Chapter-01 Project Details 1

` CHAPTER-01

PROJECT DETAILS

1. Introduction Sri Basanagouda Linganagouda Tondihal,of Kukanur, Yelburga Taluk, Koppal District, has Applied for Quarry Lease, over an area of 5-09 Acres(2.115 Ha) in Sy.Nos. 79/2 & 79/3, at Kukanur Village, Yelburga Taluk, Koppal District.to quarry Ornamental Grey Granite. The quarrying development in the study area needs to be intertwined with judicious utilization of natural resources within the limits of permissible assimilative capacity. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a valuable tool for resource management and conservation of environmental considerations can be conveniently & advantageously woven into the process of planning, implementation and operation of the project. Measures to enhance the quality of environment subsequent to quarrying are also incorporated in the EMP. The present Environmental Management Plan is aimed at ensuring sustainable development in the study area of the quarrying operations. The strategy is to control the pollution at the source to the extent possible, with the available and affordable technology, followed by treatment measures before the pollutants are discharged into the environment. Although, the study area is not adversely affected with the quarrying activities, however, concerted efforts have been planned to integrated measures for improvement of the environment in the study area.

The environmental attributes for which the management action plan is contemplated are Air quality, Water quality, Noise, Soil, Topography, Land use and the Socio economic status of the area.

This Environmental Management Plan report has been prepared for submission to State Level Environmental Appraisal Committee/State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority constituted by MOEF for obtaining Environmental Clearance.

2. Purpose Of Environmental Management Plan

Various purposes of the environmental management plan are; To treat and dispose of all the pollutants viz. liquid, gaseous and solid waste so as to meet statutory requirements (Relevant Pollution Control Acts) with appropriate technology. To support and implement development work to achieve environmental standards and to improve the methods of environmental management. To promote green-belt development. To encourage good working conditions for employees. To reduce fire and accident hazards. Budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management system. To adopt cleaner production technology and waste minimization program.

3. Status on Baseline Information

Existence of public road / railway line, if any near by and approximate distance:- The Applied area is 0.92 km NW of Kakkihalli Village. Kukanur-Tipparasahalu PWD Road is 0.76 km in South direction. Koppal-Yelbura DMR Road is 2.33 km in West direction. Ballari-Ankola NH-63 is 13.28 kms in South of the Applied area. Kukanur Town is 1.43 kms in SW direction. The Applied area is 10.83 kms from Kukanur a Taluk & 22.25 kms from Koppal the district head quarter. The nearest railway station is at Bhanapur which is at a distance of 14.08 kms in South from the Applied area.

The nearest airport is Hubli, 100kms. The nearest port is Karwar which is 300 km. No reserve forest within 10.0 kms radius. Benakall Water Tank is 5.43 kms. In the South. Seasonal Hire Halla is 7.77 km in the South. No wild life sanctuary within 15 kms radius from the Applied area. Topo sheet No. with Latitude and longitude: Topo sheet No 57 A/2 Latitude: N 150 30’ 36.9’’ to N 150 30’ 43.4’’ Longitude: E 760 00’ 34.6” to E 760 00’ 38.5” 3

The highest elevation in NE portion and lowest elevation in the SE in the area are having an elevation difference of 2.97 m (i.e., 600.45 m and 597.48 m respectively).

There are agricultural lands around the lease area This type of minor-scale open cast mining operations may not degrade the environmental conditions.

Water Regime

The slopes are drained by nallas are outside the quarrying lease area. These nallas flow towards South and act as flood channel during rainy seasons. None of these are perennial. This area receives rainfall about 600 mm per year. The ground water table observed in this area is 60 to 80 meters below the ground. The area around the quarrying operations is almost dry, barren & grazing with some vegetation & agricultural.

Quality of the Air

The quality of the air is pure and fresh, as there are no industries. Moreover, there will be always good breeze from the adjoining open area.

Solid Waste The solid waste materials that are generated are inert in nature and will not result in to leaching of any substance or constituent. During the Plan period about 75,000 cum (1,99,500 tonnes) of intercalated waste is required to be handled during the Plan period which will be dumped in the area earmarked, in the NW portion of the applied area, on mineralised ground with 20.0 m height which requires about 0.375 Ha area. Some quantity will be utilized for strengthening the approach road.

As there is demand for building stone, about 75,000 cum (1,99,500 tonnes) of Waste will be used as road material or for construction purpose with the permission of Dept. of Mines and Geology. This will help to reduce the Mineralised area and is used for good cause.

Climatic Condition

The area enjoys arid climate. The hottest month is May and coldest month is December. The rainy season comprises of May to September. The temperature varies from 20oC - 25oC in winter to 30oC-40oC in summer. The weather is continued to be pleasant during November to march. This area receives rainfall of about 600 mm per year.

Human Settlements

There are no villages within the lease area. Nearest Village is Kakkihalli which is 0.92 kms in NW direction, having total population of 1,471 with house hold population of 296 as per 2011 census.

Public Buildings, Places of Worship and Monuments

There are no public buildings, monuments or wild life parks in and around the area. No Places of worship and monuments in this mining area or near-by this place.

4. Land Environment

Land area indicating that the area likely to be degraded due to quarrying, pitting, dumping, roads, workshop, etc.

As the Grey Granite Quarry is carried out in small scale in about 1.050 Ha area will be used. The depth of excavation will not be more than 12.0 mts. The excavated Grey Granite is sold to the customers.

In this type of small-scale open cast OTFM quarrying operations, no township is planned and there are no other hazards generated.

Reserves

The reserve details are as under:

Total Mineral resources------51,880 Cum.

Mineral reserves ------38,678 Cum.

Quarrying An open cast, Other Than Fully Mechanised Quarry Method, will be adopted to operate the area. The annual production is about 5,000 Cum/year maximum. The quarry is laid out in such a way taking advantage of the geological structures especially the major sets of joints. Bench heights of not more than 6 Mt. is maintained excavators deployed and safety purposes. Initially, drilling by pneumatic jack hammers (hole diameter is 33 mm) is done at appropriate intervals (20-30 Cms.) to the desired depth. Smooth blasting is effected by using gun powder. The loose joints can be split by feather and wedges. If the joints are tight, as we go deep, the methodology will change accordingly. When the surface of a certain bench is too uneven because of exposed horizontal joints, wire saw is used to make the side cuts of the primary block. The back cut and drilling 33 mm holes with the line drill does the horizontal bottom cut of the primary block and smoothly blasted with gunpowder. Then the blocks extracted to the desired size by drilling and splitting by using feather and wedges. On a fully developed flat bench and where recovery by jet burner is expected to be low, wire saw machine will be used for horizontal and vertical cutting of primary block. Further pouring the crack agent powder with water through the drill holes can split the secondary blocks. Then the final dressing will be done by drilling & feather and wedges The waste generated from working benches is loaded to dumpers by excavators and front end loaders and hauled to the dumping yard.

As there is demand for building stone, about 75,000 cum (1,99,500 tonnes) of Waste will be used as road material or for construction purpose with the permission of Dept. of 6

Mines and Geology. This will help to reduce the Mineralised area and is used for good cause.

Afforestation

Afforestation will be taken along the Lease Boundary, on dump and on approach road, with the consultation of Horticulture and forest departments to maintain the green belt for balancing the ecological environment. Details of the afforestation program are given below:

Afforestation Table – Green Belt

No.of Plants Survival Year Approach Saplings Lease Boundary Dump Rate Road 1st 50 25 25 Local & fast 2nd 50 25 25 growing plants like 3rd 50 25 25 60% Honge, 4th 50 25 25 Cashio, Badam etc. 5th 50 25 25 250 125 125

CHAPTER-02

PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT

Climate

The area has a tropical climate. The peak summer will be in the month of May. Highest temperature of 40°C during May and lowest temperature of 20°C during December. and the rainfall in this area is about 600mm.

Temperature

This is one of the important factors deciding the dispersion of air pollutants due to Factors like lapse rate, inversion etc. In the area, it is observed from the records that the temperature varies slightly in the month.

Relative Humidity

The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere affects the amount of solar Radiation received and reflected by the earth. Water vapor serves to scatter or Absorb radiation energy, and hence humidity has a major influence on air quality. Generally the relative humidity observed in the area is moderate.

Precipitation

Precipitation serves as a cleansing agent for the atmosphere by removing Particulate matter and soluble gases in a process called “Wash Out”. The rainfall in this area was about 600mm 8

Wind Speed & Direction

Wind is one of the most important modes in the distribution, transportation and dispersion of air contaminants. The velocity of the wind determines the travel time of particulate to a receptor and the dispersion rate of air contaminants.

EMP study & Scope

The objective of preparing an EMP is to provide mitigative measures for protection of Environment. In order to obtain a clear picture of environmental parameters, the studies were carried out inside the area (Core zone) proposed for mining. Based on the available information and monitoring carried out in the area for various environmental parameters EMP of the area is prepared. The EMP for the subject Quarry Lease is undertaken as part of obtaining clearance from Environmental angle.

Quality Of Air

Quarrying operations does not involve deep hole drilling and blasting. Use of machinery for excavation & loading of Quarried Granite, is a major contributor for affecting the air quality. Loading and transport of Granite generate some small quantities of dust, which again depend on factors such as the topography, nature of material handled and climatologically parameters like wind speed, wind direction and stability classification of the area viz location of buffer zone villages. The quantum of quarrying operations is very limited and hence there shall not be regular fugitive emissions. However, care will be taken to suppress dust by sprinkling water at all loading places, mineral dressing/stack yards etc.

LOCATION : A 1 Quarry Site Unit in µg/m3

Results Limits Units Methods Parameters

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) , 24hours 10.2 80 µg/m Improved West and Gaeke. 3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 24 8.6 80 µg/m Modified Jacob & hours Hochheiser(Na-Arsenite) Particulate Matter 52.4 100 Gravimetric (size less than 10µm), 24 hours µg/m3 Particulate Matter 23.1 60 µg/m3 Gravimetric ( size less than 2.5 µm), 24 hours

Note : BDL = Below Detectable limit

Quality of Water

a) Surface water: There are no nallahs and tank existing nearby the Quarry area, Precautions will have to be taken to avoid the wash-off from the mine to nearby nallahs by construction of Check dams & retaining walls.

b) Ground water: Ground water is unlikely to be encountered during the proposed period of working this Quarry. So any change in the ground water condition is ruled out.

LOCATION : GW 1 Kakkihalli, Analysis as per IS and APHA standards. NS- Not Specified, ND-Not Detected, NA-Not Analysed, C-Contaminated

Sl.No. Characteristics Acceptable Limits Permissible Limits Result IS 10500-2012 IS 10500-2012 1 Color Hazen units 5 15 5 2 Odor Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 1 5 pH Value 6.5-9.5 No relaxation 7.24 6 Conductivity µ - mhos/cm ------2130 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 2000 1530

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3mg/l 200 600 484 9 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 137.6

10 Chlorides as Cl2 mg/l 250 1000 277.91

11 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200 400 143.2

12 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 600 384 13 Magnesium as mg/l 30 100 37.02

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No relaxation 1.73 15 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.3 No relaxation 25.4 16 Fluoride 0.6 1.5 1.16

Noise Level

The noise level of the core & buffer zone is expected to be within the permissible Limits. Quarrying activity is likely to increase the noise levels at the loading points and jack hammer drilling/cutting locations. However since the workers will not be Expected to be exposed to high levels of noise for considerable period of time, no Extra precaution is proposed. . LOCATION : A 1 Quarry Site

Average Noise Level Monitoring Data during Day time Date :28-01-2019 Sl. Time in hours Noise level in dB

No. 1 07.00-07.15 61.2 2 08.00-08.15 62.5 3 09.00-08-15 65.6 4 10.00-10.15 63.5 5 11.00-11.15 64.5 6 12.00-12.15 68.5 7 01.00-01.15 70.1 8 02.00-02.15 71.2 9 03.00-03.15 72.5 10 04.00-04.15 75.5 Lmax:75.5 Lmin:61.2 Leq:61.78

Standards to control noise pollution are as follows: Area Day (Leq dB Night (Leq dB (A)) (A)) Residential 55 45 Commercial 65 55 Industrial 75 70

INFERENCE As per KSPCB Standards, Report Status:-Leq within Limits.

Land Environment

The Quarry lease area of 5-09 acres is Patta land. The area is covered by rocks. The Quarry lease area is proposed to be utilized for quarrying and except for quarrying the land is not used for any other purpose. Open scrub mark the general topography of the area. The buffer zone consists of patta/ revenue lands which are barren, agricultural & grazing lands. The major activity in the buffer zone is dry and whatever agriculture activity takes place is entirely dependent on rains. The crop includes Jowar with maize, ground-nut and vegetables. Soil Analysis:

Sl.No. Parameters Unit Result

1 pH -- 7.15 2 Electrical Conductivity µ - mhos/cm 181 3 Colour -- 5 4 Nitrogen as N kg/ha 16.32 5 Phosphorous as P kg/ha 12.8

6 Potassium as K2O kg/ha 19.5

7 Sulphates as SO4 mg/100gm 8.10 8 Chloride as Cl mg/Kg 155.12 9 Magnesium as Mg mg/Kg 3.25 10 Moisture content % 0.72 13

CHAPTER-03

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Introduction

Mineral deposits are exploited for the sustained development of the country. But this economic activity is likely to cause some adverse impact on the environment and ecosystem of the area. Therefore, it is obligatory on the part of the lessee to implement suitable control measures to mitigate the adverse impact of the various quarrying operations. After analyzing and study of the quarry, it is found that the quarry activity certainly will have little effects on the different environmental parameters as is evidenced in the earlier chapter. It is possible to control the deterioration of environment due to quarry activity by adopting and monitoring few fixed practices as described in detail in this chapter.

Climate

The proposed Quarry activities are not likely to contribute to any variation in the climate parameters of the region. The variations observed are on a regional scale and the control factors lie much beyond the small area considered for Quarrying. Hence no management measures are needed and proposed.

Air Environment

The sources of air pollution in the region will be due to quarrying and the related transportation activities. The meteorology of the area becomes an important parameter in environmental issues in the mining settlements. Suitable measures to protect the inhabitants and environment against the dust and fumes emanating from vehicular movements are required to be taken. The dust generated is from the mine haul roads and drilling/cutting/loading sites. It is proposed to take up mitigative measures in the form of sprinkling water in the sensitive areas and also create green belt along lease boundary to act as a dust barrier. The gaseous pollutants namely SO2 & NOx are below detection 14 level. As stated earlier the gaseous pollutants in and around the mine are well within the permissible limits. There is no likelihood of the concentrations exceeding the standards as there is no dust emanating from the drilling & wire saw cutting units. There is no other factory or beneficiation unit in the lease area. However, gaseous pollutants will be monitored as per the requirement.

Dust Control

The dust generated from loading and transport operations will be controlled by water spraying. For these purposes water tanker fitted with sprayer will be used at haul road, etc. Sprinkling water on the roads by tanker will be practiced. The water tankers to be deployed for dust suppression. The required water will be drawn from bore well. Further the green belt proposed all round the Quarry lease boundary will act as a dust filter and arrest the spread of air borne dust on to the nearby agricultural lands and villages. The office complex is also suggested to be surrounded by green belt, to arrest the spread of dust to the other locations.

Noise Environment

The haulage vehicles shall be maintained with proper lubrication, fitting of effective silencers and maintenance to reduce the noise. Workers are provided with earplugs to avoid the noise from the machineries. The proposed green belt around the lease area will help in reducing the noise level.

Water Environment

Water Consumption and Waste Water Management Water consumed for Consumption Discharge Treatment Final disposal KLD KLD units Provided point a) Domestic use 1.49 1.04(70%) Soak pit Land b) Gardening. 1.50 NA NA NA c) Dust Suppression 2.00 NA NA NA

It is proposed to use water for sprinkling over the roads for suppression of dust during summer. The major source of water pollution in open cast quarrying is the surface run- off carrying the fine silt. The problem is prevalent mostly in rainy season. For this control measures by way of providing check-dams along the boundary of the project site & outside the lease area will be initiated and will be strengthened further and the lessee will also take up erection of retention walls along the dump toes, slopes & take up afforestation on the side of these retention walls to minimize the flow of silt. Drains will be constructed to channelize the water in loose soil areas to prevent erosion.

Storm Water Management

Check dams will be constructed to contain the surface run-off of the silt and sediments from the lease area during heavy rainy season. Garland drain around the quarry will be made to divert the water from working areas.

Land Environment

The Dhanbad declaration on Environmental Management in Mining Industry states “It is imperative that in order to ensure the continued and sustained progress of the mining industry in India, the environmental dimensions should be integrated into the planning, design, development, operation and working practices of quarry on scientific and rational lines, by the Governments and the industry in a mutually reinforcing manner”. The land related Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been presented here under two sections viz., Soil & Water conservation and Afforestation.

Land Restoration/Reclamation

Land restoration or reclamation of the area is very essential in any mining industry. Proper measures adopted during restoration will control most of the adverse environmental impacts of Quarry and also improve the aesthetic beauty of the area. Due to the Quarry activities in this area the profile of the ground will change due to formation of pits. At the end of the Quarry operations, the pit will be rehabilitated. The pit will be properly fenced and utilized as water tank for Agriculture as the lease area is surrounded by Agriculture lands. 16

Provision of Green Belt along the affected area

Development of greenbelt: 50 plants along the Lease Boundary, 25 plants on the waste dump and 25 plants along the approach will be planted. The major pollutant is generation of dust. This is an effective way to check pollutants and their dispersion into surrounding areas. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area and density. The main objective of green belt is as follows: 1. Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions caused by vehicles 2. Attenuation of noise levels 3. Ecological restoration 4. Creation of aesthetic environment

Control on soil Erosion

There is little quantity of soil production in the area. Whatever, small quantity is produced will be dumped along lease boundary to form bund to avoid rain water entering in to the pit.

Wild Life Protection:

Presently, there are no wild animals spotted in the core zone. However, the practice of afforestation programme and other control measures shall bring greenery to the area and also the vegetation of mixed species and availability of water will form a natural habitat for these wild animals and helps in conservation of the flora and fauna of the area. Fencing & trenching of the lease area boundary shall be proposed as part avoiding entry of animals within the quarry/pits towards unauthorized entry & wild life protection.

Management of Socio Economic:

As already explained in the earlier paras the mining industry will improve the economic status of the people and area. Continued Quarrying activities, will benefit the local people due to provision of more infrastructural facilities provided by the mining industry, as 17 mining industry boosts up the local market, which will invite people from different places to install their ancillary units.

Disaster Management Plan

Disaster Management Plan is envisaged with a goal to prevent hazards and accidents at work places by careful design, operation, maintenance and inspection of the Quarrying machineries & equipments. All the quarry activities will be in accordance with the approved Quarrying plan and directives of Directorate General of Mines Safety. All the eligible employees will be sent to refresher courses from time to time on safety issues. The control measures will be adopted to take care of hazards/disasters that may occur during quarry operation. Safety awareness through competitions, posters & organizing safety weeks every year.

Fire fighting & first aid provisions will be provided in mines office & quarry lease area.

All safety appliances to be made available to all the staff.

Proper maintenance of haulage roads

Conclusions, Suggestions/recommendations

Rough granite blocks of different dimensions are obtained from quarrying. Once the granite blocks are obtained they are further processed to make it final for the use. The typical process after quarrying involves the following four steps:

Dressing Cutting/sawing Surface grinding and polishing and Edge-cutting-trimming.

The suspended particulate matter getting airborne from the Quarrying activity gets dispersed in close proximity itself and settles down early. The noise levels due to the proposed quarry activity are also not of a higher order that calls for immediate corrective measures. There is positive socio-economic front in the surrounding region due to the proposed mining industry. The practice of afforestation scheme is a step in the right direction towards achieving ecological balance 18

Suggestions/Recommendations

Even though there is no perceptible impact from the quarry activity on the environment of the region, it is imperative that mitigative measures have got to be implemented on full scale for creating environmental balance and intern maintain the ecology of the region. The following suggestions/recommendations merit due consideration in this regard. As no control over wind can be exercised, the frequency of the dust suppression measures like constant watering of the haul roads shall be practiced. Afforestation as envisaged in the Quarrying plan is to be carried which not only enhances the green canopy but also stop the spread of dust particles and air borne pollutants. Surface water conservation measures and groundwater recharge be given high priority. Environmental Monitoring-Financial Implications After an in-depth study of the Environmental Management Plan, the management may make estimates of expenditure on annual basis for the implementation of different environmental protection programme will be implemented as required.

Capital Cost

Capital Cost Sl.No. Activity Quantity (Rs) 1 Retention/Toe wall for Dump 189m 3,78,000-00 2 Garland drain for Dump 268m 1,34,000-00 4 Fence along Lease boundary 599m 2,99,500-00

5 Catch drain along Lease boundary 591m 2,95,500-00

6 Siltation Pond 10x5m 1,00,000-00

Total 12,07,000-00

Recurring Cost Recurring Activity Quantity Sl.No. Cost/Yr.(Rs)

1 Afforestation/Green belt development 100 saplings/yr 50,000-00

2 Water for Drinking, Dust suppression & Plantation 4.99 KLD 4,99,000-00

3 Period Medical Checkup & PPE supplies Yearly 1,05,000-00

4 Environmental Monitoring Yearly 1,00,000-00

5 Fire Tracing & Fire Watchers Yearly 75,000-00

6 CSR Activities Yearly 1,00,000-00

Total 9,29,000-00

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

For KUKANUR GREY GRANITE QUARRY

For QL Area Applied, in 5-09 Acres(2.115Ha) in Sy.Nos. 79/2 & 79/3 Patta Land, OTFM Quarrying, At Kukanur Village, Yelburga Taluk, Koppal District,

Of Sri Basanagouda Linganagouda Tondihal Prashant Nagar, Kukanur-813 232 Yelburga Taluk, Koppal District

INDEX

Sl. No. Contents Page No.

1. Project Details 1

2. Present Environmental Conditions- 7

Base Line Environment

3. Environmental Management Plan 13

LIST OF ANNEXURES

1 Environmental Monitoring Report