Aspectos Da Involução Uterina Em Ovelhas Da Raça Santa Inês

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Aspectos Da Involução Uterina Em Ovelhas Da Raça Santa Inês UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS ESCOLA DE VETERINÁRIA Márcio Gianordoli Teixeira Gomes Influência do ambiente térmico e de diferentes dietas na superovulação e nos parâmetros fisiológicos de ovelhas Santa Inês Belo Horizonte 2011 Márcio Gianordoli Teixeira Gomes Influência do ambiente térmico e de diferentes dietas na superovulação e nos parâmetros fisiológicos de ovelhas Santa Inês Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Zootecnia. Área de concentração: Produção Animal Orientador: Prof. Dr. Iran Borges. Belo Horizonte 2011 Gomes, Márcio Gianordoli Teixeira, 1981- G633i Influência do ambiente térmico e de diferentes dietas na superovulação e nos parâmetros fisiológicos de ovelhas Santa Inês / Márcio Gianordoli Teixeira Gomes. – 2011. 243p. : il. Orientador: Iran Borges Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Inclui bibliografia 1. Ovelha – Criação – Teses. 2. Ovelha – Alimentação e rações – Teses. 3. Dieta em veterinária – Teses. 4. Ovulação – Teses. I. Borges, Iran. II. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. III. Título. CDD – 636.308 5 Aos meus pais, Tatiana e Márcio, por tudo que sou. Sem eles nada disso seria possível. A Deborah, minha companheira de vida, por toda dedicação. Apoio constante e incondicional. O ESPIRITO CAPIXABA No principio eram os morros, o mar e a Mata Atlântica, em restingas e tabuleiros Verdejantes. No meio, os brasis, e em constante confronto os puris, tupis, tapuias. E como os portugueses chegaram no domingo do Espírito Santo, em 23 de maio de 1535, Espírito Santo a terra se chamou. E como se plantavam pequenas roças, em tupi chamadas de Capixabas, seus moradores se tornaram os capixabas. (...) O autentico capixaba, capixaba que se preza, entanto, continua o mesmo: gozador (enxovador, como se dizia), brincalhão, amigo à primeira vista, guloso de frutos do mar, sempre em busca de “um futuro esperançoso” para citar de novo o hino. Futuro esperançoso que chegará, um dia (...) Renato Pacheco, capixaba, escritor, jurista e professor universitário (in memorian) AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor, mestre e amigo Iran Borges, pelos ensinamentos transmitidos que ajudaram na execução deste trabalho e ajudarão por toda minha vida. Eterna gratidão! Ao NEPPER, muito mais que um grupo de pesquisa e trabalho, um grupo de amigos! A todos que estiveram presentes neste grupo durante minha jornada do doutorado. Todos sabem o quanto me ajudaram. Sem a necessidade de citar nomes, obrigado a todos! Ao professor Marc Henry, pela co-orientação e ajuda durante o experimento. Obrigado por abrir as portas desta Instituição de Ensino para mim. Ao professor Helton Mattana, pela co-orientação e ajuda durante a qualificação. Ao professor e amigo Paulo Ricardo pelo apoio, incentivo e conversas agradáveis. Por quê só aparecem fotos do Santos FC em preto e branco? Aos professores Elias Facury e Antônio Último pelas constantes conversas. Grande apoio. À minha mãe, Tatiana, por todo amor, colo, amizade, conversas, sugestões, ajuda e incentivo. Exemplo profissional e acadêmico. Minha profunda admiração. Ao meu pai, Márcio, pelo amor, amizade, apoio, estrutura e exemplos. Pelo incentivo à minha profissão. Minha profunda admiração. À Deborah Alves, minha companheira e amiga, por compartilhar toda sua vida e, portanto, este trabalho, ao meu lado. Sempre me dando força, carinho, afeto e cedendo de forma excepcional seus conhecimentos teóricos para me ajudar ainda mais. Jinha, mais uma vez, meu muito obrigado! Aos meus irmãos que tanto amo e me fazem feliz. Obrigado por sempre compreenderem minha distância. Aos meus avós, meus segundos pais, pelo amor, alegria, incentivo e exemplos. A Leandro, amigo e companheiro, pela dedicação, ajuda, orientação, preocupação e amizade. Minha gratidão. A Veridiana Basoni, “Veri”, meu muito obrigado mesmo, não há palavras para lhe agradecer. Grande amizade que construímos! A Tassinha, braço direito e esquerdo, ajuda inestimável. Muito, muito obrigado! A Fabiana Varago, pela amizade e ajuda incondicional na reprodução. Imensa contribuição. Aos meus grandes amigos ao longo de toda minha vida mineira, Léo, Fernando e Jair, pelas conversas, parceria, ajuda, música e amizade a todo momento e a toda hora. Ao Jorgito, grande pessoa, obrigado pelos aconselhamentos e apoio estatístico. Aos amigos ao longo do doutorado: Luigi (“Preguiçólogo”), Carlinnhos (Menino Carlinhos), Negão (Não nega não!), Hemilly (Parabéns, a única pessoa que consegue me deixar sem graça.), Pedro (Guerreiro!), Bellinha e Dedéia (além de competentes são um doce.), Tia Nique (Mãezona), Léo Rago (Tululu), Bel e Gilberto (Bebel e Botinho, princípio da minha vida “Galponiona”), Gustavinho (Micuim), Corneta (Presente de amigo secreto mais original que já ganhei), Profa. Cláudia (Muito bacana, boas conversas.), Betina (Bets) e Arashiro (Salve, salve Nação Rubro Negra!). Aos amigos da “pelada” e trabalho, Adão, Joãozinho e Palinha, valeu! Ao Sorín e Pitágoras de Pedro Leopoldo, apoio constante na fazenda. Obrigado. As meninas do Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, obrigado pela ajuda. Aos recentes membros do NEPPER que surgiram e também me ajudarm bastante, Vandeberg (Ou Eppendorf? Ou Kronenbier?), Nhayandra (“Comportamentóloga”) e Angêlica (Será que vou ter que aturar lá no Tocantins também?). Á todos os funcionários do LabNutri, em especial ao Toninho, Kelly e Marcos, obrigado. À Neuzinha e Rodrigão, por compartilharem o Iran conosco, pela educação e simpatia. A todas as pessoas que me ajudaram em qualquer parte deste trabalho, principalmente aos demais estagiários que contribuíram em algum momento do experimento. A toda minha família pelo amor incondicional, apoio emocional, incentivo e admiração. Obrigado por compreenderem minha loooonga ausência. Aos amigos do Xerox, pela amizade, grande atenção e presteza. À Heloísa, do colegiado de pós-graduação, pela enorme presteza e profissionalismo. À CAPES, pela bolsa de estudos concedida durante parte do período do curso. Ao CNPq, pelo financiamento do projeto de pesquisa. SUMÁRIO CAPÍTULO 1 1 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................. 25 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ............................................................................ 26 2.1 ANATOMIA E HISTOLOGIA DOS OVÁRIOS ............................................................. 26 2.2 FISIOLOGIA E ESTACIONALIDADE REPRODUTIVA DAS OVELHAS ............................. 27 2.3 ATIVAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO FOLICULAR ...................................................... 28 2.4 FUNÇÃO DOS FOLÍCULOS OVARIANOS ................................................................ 30 2.4.1 Tipos de folículos ................................................................................. 30 2.4.2 Ativação dos folículos primordiais ..................................................... 31 2.4.3 Gonadotrofinas e sistema IGF atuando no desenvolvimento folicular ............................................................................................................ 31 2.4.4 Ativina e Folistatina .............................................................................. 34 2.5 INIBIDORES DE CRESCIMENTO ............................................................................ 35 2.6 CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DOS FOLÍCULOS ANTRAIS ................................................. 35 2.7 CRESCIMENTO TERMINAL DOS FOLÍCULOS ANTRAIS............................................. 36 2.8 DURAÇÃO DA FOLICULOGÊNESE ........................................................................ 38 2.9 SUPER OVULAÇÃO (SO) EM OVELHAS ............................................................... 38 2.10 FALHAS NA RESPOSTA À SUPER OVULAÇÃO ...................................................... 39 2.10.1 Falha na responsividade folicular ao FSH ...................................... 40 2.10.2 Falhas ligadas ao Corpo Lúteo (CL) ................................................ 42 2.10.3 Ordem de Coletas ............................................................................. 44 2.11 ESTRESSE TÉRMICO ......................................................................................... 46 2.11.1 Caracterização do Estresse ............................................................. 46 2.11.2 Estresse por Calor ............................................................................. 47 2.11.3 Adaptabilidade dos Ovinos ao Estresse por Calor ......................... 48 2.12 EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE POR CALOR SOBRE A REPRODUÇÃO ................................ 49 2.13 NUTRIÇÃO E REPRODUÇÃO ................................................................................ 51 2.13.1 Influência da condição corporal e da dieta na atividade folicular . 51 2.13.2 Leptina ................................................................................................ 53 2.13.3 Grelina ................................................................................................ 55 2.13.4 Hormônio do crescimento................................................................. 57 2.13.5 Insulina ............................................................................................... 57 2.13.6 Sistema de fatores de crescimento ligados à insulina ................... 58 2.13.7 Fatores nutricionais que afetam à qualidade do oócito ................. 60 2.13.8 Nutrição e sobrevivência embrionária ............................................
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