First Record of Scleroderma Polyrhizumpers. (Gasteromycetes) from Braziv

Acta boI. bras. 14(2): 181-184. 2000 181

FIRST RECORD OF SCLERODERMA POLYRHIZUMPERS. (GASTEROMYCETES) FROM BRAZIV

Iuri Goulart Baseia2 Adauto Ivo Milanez2

Recebido em 18/1111999. Aceito em 03/03/2000

RESUMO - (Primeiro registro de Sc/eroderma pOlydllZlIIll Pers. (Gasteromycetes) para o Brasil). Scleroderma polyrhizlllll, um gasteromiceto ectomicorrízico, é registrado pela primeira vez para o Brasil, crescendo sob Caryocar brasiliel1SeCamb. (Caryiocaraceae) espécie arbórea comum e nativa da vegetação de cerrado brasileiro. Os caracteres macro e microscópicos foram descritos a partir de basidiocarpos frescos e secos, segundo a metodologia tradicional utilizada em estudos taxonômicos de Gasteromycetes. As características do material analisado foram similares à descrição original fornecida por Persoon. Todo material coletado estava associado a raízes de C brasiliellse.

Palavras-chave - Gasteromycetes, Sclerodenna pOlydllZIIIIl, taxonomia, ectomicornza

ABSTRACT - (First record of Scleroderllla polydllzlt/ll Pers. (Gasteromycetes) from Brazil). The ectomycorrhizal, gasteroid fungus, Scleroderllla polyrhizltl1l is recorded from Brazil for the first time, growing under Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) a widespread native tree of the Brazilian "cerrado" vegetation. Macro and microscopic features were described using basidiocarps from fresh and dried material treated according to the traditional methodology for Gasteromycetes. The characteristics of the material were close to those of the original description given by Persoon. Ali material collected was associated with roots of C brasiliense.

Key words - Gasteromycetes, Sc/eroderllla polydllZIIIll, taxonomy, ectomycorrhiza

Introduction caracterized by a thick and microscopically vaguely differentiated peridium and dusty gleba The content of this paper constitutes a with age. According to Harley & Smith (1983) portion of extensive studies concerning the and Richter (1992) this taxon usually forms an gasteroid mycota from Brazilian "cerrado" ectomycorrhizal association. vegetation, including the "Reserva Ecológica de At present there are but few studies on Jataí" (State of São Paulo). Gasteromycetes. From Brazil Scleroderma has The genus Scleroderma was proposed by small representativity yet and only S a/bldum Persoon (1801) and later revised by Guzmán Pers, S citrinum Pers., S verrucosum (BulI.) (1970)~ who accepted 21 species. This genus is Pers., S viI/gare Hom. and S tenerum B. et C.

1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro Autor. Bolsista da CAPES Instituto de Botânica, C. Postal 4005, CEP 01061-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 182 Baseia & Milanez: First recard af Sc!eroderll/a pO/yrlllZIIII/ Pers. (Gasteromycetes) from Brazil were recorded by Rick (1961) and Bononi etal. Fig. 1-5 (1981). Gasterocarp 2-4cm broad, subpiriform, Material and methods sessile, dark brown (KW-6F6). Peridium triplex up to 7mm when fresh, becoming much thinner Specimens of Scleroderma were collected when dry, hard, tough, squamous, usually during the rainy season of 1999 (January to dehiscing by irregular splitting, from the apex March), in the "Reserva Ecológica de Jataí" downwards into unequal lobes. Exoperidium (State of São Paulo), located in an area of hymeniform, with thin walled hyphae, hyaline, 4,532.18 ha, at 21°33'-21°37'S and 47°45'- 6-7.4-8.3 x 4.5-5.7-6.2mm. Mesoperidium with 46°51 ' W. Climatic conditions are of the AW interwoven hyphae, which are thick-walled, type, according to the Kbppen System. brown, 4-6mm diam. Endoperidium slightly Hand-cut sections of dried material were differentiated, thin-walled, hyaline, 2-3mm mounted for microscopical examination in diam. Gleba pulverulent, dark grey (KW-3Fl). Melzer's reagent, 5% KOH, water or cotton blue Basidiospore subglobose, 6-7mm diam., brown, (Toledo 1993). Basidiospore measurements finely echinulate. Capillitium absent. included the ornamentation. Permanent Habitat: On sandy soil. microscopic si ides were made using PVL resin Distribution: Africa (Bottornley 1948), Chi (alcohol polyvinilic and lactophenol), according na (Liu 1984), England (Demoulin & Marriott to Trappe & Schenck (1982). In our fieldwork 1981), France (Calonge & Demoulin 1975), and mycorrhizal analysis, we used the methods Japan(Hara 1954), USA (Coker & Couch 1928; ofZak (1973) and Schenck (1982), respectively. Guzmán 1970). Colour terms in parenthesis are those of Material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Komerup & Wanscher (1978), abreviated as KW. Luís Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, The material was included at the Herbarium of 28/I/1999, Baseia 428, (SP 307298); 24/lIJI999, the Instituto de Botânica, Seção de Micologia e Baseia 443, (SP 307299); 81IIIJ1999, Baseia Liquenologia (SP), abbreviated by acronyms 461, (SP 307300). according to the Index Herbariorum (Holmgren Material additional examined (donated to et aI. 1990). SP Herbarium): UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Ohio: Fort Hill State Memorial, Results and d.iscussion Highland Co., 3NIIJI970, W. B. & V. G Cooke Sc/eroáerma polyrllizum Pers., Syn. Meth. 41950(SP 141511). Fung., p. 156, 1801.Type: lost S polyrhizum is characterized by the dark Neotype: Bartlett 1600 (MICH) brown colour, usually rugose, hard peridial wall, Basionym: Lycoperdon polyhrizon Gmel., Syst. stellate manner of dehiscence, and often finally Nat., 2, p. 1464, 1796. empty peridium due to the disappearance of the Sclerangiumpolyhrizum (Pers.) Lév., Ann. Sci. gleba. It differs from Sflavidum and S texense, Natur., 3-9: 130, 1848. which dehisces in a similar manner, in its usually Lycoperdastrum rotundum majus Mich., Nov. bigger size, rugose peridium and the subglobose Plant. Gen., p. 219, 1729; basidiospores with smaller spines. Scleroderma geaster Fr., Syst. Myc., 3, p. 46, The carpophores of this species grow 1829; solitary during the rainy seasons, from the end Sterrebec/da geaster (Fr.) Fr., Ac. Acad. Sc. of January to the beginning ofMarch, associated Holm., 1848. with Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryo (Synonyms according to Gusmán (1970) caraceae), a widespread native tree ofthis biome, Acta boto bras. 14(2): 181-184.2000 183

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Figure l-S. Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers. I. gastrocarp (general aspect before dehiscence); 2. hyphae of exoperidium; 3. hyphae of mesoperidium; 4. hyphae of endoperidium; 5. basidiospores. thus exhibiting ectomycorrhizal association. Bottomley, A. M. 1948. Gasteromycetes of South Africa. This simbiotic relationship was sustained by Bothalia 4: 473-810. Calonge, F. D. & Demoulin, V. 1975. Les Gastêromycetes rhizomorphs of S. polyrhizum that were d'Éspagne. Bulletin Societé Mycologique du France aggregated with roots of this tree. Mande and 91(2): 247-292. Hartig net, characteristics of ectomycorrhiza, Coker, W. C. & Couch, J. N. 1928. The Gasteromycetes were detected by microscopic analysis. There is of the Eastern United States and Canada. The no published register of the mutualistic University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hil!. Demoulin, V. & Marriott, J. V. R. 1981. Key to the association between these taxa. Gasteromycetes of Great Britain. Bulletin 15: 37-56. Guzmán, G. 1970. Monografia deI gênero Sc/eroderma References Pers. emendo Fr. (Fungi-Basidiomycetes). Darwiniana 16(1-2): 233-407. Bononi, V. L.; Trufem, S. F. & Grandi R. A. 1981. Fungos Hara, K. 1954. A Iist of Japanese fungi hitherto know. macroscópicos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do The Mycological Society of Japan. Ipiranga, São Paulo (SP), Brasil, depositados no Harley, J. L. & Smith, S. E. 1983. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Herbário do Instituto de Botânica. Rickia 9: 37-53. Academic Press, London. 184 Baseia & Milanez: First record of Scleroderlllo pO/yrltiZIIIII Pers. (Gasteromycetes) from Brazil

Holmgren, P. K.; Holmgren, N. H. & Bamett, L. C. 1990. Toledo, L. D. 1993. Gasteromycetes (Eumycota) deI Cen IndexHerbariorum, part I, The Herbariaofthe World, tro Oeste de la Argentina I. Analisis critico de los 8th edn. Reg. Veg ., New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, caracteres taxonomicos, clave de los generos y orden NewYork. Podaxales. Darwiniana 32(1-4): 195-235. Komerup, A. & Wanscher, J. E. 1978. Methuen Handbook Trappe, J. M. & Schenck, N. C. 1982. Taxonomy of the of Colour, Methuen, London. fungi forming endomycorrhizae. Pp. 1-9. In: N. C. Persoon, D. C. 1801. Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. Schenck (Ed.). Methods and principies of Gotinga. mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopa Richter, D. L. 1992. Six species of Sc/eroderma thological Society, St. Paul. (Gasteromycetes, Sclerodermatales) described from Zak, B. 1973. Classification of ectomycorrhizae. Pp. 43- pure cultures. Mycotaxon45: 461-471. 78. In: G . C . Marks, T. T. Kozlowski (Eds.), Rick, J. 1961. Basidiomycetes Eubasidii no Rio Grande Ectomycorrhizae. Academic Press, New York. do Sul. Iheringia 9: 45 I -480. Schenck, N. C. 1982. Methods and principies of micorrhizal research. The American Phytopa thological Society, St. Paul.