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Pistia Stratiotes, Water Lettuce The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T168937A84295055 Scope: Global Language: English Pistia stratiotes, Water Lettuce Assessment by: Beentje, H.J., Drius, M. & Gupta, A.K. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Beentje, H.J., Drius, M. & Gupta, A.K. 2017. Pistia stratiotes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T168937A84295055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017- 1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Copyright: © 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Arales Araceae Taxon Name: Pistia stratiotes L. Regional Assessments: • Pan-Africa Common Name(s): • English: Water Lettuce • French: Laitue d'Eau, Pistie, Salade du Nil • Spanish: Lechuguilla de Agua, Repollo de Agua Taxonomic Notes: It is commonly known as Chhota Kumbhi or Water Lettuce. Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Published: 2017 Date Assessed: May 12, 2016 Justification: This aquatic plant is widespread and common in most parts of the tropics. It faces no major threats and it is considered as an invasive in many countries. The species is assessed as Least Concern. Previously Published Red List Assessments 2011 – Least Concern (LC) http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T168937A6551772.en Geographic Range Range Description: This is a pantropical species: its geographical origins are uncertain but it possibly originated in Gondwana. It has been introduced and has become naturalised in many subtropical countries. Country Occurrence: Native: Afghanistan; Angola (Angola); Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); Bangladesh; Belize; Benin; Bolivia, Plurinational States of; Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Central African Republic; Chad; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guadeloupe; © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; India; Indonesia (Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Papua, Sumatera); Jamaica; Kenya; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Mali; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Montserrat; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Pakistan; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Puerto Rico; Rwanda; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Somalia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); South Sudan; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Swaziland; Taiwan, Province of China; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Togo; Uganda; United States (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas); Uruguay; Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Zambia; Zimbabwe © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Distribution Map Pistia stratiotes © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Population This is a common weed of waterways that may sometimes overwhelm water bodies with its abundance. It is widespread in rivers, lakes and ponds of the tropics, and is considered invasive in many countries. Current Population Trend: Stable Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) It is a free-floating plant that is capable of forming dense mats on the surfaces of lakes, ponds and other open, still freshwater bodies. It reproduces vegetatively. Systems: Freshwater Use and Trade In China, this plant is cultivated for animal feed and is used to treat swelling and urinary tract infections. The paste of leaves, served to cattle, causes lactation and increases milk quantity. It also has use as an ornamental aquarium plant. It is used as fuel, as a source for the production of methane gas. It has potential to be used as animal fodder. Threats Rather than being subject to major threats this plant, where it has been introduced, can pose a threat to native species. Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) No conservation measures in place or needed. Credits Assessor(s): Beentje, H.J., Drius, M. & Gupta, A.K. Reviewer(s): Luke, W.R.Q. Facilitators(s) and Maiz-Tome, L. Compiler(s): © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Bibliography Chen, J. and Stevenson, D.W. 2006. Flora of China. Available at: www.efloras.org. Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars- grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January). GRIN. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network – (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl. Haigh, A. & Bognor, J. 2012. Stylochaeton. In: J.R. Timberlake & E.S. Martins (ed.), Flora Zambesiaca, Araceae, Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. Mayo, S.J. (ed.). 1985. Flora ofTtropical East Africa. Araceae. In: R. Polhill (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa, pp. 71. published on behalf of the East African governments by A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org. Odjegba, V.J. and Fasidi, I.O. 2003. Accumulation of Trace Elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13(7): 637-646. WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/. Citation Beentje, H.J., Drius, M. & Gupta, A.K. 2017. Pistia stratiotes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T168937A84295055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use. External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Appendix Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.7. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Resident Suitable Yes Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.5. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Resident Suitable Yes Lakes (over 8ha) Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning Action Recovery plan: No Systematic monitoring scheme: No In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management Conservation sites identified: Yes, over part of range Occur in at least one PA: Unknown Area based regional management plan: No Invasive species control or prevention: No In-Place Species Management Harvest management plan: No Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: No Subject to ex-situ conservation: No In-Place Education Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: No Included in international legislation: No Subject to any international management/trade controls: No Additional Data Fields © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 0 Upper elevation limit (m): 1800 Population Continuing decline of mature individuals: No Population severely fragmented: Unknown Habitats and Ecology Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: No © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pistia stratiotes – published in 2017. 7 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T168937A84295055.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
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