CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANTING PATTERN ADOPTED FOR URBAN AFFORESTAION IN THE CITY OF CURITIBA, PARANA STATE, BRAZIL
ABSTRACT Tree planting on sidewalks should conciliate two objectives: species diversity and composition uniformity aiming at environmental quality and quality of management practices. The objective of this research was to evaluate species composition patterns and changes may have occurred between the years of 1984 and 2010. For that purpose, we re-measured 15 sample plots of an inventory conducted in 1984. For results comparison, we analyzed planting patterns of each street and each city unit plot. Complete changes in planting patterns occurred in three unit plots (Bacacheri 03, Boqueirão and Centro), however the patterns were maintained in the other plots. The comparative analysis between planting patterns and the most often planted species in each district showed that only in seven unit plots, more than 50% of streets showed occurrence of trees from the species pattern corresponding to the most frequent occurring species, both in 1984 and 2010. Among the main species introduced as a planting pattern, Handroanthus chrysotrichus stood out as the most usual option for new planting patterns between 1984 and 2010. The analysis of species similarity showed that species composition of unit plots remained the same (p<0.01), except for Bacacheri 03 and Boqueirão unit plots where we detected composition dissimilarity. We concluded that by defining planting patterns for urban trees of Curitiba allowed to learn about trends for tree planting adopted by municipal administration and that for the general context sampled, no changes of planting patterns between 1984 and 2010 were observed.
Key-words: composition uniformity, composition diversity, similarity
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PADRÃO DE PLANTIO ADOTADO NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DE CURITIBA, PARANÁ
Rogério Bobrowski1; Daniela Biondi2
RESUMO O plantio de árvores nas calçadas deve conciliar dois objetivos da arborização de ruas: diversidade de espécies e uniformidade de composição, visando a qualidade ambiental dos plantios e a qualidade das práticas de manejo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os padrões de composição de espécies utilizadas e as alterações ocorridas entre os anos de 1984 e 2010. Para isso, foram remedidas 15 unidades amostrais de um inventário realizado em 1984. Para comparação dos resultados foram analisados os padrões de plantio de cada rua e de cada parcela. As alterações completas de padrão de plantio ocorreram em três parcelas (Bacacheri 03, Boqueirão e Centro) sendo mantida a mesma composição para as demais. A análise comparativa entre os padrões de plantio e a espécie mais frequentemente plantada em cada parcela demonstrou que apenas para sete parcelas foi constatado mais que 50% das ruas com ocorrência de espécie padrão da amostra correspondente à mais frequente, tanto em 1984 quanto em 2010. Dentre as principais espécies introduzidas como padrão de plantio destacou-se Handroanthus chrysotrichus como a opção mais usual para estabelecimento de novos padrões de plantio entre 1984 e 2010. A análise da similaridade de espécies demonstrou que a composição de espécies das parcelas manteve-se igual (p<0,01), exceto para as parcelas Bacacheri 03 e Boqueirão onde foi constatada dissimilaridade de composição. Concluiu-se que por meio da definição dos padrões de plantio na arborização de ruas de Curitiba foi possível conhecer as tendências de plantio adotadas pela prefeitura municipal e que para o contexto geral amostrado não houve mudança no padrão de plantio entre os anos de 1984 e 2010.
Palavras-chave: uniformidade de composição, diversidade de composição, similaridade
1 Engenheiro Florestal, M.Sc., Doutorando em Engenharia Florestal pela UFPR, Departamento de Pesquisa e Monitoramento, SMMA – Av. Manoel Ribas, 2727 - Mercês – Curitiba, PR – 80810-000 – e-mail: [email protected] 2 Engenheira Florestal, Dra., Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Rua Lothário Meissner, 632 – Jardim Botânico - Curitiba, PR - 80210-170 – e-mail: [email protected]
Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 INTRODUCTION
Concerns with life quality and balance between is formed by the intertwining of tree crowns, is peculiar environmental conservation and economic development to the city streets (BOBROWSKI, 2011; LIMA NETO, in cities are closely related to two components of urban 2011). forestry: green areas and road afforestation. Bobrowski Master Plans for urban afforestation in Brazilian cities (2011) maintains that public governments have several and utility network companies, in general, have provided technical measures to provide life quality and orientations about procedures concerning tree planting environmental conservation, namely the planning and standards (RGE, 2000; COELBA, 2002; CAMPO implementation of urban afforestation. GRANDE, 2010; COPEL, s/d) to avoid disruption of The planning of tree planting ensures expected benefits, aesthetic effects ensuring standardization of urban ranging from microclimate improvements and pollution afforestation and maintenance procedures of trees below reduction to contributions to psychological and social utility lines (BOBROWSKI; BIONDI; BAGGENSTOSS, health of city dwellers (GREY; DENEKE, 1986; SILVA 2009). FILHO et al., 2002; ESCOBEDO; ANDREU, 2008; According to RGE (2000), the afforestation program of a WALTON; NOWAK and GREENFIELD, 2008; city should establish the pattern for tree planting, whether NOWAK et al., 2008). planting the same species on both sides of the street or In addition, Grey and Deneke (1986) state that urban using a diversified composition. forestry may provide further benefits to the city Coelba (2002) argues that planting the same species on a architecture (noise buffers, sun protection, enhancement short street or part of a street is recommended to maintain or retraction of scales, paths, unification element, and so uniformity, but for a long street, it is more convenient to on) as well as to landscape aesthetics (addition of lines, alternate two or three species on either side of the street. colors, shapes, textures, movements). For Castro (2010), uniformity should be kept within For the macro-planning of a city, tree planting on blocks or even the same street or avenue using one or sidewalks plays an important role to enrich landscaping, even two species. For Campo Grande (2010), the tree- once it acts as a spatial structural axis (guide and planting pattern adopted for road afforestation should be identifier), as a homogenization factor and urban forestry maintained in replanting activities. However, this integration, creating patches in the urban environment depends on the successes and mistakes observed in the compatible to the road system (BUSARELLO, 1990; review of the City Master Plan and maintenance MILANO, 1991). procedures adopted. Araújo (2008) states that maintenance of aesthetic On the other hand, the Urban Forest Commission (2011) standards in an urban environment, concerning urban does not recommend the use of one or two species on a forestry, has broad interests once it relates to life quality street or square, because this procedure significantly and population welfare. Thus, urban forestry should be increases risks of pest and disease attacks and hampering planned and preserved by governments, which hold the road afforestation. The commission recommends that one responsibility to regulate tree planting to ensure a balance single species should not exceed 35% of the tree between the altered environment and built areas population of a street side or a block and no more than (SANTOS, 2001). five individuals should be planted in sequence. However, The use of standardized urban afforestation confers to the planning and implementing of this procedure requires cities peculiar characteristics that allow the city’s caution and prudence, because enhanced species diversity recognition, as well as its avenues and streets (DANTAS; should be attained (COELBA, 2002; BIONDI; LEAL, SOUZA, 2004). In the case of Curitiba city, road 2008) with the best benefits possible and best afforestation characterized by the “green blanket”, which management practices for urban afforestation, mainly
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19 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 regarding pruning cuts, which require automated afforestation in Curitiba City, Paraná state, Brazil; b) machinery (NUNES, 1995). analyze changes in the tree planting pattern between 1984 In this sense, the following objectives were established and 2010; c) observe new trends adopted as tree planting for this study: a) define a tree planting pattern for urban pattern.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted in the city of Curitiba, capital collection. For the species not identified in loco, branches city of Paraná State, Brazil, situated in the east side of the with leaves were collected, herborized and sent to the state on the First Plateau at 25°25'48”S and 49°16'15”W. Botanical Museum of Curitiba City Hall for identification The city is located on a slightly rugged relief at average through exsiccates comparison. altitude of 934 MASL (CURITIBA, 2011) and inserted in For the analysis of the tree planting pattern (defined by phytogeographical region of the Rain Forest that the City Hall of Curitiba), it was considered the pattern comprises the Atlântica Forest biome, bordered by that corresponded to species with most occurrence on the Grassy Steppe-Woody small fragments. street studied, either in the analysis carried out by the Urban afforestation in Curitiba started in the 19th century City Hall or voluntarily by the population. After defining and only in 1967, there was the first real concern with the the tree-planting pattern per street, we carried out the introduction of native tree species (BIONDI; ALTHAUS, tree-planting definition for each plot, such as the adoption 2005) such as Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo- of species with most occurrence used as tree-planting miúdo), Handroanthus albus (ipê-amarelo-graúdo), pattern for the street, i.e., the species that was repeated as Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo), Tibouchina tree-planting pattern on the streets studied. Therefore, we sellowiana (quaresmeira) and Poincianella pluviosa performed a comparison analysis of pattern changes in (sibipiruna). Until then, urban forest in Curitiba consisted tree planting between 1984 and 2010 as an indicative of essentially of species such as Acer negundo (acer), trends for the introduction of species adopted by the City Ligustrum lucidum (alfeneiro), Melia azedarach Hall of Curitiba. (cinamomo) and Jacaranda mimosaefolia (jacarandá) The highest occurrence of a species in a plot not always (BIONDI; ALTHAUS, 2005). corresponded to the tree-planting pattern, because this This study analyzed the same samples of the urban occurrence might be restricted to a pattern of a single forestry inventory conducted by Milano (1984). For plots street or a smaller number of streets than another species location and remediation, we used copies of the original that had occurrence as pattern in several streets. sketches of the field that showed defined mooring points that were delineated in the previous study, corresponding to the distances between the plot peripheral axis in relation to the corners of each street studied (Figure 1). Data were collected on trees that were within the limits of the study area of each plot, recording data for each street studied. Species were later identified in loco at data
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20 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012
FIGURE 1 – SKETCH MAP OF MERCÊS PLOT LOCATION WITH MOORING POINTS FEATURED Source: Milano (1984)
Based on the results analysis, we calculated the Jaccard The Jaccard coefficient is a beta diversity index used to coefficient (REAL; VARGAS, 1996; RODE et al., 2009) study species coexistence or similarity between sample to test similarity between species composition for pairs of units (REAL; VARGAS, 1996), being a correlation plots in each year of study. The similarity significance measure ranging from 0 to 1 (RODE et al., 2009). was observed at 1% probability, in accordance to Real According to Real and Vargas (1996), the Jaccard (1999). coefficient may be described in the formula:
C J = A+B+C Where: A – number of species found in plot A and absent in plot B; B – number of species found plot B and absent in plot A; C – number of species common to plots A and B.
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21 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characteristics of tree-planting pattern for each plot in each year of study and changes observed for these patterns are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 – CHARACTERISTICS OF STREET TREES-PLANTING PATTERNS PLOTS TSTREET TC TP TI TPP 84 TPP 10 Água Verde 11 3 1 0 Alf Alf Alto da XV 11 3 0 0 Alf, Acer Acer, Ext Bacacheri 01 10 1 2 0 Ang Ang Bacacheri 02 9 1 0 0 Ip1 Ip1 Bacacheri 03 12 3 7 0 Acer Ip2, Ip3 Bigorrilho 12 0 2 0 Ext Ext Boqueirão 9 0 8 0 Ip3 Alf Centro 8 2 0 2 Ext --- Cristo Rei 14 0 5 0 Ip3 Ip3 Jardim Social 14 4 1 0 Ip1, Ip3 Ip3 Mercês 11 0 0 0 Alf Alf Portão 8 0 0 0 Acer Acer Rebouças 01 6 1 1 1 Ext Ext Rebouças 02 9 0 0 1 Ext Ext Seminário 11 1 2 0 Ext Ext
Legend: TSTREET (total number of streets in the plot), TC (total number of streets with changes of most occurring species), TP (total number of streets with planting), TI (total number of streets with inexistent trees), TPS84 (predominant tree-planting pattern on streets in 1984), TPP10 (predominant tree-planting pattern on streets in 2010), Alf (Ligustro lucidum W. T. Aiton), Acer (Acer negundo), Ext (Lagerstroemia indica L.), Ang (Parapiptadenia rigida), Ip1 (Handroanthus albus), Ip2 (Handroanthus heptaphyllus), Ip3 (Handroanthus chrysotrichus)
Complete changes for tree-planting pattern were observed The replacement of one exotic species for two native in Bacacheri 03, Boqueirão and Centro plots (Table 1). ones in Bacacheri 03 plot shows, apparently, the adoption For the first two plots, we observed the following and regular maintenance of tree cover by the City Hall, changes: from Acer negundo (acer) to Handroanthus however, using native species already used in 1984. In heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo) and to Handroanthus this sense, Bobrowski (2011) reported that there is lack of chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo-miúdo) in plot Bacacheri 03, investment in research to use native species in urban from H. chrysotrichus to Ligustrum lucidum (alfeneiro) in afforestation. Biondi and Leal (2009), carried out a study, plot Boqueirão and from Lagerstroemia indica pioneer in the production analysis of seedlings (extremosa) to undefined in plot Centro. Partial changes specifically for urban afforestation, and showed that it is occurred in plots Alto da XV, with replacement of L. possible to obtain effective results. lucidum for L. indica, and in plot Jardim Social, with the On the other hand, the replacement of a native species for exclusion of Handroanthus albus (ipê-amarelo-graúdo). an exotic one in Boqueirão plot is probably associated to The remaining plots maintained the planting pattern volunteer planting of the population. Silva Filho and observed in 1984. Bortoleto (2005) and Sucomine and Sales (2010) In the Bacacheri 03 and Boqueirão plots, the complete maintain that volunteer initiatives for tree planting cause change of the tree-planting pattern is linked to the higher irregularity to the process, once different species are number of streets (58.33%) with the planting patterns introduced and, in many cases, unsuitable for the site, (88.89%). For the plot Centro, the inexistence of a inflicting problems and causing losses. This is a common defined pattern in 2010 is associated to different tree- fact in Brazilian cities, mainly due to the lack of planning planting pattern for each of the four streets where there and management of urban forestry, as observed in Sete de used be trees. Setembro – Rio Grande do Sul state (COLETTO; MÜLLER; WOLSKI, 2008), Uchôa – São Paulo state
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22 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 (STRANGHETTI; SILVA, 2010), Goiandira – Goiás We observed that the higher occurrence of tree-planting state (PIRES et al., 2010) and Colorado – Rio Grande do pattern for the most predominant tree species in the Água Sul state (RABER; REBELATO, 2010). However, even Verde, Alto da XV and Jardim Social plots did not affect in cities with planned urban afforestation, such as the maintenance of the planting pattern in the plots. Maringá, Paraná state, occurrences of irregular planting For a better understanding of the results, we elaborated are common (SAMPAIO; DE ANGELIS, 2008) because Table 2, which shows an analysis between a species of volunteer actions of the population. defined as pattern for that plot (species most used in The change of defined tree-planting pattern to an accordance to the pattern for the plot) and the undefined pattern in Centro plot shows the predominant species (most planted species) for each plot. disorganization of urban forestry, once there is in each Only in seven plots, we observed more than 50% of street a different species or the inexistence of trees, streets with occurrence of the pattern species in samples observed in most streets. This is explained by the higher from 1984 and 2010. For the other plots, we observed pressure and impacts of planted trees, associated to lack that the pattern species was less predominant in relation of planning of the municipal government to replace the to the number of streets. This is related to diversity of removed trees. This affected the identification of a tree- planted trees that influenced observations of the tree- planting pattern for the plot. planting pattern for each street studied. TABLE 02 – RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATTERN SPECIES AND MORE FREQUENT SPECIES ON A PLOT PLOTS TRA PSP(84) PSP(10) TRPS %TRPS MFSP(84) MFSP(10) Água Verde 11 Alf Alf 3/3 27/27 Alf Alf Alto XV 11 Alf, Acer Acer, Ext 3/3 27/27 Ext Ext Bacacheri 01 10 Ang Ang 6/6 60/60 Ang Ang Bacacheri 02 9 Ip1 Ip1 8/7 89/78 Ip1 Ip1 Bacacheri 03 12 Acer Ip2, Ip3 2/3 17/25 Acer Ip2 Bigorrilho 12 Ext Ext 6/6 50/50 Ext Ext Boqueirão 9 Ip3 Alf 1/3 11/33 Ip3 Ded Centro 8 Ext - 4/0 50/00 Ext Sib Cristo Rei 14 Ip3 Ip3 4/5 29/36 Ip3 Tip Jardim Social 14 Ip1, Ip3 Ip3 3/5 21/36 Ip3 Ip3 Mercês 11 Alf Alf 6/6 55/55 Alf Alf Portão 8 Acer Acer 3/3 38/38 Acer Cas Rebouças 01 6 Ext Ext 3/3 50/50 Ext Ext Rebouças 02 9 Ext Ext 5/5 56/56 Ext Ext Seminário 11 Ext Ext 6/7 55/64 Ext Ext Legend: TRA (total streets in the sample); PTP(84)(pattern species planted in 1984); PTP(10) (pattern species planted in 2010); TRPS (total streets where pattern species occur in 1984/2010); MFPS (84) (most frequent species planted in 1984); MFSP (10) (most frequent species planted in 2010); Alf (Alfeneiro – Ligustrum lucidum), Acer (Acer – Acer negundo), Ext (Extremosa – Lagerstroemia indica), Ang (Angico – Parapiptadenia rigida), Ip1 (ipê-amarelo-graúdo - Handroanthus albus), Ip2 (ipê-roxo - Handroanthus heptaphyllus), Ip3 (Ipê-amarelo- miúdo - Handroanthus chrysotrichus); Ded (Dedaleiro – Lafoensia pacari); Sib (Sibipiruna – Poincianella pluviosa); Tip (Tipuana – Tipuana tipu); Cas (Falso-barbatimão - Cassia leptophylla)
Conversely, the ratio between most frequent species compared to 1984. We described the species introduced, planted and pattern species in the sample was observed the plots affected and the trees size. for all 11 plots in both 1984 and 2010. As mentioned Analysis of this table shows that the five species stand above, the larger number of a species in a plot may not out as the main species introduced, once they were represent the planting pattern, because this high number adopted as planting pattern on streets of three or more of species may be restrict to a pattern in a single street or plots. We highlight the species H. chrysotrichus as the to a small number of streets than another species that most usual pattern for the establishment of new patterns repeats as pattern in several other streets, as observed in between 1984 and 2010, because it was used as pattern in Alto da XV, Cristo Rei and Portão plots. six of the 15 plots studied. Table 3 shows data on plots where it was observed the introduction of pattern species in the planting of 2010,
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TABLE 03 – UNIT PLOTS WHERE SPECIES WERE INTRODUCED AS PLANTING PATTERN IN 2010, IN RELATION TO 1984 INTRODUCED SPECIES PLOTS SIZE¹ Lagerstroemia indica AV, AX, CR, R1, SE S Poincianella pluviosa var. peltophoroides AV, BO M Handroanthus chrysotrichus AV, B2, B3, CR, JS, SE M Acer negundo AV, CR M Hibiscus rosa-sinensis AX, B1, SE S Melia azedarach B1 L Lafoensia pacari B1, B3, BO M Handroanthus heptaphyllus B3 L Schinus molle B3 S Ligustrum lucidum B3, BO, CR M Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya BG L Tibouchina pulchra BG S Grevillea robusta BO L Persea americana BO L Populus nigra CT L Handroanthus umbellatus CT M Eucalytus saligna CR L Tipuana tipu JS L Araucaria angustifolia JS L Leucaena leucocephala R1 S Legend: Unit plots: AV (Água Verde), AX (Alto da XV), B1 (Bacacheri 01), B2 (Bacacheri 02), B3 (Bacacheri 03), BG (Bigorrilho), BO (Boqueirão), CR (Cristo Rei), CT (Centro), JS (Jardim Social), R1 (Rebouças 01); S – small; M – medium; L - large ¹ Lorenzi (2000), Lorenzi et al. (2003) and Biondi and Althaus (2005).
However, we observe the frequent use of L. indica as an Westphalen - Rio Grande do Sul State (BAAL; option, followed by Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco) and MANTOVANI, 2010), Guatambu – Santa Catarina State Lafoensia pacari (dedaleiro). These species are shrubby (BOHNER et al., 2010) and Santo Antônio da Patrulha – and medium size and introduced as tree species. It is clear Rio Grande do Sul State (BORBA; FALKOSKI; SILVA, the preference to use these species to balance the 2010). desirable benefits from urban afforestation as a means to The permanence of alfeneiro (Ligustrum lucidum) as reduce problems, losses and conflicts with urban pattern species for tree planting in the city of Curitiba is infrastructure. Nevertheless, species like H. due to its great use in previous plantings, however, chrysotrichus, L. indica and H. rosa-sinensis show more currently it has been gradually replaced, following the the aesthetic attractiveness due to the flowering, than environmental policy of the city and the invading environmental benefits such as daily temperature range characteristic of the species (BOBROWSKI, 2011). reduction, air and sound pollution reduction and surface Despite being an exotic species, but without an invading run-off reduction, because their crowns are smaller and feature for Curitiba City, L. indica is still largely used in the leafage is less dense. urban forestry. It is one good option planted under utility Extremosa (Lagerstroemia indica) and alfeneiro lines due to its small size, small crown size, and aesthetic (Ligustrum lucidum) are common among the main effect provided by flowering (BOBROWSKI, 2011). species used in urban afforestation in Southern States in Some species used as pattern for urban tree planting are Brazil, and these species have been observed in cities like used in some small parcels of the streets evaluated (street Pato Branco – Paraná State (SILVA et al., 2007), Irati – corners) or on streets with small number of trees where Paraná State (COLTRO; MIRANDA, 2007), Sete de the pattern for tree planting was irregular, i.e., not carried Setembro – Rio Grande do Sul State (COLETTO; out by the municipal government. Among the species MÜLLER; WOLSKI, 2008), São José do Cerrito – Santa found for these sites are Schinus molle (aroeira-salsa), Catarina State (PINHEIRO et al., 2009), Frederico
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24 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 Grevillea robusta (grevílea) and Eucalytus saligna is a pattern species for planting in tree beds on Padre (eucalipto), being the last two ones large-size species. Anchieta Avenue and Poincianella pluviosa var. Araucaria angustifolia (araucária) and Leucaena peltophoroides (sibipiruna) is used in tree beds of a part leucocephala (leucena) are species introduced by the City of Marechal Floriano Peixoto Avenue. Hall as a pattern species for planting on distinct medians The species similarity between the two inventories (1984- of Nossa Senhora da Luz and Silva Jardim Avenues, 2010), analyzed in the Jaccard index, is shown in Table 4. respectively. Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya (pau-ferro)
TABLE 04 – JACCARD INDEX FOR THE INVENTORIES OF 1984 AND 2010 PLOT UE 84 UE 10 CE JACCARD Água Verde 13 17 22 0.423** Alto da XV 4 14 8 0.308** Bacacheri 01 11 13 11 0.314** Bacacheri 02 16 25 10 0.196** ns Bacacheri 03 3 49 8 0.133 Bigorrilho 6 20 17 0.395** Boqueirão 1 28 2 0.065 ns
Centro 2 7 5 0.357** Cristo Rei 10 27 14 0.275** Jardim Social 17 27 27 0.380** Mercês 7 14 19 0.475** Portão 6 15 8 0.276** Rebouças 01 2 6 3 0.273**
Rebouças 02 7 18 11 0.306** Seminário 28 7 17 0.327** Total 27 56 66 0.443**
Legend: UE 84 = species found only in 1984; UE 10 = species found only in 2010; CE = species found in both
inventories; ** = similarity statistically significant (p<0.01); ns = non-significant similarity (p>0.01).
The analysis of this coefficient showed that there was characterization of the plots as pattern of different significant statistical difference (p<0.01) for the total composition, unlike the other pairs of plots that kept the sampled for each year of inventory and for 13 of the 15 same pattern for species composition in the period of 26 plots analyzed. This shows that the same species years between the two inventories. composition was kept in urban forestry in both studies. The non-significant statistical difference for Bacacheri 03 and Boqueirão plots shows dissimilarity between the pairs of plots in 1984 and 2010. This explains the pair
CONCLUSIONS
We identified the tree-planting pattern adopted in urban For the general context presented, there was no difference afforestation of Curitiba City, for the streets and the unit in the tree-planting pattern between 1984 and 2010, given plots studied. The analysis of species allowed to identify that the complete changes observed were implemented in tree planting trends adopted by the City Hall of Curitiba, unit plots with a higher number of streets due to new evidencing the increase of the planting of native species planting actions. such as Lafoensia pacari (dedaleiro), Libidibia ferrea There is indicative to the introduction of species such as (pau-ferro), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo- H. chrysotrichus, L. indica, L. pacari and H. rosa- miúdo) and Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo). sinensis, which if implemented, may alter the planting patten in the unit plots studied.
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25 Soc. Bras. de Arborização Urbana REVSBAU, Piracicaba – SP, v.7, n.3, p.18-27, 2012 LITERATURE CITED
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