Mapping Jamaica's Diaspora Project

MappingThe Jamaica’sMapping Diaspora Jamaica’s project Diaspora was funded Project by wasthe fundedIOM Development by the IOM Fund Development and commenced in DecemberFund 2013. and The commenced main goal of thisin projectDecember was to 2013. contribute The to project’sthe long term main economic goal developmentwas to of contribute to the long term economic development of Jamaica through the Jamaicasupport through and the engagementsupport and engagement of the Jamaican of the Jamaican diaspora. diaspora. A major A major component component of thethe project was theproject development was the of developmentan online survey of to an facilitate online data survey collection to facilitate specifically data focusing collecti on diaspon ora demographicsspeciﬁ cally including focusing sex, location, on diaspora skills, education demographics level and includingwillingness sex,to contribute locati on,to the skills, country’s development.educati Inon order level to obtain and the willingness required information to contribute three types ofto survey the form country’s have been development.developed; In order to obtain the required informati on, three types of survey form were omnibusdeveloped; (general) theform, omnibus specialized (general) form and form, diaspora the specializedgroups/organizations/a form andssociations the diaspora form. All Jamaicangroups/organizati Missions and Consulates ons/associati overseas wereons informedform. All and Jamaican engaged in Missionsthe promotion and ofConsulates the project and the collectionoverseas of data.were The informed results of and these engaged surveys are in containedthe promoti in this onreport. of the project and the collecti on of data. The results of these surveys are contained in this report. PREPARED BY: RicardoPREPARED Edwards BY: Ricardo Edwards

SUBMITTEDSUBMITTED TO AND TOREVIEWED AND REVIEWED BY: BY: InternationalThe Internati Organization onal for Organizati Migration (IOMon for) Migrati on (IOM) KingstonKingston,, JAMAICA JAMAICA

This publicati on has been published without formal editi ng by IOM. This publication© 2017 Internati has been publishedonal Organizati without formal on for editing Migrati by IOM. on © 2017______International Organization for Migration ______All rights reserved. No part of this publicati on may be produced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitt ed in any form or by any means, electronic, All rightsmechanical, reserved. No photocopying, part of this publication recording, may be produced, or otherwise stored in without a retrieval priorsystem, writtor transmitted en in anypermission form or by anyof themeans, publisher. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher.

2 1 ACRONYMS

BPO Business Processing Outsourcing

CARICOM Caribbean Community

CARIFORUM Caribbean Forum

CBO Community-Based Organizations

CMP Communication Master Plan

EU European Union

EPA Economic Partnership Agreement

ICT Information Communication and Technology

IOM International Organization for Migration

JIFFD Jamaican International Female Football Development Inc.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 4

2. INTRODUCTION...... 15

3. METHODOLOGY...... 16 2.1 Sample Design...... 16 2.2 Survey Instrument...... 16 2.3 Data Collecti on...... 16 2.4 Data Entry and Analysis...... 17 2.5 Report Preparati on...... 17

4. DETAILED FINDINGS — INDIVIDUAL DATA...... 18 4.1 Proﬁ le of Respondents...... 18 3.2 Capacity of the Diaspora...... 26 3.3 Involvement in Jamaica...... 32 3.4 Level of Engagement...... 44 3.5 Communicati on Analysis...... 47 3.6 Investment and Business Prospects ...... 50 3.7 Experience and Awareness of Trade Agreements...... 58 3.8 Assistance with Educati on...... 58

5. DETAILED FINDINGS — GROUP DATA...... 59 4.1 Proﬁ le of Organizati ons...... 59 4.2 Challenges and Opportuniti es for Community-Based Organizati on...... 64

6. CONCLUSION...... 66

6. ANNEX...... 67

3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introducti on · In keeping with its mandate, the Internati onal Organizati on for Migrati on (IOM) in collaborati on with the Ministry of Foreign Aﬀ airs and Foreign Trade (MFAFT) conducted a mapping survey among a sample of Jamaicans living outside of the country1. · The principal aim of the survey was to determine the locati on, interest and skills of those who comprise the diaspora. · The survey consisted of two components: data provided by 2,321 individuals and data provided by 30 community-based organizati ons (CBOs) in the diaspora from June 2014 to September 2015.

Methodology · The survey collected targeted individuals and CBOs for data collecti on. Two separate semi-structured questi onnaires were uti lized: one completed by individuals and the other by CBOs. · The questi onnaires were designed and installed on a website developed for the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project which allowed members of the diaspora to not only access and complete the survey but also to receive informati on about Jamaica. · The data collected from the interviews were exported to Microsoft Excel and subsequently exported to IBM Stati sti cal Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for quanti tati ve analysis. · Closed-ended questi ons were analysed using quanti tati ve method of data analysis in the form of frequency, cross tabulati on and chi-square stati sti cs. · Open-ended questi ons were post coded and analysed themati cally.

1 The operati onal deﬁ niti on of Diaspora for the purpose of the research was any individual who was a Jamaican by birth, descent, marriage, naturalizati on, or registrati on and lives in another country apart from Jamaica at the ti me of the survey.

4 PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS- INDIVIDUAL DATA The survey captured data on the demographics of the respondents, which includes their sex, age group, marital status and country of residence: · Most of the individuals who completed the questi onnaire were females (56%); · The largest segment of respondents was the 45-65 age cohort, accounti ng for 48 per cent of the sample. The smallest was the 18 to 24 age group, representi ng 5 per cent of the sample; · A larger percentage of females than males were concentrated in the following age groups: 18 to 24, 25 to 44 and 45 to 64 age groups; · The 65 and older category had more males (61%) than females (39%); · Most 18 to 24 individuals were ‘single’ (97%) when compared to individuals 25 to 64 years old (50%) and individuals 65 and older who were married (55%); · The largest segment of the diaspora populati on who completed the survey resided in the United States of the America (42%), followed by the United Kingdom (32%) and Canada (14%)2; · The smallest segment of respondents resided in Caribbean countries that are not a part of CARICOM (i.e. Cuba and Anguilla), followed by African countries3; · The majority of respondents said that they have been living in their country of residence for ‘20 years or more’ (54%); · Eight in ten respondents revealed that they were Jamaicans through ‘birth’ (80%); · The majority of the respondents in the United States of America (53%), United Kingdom (46%), Canada (46%) and African countries (50%) were in the 45 to 64 age group.

Capacity of the Diaspora · The majority of respondents reportedly acquired terti ary level educati on (58%) with 29 per cent having a ﬁ rst degree, 23 per cent with master’s degree and 6% with a PhD degree. However, one in ﬁ ve

2 This is reflective of official data from the World Bank which indicates that the largest numbers of the Jamaican diaspora reside in the United States followed by the United Kingdom and then Canada. 3 African countries comprised: Algeria; Benin; Lesotho, Namibia; South Africa and Malawi.

5 either acquired high school educati on or vocati onal training; · Most respondents who were the holders of undergraduate degree (51%), master’s degree (51%) and PhD certi ﬁ cati on (56%) lived in the United States when compared to individuals living in other countries; · The largest segment of respondents with certi ﬁ cate/vocati onal training lived in the United Kingdom (44%), followed by United States of America (25%); · The largest segment of individuals with high school educati on was in the 18 to 24 age group (28%), followed by the 65 and older category (25%).

Area of Specializati on The survey captured data shared by the respondents regarding their areas of specializati on and current ﬁ elds of work. · The most common area of specializati on was ‘entrepreneurship’ (12%), followed by ‘educati on’ (11%) and the ‘medical ﬁ eld’ (9%); · ‘Entrepreneurship’ was the most common area of work for respondents (11%), followed by ‘educati on’ (10%) and ‘medical professions’ (8%); · There was a consistent, marginal decline in the percentage of respondents who were actually working in their respecti ve area(s) of specializati on.

Involvement in Jamaica The survey also sought to ascertain the last occasion respondents visited Jamaica and the various ways in which they contribute to the country’s development: · Almost one in every two individuals said that they visited Jamaica less than 12 months ago (from the date of the survey) (49%); · The largest segment of respondents who visited Jamaica less than 12 months ago was the 45 to 64 age segment (52%), followed by the 65 and older age category (48%); · The largest segment of respondents who were yet to visit Jamaica was the 18 to 24 age category (12%) and approximately one in every ten respondents have never visited Jamaica; · The largest segment of respondents who visited Jamaica less than 12 months ago was Jamaicans living in other CARICOM countries (65%), followed by Jamaicans living in the United States (55%) and Canada (50%);

6 · The largest segment of respondents to have not visited Jamaica in the last year was Jamaicans living in the United Kingdom (6%), followed by Jamaicans living in other parts of Europe (4%); · ‘Monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ was the most common area in which the respondents contributed to Jamaica (32%), followed by ‘in kind/non-monetary contributi on to family/friends (19%) and monetary charitable contributi ons (16%); · The least common areas in which respondents contributed to Jamaica were: ‘Pro Bono Work’ (6%), followed by investment (12%); · Residents of the United States of America were the largest segment of respondents to provide in kind non-monetary charitable contributi on to Jamaica, followed by residents of Canada (14%); · Residents of African countries were the largest segment to provide ‘In kind/non-monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ (28%), followed by residence from European countries (excluding UK) (22%); · Residents of ‘other European countries’ and CARICOM countries jointly accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica in the form of investment (16%); · ‘Residents of the rest of the world4’ accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica in the form of ‘monetary charitable contributi ons’ (21%), followed by residence of the United States of America (18%); · Residents of Canada represented the largest percentage of respondents to provide ‘monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ living in Jamaica (38%); · Individuals in the 18 to 24 age group were the largest segment of the sample to provide in kind non-monetary charitable contributi on to Jamaica, followed by individuals in the 65 years and older group (14%); · Individuals in the 25 to 44 years (33%) and 45 to 64 years (33%) age groups were jointly the largest segment to provide ‘monetary contributi ons to family/friends’; · The 65 years and older age group accounted for the largest percentage

4 The term ‘Rest of the world’ includes individuals living in the following countries: Afghanistan, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Mexico, China, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Colombia and Costa Rica

7 of respondents to provide ‘monetary charitable contributi ons’ (20%); · The 18 to 24 age group accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to provide ‘in kind non-monetary contributi ons to family/ friends’ (25%). The smallest was the 65 years and older age group (16%); · The 65 years and older age group accounted for the largest segment of respondents to provide ‘pro bono work’ (10%). The smallest was the 45 to 64 years old age group (5%); · Six in every ten individuals who contributed did so as individuals (61%).

Levels of Engagement Additi onally, the survey determined whether or not respondents are members of any CBOs: · Most were not members of any community-based group (71%); · Monetary contributi on was the most common form of support (37%) individuals provided to their respecti ve CBO, followed by professional skills to insti tuti ons (25%) and educati onal materials and equipment (21%); · The least common forms of support were: medical equipment and supplies (4%), medical missions (4%) and clothing (9%); · Knowledge transfer was the most common opti on respondents would be willing to support Jamaica’s development (37%), followed by volunteerism (35%) and community development (32%); · The least common form of support respondents would oﬀ er to Jamaica is remitt ances (13%), followed by reti rement (16%).

Communicati on Analysis The survey determined the varying channels respondents used to receive informati on about Jamaica: · Newspaper (17%) and social media (17%) were jointly the most common channels respondents used to obtain informati on about Jamaica, followed by word of mouth (14%) and websites and blogs (13%); · The least common channels were ‘Jamaican mission’ (4%) and e-mails (7%); · The most common method the 18 to 24 age cohort received informati on

8 about Jamaica was on social media (25%), followed by word of mouth (15%), Newspaper (15%) and Website and blogs (15%); · Similar to the 18 to 24 age group, social media was the most common platf orm the 25 to 44 age cohort used to receive informati on about Jamaica (19%), followed by newspaper (17%); · The 45 - 64 age group (18%) and the 65 years old and older cohort (20%) most common method of receiving informati on about Jamaica was through the newspaper; · The survey questi onnaire did not make it mandatory for respondents to specify the media outlets that he/she used to receive informati on about Jamaica but a few gave examples which are shown below: · West Indian Social Club · Jamaica Informati on Service · Linked In · Twitt er · Gleaner Jamaica online · Power 106 FM · YouTube - CVM News

Marketi ng of the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project Respondents were asked to indicate the source of their knowledge about the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project; · Approximately three in ten became of aware of the project through an embassy/consulate oﬃ ce (28%); · A quarter of respondents became aware of the mapping project through groups/associati ons (25%) in the diaspora; · Other avenues through which respondents learnt about the mapping project included: · Social networks (14%) · Online media (11%) · Internet search (7%) · Events (2%)

9 Investment and Business Prospect The survey captured data on investment and business prospect. Respondents were asked to indicate their interest in receiving informati on on business and investment opportuniti es in Jamaica: · Most (87%) said that they were interested in receiving informati on on business and investment prospect in Jamaica; · ‘General business informati on’ was in the most demand (47%), followed by investment related informati on (30%). The least common area that respondents said would interest them was: business for sale (6%): · The majority of respondents expressed an interest in forming a business relati onship with Jamaica; · Most of those who expressed an interest in establishing a business relati onship said that they would be prepared to invest within the next 1 to 5 years (83%);

Respondents who expressed an interest in receiving informati on on business and investment opportuniti es in Jamaica provided the below explanati ons: · Exploring viable business opportuniti es (49%); · Contributi ng to the development of the country (27%); · Planning on returning to Jamaica to live (12%); · Reti rement planning (7%);

Respondents who were not interested in receiving informati on on business and investment opportuniti es in Jamaica also provided the following explanati ons: · A general ‘lack of interest in investi ng at this ti me’ (29%); · This was followed by percepti ons of high levels of corrupti on in the country (16%) and high crime rate (13%).

Sectors of Interest and Business Opportuniti es Respondents who expressed an interest in investi ng in Jamaica were asked to indicate the sector in which they would be interested in investi ng: · The service sector which equaled to 58 per cent of the responses. Of this total, 20 per cent of respondents speciﬁ ed ‘tourism’; · Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) which accounted for 16 per cent of the responses, agriculture (15%) and manufacturing (8%).;

10 The survey also captured the business opportuniti es respondents were interested in pursuing to form a business relati onship with Jamaica: · The most common response was ‘starti ng own business’ (37%), following by partnering with a Jamaican business (25%) and importi ng Jamaican products (14%); · The least common responses were ‘buying Jamaican government bonds’ (3%) and investi ng in the Jamaican stock market (5%);

Involvement in Investment and Business in Jamaica Respondents were asked to indicate what they believed were the factors that accounted for limited involvement of respondents in investment and business in Jamaica. Respondents believed that the following played a major role: · They had ‘limited awareness of business opportuniti es’ in Jamaica (21%); · The reality of Jamaica’s high crime and violence rates (20%); · Lack of trust in potenti al business partners living in Jamaica (13%); · Lack of stability in the economy (11%); · The diﬃ culty in doing business in Jamaica (10%);

Respondents were then asked to indicate acti ons they would recommend that the Government of Jamaica to improve the involvement of the diaspora in business and investment: · The result showed that the most common recommendati on respondents made regarding improving investment of Jamaicans living overseas in Jamaica was to ‘improve communicati on’ (32%). · The second most common suggesti on to improve the involvement of the diaspora was to: ‘increase transparency and accountability’ (13%), followed by controlling crime and violence (12%) and improving marketi ng (10%)

Assistance with Educati on Respondents were asked whether they currently provide any support to educati on in Jamaica: · The results showed that the majority said that they do not provide any support to educati on in Jamaica (60%). · Respondents’ support was aligned to their alma mater (73%);

11 · Nonetheless, 81 per cent expressed interest in assisti ng other schools;

Experience and Awareness of Trade Agreements The survey assessed respondents’ awareness of and experience using the provisions of free trade agreements. Respondents were asked whether they were aware of any benefi t under the existi ng trade agreements to which Jamaica is a signatory: · Approximately four in every fi ve respondents said that they were not aware of any such benefi ts (77%). The remainder, (23%) reported that they were aware of benefi ts under the existi ng trade agreement in which Jamaica is involved such as CARIFORUM-EU, EPA. · Most of respondents who were aware of at least one trade agreement indicated that they have never used the provision of Jamaica’s free trade to benefi t from importati on or exportati on of any product(s) (87%).

PROFILE OF ORGANIZATION- GROUP DATA Like the members who comprise the diaspora, a proﬁ le of the CBOs in the diaspora that parti cipated in the mapping survey was established.

Country of Origin/Establishment · Most parti cipati ng organizati ons (67%) were established in the United States of America while 13 per cent were established in the United Kingdom; · The smallest percentage was established in Canada (3%) and Japan (3%).

Years of Existence · Over half of the parti cipati ng organizati ons (57%) have been in existence for 10 years or less with 40 per cent being in existence for 1 to 5 years. · Seventeen per cent (17%) noted that their organizati on has been existence for 6 to 10 years; · A combined total of 43 per cent reported that they have been in operati on for eleven or more years. This included 17 per cent that have been in existence for the last 16 to 20 years and 23 per cent that have

12 been operati ng for over 25 years; · A combined total of 43% of parti cipati ng organizati ons reported that they have been in existence for ten years or more.

Mode of Interacti on Organizati ons Employ · The most common mode of interacti on organizati ons uti lized was ‘in person’ (67%), followed by teleconference (21%); · Other platf orms used to facilitate meeti ng of core team members in CBOs included: Google chat (3%); Skype (3%); e-mail (3%); and bi- annual conference (3%).

Frequency of Meeti ngs · More than half (52%) of the CBOs reported that they met on a monthly basis; · Fourteen per cent said that they met bi-monthly while 17 per cent met on a quarterly basis.

Membership Size · Forty-ﬁ ve per cent reported that they membership size was 1 to 20 individuals; · However, 31 per cent indicated that they have a membership of over 200 individuals.

Types of Support CBOs Off er · The most common type of support organizati ons off er to Jamaica includes social support (31%), followed by fi nancial support (28%) and in-kind support (23%); · Medical support (10%), employment opportuniti es (3%) and training (5%) were also amongst the list of support.

Challenges CBOs Face · The most common challenge organizati ons noted to have experienced was access to funding (46%); · This was followed by limited human resource (27%) and diﬃ culti es importi ng goods and services into Jamaica, as well as limited public educati on (15%).

13 Platf orms Used for Informati on Sharing · Organizati ons indicated their most preferred platf orms to share informati on with the diaspora; · The most common was social media (28%), primarily via Face book, followed by e-mailing (24%), website (16%) and events such as conference and meeti ngs (6%).

RECOMMENDATIONS From the data gathered and the informati on presented in this report, with respect to increasing the involvement of the diaspora in the Jamaican socioeconomic landscape, the following list of integrated recommendati ons was compiled: 1. Introduce or develop a public communicati on campaign to sensiti se the members of the diaspora about doing business in Jamaica. This includes the following: · Develop a Communicati on Master Plan (CMP) that synchronizes marketi ng and public relati ons eﬀ orts of the various ministries, departments and agencies involved in promoti ng business and investment opportuniti es overseas. The CMP will serve to target the enti re Jamaican diaspora, especially those who are not members of CBOs. The CMP should entail contemporary and non-contemporary communicati on tools to include: television, websites, printed media, radio and social media; · Design and implement an informati on communicati on and technology (ICT) portal to allow for informati on sharing/ gathering. The portal would contain: ₋ An online listi ng of investment opportuniti es; ₋ Business reports demonstrati ng which sectors are thriving, declining and stagnati ng; ₋ Publicati ons on untapped investment gems; ₋ Lists of partners and stakeholders by business category;

2. Review communicati on strategies and operati ons being uti lized to reach the Jamaican diaspora. Throughout said review process, ensure that the country’s strategies and operati ons are eﬃ cient and sensiti ve to criti cal factors such as age and educati onal characteristi csof

14 diaspora segments. The review of the communicati on strategies must be accompanied by: · An update of, or where absent, the creati on of a stakeholder registry to include, amongst others, the contact details for the Caribbean Chamber of Commerce’s country oﬃ ces; · An update of, or where absent, the creati on of a diaspora/ stakeholder data bank or databases to include names, e-mail addresses and other perti nent contact informati on; · The development and hosti ng of an oﬃ cial “Facebook” page for Jamaicans living overseas;

3. Introduce incenti ves that essenti ally present diaspora investors with a competi ti ve advantage. These incenti ves could include: · A tax relief category for members of the diaspora who invest in high growth sectors and scalable businesses; · Establishing business exchange programmes that facilitate diaspora members visiti ng Jamaica to see how their monies will be or are invested.

4. Increase ﬁ nancial and technical support to various non-governmental CBOs and committ ees in the diaspora to strengthen the processes and structures of said organizati ons. Technical support would entail training CBO members in proposal writi ng for donor funding, entrepreneurship, ﬁ nancial management and so forth;

5. Establish a body that would functi on as a ‘one-stop shop’ for business development and provide support services to individuals in the diaspora seeking to invest or expand investment in Jamaica;

6. Conduct and support events and functi ons in the diaspora that facilitate interacti on and networking opportuniti es between the diaspora and business interests in Jamaica. Examples of events are: · Diaspora investment seminars; · Town hall meeti ngs; · Junior Market investors seminars detailing how to invest in companies listed on the Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange;

15 7. Conduct an audit of the service delivery points and insti tuti ons responsible for providing business development and investment related informati on to the diaspora with the view of streamlining eﬀ orts and creati ng a coherent approach. This strategy would improve the eﬃ ciency with which Jamaica communicates business opportuniti es to the diaspora and may also improve the response ti me of diaspora members;

8. Develop or re-examine existi ng strategic partnerships with insti tuti onal stakeholders to consider the establishment of a ‘Community Outreach Division’ in Jamaican Embassies/High Commissions. The Community Outreach Division would be responsible for the disseminati on of informati on to members of the Jamaican diaspora living within its environs.

16 2 | INTRODUCTION

The Internati onal Organizati on for Migrati on (IOM) is the principal intergovernmental organizati on in the ﬁ eld of migrati on that provides services and advice concerning migrati on to governments, non-governmental organizati ons, intergovernmental partners and migrants alike. In keeping with its mandate, the IOM in collaborati on with the Ministry of Foreign Aﬀ airs and Foreign Trade implemented the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project to determine the locati on, interests and skills of individuals who compose the diaspora, as well as the concerns they may have regarding Jamaica and their country of residence. Additi onally, the mapping project sought to identi fy ways in which the diaspora would be willing to contribute to the development of Jamaica. This informati on was gathered using surveys which were primarily available online (hosted on IOM’s platf orm) and in limited printed copies. The sample was exclusively composed of Jamaicans living outside of the country, and targeted said units of analysis as individuals and within diaspora group structures.

The collecti on of the data resulted in the development of a detailed sociodemographic proﬁ le of the diaspora which includes informati on concerning their professional and technical capaciti es. The study also aimed to: 1. Identi fy opportuniti es to engage the diaspora in economic acti viti es; 2. Describe their current level of involvement in Jamaica; 3. Determine their level of engagement; and 4. Assess opportuniti es to communicate and share informati on with the diaspora

The project was launched in December 2013 and concluded in September 2015.

17 3 | METHODOLOGY

A quanti tati ve method of research was uti lised in order to meet the objecti ves of the study. Questi onnaires were designed and disseminated to collect feedback. Various stakeholders in the diaspora were also contacted with the view of sensiti zing individuals about the objecti ves of the survey and to solicit parti cipati on from eligible individuals.

3.1 SAMPLE DESIGN The survey targeted the Jamaican diaspora. The operati onal deﬁ niti on of diaspora, for the purpose of the research, was any individual who is a Jamaican by birth, descent, marriage, naturalizati on or registrati on, and lives in a country other than Jamaica at the ti me of the survey. As such, the eligibility criteria for parti cipati ng in the survey were: · Being a Jamaican; and · Living outside of Jamaica at the ti me of the survey.

A combinati on of purposive and convenience sampling strategies were employed in the selecti on of the respondents. This resulted in a parti cipati ng total of two thousand, three hundred and twenty-one (2,321) individuals. From the 2,321 respondents, 23 were excluded from the analysis because they failed to meet one of two eligibility criteria for parti cipati ng in the survey; that is, said respondents recorded their current place of residence as Jamaica. As a result, the ﬁ nal data set totalled 2,298 respondents.

Additi onally, the sample includes thirty (30) CBOs, each of which completed a tailored questi onnaire.

3.2 SURVEY INSTRUMENT Three separate semi-structured questi onnaires, consisti ng of open and closed- ended questi ons, were administered through the link www.mapjadiaspora.iom. int. They were the omnibus (general) form, the specialized form and the diaspora groups/organizati ons/associati ons form. The general survey sought to obtain informati on from individual diaspora members while the diaspora group form captured data from CBOs operati ng overseas.

18 3.3 DATA COLLECTION A special website, hosted on IOM’s platf orm, was created for the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project – www.mapjadiaspora.iom.int – and launched globally on June 6, 2014. The questi onnaires were uploaded onto the website in order to make the instrument more accessible to members of the diaspora. The collecti on of the data spanned approximately sixteen months, commencing June 2014 and ending September 2015. Hard copies of the survey were also accessible to members of the diaspora at embassies and consulates overseas which were, upon completi on, sent to Jamaica for recording.

3.4 DATA ENTRY AND ANALYSIS The data collected from the surveys were edited and entered into Microsoft Excel and subsequently exported to the IBM Stati sti cal Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for quanti tati ve analysis in the form of frequency, cross tabulati on and chi-square stati sti cs. Qualitati ve data were analysed themati cally using the Excel soft ware.

3.5 REPORT PREPARATION The completed questi onnaires were processed, analysed and reported on in this Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Stati sti cal Report. The report was prepared to provide answers to questi ons and graphical illustrati ons of relevant data that are in keeping with the objecti ves of the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Project and its associated surveys.

19 4 DETAILED FINDINGS — INDIVIDUAL DATA

3. DETAILED FINDING — INDIVIDUAL DATA 3. DETAILED FINDING — INDIVIDUAL DATA 4.1 3.1 PROFILEProfile of OFRespondents RESPONDENTS 3.1 Profile of Respondents Sex • Sex • MostMost of ofthe Sex theindividuals individuals who completed who completedthe questionnaire the were questi females onnaire (56%). Forty were-four females per cent were malesMost(56%). of(Refer the Forty-four toindividuals figure 1). per who centcompleted were the males questionnaire (Refer towere ﬁ gure females 1). (56%). Forty-four per cent were Figuremales (Refer1: Distribution to figure of1). respondents by gender Figure 1: Distribution of respondents by gender Gender Gender

Male Male44% Female 44% Female56% 56%

Age Group • Age Group • WithWith respect respectAge to the Group to age the group age ofgroup individuals, of individuals, the largest segment the largest was the segment 45-65 age wascohort the, accounting 45 for With48to per 65 respect cent age of cohort,to the the sample. age accounti group The smallestof individuals, ng for was 48the the 18per largest-24 cent age segment group,of the representing wassample. the 45 -65 The5% age of smallest thecohort sample., accounting was The 25 -for44 the 18 to 24 age group, representi ng 5 per cent of the sample. The 25 to 44 48age per group cent accounted of the sample. for 40 The per smallest cent of respondentswas the 18-24 (Refer age group,to figure representing 2). 5% of the sample. The 25-44 age group accounted for 40 per cent of respondents (Refer to ﬁ gure 2). ageFigure group 2: Distribution accounted forof r40espondents per cent of by respondents age group (Refer to figure 2). Figure 2: Distribution of respondents by age group Age Group 65 years and Age Group 18-24 years 65 yearsolder and 5% older7% 18-24 years 7% 5%

25-44 years 25-4440% years 45-64 years 40% 45-6448% years 48%

19 Marital• StatusMarital Status

The majority• Marital of Status the sample was either ‘single’ (40%) or ‘married’ (44%). WithHowever, respect toapproximately marital status, t he one majority in ten of the said sample that was s/he either was ‘single ‘divorced’’ (40%) or (11%),‘married ’ (44%).

However,while the approximately remainder one indicated in ten said that that s/he they was were‘divorced either’ (11%) a while ‘widow(er)’ the others indicated(2%) or that they With respect to marital status, the majority of the sample was either ‘single’ (40%) or ‘married’ (44%). were‘separated’ either ‘widow(er) (3%) (Refer’ (2%) or to ‘separated ﬁ gure ’3). (3%) (Refer to figure 3). However, approximately one in ten said that s/he was ‘divorced’ (11%) while the others indicated that they Figure 3: Distribution of respondents by marital status were either ‘widow(er)’ (2%) or ‘separated’ (3%) (Refer to figure 3). Marital Status Figure 3: DistributionWidow(er), of respondents by marital status 2% Separated, Marital Status 3% Widow(er), Divorced,2% Separated, 11% 3% Divorced, 11% Single, 40%

Married, 44% Single, 40%

Married, 44%

• Country of Residence Country of Residence Respondents were asked to indicate their country of residence. The result showed that over sixty different Respondents• Country were of Residenceasked to indicate their country of residence. The results countries were enumerated by respondents as country of residence, across six contingents. Respondentsshowed that were over asked sixty to indicate diﬀ erent their countriescountry of residence. were enumerated The result showed by respondents that over sixty different Figure 4: Shows continents Respondents live countriesas country were ofenumerated residence, by respondents across six as conti country ngents of residence, (Refer across to ﬁsix gure contingents 4). . Figure 4: Shows continents Respondents live

21 20 The largest segment of respondents resided in the United States of the The largestAmerica segment (42%),of respondents followed resided by inthe the United United States Kingdom of the (32%)America and (42%), Canada followed (14%). by the United KingdomThe lowest (32%) and share Canada resided (14%). The in lowest Caribbean share resided countries in Caribbean that countries are not that a partare not of a 5 part of CARICOMCARICOM (i.e. Cuba (i.e. and Cuba Anguilla), and followed Anguilla), by African followed countries by6. The African other respondents countries were. Thefrom CARICOMother countries respondents (7%), ‘other European were countriesfrom CARICOM7’ (2%), ‘Rest countriesof the World 8(7%),’ (2%), African‘other countries European (1%) countries6’ (2%), ‘Rest of the World7’ (2%), African countries (1%) and ‘other and ‘other Caribbean countries’ (0%) (Refer to figure 5). Caribbean countries’ (0%) (Refer to ﬁ gure 5).

Figure 5: Shows distribution of respondents by country of residence

Distribution of Respondents by Country of Residence 100% R 90% e 80% s 70% p % o 60%

n 50% 42% o d f 40% 32% e 30% n 20% 14% t 7% s 10% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0% United UK Canada CARICOM Other Rest of the African Other States Countries European World Countries Caribbean countries countries Country

Years Living in Country of Residence • RespondentsYears Living in were Country asked of Residenceto indicate how long they have been living in Respondentstheir were current asked to country indicate howof residence. long they have The been majority living in theirindicated current 20country years of residence.or The majoritymore indicated (54%), 20 yearsfollowed or more by (54%) 15 , perfollo wedcent by who 15 per have cent whobeen have living been inliving their in their current current country ofcountry residence offor residence11-15 years. forHowever, 11 to the 15 smallest years. segment However, (9%) has the been smallest living in segmentthe country for (9%) has been living in their country of current residence for 6 to 10 years 6-10 years (Refer to figure 6). (Refer to ﬁ gure 6).

6 African5 African cou countriesntries comprised: comprised: Algeria Algeria,, Benin Benin,, Lesotho, Lesotho, Namibia Namibia,, South South Africa Africa,, and Malawi.and Malawi. 7 Other6 Other European European countries countries includes includes:: Aland Aland Islands, Islands, Austria, Austria, Belgium, Belgium, Denmark, Denmark, Finland, Finland, France, France, Germany, Germany, Italy, Italy, Malta, Poland, Malta, Russia Poland,n Federation Russian, Slovenia,Federation, Spain, Slovenia, Serbia, Spain, Turke Serbia,y, Switzerland Turkey, and Switzerland Sweden. and Sweden. 8 Rest7 Rest of ofthe the world world category category includes includes individuals individuals living living in thein the following following countries countries:: Afghanistan, Afghanistan, Japan, Japan, Brazil, Brazil, Australia, Mexico, Australia, China, Mexico, Thailand, China, Saudi Thailand, Arabia, Qatar, Saudi Colombia Arabia, Qatar, and Costa Colombia Rica. and Costa Rica.

22 21 Figure 6: Distribution of respondents by years living in country of residence Figure 6: Distribution of respondents by years living in country of residence Number of Years Living in Country of Residence Number of Years Living in Country of Residence 100% 100%

80%

80% 60% 54% 60% 54%

40%

40% 15% 14%

9% 20% 9% 15% 14% 9% 20% 9% 0% 0% 0-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 15-20 years 20 years and 0-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 15-20 years 20above years and above Years Years

Jamaican• Jamaican Heritage Heritage • Jamaican Heritage Respondents indicated their Jamaican heritage. Eight in ten revealed that Respondents indicated their Jamaican heritage. Eight in ten revealed that they are Jamaicans by ‘birth’ Respondentsthey are Jamaicans indicated their by ‘birth’Jamaican (80%). heritage. Approximately Eight in ten revealed two thatin ten they are are Jamaicans Jamaicans by ‘birth’ (80%). Approximately two in ten are Jamaicans by ‘descent’ (18%) (Refer to figure 7). (80%).by ‘descent’ Approximately (18%) two (Refer in ten are to Jamaicans ﬁ gure 7). by ‘descent’ (18%) (Refer to figure 7). Figure 7: Distribution of respondents by Jamaican heritage Figure 7: Distribution of respondents by Jamaican heritage Jamaican Heritage

Jamaican Heritage

100%

100% 80%

80% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40%

40% 18%

20% 18%

1% 1% 20% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% Jamaican by Jamaican by Jamaican by Jamaican by Jamaican by Jamaicanbirth by Jamaicandescent by marriageJamaican by naturalizationJamaican by registrationJamaican by birth descent marriage naturalization registration Responses Responses

IssuesIssues and and Concerns Concerns in Country in Country of Residence of Residence Issues and Concerns in Country of Residence RespondentsRespondents were wereasked to asked indicate toissues indicate and concerns their in issuesyour country and of concernsresidence. The in results their showed Respondents were asked to indicate issues and concerns in your country of residence. The results showed thatcountry one in of three residence. had job opportunitiesThe results challenge showeds (34 that%). oneA similar in three portion had indicated challenges that they had that one in three had job opportunities challenges (34%). A similar portion indicated that they had immigrationwith job policy opportuniti challenges es (34%). (34%). Other A mainsimilar concerns porti included: on indicated integration of that migrants they had(13%), immigratiimmigration policyon policychallenges challenges(34%). Other main(34%). concerns Otherincluded: mainintegration concerns of migrants included: (13%), portability/transfer of pension (8%), and portability/ transfer of health benefits (5%). integratiportability/transfer on of of pension migrants (8%), and (13%), portability/ portability/transfer transfer of health benefits of (5%). pension (8%), and Six per cent of respondents’ specified concerns that were outside of the above (refer to figure 8). These portability/Six per cent of transfer respondent ofs’ healthspecified beneﬁ concerns ts that (5%). were outside of the above (refer to figure 8). These included: included: o Crime and violence related issues o Crime and violence related issues

22 22

23 Six per cent of respondents’ speciﬁ ed concerns that were unrelated to the above (refer to ﬁ gure 8). These included: o Cost and ·access Crime to education and violence related issues o High cost· of livingCost and access to educati on o Youth unemployment· High cost of living o Weather ·conditions Youth unemployment · Weather conditi ons o Race inequality · Race inequality o Lack of a Jamaican consulate in country of residence · Lack of a Jamaican consulate in country of residence

Figure 8: Main concerns in country of residence

Main Concerns in Country of Residence

Imigration Policies 34% Job Opportunities 34% Integration of Migrants 13% Portability of Pension 8% Portability of Health Insurance 5% Other 6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % of respondents

IssuesIssues and and Concerns Concerns in in Jamaica Jamaica RespondentsRespondents were were asked to toindicate indicate main concerns the main that they concerns have with that Jamaica. they The have results with showed that Jamaica.the most The common results concern showed was with that the economythe most (25%), common followed byconcern security (22%) was, andwith job opportunitiesthe economy (25%), followed by security (22%), and job opportuniti es (15%). The (15%). The other concerns were related to: health (14%), education (11%), and poor service delivery by other concerns were related to: health (14%), educati on (11%), and poor service deliverygovernment by government entities (6%) .enti Four perti escent (6%). of respondent Four per specify cent other of factorsrespondent to include specify (refer to other figure 9): factors to include (refer to ﬁ gure 9): o Poor infrastructure· Poor (roads infrastructure and information (roads technology) and informati on technology) o Weak leadership· Weak in government leadership in government · High land prices o High land prices

23 24 Figure 9: Main concerns in Jamaica Figure 9: Main concerns in Jamaica Main Concerns in Jamaica Main Concerns in Jamaica Economy 25% EconomySecurity 22% 25% Job OpportunitiesSecurity 15% 22% Job OpportunitiesHealth 14%15% EducationHealth 11% 14% Service delivery by governmentEducation 6% 11% Service Investmentdelivery by Opportunitygovernment 4% 6% Investment OpportunityOther 4% Other 0% 5%4% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 0% 5% 10%% of respondents15% 20% 25% 30% % of respondents

Research Questi on #1: Is there a stati sti cal diﬀ erence in the age breakdown of Research Question #1: Is there a statistical difference in the age breakdown of the the RespondentsRespondentsResearch Question by by gender gender? #1?: Is there a statistical difference in the age breakdown of the Respondents by gender? A chi-square test was conducted to determine the breakdown of males and femalesA chi by-square age testgroup. was conducted The results to determine were consistent breakdown ofwith males the and above females results. by age group There. The results werewereA more chi -consistesquare females testnt with was than theconducted above males results. to in determine the There sample werebreakdown more in each females of males of thanthe and males agefemales segments,in theby agesample group within. eachThe resultsof the the exceptiwereage segments consiste on ,ofnt with withthe the the65 except aboveyearsion results. ofand the older65There years weresegment. and more older femalessegment. than males in the sample in each of the ageIn the segments 65 years, with and the older except group,ion ofthere the 65were years more and males older segment.(61%) than females (39%). Overall, the findings In theshowedIn 65 the years 65 that years andmore and older females older group, group,were among there werethe were respondents more more males males than (61%) males (61%) than and females than that they females(39%) are. Overall concentrated (39%)., the findings in the Overall,showedfollowing the that ageﬁ ndings more groups: females showed18-24, were 25- 44 thatamong and 45more the-64 respondents with females the exception thanwere males of among the and 65 thatand the olderthey respondents arecategory concentrated that ha d inmore the than males and that they are concentrated in the following age groups: 18 to 24, malesfollowing (61%) age than groups: females 18-24, (39%) 25- 44(Refer and to45 table-64 with 1). the exception of the 65 and older category that had more 25 to 44 and 45 to 64 with the excepti on of the 65 and older category that had males (61%) than females (39%) (Refer to table 1). more males (61%) than females (39%) (Refer to table 1). Table 1: Shows the association between age group and gender of respondents GenderTable 1: Shows the associationAge between Group age group and gender of respondents Gender Total 18Age-24 Group 25-44 45-64 65 and older Total 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 and older Male 1,026 44% 45 38% 354 38% 523 47% 104 61% FemaleMale 1,294026 56%44% 7445 62%38% 573354 62%38% 580523 53%47% 67104 39%61% TotalFemale 21,294322 100%56% 11974 100%62% 927573 100%62% 1580,103 100%53% 17167 100%39% Total 2,322 100% 119 100% 927 100% 1,103 100% 171 100% (χ² = 39, df=3,p=0.000 cc=0.129)

(χ² = 39, df=3,p=0.000 cc=0.129) Research Question #2: Is there a statistical difference in the age breakdown of Respondents byResearch marital Question status? #2: Is there a statistical difference in the age breakdown of Respondents by marital status?

24 25 Research Questi on #2: Is there a stati sti cal diﬀ erence in the age breakdown of respondents by marital status?

A chi-square test was conducted to determine the breakdown of respondents by age group and by marital status. The results showed that most 18 to 24 individuals were ‘single’ (97%) when compared to the majority of 65 and older who were married (55%). One in two individuals in the 25 to 44 age group (50%) of 65 and older who were married (55%). One in two individuals in the 25 to 44 age group (50%) and almost and almost one in three in the 45 to 64 age group indicated his/her marital status as ‘single’.one in threeHalf inof the the 45 45 to to64 age64 agegroup segment indicated his/her was married marital status (51%). as ‘single’. However, Half of almost the 45 to 64 age threesegment in ten was individuals married (51%). in However,the 65 almostyears threeand inolder ten individuals group inwere the 65 either years and divorced older group were (16%)either or divorced a widow(er) (16%) or (12%),a widow(er) representi (12%), representing ng the the largest segment segment of divorcee/widow(er) of divorcee/ in the widow(er)study when in the compared study to when the other compared segments (Refer to the to othertable 2). segments (Refer to table 2).

Table 2: Shows the association between age group and marital status of respondents Marital Age Group Status Total 18‐24 25‐44 45‐64 65 and older

Single 895 40% 113 97% 446 50% 310 29% 26 16% Married 973 44% 4 3% 340 38% 539 51% 90 55% Divorced 241 11% 0 0% 68 8% 146 14% 27 16% Widow(er) 43 2% 0 0% 8 1% 16 2% 19 12% Separated 71 3% 0 0% 26 3% 42 4% 3 2% Total 2,,225 100% 117 100% 888 100% 1055 100% 165 100%

(χ² = 3.66, df=15,p=0.000 cc=0.376)

Research Question 3 #: What is the age breakdown of respondents in the respective countries?

The majority of respondents from the United States of America were in the 45 to 64 age group. The largest segment of respondents from the United Kingdom (46%), Canada (46%) and African countries was also in the 45 to 64 age group. However, the largest segment of respondents living in ‘other European countries’ (54%) as well as the ‘rest of the world’ (54%) was in the 25 to 44 age group. As it relates to the country with the highest percentage of senior citizens, the data showed that ‘other European countries’ (14%) accounted for the highest percentage of senior citizens in the sample, followed by Canada (11%) (Table 3).

Table 3: Shows the association between age group and gender of respondents Country of Age Group residence Total 18‐24 25‐44 45‐64 65 and older

United States 961 100% 35 4% 338 35% 513 53% 75 8% United Kingdom 742 100% 47 6% 312 42% 338 46% 45 6% Canada 319 100% 15 5% 124 39% 146 46% 34 11% 26 Caribbean 167 100% 13 8% 84 50% 62 38% 8 5% Countries Other European 50 100% 3 6% 27 54% 13 26% 7 14%

24 Research Questi on #3: What is the age breakdown of respondents inthe respecti ve countries?

The majority of respondents from the United States of America were in the 45 to 64 age group. The largest segment of respondents from the United Kingdom (46%), Canada (46%) and African countries was also in the 45 to 64 age group. However, the largest segment of respondents living in ‘other European countries’ (54%) as well as the ‘rest of the world’ (54%) was in the 25 to 44 age group. As it relates to the country with the highest percentage of senior citi zens, the data showed that ‘other European countries’ (14%) accounted for the highest percentage of senior citi zens in the sample, followed by Canada (11%) (Table 3).

Table 3: Shows the association between age group and gender of respondents Country of Age Group residence Total 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 and older

United States 961 100% 35 4% 338 35% 513 53% 75 8% United Kingdom 742 100% 47 6% 312 42% 338 46% 45 6% Canada 319 100% 15 5% 124 39% 146 46% 34 11% Caribbean 167 100% 13 8% 84 50% 62 38% 8 5% Countries Other European 50 100% 3 6% 27 54% 13 26% 7 14% countries African 18 100% 0 0% 8 44% 9 50% 1 6% countries Rest of the 39 100% 4 10% 21 54% 14 36% 0 0% World Total 2,296 100% 117 100% 914 100% 1,095 100 170 100%

(χ² = 65.006, df=21 ,p=0.000 cc=0.166)

4.2 CAPACITY3.2 Capacity OF of THEthe Diaspora DIASPORA

Educati onal• LevelEducational Level RespondentsRespondents provided provided datadata on on their their highest highest level of level education. of educati The data on.showed The that data the showedmajority attained that thetertiary majority level education att ained (58%). terti Of that ary total, level 29% possessededucati undergraduateon (58%). Ofeducation, that total, 23% earned 29 per masters cent possessedand 6% were holdersundergraduate of a PhD (Figure educati 10). on, 23 per cent earned masters and 6 per cent were holders of a PhD (Figure 10). Figure 10: Distribution of respondents by educational attainment

Distribution of Respondents by Education Level 100% R 90% e 80% s 70% p % o 60%

n 50% o d f 40% 29% e 30% 22% 23% n 20% 20% t 6% s 10% 0% High School Vocational First Degree Masters Degree PhD Degree Education Educational Levels

Research Questi on # 4: In which country did the most respondents with terti ary educatiResearch on reside? Question # 4: In which country did the most respondents with tertiary education reside? Data Dataon educati on educational onal levellevel was was disaggregated disaggregated by country by country of residence of .residence. The largest segmentThe largest of individuals segmentwith undergraduateof individuals degree with (51%), undergraduate Masters (51%) anddegree PhD education (51%), master’s(56%) lived degreein the United (51%) States when and PhD educati on (56%) lived in the United States when compared to other compared to other countries. countries.

The largestThe largest segment segment of of respondents respondents with High with School High education School lived educati in United Kingdomon lived (45%), in followed the by Unitedthe Kingdom United States (45%), of followed America by(32%). the United Similarly, States the oflargest America segment (32%). of Similarly,respondents with the largestcertificate/vocational segment of training respondents lived in the with United certi Kingdom ﬁ cate/vocati (44%), followed onal by training United States lived of inAmerica the United(25%). Kingdom (44%), followed by United States of America (25%) (Refer to table 4).

28 4.2 Capacity of the Diaspora

Educational Level

Respondents provided data on their highest level of education. The data showed that the majority attained tertiary level education (58%). Of that total, 29 per cent possessed undergraduate education, 23 per cent earned masters and 6 per cent were holders of a PhD (Figure 10).

Figure 10: Distribution of respondents by educational attainment

Distribution of Respondents by Education Level 100% R 90% e 80% s 70% p % o 60% n 50% o d f 40% 29% e 30% 22% 23% n 20% 20% t 6% s 10% 0% High School Vocational First Degree Masters Degree PhD Degree Education Educational Levels

Research Question # 4: In which country did the most respondents with tertiary education reside?

Data on educational level was disaggregated by country of residence. The largest segment of individuals with undergraduate degree (51%), master’s degree (51%) and PhD education (56%) lived in the United States when compared to other countries.

The largest segment of respondents with High School education lived in the United Kingdom (45%), followed by the United States of America (32%). Similarly, the largest segment of respondents with certificate/vocational training lived in the United Kingdom (44%), followed by United States of America (25%) (Refer to table 4).

Table 4: Shows disaggregation of respondents by country of residence by educational attainment Country of Educational Attainment Residence Total High School Certificate/ Undergraduate Master’s PhD Vocational Degree

United States 929 42% 144 32% 119 25% 329 51% 264 51% 73 56% 26 United 718 32% 200 45% 215 44% 165 25% 110 21% 28 22% Kingdom Canada 314 14% 40 9% 98 20% 107 16% 60 12% 9 7% Caribbean 166 7% 51 11% 34 7% 32 5% 37 7% 12 9% Countries Other 49 2% 9 2% 11 2% 7 1% 19 4% 3 2% European countries African 19 1% 0 0% 4 1% 2 0% 11 2% 2 2% countries Rest of the 37 2% 5 1% 4 1% 10 2% 15 3% 3 2% World Total 2,232 100% 449 100% 1485 100% 652 100% 516 100% 130 100%

(χ² = 65.006, df=21 ,p=0.000 cc=0.166)

ResearchResearch Question Questi # on5: Was# 5: thereWas any there difference any diﬀin the erence educational in the attainment educati of respondentsonal att ainment based on ofage respondents group? based on age group?

TheThe largest largest segment segment of individuals of individuals with high with school high education school was educati in the 18 toon 24 wasage ingroup the (28%), 18 to followed 24 age group (28%), followed by the 65 and older category (25%). Similarly, the 18 by the 65 and older category (25%). Similarly, the 18 to 25 age group contained the largest of individuals to 25 age group contained the largest of individuals with undergraduate degree, followedwith undergraduate by the 25degree, to 44followed age bygroup the 25 (31%). to 44 age However, group (31%). the However, 25 to the44 25 age to 44cohort age cohort accountedaccounted for for the thelargest largest portion of porti individuals on ofwith postgraduateindividuals master’s with degree postgraduate (27%), followed bymaster’s the degree45 to 64 (27%), age group followed (22%) and theby 65the and 45 older to category64 age (22%) group (refer (22%) to table and 5). the 65 and older category (22%) (refer to table 5).

27 TableTable 5: 5:Shows Shows disaggregation disaggregation of of respondents respondents by by age age group group by by educational educational attainment attainment EducationalEducational Attainment Attainment AgeAge Group Group TotalTotal 1818‐24‐24 yrs yrs 2525‐44‐44 yrs yrs 4545‐64‐64 yrs yrs 6565 yrsyrs andand olderolder HighHigh School School Education Education 449449 20%20% 3232 28%28% 174174 20%20% 202202 19%19% 4141 25%25% Diploma/VocationalDiploma/Vocational 485485 22%22% 1818 16%16% 161161 18%18% 259259 24%24% 4747 29%29% UndergraduateUndergraduate degree degree 652652 29%29% 5454 47%47% 270270 31%31% 300300 28%28% 2828 17%17% PostgraduatePostgraduate master’s master’s 515515 23%23% 1111 10%10% 237237 27%27% 231231 22%22% 3636 2222 degreedegree PostgraduatePostgraduate degree degree ‐ ‐ 130130 6%6% 0 0 0%0% 4343 5%5% 7575 7%7% 1212 7%7% PhDPhD TotalTotal 2,2312,231 100%100% 115115 100%100% 885885 100%100% 10671067 100%100% 164164 100%100%

(χ²( χ=² 68.006, = 68.006, df=12 df=12 ,p=0.000 ,p=0.000 cc=0.172) cc=0.172)

ResearchResearch Question Question Questi # 6:# on 6:Was Was# there6: there Was any any there difference difference any in indiﬀthe the erenceeducational educational in theattainment attainment educati of of respondents respondentsonal att ainmentbased based on on gender?ofgender? respondents based on gender?

TheThe disaggregation disaggregatidisaggregation of of theon the data ofdata the on on education dataeducation on by by educatigender gender showed showedon by that thatgender a ahigher higher showed percentage percentage that of of males amales higher (24%) (24%) percentage of males (24%) than females (17%) had high school educati on. thanthan females females (17%) (17%) had had high high school school education. education. However, However, a agreater greater portion portion of of females females (32%) (32%) than than males males However, a greater porti on of females (32%) than males (25%) possessed (25%) possessed undergraduate degree. A similar pattern was noted for males (22%) and females (24%) with undergraduate(25%) possessed undergraduate degree. A similardegree. A patt similar ern pattern was was noted noted for for malesmales (22%) (22%) and femalesand females (24%) with (24%)postpost graduate graduate with master’spost master’s graduate degree degree (Refer (Refer master’s to to table table 6).degree 6). (Refer to table 6).

TableTable 6: 6:Shows Shows disaggregation disaggregation of of respondents respondents by by gender gender by by educational educational attainment attainment EducationalEducational Attainment Attainment GenderGender TotalTotal MaleMale FemaleFemale

HighHigh school school education education 449449 20%20% 233233 24%24% 216216 17%17% Diploma/VocationalDiploma/Vocational 485485 22%22% 231231 23%23% 254254 20%20% UndergraduateUndergraduate degree degree 652652 29%29% 249249 25%25% 403403 32%32% PostgraduatePostgraduate master’s master’s 516516 23%23% 214214 22%22% 302302 24%24% degreedegree PostgraduatePostgraduate degree degree (PhD) (PhD) 130130 6%6% 6161 6%6% 6969 6%6% TotalTotal 2,2322,232 100%100% 988988 100%100% 1,2441,244 100%100%

AreasAreas of of Specialization Specialization

2828

30 Area of Specializati on Respondents were asked to indicate their area of specializati on. Subsequently, theyRespondents were alsowere asked asked to indicate to state their the area area of specialization. in which Subsequently, they are currently they were also working. asked to state The result showed that the most common areas of specializati on was the area in which they are currently working. The result showed that the most common areas of entrepreneurship (12%), followed by educati on (11%) and medical ﬁ eld (9%). Likewise,specialization entrepreneurship was entrepreneurship was (12%), the followedmost common by education area (11%) of work and medical for respondents field (9%). Likewise, (11%),entrepreneurship followed was by the educati most common on (10%) area ofmedical work for professions respondents (11%),(8%) followedand management by education (10%) andmedical leadership professions (6%). (8%) and management and leadership (6%).

TheThe responses responses to the to area the of area specialization of specializati and current on field andof work current of the respondents ﬁ eld of were work mapped. of the The respondentsresult showed anwere overall mapped. marginal Thedecline result in the showed percentage an of overall respondents marginal who were decline actually in theworking in percentagetheir respective of arearespondents of specialization. who As were an example, actually 12 workingper cent of in the their sample respecti had said ve that area they had of specializati on. As an example, 12 per cent of the sample had said that they specialized training in entrepreneurship. However, 11 per cent reported that they are currently involved in had specialized training in entrepreneurship. However, 11 per cent reported that theyentrepreneurship are currently (Refer involved to table 7). in entrepreneurship (Refer to table 7).

Table 7: Area of training versus area currently working by at least 4 per cent of respondents Areas Area of Specialization Area currently working in Trend

Frequency Per cent Frequency Per cent Entrepreneurship 283 12% 245 11%  Education 241 11% 221 10% 

Medical profession 214 9% 191 8%  Management and leadership 203 9% 139 6% 

Community/social work/advocacy 152 7% 120 5% 

Customer service 140 6% 103 5% 

Information and Communication 133 6% 102 4%  Technology Finance services sector 131 6% 104 5%  Engineering 109 5% 77 3% 

Vocational/technical skills 97 4% 86 4%  Public service and administration 95 4% 67 3% 

Other specialisations mentioned by at least 4 per cent of respondents are reflected in table 8 below.

Table 8: Area of training versus area currently working by less than % of respondents Area Area of Specialization Area currently working in Trend

Frequency Per cent Frequency Per cent 31

29 Other specialisati ons menti oned by at least 4 per cent of respondents are reﬂ ected in table 8 below. Table 8: Area of training versus area currently working by less than % of respondents Area Area of Specialization Area currently working in Trend

Frequency Per cent Frequency Per cent Construction 82 3.6% 71 3.1%  Non‐profit 73 3.2% 67 2.9% 

Public health 74 3.2% 58 2.5% 

Judiciary 72 3.1% 71 3.1% 

Journalism/media 66 3% 44 1.9% 

Counselling/psychology 64 2.8% 39 1.7% 

Creative industries 64 2.8% 51 2.2% 

Entertainment/performing arts 58 2.5% 35 1.5% 

Public relations/communications/marketing 58 2.5% 32 1.4% 

Faith‐based organization 52 2.3% 42 1.8% 

Human Resource Management and Development 51 2.2% 38 1.7% 

Agriculture 47 2% 23 1% 

Law enforcement 47 2% 29 1.3%  Public Policy and Legislation 47 2% 22 1% 

Youth worker 43 1.9% 29 1.3% 

Logistics management and procurement 40 1.7% 25 1.1% 

Sports and culture 37 1.6% 11 0.5% 

Training methodologies/Transfer of knowledge 36 1.6% 21 0.9%  processes Public finance management 35 1.5% 16 0.7% 

Retail operations 31 1.3% 33 1.4% 

Aviation 25 1.1% 21 0.9%  Architecture 23 1% 14 0.6% 

Supply chain management 29 1% 12 0.5% 

Human and social rights experts 20 0.9% 10 0.4% 

30 Area Area of Specialization Area currently working in Trend

Table 8: Area of training versus area currently working by less than % of respondents Frequency Per cent Frequency Per cent Area Area of Specialization Area currently working in Trend Disaster management/risk resilience 18 0.8% 6 0.3% 

Conflict resolution/peacebuilding 17 0.7% 9 0.4%  Frequency Per cent Frequency Per cent Construction 82 3.6% 71 3.1%  Humanitarian 16 0.7% 4 0.2%  Non‐profit 73 3.2% 67 2.9% 

Public health 74 3.2% 58 2.5%  Gender expert 14 0.6% 6 0.3% 

Judiciary 72 3.1% 71 3.1%  Oil and energy 13 0.6% 9 0.4%  Journalism/media 66 3% 44 1.9%   Counselling/psychology 64 2.8% 39 1.7%  Corrections (prison) management 12 0.5% 6 0.3%

Creative industries 64 2.8% 51 2.2%  Labour relations/recruitment 12 0.5% 6 0.3% 

Entertainment/performing arts 58 2.5% 35 1.5%  Shipping and maritime 10 0.4% 13 0.6%  Public relations/communications/marketing 58 2.5% 32 1.4%  Stevedoring 4 0.2% 1 0%  Faith‐based organization 52 2.3% 42 1.8%  Veterinary medicine 4 0.20% 2 0.10%  Human Resource Management and Development 51 2.2% 38 1.7%  Air traffic control 1 0% 1 0% 

Agriculture 47 2% 23 1% 

Law enforcement 47 2% 29 1.3% 

Public Policy and Legislation 47 2% 22 1% 

Youth worker 43 1.9% 29 1.3% 

Logistics management and procurement 40 1.7% 25 1.1% 

Sports and culture 37 1.6% 11 0.5% 

Training methodologies/Transfer of knowledge 36 1.6% 21 0.9%  processes Public finance management 35 1.5% 16 0.7% 

Retail operations 31 1.3% 33 1.4% 

Aviation 25 1.1% 21 0.9%  Architecture 23 1% 14 0.6% 

Supply chain management 29 1% 12 0.5% 

Human and social rights experts 20 0.9% 10 0.4%  31 33

30 4.3 INVOLVEMENT IN JAMAICA

4.3 Involvement in Jamaica 3.3The surveyInvolvement sought in Jamaica to ascertain the last occasion respondents visited Jamaica. The result showed that almost one in every two individuals visited Jamaica less TheThe survey survey sought sought to ascertainto ascertain the the last la occasionst occasion respondents respondents visited visited Jamaica. Jamai cThea. The result result showed showed that tha almostt almost than 12 months ago (from the date of the survey) (49%). Three in every ten said onethatone in everytheirin eve two rylast two individuals visit indivi dtouals visited Jamaica visited Jamaica Jamaica was less 2-5less than thanyears 12 months12 ago.mon ths ago Three ago (from (fro perthem thedate cent date of revealed theof thesurvey) survey that(49%).) (49%). ThreetheyThree in have every in ev enevertenry ten said saidvisited that that their theirJamaica. last las visitt visit to However, Jamaicato Jamaica was was almost2-5 2years‐5 years two ago. ago. inThree everyThree per per centten ce revealedrespondents’nt revealed that t htheyat they havelasthave never visit never visited to visited Jamaica Jamaica. Jama ica. was However Howeve either, almostr, almost6 to two 10 two in years inten every last (7%), tenvisit respondents to or Jamaica 11 or was ’ morelast either visit ago to 6 -J10 amaica(5%) years (Referwas (7% either) 11 6 orto moreto ﬁ 10gure agoyears (5%)11). (7%), (Refer or 11 to o figurer more 11 ago). (5%) (Refer to figure 11).

Figure 11: Shows distribution of respondents by last visit to Jamaica Figure 11: Shows distribution of respondents by last visit to Jamaica Distribution of Respondents by Last Vist to Jamaica 100% Distribution of Respondents by Last Vist to Jamaica 100%R R e 80% e 80%s s p 60% 49% p% 60% 49% % o o 40% 31% n no 40% 31% o d df 20% 7% 10% f e20% 10% 3% e n 7% 3% 0% n t 0% t Less than 12 2‐5 years ago 6‐10 years ago 11 of more years Never visit s Less than 12 2-5 years ago 6-10 years ago 11 of more years Never visit s months ago ago months ago ago Responses Responses

A A disaggregati disaggregation ofon the ofsub ‐ samplethe ofsub-sample respondents who of harespondentsve never visited Jamaica who r evealedhave thanevert of visited the DisaggregationJamaica revealed of Sub that-Sample of the of Respondents three per cent who neveror 70 visitedrespondents, Jamaica 53 per cent were three per cent or 70 respondents, 53 per cent were Jamaican by birth, 37 per cent were Jamaican by descent Jamaican by birth, 37 per cent were Jamaican by descent and 10 per cent were and 10 per cent were Jamaican by descent (Refer to table 9). ThreeJamaican per cent by of descentthe sample (Refer reported to that table they 9). never visited Jamaica. This accounted for 70 respondents.

Of the 70 respondents, 53% were Jamaican by birth, 37% were Jamaican by descent and 10% were Jamaican Table 9: Disaggregation of Sub‐Sample of Respondents who never visited Jamaica by descent (Table 9). Jamaican Heritage Frequency Per cent

Jamaican by birth 37 53% Jamaican by descent 26 37% Jamaican by marriage 7 10% Total 70 100%

Research Question # 7: Was there any difference in last visit to Jamaica by gender?

The survey disaggregated data on last visit to Jamaica by gender. The results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female respondents with respect to their last visit to Jamaica (Refer to figure 12).

32 34 33 Table 9: Disaggregation of Sub-Sample of Respondents who never visited Jamaica Jamaican Heritage Frequency Per cent Jamaican by birth 37 53% Jamaican by descent 26 37% Jamaican by Marriage 7 10% Total 70 100%

ResearchResearch Question Questi on# 7 : Was#7: there Was any there difference any in diff last erence visit to Jamaicain last by visit gender? to Jamaica by gender? The survey disaggregated data on last visit to Jamaica by gender. The results showed that there was no Thesignificant survey difference disaggregated between male data and femaleon last respondents visit to withJamaica respect by to theirgender. last visit The to Jamaica results (Refer showedto figure 12 that). there was no signifi cant diff erence between male and female respondents with respect to their last visit to Jamaica (Refer to fi gure 12).

Figure 12: Disaggregation of respondents by last visit to Jamaica by gender

Last Visit to Jamaica by Gender 100%

80%

60% 49% 48%

32%

40% 30%

10% 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 3% 0% Less than 12 2-5 years 6-10 years 11 years or more Never Visit months

Male Female

ResearchResearch QuestiQuestion on # 8#8:: Was Was there there any differenceany diff erence in the last in visitthe tolast Jamaica visit toby ageJamaica group? by age group? Unlike gender, noticeable differences existed in the data on last visit to Jamaica based on age groups. The Unlikelargest gender,segment ofnoti respondents ceable whodiff visitederences Jamaica existed less thanin the 12 monthsdata onago last was thevisit 45 to-64 Jamaicaage segment based(52%), onfollowed age groups.by the 65 Theand olderlargest age segmentcategory (48%). of respondentsThe smallest segment who ofvisited respondents Jamaica to have lessvisited than Jamaica 12 months less than 12 ago months was ago the was 45 the to 18 64-24 ageage group, group followed (52%), by thefollowed 25-44 age by group the (46%). 65 andFurther older analysis age revealed category that the (48%). largest The segment smallest of respondents segment who ofare respondentsyet to visit Jamaica to was have the 18- visited Jamaica less than 12 months ago was the 18 to 24 age group, followed by 24 age category (12%) as approximately one in every ten respondents have never visited Jamaica (Refer to the 25 to 44 age group (46%). Further analysis revealed that the largest segment offigu respondentsre 13). who are yet to visit Jamaica was the 18 to 24 age category (12%) as approximately one in every ten respondents have never visited Jamaica (Refer 34 to fi gure 13).

Figure 13: Disaggregation of respondents by last visit to Jamaica by age group

Last Visit to Jamaica by Age Group 100%

80%

60% 52%

48%

46%

39% 36% 35%

40% 33% 29%

20% 12%

11%

10% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 3% 3% 2% 0% Less than 12 2-5 years 6-10 years 11 years or more Never Visit months

18-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65 year and older

Research Questi on #9: Was there any diﬀ erence in the last visit to Jamaica by Research Question # 9: Was there any difference in the last visit to Jamaica by country of countryresidence? of residence?

Consistent with the disaggregati on by age group, diﬀ erences existed in the data Consistent with the disaggregation by age group, differences existed in the data on last visit to Jamaica by on last visit to Jamaica by country of residence. The results showed that the largestcountry segmentof residence. of The respondents results showed tothat visit the largest Jamaica segment less of thanrespondents 12 months to visit Jamaica ago wasless than Jamaicans12 months agoliving was inJamaicans other CARICOMliving in other countries CARICOM countries (65%), (65%)followed, followed by byJamaicans Jamaicans livingliving in the inUnited the United States (55%) States and Canada(55%) (50%).and Canada (50%).

JamaicansJamaicans living living in Canada in Canada account account for the largest for the percentage largest of percentagerespondents to of visit respondents Jamaica in the lastto 2-5 visit Jamaica in the last 2 to 5 years (37%), followed by Jamaicans living in other years (37%), followed by Jamaicans living in other parts of the world (36%) and Jamaicans living in the parts of the world (36%) and Jamaicans living in the United Kingdom (33%) and otherUnited European Kingdom (33%) countries and other (33%). European The countries largest (33%). segment The largest of segmentrespondents of respondents to have to havenot not visitedvisited JamaicaJamaica was was Jamaicans Jamaicans living in theliving United in Kingdom the United (6%), followed Kingdom by Jamaicans (6%), followedliving in other by parts Jamaicansof Europe (4%) living (Refer in to other figure 14parts). of Europe (4%) (Refer to ﬁ gure 14).

Figure 14: Disaggregation of respondents by last visit to Jamaica by country of residence

Last Visit to Jamaica by Country of Residence 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Less than 12 11 years or 2-5 years 6-10 years Never Visit months more United States 55% 29% 6% 9% 2% Canada 50% 37% 6% 6% 2% UK 36% 33% 10% 15% 6% Other European countries 46% 33% 6% 10% 4% CARICOM 65% 27% 3% 2% 3% Rest of the world 42% 36% 6% 11% 6%

ContributiWays in which on torespondents Jamaica’s contributed Development to Jamaica’s development Respondents were asked to indicate whether they have ever contributed to the developmentRespondents were of askedJamaica to indicate in any whether of the they following have ever areas: contributed to the development of Jamaica in any of the following areas:1. In kind/non-monetary charitable contributi ons 1. In kind/non-monetary2. Monetary charitable contributionscharitable contributi ons 2. Monetary charitable3. Pro contributions Bono Work 3. Pro Bono Work4. In kind/non-monetary contributi ons to family/friends 5. Monetary contributi ons to family/friends 4. In kind/non-monetary contributions to family/friends 6. Investment 5. Monetary contributions to family/friends The result6. Investment showed that ‘monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ was the most commonThe result areashowed in whichthat ‘monetary respondents contributions contributed to family/friends’ to Jamaica was the (32%), most common followed area by in inwhich kind/non-monetaryrespondents contributed contributi to Jamaica (32%), on to followed family/friends by in kind/non (19%)-monetary and contributionmonetary tocharitable family/friends contributi(19%) and monetaryons (16%). charitable The least contributions common (16%). areas The in least which common respondents areas in which contributed respondents tocontributed Jamaica towere: Jamaica ‘pro were: bono ‘pro b work’ono work’ (6%), (6%), followed by byinve investmentstment (12%) (Refer (12%) to figure (Refer 15). to ﬁ gure 15).

37 4. In kind/non‐monetary contributions to family/friends 5. Monetary contributions to family/friends 6. Investment

The result showed that ‘monetary contributions to family/friends’ was the most common area in which respondents contributed to Jamaica (32%), followed by in kind/non‐monetary contribution to family/friends (19%) and monetary charitable contributions (16%). The least common areas in which respondents contributed to Jamaica were: ‘pro bono work’ (6%), followed by investment (12%) (Refer to figure 15).

Figure 15: Kinds of contributions the Diaspora provided to Jamaica’s development

Respondents' Contribution to Jamaica's Development

Pro Bono work 6%

Investment 12%

In kind/non monetary charitable contribution 15%

Monetary charitable contributions 16%

In kind/non monetary contribution to family/friends 19%

Monetary contributions to family/friend 32%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Research Questi on #10: Was there any diﬀ erence in the percentage of respondentsResearch Question who # 1 0: contributedWas there any differe to Jamaica’snce in the pe rcentage development of respondents by who country contrib uted of to residence?Jamaica’s development by country of residence?

TheThe followi followingng difference diﬀ erencess were note wered with noted respect to with the rese respectarch question to the above: research questi on above: Residents of the United States of America were the largest segment of respondents to provide in · kindResidents non‐moneta ofry charitablthe Unitede contributio Statesn toof Jamaica, America followed were by the residents largest of C anadasegment (14%) ;of respondents to provide in kind non-monetary charitable contributi on  However, residents of African countries were the largest segment to provide ‘In kind/non‐monetary to Jamaica, followed by residents of Canada (14%); · conHowever,tributions to residentsfamily/frien ds’of (28%),African followed countries by residence were fro them European largest countriessegment (ex cludingto UK)provide (22%); ‘In kind/non-monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ (28%),  Resfollowedidents of ot byher residenceEuropean countries from Europeanand CARICO Mcountries countries (excludingjointly accounted UK) for (22%); the largest · perResidentscentage of re spondentsof other t oEuropean contribute t ocountries Jamaica in theand form CARICOM of investment countries (16%); jointly accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica in the form of investment (16%); · ‘Residents of the rest of the world’ accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica in the form of ‘monetary 35 charitable contributi ons’ (21%), followed by residents of the United States of America (18%); · Residents of Canada represented the largest percentage of respondents to provide ‘monetary contributi ons to family/friends’ living in Jamaica (38%) (Refer to table 10).

Jamaica,

the

contributions

37%

21%

13%

16%

13%

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36%

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28%

Countries

African

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37%

14%

16%

17%

11%

CARICOM

the

provide

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11):

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contributed

were

European

table

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(See

32%

13%

16%

22%

country

Other

country

groups

respondents

above

age

respondents

(33%)

36%

15%

11%

21%

13%

question

segment

development

(14%);

years

percentage

research

largest

group

Jamaica’s

the

38%

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16%

14%

Canada

the

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and

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and

Residence

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(33%)

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the

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family/friends

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contributions

Areas Table

39 Research Questi on #11: Was there any diﬀ erence in the percentage of respondents who contributed to Jamaica’s development by age group?

The following diﬀ erences were noted with respect to the research questi on above (see table 11): · Individuals in the 18 to 24 age group were the largest segment of respondents to provide in kind non-monetary charitable contributi on to Jamaica, followed by individuals in the 65 years and older group (14%); · Individuals in the 25 to 44 years (33%) and 45 to 64 years (33%) age groups were jointly the largest segment to provide ‘monetary contributi ons to family/friends’; · The 65 years and older age group accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to provide ‘monetary charitable contributi ons’ (20%);  The 65 years and older age group accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to provide · The 18 to 24 age group accounted for the largest percentage of ‘monetaryrespondents charitable to contributions’ provide in (20%); kind non-monetary contributi ons to family/  Thefriends 18 to 24 age(25%). group The accounted smallest for the was largest the percentage 65b years of respondents and older to provide age groupin kind non ‐ monetary(16%); contributions to family/friends (25%). The smallest was the 65b years and older age group · (16%);The 65 years and older age group accounted for the largest segment of  Therespondents 65 years and older to ageprovide group accounted‘pro bono for work’ the largest (10%). segment The of smallest respondents was to theprovide 45 ‘pro to 64 years old age group (5%). bono work’ (10%). The smallest was the 45 to 64 years old age group (5%).

Table 11: Areas in which respondents contributed to Jamaica’s development by age group Areas Age Group 18‐24 yrs old 25‐44 years old 45‐64 years old 65 yrs old and older In kind/non‐monetary 20% 13% 16% 17% charitable contributions Monetary 31% 33% 33% 28% contributions to family/friends Investment 10% 12% 12% 10% Monetary charitable 8% 16% 17% 20% contributions In kind non‐monetary 25% 21% 18% 16% contributions to family/friends Pro bono work 6% 6% 5% 10%

Research Question # 12: Was there any difference in the percentage of respondents who contributed to 40 Jamaica’s development by gender?

A larger percentage of males (15%) than females (9%) said that they contributed to Jamaica’s development in the area of investment. However, the percentage of females (16%) providing ‘monetary charitable contributions’ was twice that of males (8%) (Refer to table 12).

Table 12: Areas in which respondent contributed to Jamaica’s development by gender Areas Male Female

In kind/non‐monetary charitable 14% 15% Research Questi on #12: Was there any diﬀ erence in the percentage of respondents who contributed to Jamaica’s development by gender?

A larger percentage of males (15%) than females (9%) said that they contributed to Jamaica’s development in the area of investment. However, the percentage of females (16%) providing ‘monetary charitable contributi ons’ was twice that of males (8%) (Refer to table 12).

Table 12: Areas in which respondent contributed to Jamaica’s development by gender Areas Male Female

In kind/non‐monetary charitable 14% 15% contributions monetary contributions to 31% 34% family/friends Investment 15% 9% Monetary charitable 8% 16% contributions In kind non‐monetary 17% 21% contributions to family/friends Pro bono work 6% 6%

Frequency of Contributions to Jamaica’s Development Frequency of Contributi ons to Jamaica’s Development TheThe surveysurvey mapped mapped the theareas areas in which in respondentswhich respondents contributed tocontributed Jamaica’s development to Jamaica’s and the developmentfrequency of said and contributions. the frequency The results of showed said contributithat the most commonons. The frequency results was showed on a yearly that basis thefor themost following: common frequency was on a yearly basis for the following: · In kind/non-monetaryIn kind/non‐monetary charitable charitable contributions contributi (41%) ons (41%) · In kind/non-monetary contributi ons to family/friends (31%)  In kind/non‐monetary contributions to family/friends (31%) · Monetary charitable contributi ons (36%)  · Pro bonoMonetary work charitable (35%) contributions (36%)  Pro bono work (35%) However, investment and monetary contributi ons to family/friends was mainly onHowever, a monthly investment basis and monetary contributions to family/friends was mainly on a monthly basis ·  InvestmentInvestment (42%) (42%) · Monetary contributi ons to family/friend (40%)  Monetary contributions to family/friend (40%)

39 Table 13: Shows areas of contributions by frequency of contribution Contributions Frequency of contribution Daily Weekly Twice a Monthly Every Yearly Ad hoc As required Month six month In kind/non‐ 0% 3% 3% 27% 16% 41% 6% 4% monetary charitable contributions In kind/non‐ 1% 3% 6% 31% 17% 32% 8% 5% monetary contributions to family/friends Investment 1% 4% 4% 42% 15% 27% 4% 3% Monetary 1% 3% 3% 32% 15% 36% 7% 3% charitable contributions Monetary 0% 3% 6% 40% 16% 26% 6% 3% contributions to family/friends Pro Bono work 1% 4% 1% 25% 20% 35% 11% 4%

CapacityCapacity of Contributi of Contribution on

RespondentsRespondents were were asked asked to indicate to indicate the capacity the in capacity which they incontributed which they to Jamaica’s contributed development. to The Jamaica’sresult showed development. that six in every The ten result individuals showed who thatcontributed six in did every so as ten individuals individuals (61%). whoOne in ten contributed did so as individuals (61%). One in ten contributed as a part of a contributed as a part of a ‘group’. Three in ten contributed both as individuals and group (29%) (Refer to ‘group’. Three in ten contributed both as individuals and group (29%) (Refer to figure to 16). ﬁ gure to 16).

42 Figure 16: Distribution of respondents by the capacity in which contribution was provided

Capacity

Both 29%

Individual 61% Group 10%

ResearchResearch QuestiQuestion on#1 3 : #13:Was there Was any there statistical any statiassociation sti cal between associati the frequencies on between the of frequenciescontributions of members contributi of the ons d iasporamembers made of tothe the diaspora development made of toJamaica the development based on country ofof Jamaica residence? based on country of residence?

TheThe disaggregatidisaggregation of onthe frequency of the of contributionsfrequency by of country contributi of residence ons showed by the country following: of residence showed the following: Jamaicans living in other CARICOM countries accounted for the highest percentage of respondents o· Jamaicans living in other CARICOM countries accounted for the highest to contributepercentage to provide of respondents contributions to toJamaica contribute weekly (4%) to and provide twice a monthcontributi (9%). ons to o JamaicansJamaica living weekly in the ‘rest(4%) of and the twiceworld’ representeda month (9%).the largest percentage of respondents to · contributeJamaicans on a monthly living basis in the (50%), ‘rest followed of theby Jamaicans world’ living represented in the United the Kingdom largest (37%). Jamaicanspercentage living in the of rest respondents of the world were to contribute also the largest on segment a monthly of respondents basis to (50%), contribute on afollowed bi-annual basisby Jamaicans(18%). living in the United Kingdom (37%). Jamaicans Jamaicansliving livingin the in therest United of theStates world and ‘other were Europe alsoan thecountries’ largest represented segment the oflargest o respondents to contribute on a bi-annual basis (18%). percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (42%). · Jamaicans living in the United States and ‘other European countries’ represented the largest percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (42%).

43 Figure 16: Distribution of respondents by the capacity in which contribution was provided

Capacity

Both 29%

Individual 61% Group 10%

Research Question #13: Was there any statistical association between the frequencies of contributions members of the Diaspora made to the development of Jamaica based on country of residence?

The disaggregation of the frequency of contributions by country of residence showed the following:  Jamaicans living in other CARICOM countries accounted for the highest percentage of respondents to contribute to provide contributions to Jamaica weekly (4%) and twice a month (9%).  Jamaicans living in the ‘rest of the world’ represented the largest percentage of respondents to contribute on a monthly basis (50%), followed by Jamaicans living in the United Kingdom (37%). Jamaicans living in the rest of the world were also the largest segment of respondents to contribute on a bi‐annual basis (18%).  Jamaicans living in the United States and ‘other European countries’ represented the largest percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (42%).

Table 14: Frequency of respondents’ contributions to Jamaica’s development by country of residence

Frequency Total United Canada UK Other CARICOM African Rest of the States of (N=251) (N=473) European (N=122) Countries World America country (N=17) (N=22) (N=749) (N=36) Weekly 45 3% 17 2% 8 3% 15 3% 0 0% 5 4% 0 0% 0 0% Twice a 82 5% 27 4% 15 6% 27 6% 0 0% 11 9% 1 6% 1 5% month Monthly 565 34% 210 28% 87 35% 176 37% 11 31% 64 53% 6 35% 11 50% Every six 239 14% 109 15% 43 17% 67 14% 3 8% 12 10% 1 6% 4 18% months Yearly 562 34% 309 42% 77 31% 128 27% 15 42% 24 20% 4 24% 5 23% 41 Ad hoc 113 7% 46 6% 17 7% 39 8% 4 11% 4 3% 3 18% 0 0% As required 64 4% 31 4% 4 2% 21 4% 3 8% 2 2% 2 12% 1 5% Total 1,670 100 749 100 251 100 473 100 36 100 122 100 17 100 22 100

(χ² = 90.856, df=36,p=0.000, cc=.227)

ResearchResearch Question Questi #14: onWas there#14: any Wasstatistical there association any stati between sti thecal frequencies associati of contributions on between the membersfrequencies of the Diasporaof contributi made to onsthe developmentmembers ofof Jamaicathe diaspora based on educationalmade to the attainment? development

of Jamaica based on educati onal att ainment? The disaggregation of the frequency of contributions by country of residence showed the following: The disaggregatiRespondents with on post of graduatethe frequency master’s degree of contributiaccounted for ons the highestby country percentage of of residence showedrespondents the following: to provide contributions to Jamaica on a weekly basis (4%);  Respondents· Respondents with high withschool posteducation graduate represented master’s the largest degree percentage accounted of respondents for the to contributehighest on a monthlypercentage basis (41%), of respondents followed by those to withprovide post graduate contributi PhD degree ons to (39%); Jamaica on a weekly basis (4%);  Respondents with undergraduate degree were also the largest segment of respondents to · Respondents with high school educati on represented the largest contributepercentage on a bi‐annual of basis respondents (15%) and also to on contribute an annual basis on (39%); a monthly basis (41%),  Jamaicansfollowed living inby the those United with States post and graduate ‘other European PhD degree countries’ (39%); represented the largest percentage· Respondents of individuals with to contribute undergraduate to Jamaica degreeon a yearly were basis also(42%) the (Refer largest to table segment 15). of respondents to contribute on a bi-annual basis (15%) and also on an Table 15: Frequencyannual of respondents’basis (39%); contributions to Jamaica’s development by level of education Frequency· JamaicansTotal Highliving School in the Certificate/United StatesUndergraduate and ‘other Post European graduate countries’Post graduate represented the largestDiploma percentage of individualsmaster’s to degree contribute PhD degree to Weekly Jamaica49 3% on10 a yearly3% basis10 (42%)3% (Refer11 to table2% 15).16 4% 2 2% Twice a 82 5% 34 12% 22 7% 16 3% 9 2% 1 1% month Monthly 55 34% 119 41% 123 37% 144 29% 129 31% 42 39% 7 Every six 23 14% 42 14% 52 16% 72 15% 56 13% 12 11% months 4 Yearly 55 34% 72 25% 98 30% 192 39% 156 37% 36 33% 44 4 Ad hoc 10 7% 12 4% 14 4% 32 7% 40 10% 10 9% 8 As required 60 4% 3 1% 13 % 23 5% 15 4% 6 6% Total 16 100% 292 100% 332 100 490 100% 421 100% 109 100% 44 %

42 months Yearly 562 34% 309 42% 77 31% 128 27% 15 42% 24 20% 4 24% 5 23% Ad hoc 113 7% 46 6% 17 7% 39 8% 4 11% 4 3% 3 18% 0 0% As required 64 4% 31 4% 4 2% 21 4% 3 8% 2 2% 2 12% 1 5% Total 1,670 100 749 100 251 100 473 100 36 100 122 100 17 100 22 100

(χ² = 90.856, df=36,p=0.000, cc=.227)

Research Question #14: Was there any statistical association between the frequencies of contributions members of the Diaspora made to the development of Jamaica based on educational attainment?

The disaggregation of the frequency of contributions by country of residence showed the following:  Respondents with post graduate master’s degree accounted for the highest percentage of respondents to provide contributions to Jamaica on a weekly basis (4%);  Respondents with high school education represented the largest percentage of respondents to contribute on a monthly basis (41%), followed by those with post graduate PhD degree (39%);  Respondents with undergraduate degree were also the largest segment of respondents to contribute on a bi‐annual basis (15%) and also on an annual basis (39%);  Jamaicans living in the United States and ‘other European countries’ represented the largest percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (42%) (Refer to table 15).

Table 15: Frequency of respondents’ contributions to Jamaica’s development by level of education

Frequency Total High School Certificate/ Undergraduate Post graduate Post graduate Diploma master’s degree PhD degree Weekly 49 3% 10 3% 10 3% 11 2% 16 4% 2 2% Twice a 82 5% 34 12% 22 7% 16 3% 9 2% 1 1% month Monthly 55 34% 119 41% 123 37% 144 29% 129 31% 42 39% 7 Every six 23 14% 42 14% 52 16% 72 15% 56 13% 12 11% months 4 Yearly 55 34% 72 25% 98 30% 192 39% 156 37% 36 33% 4 Ad hoc 10 7% 12 4% 14 4% 32 7% 40 10% 10 9% 8 As required 60 4% 3 1% 13 % 23 5% 15 4% 6 6% Total 16 100% 292 100% 332 100 490 100% 421 100% 109 100% 44 %

42 Research Questi on #15: Was there any stati sti cal associati on between the frequencies of contributi ons members of the Diaspora made to the development of Jamaica based on age group?

The disaggregati on of the frequency of contributi ons by age group showed the following: · Respondents in the 45 to 64 age cohort represented the largest percentage of respondents to contribute on a monthly basis (36%), followed by those with in the 25 to 44 age group (35%); · The 45 to 64 age cohort represented the largest percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a bi-annual basis (16%); · The 18 to 24 age cohort accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (45%), followed by the 65 years and older age cohort (37%) (Refer to table 16). ·

45 Frequency Total High School Certificate/ Undergraduate Post graduate Post graduate Diploma master’s degree PhD degree

(χ² = 89.998, df=24,p=0.000 cc=0.228)

Research Question #15: Was there any statistical association between the frequencies of contributions members of the Diaspora made to the development of Jamaica based on age group?

The disaggregation of the frequency of contributions by age group showed the following:  Respondents in the 45 to 64 age cohort represented the largest percentage of respondents to contribute on a monthly basis (36%), followed by those with in the 25 to 44 age group (35%);  The 45 to 64 age cohort represented the largest percentage of individuals to contribute to Jamaica on a bi‐annual basis (16%);  The 18 to 24 age cohort accounted for the largest percentage of respondents to contribute to Jamaica on a yearly basis (45%), followed by the 65 years and older age cohort (37%) (Refer to table 16).

Table 16: Frequency of respondents’ contributions to Jamaica’s development by age group Frequency Total 18‐24 years 25‐44 45‐64 years 65 years and years older

Weekly 51 3% 2 4% 24 4% 20 2% 5 4% Twice a 84 5% 2 4% 40 6% 37 4% 5 4% month Monthly 568 34% 13 26% 232 35% 298 36% 25 20% Every six 241 14% 3 6% 87 13% 132 16% 19 15% months Yearly 567 34% 23 45% 218 33% 279 33% 47 37% Ad hoc 113 7% 7 14% 39 6% 50 6% 17 13% As require 64 4% 1 2% 31 5% 23 3% 9 7% Total 1688 100% 51 100% 671 100% 839 100% 127 100%

(χ² = 42.749, df=18,p=0.000 cc=0.157)

46 Frequency Total High School Certificate/ Undergraduate Post graduate Post graduate Diploma master’s degree PhD degree

(χ² = 89.998, df=24,p=0.000 cc=0.228)

Research Question #15: Was there any statistical association between the frequencies of contributions members of the Diaspora made to the development of Jamaica based on age group?

3.4 Level of Engagement Table 16: Frequency of respondents’ contributions to Jamaica’s development by age group 4.4 LEVEL OF ENGAGEMENT

Frequency Total 18‐24 years 25‐44 45‐64 years 65 years and Membership of Community-Based Group years older Membership of Community-Based Group Weekly 51 3% 2 4% 24 4% 20 2% 5 4% RespondentsRespondents were were asked asked to to indicate indicate whether whether they were members they were of any memberscommunity- based of anydiaspora Twice a 84 5% 2 4% 40 6% 37 4% 5 4% community-basedgroup. The results diaspora showed group.that most Thewere resultsnot members showed of any thatcommunity most-based were group not (71%). month membersHowever of any, approximately community-based three in ten group reported (71%). that theyHowever, were members approximately of a community three-based in ten reported that they were members of a community-based group (29%) Monthly 568 34% 13 26% 232 35% 298 36% 25 20% group (29%) (Refer to figure 17). (Refer to ﬁ gure 17). Every six 241 14% 3 6% 87 13% 132 16% 19 15% months Figure 17: Distribution of respondents by membership of community-based group

Yearly 567 34% 23 45% 218 33% 279 33% 47 37% Distribution of Respondents by Membership of Ad hoc 113 7% 7 14% 39 6% 50 6% 17 13% Community-Based Group As require 64 4% 1 2% 31 5% 23 3% 9 7% Member of a Community Total 1688 100% 51 100% 671 100% 839 100% 127 100% Based Group 29% (χ² = 42.749, df=18,p=0.000 cc=0.157)

Not a member of a Community Based Group 71%

Forms ofForms Support of Support Provided Provided to Community-based to Community-based Groups Groups The survey captured the forms of support individuals who were members of community-basedThe survey captured organizati the forms ons of supportprovided individuals to their who respecti were members ve groups.of a community The -resultsbased showedorganizations that monetary provided contributito their respective on group. was Thethe results most showed commonthat monetary form contribution of support (37%), was followed the most bycommon professional form of support skills (37%), to followed insti tuti by professional ons (25%) skills to institutionsand educati (25%) onal materials and equipment (21%). The least common forms of support were: and educational materials and equipment (21%). The least common forms of support were: medical medical equipment and supplies (4%), medical missions (4%) and clothing (9%) equipment and supplies (4%), medical missions (4%) and clothing (9%) (Refer to figure 18). (Refer to ﬁ gure 18).

Figure 18: Shows forms of support respondents provide to community-based groups

Figure 18: ShowsTypes forms of Supportof support Respondents respondents provideProvided to tocommunity Community-based-Based groups Groups Types of Support Respondents Provided to Community-Based Groups Medical equipment and supplies 4%

Medical equipmentMedical and supplies mission 4%

MedicalClothing mission 4% 9%

Educational materials and equipmentClothing 9% 21%

EducationalProfessional materials skills and to institutionsequipment 21% 25%

Professional skills to institutionsMonetary 25% 37%

Monetary 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 37%40%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

ChannelsChannels respondents respondents are are willing willing to use to useto support to support Jamaica’s Jamaica’s development development

Respondents were asked to indicate how they would be willing to support RespondentsChannels respondents were asked toare indicate willing how to theyuse towould support be willing Jamaica’s to support development Jamaica’s development in the Jamaica’s development in the future. Knowledge transfer was the most common future. Knowledge transfer was the most common response (37%), followed by volunteerism (35%) and responseRespondents (37%), were askedfollowed to indicate by volunteerismhow they would be (35%) willing andto support community Jamaica’s developmentdevelopment in the community development (32%). Other areas in which respondents would support Jamaica’s development (32%).future. Other Knowledge areas transfer in which was the respondents most common responsewould support(37%), followed Jamaica’s by volunteerism development (35%) and included: investment (23%), charitable contributions (21%), providing permanent /long term employment included:community investment development (23%), (32%). Other charitable areas in whichcontributi respondents ons would(21%), support providing Jamaica’s permanent development (17%), providing temporary employment (16%) and retirement (16%) (Refer to figure 19). /longincluded: term investment employment (23%), charitable (17%), contributions providing (21%), temporary providing permanent employment /long term (16%) employment and reti rement (16%) (Refer to ﬁ gure 19). Figure(17%), 19providing: Channels temporary respondents employment are willing (16%) to andsupport retirement Jamaica’s (16%) development (Refer to figure 19).

Figure 19: ChannelsRespondents' respondents are Contribution willing to support to Jamaica's Jamaica’s Development development

Respondents'Remittances Contribution to Jamaica's13% Development

Retirement 16% Remittances 13% Temporary employment 16% Retirement 16% Permanent/long term employment 17% Temporary employment 16% Investment 23% Permanent/long term employment 17% Community development 32% Investment 23% Volunteer 35% Community development 32% Sharing acquired knowledge 37% Volunteer 35% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Sharing acquired knowledge 37% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 47

Communication Analysis Figure 18: Shows forms of support respondents provide to community-based groups 4.5 COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS Channels Used to Receive Information about Jamaica Figure 18: ShowsTypes forms of Supportof support Respondents respondents provideProvided to tocommunity Community-based-Based groups Groups Channels Used to Receive Informati on about Jamaica Types of Support Respondents Provided to Community-Based The survey determined the varying channels respondents used to receive information about Jamaica. Groups The survey determined the varying channels respondents used to receive Medical equipment and supplies 4% informatiNewspaper on (17%) about and social Jamaica. media (17%) Newspaper were jointly the(17%) most andcommon social channels mediarespondents (17%) used were to obtain information about Jamaica. The least common channels were ‘Jamaican mission’ (4%) and e-mails Medical equipmentMedical and supplies mission 4% jointly the most common channels respondents used to obtain informati on about(7%). Jamaica. ‘Word of mouth’ The least(14%) andcommon websites channelsand blogs (13%), were telephone ‘Jamaican (9%), radiomission’ (9%), and(4%) television and (9%) Medical mission 4% Clothing 9% e-mailswere other(7%). channels ‘Word respondents of mouth’ said (14%) that they and used websites to receive informationand blogs about (13%), Jamaica telephone (Refer to figure (9%), radio (9%), and television (9%) were other channels respondents said that Clothing 9% 17). Educational materials and equipment 21% they used to receive informati on about Jamaica (Refer to ﬁ gure 20).

EducationalProfessional materials skills and to institutionsequipment 21% 25% Figure 20: Distribution of respondents by communication channels used to receive information about

Professional skills to institutionsMonetary 25% 37% Jamaica

Monetary 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 37%40% Channels Used to Receive Information about Jamaica

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 17% Channels respondents are willing to use to support Jamaica’s development Social Media 17%

14% CRespondentshannels respondents were asked toare indicate willing how to theyuse towould support be willing Jamaica’s to support development Jamaica’s development in the Websites and Blogs 13% 9% future. Knowledge transfer was the most common response (37%), followed by volunteerism (35%) and Respondents were asked to indicate how they would be willing to support Jamaica’s development in the Radio 9% community development (32%). Other areas in which respondents would support Jamaica’s development 9% future. Knowledge transfer was the most common response (37%), followed by volunteerism (35%) and Emails 7% included: investment (23%), charitable contributions (21%), providing permanent /long term employment community development (32%). Other areas in which respondents would support Jamaica’s development 3% Does not receive information about Jamaica 1% (17%), providing temporary employment (16%) and retirement (16%) (Refer to figure 19). included: investment (23%), charitable contributions (21%), providing permanent /long term employment 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%

Figure(17%), 19providing: Channels temporary respondents employment are willing (16%) to andsupport retirement Jamaica’s (16%) development (Refer to figure 19).

Research Questi on #16: Is there a diﬀ erence in how respondents received Figure 19: ChannelsRespondents' respondents are Contribution willing to support to Jamaica's Jamaica’s Development development Research Question #16: Is there a difference in how respondents received information about informatiJamaica basedon about on age Jamaica group? based on age group? Respondents'Remittances Contribution to Jamaica's13% Development

Retirement 16% The survey mapped the way respondents received informati on about Jamaica to Remittances 13% theirThe age survey group. mapped the way respondents received information about Jamaica to their age group. Temporary employment 16% Retirement 16% The most common method the 18-24 age cohort receive information about Jamaica was on social media Permanent/long term employment 17% Temporary employment 16% The(25%), most followed common by word way of mouthby which (15%), theNewspaper 18 to (15%) 24 age and Websitecohort, andreceive blogs (15%). informati Similarly on for the Investment 23% Permanent/long term employment 17% about25-44 Jamaica age group, was social via media social was themedia most (25%),common followedplatform used by to word receive of information mouth (15%),about Jamaica Community development 32% Investment 23% newspaper(19%), followed (15%) by newspaper and website, (17%). and blogs (15%). Similarly, social media was Volunteer 35% the most common platf orm used to receive informati on about Jamaica (19%), Community development 32% Sharing acquired knowledge 37% followed by newspaper (17%), for the 25 to 44 age group. Volunteer 35% The 45- 64 age group (18%) and the 65 years old and older cohort (20%) most common method of receiving 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% information about Jamaica was through the newspaper. However, unlike the 65 years and older group, the Sharing acquired knowledge 37% The 45 to 64 (18%) and the 65 years old and older (20%) age groups most oft en received informati on about Jamaica through the newspaper. However, unlike the 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 47 65 years and older group, the 45 to 64 age group used social media (15%) more 49

47 than word of mouth (14%) as a way to receive informati on about Jamaica (refer to table 17). 49 social media (15%) more than word of mouth (14%) as a way to receive information about Jamaica (Refer to table 17).

Table 17: Respondents’ methods of receiving information about Jamaica by age group Channels 18‐24 yrs old 25‐44 years old 45‐64 years old 65 yrs old & older Newspaper/Ma‐ 15% 17% 18% 20% gazine Social media 25% 19% 15% 10% Word of mouth 15% 14% 14% 15% Websites and Blogs 15% 14% 13% 10% Television 10% 9% 10% 11% Radio 7% 8% 10% 10% Telephone 8% 9% 10% 11% E‐mails 3% 6% 8% 9% Jamaican missions 1% 3% 4% 5% Does not receive 3% 1% 1% 2% information about Jamaica

Marketi Marketingng of the of Mappingthe Mapping Jamaica’s Jamaica’s Diaspora Diaspora Project Respondents were asked to indicate the source of their knowledge about the MappingRespondents Jamaica’s were asked Diaspora to indicate Project. the source The of datatheir knowledgeshowed aboutthat approximatelythe Mapping Jamaica’s three Diaspora in tenProject. (28%) The data became showed of that aware approximately of the three project in ten through (28%) became an embassy/consulate.of aware of the project through A an quarterembassy/consulate. (25%) obtained A quarter the (25%) informati obtained on the through information diaspora through groups/associatidiaspora groups/associations. ons. Approximately one in ten (14%) saw the informati on about the project on a Approximately one in ten (14%) saw the information about the project on a social media platform (i.e., social media platf orm (i.e., Facebook, twitt er, WhatsApp, etc.). Similarly, one in tenFacebook, saw the twitter, informati WhatsApp, on onetc.). online Similarly, media one in (11%) ten saw or the received information the on informati online media on (11%) by or wordreceived of mouth the information (11%). by The word other of mouth channels (11%). The through other channels which through respondents which respondents became became awareaware of of thethe mapping mapping project project can be can seen be in figure seen 21. in ﬁ gure 21.

50 Figure 21: Avenues respondents learnt about the mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora project

Method through which respondents learnt about Jamaica's Diaspora Project

Embassy/Consulate 28%

Diaspora Groups/Association 25%

Social Networks 14%

Online Media 11%

Word of mouth 11%

Internet Search 7%

Events/Functions 2%

Emails 2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

4.6 INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS PROSPECTS9

The survey captured data on investment and business prospects. Respondents were asked to indicate their interest in receiving informati on on business and investment opportuniti es in Jamaica. The results showed that most respondents (87%) said that they were interested in receiving informati on on business and investment prospect in Jamaica (table 18, A).

As it relates to the type of informati on that would interest respondents, ‘general business informati on’ was the most demanded (47%), followed by investment related informati on (30%). The least common area that respondents said would be of interest to them was business for sale (6%) (table 18, B).

Consistent with the data on interest in receiving business informati on, the majority of respondents expressed an interest in forming a business relati onship with Jamaica (Table 18, C). Most of those who expressed an interest in establishing a business relati on said that they would be prepared to invest within the next 1-5 years (83%). The remainder either said 6 to 10 years (14%), 11 to 15 years (2%), or 16 years and more (1%) (table 18, C).

9 The remaining sections of this document reports on questions that were answered by approximately a quarter of the sample. These questions were only received by individuals who took the survey online and indicated that they were interested in investing and/or entrepreneurship in Jamaica (questions 3.6 and 3.7) and education (question 3.8 ). 49

51 Table 18: Data on investment and business prospect in Jamaica No. Question Frequency Per cent

A Interest in receiving information on business and investment opportunities in Jamaica Yes 357 87% No 53 13% B What information would interest you? Business for sale 22 6% General business information (e.g. starting a business) 167 47% Information on specific sectors 61 17% Projects for investment 106 30% C Are you interested in forming a business relationship with Jamaica? Yes 302 82% No 65 18% D How soon would you be prepared to invest? 1-5 years 250 83% 6-10 years 43 14% 11-15 years 6 2% 16 years and more 3 1%

ReasonsRespondents why respondents who expressed were interested an interest in receiving in receiving information informati on business on on andbusiness investment and opportunitiesinvestment in opportunitiJamaica es in Jamaica provided the explanati ons shown in table 19 below for their answers. Exploring viable business opportuniti es (49%) was the

most common explanati on, followed by contributi ng to the development of the Respondentscountry (27%). who expressed Other anexplanati interest in onsreceiving included: information planning on business on returningand investment to Jamaicaopportunities to inlive Jamaica (12%); provided and thereti explanations rement planning shown in (7%)table below(Refer for to t heirtable answers. 19). Exploring viable business opportunities (49%) was the most common explanation, followed by contributing to the development of the country (27%). Other explanations included: planning on returning to Jamaica to live (12%); and retirement planning (7%) (Refer to table 19).

52 No 65 18% D How soon would you be prepared to invest? 1‐5 years 250 83% 6‐10 years 43 14% 11‐15 years 6 2% 16 years and more 3 1%

Respondents who expressed an interest in receiving information on business and investment opportunities in Jamaica provided the explanations shown in table 19 below for their answers. Exploring viable business opportunities (49%) was the most common explanation, followed by contributing to the development of the country (27%). Other explanations included: planning on returning to Jamaica to live (12%); and retirement planning (7%) (Refer to table 19).

Table 19: Explanations for being interested in receiving information on business and investment about Jamaica Reasons Frequency Per cent

Retirement planning 9 7% Exploring business opportunities 63 49% Contributing to development 35 27% Protecting existing investment 1 1% Planning on returning to Jamaica 16 12% to live Being in the know 5 4% Total 129 100%

Furthermore,Furthermore, respondents respondents who expressed who expressed an interest in an investing interest in Jamaica in investi were askedng into indicate Jamaica the were asked to indicate the sector in which they would be interested in investi ng sector in which they would be interested in investing in. The results showed that the services sector was the in. The results showed that the services sector was the most common sector ofmost interest common bearing sector of58 interest per cent bearing of 58the per responses. cent of the Ofresponses. this total Of this 20 total per 20cent per whocent who specifispecifically cally referenced referenced ‘tourism’. ‘tourism’. Rounding Rounding off the top fiveoff responses,the top fibusiness ve responses, process outsourcing business (16%); processagriculture outsourcing (15%); and manufacturing (16%); agriculture (8%) were also(15%); popular and responses. manufacturing The full list (8%) of sectors were is alsoshown in populartable 20 below.responses. The full list of sectors is shown in table 20 below.

Table 20: List of sectors respondents would be interested in investing Sectors Frequency Per cent

Services (including tourism) 65 38% 51 Tourism 33 20% Business Process Outsourcing 27 16% Agriculture 24 15% Manufacturing 13 8% Books published 1 1% Construction, management finance, management, operations 1 1% management, marketing management, Healthcare ‐ this could be "medical tourism" 1 1% Manufacturing, service promotion 1 1% Renewable energy 1 1% Resettlement and employment 1 1% Technology 1 1% Total 169 100%

The survey also captured the business opportunities respondents, who were interested in forming a 53 business relationship with Jamaica, would be open to pursue. The most common response was ‘starting own business’ (37%), followed by partnering with a Jamaican business (25%), and importing Jamaican products (14%). The least common responses were ‘buying Jamaican government bonds’ (3%) and investing in the Jamaican stock market (5%). Connecting with Jamaican businesses online (9%) and supporting a Jamaican charity (8%) were other responses that were provided (Refer to table 21).

Table 20: Distribution of respondents by business opportunities respondents would be open to pursuing Responses Frequency Per cent

Starting my own business 118 37% Partnering with a Jamaican business 80 25% Importing Jamaican products 44 14% Connecting with Jamaican businesses online 28 9% Supporting a Jamaican charity 26 8% Investing in the Jamaican stock market 16 5% Buying Jamaican government bonds 9 3% Total 321 100%

52 Table 20: List of sectors respondents would be interested in investing Sectors Frequency Per cent

Services (including tourism) 65 38% Tourism 33 20% Business Process Outsourcing 27 16% Agriculture 24 15% Manufacturing 13 8% Books published 1 1% Construction, management finance, management, operations 1 1% management, marketing management, Healthcare ‐ this could be "medical tourism" 1 1% Manufacturing, service promotion 1 1% Renewable energy 1 1% Resettlement and employment 1 1% Technology 1 1% Total 169 100% The survey also captured the business opportuniti es respondents, who were

interested in forming a business relati onship with Jamaica, would be open to pursue.The survey The also most captured common the business response opportunities was ‘starti respondents, ng own whobusiness’ were interested (37%), followedin forming a bybusiness partnering relationship with with a JamaicanJamaica, would business be open to(25%), pursue. and The mostimporti common ng Jamaicanresponse was products ‘starting own (14%).business’ The (37%), least followed common by partnering responses with a wereJamaican ‘buying business Jamaican (25%), and governmentimporting Jamaican bonds’ products (3%)(14%). and The investileast common ng in responsesthe Jamaican were ‘buying stock Jamaican market government (5%). Connecti bonds’ (3%) ng and with investing Jamaican in the businessesJamaican stock online market (5%). (9%) Connecting and supporti with Jamaican ng businessesa Jamaican online (9%)charity and supporting (8%) a were Jamaican other responsescharity (8%) werethat other were responses provided that (Referwere provided to table (Refer 21). to table 21).

Table 20: Distribution of respondents by business opportunities respondents would be open to pursuing Responses Frequency Per cent

As it relates to respondents who were not interested in receiving informati on 52 about business and investment opportuniti es in Jamaica, the following explanati ons were provided, as shown in table 22 below. A general lack of interest in investi ng at this ti me was the most common explanati on (29%) given by respondents on the following bases: · Currently focused on sett ling in here (country of residence) · Lack of funding · Lack of required experti se and capacity needed to manage investment at this ti me · Proximity

This was followed by percepti ons of high levels of corrupti on in the country (16%) and high crime rate (13%). Other explanati ons included: too much bureaucracy (12%), economy being unstable (10%), and reaching reti rement age (10%).

54 As it relates to respondents who were not interested in receiving information about business and investment opportunities in Jamaica, the following explanations were provided, as shown in table 22 below. A general lack of interest in investing at this time was the most common explanation (29%) given by respondents on the following bases:  Currently focused on settling in here (country of residence)  Lack of funding  Lack of required expertise and capacity needed to manage investment at this time  Proximity

This was followed by perceptions of high levels of corruption in the country (16%) and high crime rate (13%). Other explanations included: too much bureaucracy (12%), economy being unstable (10%), and reaching retirement age (10%).

Table 21: Explanations for being uninterested in receiving information on business and investment about Jamaica Reasons Frequency Per cent

High crime rate 4 13% Economy not stable 3 10% Reach retirement age 3 10% Have other alternatives to 3 10% receive information No plans of investing at this 9 29% time Corruption 5 16% Too much bureaucracy 4 12% Total 31 100%

Concomitantly,Concomitantly, respondents respondents were asked were to indicate asked what to indicatethey believed what were theythe factors believed that accounted were for thethe factorsdiaspora’s that limited accounted involvement for in investment the diaspora’s and business limited in Jamaica. involvement It was found in thatinvestment most members andof the business diaspora hadin Jamaica.‘limited awareness It was of found business that opportunities’ most members in Jamaica (21%),of the followed diaspora by the had realities ‘limited awareness of business opportuniti es’ in Jamaica (21%), followed by of Jamaica’s high rates of crime and violence (20%). Respondents also identified their lack of trust in the realiti es of Jamaica’s high rates of crime and violence (20%). Respondents alsopotential identi business fi ed theirpartners lack living of trustin Jamaica in potentias another al factorbusiness (13%), partners as well asliving the instabilityin Jamaica of the aseconomy another (11%), factor and the (13%), difficulty as with well which as itthe is to instability do business inof Jamaica the economy (10%). Difficulty (11%), doing and business theincluded diffi cultythe following with narratives:which it is to do business in Jamaica (10%). Diffi culty doing business includedToo much thered tape; following narrati ves: · Too much red tape; 53 · The means/channels or even the opportunity to invest has not become available; · Time Consuming, Diffi cult, Bureaucrati c; · Doing business in Jamaica is oft en an ordeal in terms of archaic, parochial policies and colonial adherence to matt ers like dress; · General lack of coherent thinking; · People’s atti tude and the tardiness in how some companies do business; · Too much regulati on: No convenient way to access informati on/ resources in Jamaica; · Government of Jamaica needs to make informati on and the procedures easier and off er incenti ves for overseas Jamaicans like myself willing to invest through the Embassies and High Commissions.

55  The means/channels or even the opportunity to invest has not become available;  Time Consuming, Difficult, Bureaucratic;  Doing business in Jamaica is often an ordeal in terms of archaic, parochial policies and colonial adherence to matters like dress;  General lack of coherent thinking;  People's attitude and the tardiness in how some companies do business;  Too much regulation: No convenient way to access information/resources in Jamaica;  Government of Jamaica needs to make information and the procedures easier and offer incentives for overseas Jamaicans like myself willing to invest through the Embassies and High Commissions. Factors that emerged less than 10 per cent in the data set are shown in table 23 Factors that emerged less than 10 per cent in the data set are shown in table 23 below: below:

Table 22: List of factors that account for the limited involvement of the Diaspora in investment and business in Jamaica Responses Frequency Per cent

Limited awareness/ Knowledge 38 21% of business Crime and violence 35 20% Lack of trust in business partners 24 13% in Jamaica Lack of economic stability 20 11% Difficulty doing business 18 10% Lack of funding 11 6% High levels of corruption 7 4% Poor governance 7 4% Lack of tax incentives 6 3% Limited development in ICT 6 3% Lack of transparency 4 2% Perception that diaspora input 4 2% not welcome Lack of vision in the diaspora 1 1% Weak legal framework 1 1% High national debt 1 1% Total 183 100%

Upon this wise, respondents were also asked to provide recommendati ons to

the Government of Jamaica regarding acti ons they could take to improve the 54 involvement of the diaspora in business and investment. Analysis of the data bore the following results: · Improve communicati on (32%) – Respondents made the following comments about the current state of communicati on: 0 Being unaware of business and investment opportuniti es; 0 Receiving feedback in an unti mely manner; 0 Lack of updates to business and investment opportuniti es; 0 Lack of a well-arti culated message as to why the diaspora does not invest in Jamaica. · ‘Increase transparency and accountability’ (13%); · Control crime and violence (12%);

56 · Improve marketi ng of investment and business prospects

The full list of suggesti ons respondents enumerated with respect to the acti ons the Government of Jamaica may take to improve the involvement of the diaspora in business and investment in Jamaica is shown below (Table 24).

Table 23: Respondents’ suggestions on actions the Government of Jamaica could take to improve the involvement of the Diaspora in business and investment. Suggestions Frequency Per cent

Improve communication 102 32% Increase transparency and accountability 41 13% Control violence and crime 39 12% Improve marketing 32 10% Facilitate ease of doing business 26 8% Introduce incentives 27 8% Develop strategic partnerships 13 4% Develop human resources 9 3% Fix the economy 10 3% Be more inclusive to the diaspora in 7 2% sociopolitical activities Improve infrastructure 7 2% Improve structure and coordination of 8 2% initiatives targeting diaspora Improve access to funding 1 0% Diversify investment options 1 0% Total 323 100%

56 4.7 ASSISTANCE WITH EDUCATION

Another aim of the survey was to capture data on the support members of the 4.7 Assistance with Education diaspora gives or are willing to give to educati on in Jamaica. From the responses

Anotherprovided aim of the to survey the was questi to capture on data“Do on theyou support currently members of provide the diaspora anygives or support, is willing to ﬁ nancial or otherwise to educati on in Jamaica?”, it was revealed that the majority of give to education in Jamaica. From the responses provided to the question “Do you currently provide any respondents do not provide any support (60%) while the remaining 40 per cent support,do (Refer financial to or Table otherwise 25, to secti education on inA). Jamaica?”, The results it was alsorevealed highlighted that the majority that respondents’of respondents do supportnot provide was any supportaligned (60%) to whiletheir the alma remaining mater 40 (73%)per cent (Referdo (Refer to to table Table 25,25, section secti A).on The B). resultsNonetheless, also highlighted 81 that per respondents’ cent of the support 86 respondents was aligned to theirexpressed alma mater an (73%)interest (Refer in to assisti table 25, ng sectionother B). Nonetheless,schools. 81 per cent of the 86 respondents expressed an interest in assisting other schools.

Table 25: Assistance with education Section Question Frequency Per cent A Do you currently provide any support, financial or otherwise to education in Jamaica Yes 127 40% No 185 60% B Do you focus your efforts at your alma mater? Yes 93 73% No 34 27% C Are you interested in assisting other school Yes 70 81% No 16 19% D Are you interested in channelling your support through the National Education Trust (NET) in Jamaica Yes 147 55% No 122 45%

58 57 4.84.8 Experience EXPERIENCE and Awareness AND of Trade AWARENESS Agreements OF TRADE AGREEMENTS

TheThe survey survey assessed assessed respondents’ respondents’ awareness awarenessof and experience of and using experience the provisions using of free the trade provisionsagreements involvingof free Jamaica.trade agreements Respondents were involving asked whether Jamaica. they Respondents were aware of anywere benefit asked under whether they were aware of any benefi t under existi ng trade agreements to existing trade agreements to which Jamaica is a party. Approximately four in every five respondents said which Jamaica is a party. Approximately four in every fi ve respondents said that theythat they were were not not awareaware of of any any benefit. benefi However, t. However, one in five onerespondents in fi ve did respondents say that they were did aware say of thatbenefit(s) they under were one aware or more of existing benefi trade t(s) agreements under one to whichor more Jamaica existi is a signatoryng trade (23%) agreements (See Table 26, tosection which A). Jamaica is a signatory (23%) (See Table 26, secti on A).

Nevertheless,Nevertheless, most most of the ofrespondents the respondents who were aware who of atwere least oneaware trade of agreement at least indicated one trade that they agreementhave never used indicated the provision(s) that ofthey Jamaica’s have free never trade toused benefit the from provision(s) importation or of exportation Jamaica’s of any free trade to beneﬁ t from importati on or exportati on of any product(s) (87%). product(s) (87%). However, 13 per cent of those who were aware indicated that they have used the However, 13 per cent of those who were aware indicated that they have used the provisionprovision of ofJamaica’s Jamaica’s free trade free to trade benefit to from beneﬁ the preferentialt from the importation preferenti or exportational importati of product(s) on or exportati(Refer to table on 26, of section product(s) B). (Refer to table 26, secti on B).

Table 24: Experiences and awareness of trade agreement Section Question Frequency Per cent A Are you aware of any benefit under the existing trade agreement in which Jamaica is involved such as CARIFORUM‐EU, EPA? Yes 82 23% No 270 77% B Have you ever used the provision of Jamaica’s free trade to benefit from the preferential importation or exportation of any products? Yes 11 13% No 71 87% C Are there any specific foreign countries that you would wish to see Jamaica obtaining market access in order to better assist you in your business activity? Yes 159 57% No 118 43%

59 No 34 27% C Are you interested in assisting other school Yes 70 81% No 16 19% D Are you interested in channelling your support through the National Education Trust (NET) in Jamaica Yes 147 55% 5 DETAILEDNo FINDING — GROUP122 DATA 45%

4. DETAILED FINDING — GROUP DATA 5.1 PROFILE OF ORGANIZATIONS 4.1 Profile of Organizations

Country of Origin/Establishment Country of Origin/Establishment Representati ves of organizati ons were asked to indicate the country/province Representatives of organizations were asked to indicate the country/province in which their organization in which their organizati on was established. It was found that 67 per cent of organizatiwas established. ons Thewere results established showed that in 67% the of organizationUnited States noted of that America their entity while was established13 per cent in th e wereUnited established States of America in the while United 13% said Kingdom. that their organization Another established 13 per cent in the indicated United Kingdom. that theAnother enti13% tyindicated was establishedthat the entity in was multi established ple Caribbean in multiple Caribbeancountries countries including: including Trinidad: Trinidad and and Tobago,Tobago, St. St. Lucia, Lucia, Bahamas, Bahamas, Dominica Dominica and Jamaica and (refer Jamaica to table 27)(refer. to table 27).

Table 27: Distributions of organizations by country of origin Country Percentage United States of America 67% United Kingdom 13% Canada 3.3% Japan 3.3% Caribbean countries (Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia, 13% Bahamas, Dominica and Jamaica) Total 100%

Years of Existence Years of Existence A combined total of 43% of participating organizations reported that they have been in existence for ten A combined total of 43 per cent of parti cipati ng organizati ons reported that they years or more. This included 17% that have been in existence for the last 16-20 years and 23% that have have been in existence for ten years or more. This included 17 per cent that been in existence for over 25 years. However, more than half of respondents (57%) have been in existence have been in existence for the last 16 to 20 years and 23 per cent that have been in existence for over 25 years. However, more than half of the parti cipati ng organizati on (57%) have been in existence for 10 years or less, with 40 per cent 60 being in existence for 1 to 5 years and 17 per cent operati ng for 6 to 10 years (refer to ﬁ gure 22).

60 for 10 years or less with 40% being in existence for 1-5 years and 17% operating for 6-10 years (refer to figure 22).

Figure 22: Number of years the organization existing

Number of Years the Organization Existing 50%

40% 40%

30% 23%

20% 17% 17% % of of Respondents % % of of Respondents % 10% 3% 0% 0% 1-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-25 years Over 25 years Years

Mode of Interaction Organizations Employ Modes Mode of ofInteracti Interaction on OrganizationsCBOs Employ Employ

Representati ves of organizati ons were asked to indicate how their core team Representatives of organizations were asked to indicate how their core team interacted the functioning of interactedRepresentatives for the of organiza functitions oning were asked of tothe indicate group. how their The core teammost interacted common the functioning mode of of interactithe group. on The organizati most common ons mode uti lized of interaction was ‘in organizations person’ utilized (67%). was This‘in person’ was (67%). followed This by was teleconferencefollowed by teleconference (21%). Other (21%). platf Other orms platforms used used to facilitateto facilitate meetingmeeti ofng core of coreteam membersteam in membersCBO’s included: in CBO’s Google included: chat (3%); Google Skype (3%); chat e -mail(3%); (3%); Skype and bi (3%);-annual e-mail conference (3%); (3%) and (Refer bi- to figure annual23). conference (3%) (Refer to ﬁ gure 23).

Figure 23: Mode of interactions Community-Based Organization Employ Mode of Interactions Community-Based Organization Employ 80% 67% 70% 67%

60% 50% 40% 30% 21% % of of Respondents % % of of Respondents % 20%

10% 3% 3% 3% 3% 0% In person Teleconference Google Chat Skype Email Bi-annual conference

Frequency of Meeti ngs Frequency of Meeting

The parti cipati ng CBOs also indicated the frequency of their group meeti ngs. TheFrequency data showed of Meeting that more than half (52%) of the organizati ons meet on a Respondents were asked to indicate the frequency of meeting. The data showed that more than half (52%) monthly basis, whereas only fourteen per cent meet bi-monthly. 17 per cent of theRespondents partireported cipati were that ngasked they organizati metto indicate on a monthly theons frequency basis.indicated Fourteen of meeting. that per centThe they datasaid thatshowed meet they onthat met more abi -monthly quarterly than half while (52%) basis. 17% met Thereported remainingon athat quarterly they per met basis. cent on Thea advised monthly remainder basis. that met Fourteen they on an meet ‘adper hoccent on’ basis said an that(7%)‘ad theyhoc’or meetings met basis bi-monthly were (7%) on orwhile-going that 17% (7%) met (refer to meetion a quarterlyfigurengs were24 )basis.. on-going The remainder (7%) met(refer on anto ‘ad ﬁ gurehoc’ basis24). (7%) or meetings were on-going (7%) (refer to figure 24). Figure 24: Frequency of meetings by Community-based Organization

Figure 24:60% Frequency Frequency of meetings of by Meeting Community by Community-based Organization-Based Organization 52%

50% 60% Frequency of Meeting by Community-Based Organization 52% 40%

50% 30% 40% 17% 20% 14% 30% % of of Respondents % 7% 7% 10% 17% 3% 20% 14%

% of of Respondents % 0% 10% 7% 7% Monthly Quarterly Bi-monthly Ad Hoc On-going 3% Annually 0% Monthly Quarterly Bi-monthly Ad Hoc On-going Annually

Membership Size Membership Size MembershipThe survey Size captured the membership size of participating organizations. Forty-five per cent reported that The survey captured the membership size of parti cipati ng organizati ons. Forty- The surveytheir membershipcaptured the size membership was 1-20 individualssize of participating. However, organization 31% indicateds. Forty that- fivethey per have cent a membershipreported that of over ﬁ ve per200 cent individuals. reported Three thatper cent their has a membership membership of 21 included-40 individuals, 1 to 14% 20 had individuals. a membership of 41-60 However,their membership 31 per size cent was 1 indicated-20 individuals that. However, they 31% have indicated a membership that they have ofa membership over 200 of over individuals. The remainder disclosed that their membership size is 61-80 individuals. individuals.200 individuals. Three Three per per centcent has has a membershipa membership of 21-40 of individuals, 21 to 40 14% individuals, had a membership 14 per of 41-60 centindividuals. has 41 Theto 60remainder individuals disclosed and that the their remainder membership disclosedsize is 61-80 individuals.that their membership Figure 25: Membership size of organizations Figure 25: MembershipMembership size of organizations Size of Organization 50% 45% Membership Size of Organization 50% 40% 45% 31% 40%

30% 31% 30% 20% 14% % of of Respondents % 20% 10% 7% 3%14%

% of of Respondents % 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 7% 3% 1- 20 21-40 41-60 61-800% 81-1000% 101-1200% 121- 1400% 141-1600% 161-1800% 181-200 Over 200 0% Members 1- 20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121- 140 141-160 161-180 181-200 Over 200

Members 62

62 9 Types ofTypes Support of Support Oﬀ ered Offered by Organizati by Organizations ons10

Organizati ons were asked to indicate the types of support that they provide. The mostOrganizations common were type asked of to support indicate theindicated types of supportby responding that they provide.CBOs wasThe mostsocial common support type of (31%),support followed indicated by by responding ﬁ nancial CBOs support was social (28%) support and (31%), in-kind followed support. by financial Medical support support (28%) and in‐ (10%),kind support. employment Medical support opportuniti (10%), employment es (3%), opportunitiesand training (3%), (5%) and trainingwere also (5%) wereamongst also amongst the listthe oflist waysof ways thatthat participating parti cipati organizations ng organizati offer support ons tooﬀ Jamaica er support (Refer to totable Jamaica 28). (Refer to table 28). Table 26: Types of support organizations provided to community/country Support Types Frequency Per cent Employment opportunities 1 3% Financial support 11 28% In‐kind support 9 23% Medical support 4 10% Social support 12 31% Training 2 5% Total 39 100%

ExamplesExamples of of social social support support provided provided by respondents by respondents include: include: · Preventi on programmes for sexual abuse against children  Prevention programmes for sexual abuse against children · Sensiti zati on on success and holisti c living  · SensitizationDevelopment on success programmes and holistic living designed to create a comprehensive system  Developmentwhere young programmes women designedare able toto createuse sports a comprehensive as a vehicle systemfor educati where onalyoung womenatt ainment,are able to healthy use sports lifestyle as a vehiclechoices for and educational social developmentattainment, healthy lifestyle · choicesThanksgiving and social development Outreach for the needy.  Thanksgiving Outreach for the needy. Financial support consti tuted: · Scholarships to students to pay for school fees for local and internati onal Financial support constituted: schools, uniforms and textbooks  · ScholarshipsDiscounts to students for students to pay forto schoolatt end fees functi for local ons and international schools, uniforms and · textbooksSalary for top level football coaches  Discounts for students to attend functions Examples Salary of forin-kind top level support football coaches were also indicated by the CBOs. These include: · Christmas gift s for the needy Examples· ofHurricane in‐kind support relief were also indicated by the CBOs. These include:  · ChristmasPurchase gifts for of the musical needy equipment, PCs for computer labs and school furniture  Hurricane relief · Backpacks, school supplies and scholarships to underprivileged children in Jamaica 9 Support· wasProvide measured incomputers, terms of different laptops, types of supportwater provided tanks byand an organization utensils/food and not supplies by the number for of CBOs that confirmed or denied giving support to Jamaica and the country’s development efforts. the Breakfast Programme 62 10 Support was measured in terms of different types of support provided by an organization and not by the number of CBOs that confirmed or denied giving support to Jamaica and the country’s development efforts. 63 5.2 Challenges and Opportunities for CBOs 5.2 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CBOS

Challenges Challenges OrganizatiOrganizations ons were were asked asked to tospecify specify challenge(s)challenge(s) that thatconfront confront their organization their organizati in carrying out on activities. A in carryingcount out of acti the responsesviti es. was A countproduced of andthe theresponses results shown was below. produced The most andcommon the challengeresults was access shown below. The most common challenge was access to funding (46%). This to funding (46%). This was followed by limited human resource (27%), difficulties importing goods and was followed by limited human resource (27%), diﬃ culti es importi ng goods and services into Jamaica and limited public education (12%) (Refer to table 29). services into Jamaica and limited public educati on (12%) (Refer to table 29).

Table 27: Challenges organization faced in carrying out activities Challenges Frequency Per cent Access to funding 12 46% Limited Human resource 7 27% Difficulties importing goods and 4 15% services into the country Limited public education 3 12% Grand Total 26 100%

RespondentsRespondents who highlightedwho highlighted funding funding challenges challenges generally generally indicated indicated that they that ‘lack they funding’. One ‘lack funding’.participant One specified parti that: cipant “Many speciﬁ funding ed agencies that: do“Many not appreciate funding the agenciessignificance doof conductingnot cancer appreciateresearch the signiﬁ in overseas cance populations of conducti given thatng cancermuch of researchthe funding indollars overseas are donated populati by US tax ons payers.” given that much of the funding dollars are donated by US tax payers.”

With regardsWith regards to CBOs to CBOs that that expressed expressed facing the the challenge challenge of limited of limited human resource human, the following resource,verbatim the following responses verbati were noted: m responses were noted: · I  need I need bett better er access access to authentic to Jamaican authenti products, c Jamaicancraftsmen, entertainers/performers; products, craft smen, entertainers/performers; Most young adults are not willing to work very hard and gain experience; · Most Not young enough adultsvolunteers are to host not events. willing to work very hard and gain experience; · Not enough volunteers to host events. As it pertains to the difficulties in importing goods and services into Jamaica, comments made included: As it pertains toShipping the diﬃmaterials culti down es in to Jamaica;importi ng goods and services into Jamaica, comments made We included: have a hard task clearing our shipment of goods without paying high fees; · Shipping Getting materials goods and downservices toin theJamaica; island ; · We haveThe clearing a hard of checkstask andclearing disbursement our shipment of funds through of goods the bank without is long and paying tedious. high fees;

· Getti ng goods and services in the island ; Respondents who spoke of limited public education noted that: · The clearing of checks and disbursement of funds through the bank is long and tedious.

64 Respondents who spoke of limited public educati on noted that: · The organizati on faces challenges with raising the consciousness of our people and bringing awareness to the importance of giving every child access to quality music educati on; · Our biggest challenge is to educate the people that help is available.

Informati onPlatform Sharing for Future Information Sharing Organizati ons indicated multi ple platf orms for sharing informati on with the diaspora whenOrganizations completi indicated ng the multiple questi information onnaire. sharing The platforms. most common The most platf common orm was noted social media (28%), was social primarily media via (28%), Facebook primarily, followed via by Facebook,e-mailing (24%), followed website (16%) by e-mailing, and events (24%),such as conference and website (16%),meetings and (6%) events (Refer such to table as 30) conference. The full list ofand information meeti sharingngs (6%) platforms (Refer that to participants table indicated is 30). The fullshown list belowof informati. on sharing platf orms that parti cipants indicated is shown below.

Table 30: Most preferred platforms for sharing information with the organization Platform Frequency Per cent Social media 14 28% E-mail 12 24% Website 8 16% Events 3 6% Blogs 2 4% Events 2 4% Radio 2 4% Word of mouth 2 4% Internet 1 2% Newsletter 1 2% Print media 1 2% Television 1 2% Traditional media 1 2% Grand Total 50 100%

5. CONCLUSION

The findings of the survey indicate that the diaspora consists of mostly females (56%) in the 24-44 years (40%) and 45-64 (48%) age groups. The survey responses indicate that whilst Jamaicans can be found in all around the world, with the majority concentrated in the United States of America (42%), United Kingdom (32%) and Canada (14%). They are connected to Jamaica primarily by birth (80%) and have been residing in their country of residence for 20 years or more (54%) and have various skill levels. They are holders of tertiary level education (more than half of the sample) while the remainder possesses vocational training (22%) or high school certification (20%). Their area of specializations includes but not limited to: entrepreneurship (12%), education (11%), and medical professions (9%).

Most maintain a relationship with Jamaica, which is demonstrated in their visits to the country in the65 last 12 months (49%) or 2-5 years ago (31%). They contribute to Jamaica’s development mainly by providing

66 6 | CONCLUSION

The ﬁ ndings of the survey indicate that the diaspora consists of mostly females (56%) in the 24 to 44 (40%) and 45 to 64 (48%) age groups. The survey responses indicate that whilst Jamaicans can be found all around the world, the majority are concentrated in the United States of America (42%), United Kingdom (32%) and Canada (14%). They are connected to Jamaica primarily by birth (80%) and have been residing in their country of residence for 20 years or more (54%) possessing various skill levels. The Jamaican diaspora members are primarily holders of terti ary level educati on (more than half of the sample) while the remainder possesses vocati onal training (22%) or high school certi ﬁ cati on (20%). Their areas of specializati on include but are not limited to: entrepreneurship (12%), educati on (11%), and medical professions (9%).

The data also shows that most members of the diaspora maintain a relati onship with Jamaica, which is demonstrated in their visits to the country that is mainly concentrated within the last year (49%), or 2 to 5 years ago (31%). The diaspora contributes to Jamaica’s development primarily by providing monetary (32%) and non-monetary contributi ons (19%) to family and friends, however only a minority conducts any sort investment in Jamaica (12%). Despite this reality, a majority of respondents have expressed an interest in receiving informati on about business and investment in Jamaica (87%), to ulti mately form business relati onships with the county in the next 1 to 5 years. Most respondents identi ﬁ ed that they would like to start their own business (37%) or partner with a Jamaican business (25%), chieﬂ y targeti ng the service sector which includes tourism (58%), the BPO sector (16%), agriculture (15%) and manufacturing (8%).

Nevertheless, despite the diaspora’s expressed interest in forming business relati onships with Jamaica, concerns were also highlighted by said individuals. These concerns were relati ng to: high corrupti on levels (16%); high crime and violence rates (13%); distrust of potenti al business partners in Jamaica (13%); the economy’s instability (11%); and the diﬃ culty in doing business in Jamaica (10%).

66 7 ANNEXES

6. ANNEXES ANNEX 1: Annex 1: Table 31: Shows list of countries/territories in which respondents resided Countries/territories Frequency Per cent 61 United States 960 41.8 60 United Kingdom 740 32.2 15 Canada 319 13.9 8 Bahamas 64 2.8 17 Cayman Islands 45 2.0 56 Trinidad and Tobago 28 1.2 9 Barbados 16 .7 27 Germany 17 .7 51 South Africa 11 .5 6 Australia 10 .4 59 United Arab Emirates 6 .3 12 Bermuda 4 .2 34 Japan 4 .2 38 Mexico 5 .2 39 Montserrat 4 .2 41 Netherlands 4 .2 1 Afghanistan 2 .1 10 Belgium 3 .1 13 Brazil 2 .1 14 British Virgin Islands 3 .1 18 China 2 .1 26 France 3 .1 28 Grenada 2 .1 29 Haiti 2 .1 36 Malawi 2 .1 40 Namibia 2 .1 42 Panama 2 .1 53 Sweden 2 .1

68 67 Countries/territories Frequency Per cent 54 Switzerland 3 .1 57 Turkey 2 .1 2 Aland Islands 1 .0 3 Algeria 1 .0 4 Anguilla 1 .0 7 Austria 1 .0 11 Benin 1 .0 16 Caribbean 1 .0 Netherlands 19 Colombia 1 .0 20 Costa Rica 1 .0 21 Cuba 1 .0 22 Curaçao 1 .0 23 Denmark 1 .0 24 Ethiopia 1 .0 25 Finland 1 .0 30 India 1 .0 31 Ireland 1 .0 32 Italy 1 .0 35 Lesotho 1 .0 37 Malta 1 .0 43 Poland 1 .0 44 Qatar 1 .0 45 Russia Federation 1 .0 46 Saudi Arabia 1 .0 47 Serbia 1 .0 48 Singapore 1 .0 49 Saint Maarten 1 .0 50 Slovenia 1 .0 52 Spain 1 .0 55 Thailand 1 .0 Countries62 United/territories States Minor Frequency1 Per.0 cent Outlying Islands

Total 2,298 100.0 69

70 ANNEX 2: Annex 2: Table 28: Catalogue of activities organizations hosted on a monthly basis Organization Name Event

A Blue Enigma None

Caribbean Marrow We conduct drives to recruit and HLA‐DNA type potential donors for patients in need of a Stem Cell / Bone Marrow transplant. We also offer free Ancestral Genetic studies to new donors and partner with corporate sponsors to fund drives, while promoting their companies. Education Gateway Jamaica Night ‐ Scholarship Event

Florida Black Farmer Farm festivals

Jamaica International Female Fundraising, awareness conferences, community outreach, international Football Development Inc. & local training camps, international and local talent scouting, college (JIFFD) scouting. Umbra Media Group, Reggae shows, fashion shows, community awareness programmes, distribute publications West Indian Social Club Anniversary ball celebration and independence week

69 ANNEX 3: Annex 3: Table 29: Catalogue of activities organizations hosted on quarterly basis Organization Name Name of Event

Jamaicans Inspired Showcase of Excellence, entrepreneur business events and the cultural show

Jamaicans Inspired UK The Showcase of Excellence where we have young people from within the diaspora perform, give motivational talks and showcase their talents to other young people within the diaspora. Do concerts, training events around entrepreneurship and sporting activities. Keys 4 Success We host quarterly workshops that help to assist parents and other caregivers in cultivating and developing a lasting appreciation of music in their children. The Hummingbird Fundraising Assn.

70 ANNEXAnnex 4: 4: Table 30: Catalogue of activities organizations hosted on annual basis Organization Name Name of Event

Alexander Company Annual sales meeting

BAN Foundation of Am The only activity that I have had so far is the launch that took place in Prickley Pole, St Ann back in 2010. As soon as we realize the positive financial outcome of our pending proposals on behalf of the foundation we will establish regular events and activities like a formal launch of the foundation, an annual gala in New York, and a biannual visit to different school communities in Jamaica. There are existing plans to establish a school in Mt Vernon New York, which will be hopefully a successful venture under the charter of the foundation. Eco Save Inc. Ltd Montego Bay Convention Center for marketing of our products.

Jamaica American Annual July 4th picnic, independence celebration, folk & storytelling, annual Association of Northern to raffle to raise monies for scholarship fund, medical equipment drive for California Jamaica, Christmas party, film festival, feature Jamaican plays, thanksgiving outreach Love Unlimited Found We don't have any in Miami presently, but we are putting together upcoming events for 2015. National Association of National Convention Jamaican Supportive Organizations New Day School Alumnae Dinner dance/picnic Association New York Chapter R.D SIMPSON FUND Gospel concert

Team Jamaica Bickle, Penn Relays, 5Ks in New York & Fort Lauderdale, more cities to be added

The Hummingbirds Ass Annual Labour Day Cook‐Out Independence church service Annual independence fun day International Cultural Festival participation Christmas party Banquets Versan Educational Fairs, symposia, parent's meeting Services

71 ANNEXAnnex 5: 5: Table 31: Catalogue of activities organizations hosted on a bi‐annual basis Organization Name Name of Event

American Cancer Consortium The Biannual African Caribbean Cancer Consortium Conference Conference3 Immaculate Conception High Dinner dance School Alumnae Association Boat ride Mass Luncheons Mighty Gully Youth Project Annual meeting

ORG INTL DEVELOPMENT Annual spring fundraising luncheon Annual spring gala Carib Japan Bi‐monthly get together

JIFFD We have a netball/football tournament coming up for Labor Day and it is open to the Jamaican Diaspora as well as the entire community.

72 AnnexANNEX 6: 6:

Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Survey

Thank you for deciding to take the survey. This survey is confidential and at no time will your information be disclosed to third parties.

The survey is intended to obtain information on the skills that exist in the diaspora as well as gauge your willingness to contribute to Jamaica’s development. It also seeks to capture the needs, concerns, and issues members of the Diaspora have in their respective locations. The results of the survey will guide the government’s engagement of the diaspora and strengthen partnerships.

PERSONAL DATA

1. First Name Last Name

2. Sex:

 Male  Female

3. Please indicate your age group:

 18 ‐ 24  25 – 29  30 – 34  35 – 39  40 – 44  45 – 49  50 – 54  55 – 59  60 – 64  65 – 69  70 – 74  75 – 79 80 and above

8 Select Marital Status  Single  Married  Divorced  Widow (er)  Separated

5a. E‐mail address

5b. other contact information (optional)

73 6a. What is your current country of residence?

6b. What is your current city/state of residence?

7. How long have you lived in your current country of residence?

 0‐5 yrs.  6‐10 yrs.  11‐15 yrs.  15‐20 yrs.  20 years and above

8. Please indicate your Jamaican heritage:

 Jamaican by birth  Jamaican by descent  Jamaican by marriage  Jamaican by naturalization  Jamaican by registration

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

9. Please indicate your highest level of education:

 High School or Equivalent Associate Degree  Certificate/Diploma/Vocational  Undergraduate degree  Postgraduate degree Masters  Postgraduate degree PhD  Other please specify:

PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE

11a. Please select your areas of specialization (Please do not select more than 3)

 Faith Based  Not for Profit/Charitable  Education (policy and administration, teaching, continuing/adult education, etc.)  Medical Profession (medical doctor, nursing)  Public Health (policy/administration, pharmacology, nutrition, bio‐medicine, etc.)  Information and Communication Technology (IT, information/communication specialists, software developer, hardware, programmer, etc.)  Creative industries (animation, graphic design, mobile application development)  Entertainment/Performing Arts  Travel and Tourism  Public Relations / Communications / Marketing  Community/Social Work/Advocacy  Conflict Resolution/Peacebuilding  Youth Worker  Human and Social Rights Expert (Protection)

74  Gender Expert  Counselling/Psychology  Humanitarian (emergency preparedness and response)  Disaster management / Risk Resilience  Public Policy and Legislation  Judiciary (Lawyer, public defender, judge, district attorney)  Law Enforcement  Corrections (prison management)  Agriculture (farming, livestock, fisheries, forestry, etc.)  Veterinary Medicine  Human Resource Management and Development/Organizational Development  Business/Entrepreneurship  Labour Relations / Recruitment  Management and Leadership  Retail operations  Customer Service  Supply Chain Management  Stevedoring  Shipping and maritime  Air Traffic control  Public Service and Administration (central, regional and local governance)  Public Finance Management (financial planning, financial management, comptroller and accounting etc.)  Financial Service Sector (money transfer, financial analyst, planning and investment, etc.)  Journalism/Media (broadcast journalism, print journalism, online journalism, etc.)  Training Methodologies/Transfer of Knowledge Processes  Engineering (civil, chemical, mechanical, electrical/electronic, water, environmental, etc.)  Construction  Architecture  Vocational/Technical skills (plumbing, carpentry, auto mechanics etc.)  Logistics management and Procurement  Oil and Energy  Sports and Culture  Aviation  Other (Please specify):

11b. In which one of these specializations do you currently working:

75  Conflict Resolution/Peacebuilding  Youth Worker  Human and Social Rights Expert (Protection)  Gender Expert  Counselling/Psychology  Humanitarian (emergency preparedness and response)  Disaster Management / Risk Resilience  Public Policy and Legislation  Judiciary (Lawyer, public defender, judge, district attorney)  Law Enforcement  Corrections (prison management)  Agriculture (farming, livestock, fisheries, forestry, etc.)  Veterinary Medicine  Human Resource Management and Development/Organizational Development  Labour Relations / Recruitment  Business/Entrepreneurship  Labour Relations / Recruitment  Management and Leadership  Retail operations  Customer Service  Supply Chain Management  Stevedoring  Shipping and maritime  Air Traffic control  Public Service and Administration (central, regional and local governance)  Public Finance Management (financial planning, financial management, comptroller and accounting etc.)  Financial Service Sector (money transfer, financial analyst, planning and investment, etc.)  Journalism/Media (broadcast journalism, print journalism, online journalism, etc.)  Training Methodologies/Transfer of Knowledge Processes  Engineering (civil, chemical, mechanical, electrical/electronic, water, environmental, etc.)  Construction  Architecture  Vocational/Technical skills (plumbing, carpentry, auto mechanics etc.)  Logistics management and Procurement  Oil and Energy  Sports and Culture  Aviation  Other (Please specify):

ISSUES AND CONCERNS

12a. What are your issues and concerns in your country of residence:

 Immigration Policies  Job opportunities  Portability (transfer) of Pensions  Portability (transfer) of Health Benefits  Integration of migrants  Other, please specify:

12b. What are your main concerns regarding Jamaica

 Health  Education  Job opportunities  Investment opportunities  Economy  Security  Service delivery by government departments  Other, please specify

LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT IN JAMAICA

13a. When did you last visit Jamaica?

 Less than 12 months ago  2‐5 years  6‐10 years  11‐ 15 years  More than 15 years  Never

13b. What would encourage you to visit more often?

14a. Have you ever contributed to Jamaica’s development through any of the following areas (select all that apply):

 In kind/non‐monetary Charitable contributions  Monetary Charitable contributions  Pro Bono work  In kind/non‐monetary contributions to family/friends  Monetary contributions to family/friends  Investment  Other (please specify):  Prefer not to say  Not applicable

14b. In what capacity did you contribute:

 Individual  Group  Both

14c. How often do you provide these contributions:

 Weekly  Twice a month  Monthly  Every six months

77  Yearly  Other – please specify:

15a. Are you a member of any Community‐Based (Diaspora) Group/Organization/Association?

 Yes  No 15b. If yes, please state the name and contact information of the group/organization/association

15c. What form of support do you provide?

 Educational materials and equipment (books and computers)  Medical Missions  Medical equipment and supplies  Clothing  Monetary  Professional Skills to institutions  Other: Please specify

16. In what capacity would you be willing to support Jamaica’s development (select all that apply)?

 Temporary/short term employment  Permanent/long term employment  Volunteer  Investment  Retirement  Charitable contributions  Remittances  Community development  Sharing acquired knowledge/skills (i.e. through present and/or virtual teaching)  Other (please specify)______ None 17. If considering returning to Jamaica, what information/assistance would be required to facilitate your return? (Optional)

COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS

18. How do you receive news or information about Jamaica (please select all that apply)?

 TV  Radio  Newspaper/Magazines  Website and Blogs  Word of mouth  Telephone  Social Media  E‐mail  I do not receive news or information about Jamaica  Jamaican Missions Overseas  Other (Please specify)

Before you go please tell us where you learnt of the Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora project?

 Diaspora Groups/Associations  Online Media (please specify)  Internet Search  Embassy/Consulate  Social Networks (e.g. Twitter/Facebook /LinkedIn)  Other (please specify):

Thank you for taking the time to complete the survey. A confirmation e‐mail will be sent to you shortly.

79 AnnexANNEX 7: 7:

Draft Survey Form- Business and Investment

Mapping Jamaica's Diaspora Project

1. Are you interested in receiving information on business and investment opportunities in Jamaica? If yes, please answer 1b; If no, please state why below. ( ) Yes ( ) No

1b. What information would interest you?

 Projects for investment  Businesses for sale  General business information, e.g. starting a business  Information on a specific sector (If yes, please proceed to Question 1c)

1c. Which of these specific sectors would you be interested in?

 Business Process Outsourcing  Agriculture  Tourism  Manufacturing  Services  Other (Please specify) ______

2. Are you interested in forming a business relationship with Jamaica? If yes, please proceed to Questions 2b and 2c; If no, please state why below. ( ) Yes ( ) No

2b. Which of the following business opportunities would you be open to pursuing?

 Starting my own business  Partnering with a Jamaican business  Investing in the Jamaican stock market  Buying Jamaican government bonds  Importing Jamaican products  Supporting a Jamaican charity  Connecting with Jamaican businesses online

2c. How soon would you be prepared to invest?

 1‐5 years  6‐10 years  11‐15 years  16‐20 years  20 years or more

80 3. What in your opinion are some of the factors which account for the limited involvement of the Diaspora in the area of investment and business in Jamaica?

4. What can the Government of Jamaica do to improve the involvement of the Diaspora in business and investment?

5. Are you aware of any of the benefits under existing trade agreements/arrangements in which Jamaica is involved, such as the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA, CARIBCAN, and the CBI etc.? Yes ( ) No ( )

6a. Have you ever used the provisions of Jamaica’s free trade agreements to benefit from the preferential importation or exportation of any product(s)?

Yes ( ) No ( )

6b. Please indicate whether you have experienced any challenges in securing preferential duty access for your product(s) entering Jamaica or a Jamaican partner country, and provide any details of your experience? (Asked if response to question 6 is yes.)

Yes ( ) No ( )

7. How can the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade better assist you in understanding and learning more about Jamaica’s trade agreements?

8a. Are there any specific foreign/third countries to which you would wish to see Jamaica have preferential market access, in order to better assist you in your business activities?

Yes ( ) No ( )

8b. Please indicate the countries of interest.

81 AnnexANNEX 8: 8:

Draft Survey Form- Education

Mapping Jamaica's Diaspora Project

1a. What area(s) of education in Jamaica do you have an interest in supporting:

 Books  Infrastructure  Teacher Training  Sporting gear and equipment  Nutrition  Computers and other equipment  Other, please specify

1b. Why are you interested in the above selected area(s)?

2a. Do you currently provide any support, financial or otherwise, to education in Jamaica?

Yes ( ) No ()

2b. Please indicate which area(s) you currently support (2b, c and d will only be relevant if answer is yes to 2a)

 Books  Infrastructure  Teacher Training  Sporting gear and equipment  Nutrition  Computers and other equipment Other, please specify 2c. Is there anything the National Education Trust (NET), Jamaica could do to assist you in your efforts?

2d. Do you focus your efforts at your alma mater?

Yes () No()

2e. Are you interested in assisting other schools?

Yes ( ) No ( )

3. If you are not currently providing support for the development of education in Jamaica are you interested in making a donation?

Yes ( ) No ( ) Not applicable ( )

4. Are you interested in channeling this support through the National Education Trust (NET), Jamaica?

82 AnnexANNEX 9: 9:

Mapping Jamaica’s Diaspora Survey Diaspora Group/Organization/Association Form

How many members are there in your organization?  1 – 20  21 – 40

 41 – 60  61 ‐ 80

 81 ‐ 100  101 – 120

 141 – 160  161 ‐ 180

 181 ‐200  over 200

 41 – 60  61 ‐ 80

What special events/activities do you have that allows large gatherings of the diaspora?

When do you host your events?  Monthly  Quarterly

 Yearly  Bi‐monthly

 Bi‐annually

What kind of support do you provide to institutions and/or communities in your home country?

What challenges do you face (if any) in carrying out these activities?

Based on your Organization’s experience, what is the best way to share information with the Diaspora?

Are you willing to share with us your calendar of events? If yes, please share this information with us here.

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey.

83 NOTES

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