DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Repel Mosquitoes Safely

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Repel Mosquitoes Safely A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet How to Repel Mosquitoes Safely ith summer approaching, and the insects coming out in full force, along with some very itchy arms and legs, avoiding mosquitoes be- comes a high priority. It is not too early this spring to fight the bite first and foremost by practicing prevention. Remove any standing water Wwhere mosquitoes can breed around your home and schoolyard, such as plant pots, leaky hoses, clogged gutters, empty buckets, toys, and old tires. Trim back overgrown vegetation, and encourage natural predators like bats, birds, dragonflies, and frogs. Protect yourself from mosquitoes by wearing long-sleeved, loose, light colored clothing. When sitting outside, use an oscillating fan, a screened area, or even a pop-up shelter. Burning citronella candles outside may also help repel mosquitoes. As a last line of defense, employ least-toxic mosquito repellents (but with the understanding that no acceptable repellent will provide complete protection from bites). Many common mosquito sprays contain harmful ingredients, so it is important to read labels carefully before buying and using repellents. Least-Toxic Mosquito Repellents: p-Menthane-3,8-diol, is also on the market, mium 20% Picaridin Insect Repellent. but Beyond Pesticides suggests considering • Estimated Time of Effectiveness: Based on picaridin concentration: 3-6 hours at Registered Repellents: Although many es- the refined, natural extract. Protection times sential oil insect repellents are registered by are similar to DEET-based repellents. concentrations below 20%; up to 8 hours the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Cautions: Do not apply to children less at concentrations of 20%. (EPA), only the following active ingredients than 3 years of age. in repellents are evaluated by EPA for health • Product Examples: Repel Lemon Euca- IR3535 risks and product effectiveness, and also con- lyptus Insect Repellent, Cutter Lemon Insect repellent 3535 is a synthetic repellent sidered least-toxic by Beyond Pesticides. With Eucalyptus Insect Repellent. that was registered by EPA in 1999, after 20 any repellent, read the directions and follow • Estimated Time of Effectiveness: 3-7 years of use in Europe, with no reports of the label carefully, and be sure to avoid con- hours in areas with aggressive mos- adverse effects in the scientific literature. tact with sensitive areas like the eyes and quito populations, up to 12 hours in Despite its synthetic make-up, IR3535 is reg- open wounds. These materials are all alterna- other areas. istered as a biochemical pesticide because tives to the hazardous ingredient DEET. (See it is functionally identical to the molecular DEET hazards on next page.) Picaridin (Icaridin, or KBR 3023) structure of beta alanine, a naturally occur- A synthetic version of the piperine com- ring amino acid, and the end groups formed Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) pound in pepper, picaridin is a relatively new through its production are not likely to con- ****Best Choice!*** insect repellent that can be used as a least- tribute to toxicity. Still, those looking for a The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and toxic alternative to DEET. Although there is natural repellent should consider OLE. Prevention (CDC) recommends OLE repel- limited data available on this product, par- • Cautions: Eye irritant, avoid contact in lents as an effective alternative to DEET. OLE ticularly concerning long-term toxicity, evi- or around eyes. masks both carbon dioxide and lactic acid dence does suggest that it has low potential • Product examples: Avon Skin So Soft exhalations that alert mosquitoes to our for human harm if used as directed. Picaridin Bug Guard Plus IR 3535 Expedition, presence, hiding humans from detection. is synthetic, so those seeking a natural repel- Coleman Skin Smart DEET-Free Pump Only formulated, refined OLE is registered by lent should consider OLE. Spray Insect Repellent. the agency as a repellent; note that “pure” • Cautions: Do not apply to children less • Estimated Time of Effectiveness: Based lemon eucalyptus oil is registered for safety, than 2 months of age. on IR3535 concentration: Around 2 but not repellent effectiveness by EPA. A syn- • Product Examples: Avon Skin So Soft hours at concentrations below 20%; up thetic version of the active ingredient in OLE, Bug Guard Plus Picaridin, Sawyer Pre- to 8 hours at concentrations of 20%. 701 E Street SE, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20003 n 202-543-5450 n www.beyondpesticides.org BEYOND PESTICIDES A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet – A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet Federally Registered Repellents: Unless determined to be minimum risk and exempt from Be Sure to Avoid: registration, repellents must undergo EPA’s formal registration process, which includes a scientific assessment of the active ingredient that is included in pesticide products. Repel- Pesticide-Impregnated Clothing lents with a public health claim (such as, ‘protects against mosquitoes carrying West Nile Although clothing pre-treated with the in- virus’), must be evaluated by EPA for product effectiveness. secticide permethrin, the only pesticide ap- proved for this use, is less available in the Unregistered Repellents (List 25(b) – Federally Exempt Minimum Risk Products): marketplace, many companies nonetheless Minimum risk repellents and pesticides under section 25(b) of the Federal Insecticide, sell spray cans of permethrin intended to Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) are not required to undergo the federal registration be applied to clothing. Beyond Pesticides process if their ingredients are “demonstrably safe for its intended use.” strongly discourages the use of permethrin on clothing. Permethrin is classified as “like- ly to be carcinogenic” by EPA, and studies have linked childhood permethrin exposure Unregistered Repellents (25b–see box): would have it. Although there is evidence to leukemia. Permethrin shows evidence of Essential oil repellents are considered mini- that burning citronella candles and incense endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity,1,2 mum risk, and are evaluated by EPA for reduces backyard mosquitoes, spray-on and research has also linked pesticides in safety concerns. Although EPA has not eval- products primarily made of citronella oil are the pyrethroid class, which permethrin is a uated them for effectiveness, some indepen- not reported by many to be the most effec- part of, to behavioral and emotional prob- dent data does suggest a varying degree of tive way to repel mosquitoes. For example, lems in children.3 efficacy with certain essential oil repellents. Natrapel products containing 10% citro- All are considered least-toxic by Beyond Pes- nella oil showed one hour efficacy under DEET ticides, but some can cause contact derma- EPA tests, but now have been reformulated Although recent scientific data calls into titis, so apply to a small area of skin, such as with picaridin. Natural products, such as the question evidence that DEET results in sei- the arm or leg first, before using on the rest ones listed below, which contain citronella, zures in children, Beyond Pesticides sug- of your body. With all essential oil bug re- but not as the active ingredient, have in- gests that people consider least-toxic repel- pellent products, use caution around infants creased repellency. lents such as OLE and the others listed in and toddlers, and always read the label. Citronella can contain human • Cautions: this article be used in place of DEET. In hu- allergens and should not be applied to mans, symptoms of acute exposure to DEET Soybean Oil infants and toddlers. include headache, exhaustion and mental Many bug repellents are formulated with All-Terrain Herbal Ar- • Product example: confusion, together with blurred vision, soybean oil, an extract of soybeans. Although mor DEET-Free Natural Insect Repellent. salivation, chest tightness, muscle twitch- soybean oil repellents have not been tested 30 • Estimated Time of Effectiveness: ing and abdominal cramps. Researchers for efficacy by EPA, Health Canada recom- minutes to 3 hours, depending upon have noted significant concerns related to mends these products as an acceptable mos- formulation. the use of DEET, including nervous system quito repellent. The agency also does not disorders, adverse developmental effects, prescribe any frequency or age limitations to Other Essential Oils and neurotoxicity in children. One study the use of soybean oil repellents. Many of the products listed above also con- found that DEET inhibits cholinesterase ac- • Cautions: Avoid contact with eyes, fol- tain essential oils, such as lemongrass oil, cas- tivity crucial for regulating nerve impulses.4 low label directions. tor oil, catnip oil, geraniol oil, cedarwood oil, Another study associated pregnant wom- • Product examples: Buzz Away prod- peppermint oil, clove oil and others. There is en’s exposure to insect repellents, such as ucts, Bite Blocker Organic Extreme. limited data on the efficacy for many of the DEET, during their first trimester to an 81% • Estimated Time of Effectiveness: 1.5 to essential oils as stand-alone mosquito repel- increased chance of male children develop- 4 hours, depending upon formulation. lents. However, catnip oil shows the greatest ing “hypospadias,” a condition where the promise. No essential oils should be applied urinary opening is at the bottom rather that Citronella Oil to infants or toddlers. Beyond Pesticides sug- the tip of the penis.5 The classic all-natural mosquito repellent gests that you consider one of the many DEET- may not be as effective as word of mouth free formulated repellents. Studies have also shown synergistic effects as a result of combining DEET and permethrin to- 6 DEET labels are required to include the following directions: “Do not apply over cuts, gether. Scientists link the combined effect of wounds, or irritated skin; Do not apply to hands or near eyes and mouth of young these two chemicals to poor sensorimotor per- children; Do not allow young children to apply this product; Use just enough repellent to formance and brain damage.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mint and Mint Oil Profile New York State Integrated Pest Management Cornell Cooperative Extension Program
    http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56133 Mint and Mint Oil Profile New York State Integrated Pest Management Cornell Cooperative Extension Program Mint and Mint Oil Profile Active Ingredient Eligible for Minimum Risk Pesticide Use Brian P. Baker and Jennifer A. Grant New York State Integrated Pest Management, Cornell University, Geneva NY Label Display Names: Cornmint, Cornmint oil, U.S. EPA PC Code: 128800 (Peppermint is also Spearmint, Spearmint oil cross referenced under the listing for mint and mint oil) Active Components: Carvone, Menthol, pulegone, limonene, linarin, pinene, piperitone, linalool, and CA DPR Chem Code: Not Found various other terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and hydrocarbons Other Names: Cornmint oil, spearmint oil, men- thol oil, spearmint terpenes CAS Registry #s: 8008-79-5 (Spearmint oil) Other Codes: 68917-18-0 (Cornmint oil) Cornmint oil—FEMA: 4219; EINECS: 290-058-5; HT: None (Cornmint and Spearmint) 3301.25 Spearmint oil—FEMA: 3032; EINECS: 283-656- HT: 3301.25; RTECS: WG7360000 Summary: Mint and mint oils are a class of active ingredients derived from selected members of the plant genus Mentha. Primary sources include cornmint, peppermint, and spearmint. Active substances contained in the plants and essential oils in this class include menthol, carvone, and various other ter- penoids. Peppermint and spearmint are commonly used food ingredients; cornmint is used as a food ingredient in some Asian cuisines and is a major source of food-grade menthol used as a flavoring agent. As a pesticide, mint and mint oils work primarily through non-toxic modes of action as repellents, but also have anti-microbial properties. Peppermint is covered in a separate profile.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect Against Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    molecules Article Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Qasim Ahmed 1,† , Manjree Agarwal 2,† , Ruaa Al-Obaidi 3, Penghao Wang 2,* and Yonglin Ren 2,* 1 Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus, Baghdad 10071, Iraq; [email protected] 2 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; [email protected] 3 Pharmacy College, Mustansiriyah University, Al-Qadisyia, Baghdad 10052, Iraq; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (Y.R.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Abstract: The insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from black pepper, eucalyptus, rose- mary, and tea tree and their binary combinations were investigated against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera), under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. All the tested essential oils significantly reduced and controlled the green peach aphid population and caused higher mortality. In this study, black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were found to be an effective insecticide, with 80% mortality when used through contact application. However, for combinations of essential oils from black pepper + tea tree (BT) and rosemary + tea tree (RT) tested Citation: Ahmed, Q.; Agarwal, M.; as contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33%. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic Al-Obaidi, R.; Wang, P.; Ren, Y. and additive interactions for insecticidal activities. The combination of black pepper + tea tree, Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of eucalyptus + tea tree (ET), and tea tree + rosemary showed enhanced activity, with synergy rates Essential Oils and Their Synergistic of 3.24, 2.65, and 2.74, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is DEET (PDF)
    DEET is the active ingredient in many insect repellent products. It is WHAT used to repel biting pests such as mosquitoes and ticks, which may carry Lyme disease. Every year, approximately one-third of the U.S. IS population uses DEET, which is available in a variety of liquids, lotions, DEET sprays, and wrist bands. HOW DOES DEET WORK? DEET is designed for direct application to human skin to repel insects, rather than kill them. There are approximately 140 products containing DEET currently registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). IS DEET SAFE FOR CHILDREN? The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Environmental Health has updated their recommendation for use of DEET products on children in 2003, citing: “Insect repellents containing DEET with a concentration of 10% appear to be as safe as products with a concentration of 30% when used according to the directions on the product labels.” AAP recommends that repellents with DEET should not be used www.dupagehealth.org/ftb on infants less than 2 months old. Parents should choose the type and concentration of repellent to be used by taking into account fightthebitedupage the amount of time that a child will be outdoors, exposure to mosquitoes, and the risk of mosquito-transmitted disease in the @fight_the_bite area. If you are concerned about using repellent products on children you may wish to consult a health care provider for advice or contact the ABATEMENT National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) through their toll-free PARTNER LOGO number, 1-800-858-7378 or npic.orst.edu From http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/insect_repellent.htm DUPAGE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT What IS DEET 1 USE DEET PRODUCTS SAFELY: WHAT Do not apply over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin.
    [Show full text]
  • Helpline Hot Topic June 2019
    Helpline Hot Topic for June 2019 Mosquito Repellent Plants By Cynthia Zimmerman “It’s not so much how busy you are, but why you’re busy. The bee is praised; the mosquito is swatted.” - Marie O’Connor While I’ve been busy working in my vegetable garden recently, I unfortunately have found that mosquitoes are already busy dining on me. I happen to be one of those people that if there is a mosquito anywhere near-by, it will make its presence known by leaving me with multiple bites. One of the things I’ve noticed the past few years is that when I pick produce in my garden, particularly tomatoes, I always come away with mosquito bites. I was told some years ago that mosquitoes like to retire to the interior of plants to rehydrate during the day, so every time I stick my arm in the tomato plant to pick a tomato, I offer up prime feasting. I hate having to drench myself in insect repellent in order to sit on my patio or spend time in my garden plus I discovered some years ago when I lived in North Carolina at the southern end of the Dismal Swamp that even military grade repellents don’t work very well for me. This has led me to explore the possibility of using plants as repellents. As I’ve searched I find that little has been done in the way of scientific research or studies as to the efficacy of plants to repel insects. Still there are many plants that are purported to be useful in controlling certain insect populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquitoes Are Still Lurking – Protect Yourself This Fall (From August 2018 Newsletter)
    Mosquitoes are still lurking – protect yourself this fall (From August 2018 newsletter) Even though summer is waning, the risk of mosquito bites is still high. We have had a particularly hot and humid summer, which creates an excellent breeding environment for mosquitoes. Besides being uncomfortable, mosquito bites can lead to diseases such as Zika and West Nile disease. Read on to learn how to best protect yourself. What works – bug repellent: Wearing bug repellent is one of the best ways to avoid mosquito bites. There are a myriad of insect repellent products on the market. Some ingredients work better than others. The following are approved by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for mosquito (and also in some cases, tick) protection: • DEET: DEET is one of the most common and effective insect repellents. It is safe for adults and children older than two months. • Picardin: This compound is designed to be used on clothing. Do not use directly on your skin. • Permethrin: This repellent, derived from the pepper plant is an excellent DEET alternative. • IR3525 • 2undecanone • Lemon eucalyptus oil: Note: Do not use this on children under three years old. Always use EPA registered repellents. Look for the EPA registration number on the back label. Wear it right: For the most part insect repellent is very safe. But it is important to not overexpose yourself. Follow these tips: • The correct way to use repellent is to apply it after sunscreen. Sunscreen works on the deeper layers of skin, while bug repellent works on the top layer.
    [Show full text]
  • West Nile Virus Insect Repellents and DEET Tips: Deciding on Their Use
    West Nile Virus Insect Repellents and DEET Tips: Deciding on Their Use Chemical repellents are effective at reducing bites from insects that can transmit disease. But their use is not without risk of health effects, especially if repellents are applied in large amounts or improperly. This information will help you decide when and if a repellent is right for you. ABOUT REPELLENTS Two active ingredients found in repellents are DEET (the label might say N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin. Most insect repellents contain one of these active ingredients. DEET comes in many different concentrations, with percentages as low as five percent or as high as 100 percent. In general, the higher the concentration, the higher the protection, but the risk of negative health effects goes up, too. Use the lowest concentration that you think will provide the protection you need. Products with up to 30 percent DEET will provide adequate protection under most conditions. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that repellents used on children two years -12 years of age contain no more than 10 percent DEET. DEET has been widely used for many years. Skin reactions (particularly at concentrations of 50 percent and above) and eye irritation are the most frequently reported health problems. Some reports of central nervous system problems, more frequently reported in children than adults, range from slurred speech and confusion to seizures and coma. Cases of serious reactions to products containing DEET have been related to misuse of the product, such as swallowing, applying over broken skin, and using for multiple days without washing skin in between.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of a Eucalyptus-Based Repellent Against Anopheles Spp. in Tanzania
    Joumal of the Ameican Mosquito Control Association, 12(2):243-246' 1996 Copyright O 1996 by the American Mosquito Control Association' Inc. EVALUATION OF A EUCALYPTUS-BASED REPELLENT AGAINST ANOPHELES SPP.IN TANZANIA J. K. TRIGG Department of Medicat Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT United Kingdom ABSTRACT. A eucalyptus-based insect repellent (PMD) with the principal active ingredient p-men- thane-3,8-diol was evaluated in the field in comparison with deet. In human landing catches in Tanzania, 3 formulations of PMD were tested against Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus. Repellents, applied to the legs and feet at doses chosen as used in practice, gave complete protection from biting for between 6 and 7.75 h, depending upon the formulation type, with no significant difference between PMD and deet in terms of efficacy and duration of protection. INTRODUCTION be somewhat less effective than deet (Schreck and Leonhardt 1991, Collins et al. 1993). Qu- protection Repellents have long been used in wenling is made from the waste distillate after with the main motivation against biting insects, extraction of oil from the lemon eucalyptus plant being avoidance of nuisance. However, through (Eucalyptus maculata citriodon) and the princi- their reduction in man-vector contact, repellents pal active component is p-menthane-3,8-diol in the can also be regarded as important tools (Schreck and Leonhardt 1991). prevention of vector-borne disease. A preliminary laboratory evaluation of a new For travellers to tropical countries, malaria repellent, PMD, similar to quwenling (Trigg and continues to pose a serious health risk; in the Hill 1996), reported this compound to be almost were 1,887 im- United Kingdom in 1994 there as effective as deet against Anopheles gambiae ported malaria, I which resulted in cases of I of Giles and also to be effective against midges, (Anonymous 19941).
    [Show full text]
  • DEET) on the Germination of Raphanus Sativus (Radish Plants)
    Caimin Xi and James T. Zacharia, AJAR, 2018; 3:18 Research Article AJAR (2018), 3:18 American Journal of Agricultural Research (ISSN:2475-2002) The Effect of N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) on the Germination of Raphanus sativus (Radish Plants) Caimin Xi1 and James T. Zacharia2 1Adlai Stevenson High School, Illinois, 60069, USA 2Dar es Salaam University College of Education, P. O. Box 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ABSTRACT DEET is one of the major chemical constituents of bug repellant *Correspondence to Author: with an estimated global use of 7 million liters in 2016. While James T. Zacharia there has been research concerning the health safety of bug Dar es Salaam University College repellent, research concerning its environmental impact is very of Education, P. O. Box 2329, Dar limited. This study was designed to determine the impact bug es Salaam, Tanzania repellent on the germination of plant seeds. The build-up of bug repellent found in water and soil was simulated by exposing rad- ish seeds to various concentrations of repellent during the ger- How to cite this article: mination process. This two-phased experimental set up demon- Caimin Xi and James T. Zacharia. strated a significant correlation between higher bug repellent The Effect of N,N-Diethyl-3-methyl- concentrations and lower germination rates. Even in the group benzamide (DEET) on the Germi- containing 0.01% concentration of repellent, only 60% of seeds nation of Raphanus sativus (Radish germinated comparing to 93.3% in the control group on day 10. Plants). American Journal of Agri- The differences in germination rates was found to be statistically cultural Research, 2018,3:18.
    [Show full text]
  • General Fact Sheet Deet
    DEET GENERAL FACT SHEET What is DEET DEET is an insect repellent that is used in products to prevent bites from insects such as mosquitoes, biting flies, fleas and small flying insects. DEET is a colorless liquid that has a faint odor and does not dissolve easily in water. DEET was developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for protection of soldiers in insect-infested areas. Insect repellents containing DEET have been used by the general public in the United States since 1957. What are some products that contain DEET DEET has been used in a number of insect repellent products including liquid sprays, lotions, and sticks. It has been estimated that about 30% of the U.S. population uses one or more products that contain DEET every year. If any exposures occur, be sure to follow the First Aid instructions on the product label carefully. For additional treatment advice, contact the Poi- son Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. If you wish to discuss a pesticide problem, please call 1-800-858-7378. How does DEET work Scientists do not know exactly how DEET works on all insects. Some insects sense people by detecting the chemicals from our bodies and in the air that we breathe out. It has been shown that insects exposed to DEET are not able to locate a person or animal because they cannot detect them. How might I be exposed to DEET There are four ways that people can be exposed to chemicals: contacting their skin, contacting their eyes, breathing them in, or eating them.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Repellents for Travellers. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed), 350
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LSHTM Research Online Stanczyk, NM; Behrens, RH; Chen-Hussey, V; Stewart, SA; Logan, JG (2015) Mosquito repellents for travellers. BMJ (Clinical research ed), 350. h99. ISSN 0959-8138 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h99 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2121428/ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h99 Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/policies.html or alterna- tively contact [email protected]. Available under license: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ BMJ 2015;350:h99 doi: 10.1136/bmj.h99 (Published 19 February 2015) Page 1 of 4 Practice PRACTICE THERAPEUTICS Mosquito repellents for travellers 1 1 2 Nina M Stanczyk research fellow , Ron H Behrens senior lecturer , Vanessa Chen-Hussey research 1 3 scientist and clinical trials manager , Sophie A Stewart senior research scientist and clinical trials 3 1 3 coordinator , James G Logan senior lecturer 1Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; 2Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK; 3Arthropod Control Product Test Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK This is one of a series of occasional articles on therapeutics for common isolated as a byproduct of Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon or serious conditions, covering new drugs and old drugs with important eucalyptus). new indications or concerns. The series advisers are Robin Ferner, honorary professor of clinical pharmacology, University of Birmingham Icaridin—Icaridin (hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine and Birmingham City Hospital, and Albert Ferro, professor of carboxylate) is also known by the trade names Bayrepel, cardiovascular clinical pharmacology, King’s College London.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation Claude Grison, David Carrasco, Franck Pelissier, Alexandra Moderc
    Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation Claude Grison, David Carrasco, Franck Pelissier, Alexandra Moderc To cite this version: Claude Grison, David Carrasco, Franck Pelissier, Alexandra Moderc. Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Fron- tiers Media S.A, 2020, 8, 10.3389/fevo.2020.00008. hal-03051738 HAL Id: hal-03051738 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03051738 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fevo-08-00008 February 5, 2020 Time: 16:18 # 1 REVIEW published: 07 February 2020 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00008 Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation Claude Grison1*, David Carrasco2, Franck Pelissier1 and Alexandra Moderc1 1 Laboratory of Bio-inspired Chemistry and Ecological Innovations, ChimEco (UMR 5021), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France, 2 MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France Over the last decades, the geographical distribution of certain mosquito species carrying vector-borne diseases has considerably expanded. They represent a major health concern as they transmit pathogens causing alarming epidemics.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Odorant Receptor for DEET and Methyl Jasmonate
    Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate Pingxi Xu1, Young-Moo Choo1, Alyssa De La Rosa2, and Walter S. Leal3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Edited by Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved October 3, 2014 (received for review September 8, 2014) Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and this putative receptor along with coreceptor CquiIR8a in the populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, enceph- Xenopus oocytes. CquiIR40a•CquiIR8a-expressing oocytes did alitis, and other vector-borne diseases. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-meth- not generate detectable currents when challenged with DEET, ylbenzamide) is a 6-decade-old synthetic repellent, which is still 200 compounds in our panel, or the newly identified mosquito considered the gold standard of mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes repellents, ethyl anthranilate, butyl anthranilate, and methyl use their sense of smell to detect DEET, but there are currently two N,N-dimethylanthranilate (3). hypotheses regarding its mode of action: activation of ionotropic To rule out a possible malfunction of the coreceptor CquiIR8a, receptor IR40a vs. odorant receptor(s). Here, we demonstrate that we first recorded from a known Drosophila IR•coreceptor system DEET, picaridin, insect repellent 3535, and p-menthan-3,8-diol ac- and then mismatched receptors and coreceptors. DmelIR84a• tivate the odorant receptor CquiOR136 of the southern house mos- DmelIR8a-expressing oocytes generated robust currents (253 ± quito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Electrophysiological and behavioral 26 nA, 1 μM; 1,616 ± 294 nA, 10 μM; and 3,783 ± 159 nA, 100 μM) assays showed that CquiIR40a knockdown had no significant ef- to phenylacetaldehyde, in agreement with a previous report (6).
    [Show full text]