: Yes series of fragments across the plains that may provide stepping RPS23e: Unknown stone habitat. K043 Ludlams Bush / 235 - 269 Old 3.41 ha Tōtara forest Moderately sized fragment under considerable threat from pest Overall: Yes Tōtara Grove Hautere Road, plant species. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is Te Horo Manawatu Plains nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in RPS23a: Yes (3.41ha) Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara forest RPS23ab: Yes 1,781,976 E is rare in Wellington region. Part of a series of fragments across RPS23c: No 6,044,132 N the plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K044 Old Hautere Road 212 Old Hautere 1.45 ha Tōtara-mataī forest, tōtara- Small and convoluted fragment under considerable threat from Overall: Yes Bush Road, Te Horo tītoki forest pest species. Part of a series of fragments across the plains (Old Hautere Road Manawatu Plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. Indigenous vegetation RPS23a: Yes Bush). (1.44ha) on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest RPS23ab: Yes is rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) and lowland RPS23c: No 1,781,613 E tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23d: No 6,043,740 N RPS23e: Unknown K045 Gorge Road Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 1.91 ha Tōtara-tītoki-kohekohe Small, fragmented with sparse understorey and under threat Overall: Yes B Ōtaki forest from pest plant species. Part of a series of fragments across the Manawatu Plains plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. Indigenous RPS23a: Yes 1,782,571 E (1.91ha) vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23ab: Yes

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 6,043,927 N Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) RPS23c: No and lowland tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K046 Empsons Bush Ōtaki Gorge Road, 6.88 ha Tōtara-(mataī) forest Half of this fragment is unfenced. Understorey is sparse but one Overall: Yes Ōtaki of largest fragments of its type in ED without significant Manawatu Plains amounts of tītoki in canopy. Understorey of small-leaved RPS23a: Yes 1,781,880 E (6.88ha) shrubs. Part of a series of fragments across the plains that may RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,180 N provide stepping stone habitat. Indigenous vegetation on RPS23c: No alluvial plain is a nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is RPS23d: Yes rare in Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains), and lowland tōtara RPS23e: Unknown forest is rare in Wellington region. Long-tailed cuckoo (At Risk- Naturally Uncommon), and ornate skink (Oligosoma ornatum, At Risk-Declining) recorded. Manawatu Plains ED RAP 4- Ainslie Farm Bush. K047 Huapaka Bush Gorge Road, Ōtaki 3.65 ha Tōtara forest This site is highly convoluted and narrow in parts, but is an Overall: Yes example of a formally common habitat type and is part of a 1,783,147 E Manawatu Plains series of fragments across the plains that may provide stepping RPS23a: Yes 6,042,242 N (3.65ha) stone habitat. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is RPS23ab: Yes nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in RPS23c: No Manawatu Plains ED (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara forest RPS23d: Yes is rare in Wellington region. Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23e: Unknown K048 Mangaone Bush B 113 - 115 Arcus 2.75 ha Tōtara-mataī-tītoki forest One of the largest fragments of its type. Relatively small threat Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo from pest plant species and ungrazed. Provides habitat for Manawatu Plains kererū. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is a nationally RPS23a: Yes 1,780,150 E (2.75ha) rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,179 N ED (<5% remains) and lowland tōtara forest is rare in RPS23c: No Wellington region. Part of a series of fragments across the RPS23d: No plains that may provide stepping stone habitat. RPS23e: Unknown K049 Mangaone Bush A 107 - 109 Arcus 3.12 ha Kohekohe-tītoki forest One of the largest fragments of its type within Kāpiti District. Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is a nationally rare Manawatu Plains ecosystem. Indigenous forest is rare in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23a: Yes 1,780,324 E (3.12ha) (<5% remaining). Provides habitat for Streblus banksii (At Risk- RPS23ab: Yes 6,042,802 N Relict). RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K050 Catley Road Bush 11 - 15 Catley 1.32 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest with Small, relatively good quality area of a nationally rare Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo kawakawa and nīkau ecosystem (indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain). Indigenous Manawatu Plains forest on the Manawatu Plains is rare (<5% remaining). Part of RPS23a: Yes 1,780,127 E (1.32ha) a series of fragments across the plains that may provide RPS23ab: Yes 6,041,943 N stepping stone habitat. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K051 Hautere Bush A 138 Te Horo .82 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest Part of a series of fragments across the plains that may provide Overall: Yes Hautere Cross stepping stone habitat. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is Road, Te Horo Manawatu Plains a nationally rare ecosystem. Indigenous forest on the RPS23a: Yes (0.82ha) Manawatu Plains is rare (<5%). Fenced with good understorey RPS23ab: Yes

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 1,780,405 E although severe Tradescantia infestation. Provides habitat for RPS23c: No 6,041,730 N kererū. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K052 Hautere Bush B Te Horo Hautere 1.4 ha Tawa-kohekohe-tītoki Good regenerating example of its type. Part of a series of Overall: Yes Cross Road, forest fragments across the plains that may provide stepping stone Te Horo Manawatu Plains habitat. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is a nationally RPS23a: Yes (1.4ha) rare ecosystem, and indigenous forest in Manawatu Plains ED RPS23ab: Yes 1,780,462 E is rare (<5% remaining). RPS23c: No 6,041,281 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K053 Huttons Bush Te Horo Hautere 4.92 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest Provides habitat for Nationally Critical land snail (Powelliphanta Overall: Yes Cross Road, traversi otakia), and also kererū. Indigenous forest on the Te Horo Manawatu Plains Manawatu Plains is rare (<5% remains). RPS23a: Yes (4.92ha) RPS23ab: Yes 1,782,458 E RPS23c: Yes 6,040,973 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K054 Te Horo Bush 877 State Highway 1.98 ha Tītoki-karaka forest, tawa- Tītoki-karaka forest on the floodplain, tawa on the sand dunes, Overall: Yes 1, Te Horo kohekohe forest pukatea along streams and wetter areas of floodplain; Foxton (1.98ha) kawakawa and kohekohe understorey, seven species of RPS23a: Yes 1,778,298 E climbing vine. On boundary of Manawatu Plains ED and Foxton RPS23ab: Yes 6,042,799 N ED with characteristics of both. Natural springs have resulted in RPS23c: Yes increased plant diversity. Indigenous forest and swamp forest is RPS23d: No rare in Foxton ED (<8% indigenous cover remaining). The RPS23e: Unknown understorey is sparse and the site is under threat from pest plant species (elderberry and tradescantia), mostly on the edges. Provides habitat for kererū and common forest birds. Manawatu Plain ED RAP1-Faith's Bush K055 Te Hapua Road Te Hapua Road, 48.01 ha Dune wetland Representative remnant of a formerly extensive Levin to Overall: Yes Swamp A Te Horo Paekākāriki dune wetland. One of the largest examples Foxton (48ha) remaining in the Foxton Ecological District. Palustrine swamp RPS23a: Yes 1,774,959 E and fen comprising harakeke flaxland, with areas of reedland RPS23ab: Yes 6,041,226 N and mingimingi (Coprosma propinqua var. propinqua)-kānuka RPS23c: Yes treeland on a sand plain. Wetland habitat is a nationally rare RPS23d: Yes ecosystem, and dune vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. Several RPS23e: Unknown other Ecological Sites are in close proximity. Rare species include possible Kunzea amathicola (At Risk-Declining), swamp buttercup (Ranunculus macropus, Data Deficient); regionally sparse species Carex dipsacea, Potentilla anserinoides, kapungawha (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), Baumea articulata; and other species uncommon in the Wellington region; Gratiola sexdentata, Carex maorica and Viola lyallii (Enright & John 2001). Habitat for New Zealand dabchick (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), spotless crake (At Risk- Relict) and 15 other indigenous bird species, and range of introduced species. Golden bell frog heard, no other records

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District for lizards, fish or invertebrates. K056 Te Hapua Road 84 Te Hapua 1.41 ha Dune wetland Small wetland habitat with constructed pond and exotic species Overall: Yes Swamp E Road, Te Horo common. Wetland habitat is a nationally rare ecosystem, and Foxton (1.41ha) dune forest is rare in Foxton ED. RPS23a: Yes 1,776,599 E RPS23ab: Yes 6,040,903 N RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K057 Te Hapua Road Te Hapua Road, 7.37 ha Dune wetland Site of moderate size in relation to Foxton ED. Provides habitat Overall: Yes Swamp C Te Horo for bamboo spike-sedge (Eleocharis sphacelata). Contains Foxton (7.37ha) open water-reedland-sedgeland-scrub wetland associations. RPS23a: Yes 1,775,424 E Wetland habitat is a nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23ab: Yes 6,040,626 N RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K058 Awatea Bush SH1 opposite 7.17 ha Kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest Part of a series of fragments across the plains that provide links Overall: Yes Te Hapua Road, between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Below main Te Horo Foxton (7.17ha) block of forest is a population of Streblus banksii. Provides RPS23a: Yes habitat for kererū. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is a RPS23ab: Yes 1,776,912 E nationally rare ecosystem. Partly protected by QEII Covenant. RPS23c: No 6,039,640 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K059 Awatea Scarp SH1 opposite 2.02 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest, Fragment is very small and narrow. Indigenous vegetation on Overall: Yes Bush Remnant Te Hapua Road, induced wetland alluvial plain is a nationally rare ecosystem. Area of wetland is Te Horo Foxton (2.02ha) small and induced. RPS23a: Yes RPS23ab: Yes 1,776,287 E RPS23c: No 6,039,019 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K060 Peka Peka Road Peka Peka Road, 4.4 ha Harakeke wetland Moderately sized wetland with small area of open water and Overall: Yes Swamp Peka Peka harakeke flaxland-Juncus rushland-coprosma scrub Foxton (4.4ha) associations. Wetland habitat is a nationally rare ecosystem. RPS23a: Yes 1,774,552 E Protected under DOC and QEII covenants. RPS23ab: Yes 6,038,810 N RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K061 Waikanae Bush SH1 opposite Peka 7.43 ha Kohekohe forest, Kohekohe-tawa forest, tītoki-māhoe treeland. Kohekohe forest Overall: Yes Peka kohekohe-tawa forest, at low altitude is uncommon within Foxton ED (<8% indigenous Foxton (7.43ha) tītoki-māhoe treeland cover remains). Provides habitat for kererū. Protected as part RPS23a: Yes 1,775,867 E Scenic Reserve and part QEII covenant RPS23ab: Yes 6,037,603 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K062 Hemi Matenga Foothills, 336.07 ha Kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest One of the 10 largest sites of lowland kohekohe forest in Overall: Yes Forest Waikanae Greater Wellington region. Kohekohe forest merges into Tararua (323.53ha), lowland broadleaved tawa-tītoki forest with rimu and rātā RPS23a: Yes

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 1,776,486 E Foxton (12.51ha) emergents. Kohekohe forest mostly occurs on near-coastal RPS23ab: Yes 6,036,365 N south-facing slopes, and is uncommon in the Tararua ED. RPS23c: Yes Protected in part under Scenic Reserve and DOC covenant. RPS23d: Yes Three tongues of privately-owned forest extend from Tararua RPS23e: Unknown ED into Foxton ED (less than 8% of indigenous forest remains). Habitat for kererū and common forest birds . K063 Huia Street Bush Huia Street, 1.51 ha Kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest Very small fragment with considerable threat from pest plant Overall: Yes Waikanae species. Kohekohe forest is uncommon within Foxton ED (<8% Foxton (1.51ha) indigenous cover within the ED). Separated from the very large RPS23a: Yes 1,775,186 E Hemi Matenga Forest by a road. RPS23ab: Yes 6,035,961 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K064 Paetawa Bush SH1 Nth Waikanae 1.59 ha Kohekohe, tītoki, tawa A very small example of a forest type that is rare within Foxton Overall: Yes forest ED and Wellington region. 1,775,207 E Foxton (1.59ha) RPS23a: Yes 6,037,183 N RPS23ab: Yes RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K065 Waikanae Nth SH1 Nth Waikanae 6.85 ha Kānuka-mānuka scrub A relatively large area of kānuka-mānuka scrub and sphagnum Overall: Yes Scrubland moss wetland. Habitat of this type is uncommon within Foxton 1,774,658 E Foxton (6.85ha) ED. Wetlands are nationally rare. RPS23a: Yes 6,036,209 N RPS23ab: Yes RPS23c: No RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K066 Te Harakeke Nth Rutherford 65.26 ha Dune wetland Kahikatea, pukatea, toe toe, cabbage trees, mānuka occur in Overall: Yes Swamp Drive, Waikanae the wetland. The second largest area of harakeke flaxland and Foxton (65.26ha) raupō reedland in the Kāpiti District. An important RPS23a: Yes 1,772,405 E representation of habitat formally common in the Kāpiti Coast RPS23ab: Yes 6,037,218 N District. Wetland habitat is nationally rare and dune forest and RPS23c: Yes swamp forest is rare in Foxton ED (<8% indigenous cover RPS23d: Yes remains in the ED). Mostly protected under QEII Covenant. RPS23e: Unknown Australasian bittern (Threatened-Nationally Endangered) present; At Risk-Declining: long-fin eel, īnanga, Wellington green gecko. Foxton ED RAP-6 K067 Wi Parātā Reserve Rimu Street, 2.91 ha Kohekohe forest Kohekohe-(tītoki) canopy with occasional emergent rewarewa. Overall: Yes Bush Waikanae Site is small and vulnerable to pest plant species encroaching Foxton (2.91ha) from residential gardens. Rare habitat type in Foxton ED and RPS23a: Yes 1,773,614 E much reduced in Wellington region. Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23ab: Yes 6,035,036 N Protected as Council Reserve. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K068 Osbornes Swamp Te Moana Road, .95 ha Raupō-harakeke wetland Wetland is small and modified. Wetland habitat is nationally Overall: Yes Waikanae and remnant dune forest rare. Dune forest is rare in Foxton ED. Protected under QEII

DRAFT

District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Foxton (0.95ha) Covenant. RPS23a: Yes 1,771,144 E RPS23ab: Yes 6,035,584 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K069 Waikanae Park Park Avenue, .51 ha Kohekohe forest A small fragment with a sparse understorey, but kohekohe- Overall: Yes Bush Waikanae (tītoki) forest on dunes is uncommon in Foxton ED and much Foxton (0.51ha) reduced in Wellington region. Provides habitat for Korthalsella RPS23a: Yes 1,772,838 E salicornioides (At Risk-Naturally Uncommon, Townsend et al. RPS23ab: Yes 6,034,839 N 1998). Partly protected as Recreation Reserve. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K070 Russell Reserve Ngaio Road, 2.12 ha Kohekohe tītoki Forest A small area of kohekohe-tītoki forest, a habitat type that is Overall: Yes Bush Waikanae uncommon in the Foxton ED and which is much reduced in Foxton (2.12ha) Wellington region. Provides habitat for kererū and Streblus RPS23a: Yes 1,773,025 E banksii (At Risk-Relict). Partly protected as Recreation RPS23ab: Yes 6,034,741 N Reserve. RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K071 Narn’s Bush State Highway 1 6.69 ha Kohekohe-tītoki-tawa A small representative example of kohekohe forest - uncommon Overall: Yes South, Waikanae forest, kāmahi forest, on lowland within Foxton ED, and much reduced in Wellington Foxton (6.69ha) kānuka scrub region. Very small area of kāmahi forest and scrub RPS23a: Yes 1,773,578 E successional to kohekohe forest. At Risk-Declining; redfin bully RPS23ab: Yes 6,033,707 N (Gobiomorphus huttoni), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia), RPS23c: Yes īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), provides habitat for kererū. Most RPS23d: Yes protected QEII Covenants. RPS23e: Unknown K072 Reikorangi Road Reikorangi Road, 6.6 ha Tawa-tītoki forest, A small narrow example of tawa-tītoki and kohekohe-tītoki Overall: Yes Bush A Reikorangi kohekohe-tītoki-tawa forest forest which are much reduced in Wellington region, and are Tararua (6.6ha) part of a series of fragments adjacent to the Waikanae River. RPS23a: Yes 1,774,238 E Kohekohe forest mostly occurs on near-coastal south-facing RPS23ab: No 6,033,263 N slopes, and is therefore uncommon in the Tararua ED and RPS23c: No Wellington region. Deer present. Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23d: No Protected under DOC covenant. RPS23e: Unknown K073 Waikanae South 16 Aston Road, 4.92 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest A small example of kohekohe-tawa forest which is much Overall: Yes Bush Paraparaumu, reduced in Wellington region. Provides habitat for kererū. Foothills, South of Foxton (2.79ha), Protected under DOC Covenant. RPS23a: Yes Waikanae Tararua (2.13ha) RPS23ab: Yes RPS23c: No 1,773,558 E RPS23d: No 6,032,928 N RPS23e: Unknown K074 Reikorangi Road 26 Reikorangi 3.31 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest, A small area of kohekohe-tawa forest with remnant podocarp Overall: Yes Bush B Road, Reikorangi māhoe forest and a small area of secondary forest that is part of a series of East side of River Tararua (3.31ha) fragments adjacent to the Waikanae River. Kohekohe forest RPS23a: Yes mostly occurs on near-coastal south-facing slopes, and is RPS23ab: Yes 1,774,547 E therefore uncommon in the Tararua ED and much reduced in RPS23c: Yes 6,032,899 N Wellington region. Provides habitat for kererū. Protected under RPS23d: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District QEII Covenant. RPS23e: Unknown K075 Reikorangi Road Reikorangi Road, 3.09 ha Tītoki-tawa-rewarewa A small narrow area of tītoki-tawa with some regeneration. Part Overall: Yes Bush C Reikorangi West forest of a series of fragments adjacent to the Waikanae River. In the side of River Tararua (3.09ha) Waikanae River adjacent to the site - Threatened-Nationally RPS23a: Yes Vulnerable: lamprey (Geotria australis); At Risk-Declining; RPS23ab: Yes 1,774,438 E redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni,), Longfin eel (Anguilla RPS23c: No 6,033,115 N dieffenbachia), Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K076 Reikorangi Road Reikorangi Road, 7.67 ha Tawa-tītoki-kohekohe A small example of indigenous vegetation in good condition that Overall: Yes Bush D Reikorangi forest is part of a series of fragments adjacent to the Waikanae River. Tararua (7.67ha) A very small area of wetland present on floodplain. Provides RPS23a: Yes 1,774,770 E habitat for regionally uncommon bellbird and also for maire RPS23ab: Yes 6,032,214 N tawahe (Syzygium maire), kererū, and common forest birds. RPS23c: Yes Mostly protected by OEII Covenant. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K077 Waikanae Gorge Reikorangi Road, 25.83 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest A relatively good quality example of indigenous forest on river Overall: Yes Bush Reikorangi terrace that is part of a series of fragments adjacent to the Tararua (25.83ha) Waikanae River. Provides habitat for At Risk-Declining; redfin RPS23a: Yes 1,774,704 E bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), Longfin eel (Anguilla RPS23ab: Yes 6,031,366 N dieffenbachia), and also kererū. Partially protected under DOC RPS23c: Yes Covenant and QEII Covenant. RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K078 Bluff Hill Bush Reikorangi Road, 12.81 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest A relatively good quality example of tawa-kohekohe forest that Overall: Yes Reikorangi (Bluff is part of a series of fragments adjacent to the Waikanae River. Hill Bush) Tararua (12.81ha) Provides habitat for kererū. Protected under QEII Covenant. RPS23a: Yes RPS23ab: No 1,774,939 E RPS23c: Yes 6,031,607 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown K079 Mangaone Road Ngatiawa / 23.21 ha Tawa forest, kāmahi forest Moderate size, relatively good quality example of tawa forest Overall: Yes Bush Mangaone Sth with small area of kāmahi forest riparian margin. Provides Road, Reikorangi Tararua (23.2ha) habitat for At Risk-Declining; redfin bully (Gobiomorphus RPS23a: Yes huttoni), Longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia), kōaro (Galaxias RPS23ab: Yes 1,776,442 E brevipinnis) and īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), ornate skink RPS23c: Yes 6,032,325 N (Oligosoma ornatum), At Risk-Naturally Uncommon Long-tailed RPS23d: Yes cuckoo, regionally sparse bellbird, and kererū. Protected under RPS23e: Unknown, QEII Covenant. Mangaone Stream listed in GW RPS as not Maori land. having significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). K080 Ngatiawa Road Ngatiawa Road, 10.02 ha Kāmahi forest, tawa forest, Small, narrow areas of habitat types uncommon on lowland Overall: Bush Reikorangi māhoe forest within the Tararua ED. Mosaic with areas of exotic vegetation Tararua (10.02ha) adjoining and of varying quality. Provides important links RPS23a: E between other significant fragments and the Tararua Ranges. RPS23ab: N Includes DOC Ngatiawa River Marginal Strip. Ngatiawa River RPS23c: listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous ecosystem RPS23d:

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District values (macroinvertebrates). RPS23e: Unknown K081 Waikanae River Waikanae Estuary 68.23 ha Estuarine wetland, river The best remaining example of estuarine wetland and river Overall: Yes Mouth - River Mouth mouth mouth habitats in Foxton ED and Kāpiti Coast District. Good Foxton (57.89ha), sequences, salt marsh, fresh water wetlands, dune lakes and RPS23a: Yes 1,768,900 E Not classified (10.33 dune systems (although degraded and modified). Linkages to RPS23ab: Yes 6,034,964 N ha) Kāpiti Island via Kāpiti Marine Reserve. Nationally rare habitat RPS23c: Yes types and sand vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. Habitat for RPS23d: Yes numerous fauna (85 species recorded) including Threatened- RPS23e: Long Nationally Critical-Grey duck, New Zealand shore plover, black- history of settlement billed gull, black stilt; Threatened-Nationally Endangered-black- on river banks and fronted tern, reef heron, bittern; Threatened-Nationally near river mouth Vulnerable-banded dotterel, lesser knot, wrybill, Caspian tern, red-billed gull, northern new Zealand dotterel, pied shag, new Zealand dabchick, bush falcon; At Risk-Declining-white-fronted tern, eastern bar-tailed godwit, pied stilt, new Zealand pied oystercatcher, new Zealand pipit, north island fernbird; At Risk- Naturally uncommon-royal spoonbill, little black shag, black shag; At Risk-recovering-variable oystercatcher, and brown teal. Lady's tresses orchid recorded but may no longer occur (Spiranthes novae-zelandiae, Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), At Risk-Declining plant species Carex litorosa, Pimelea aff. arenaria, Coprosma acerosa, regional decline - Leptinella dioica ssp. monoica, regionally sparse species kapungawha (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), Spinifex sericeus, and Baumea articulata. Protected in part as Scientific reserve. Listed in GW RPS - significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning), At Risk-Declining Torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri), bluegill bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi), īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), Lamprey (Geotria australis, Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable). Foxton ED RAP-5 included. K082 Lion Downs Bush 123 Otaihanga, 1.68 ha Kahikatea-pukatea swamp Part of a series of fragments that jointly illustrate the diversity of Overall: Yes Road, Otaihanga, forest habitat formally common in the area. Wetlands are a nationally Paraparaumu Foxton (1.68ha) rare habitat type and swamp forest is rare in Foxton ED. Small, RPS23a: Yes with fragmented canopy and exotic species common in the RPS23ab: Yes 1,771,190 E ground layer. Protected under QEII Covenant. kererū and RPS23c: No 6,034,245 N common forest birds recorded. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K083 Turf Dune Forest King Arthur Drive, 1.11 ha Kohekohe-tītoki-māhoe Part of a series of fragments that jointly illustrate the diversity of Overall: Yes B Otaihanga, forest habitat formally common in the area. A representative example Paraparaumu Foxton (1.11ha) of forest types, dune and swamp forest formally common in the RPS23a: Yes (south of Waikanae area but now rare in Foxton ED. Vulnerable to effects of RPS23ab: Yes River) expansion of quarry and sub-division. Streblus banksii (At Risk- RPS23c: No Relict). Foxton ED RAP-6 Turf Farm Dune Forest. RPS23d: No 1,771,749 E RPS23e: Unknown 6,034,235 N

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District K084 Turf Dune Forest King Arthur Drive, .92 ha Kahikatea swamp forest, Very small area of nationally rare habitat type. Lacking Overall: Yes A Otaihanga, mānuka scrub understorey. Narrow area of mānuka scrub. Both habitat types Paraparaumu Foxton (0.92ha) are rare in the Foxton ED. Part of a series of fragments that RPS23a: Yes jointly indicate the diversity of habitat formally common in the RPS23ab: Yes 1,771,595 E area. Foxton ED RAP-6 Turf Farm Dune Forest RPS23c: No 6,033,866 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K085 Tini Bush State Highway 1, 6.29 ha Kohekohe-pukatea-tītoki These fragments represent the only example of kohekohe- Overall: Yes Otaihanga semi-swamp forest pukatea associations within Foxton ED- transition to Manawatu Foxton (6.29ha) Plains ED. Good example of the gradation between wetland RPS23a: Yes 1,771,399 E and dryland forest with small nīkau grove. Representative of the RPS23ab: Yes 6,033,174 N former forest diversity likely to have occurred within the District, RPS23c: Yes good plant species diversity. Part of a series of fragments RPS23d: Yes located between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Bush RPS23e: Unknown falcon (Nationally Vulnerable) and whitehead (regionally sparse) recorded nearby. Protected by DOC Covenant. Foxton ED RAP-4 Tini Bush K086 Muaūpoko Stream State Highway 1, 11.18 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest Moderately sized remnant of modified primary forest. Kohekohe Overall: Yes Bush Paraparaumu forest is uncommon in Tararua ED and indigenous forest North Foothills Foxton (8.36ha), uncommon in Foxton ED. Part of a series of fragments located RPS23a: Yes Tararua (2.83ha) between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Stream that RPS23ab: Yes 1,772,557 E flows through bush provides habitat for At Risk-Declining; redfin RPS23c: Yes 6,032,306 N bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), Longfin eel (Anguilla RPS23d: No dieffenbachia), and īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) habitat for RPS23e: Unknown kererū. K087 Muaūpoko Bush State Highway 1, 100.28 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest, One of the larger forest fragments, in the Tararua foothills, that Overall: Yes Paraparaumu tawa forest, kohekohe contains good representative examples of the forest types North Foothills Foxton (91.83ha), forest, kānuka forest, small present. Provides habitat for Mazus novaezeelandiae subsp. RPS23a: Yes Tararua (8.44ha) area of wetland and novaezeelandiae (At Risk-Declining, Townsend et al. 1998), RPS23ab: Yes 1,771,665 E swamp forest Streblus banksii (At Risk-Declining), Bulbophyllum tuberculatum RPS23c: Yes 6,031,579 N (At Risk-Naturally uncommon), Mida salicifolia (regionally RPS23d: Yes sparse), northern rātā and black shag (Phalacrocorax carbo RPS23e: Unknown novaehollandiae, Naturally Uncommon)) and kererū. Protected in part by Scenic Reserve (Paraparaumu SR), Conservation Act Covenant, and Forest and Bird Reserve. (Forest and Bird Field Reserve 3.78ha and balance DOC Muaūpoko Bush). K088 Otaihanga Road Otaihanga Road, 1.32 ha Kohekohe-nīkau forest Kohekohe-nīkau forest is uncommon in Foxton ED. Contains Overall: Yes Bush Paraparaumu maire tawahe, Falco novaeseelandiae (Threatened-Nationally Foxton (1.32ha) Vulnerable) observed nearby. Part protected under QEII RPS23a: Yes 1,770,973 E Covenant. RPS23ab: Yes 6,032,573 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K089 Muaupoto Swamp Otaihanga Road, 7.49 ha Kohekohe forest, māhoe Contains an ecological sequence between wetland, swamp Overall: Yes Forest Paraparaumu forest, pukatea-maire forest and dry forest. Kohekohe forest, māhoe forest, and Foxton (7.49ha) tawake swamp forest, swamp forest are uncommon in Foxton ED. Wetlands are RPS23a: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 1,770,737 E wetland nationally rare habitat. Provides habitat for brown mudfish RPS23ab: Yes 6,032,355 N (Neochanna apoda, At Risk-Declining) and kererū. This site RPS23c: Yes contains a relatively large area of māhoe forest. Partly RPS23d: Yes protected by Scenic Reserve (Paraparaumu SR). RPS23e: Unknown K091 Nīkau forest SH1, Nth 13.64 ha Kohekohe-nīkau forest Relatively large, representative area of semi-coastal forest with Overall: Yes Paraparaumu considerable area of nīkau grove. This habitat type was formally Foxton (13.64ha) characteristic of this area and is now uncommon within Foxton RPS23a: Yes 1,770,310 E ED. Habitat for Streblus banksii (At Risk-Relict) and common RPS23ab: Yes 6,031,320 N forest birds including kererū. Protected as Council Reserve. RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown E092 Kāpiti Road Kāpiti Road, .42 ha Dune lake? Wetland or dune lake? Tower Lake No. 1 is now part of Overall: Yes Wetland Paraparaumu stormwater retention system, with water level maintained by a Foxton (0.42ha) pump, and connected to Tower Lake No. 2 and 3 (on the other RPS23a: Yes 1,767,879 E side of Langdale Rd) via underground culverts. Used by ducks RPS23ab: Yes 6,032,002 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K093 Andrews Pond Kāpiti Road / Milne 1.27 ha Mānuka scrub wetland A small wetland amongst residential and commercial land-use. Overall: Yes Drive, Low nutrient system, sphagnum rare in ED, nationally rare Paraparaumu Foxton (1.27ha) habitat type. Provides habitat for kapungawha (Schoenoplectus RPS23a: Yes tabernaemontani, regionally sparse). Foxton RAP-3 Andrew's RPS23ab: Yes 1,768,217 E Pond, DOC Scientific Reserve RPS23c: Yes 6,031,197 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K094 Norwood Bush C Valley Road, 1.95 ha Kohekohe forest Small fragment that has been subject to grazing. Edge effects Overall: Yes Paraparaumu and browse reducing viability of fragment. Part of a series of Foxton (1.95ha) fragments that provide links between Kāpiti Island and the RPS23a: Yes 1,768,568 E Tararua Ranges. RPS23ab: Yes 6,028,106 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K095 Paraparaumu State Highway 1, 52.79 ha Kānuka-māhoe-gorse The larger block at north end is kānuka-māhoe dominated Overall: Yes Coastal Scarp Paraparaumu / scrub, kohekohe-tītoki regenerating scrub with regenerating kohekohe forest. Southern Raumati Foxton (51.39ha), forest parts kohekohe dominated coastal forest on very steep hill RPS23a: Yes Tararua (1.39ha) country. Kohekohe forest mostly occurs on near-coastal south- RPS23ab: Yes 1,768,938 E facing slopes, and therefore uncommon in Tararua ED. Habitat RPS23c: Yes 6,029,005 N for Streblus banksii (At Risk-Relict) and common forest birds RPS23d: Yes including kererū. Part of a series of fragments that provide links RPS23e: Unknown between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Part protected by KCDC Reserve. K096 Norwood Bush B Valley Road, 4.93 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest A moderately sized area of tawa-kohekohe forest with small Overall: Yes Paraparaumu area of swamp forest. Indigenous forest is uncommon on low Tararua (4.93ha) undulating land within Tararua ED. Provides an example of the RPS23a: Yes 1,768,834 E gradation between wetland and dryland forest. Habitat for long- RPS23ab: Yes 6,027,500 N fin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii, At Risk-Declining). Part of a RPS23c: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District series of fragments providing linkages between Kāpiti Island RPS23d: No and the Tararua Ranges. RPS23e: Unknown K097 Norwood Bush A Valley Road, 3.29 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest A small area of tawa-kohekohe forest on Acutely Threatened Overall: Yes Paraparaumu land environment in the Tararua foothills of the Tararua ED. Foxton (2.56ha), Part of a series of fragments providing linkages between Kāpiti RPS23a: Yes 1,767,897 E Tararua (0.73ha) Island and the Tararua Ranges. RPS23ab: Yes 6,026,957 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K098 Whareroa Bush Waterfall Road, 61.97 ha Kohekohe forest, kānuka Relatively large area of kohekohe forest and kānuka scrub Overall: Yes Paraparaumu scrub successional to kohekohe forest. Habitat for Mida salicifolia Tararua (61.97ha) (Enright & John 2002b) and northern rātā, Wellington green RPS23a: Yes 1,768,170 E gecko (Naultinus punctatus, At Risk-Declining), Copper skink RPS23ab: Yes 6,025,722 N (Oligosoma aeneum, Not Threatened), bellbird (regionally RPS23c: Yes uncommon) and common forest birds including kererū, and At RPS23d: Yes Risk-Declining; redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni). Part RPS23e: Unknown protected by QEII Covenant. Been fenced since 1998 and possum control since 2008. Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). K099 Whareroa Bush C East of Queen 39.22 ha Kohekohe-māhoe forest, A valuable area or early secondary forest with tawa forest Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park māhoe-mamaku forest, covering a relatively substantial area. Part protected by DOC Between Maunga- Tararua (39.22ha) tawa forest Covenant and Whareroa Recreation Reserve. Whareroa RPS23a: Yes kōtukutuku Road, Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous RPS23ab: No and State Highway ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of RPS23c: Yes 1 indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Unknown 1,768,488 E 6,024,293 N K100 Whareroa Bush D East of Queen 5.65 ha Māhoe forest A small area of early secondary māhoe forest with kohekohe Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park and occasional tawa. Part of a series of fragments that provide Tararua (5.65ha) links between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Whareroa RPS23a: Yes 1,768,449 E Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous RPS23ab: No 6,023,566 N ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of RPS23c: No indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K101 Whareroa Bush E East of Queen 1.36 ha Kohekohe forest Small areas of kohekohe forest. Kohekohe forest mostly occurs Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park on near-coastal south-facing slopes, and is therefore Tararua (1.36ha) uncommon in the Tararua ED. Protected under DOC RPS23a: Yes 1,768,248 E Covenant. Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having RPS23ab: No 6,022,699 N significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous RPS23c: No fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K102 Whareroa Bush G East of Queen 1.01 ha Kohekohe forest Small area of kohekohe forest. Kohekohe forest mostly occurs Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park on near-coastal south-facing slopes, and is therefore

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Tararua (1.01ha) uncommon in the Tararua ED. Protected under DOC RPS23a: Yes 1,767,545 E Covenant. Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having RPS23ab: No 6,023,137 N significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous RPS23c: No fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K103 Whareroa Bush F East of Queen 1.24 ha Tawa forest, raupō wetland Small area of tawa forest with small area of wetland and swamp Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park forest. Indigenous forest uncommon on low hills within Tararua Tararua (1.24ha) ED. One of a series of fragments that provide links between RPS23a: Yes 1,767,332 E Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Provides habitat for RPS23ab: Yes 6,023,426 N kererū. Protected under DOC Covenant. RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K104 Whareroa Bush B East of Queen 3.47 ha Kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest Small fragment of kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest. One of a series Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park of fragments that provide links between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua (3.47ha) Tararua Ranges. Protected under DOC Covenant. Whareroa RPS23a: Yes 1,767,202 E Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous RPS23ab: No 6,023,899 N ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of RPS23c: No indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K105 Whareroa Bush A East of Queen 3.22 ha Kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest Small fragment of kohekohe-tawa-tītoki forest. Indigenous Overall: Yes Elizabeth Park forest on low hills is uncommon within Tararua ED. One of a Tararua (3.22ha) series of fragments that provide links between Kāpiti Island and RPS23a: Yes 1,766,669 E the Tararua Ranges. Protected under DOC Covenant. RPS23ab: Yes 6,023,311 N Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant RPS23c: No indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 RPS23d: No species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23e: Unknown K106 Mackay’s Crossing Mackay’s Crossing 9.69 ha Raupō reedland wetland Moderately sized area of raupō reedland. Wetland habitat is Overall: Yes Swamp State Highway 1, nationally rare. Protected as a Wildlife Management Reserve. Paekākāriki Tararua (9.69ha) Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant RPS23a: Yes indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 RPS23ab: Yes 1,766,492 E species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). DOC MacKays RPS23c: No 6,023,977 N Crossing Wildlife Reserve. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K108 Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth 16.83 ha Kahikatea swamp forest, Kahikatea fragment very small, fragmented. kānuka scrub on Overall: Yes Park bush and Park State kānuka scrub, ephemeral dune. Some restoration plantings in kahikatea area. The Wetlands Highway 1, Tararua (13.9ha), wetland wetland is highly degraded but is being restored, new wetlands RPS23a: Yes Paekākāriki Wellington (2.93ha) created. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Historic records of RPS23ab: Yes Amphibromus fluitans (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable, RPS23c: Yes 1,766,075 E Townsend et al. 1998) but hasn’t been recorded from this site in RPS23d: Yes 6,024,201 N recent years. Bush falcon and New Zealand dabchick RPS23e: Unknown (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), Royal spoonbill (At Risk- Naturally Uncommon), pied stilt (At Risk-Declining) recorded from the site. Provides habitat for At Risk-Declining; redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), Longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia), and freshwater mussel (Echyridella menziesi). Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). K109 Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth 109.5 ha Sand dune Intact, undeveloped, complete dune system (from beach to the Overall: Yes Park dunes Park, State inland dunes). Large dune system from Paekākāriki to Raumati Highway 1, Foxton (104.26ha), South. The best representative dune system and habitat type in RPS23a: Yes Paekākāriki Wellington (0.05ha), Wellington region and one of the best, with very high ecosystem RPS23ab: Yes Not classified (5.19 diversity, in Foxton ED. Threatened by weed species. Good RPS23c: Yes 1,765,992 E ha) example of nationally rare habitat type, and dune vegetation. RPS23d: Yes 6,026,356 N Habitat for At Risk-Declining pīngao and Coprosma acerosa RPS23e: Yes (Milne & Sawyer 2002). Protected as Regional Park. Community planting and enhancing including Spinifex, pīngao and shore bindweed in the foredunes. The backdunes support muehlenbeckia, taupata, harakeke (flax) and bracken. Large variety of birds, Threatened-Nationally Critical: Black-billed gull; Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: red-billed gull, New Zealand dabchick; At Risk-Declining: New Zealand pied oystercatcher, white-fronted tern, New Zealand pipit; At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: royal spoonbill; At Risk-Recovering: variable oystercatcher, regionally sparse: bellbird. Whareroa Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning), At Risk-Declining giant kōkopu, redfin bully, longfin eel, torrentfish, freshwater mussel, kōaro. Foxton ED RAP-2. K110 Fisherman’s Table South end of Ames 5.29 ha Sand dune, māhoe forest Nationally rare habitat type. Although small, modified and with Overall: Yes Dune Street, Paekākāriki considerable threat from pest plant species, this area contains a Foxton (0.91ha), Not representative example of māhoe forest on sand dune. Only RPS23a: Yes 1,763,534 E classified (4.37 ha) location where māhoe-kohekohe forest noted in ED, within RPS23ab: Yes 6,021,677 N 100m of sea, would have formally been typical of the RPS23c: No Paekākāriki area. Foxton ED - RAP-1. There is a record for RPS23d: Yes Bush falcon (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable) and eastern RPS23e: Unknown bar-tailed godwit (At Risk-Declining), but unclear if just flying over. K111 Wainui Stream 366 SH1 15.15 ha Kohekohe forest Good example of kohekohe forest in gully. Some sheep grazing Overall: Yes Bush Paekākāriki North, and feral goats. Provides habitat for giant hypolepis fern south of Car Tararua (15.15ha) (Hypolepis dicksonioides, At Risk-Naturally Uncommon) , RPS23a: Yes Haulaways Mazus novaezeelandiae (likely subsp. novaezeelandiae, At RPS23ab: Yes Risk-Declining; Ogle, C.C. collected 15/3/80 (WELT 68843 and RPS23c: No 1,766,123 E CHR 460)), Mazus pumilio (Non-resident-Vagrant), kererū. RPS23d: Yes 6,022,298 N RPS23e: Unknown K112 Waimeha lagoon, North of Queens 5.33 ha Dune wetland Wetland habitat with moderate area of open water and raupō Overall: Yes Waikanae Road, Waikanae reedland-coprosma scrub associations. Provides habitat for Foxton (5.33ha) kapungawha (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, regionally RPS23a: Yes 1,770,110 E sparse). Wetland habitat is nationally rare and dune vegetation RPS23ab: Yes 6,035,690 N is rare in Foxton ED. Protected as Wildlife Refuge and habitat RPS23c: Yes for white heron, (Threatened-Nationally Critical), New Zealand RPS23d: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District dabchick (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), pied stilt (At RPS23e: Unknown Risk-Declining), royal spoonbill (At Risk-Naturally Uncommon), and brown teal (At Risk-Recovering). Waimeha Stream listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). K113 Motungarara Off lower eastern 1.47 ha Taupata shrubland, forest, Offshore Island with taupata shrubland. Second largest of four Overall: Yes Island side of the Kāpiti rocky shore, sandy shore? offshore islands in district. Habitat for seabirds and Oligosoma (Fishermans Island Not classified (1.47 polychroma (Not Threatened) RPS23a: Yes Island) ha) RPS23ab: No 1,760,127 E RPS23c: No 6,033,723 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Te Hiko is said to have resided here with his parents. The island was also the site of one of Te Rauparaha's pa and on some maps is noted as being Te Rauparaha's Island K114 Tahoramaurea Off lower eastern 1.15 ha Shrubland, rocky shore, Offshore Island. Vegetation type appears to be shrubland on Overall: Yes Island (Browns side of the Kāpiti sandy shore? aerial photos. Third largest offshore island in district. Habitat for Island) Island. Not classified (1.15 seabirds and Oligosoma polychroma (Not Threatened) RPS23a: Yes ha) RPS23ab: No 1,760,307 E RPS23c: No 6,033,466 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Yes K115 Tokomapuna Off lower eastern .98 ha Shrubland, forest, rocky Offshore Island. Vegetation type appears to be shrubland on Overall: Yes Island (Aeroplane side of the Kāpiti shore, sandy shore? aerial photos. Smallest offshore island in district. Habitat for Island) Island. Not classified (0.98 seabirds and Oligosoma polychroma (Not Threatened) RPS23a: Yes ha) RPS23ab: Yes 1,762,355 E RPS23c: No 6,034,427 N RPS23d: Yes RPS23e: Yes K116 Okupe lagoon North End of Kāpiti 8.05 ha Ephemeral wetland and Lagoon on Kāpiti Island. Wetland and lake on coastal gravel Overall: Yes Island lake on coastal gravels uncommon in district. The following Threatened or At Risk bird Cook Strait (8.05ha) species were recorded in or around the lagoon: Threatened- RPS23a: Yes 1,764,176 E Nationally Critical: takahē; Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: RPS23ab: Yes 6,040,402 N North Island kākā, red-billed gull, stitchbird; At Risk-Declining: RPS23c: Yes northern blue penguin; At Risk-Recovering: little spotted kiwi; At RPS23d: Yes Risk-Relict: red-crowned parakeet; Regionally sparse: bellbird, RPS23e: Site of North Island robin, whitehead; Undetermined: North Island Ngati Toa Rangatira weka/western weka hybrid. Five species of lizard were cultivations, as well recorded nearby, including brown skink (Oligosoma as the burial ground

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District zelandicum, At Risk-Declining), and may use some of the of those tribes shoreline habitat. Matagouri (Discaria toumatou, regionally repulsed by Ngati serious decline) also occurs nearby. Toa Rangatira in the early 1820s. This was also the site of great feasts K117 Kāpiti Island Kāpiti Island 1,910.60 ha Tawa forest, rātā/kāmahi Offshore Island, mostly bush-clad - 1916ha. Predominately Overall: Yes forest, kohekohe forest, administered and Managed by Department of Conservation as 1,761,110 E Cook Strait kānuka forest, mānuka a Nature Reserve. North End Privately owned portion. Diverse RPS23a: Yes 6,037,045 N (1848.13ha), Not scrub, coastal shrublands, flora including Threatened-Nationally Endangered: sneezeweed RPS23ab: Yes classified (62.44 ha) cliff tussocklands, and (Centipeda minima subsp. Minima), Cook's scurvy grass RPS23c: Yes small wetlands (Lepidium oleraceum); Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: RPS23d: Yes purple hebe (Hebe speciosa); At Risk-Declining: sand RPS23e: Kāpiti coprosma (Coprosma acerosa), shore spurge (Euphorbia Island has been glauca), coastal cress (Lepidium tenuicaule), white mistletoe occupied over (Tupeia antarctica), golden-hair lichen (Teloschistes flavicans); centuries by At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: bulb tree orchid (Bulbophyllum Rangitane, Ngati tuberculatum), scrambling fuchsia (Fuchsia procumbens), dwarf Kahungunu, Ngati mistletoe (Korthalsella salicornioides), Cook Strait bristle grass Apa, Te Ati Awa and (Rytidosperma petrosum). At Risk-Declining fish species: kōaro Ngati Toa Rangatira (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni). At least 29 indigenous bird species including Threatened-Nationally Critical: takahē, Fiordland crested penguin; Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: North Island kākā, red-billed gull, stitchbird, bush falcon, Caspian tern, pied shag; At Risk-Declining: northern blue penguin, New Zealand pipit, North Island rifleman, white-fronted tern; At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: black shag, little black shag, long-tailed cuckoo, royal spoonbill; At Risk-Recovering: little spotted kiwi, North Island kokako, North Island saddleback, variable oystercatcher; At Risk-Relict: red-crowned parakeet, fluttering shearwater; Non-resident Native-Migrant: arctic skua; Regionally sparse: bellbird, North Island robin, whitehead, pied tomtit; Undetermined: North Island weka/western weka hybrid, North Island brown kiwi × Fiordland tokoeka hybrid. Eight reptile species including four At Risk-Declining species: Southern North Island forest gecko, Wellington green gecko, ornate skink, brown skink. Matagouri (Discaria toumatou, regionally serious decline) also occurs nearby. All rivers on Kāpiti Island are listed in GW RPS as having significant indigenous ecosystem values (macroinvertebrate community health). K123 Tōtara Reserve Corner Hautere 3.07 ha Tōtara forest Tōtara forest - 3.08ha. Narrow corridor of trees. Limited Overall: Yes Cross Road/Ōtaki understorey with some in-fill planting. Provides linkages Gorge Road to Manawatu Plains between fragments. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is RPS23a: Yes 1200 m east Ōtaki. (3.07ha) nationally rare. Council Road Reserve. Lowland tōtara forest is RPS23ab: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District rare in the Wellington region. RPS23c: No 1,783,604 E RPS23d: No 6,042,079 N RPS23e: Unknown K124 Karu Reserve Karu Crescent, .62 ha Kohekohe-karaka forest Small area of kohekohe-karaka forest. Kohekohe forest is much Overall: Yes Waikanae reduced at a regional, KCDC and Foxton ED scale. Provides Foxton (0.62ha) habitat for common forest birds such as kererū. Most of the RPS23a: Yes 1,773,604 E area protected under Council Recreation Reserve. Some parts RPS23ab: Yes 6,034,134 N of reserve contain many non-local or non-indigenous species, RPS23c: No however this is part of river forest corridor and provides RPS23d: Yes linkages with other habitats and sites. RPS23e: Unknown, not Maori land. K125 Motuiti Reserve Between Ngaio 1.2 ha Kohekohe forest A small area of kohekohe-(tawa-tītoki) forest on gently Overall: Yes Bush Road and undulating river terrace. Kohekohe forest is uncommon within Kohekohe Road, Foxton (1.2ha) Foxton ED. The threat from pest plant species is increasing. At RPS23a: Yes Waikanae. Risk-Declining Wellington green gecko and ornate skink RPS23ab: Yes reported nearby. Protected as a Scenic Reserve. RPS23c: No 1,773,772 E RPS23d: No 6,034,667 N RPS23e: Unknown K131 Raumati South Bound by Leicester 11.06 ha Kānuka-gorse scrub, Kānuka dominated habitat on dune systems is rare in Foxton Overall: Yes Peatlands Avenue, Poplar mānuka scrub wetland ED. Small area of nationally rare habitat type (wetland). Avenue, and Mataī Foxton (11.06ha) Relatively large area of kānuka-gorse scrub although it is highly RPS23a: Yes Road, Raumati. fragmented and exotic species are common. Bush falcon RPS23ab: Yes (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable) reported. RPS23c: No 1,767,250 E RPS23d: No 6,028,134 N RPS23e: Unknown K133 Ngā Manu North Waikanae, 43.58 ha Wetland, swamp forest, One of largest and best examples of swamp forest within Overall: Yes Sanctuary East of Ngarara kohekohe forest, tawa Foxton ED. Good example of sequences between wetland, Road, Waikanae. Foxton (43.58ha) forest swamp forest and dune-ridge dry forest. Wetland habitat is RPS23a: Yes nationally rare; less than 8% indigenous cover remaining in RPS23ab: Yes 1,773,303 E Foxton ED. Provides habitat for At Risk-One of largest and best RPS23c: Yes 6,035,606 N examples of swamp forest within Foxton ED. Good example of RPS23d: Yes sequences between wetland, swamp forest and dune-ridge dry RPS23e: Unknown forest. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Provides habitat for Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable New Zealand grebe, and North Island kākā, At Risk-Declining brown mudfish, longfin eel, Wellington green gecko, At Risk- Recovering brown teal, regionally sparse bellbird, and many Not threatened fish, wetland and forest birds species incl. kererū. Contains maire tawahe (Syzygium maire), the dwarf orchid Korthalsella salicornioides (At Risk - Naturally Uncommon), and is likely to include the At Risk-declining coastal kānuka (Kunzea amathicola). Ngā Manu Nature Reserve protected under Private Trust, part of the remainder protected by QEII Covenant. incl. Foxton ED RAP-8 Ngarara Bush K134 Ōtaki Railway 269 - 271 Main .43 ha Raupō wetland Predominantly raupō dominated - Wetland habitat is nationally Overall: Yes Wetland Highway Ōtaki. rare. Provides habitat for kapungawha (Schoenoplectus

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Foxton (0.32ha), tabernaemontani, regionally sparse). Small wetland, grazed in RPS23a: Yes 1,782,445 E Manawatu Plains part with a considerable threat from pest plant species. RPS23ab: Yes 6,047,635 N (0.11ha) RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K135 Pukerua Bay Paekākāriki Hill 39.47 ha Kohekohe coastal forest, This site is an important representation of exposed coastal Overall: Yes Coastal Scarp Road on secondary scrub forest that contributes greatly to the character of the region. Escarpment behind Foxton (34.17ha), Nationally rare habitat type and also rare in the Wellington ED. RPS23a: Yes Paekākāriki. Wellington (2.71ha), At Risk-Declining sand coprosma (Coprosma acerosa) reported RPS23ab: Yes Not classified (2.59 from several sites. RPS23c: Yes 1,763,484 E ha) RPS23d: Yes 6,021,242 N RPS23e: Unknown K136 Waiohanga Road 27 Waiohanga 3.44 ha kāmahi forest, makomako Small area of secondary makomako forest and kāmahi forest Overall: Yes Bush Road, Ōtaki forest, scrub with areas of scrub. Continuous with Ōtaki River riparian Tararua (3.44ha) margin. Provides habitat for kererū. Partly protected under QEII RPS23a: Yes 1,786,639 E Covenant. RPS23ab: No 6,039,660 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K139 Rowans Bush 366 SH1 2.47 ha Kohekohe-tītoki forest Kohekohe forest on lowland hill country. Part of a series of Overall: Yes Paekākāriki North, fragments that provides links between Kāpiti Island and the south of Car Wellington (2.29ha), Tararua Ranges. Protected in part under QEII Covenant. RPS23a: Yes Haulaways Tararua (0.17ha) Kohekohe forest is rare in the Wellington ED. Mazus RPS23ab: Yes novaezeelandiae (not sure which species, so could be At Risk- RPS23c: No 1,765,732 E Declining or Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable or Critical) and RPS23d: Yes 6,022,724 N Mazus pumillo (Non Resident Native-Vagrant) reported. RPS23e: Unknown K140 Valley Road East of 165 Valley 2.02 ha Kohekohe forest Regenerating fenced off bush on hill east of Valley Road. A Overall: Yes Road, good quality representative example of indigenous forest at low Paraparaumu Tararua (2.02ha) altitude. Indigenous forest is reduced on lowland hills in RPS23a: Yes Tararua ED and kohekohe forest mostly occurs on near-coastal RPS23ab: No 1,769,734 E south-facing slopes, and is therefore uncommon in the Tararua RPS23c: No 6,027,941 N ED. Part of a series of fragments providing links between Kāpiti RPS23d: No Island and the Tararua Ranges. Provides habitat for kererū. RPS23e: Unknown K141 221 Valley Road, 221 Valley Road, .39 ha Riparian vegetation Riparian regenerating vegetation. Very small, narrow riparian Overall: TBC Paraparaumu Paraparaumu margin with some threat from pest plant species. Listed as a Tararua (0.39ha) Natural Area due to heritage trees associated with original farm RPS23a: No 1,769,070 E house. Was included (1995) in register at request of landowner. RPS23ab: No 6,027,567 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown, but does have European cultural values K145 Lady of Lourdes West of Ruahine 1.35 ha Kānuka-broadleaf scrub Small area of kānuka-broadleaf scrub with increasing broadleaf Overall: Yes Statue Hill Street, species dominance-succession to kohekohe forest. Kānuka Paraparaumu Foxton (1.35ha) scrub uncommon in Foxton ED. Provides habitat for kererū and RPS23a: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District common forest birds. One of several areas of kānuka scrub in RPS23ab: Yes 1,769,260 E the vicinity. RPS23c: No 6,030,105 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K150 Kaitawa Reserve Adjoins Riwai 7.25 ha Pukatea-maire tawake Very small fragments of rare habitat types including swamp Overall: Yes Street and Kaitawa swamp forest, māhoe forest-indicative of previous diversity of vegetation types. Fish Crescent, Foxton (7.25ha) forest, kohekohe-kānuka species Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: Shortjaw kōkopu RPS23a: Yes Paraparaumu forest (Galaxias postvectis); At Risk-Declining: kōaro (Galaxias RPS23ab: Yes brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), redfin bully RPS23c: Yes 1,768,943 E (Gobiomorphus huttoni). Habitat for kererū and common forest RPS23d: Yes 6,029,780 N bird. Active restoration plan by Forest and Bird. Protected in RPS23e: Unknown part as Council Scenic Reserve and part Recreational Reserve. K151 Forest Lakes 2 Forest Lakes 2.14 ha Kohekohe-māhoe forest Small area of kohekohe-māhoe forest with considerable weed Overall: Yes Road Bush (No. 2) Road, Ōtaki threat. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plain is nationally rare Manawatu Plains and kohekohe forest is rare in the Manawatu Plains ED. Black RPS23a: Yes 1,784,564 E (2.14ha) beech present (uncommon in the Manawatu Plains ED). RPS23ab: Yes 6,050,023 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K153 Simon Brown 334 State Highway 1.74 ha Kohekohe coastal forest Examples of coastal broadleaf forest and kānuka forest Overall: Yes Bush 1, Paraparaumu successional to kohekohe, both forest types are uncommon North Foxton (1.74ha) within Foxton ED. Contains kōwhai and At Risk-Declining fish RPS23a: Yes species: īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), longfin eel (Anguilla RPS23ab: Yes 1,771,790 E dieffenbachii), redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni). The RPS23c: No 6,032,754 N fragment is small and unfenced. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K154 Cobb’s Bush 283 Te Horo- 1.74 ha Kohekohe-tītoki forest Part of a series of fragments across the plains that provide links Overall: Yes Hautere Cross between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Indigenous Road, Te Horo Manawatu Plains vegetation on alluvial plains is nationally rare, kohekohe forest RPS23a: Yes (1.74ha) and indigenous forest within Manawatu Plains ED is also rare. RPS23ab: Yes 1,782,170 E Good representative example of uncommon habitat type with RPS23c: No 6,042,383 N good regeneration. Common forest birds including kererū RPS23d: No reported. RPS23e: Unknown K164 Pukehou Bush 424 North Highway 1.29 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest Small fragment of habitat rare within the District. Habitat for toro Overall: Yes 1, Ōtaki (Myrsine salicina) - the only site on the Manawatu Plain where Manawatu Plains this species has been recorded (Ravine 1995). Indigenous RPS23a: Yes 1,785,939 E (1.29ha) vegetation on alluvial plains is nationally rare, kohekohe forest RPS23ab: Yes 6,049,900 N and indigenous forest within Manawatu Plains ED is also rare. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K165 Ōtaki River Bush 379 Ōtaki Gorge 2.76 ha Tōtara forest Two small, mostly unfenced tōtara bush fragments with Overall: Yes C Road, Ōtaki considerable weed threat. Part of a series of fragments in the Manawatu Plains area that provide links between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua RPS23a: Yes 1,782,834 E (2.76ha) Ranges. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plains is nationally RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,022 N rare and indigenous forest within Manawatu Plains ED is also RPS23c: No rare. Common forest birds reported. RPS23d: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District RPS23e: Unknown K166 Waitohu Stream Greenwood 1.94 ha Kohekohe forest Open, fragmented kohekohe with tawa, pukatea and occasional Overall: Yes Bush B Boulevard, Ōtaki tītoki. Indigenous vegetation on alluvial plains is nationally rare, Manawatu Plains kohekohe forest and indigenous forest within Manawatu Plains RPS23a: Yes 1,783,630 E (1.94ha) ED is also rare. Waitohu Stream listed in GW RPS as having RPS23ab: Yes 6,047,809 N significant indigenous ecosystem values (threatened indigenous RPS23c: No fish, >6 species of indigenous fish, īnanga spawning). RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K168 Paraparaumu South of 4.06 ha Kānuka scrub Small area of kānuka scrub with regenerating early Overall: Yes Quarry Scrub Paraparaumu successional forest-an uncommon habitat type in Foxton ED. Quarry, North of Foxton (4.06ha) One of several kānuka scrub fragments in the area. Dwarf RPS23a: Yes Mamuku Street, mistletoe (Korthalsella salicornioides, At Risk - Naturally RPS23ab: Yes Paraparaumu Uncommon) and swamp buttercup (Ranunculus macropus, RPS23c: No Data Deficient) recorded nearby. RPS23d: No 1,769,752 E RPS23e: Unknown 6,030,035 N K170 El Rancho North of El Rancho 7.62 ha mānuka wetland Four blocks of mānuka ephemeral wetlands in dune hollows. Overall: Yes Mānuka Wetland Holiday Park, east Subdivision on dune ridges. The wetlands are separated by of Weggery Drive, Foxton (7.62ha) rank pasture with gorse and blackberry. Wetlands a nationally RPS23a: Yes Waikanae rare habitat type. Relatively large area of mānuka dominated RPS23ab: Yes wetland with some open water. RPS23c: Yes 1,770,738 E RPS23d: Yes 6,034,999 N RPS23e: Unknown, not Maori land. K171 Native Orchid East of 25-29 Teoti .06 ha Ephemeral sedge-herb- Native orchid habitat: Very small area (600m²) of greatly Overall: Yes Habitat - Street, grassland wetland modified ephemeral wetland that provides habitat for lady's Paraparaumu Paraparaumu, Foxton (0.06ha) tresses (Spiranthes novae-zelandiae, Threatened-Nationally RPS23a: Yes Airport Airport Land. Vulnerable) native orchid. This is the one of two known natural RPS23ab: Yes population of this species within Wellington region. Being RPS23c: No 1,766,933 E managed by Kāpiti Coast Airport Ltd. RPS23d: No 6,031,956 N RPS23e: Unknown K175 Waimanu Lagoons Bound by Barrett 8.02 ha Dune lake Adjoins K081 Waikanae Estuary. Highly modified, with artificial Overall: Yes Drive and Tutere assemblage of plant species and some inappropriate Street, Waikanae Foxton (6.31ha), Not enhancement plantings. However, this site has linkages to RPS23a: Yes Beach classified (1.71 ha) Waikanae River Mouth and provides continuation of open water RPS23ab: Yes habitat and habitat for at least 26 indigenous bird species RPS23c: No 1,769,421 E including Threatened-Nationally Critical: white heron, New RPS23d: Yes 6,035,130 N Zealand shore plover; Threatened-Nationally Endangered: RPS23e: Long black-fronted tern; Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: Caspian history of settlement tern, banded dotterel, New Zealand dabchick, North Island on river banks and kākā, pied shag, lesser knot, Red-billed gull, Wrybill; At Risk- near river mouth Declining: New Zealand pipit, eastern bar-tailed godwit, North Island fernbird, pied stilt, New Zealand pied oystercatcher, white-fronted tern; At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: Black shag, little black shag, royal spoonbill; At Risk-Recovering: brown teal, North Island kokako, variable oystercatcher; Non-resident

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Native-Coloniser: Australian coot; Non-resident Native-Migrant: little tern, Arctic skua, red-necked stint, turnstone; Non-resident Native-Vagrant: curlew sandpiper, little egret, Terek sandpiper. Wetland habitat is nationally rare and dune vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. High use by water bird species. K176 Ōtaki Rangiuru Road, 25.39 ha Wetland, dune system Highly modified sand dune dominated by pine and macrocarpa Overall: Yes Conservation Area Ōtaki Beach canopy. Dunes are a nationally rare habitat type and dune Foxton (25.27ha), vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. Both dune and wetland habitats RPS23a: Yes 1,778,367 E Not classified (0.11 are modified and invasive exotic species common. Mostly RPS23ab: Yes 6,048,819 N ha) protected under DOC Stewardship. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K178 Kiripiti Scientific Old Hautere Road, 1.98 ha Tōtara-mataī-tītoki forest Part of a series of fragments across the plains that provide links Overall: Yes Reserve Te Horo between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua Ranges. Indigenous Manawatu Plains vegetation on alluvial plains is nationally rare. Indigenous forest RPS23a: Yes 1,780,454 E (1.33ha), Foxton is rare in Manawatu Plains ED and Foxton ED and lowland RPS23ab: Yes 6,043,961 N (0.65ha) tōtara forest is rare in Wellington region. Site is one of the best RPS23c: No examples of this habitat type within Manawatu Plains. Contains RPS23d: No akeake, dwarf mistletoe (Korthalsella lindsayi, Not Threatened), RPS23e: Unknown common forest birds reported. Protected as Scientific Reserve. K184 Poplar Avenue South of Poplar 3.12 ha Mānuka scrub and Wetland dominated by mānuka scrub, Isolepis prolifer and Overall: Yes Wetland Avenue, Opposite rushland wetland rushland. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. A range of intersection of Foxton (3.12ha) common wetland and pasture birds reported and also Royal RPS23a: Yes Mataī Road, spoonbill (At Risk-Naturally Uncommon). RPS23ab: Yes Raumati South RPS23c: No RPS23d: No 1,766,862 E RPS23e: Unknown 6,027,796 N K183 Ngatoto Trig Bush Council Recreation .56 ha Mānuka scrub wetland A very small area of mānuka dominated transitional wetland in Overall: Yes Reserve Between sand dune hollow surrounded by subdivisions and expanding Crown Hill and Foxton (0.56ha) retirement village. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Very small RPS23a: Yes Kāpiti Retirement area of unprotected wetland dominated by mānuka scrub. RPS23ab: Yes Village, Located with Council Recreation Reserve. RPS23c: No Paraparaumu RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown 1,769,133 E 6,032,170 N K185 South Waikawa South of Waikawa .81 ha Dune lake and reedland. Small lake, unfenced with full stock access. Wetland habitat is Overall: Yes Beach Dune Lake Beach, adjoining Wildlife Refuge. nationally rare and dune vegetation is rare in Foxton ED. northern boundary Foxton (0.81ha) Provides habitat for kapungawha (Schoenoplectus RPS23a: Yes of the District. tabernaemontani, regionally sparse) and, and is a wildlife RPS23ab: Yes refuge. RPS23c: No 1,780,681 E RPS23d: No 6,053,707 N RPS23e: Unknown K186 Wairongomai East of 5.78 ha Mānuka scrub wetland Short stature mānuka over dense Baumea and Isolepis. Some Overall: Yes Mānuka Wetland Wairongomai stock access. Wetland habitat is nationally rare. Provides

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Road, Ōtaki Foxton (5.77ha) habitat for migrating bitten. Rare wetland type in region. RPS23a: Yes RPS23ab: Yes 1,782,167 E RPS23c: No 6,051,463 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K187 Waikanae River Between Waikanae 1.14 ha Kohekohe-karaka-tawa- Site is very small and vulnerable to wind/edge effects but has Overall: Yes flats forest River, railway/SH1 tītoki forest compact shape and good regeneration. Common forest birds and King Arthur Foxton (1.14ha) reported including kererū. Rare habitat type within the ED; RPS23a: Yes Drive acutely threatened land environment. RPS23ab: Yes RPS23c: No 1,772,187 E RPS23d: No 6,033,703 N RPS23e: Unknown K188 Greenhill Road, Foxton ED 1.13 ha Mānuka-kānuka scrub Regenerating early successional vegetation with low diversity Overall: Yes Waikanae due to grazing but acutely threatened land environment. Partly 1,774,395 E Foxton (1.13ha) fenced recently; needs complete fencing to allow regeneration. RPS23a: Yes 6,036,987 N Small area but has potential for restoration if fenced and pest RPS23ab: Yes plants and pest animal controlled. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K189 Ngarara Road, Between Ngarara 4.27 ha Kānuka treeland, wetland Regenerating early successional forest type induced to treeland Overall: Yes Waikanae Road and Park due to clearance and grazing, wetland is dominated by exotics; Avenue, Waikanae Foxton (4.27ha) 1 kahikatea and 1 rimu in canopy; At Risk-Naturally Uncommon RPS23a: Yes dwarf mistletoe (Korthalsella salicornioides) and common skink RPS23ab: Yes 1,772,533 E (Not Threatened) reported; acutely threatened land RPS23c: No 6,035,444 N environment. Potential for restoration given moderate size but RPS23d: No would require major effort removal of grazing, gaps in canopy RPS23e: Unknown planted, animal and plant pests controlled. Foxton ED RAP(2)-1 K191 Greendale Drive, Between King .56 ha Tawa-pukatea- kohekohe Grey willow/karamū-cabbage tree plantings. Dune swamp and Overall: Yes Paraparaumu Arthur Drive and forest, constructed pond forest are habitat types within Foxton ED. Occasional habitat for Greendale Drive, Foxton (0.56ha) kererū. In very close proximity to Tini Bush. Tiny natural area RPS23a: Yes Paraparaumu but compact shape with good regeneration. RPS23ab: Yes RPS23c: No 1,771,114 E RPS23d: No 6,033,178 N RPS23e: Unknown K193 Puruaha Road, Half way between .22 ha Cabbage tree/ harakeke- Very small wetland within a triangular intersection of drains (not Overall: Yes Ōtaki Hapua Road and toetoe wetland accessible to stock). Wetlands are uncommon in Foxton ED Te Horo Beach Foxton (0.22ha) and this site has a compact shape and is in good condition. RPS23a: Yes RPS23ab: Yes 1,775,566 E RPS23c: No 6,042,159 N RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K194 Te Hapua Road, Near 170 Te 1.17 ha Raupō wetland Wetlands are nationally rare habitat type. Small, partly drained Overall: Yes Waikanae Hapua Road and currently grazed. Removal of grazing necessary for area to Foxton (1.17ha) regenerate. Compact shape. RPS23a: Yes 1,775,549 E RPS23ab: Yes 6,040,941 N RPS23c: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K195 Huia Street, Huia Street, near 2.01 ha Kohekohe-tawa forest Indigenous forest is an uncommon habitat type within the Overall: Yes Waikanae Waikanae Reserve Foxton ED. Occasional habitat for kererū. Part of a series of Foxton (2.01ha) small areas of forest that may provide ecological links and RPS23a: Yes 1,776,157 E stepping stone habitat between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua RPS23ab: Yes 6,037,233 N Ranges. Fenced. Plant and animal pests controlled. Of RPS23c: Yes sufficient size with good understorey and regeneration to be RPS23d: No sustainable. RPS23e: Unknown K196 Octavius Road, SH1, 500m south 1.04 ha Wetland, pukatea-swamp, Wetland and swamp forest are nationally rare habitat types and Overall: Yes Waikanae of Hadfield Road maire swamp forest uncommon in the Foxton ED. Most of site is protected by QE II Foxton (1.04ha) covenant. New planting on margins will create a protective RPS23a: Yes 1,775,876 E buffer. RPS23ab: Yes 6,038,081 N RPS23c: Yes RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K197 Paetawa Road, Paetawa Road, .31 ha Kānuka scrub and Tiny area of regenerating vegetation type in acutely threatened Overall: Yes Peka Peka Peka Peka shrubland, Kānuka-garden land environment but heavily modified and fragmented. No Foxton (0.31ha) other kānuka stand in the coastal sand dune strip within Kāpiti RPS23a: No 1,773,285 E Coast District, could include At Risk-Declining coastal kānuka RPS23ab: Yes 6,039,192 N (Kunzea amathicola). Less than 8% indigenous cover remains RPS23c: No in Foxton ED. Restoration could be difficult due to considerable RPS23d: No gardening in parts; very open canopy such that indigenous RPS23e: Unknown, habitat is highly fragmented. The small southern part was not Maori land. considered sustainable and thus included, but this site has been further reduced and compromised by subdivision and building new houses. KCDC is working with landowners to sustainably manage the site, thus is may be sustainable longer term. K198 Best Road, Near Blackburne 3.63 ha Tawa-kohekohe forest, Less than 15% of the original extent of tawa-kohekohe forest Overall: Yes Te Horo Road, southeast of Kohekohe-māpou-karamū- remains in Wellington region. Also includes kohekohe-māpou- Te Horo Manawatu Plains pigeonwood forest karamū-pigeonwood forest. Occasional habitat for kererū and RPS23a: Yes (3.62ha) falcon (Nationally Vulnerable). Part of a series of natural areas RPS23ab: Yes 1,780,220 E that provide links between Kāpiti Island and the Tararua RPS23c: No 6,040,528 N Ranges. Pines planted on edge reduce wind effect. Sustainable RPS23d: No with plant and animal pest control. RPS23e: Unknown, not Maori land. K199 Hautere Cross Near Blackburne 2.74 ha Tawa-kohekohe-māhoe Tawa-kohekohe forest on flat to moderately steep lowland hills Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo Road, southeast of forest and kohekohe- in the Manawatu Plains ED on northwest hill face. Only 4% Te Horo Manawatu Plains māpou-karamū- indigenous cover remaining in Manawatu Plains ED; about 15% RPS23a: Yes (2.74ha) pigeonwood forest. of these forest types in GWRC. Removal of the surrounding RPS23ab: Yes 1,780,507 E pine forest has removed buffering vegetation and opened forest RPS23c: No 6,041,051 N edge. Potentially impacted by grazing. No rare fauna of flora RPS23d: No known from the site. RPS23e: Unknown, not Maori land. K200 Hautere Cross Near Blackburne 4.72 ha Tawa-kohekohe-māhoe Forest on moderately steep to steep lowland hills and stream Overall: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District Road, Te Horo Road, southeast of forest. gullies running N and NE. Relatively convoluted shape but core Te Horo Manawatu Plains forest is at least 50 years old and tawa-kohekohe forest type is RPS23a: Yes (4.71ha) much reduced in GWRC area. Stock browse may be impacting RPS23ab: No 1,780,580 E long term sustainability. No rare flora or fauna known but may RPS23c: No 6,040,062 N contain habitat for At Risk-Declining: Redfin bully RPS23d: No (Gobiomorphus huttoni), kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin RPS23e: Unknown eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia). K202 Hautere Cross East of Best Road, 5.24 ha Tawa-kāmahi-tītoki- Forest on moderately steep to steep lowland hills and stream Overall: Yes Road, Te Horo south of Te Horo rewarewa-(podocarp) gully running NW. Convoluted shape but core forest is at least Tararua (0.57ha), forest and tawa-kohekohe- 50 years old and tawa-kohekohe forest type is much reduced in RPS23a: Yes 1,779,972 E Manawatu Plains māhoe forest. GWRC area. Contains several nationally Threatened or At Risk RPS23ab: Yes 6,039,663 N (4.67ha) plant species, and likely to include wetland (less than 10% RPS23c: No nationally). Threatened plant species recorded from this site RPS23d: No include Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: New Zealand iris RPS23e: Unknown, (Libertia peregrinans); At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: Crassula not Maori land. hunua/Crassula ruamahanga, Dwarf mistletoe (Korthalsella salicornioides); At Risk-Declining: Swamp nettle (Urtica linearifolia); At Risk-Relict: towai, large-leaved milk tree (Streblus banksii). May be habitat for Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: Shortjaw kōkopu (Galaxias postvectis); At Risk- Declining: Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia). Stock browse may be impacting long term sustainability. K203 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, 4.88 ha tītoki-kohekohe-tawa- Forest on moderately steep to steep lowland hills and stream Overall: Yes Hautere Cross south of Te Horo rewarewa-tree fern forest, gully running NW. Several vegetation types including transition Road, Te Horo Manawatu Plains and tawa-kāmahi-tītoki- between low altitude kohekohe-tawa forest to hill tawa forest. RPS23a: Yes 1,779,500 E (4.88ha) rewarewa-(podocarp) Compact shape and almost adjoining K204 and not far from RPS23ab: No 6,039,670 N forest. K202. Steep and extremely difficult to fence. Grazed by deer RPS23c: Yes and stock. No rare flora or fauna known but may contain habitat RPS23d: Yes for At Risk-Declining: Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), RPS23e: Unknown, kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla not Maori land. dieffenbachia). K204 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, 6.13 ha tītoki-kohekohe-tawa- Forest on moderately steep to steep lowland hills 220-380m asl; Overall: Yes Hautere Cross south of Te Horo rewarewa-tree fern forest, terrestrial ecosystem and stream gully. Spurs running down to Road, Te Horo Manawatu Plains and tawa-kāmahi-tītoki- the west. Several vegetation types including transition between RPS23a: Yes 1,779,385 E (6.13ha) rewarewa-(podocarp) low altitude kohekohe-tawa forest to hill tawa forest. Compact RPS23ab: No 6,039,501 N forest. shape and almost adjoining K203 and K205. Steep and RPS23c: Yes extremely difficult to fence. Grazed by deer and stock. No rare RPS23d: Yes flora or fauna known but may contain habitat for May be habitat RPS23e: Unknown, for At Risk-Declining: Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), not Maori land. kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia). K205 Blackburne Road/ East of Best Road, 29.78 ha Tawa-kāmahi-tītoki- Forest on moderately steep to steep lowland hills - 160-460m Overall: Yes Hautere Cross south of Te Horo rewarewa-(podocarp) asl; terrestrial ecosystem and stream gully. Sheltered gullies Road, Te Horo Manawatu Plains forest, kohekohe-treefern kohekohe-tree fern forest c6-8m tall. Rims of the valley tawa- RPS23a: Yes 1,779,378 E (7.54ha), Tararua forest, tawa-kāmahi- rewarewa-(miro) forest and tawa-kāmahi-(miro) forest. Spurs RPS23ab: No

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 6,039,104 N (22.24ha) pigeonwood-rewarewa- generally comprise pasture grassland and farm tracks RPS23c: Yes (podocarp) forest, and (excluded from site). Unusual pattern that may be explained by RPS23d: Yes tītoki-kohekohe-tawa- historical logging drag line down through the valley floor-so RPS23e: Unknown, rewarewa-tree fern forest. valley floor vegetation more recent than rim. Transition between not Maori land. kohekohe dominant forest and tawa-kāmahi-podocarp forest to cloud forest. May be habitat for Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: Shortjaw kōkopu (Galaxias postvectis); At Risk- Declining: Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni), kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis), longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachia). May be occasional habitat for Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae "bush"). K206 Ōtaki Gorge Road, South of Otaki 4.74 ha Probably tawa-kohekohe Probably tawa-kohekohe forest that provides occasional habitat Overall: Yes Ōtaki Gorge Road forest for kererū. Part of a series of natural areas that provide that Tararua (4.74ha) may provide stepping stone habitat. Occurs within a threatened RPS23a: Yes 1,783,708 E land environment. Small but compact shape appears to have RPS23ab: Yes 6,040,231 N intact canopy from aerial photograph. RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K207 Ōtaki Gorge Road, South of Otaki 7.82 ha Probably tawa-kohekohe Probably tawa-kohekohe forest that provides occasional habitat Overall: Yes Ōtaki Gorge Road forest for kererū. Part of a series of natural areas that may provide Tararua (7.82ha) stepping stone habitats. Occurs within a threatened land RPS23a: Yes 1,784,051 E environment. Small but compact shape appears to have intact RPS23ab: Yes 6,039,950 N canopy from aerial photograph. Could be extended to include RPS23c: No additional riparian forest areas. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K209 Atkins Road, Ōtaki Atkins Road, Ōtaki .88 ha Tawa-karaka-kohekohe Tawa-kohekohe forest is a rare habitat type within the Overall: Yes forest Manawatu Plains ED; acutely threatened land environment. 1,785,565 E Manawatu Plains Occasional habitat for kererū. KCDC reserve. Requires removal RPS23a: Yes 6,050,323 N (0.88ha) of large patch of tradescantia, large radiata pine, animal pests. RPS23ab: Yes Good regeneration of some species, very small area, may RPS23c: No change in character. RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K210 Tasman Road,/Te Between Tasman 2.09 ha Juncus spp. wetland Wetlands are a national priority for protection however this Overall: Yes Rauparaha Street, Road and Te small wetland is dominated by exotic plant species. Water Ōtaki Rauparaha Street, Foxton (2.09ha) catchment protection, educational potential. The site has been RPS23a: Yes Ōtaki fenced, is undergoing restoration works and will return to a RPS23ab: Yes more natural state. RPS23c: No 1,780,269 E RPS23d: No 6,048,741 N RPS23e: Unknown K211 State Highway 1 Between SH1 and 2.62 ha Isolepis prolifer sedgeland, Wetlands are a national priority for protection, and swamp Overall: Yes South, Ōtaki Mill Road, Ōtaki pukatea-swamp maire forest is rare in Foxton ED. This site, while modified, is Foxton (2.62ha) forest dominated by indigenous species. Water catchment protection. RPS23a: Yes 1,782,150 E Removal of willows should be carried out following which the RPS23ab: Yes 6,047,828 N site is likely to regenerate naturally. (NB: Grey willow control will RPS23c: No need to be on-going until indigenous species are well RPS23d: No established.) Good size and compact shape. RPS23e: Unknown

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District K212 County Road Parallel to Rahui 2.16 ha Tawa-tītoki-kohekohe Contains several rare habitat types (lowland tōtara-broadleaved Overall: Yes escarpment forest Road south of forest, Pukatea-kohekohe forest, pukatea swamp forest, tawa-kohekohe forest) within County Road, Manawatu Plains forest and Tōtara forest Manawatu Plains ED; acutely threatened land environment. RPS23a: Yes Ōtaki (2.16ha) Occasional habitat for kererū and other common forest birds. RPS23ab: Yes Adjoins K018. Although long and narrow, the site is a steep RPS23c: Yes 1,782,617 E terrace riser with good regeneration. Understorey condition is RPS23d: No 6,047,306 N variable from open with kohekohe seedlings to dense māhoe RPS23e: Unknown, and kawakawa. Weed issues and urban encroachment could not Maori land. affect long term viability. K214 Taylors Road, /Old Between 1.34 ha Carex virgata-Juncus Wetlands are a national priority for protection. This site is Overall: TBC, Coach Road, Waiorongomai spp./pasture, Excavated heavily modified, dominated by exotic species and currently dominated by Ōtaki Road and Taylors Foxton (1.34ha) pond grazed but has potential for restoration particularly in the exotic spp? Road, Ōtaki northern part. RPS23a: TBC 1,781,656 E RPS23ab: TBC 6,051,334 N RPS23c: No RPS23d: No RPS23e: Unknown K215 Waiorongomai Between 2.28 ha Mānuka-swamp coprosma Wetlands with several different wetland types including short Overall: Yes Road, / Taylors Waiorongomai wetland, Isolepis prolifer- stature mānuka over dense Baumea and Isolepis, mānuka- Road, Ōtaki Road and Taylors Foxton (2.28ha) Baumea swamp coprosma wetland, Isolepis prolifer-Baumea RPS23a: Yes Road, Ōtaki rubiginosa/sphagnum rubiginosa/sphagnum sedgeland, Juncus spp.-Carex virgata- RPS23ab: Yes sedgeland, Juncus spp.- gorse/pasture rushland and an excavated pond. Moderate-high RPS23c: Yes 1,782,161 E Carex virgata- species diversity. Largely in natural state and of sufficient size, RPS23d: No 6,051,455 N gorse/pasture rushland, although has young pine plantation around margin and through RPS23e: Unknown excavated pond, dune centre which may impact on water table. Wetlands are a slack national priority for protection and nationally rare, also rare wetland type for Foxton ED and Wellington region. Provides habitat for migrating bitten. Part protected by QEII covenant. Some grazing occurs. K218 Forest Lakes Forest Lakes 1.38 ha Tawa-karaka-tītoki forest, Small area of rare habitat type within the ED; acutely Overall: Yes Road, Ōtaki Road, Ōtaki Tawa-kahikatea-mamaku threatened land environment, but some of the site dominated by Foxton (1.38ha) forest, Tawa-exotic tree exotic plant species. Common forest birds reported, including RPS23a: Yes 1,783,376 E species forest kererū. Recreation and education value-used by visitors to RPS23ab: Yes 6,050,780 N camp. Part of site has compact shape, is in good condition with RPS23c: No good regeneration so this part is recommended as ecological RPS23d: No site. Potential mahinga kai (orchard). RPS23e: Potential mahinga kai (orchard) K219 State Highway 1 Between Forest 2.22 ha Raupō reedland Raupō reedland, wetland is a nationally rare habitat type; Overall: Yes South, Ōtaki Lakes Road and acutely threatened land environment. Partly drained and large Lawlors Road, Manawatu Plains infestation of Glyceria maxima but potential for restoration. RPS23a: Yes Otaki (1.66ha), Foxton Adjoins K013 (see 1999 District Plan). Moderate size and RPS23ab: Yes (0.55ha) adjoins larger site. RPS23c: No 1,783,804 E RPS23d: Yes 6,049,881 N RPS23e: Unknown

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District K220 Taylors Road, Between 2.35 ha Cabbage tree/ swamp Wetland is a nationally rare habitat type; acutely threatened Overall: Yes Ōtaki Waiorongomai coprosma/sedges wetland, land environment. Adjoins K012 (see 1999 District Plan) but Road and Taylors Foxton (2.35ha) Cabbage tree/old man’s comprises a different vegetation type than is present in K012. RPS23a: Yes Road, Ōtaki beard vineland, Cabbage Large areas of vines that are impacting significantly on RPS23ab: Yes tree/ pōhuehue vineland vegetation will need to be controlled for the site to be RPS23c: Yes 1,781,991 E sustainable (high priority). RPS23d: No 6,050,665 N RPS23e: Unknown K221 Paekākāriki East of SH1, 18.82 ha Tauhinu-(Coprosma Similar to escarpment further south ‑ K135 (see 1999 District Overall: Yes escarpment, State Paekākāriki propinqua)/pasture Plan). Highly visible from township of Paekākāriki. Soil and Highway 1, Wellington (18.82ha) shrubland, Karaka-tītoki- water conservation values. Role in landscape protection. High RPS23a: Yes Paekākāriki 1,764,437 E māhoe treeland, pōhuehue potential for restoration due to high visibility from township. RPS23ab: Yes 6,022,407 N scrub, Cabbage Kohekohe forest is rare in Wellington ED. Pied shag RPS23c: No tree/tauhinu treeland, (Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable), little black shag (At Risk- RPS23d: Yes Kohekohe-tītoki-karaka Naturally Uncommon) recorded, and common gecko (Not RPS23e: Unknown forest, mānuka/tauhinu Threatened). shrubland K231 Te Horo Beach Rodney Avenue 13.35 ha Gravel beach and dune Stony beach ridges with indigenous vegetation are nationally Overall: Yes Dune and Sims Road, approx.4.5km long 100m Endangered rare ecosystem and rare in Foxton ED. Most intact Te Horo Foxton (2.07ha), Not wide, turf and mat plants, example within Kāpiti District, but not Wellington region. The RPS23a: Yes classified (11.28 ha) wind shorn shrubs and gravel originates from the Ōtaki River; excessive gravel RPS23ab: Yes 1,776,823 E trees, exotic species. extraction could put this feature at risk. The ridge occurs RPS23c: No 6,046,357 N between the driftwood-covered storm berm and is backed by a RPS23d: Yes small sand dune belt. Vegetation grades from turf and mat RPS23e: Yes plants to wind-shorn shrubs and trees. Pīngao, Coprosma acerosa (both At Risk-Declining), and other native reeds and grasses occur the sand dune. Red-billed gull (Threatened- Nationally Vulnerable), Tetragonia tetragonoides (At Risk- Naturally Uncommon) reported. This stretch of dunes is important to the hapū of Ngāti Raukawa for its ecological richness, numerous battles were fought and lives were lost, and driftwood collection. The wood provides also habitat for fauna. K233 Forest Lakes Forest Lakes 4.64 ha Old drainage canal for This canal originally drained Lake Waitawa. Surrounded by Overall: Yes channel Road. North of Lake Waitawa, and wetlands that buffer the canal and lake. Inclusion on tāngata Ōtaki, west of SH1 Foxton (4.64ha) surrounding wetlands whenua or archaeological grounds. Wasn’t fished extensively RPS23a: Yes near northern by Ngāti Raukawa, but was still a valued birding and cultivation RPS23ab: Yes District boundary. area. It also contributed to the flow into the wetlands which fed RPS23c: No into the Ngā Tōtara Lagoon which was fished. Lake eel are the RPS23d: No 1,783,184 E preferred eel for Ngāti Raukawa and the wetland swamps and RPS23e: Yes 6,050,965 N lakes in this area produced a highly valued eel that was dark in colour. Tī Kōuka were also a valued wetland food source with the centre of the shoot boiled with small eel and puha. Contains perch, tench & rudd for coarse fishery. K234 Te Hapua Road State Highway 1, .52 ha Coastal karaka-rewarewa Small lowland forest fragment, with karaka, rewarewa, and tawa Overall: Yes Forest Waikanae forest emergent over a diverse canopy. The canopy includes both Foxton (0.52ha) indigenous and exotic plant species, for example nīkau and RPS23a: Yes 1,776,725 E Magnolia species. The northern and western edges form part of RPS23ab: Yes

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District Location and Size (ha) and Name Habitat Type Description Significance Plan ID NZTM Grid Ref. Ecological District 6,040,012 N a large garden. This site appears to be in good condition, RPS23c: No although it only contains limited elements typical of the lowland RPS23d: No forest of Foxton ED, it occurs on acutely threatened (LENZ) RPS23e: Unknown land and is within 500 metres of two other larger forest remnants. K235 Marycrest State Highway 1, 2.03 ha Pukatea-kahikatea swamp Two small bush remnants; excellent examples of lowland bush Overall: Yes Te Horo forest with nīkau palms, tōtara, kahikatea, pukatea, and tawa Foxton (2.03ha) providing a good combination of trees for attracting birds RPS23a: Yes 1,777,562 E including kererū and tūī. The stream also provides a wetland RPS23ab: Yes 6,041,155 N area where raupō is available and numerous waterfowl can still RPS23c: Yes be found today. This site was once a part of the Te Horo pā RPS23d: No site and is a known urupā and would have been used as RPS23e: Yes resource garden. Known to contain large clumps of kiekie (used for tukutuku panels) . K236 Pharazyn Reserve Rutherford Drive- 41.62 ha Constructed ponds, Decommissioned oxidation ponds (retired in 2002) build on a Overall: Yes Paetawa Road link amenity and revegetation section of Te Harakeke Swamp (K066). Black Drain connects road Foxton (41.61ha), planting, raupō reedland, the two parts of Te Harakeke Swamp, wetland around the drain, RPS23a: No Not classified (0.01 spinifex foredunes, marram small raupō reedland. The coastal dunes retain considerable RPS23ab: Yes 1,772,567 E ha) tussockland dunes, natural character, and areas of relatively intact indigenous RPS23c: Yes 6,037,794 N boxthorne shrubland vegetation, but compromised by weeds. Grassland and exotic RPS23d: Yes dunes, exotic grassland tree plantations around ponds being replaced with amenity and RPS23e: Unknown dunes, pine plantation. revegetation plantings. Bird fauna includes 26 indigenous bird species; Threatened-Nationally Vulnerable: Pied shag, red- billed gull, New Zealand dabchick; At Risk-Declining: North Island fernbird, pied stilt; At Risk-Naturally Uncommon: black shag, little shag, little black shag, royal spoonbill; At Risk-Relict: marsh crake, spotless crake. Seven indigenous fish species in the streams including, At Risk-Declining long-finned eel, giant kōkopu, īnanga, and redfin bully. K238 Reikorangi forest East of Mangaone 7.22 ha Northern rātā/kāmahi forest Three discontinuous fragments of secondary growth kāmahi- Overall: Yes remnants South Road and - secondary rātā forest on moderate to slopes and ridges all generally below north of Terrace Tararua (7.22ha) 400 m asl. While the canopy is intact and sub mid-tier structure RPS23a: Yes Road is in place, diversity is limited and understorey subject to RPS23ab: Yes moderate stock grazing. Unlikely to provide habitat for any at RPS23c: No 1,779,258 E risk or threatened flora or fauna species. Less than 15% of RPS23d: No 6,031,615 N these forest types remaining in Wellington region RPS23e: Unknown