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Utah Historical Quarterly UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY J. CECIL ALTER Editor VOL. X 19 4 2 By many authors Utah State Historical Society Salt Lake City, Utah 194 2 Utah State Historical Society BOARD OF CONTROL (Terms Expiring April 1, 1943) C HENRY ANDERSON, Ogden WILLIAM J. SNOW, Provo A BGIBSON, Nephi LEVI EDGAR YOUNG, Salt Lake City FRANK K. SEEGMILLER, Salt Lake City (Terms Expiring April 1, 1945) HERBERT S. AUERBACH, Salt Lake City WILLIAM R. PALMER, Cedar City J. CECIL ALTER, Salt Lake City JOEL E. RICKS, Logan MRS. CORNELIA S. LUND, Salt Lake City OFFICERS 1941-43 HERBERT S. AUERBACH, President J. CECIL ALTER, Historian and Editor LEVI EDGAR YOUNG, Vice-President MARGUERITE L. SINCLAIR _ Secretary, Treasurer and Librarian EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERBERT S. AUERBACH, Chairman J. CECIL ALTER LEVI EDGAR YOUNG EDITORIAL BOARD J. CECIL ALTER WILLIAM R. PALMER C. HENRY ANDERSON JOEL E. RICKS HERBERT S. AUERBACH FRANK K. SEEGMILLER A. B. GIBSON WILLIAM J. SNOW MRS. CORNELIA S. LUND LEVI EDGAR YOUNG MEMBERSHIP Paid memberships at the required fee of $2.00 a year, will include current subscriptions to the Utah Historical Quarterly. Non-members and institutions may receive the Quarterly at $2.00 a year or 50 cents per quarter for current numbers. (See back page of cover for Publications for Sale.) Checks should be made payable to the Utah State Historical Society and mailed to the Secre- tary-Treasurer, State Capitol, Salt Lake City, Utah. EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS The Society was organized essentially to collect, disseminate and preserve important material pertaining to the history of the State. To effect this end contributions of manuscripts are solicited, such as old diaries, journals, letters and other writings of the pioneers; also original manuscripts by present-day writers on any phase of early Utah history. Treasured papers or manuscripts may be printed in faithful detail in the Quarterly, without harm to them, and without permanently removing them from their possessors. Contributions for the consideration of the Editorial Board, and correspondence relating thereto, should be addressed to the Secretary, Utah State Historical Society, State Capitol, Salt Lake City, Utah. THE SOCIETY ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR STATEMENTS MADE BY CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS MAGAZINE CONTENTS Page Pahute Indian Medicine, by Wm. R. Palmer 1 Early Utah Medical Practice, by Blanche E. Rose 14 Men Doctors 14-27 Washington F. Anderson 20 John Milton Bernhisel 18 William France 19 Edward Palmer LeCompte 27 "Oliver Cromwell Ormsby 25 Levi Richards 16 Willard Richards 17 Samuel L. Sprague 14 Women Doctors 28-32 Martha Hughes Paul Cannon 30 Ellen B. Ferguson 29 Romania Bunnell Pratt Penrose 28 Ellis R. Shipp 31 Pioneer Dentistry 32 Dr. Calvin Crane Pendleton, by Mark A. Pendleton 34 Addenda (A) —The Council of Health, by /. Cecil Alter. 37 (B)— Meeks-Pendleton Divergent Views 39 (C)—Health Laws 40 (D)—Prejudice Against Doctors and Spiritual Healing 40 (E)—Samuel Thomson, Herb Doctor, or Botanical Physician 44 (F)—Brigham Young's Death 48 (G)—Men vs. Women Doctors 49 (H)—Early Physician's and Druggist's Register.. 50 (I) —Baptiste Indian Medicine 51 (J) —Indian Medicine Bag 52 Memoirs of Alice Parker Isom, Wm. R. Palmer, Editor 55 Mormon Midwives, by Claire Noall: Sarah Heald Greenhalgh 123 Annie Bryceon Laker 120 Paulina Phelps Lyman 118 Mary Jane McCleave Meeks 125 Phebe Amelia Richards Peart 117 Persis Young Richards 137 Lucy Pratt Russell 136 Patty Sessions 84 Edna Lambson Smith 142 Julina Lambson Smith 139 Margery Lisk Spence 114 Mary Ann Swenson 142 Josephine Catherine Chatterly Wood 127 Zina D. H. Young Ill Journal of Priddy Meeks, /. Cecil Alter, Editor 145 BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF UTAH A PROCLAMATION WHEREAS, the State of Utah is gathering all obtainable facts, papers and information concerning the activities of our peo­ ple who are serving their country in the present World War, and WHEREAS, several outstanding heroes have already given their lives, or rendered signally distinguished service, at home and abroad, and WHEREAS, we are proud of these men and women and are endeavoring to obtain for official preservation every available fact concerning them, and WHEREAS, the Historical Society has been formally desig­ nated as the official repository of public records, papers and other material of historic value, also designated as the Department of War History and Archives, to record Utah's participation in the war, and WHEREAS, every assurance is given for the safe and per­ manent keeping of all public and personal records, to the honor of our worthy military men and women, and for the students of our history, NOW, THEREFORE, I, HERBERT B. MAW, Governor of Utah, do hereby proclaim that the citizens of the state should furnish to the Utah State Historical Society, 337 State Capitol, for information and preservation, the names, biographical sketches, photographs and copies of war service clippings, papers and rec­ ords, of the members of their families, their loved ones and their friends. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the Great Seal of the State of Utah. Done at the Capitol, Salt Lake City, this 12th day of Sep­ tember, 1942. (Signed) HERBERT B. MAW Governor By the Governor: E. E. MONSON (Signed) Secretary of State. ( SEAL) From the collection of Herbert S. Auerbach PAHUTE INDIANS Medicine Man Indian Doctor Warrior Utah State Historical Society State Capitol — Salt Lake City, Utah Volume X January, April, July, October, 1942 Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 PAHUTE INDIAN MEDICINE1 By WM. R. PALMER 2 The trail of humanity down through the centuries from the first man has been beset with sickness and affliction; and parallel­ ing that trail is a line of magicians, soothsayers, medicine men, faith healers, naturopaths, osteopaths, chiropractors, midwives, doctors, surgeons, dentists, etc., etc., who have conjured ways and means to relieve or cure human ailments. The human body, ignoring the conjuring, has proceeded in many cases to heal itself but the particular brand of witchery that was being used at the time got credit for the cure. Since so many of our ailments are imaginary or profoundly affected by the mind, who shall say that the magic passes of the soothsayers, or the incantations of the medicine man were not often effective in removing the delusions? Every people, every race, has had its medicine men in variety even down to our enlightened day. Each school may apply the word "quackery" to the others but all of them can bring forth their sheaves of testimonials. The science of medicine, so called, has been the slowest of all to move away from the black arts, and there is still more of conjuring and experimentation than of science in the treatment of our human ills. This is said with apologies to my own doctor whose services I run for every time I have an ache or pain. The Pahutes have had the good sense to limit their practition­ ers to two schools. Their medicine is, therefore, less confusing than the white man's methods. Moreover, an Indian can practice either system or both and the only question asked is, do his patients live through the treatment? He had better keep Dame Luck on his side for he may be held accountable for what happens to his patients. There is for him no such convenient alibi as, 'the opera­ tion was successful but the patient died." These Indian practitioners are known respectively as "Doctor" and "Medicine Man". Commonly they are supposed to be one and the same but the fact is that there may be, and there frequently is, jealous rivalry between the two as representing different schools 1. Copyright, 1942, by Wm. R. Palmer. 2. For note on Mr. Palmer, see Utah Historical Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, January, 1928, p. 5. 2 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY of thought in the healing arts. Both may and sometimes do work concurrently on the same patient, but seldom in collaboration. Neither one will object to this so long as he gets his fee. If the patient recovers, there may be an argument about which treat­ ment brought about the cure, but, if the patient dies there is sure to be mutual incriminations between the healers, each blaming the other for the death. In that case responsibility will be difficult to fix and both may escape punishment. The Doctor is a faith healer while the Medicine Man drives the demons of disease away with concoctions of lizard tails, bone ashes, herbs or whatever else his spirit tutor bids him use. Superstition is the basis on which both rest. If an Indian wants to become a Doctor or a Medicine Man he thinks hard about it for many days. If the spirits want him to practice they will some night send him a dream. Some spirit will talk with him from far, far away. If he is to be a Doctor it will sing the healing songs to him, and if he is to be a Medicine Man it will tell him what the herbs and plants are for and how he may concoct medicine from them. The Indian learns his songs or his formula and he is then ready to begin his practice. The Indian theory is that all kinds of sickness is caused by "mo-go-ab ru-an"—evil spirits—little devils that afflict and tor­ ment man. We, too, have little devils whom we hold responsible for our troubles. We call them germs. The medicine man had his devils long before we got ours. The job of the Indian practitioner is to drive the demons away.— to eject them forcefully if necessary from the sick person, or to so harrass them that they are glad to vacate.
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