(.org), Zawinski came up Phillip Walter Katz with the “Mozilla” [Jan 23] name, Nov. 3rd Born: Nov. 3, 1962; as a mix of "" and "Godzilla". Milwaukee, Wisconsin Died: April 14, 2000 Zawinski’s law is: “Every Gabe Logan program attempts to expand Katz and Gary Conway created until it can read mail. Those the Zip file format for data Newell programs which cannot so compression, and the associated expand are replaced by ones Born: Nov. 3, 1962; program, PKZip. Their format is which can.” Seattle, Washington now supported by almost every compression utility. Newell and Mike Harrington Another famous quote: "Some people, when confronted with a founded Value, the video gaming The first version of PKZip, problem, think 'I know, I'll use and online distribution released in 1986, was called regular expressions.' Now they company, and led the PKPak, after Katz's local football have two problems." development of Steam [Sept 12], team, the Green Bay Packers. It Valve’s digital distribution utilized a file format called Here are three variations from platform. Before that, Newell PKArc, based on work by Thom users: had spent thirteen years Henderson. Henderson's working for Microsoft, serving company, SEA, sued, and so "Some , when as a producer for Windows 1.01, PKZip was unveiled in 1989. A confronted with a problem, 1.02, and 1.03 [Nov 10]. combination of speed, and being think “I know, I’ll use floating shareware [Nov 27], made it point arithmetic.” Now they Inspired by Michael Abrash, who very popular. have 1.999999999997 left Microsoft to work on Quake problems." – @tomscott [June 22], Newell and Katz had a fervent dislike of Harrington escaped from Microsoft Windows, which "Some people, when confronted Microsoft in 1996. Their debut meant that the PKZip port was with a problem, think “I know, product, the PC first-person slow to arrive. In the meantime, I’ll use multithreading”. Nothhw shooter Half-Life, was released Microsoft added built-in zip tpe yawrve o oblems." – @d6 on [Nov 19] 1998 to critical and support (under the name "Some people, when confronted commercial success. “compressed folders”) to their with a problem, think “I know, OS from 1998. I’ll use versioning.” Now they Katz first developed PKZip at his have 2.1.0 problems." – mother’s kitchen table. ‘’It was @JaesCoyle just a hobby,’’ he said. ‘’I didn’t Zawinski is currently the expect it to turn into a business.’’ proprietor of the "DNA Lounge", a nightclub in San Francisco. When it opened in 2001, he installed flat-screen kiosks James Werner (actually diskless Linux systems “Jamie” Zawinski running GNOME [March 3]) to allow clubbers to browse the (or jwz) Web and send instant messages. Born: Nov. 3, 1968; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Gabe Newell (2010). Game Developers Conference. CC BY Zawinski was one of the first Manual 2.0. employees at Mosaic Communications Corp. [March Nov. 3, 1971 In recent years, Newell has 25], later known as , The first edition of the "UNIX criticized the Xbox Live service and was responsible for the ’s Manual" by [Nov 14], referring to it as “a early UNIX versions of Netscape Dennis Ritchie [Sept 9] and Ken train wreck”. He wasn't all that Navigator. Thompson [Feb 4] was happy with Windows 8 [Oct 26] He became quite well known published. It described over 60 either, calling it a “catastrophe” because of an Easter egg in the commands, but it was still early and “a threat” to the open nature browser: typing “about:jwz” into days. For example, pipes [Oct of PC gaming. the address box would take the 11] and tools such as grep user to his home page. (A similar weren’t included, and there was In Dec. 2010, Forbes magazine no compiler (but there was named Newell “A Name You trick worked for other Netscape programmers.) FORTRAN). At the time, most of Should Know.” the OS was coded in assembly on When Netscape the PDP-11/20 [Jan 5]. However, Communications [March 25] the manual did document four created the Mozilla Organization games: blackjack, chess, moo (a

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guessing game), and good old ANIMAL (and its cousin, tic-tac-toe [Aug 25]. PERVADE [Jan 00]) from 1974. Of course, there was a BUGS The claim that Cohen produced section, which made a reference the first documented virus is to the short life span of the 32- open to debate, since the bit clock which counted in assembly for sixtieths of a second starting ANIMAL and PERVADE was from Jan. 1, 1971: "The available on UNIVAC machines chronological-minded reader [Nov 19] in the 1970's, and is will note that 2**32 sixtieths of a still online today. second is only about 2.5 years." The related word, “worm,” was A second edition of the manual coined by John Brunner in his appeared on June 12, 1972, and novel “The Shockwave Rider” included the boast that “the [March 00] in 1975. number of UNIX installations has grown to 10, with more expected.” The third edition (Feb. 1973) noted that there Crack v4 were now 16 installations. Nov. 3, 1991 Indeed, UNIX only started to become more widely known Crack was the first standalone after Ritchie and Thompson UNIX password cracking presented a paper about it at the program, and was designed to fourth ACM Symposium on OS help sysadmins locate users Principles on [Oct 15] 1973. with passwords vulnerable to dictionary attack. Alec Muffett (1968 - ), a Virus Coined sysadmin at the University of Wales in Aberystwyth, began Nov. 3, 1983 developing Crack in 1990 based on Dan Farmer’s ‘pwc’ cracker Fred Cohen completed writing a that was part of COPS [Jan 31]. virus program at USC, which he later described in the paper, The first release was on “Computer Viruses - Theory and July 15, 1991, but Crack v4.0a, Experiments”, published in Jan. made available on this day, 1984. This made it the first introduced several features that documented virus, which he made it a formidable tool, defined as “a program that can including programmable ‘infect’ other programs by dictionary generation and modifying them to include a … distributed password cracking. version of itself.” Cohen credited The former has become a his academic adviser, Leonard common feature of modern Adelman [Dec 31] (the A in RSA) cracking software, such as "John with coining the name. the Ripper". Cohen demoed his work by In 1995, Randal L. Schwartz adding it to the ‘vd’ graphical [Nov 22], a noted directory viewer running under programmer, was prosecuted UNIX [Oct 25] on a VAX 11/750. for using Crack on a password The virus then exploited user file at Intel [July 18], but the case permissions to spread around was eventually dropped. the system. Crack was also employed by There had been earlier viruses Kevin Mitnick [Dec 25] when of course, but they had been hacking into pranks or mischief-making [Feb 24] in 1993. Coincidentally, rather than academic. For Muffett had joined Sun in 1992. example, Elk Cloner [Nov 10] had received a lot of publicity in 1982. However, the very first 'virus' was probably Creeper [March 15] from 1971, or perhaps the Darwin game [Aug 00] from 1961. The second was

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