E&G Quaternary Science Journal Vol. 64 No 2
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
issn 0424-7116 | DOi 10.3285/eg.64.2 Edited by the German Quaternary Association Editor-in-Chief: Margot Böse & EEiszeitalter und GegenwartG Quaternary Science Journal Vol. 64 HolocEnE VEGEtation and land USE HiStory in tHE nortHErn VoSGES (FrancE) No 2 2015 WEicHSElzEitlicHE KryocalcitE alS HinWEiSE Für EiSSEEn in dEr HüttEnbläSErScHacHtHöHlE (iSErloHn/nrW) SpätSaalEzEitlicHE Und EEmzEitlicHE maKroFaUnEn aUS dEm KliFFaufscHlUSS KlEin Klütz HöVEd (nW-mEcKlEnbUrG) EnVironmEntal dEVElopmEnt and local HUman impact in tHE JEEtzEl VallEy (n GErmany) Bw Horizon in HolocEnE SlopE dEpoSitS (KratzEbUrG, nE GErmany) GEOZON & EEiszeitalter und GegenwartG Quaternary Science Journal Volume 64 / number 2 / 2015 / DOI: 10.3285/eg.64.2 / iSSn 0424-7116 / www.quaternary-science.net / Founded in 1951 Editor AssociAtE Editors Advisory EditoriAL boArd dEUQUa piErrE antoinE, laboratoire de Géographie FlaVio anSElmEtti, department of Surface deutsche Quartärvereinigung e.V. physique, Université paris i panthéon- Waters, Eawag (Swiss Federal institute of Stilleweg 2 Sorbonne, France aquatic Science & technology), dübendorf, d-30655 Hannover, Germany Switzerland JürGEn EHlErS, Witzeeze, Germany tel: +49 (0)511-643 36 13 Karl-ErnSt bEHrE, lower Saxonian institute E-mail: info (at) deuqua.de markus FUcHS, department of Geography, of Historical coastal research, Wilhelmshaven, www.deuqua.org Justus-liebig-University Giessen, Germany Germany ralF-diEtricH KaHlKE, Senckenberg Editor-in-chiEf pHilip Gibbard, department of Geography, research institute, research Station of University of cambridge, Great britain marGot böSE Quaternary palaeontology Weimar, Germany Freie Universität berlin Volli E. Kalm, institute of Ecology and Earth tHomaS litt, Steinmann-institute of Geology, malteserstr. 74–100 Sciences, University of tartu, Estonia d-12249 berlin, Germany mineralogy and paleontology, University of tel.: +49 (0)30-838-70 37 3 bonn, Germany cESarE raVazzi, institute for the dynamics of E-mail: m.boese (at) fu-berlin.de Environmental processes, national research lESzEK marks, institute of Geology, University council of italy, italy AssistAnt Editor of Warsaw, poland JamES roSE, department of Geography, royal HEnK J. t. WeertS, physical Geography Group, daniEla SaUEr Holloway University of london, Great britain institut für Geographie cultural Heritage agency amersfoort, the tU dresden netherlands cHriStian ScHlücHtEr, institute of Helmholtzstraße 10 Geological Sciences, University of bern, d-01069 dresden, Germany FORMEr EDITORS-in-chiEf Switzerland tel.: +49 (0)351-463-33260 E-mail: d-sauer (at) uni-hohenheim.de paUl WoldStEdt (1951–1966) dirK Van HUSEn, altmünster, austria martin ScHWarzbacH (1963–1966) JEF VandEnbErGHE, Faculty of Earth and Production Editor ErnSt ScHönHalS (1968–1978) life Sciences, VU University amsterdam, the SaScHa FricKE rEinHold HUcKriEdE (1968–1978) netherlands Geozon Science media HanS diEtricH lanG (1980–1990) andrEaS Vött, institute of Geography, pettenkoferstr. 16-18 JoSEF KloStErmann (1991–1999) Johannes Gutenberg-Universität mainz, d-10247 berlin, Germany Germany tel. +49 (0)30-20 23 83 19 0 WolfganG ScHirmEr (2000) E-mail: fricke (at) geozon.net ErnSt brUnottE (2001–2005) www.geozon.net HolGEr FrEUnd (2006–2014) Aims & scoPE subscriPtion tel. +49 (0)345-55 22 183 Print the Quaternary Science Journal publishes Free for dEUQUa-members! prices for stand- E-mail: tausch (at) bibliothek.uni-halle.de printed in Germany on original articles of quaternary geology, ing order: single number 27,– Euro; double rEordEr 100% recycled paper geography, palaeontology, soil science, number 54,– Euro; plus shipping costs. We reorders are possible at the publishing house. climate neutral produced archaeology, climatology etc.; special issues offer discounts for libraries and bookstores. See full list and special prices of available covEr fiGurE with main topics and articles of lectures of please subscribe to the journal at the pub- numbers on next to last page. dune at the middle Elbe at lenzen and several scientific events. lisher Geozon Science Media. PubLishinG housE mesolithic tranchet axe (© tolksdorf) mAnuscriPt submission JournAL EXchAnGE Geozon Science media UG (haftungsbeschränkt) riGhts please upload your manuscript at the on- if you are interested in exchange your journal pettenkoferstr. 16-18 copyright for articles by the authors line submission system at our journal site with the Quaternary Science Journal, please 10247 berlin LicEnsE www.quaternary-science.net. please note contact: Universitätsbibliothek Halle Germany distributed under a the instructions for authors before. tauschstelle, Frau Winther tel. +49 (0)30-20 23 83 19 0 creative commons frEQuEncy august-bebel-Straße 13 E-mail: info (at) geozon.net attribution license 3.0 2 numbers per year 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany www.geozon.net http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Quaternary Science Journal GEOZON SCIENCE mEDIA Volume 64 / number 2 / 2015 / 55–66 / DOI 10.3285/eg.64.2.01 iSSn 0424-7116 E&G www.quaternary-science.net holocene vegetation and Land use history in the northern vosges (france) dirk Sudhaus, arne Friedmann how to cite: Sudhaus, D. & Friedmann, A. (2015): Holocene Vegetation and Land Use History in the Northern Vosges (France). – E&G Quaternary Science Journal, 64 (2): 55–66. DOI: 10.3285/eg.64.2.01 Abstract: A radiocarbon-dated peat profile from Rond Pertuis supérieure mire in the uplands of the Northern Vosges is studied using palynological methods. The profile dates from the middle Atlantic period (4500–3100 B.C.) to recent times. During the middle of the Atlantic period an oak forest rich in pine covered the Northern Vosges. Fir and beech immigrated at the end of the Atlantic leading to the decline of oak and pine in the forest. This also marked the onset of decisive human influence on the development of the terrestrial vegetation. Five land use phases were detected, the first one at the end of the Neolithic period (~4000–2200 B.C.). Subsequently, continuous land use is evident from the Bronze Age (2200–800 B.C.) up to now. In the late Middle Ages (A.D. 900–1500) and the early Mod- ern Era (since A.D. 1500), the woodlands were completely altered by human activities. During the 19th century modern forestry introduced spruce into the investigated area in the Northern Vosges. Spruce afforestation then accelerated in the middle of the 20th century. holozäne vegetation und Landnutzungsgeschichte in den nordvogesen (frankreich) Kurzfassung: Für das in den Nordvogesen liegende Moor Rond Pertuis supérieure wurde ein mit der 14C-Methode datiertes Pollenprofil er- stellt. Das Profil umfasst einen Zeitraum vom mittleren Atlantikum (4500–3100 Jahre v. Chr.) bis heute. Während der Mitte des Atlantikums bedeckte ein kiefernreicher Eichenmischwald die Nordvogesen. Tanne und Buche wan- derten am Ende des Atlantikums ein und führten zu einem Rückgang des Eichen- und Kiefernwaldes. Zu dieser Zeit begann auch der maßgebliche menschliche Einfluss in die Vegetationsentwicklung. Fünf Landnutzungsphasen konnten differenziert werden, die Erste am Ende des Neolithikums (~4000–2200 v. Chr.). Von der Bonzezeit an (2200–800 v. Chr.) bis in heutige Zeit ist eine kontinuierliche Landnutzung nachweisbar. Im Spätmittelalter (900–1500 n. Chr.) und der Neuzeit (1500 n. Chr. bis heute) haben sich die Wälder durch die Nutzung vollständig verändert. Im 19. Jahrhundert ist die Fichte in das Untersuchungsgebiet in den Nordvogesen eingeführt worden. In der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde die Fichtenaufforstung forciert. Keywords: Pollen analysis, Holocene, Human Impact, Northern Vosges, France Addresses of authors: D. Sudhaus, A. Friedmann*, Institut für Geographie, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 10, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany, E-Mail: [email protected]; *corresponding author 1 introduction de Prayé. The investigations of Firbas et al. (1948) at the Maxe bog cover the period from the Pre-Boreal to the Sub- The vegetation history of the Northern Vosges is known Atlantic; Gevelaar’s (1982) investigation covers only the through some older pollen studies, which lack chronos- Late Glacial period, as does the study of Walter-Simonnet tratigraphic control. Radiocarbon-dated studies have been et al. (2008), who also studied the tephra in this bog. Firbas limited to the Southern High Vosges (e.g. Janssen et al. et al. (1948) published two undated pollen diagrams from 1972, 1975, de Valk 1981, Edelman 1985, Kalis 1985, Kalis the Northern Vosges: Hochfeld (Champ du Feu) and Schnee- et al. 2006). berg. The first results of the Rond Pertuis supérieure analysis The following studies are available from the Northern presented in this study were published by Sudhaus (2005). Vosges: The Col de Prayé site was examined by Hatt in 1937 The main features of the Holocene vegetation history and covers the periods from the Boreal to the Sub-Atlantic, are available from these older investigations, particularly but the sample and taxonomic resolution is low, incorpo- the Maxe bog analysis. The younger part of the Holocene rating only six samples over 175cm, and with only six tree period, however, is not represented in this record, because species identified. Hatt (1937) also analysed the Soutte bog, of a hiatus in the profile. Hence, land use history is difficult the Champ du Feu and the Maxe bog. The Champ du Feu to reconstruct in detail due to sparse data without inde- bog was also analysed by Bunnik (1978) as well as the Col pendent chronologies. E&G / Vol. 64 / no. 2 / 2015 / 55–66