ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ALTE KALKŐFEN LODGE, CONSTITUENCY, //KARAS REGION,

10 August 2016

Prepared by: Prepared for: CONTACT DETAILS

Frikkie and Hilde Mouton Owner-Managers Alte Kalköfen Lodge P.O. Box 1439 Keetmanshoop Namibia Tel: +264 63 683415 Cell: +264 81 1290621 Fax: 088 63 3737 E-mail: [email protected]

Dr Lima Maartens LM Environmental Consulting P.O. Box 1284 Namibia Tel: +264 61 255750 Cell: +264 81 2458790 Fax: 088 61 9004 E-mail: [email protected]

Declaration: LM Environmental Consulting is an independent consulting firm with no interest in the project which is the subject matter hereof other than to fulfil the contract between the client and the consultant for delivery of specialised services as stipulated in the terms of reference.

Limitation of liability: LM Environmental Consulting accept no responsibility or liability in respect of losses, damages or costs suffered or incurred, directly or indirectly, under or in connection with this report to the extent that such losses, damages, and costs are due to information provided to LM Environmental Consulting for purposes of this report that is subsequently found to be inaccurate, misleading or incomplete, or due to the acts or omissions of any person other than ourselves. LM Environmental Consulting shall not be liable for any direct, incidental, special or consequential damages for loss of profit, revenue, data or use incurred by the Client or any third party, whether in contract or delict, regardless whether the Client or the other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

Copyright Warning: Unless otherwise noted, the copyright in all text and other matter (including the manner of presentation) is the exclusive property of LM Environmental Consulting and/or Dr Maartens. It is an offence to reproduce and/or use, without written consent, any substance, matter, technical procedure and/or technique or part thereof contained in this document.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction...... 8 1.1 Background ...... 8 1.2 Terms of Reference ...... 8 1.3 Environmental Assessment Practitioner ...... 8 2 Description of the Project...... 9 2.1 Location...... 9 2.2 Facilities ...... 10 2.3 Engineering Services ...... 12 2.3.1 Water Supply...... 12 2.3.2 Power Supply ...... 13 2.3.3 Sewage ...... 14 2.3.4 Waste Management ...... 14 2.4 Activities Offered ...... 14 2.5 Employment ...... 16 3 Regulatory Framework ...... 17 4 Environmental Management Plan...... 19 4.1 Goal, Aim and Structure of the Environmental Management Plan ...... 19 4.2 Permits and Approvals ...... 19 4.3 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 20 4.4 Environmental Management Plan...... 20 4.5 Monitoring and Reporting...... 28 5 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 29 6 References ...... 30

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Regulatory framework for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, //Karas Region, Namibia...... 17 Table 2: Environmental Management Plan for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, //Karas Region, Namibia...... 20

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map showing the location of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, as well as the landing strip (Airfield) on Farm Sandverhaar No. 200, Berseba Constituency, //Karas Region, Namibia (Source: Linear Design & Mapping, August 2016)...... 9 Figure 2: Map showing the location of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, the three boreholes (not all in use), as well as the location of the French drain system on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116 (Source: Linear Design & Mapping, August 2016)...... 10 Figure 3: Pictures showing: a) the entrance to the Alte Kalköfen Lodge; b) restaurant and bar; c) Wedding Chapel (in the background); and d) the swimming pool (Source: L. Maartens, 13 and 14 June 2016)...... 11 Figure 4: Pictures showing: a) the sundowner corner; b) sundowner corner with the campsites in the background; c) a storage shed; d) the Cole Lithoparium; e) selection of old fuel pumps; f) the old lime kiln; g) and h) the Old Simplon Garage converted into the Owners/Managers’ house (Source: L. Maartens, 13 and 14 June 2016)...... 12 Figure 5: Picture showing the 10,000 litre water storage tank at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge (Source: L. Maartens, 14 June 2016)...... 13 Figure 6: Pictures showing: a) the old power plant; and b) the new power plant (Source: L. Maartens, 14 June 2016)...... 13 Figure 7: Picture showing some of the Lithops plants housed in the Cole Lithoparium (Source: L. Maartens, 13 June 2016)...... 14

iii Figure 8: Picture showing the railway bridge visible from Alte Kalköfen Lodge’s veranda (Source: L. Maartens, 13 June 2016)...... 15

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure A: Application for Environmental Clearance (15 June 2016); Letter from the Office of the Environmental Commissioner (30 June 2016); Annexure B: Site Maps: Alte Kalköfen Lodge; Annexure C: Environmental Policy and Plan (2012); Fitness Certificate Environmental Health Services (General Health Regulations); Namibia Tourism Board (NTB) Certificate; Hospitality Association of Namibia (HAN) Certificate; Eco Awards Namibia Certificate; TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence; Annexure D: Effluent Numeric Requirements (Ministry of Agriculture Water and Forestry, 2008)

iv ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY

The following is a list of the abbreviations, acronyms, technical terms, and definitions used in this Report:

AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AU African Union CATS (Namibian) Civil Aviation Technical Standards CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CoM (Namibian) Chamber of Mines DEA Directorate of Environmental Affairs DWA Department of Water Affairs EA Environmental Assessment EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner EAPAN Environmental Assessment Professionals of Namibia ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMA Environmental Management Act EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GIIP Good International Industry Practice GN Government Notice GRN Government of the Republic of Namibia HAN Hospitality Association of Namibia HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning I&APs Interested and Affected Parties IEMA Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment IFC International Finance Corporation IPPC International Plant Protection Convention ISO International Organization for Standardization IWM Integrated Waste Management KIRLUP //Karas Integrated Regional Land Use Plan LAC Legal Assistance Centre MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism MOHSS Ministry of Health and Social Services MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NDP National Development Plan NTB Namibia Tourism Board PM Particulate Matter PPE Personal Protective Equipment SA SADC Southern African Development Community SAIE-ES Southern African Institute of Ecologists and Environmental Scientists SHE Safety, Health and Environment STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNCCD United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification US United States VOC Volatile Organic Compound WHO World Health Organization ha hectare km kilometre kVA kilo Volt-Ampere % percent

v Aspect Element of anorganization'sactivitiesorproducts orservices thatcaninteract with the environment (International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2004). Biodiversity Defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.” Disposal The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid or hazardous waste on or in the land or water (United States (US), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)). Environment Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation (ISO, 2004). Environmental The process of identifying, predicting and evaluating the effects of proposed activities on Assessment (EA) the environment. It should include information about the risks and consequences of activities, possible alternatives, and steps which can be taken to mitigate (minimize or off-set) any negative impacts. It should also discuss steps to increase positive impacts and to promote compliance with the principles of environmental management. Both Government bodies and private persons or groups (such as private companies) can be required to carry out environmental assessments (Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), 2008). Environmental A certificate which allows a listed activity to go ahead. The certificate means that the Clearance Certificate Ministry of Environment and Tourism is satisfied that the activity in question will not (ECC) have an unduly negative impact on the environment. It may set conditions for the activity to prevent or to minimize harmful impacts on the environment (MET, 2008). Environmental A key document that should consist of the set of measures to be taken during Management Plan (EMP) implementation and operation to eliminate, offset, or reduce adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Also included in the plan are the actions needed to implement them (Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DEA), 2008). Good International The exercise of professional skill, diligence, prudence, and foresight that would Industry Practice (GIIP) reasonably be expected from skilled and experienced professionals engaged in the same type of undertaking under the same or similar circumstances globally or regionally. The outcome of such an exercise should be that the project employs the most appropriate technologies in the project-specific circumstances (International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2007a). (Grouped) Hazardous Any substance, mixture of substances, product or material declared in terms of section Substance 3 (1) to be a hazardous substance of any kind (Hazardous Substances Ordinance No. 14 of 1974). HazardousWaste Waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment. There are four factors that determine whether or not a substance is hazardous: i) ignitability (i.e. flammable); ii) reactivity; iii) corrosivity; and iv) toxicity (Wikipedia). Impact Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's environmental aspects (ISO, 2004). Integrated Waste Concept if employing several waste control and disposal methods such as source Management (IWM) reduction, recycling, reuse, incineration, and land filling, to minimize the environmental impact of commercial and industrial waste streams (Business Dictionary). Invasive Alien Species The intentional or accidental introduction of alien, or non-native, species of flora and fauna into areas where they are not normally found can be a significant threat to biodiversity, since some alien species can become invasive, spreading rapidly and out- competing native species (IFC, 2012). Mitigation Any action intended to either reduce or avert exposure or the likelihood of exposure to sources that are not part of a controlled practice, or which are out of control as a consequence of an accident (DEA, 2008). Mitigation Hierarchy Adoption of a mitigation hierarchy to anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize, or compensate/offset for risks and impacts to workers, Affected Communities, and the environment is widely regarded as a Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) approach to managing environmental and social risks and impacts: Avoidance requires the client to identify and, where available and technically and financially feasible, make changes to the project’s design (or potential location) to avoid adverse risks and impacts on social and/or environmental features. Avoidance is considered to be the most acceptable form of mitigation. Minimization: where avoidance is not possible, adverse impacts and risks can be minimized through environmental and social measures/treatments/design. Acceptable options to minimize will vary and include: abate, rectify, repair, and/or restore impacts,

vi as appropriate. Compensation/Offset: where avoidance or minimization measures are not available, it may be appropriate to design and implement measures that compensate/offset for residual risks and impacts. It should be noted that these measures do not eliminate the identified adverse risks and impacts, but they seek to offset it with an (at least) comparable positive one (IFC, 2012). Monitoring The repetitive and continued observation, measurement and evaluation of environmental data to follow changes over a period of time to assess the efficiency of control measures (DEA, 2008). Pollution The direct or indirect introduction of something which is harmful to people, property, or the environment into the air, land, or water. Pollution can be caused by substances, vibrations, heat, radiation or noise. One of the key ideas behind the law is that the polluter must pay the costs of pollution (MET, 2008). Polluter Pays Principle Principle to be used for allocating costs of pollution prevention and control measures to encourage rational use of scarce environmental resources and to avoid distortions in international trade and investment (DEA, 2008). RenewableEnergy Energy that comes from natural resources, such as sunlight or wind, and that are renewable (Wikipedia). Sewage The subset of wastewater that is contaminated with faeces and/or urine; it includes domestic, municipal, or industrial liquid waste products disposed of, usually via a pipe or sewer or similar structure (Wikipedia). SignificantEffect Having, or likely to have, a consequential qualitative or quantitative impact on the environment, including changes in ecological, aesthetic, cultural, historic, economic and social factors, whether directly or indirectly, individually or collectively (Environmental Management Act (EMA) 7 of 2007). Stormwater Water that originates during precipitation (rainfall) events. Stormwater that does not soak into the ground becomes surface runoff. Stormwater is of concern for the following two reasons: one is related to the volume and timing of runoff water (for flood control and the supply of water) and the other is related to the potential contaminants that the water may be carrying and subsequent water pollution (Wikipedia). Sustainable Use Using natural resources in a way and ata rate thatdoes not lead to a long-term decline, so that the environment will be able to meet the needs of future generations, i.e. the natural resources of the earth must be shared fairly between present and future generations (MET, 2008). Waste An unwanted or undesired material or substance. It is also referred to as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, or junk, depending on the type of material. Litter is waste that has been carelessly disposed of in plain sight. Waste is “dumped” in order to avoid paying waste disposal fees (Wikipedia). Waste Management The collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials (Wikipedia). Wastewater Any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic (human) influences, i.e. liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations (Wikipedia).

vii 1 Introduction

1.1 Background The Alte Kalköfen (“Old Lime Kiln”) Lodge is located on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, around 90 kilometres (km) west of Keetmanshoop in the Berseba Constituency, //Karas Region, Namibia.

The lodge reception area and restaurant was restored from an old farmhouse on Farm Simplon. Construction commenced in 2009 and the Alte Kalköfen Lodge officially opened its doors for business in August 2010.

“Tourism Development Activities 6. The construction of resorts, lodges, hotels or other tourism and hospitality facilities”,“Water Resource Developments 8.1 The abstraction of ground or surface water for industrial or commercial purposes”, and “Infrastructure 10.1 The construction of-(d) … airfields” (Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN), 2012: Annexure to Government Notice (GN) No. 29) are regarded as activities that may not be undertaken without an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC).

In line with the Commencement of the Environmental Management Act (EMA), 2007 (Act No. 7 of 2007) (06 February 2012; GN No. 28), the Listed Activities that may not be undertaken without an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) (GN No. 29), and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (GN No. 30) (GRN, 2012), the Owner-Managers, Frikkie and Hilde Mouton, thus applied to the Environmental Commissioner for an ECC on 15 June 2016 (see Annexure A).

1.2 Terms of Reference LM Environmental Consulting was appointed by the Owner-Managers, Frikkie and Hilde Mouton, to prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge on 14 June 2016. Note that an EMP only is required as it is an existing operation. A site visit of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge was undertaken on 13 and 14 June 2016.

1.3 Environmental Assessment Practitioner The author of this report is Dr Lima Maartens who has more than 23 years’ experience in natural resource management (she gained her doctorate in Fisheries Science from Rhodes University, South Africa (SA) in 2000 while working for the Namibian Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources), lecturing (University of Namibia), environmental science and management (De Beers Marine Namibia and the Canadian Forsys Metals Corp), and consulting. Dr Maartens is registered as a lead practitioner with the Environmental Assessment Professionals of Namibia (EAPAN) (she also serves on the Executive Committee), an associate member of the Namibian Chamber of Mines (CoM), a member of the Southern African Institute of Ecologists and Environmental Scientists (SAIE-ES), and a registered associate environmental auditor with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) in the United Kingdom (UK). LM Environmental Consulting was established by Dr Maartens in October 2009 (see Annexure A for a Curriculum Vita).

8 2 Description of the Project

2.1 Location The Alte Kalköfen Lodge is located around 90 km west of Keetmanshoop on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, 19,6020 hectares (ha) in size, of Farm Sandverhaar No. 200 (20,500 ha in size) (see Figures 1 and 2 and Annexure B).

A 1.2 km aircraft runway is found on Farm Sandverhaar No. 200 (see Figure 1); the landing strip is used only once or twice per year and no re-fuelling of aircraft takes place (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner-Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.).

Figure 1: Map showing the location of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, as well as the landing strip (Airfield) on Farm Sandverhaar No. 200, Berseba Constituency, //Karas Region, Namibia (Source: Linear Design & Mapping, August 2016).

Access to the Alte Kalköfen Lodge can be attained from the B4 National Road between Keetmanshoop and Lüderitz (see Figure 1) and District Road (DR) 0462 (see Figure 2), //Karas Region, Namibia.

9 Figure 2: Map showing the location of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, the three boreholes (not all in use), as well as the location of the French drain system on Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116 (Source: Linear Design & Mapping, August 2016).

2.2 Facilities The Alte Kalköfen Lodge has the following facilities:

 Reception area (Figure 3a);  Restaurant and bar (Figure 3b);  Curio shop;  A Wedding Chapel (Figure 3c); and  A swimming pool (Figure 3d).

10 a) b)

c) d) Figure 3: Pictures showing: a) the entrance to the Alte Kalköfen Lodge; b) restaurant and bar; c) Wedding Chapel (in the background); and d) the swimming pool (Source: L. Maartens, 13 and 14 June 2016).

Accommodation facilities include:

 Twelve (12) bungalows: o Eight twin rooms with en-suite bathrooms and an outdoor cold-water shower; o One family room (two twin rooms, interlinked) with a shower, bath and outside cold-water showers; o One self-catering twin en-suite room with indoor bathroom and shower, an outdoor cold- water shower, a sitting room, a kitchen and braai facilities; o One two-room self-catering unit with two beds in each room, a bathroom with shower and bath, a sitting room, a kitchen and braai facilities); and  Three (3) campsites, each with its own ablution facilities (shower, hand wash-basin, and toilet), an outside washing trough for dishes, and solar lights in and outside the ablution blocks (see www.altekalkofen.com).

Additional infrastructure includes: i) a sundowner corner (Figure 4a); ii) a storage shed (Figure 4c); iii) the Cole Lithoparium (Figure 4d and Section 2.5); iv) a selection of old fuel pumps (Figure 4e); v) an old lime kiln, dating back to 1906 and the second oldest lime kiln in Namibia (Figure 4f and Section 2.5); and the Old Simplon Garage converted into the Owners/Managers’ house (Figure 4g, h).

11 a) b)

c) d)

e) f)

g) h) Figure 4: Pictures showing: a) the sundowner corner; b) sundowner corner with the campsites in the background; c) a storage shed; d) the Cole Lithoparium; e) selection of old fuel pumps; f) the old lime kiln; g) and h) the Old Simplon Garage converted into the Owners/Managers’ house (Source: L. Maartens, 13 and 14 June 2016).

2.3 Engineering Services

2.3.1 Water Supply

Water for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge is obtained from two boreholes, i.e. borehole 2 (watering of the gardens) and borehole 3 (water for the Lodge); no water is currently abstracted from borehole 1 (see Figure 2). The water is abstracted from the boreholes and stored in a 10,000 litre (l) tank (see Figure 5). Water abstraction

12 and consumption figures are currently unknown (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner-Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.).

As the Alte Kalköfen Lodge does not fall within a Water Control Area (Water Act 54 of 1956 (as amended)), a water abstraction permit is not required. However, a letter is required from the Department of Water Affairs (DWA), Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry (MAWF), stating that it is not a Water Control Area (and that Alte Kalköfen Lodge may abstract water for commercial purposes) (Mr Franciskus Witbooi, Deputy Director: Law Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, pers. comm.).

Figure 5: Picture showing the 10,000 litre water storage tank at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge (Source: L. Maartens, 14 June 2016).

2.3.2 Power Supply

Ninety percent (90%) of the power for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge comes from the sun (solar power; Figure 6b) and 10% (three hours per day) by using a 36 kilo Volt-Ampere (kVA) generator (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner- Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.).

a) b) Figure 6: Pictures showing: a) the old power plant; and b) the new power plant (Source: L. Maartens, 14 June 2016).

13 2.3.3 Sewage

All the flush toilets at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge (and including the wastewater from the baths and showers) drain into a French drain system (see Figure 2) (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner-Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.).

The Owner-Managers of Alte Kalköfen Lodge, however, need to apply for an effluent discharge permit from the DWA, MAWF (Mr Franciskus Witbooi, Deputy Director: Law Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, pers. comm.).

2.3.4 Waste Management

An Integrated Waste Management (IWM) approach is followed, i.e. employing several waste control and disposal methods such as source reduction (e.g. buying in bulk quantities), recycling (tins, glass, old batteries and oil are recycled by Blaauw’s Recycling Plant in Keetmanshoop), reuse (food scraps are used as compost for the vegetable garden), incineration (not applicable), and land filling (plastics and papers are sorted and transported to the Bethanie landfill) (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner-Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.), in order to minimize the environmental impact of the commercial waste streams.

2.4 Activities Offered The following activities can be undertaken at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge: i) a visit to the Lithoparium; ii) a historical tour to the old limestone ovens (Kalköfens); iii) train spotting; iv) the Red Route Nature Walk; v) bird watching; and vi) game watching. There is also an Aloe garden at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge.

Alte Kalköfen Lodge is well-known for its Cole Lithoparium (see Figure 4d and 7), named after Professor Desmond and Mrs Naureen Cole, and where the biggest registered collection of Lithops in Namibia can be found. Lithops are uniquely Southern African plants occurring in the dessert and semi-dessert areas of northern South Africa, and western and southern Namibia. There are 37 species, of which 12 species occur only in Namibia, four (4) species inhabit suitable habitat in both Namibia and South Africa, and 21 species only occur in South Africa.

Figure 7: Picture showing some of the Lithops plants housed in the Cole Lithoparium (Source: L. Maartens, 13 June 2016).

14 Alte Kalköfen Lodge is named after two limestone kilns/ovens occurring in the general area. One of the ovens is located on Farm Sandverhaar. It was built in the late 1800s and is the oldest limestone oven in Namibia. The second limestone kiln (Figure 4f) was built on Farm Simplon in 1906. The oven was modernised in the early 1930s and it was operational until 1973. Nineteen (19) hectares of Farm Simplon, including the land on which the old farmhouse stood, was later sold to one of the owners of Farm Sandverhaar No. 200. In 2007, the owners of Farm Sandverhaar No. 200 sold the land (Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116) to Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (Owner-Managers of Alte Kalköfen Lodge).

Trainspotting can be done from the veranda of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge (see Figure 8).

Figure 8: Picture showing the railway bridge visible from Alte Kalköfen Lodge’s veranda (Source: L. Maartens, 13 June 2016).

Note that the railway line from 42 km north of North Station to Sandverhaar (48.8 km; the station was erected in 1907) to Simplon (53.753 km) to Goageb (68.880 km) and ending at Buchholzbrunn (82.898 km) (~ 40 km) will be rehabilitated by the Ministry of Works and Transport in due course (Mr Mike Rumsey, Partner, K&A PARTNERSHIP, pers. comm.). Around half of the railway line (to be rehabilitated) is located on Farm Sandverhaar No. 200.

The Red Route Nature Walk is approximately 4 km long and many of the tree species on the farm, all labelled, can be seen along the route. Tree species found on the farm include: Camelthorn Acacia erioloba; Candle thorn scrub Acacia hebeclada; Sweet thorn Acacia karroo; Black thorn Acacia mellifera; Shepherd's tree Boscia albitrunca; Desert Spray Cadaba aphylla; Dune bush Crotolaria spartioides; Wild ebony Euclea pseudebenus; Bead bean or Ringwood Maerua schinzii; Wild Green hair Parkinsonia Africana; Glandular Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa; and Wild Tamarisk Tamarix usneoides.

The follow species of avifauna have been observed on the farm: White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus; Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis; Hamerkop Scopus umbretta; Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca; Lappet-faced Vulture Aegypius Tracheliotos; Verreaux's Eagle Aquila verreauxii; Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus; Gabar Goshawk Melierax gabar; Pale Chanting-Goshawk Melierax canorus; Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius; Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus; Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus; Rock Kestrel Falco rupicolus; Common Ostrich Struthio camelus; Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris; Common Quail Coturnix coturnix; Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius; Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori; Ludwig's Bustard Neotis ludwigii; Red-crested Korhaan Lophotis ruficrista; Northern Black Korhaan Afrotis afraoides; Karoo Korhaan Eupodotis vigorsii; Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris; Spotted Thick-knee Burhinus capensis; Double-banded Courser Rhinoptilus africanus; Double-banded Sandgrouse Pterocles bicinctus; Namaqua Sandgrouse Pterocles Namaqua; Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea; Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia

15 capicola; Namaqua Dove Oena capensis; Rosy-faced Lovebird Agapornis roseicollis; Dideric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius; Barn Owl Tyto alba; Rufous-cheeked Nightjar Caprimulgus rufigena; Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma; Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba; Bradfield's Swift Apus bradfieldi; Common Swift Apus apus; Little Swift Apus affinis; White-backed Mousebird Colius colius; European Bee-eater Merops apiaster; Swallow-tailed Bee-eater Merops hirundineus; Common Scimitar-bill Rhinopomastus cyanomelas; African Hoopoe Upupa Africana; Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas; Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens; Sabota Lark Calendulauda sabota; Spike-heeled Lark Chersomanes albofasciata; Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix verticalis; Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiate; Common House-Martin Delichon urbicum; Rock Martin Hirundo fuligula; Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis; Pied Crow Corvus albus; African Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans; Short-toed Rock-Thrush Monticola brevipes; Familier Chat Cercomela familiaris; Mountain Wheatear Oenanthe monticola; Kalahari Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas paean; Yellow-bellied Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis; Chestnut-vented Tit- Babbler Parisoma subcaeruleum; Pririt Batis Batis pririt; Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis; Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis; Bokmakierie Telophorus zeylonus; Pale-winged Starling Onychognathus nabouroup; Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea; Dusky Sunbird Cinnyris fuscus; Great Sparrow Passer motitensis; House Sparrow Passer domesticus; Cape Sparrow Passer melanurus; White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali; Social Weaver Philetairus socius; Southern Masked-Weaver Ploceus velatus; Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea; Shaft-tailed Whydah Vidua regia; Violet-eared Waxbill Granatina granatina; Black-faced Waxbill Estrilda erythronotos; Green-winged Pytilia Pyhlia Melba; Red-headed Finch Amadina erythrocephala; Scaly-feathered Finch Sporopipes squamifrons; Yellow Canary Crithagra flaviventris; Black- throated Canary Crithagra atrogularis; White-throated Canary Crithagra albogularis; Black-headed Canary Serinus alario; and Lark-like Bunting Emberiza impetuani.

The Lodge overlooks the Gurib Riverbed. A floodlit waterhole attracts Oryx Oryx gazella gazelle and Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis. Other mammals in the area include: Chacma baboon Papio ursinus;; Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Steenbok Raphicerus campestris; Mountain Zebra Equus zebra hartmannae; Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata; Slender Mongoose Galerella sanguinea; Small-spotted Genet Genetta genetta; Bateared Fox Otocyon megalotis; Black-backed Jackal Canis mesomelas; African Wild Cat Felis silvestris lybica; Aardwolf Proteles cristatus; Ground Squirrel Xerus inaurus; Cape Hare Lepus capensis; and Porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis.

Reptile species observed on the farm include: Fork-marked Sand Snake Psammophis leightoni trinasalis; Cape Cobra Naja nivea; Kalahari Tree Skink Mabuya spilogaster; Variegated Skink Mabuya variegate; Western Rock Skink Mabuya sulcate; Striped Skink Mabuya striata; Spotted Desert Lizard Meroles suborbitalis; Rock Monitor Varanus albigularis; Anchieta's Agama Agama anchietae; Turner's Thick-toed Gecko Pachydactylus turneri; Weber's Thick-toed Gecko Pachydactylus weberi; and the Common Barking Gecko Ptenopus garrulus maculatus.

The following Aloe species can be observed in Alte Kalköfen Lodge’s Aloe garden: Aloe asperifolia; A. dichotoma; A. gariepensis; A. littoralis; A. pachygaster; A. ramosissima; A. striata subspecies karasbergensis; A. variegate; and A. zebrine.

2.5 Employment Alte Kalköfen Lodge currently employs nine (9) people (three males and six females) from two families that stay on the farm (in separate rooms with solar power and warm water). The staff originally comes from Keetmanshoop, Bethanie, and the Kosis Settlement (120 km west of Keetmanshoop and not far from Bethanie) (Mr Frikkie Mouton, Owner-Manager, Alte Kalköfen Lodge, pers. comm.).

16 3 Regulatory Framework

The most pertinent legislation (Legal Assistance Centre (LAC), 2010; Ruppel and Ruppel-Schlichting, 2016), with the aim of informing Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers) of the legal requirements pertaining to the Alte Kalköfen Lodge is listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Regulatory framework for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, Farm Kalkwerk Sandverhaar No. 116, //Karas Region, Namibia. National Law Acts of Parliament, Regulations, Ordinances, Proclamations The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia 1990 Employees’ Compensation Act 30 of 1941; Amendment Act 5 of 1995, that came into force on 1 March 1995, amends the Act substantially and changes its name from the Workmen’s Compensation Act to the Employees’ Compensation Act Water Act 54 of 1956 (as amended) Aviation Act 74 of 1962 (as last amended by the Aviation Amendment Act 10 of 1991 and the Aviation Amendment Act 27 of 1998) (and the Namibian Civil Aviation Regulations 2001 and Namibian (NAM) Civil Aviation Technical Standards (CATS)) Burial Place Ordinance 27 of 1966 Soil Conservation Act 76 of 1969 (as amended in South Africa to March 1978; section 13 is amended by the Forest Act 12 of 2001) General Health Regulations (Government Notice 121 of 14 October 1969 as amended) Accommodation Establishments and Tourism Ordinance 20 of 1973 (and Amendments 25 of 1973, 17 of 1974, 12 of 1975, 5 of 1977, 14 of 1977, 4 of 1978, 11 of 1978 and 14 of 1979); and the Regulations GN 75/1974 (18 April 1994) as amended by GN 119/1974 (1 July 1974), GN 130/1975 (2 June 1975), GN 315/1977 (15 September 1977), GN 24/2000 (GG 2264) (Regulations 1 and 3, Schedules II, III, IV, XIIA, XIIB, XIIC, XVIIIA, XVIIIB and XVIIIC), and GN 89/2000 (GG 2304) (Regulation 1 and Schedules II and IV) Hazardous Substance Ordinance 14 of 1974 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Ordinance 11 of 1976 Regional Councils Act 22 of 1992 (and Amendment Acts 17 of 1997, 30 of 2000, 12 of 2002, and 12 of 2010) Social Security Act 34 of 1994 (and the Regulations) Nature Conservation Amendment Act 5 of 1996 Affirmative Action (Employment) Act 29 of 1998 (as amended by Act 6 of 2007 and the Labour Act 11 of 2007) (and the Regulations) Road Traffic and Transport Act 22 of 1999 (as amended by the Road Traffic and Transport Amendment Act 6 of 2008) Namibia Tourism Board Act 21 of 2000 Forest Act 12 of 2001 (and the Forest Regulations 2015) National Heritage Act 27 of 2004 (and the Regulations/Appointments/Declarations made under the National Monuments Act 28 of 1969 and the Regulations 2005) Environmental Management Act 7 of 2007 (and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012) Labour Act 11 of 2007 (and the Labour Amendment Act 2 of 2012) Plant Quarantine Act 7 of 2008 Tobacco Products Control Act 1 of 2010 (and the Regulations) Disaster Risk Management Act 10 of 2012 Water Resources Management Act 11 of 2013 (promulgated, but not yet implemented) Public and Environmental Health Act 1 of 2015 (promulgated, but not yet implemented) Policies, Guidelines, National Strategies & Action Plans Policies Conservation of Biotic Diversity and Habitat Protection 1994 Environmental Assessment Policy for Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation 1995 National Water Policy White Paper - Policy Framework for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Water Resources Management and Water Services 2002 (Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development) National Policy on Tourism for Namibia 2008 National Gender Policy 2010 - 2020 National Health Policy Framework 2010-2020 - “towards quality health and social welfare services” Guidelines The Water Act (Act 54 of 1956) and its requirements in terms of water supplies for drinking water and for waste water treatment and discharge 1998 & Draft Water Quality Guidelines and Standards for Potable Water, as well as Water Quality Standards for Effluent 2008 Code of Practice: Volume 1 SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS General Guidelines June 2007 National Strategies & Action Plans Namibia’s Green Plan 1992 Namibia’s Fourth National Development Plan (NDP4) (2012/13 to 2016/17) – Changing gear towards

17 achieving Vision 2030 Town Planning Schemes, Structure Plans, & Land Use Plans //Karas Integrated Regional Land Use Plan (KIRLUP) 2011 - 2016 International Law African Union (AU) African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981 Revised (Algiers) Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 2003 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Tourism 1998 United Nations (UN) / International Conventions International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 1951 (as last amended in 1997) Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985 and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1987; Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Adopted at the Fourth Meeting of the Parties at Copenhagen on 25 November 1992; Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Adopted by the Ninth Meeting of the Parties at Montreal on 17 September 1997; and Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Beijing, 3 December 1999 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) 1994 United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 and Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2005 International Best Practice The Vermillion Accord on Human Remains 1989 International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 2007 and the EHS Guidelines for Tourism and Hospitality Development 2007

18 4 Environmental Management Plan

4.1 Goal, Aim and Structure of the Environmental Management Plan The ultimate goal of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to ensure that the physical, biophysical and socio-economic objectives are met to such an extent that the overall product of the activity will not result in a net negative impact.

The aim of the EMP is to assist Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers) to ensure that the day- to-day operations are carried out in an environmentally responsible manner, thereby preventing or minimizing the negative effects and maximizing the positive effects of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge.

Once approved by the Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), in the form of an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC), the EMP will become a legally binding document and Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers), their Contractor(s), and their Sub- Contractor(s) are required to abide to the conditions stipulated in the EMP.

The EMP is presented as a comprehensive matrix: for each Activity/Process and related Aspects and Impacts, Management Actions required to address the impacts arising directly and indirectly from the various aspects of the Alte Kalköfen Lodge are listed.

A copy of the EMP should be made available at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge.

External auditing (and monitoring) should be carried out to ensure compliance with the EMP. Parties responsible for transgression of the EMP should be held responsible for any rehabilitation that needs to be undertaken.

Note that the EMP is not a static document and that the document should be updated as Frikkie and Hilde Mouton’s (as the Owner-Managers) activities at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge progresses.

4.2 Permits and Approvals The most pertinent legislation, with the aim of informing Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers) of the legal requirements pertaining to the activities at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, is listed under Section 3 of this Report.

A summary of the relevant legislation and regulatory authorities (including contact details) as far as permits and/or approvals are concerned, is provided:

Legislation Regulatory Authority Permit/Approval Contact Details Water Act 54 of 1956 (as Ministry of Agriculture, Letter from DWA indicating Mr Franciskus Witbooi amended) Water and Forestry that a water abstraction Deputy Director: Law (MAWF), permit is not required as Administration Department of Water the area is not a Water Tel. 061-2087226 Affairs (DWA) Control Area. [email protected]

Wastewater Discharge Permit. Environmental Ministry of Environment Environmental Clearance Mr Teofilus Nghitila Management Act 7 of 2007 and Tourism (MET), Certificate. Environmental Directorate of Commissioner Environmental Affairs Tel. 061-2842751 (DEA) [email protected] or [email protected] Labour Act 11 of 2007 Ministry of Labour, Permission is needed to Mr Henri Kassen Industrial Relations and run 12-hour shifts (should Labour Commissioner Employment Creation it be required). Tel. 061-379100 [email protected]

19 4.3 Roles and Responsibilities Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers) are responsible for fulfilling the requirements in the EMP.

In addition to the before-mentioned, the following actions are proposed: 1. The provision by Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers) of, on an on-going basis, sufficient management sponsorship and human and financial resources for the implementation of the EMP; 2. The development of the proposed monitoring programme(s) (see Section 4.5); and 3. External auditing (by an independent, external auditor) of the management actions as contained in the EMP for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge.

4.4 Environmental Management Plan This Section contains the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge (Table 2) (also see IFC, 2007a; b).

Note that the Alte Kalköfen Lodge is in possession of / is a member of / was awarded:  Environmental Policy and Plan (2012);  Fitness Certificate Environmental Health Services (General Health Regulations), Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) (24 March 2016 till 31 March 2017);  Namibia Tourism Board (NTB) (since 09 December 2011);  Hospitality Association of Namibia (HAN) (since 2012);  Two flowers by Eco Awards Namibia (2013); and  A Certificate of Excellence from TripAdvisor in 2015 (as Winner) (see Annexure C).

Table 2: Environmental Management Plan for the Alte Kalköfen Lodge, //Karas Region, Namibia. ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION Social and Environmental Performance Management and Monitoring Social and Environmental Adhere to all Namibian Legislation, Performance including Best Practice Guidelines.

Ensure that all aspects related to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are implemented.. Consultation and Disclosure Social and Environmental Maintain open and direct lines of Performance communication with the Authorities and Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) (e.g. the //Karas Regional Council, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), the Hospitality Association of Namibia (HAN), Eco Awards Namibia, etc.) with regards to environmental matters.

Consult with I&APs throughout the project process and adequately incorporate I&APs’ concerns. Grievance Mechanism Social and Environmental Implement a grievance mechanism for Performance receiving and resolving any concerns and grievances related to the project’s social and environmental performance throughout the project life cycle.

Inform all I&APs about the mechanism.

Address concerns promptly and transparently and in a culturally appropriate manner.

Keep a register of all concerns/issues

20 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION received from I&APs, as well as the measures taken to address these. Training, including awareness and Social and Environmental Train employees in matters related to the inductions Performance project’s social and environmental performance and Namibia’s regulatory requirements.

Ensure adequate environmental awareness training for all personnel.

Give environmental induction presentations to all personnel. Employment and procurement Social and Environmental Source contracting companies/service opportunities Performance providers/workers based on merit and expertise giving preference to local contractors/service providers/workers on condition that the local contractors/service providers/workers have the required experience and expertise.

Consider utilising local labour for unskilled work and to then provide training to workers in order to perform semi-skilled work; this should be done under the supervision of managers/specialists to ensure maximum local beneficiation.

Ensure that contractors/service providers adhere to the Namibian Labour, Social Security, Health and Safety, and Affirmative Action laws.

Contracts to stipulate that all contractors/service providers have an HIV/AIDS Policy and Programme in place.

Source maximally from local resources to ensure maximum economic beneficiation of local businesses in terms of new business sales. Labour and Working Conditions Social and Environmental Establish, maintain and improve the worker- Performance management relationship. Base the employment relationship on equal opportunity and fair treatment and no discrimination to be allowed.

Comply with Namibia’s labour and employment laws.

Promote safe and healthy working conditions and the protection and promotion of worker health.

Document and communicate the Working Conditions and Terms of Employment.

Respect Collective Agreements and the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively.

Implement a Grievance Mechanism. Occupational and Community Social and Environmental Adhere to all Namibia’s Health and Safety Health and Safety and Security Performance Regulations (Labour Act, 1992: Regulations Relating to the Health and Safety of Employees at Work).

21 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION Ensure that an HIV/AIDS Policy and Programme and Health and Safety Plan is in place.

A SHE (Safety, Health, Environment) Representative to be appointed once the staff complement reaches 20.

Occupational Health and Safety Training to be provided to all employees.

Ensure that qualified first aid can be provided at all times.

Comply with all safety regulations re. electricity supply.

Ensure that employees are trained in the use of appropriate fire fighting equipment and ensure that such equipment is on hand at all times.

Provide and ensure the active use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Make suitable arrangements, as far as practicable, for the maintenance of health, the prevention and overcoming of outbreaks of disease and of adequate first aid services.

Prevent communicable disease (e.g. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) such as HIV transmission): provide surveillance and active screening and treatment of employees; prevent illness among employees (through health awareness and education initiatives); ensure ready access to medical treatment, confidentiality and appropriate care, particularly with respect to migrant workers; and promote immunization.

Ensure that security arrangements are in place. The Alte Kalköfen Lodge Operationalactivities Negativeimpactonfloralspecies Avoid/prevent the planting of potentially invasive alien plant species for ornamental purposes as part of the landscaping (these species often “escape” and become invasive causing further ecological damage); rather incorporate indigenous vegetation into the overall landscaping of the area (this would create a natural ambiance and indigenous species require less water and overall maintenance). Note that the invasive alien Downy thorn apple Datura innoxia was observed in the Riverbed and should be removed.

Promote appropriate guest and staff behaviour (e.g. do not allow any native plant species to be removed/damaged).

22 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION Operationalactivities Pollutionofbiophysical Fertilizers: environment (surface and Conduct regular soil testing (to establish groundwater) nutrient needs) in order to determine fertilizer application rates/correct doses.

Store fertilizers in their original packaging in a dedicated, locked area, with proper signage, and with access limited only to authorised personnel.

Use slow-release and/or natural organic fertilizers. Manure can be an alternative, but if over applied it may also cause pollution.

Prepare a management plan covering the measures for containment, storage and ultimate destruction of obsolete fertilizers in accordance to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines (and consistent with country commitments under the Stockholm, Rotterdam and Basel Conventions).

Note that food scraps are used as compost for the gardens at the Alte Kalköfen Lodge.

Pesticides: Consider non-chemical methods (e.g. use beneficial organisms to perform the biological control of pests, or use mechanical controls, i.e. traps, barriers, light and sound to kill/relocate/repel pests, or use mechanical weed control/thermal weeding) before resorting to chemical application.

Maintain a pesticide logbook: e.g. field observations, weather data, time and dosage of treatment, and effectiveness and apply pesticides based on these criteria. Ensure that only the minimum effective dose is applied.

Avoid the use of pesticides that fall under the Wold Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a and b, and by Hazard Class II. Also those that are listed in Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention (except under the conditions noted in the convention). Only use pesticides that are manufactured under license, registered and approved by the appropriate authority and in accordance with the FAO’s International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides. Only use pesticides that are labeled in accordance with international standards and norms.

Pesticide application equipment to be maintained and calibrated in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

Store pesticides in their original packaging in a dedicated, dry, cool, frost-free, well

23 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION aerated, locked area, with proper signage, and with access limited only to authorised personnel. Also ensure that spill containment measures are in place.

Ensure that the personnel applying pesticides are properly trained; mixing and transfer of pesticides to be done in ventilated and well-lit areas using containers designed/dedicated for the task. Contaminated containers to be handled and treated as hazardous waste (see Hazardous materials management).

Purchase and store only the required amounts of pesticides. The Alte Kalköfen Lodge: Resource Use EnergyManagement Resourceuse(e.g.coal)/ Promote the sustainable use of energy (that depletion of natural resources will result in the reduction of use and cost reductions) (e.g. energy efficient light sources).

Raise awareness amongst the residents, staff (and contractors).

For reduction of energy consumption associated with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and cooking and refrigeration equipment see IFC (2007b). Water-efficient design features Resource use (water) / depletion Use, where feasible, water saving of natural resources equipment including ultra-low-flush toilets, spray nozzles, urinals, faucet aerators, and low-flow showerheads, infrared and ultrasonic sensors, water spigots, and pressure-control valves. WaterManagement Resourceuse/depletionof Implement a water conservation program, natural resources promoting the continuous reduction in water consumption.

Promote and enforce a policy on landscape and garden designs that minimise water consumption e.g. the use of indigenous plants.

Raise awareness amongst the residents, staff (and contractors) re the importance of saving water. The Alte Kalköfen Lodge: Hazardous Materials Management Hazardous materials Social and Environmental Establish hazardous materials management management Performance priorities (based on hazard analysis of risky operations).

Avoid, or minimize the use of hazardous materials.

Prevent uncontrolled releases of hazardous materials to the environment or uncontrolled reactions that may result in fire or explosion.

Implement management controls (procedures, inspections and training, communication and drills) to address residual risks. Hazardousmaterials Pollutionofbiophysical Implementpreventionandcontrolmeasures

24 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION management environment(soilandwater) fortheuse,handlingandstorageof hazardous materials: Reaction, fire, and explosion prevention: hazardous materials to be stored in marked containers and separate (from non-hazardous materials); incompatible hazardous materials (acids, bases, flammables, oxidizers, reactive chemicals) to be stored in separate areas and with containment facilities separating material storage; smoking or working with open flames not to be permitted in the presence of these substances; limit access to hazardous waste storage areas and clearly label and demarcate the area; conduct regular inspections of the areas and document the findings; prepare and implement spill response and emergency plans; train employees in the use of appropriate fire fighting equipment and ensure that such equipment is on hand at all times.

Train workers on the correct transfer and handling of fuels and chemicals and the response to spills.

Immediately report and clean up any accidental hydrocarbon spill: Spill-Sorb, Drizzat Pads, Enretech Powder or Peat Moss can be used to clean up small spills; in case of larger spills, the spill together with the polluted soil should be removed and disposed of at e.g. a biological remediation site. Hazardous materials Occupational Health and Safety Implement hazard communication and management training programmes (including information on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)) to make employees aware of workplace chemical hazards and how to respond to these.

Provide and ensure the active use of PPE. The Alte Kalköfen Lodge: Waste Management Waste management: non- Pollution of biophysical Prepare an Integrated Waste hazardous and hazardous environment Management Plan. The generation of waste should be avoided or minimized as far as practicable; where it cannot be avoided, but has been minimized, waste should be recovered and reused (e.g. set up collection points for the recycling of solid waste; note that organic waste is used for composting); where waste cannot be recovered/reused, it should be treated, destroyed and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.

Waste reduction can be achieved by: buying in bulk quantities; using refillable, bulk dispensers (e.g. toiletries) (vs. individually packaged products); working with suppliers in order to limit the use of, and establishing recycling for, product packaging; avoiding the use of polystyrene foam altogether; using glass/durable plastic rather than disposable plastic items (straws/cups); providing in-room recycling

25 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION procedures and appropriate receptacles.

Raise awareness amongst residents, staff and contractors (to reduce, recycle and reuse waste).

Stamp down on any form of littering.

Non-hazardous and hazardous waste to be collected and stored separately.

Hazardous waste: recycle petroleum (fuels and lubricants) waste products and collect and recycle batteries and print cartridges. The remainder to be transported by an approved contractor to a recognized hazardous waste disposal site (e.g. Walvis Bay or Windhoek), with prior permission from the relevant Municipality. Waste management: sanitary Pollution of biophysical Ensure that the discharge of sanitary environment wastewater to land conform to the regulatory requirements (Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry’s (MAWF) Water Quality Standards for Effluent (2008; see Annexure D).

Note that all toilets are of the flush-type and drain into a French drain. Notices are placed at each toilet to remind guests not to flush foreign objets down the toilet.

Use bio-degradable toilet cleaners that do not kill the bacteria in the septic tanks. Biotreatment is added (to the French drains) on a weekly basis. Wastewatermanagement Pollutionofbiophysical Minimize the use of the laundry through environment asking guests to reuse the towels and bedding.

Control the consumption of cleaning materials. If feasible, substitute cleaning materials with biodegradable products.

Avoid/minimize the use of cleaning agents that contain phosphates, nitrilotriacetic acid or any of its salts, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene dinitrilotetraacetic acid or any of their salts, alkylphenol ethoxylate, halogenated organic solvents, butoxy-ethanol, and (Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in excess of 10 percent by mass. Wastewater management - Soilerosion Regularinspectionandmaintenanceof stormwater management permanent erosion and runoff control features. The Alte Kalköfen Lodge: Occupational and Community Health and Safety Foodquality OccupationalandCommunity Apply international standards/implement Health and Safety systems re. the handling, preparation and storage of food, e.g. SANS 10049:2001 (Food Hygiene Management) and/or ISO 22000:2005 (Food Safety Management System). Indoorairquality OccupationalandCommunity Use low VOC-emitting products. Health and Safety Avoid, where possible, the use of aerosols, sprays and air fresheners.

26 ASPECT IMPACT MITIGATION/COMPENSATION

Housekeeping and cleaning products to be used during unoccupied hours.

HVAC system: conduct periodic, preventive maintenance (incl. cleaning drain pans and changing filters); keep duct lining dry; ensure clean mechanical rooms; and fix leaks and clean spills immediately. Swimmingpools CommunityHealthandSafety Implementapoolwatersanitization programme; the programme should include the monitoring of water quality (also see World Health Organization (WHO), 2006). Landing Strip Community Health and Safety Social and Environmental Notice or information boards relating public Performance health and safety hazards and emergency contact details should be put up at the Landing Strip. Landing Strip Maintenance Air quality (dust or Particulate Maintain the landing strip surface to Matter (PM) pollution) preserve surface characteristics (e.g. texture and roughness).

Avoid landing strip maintenance under high wind conditions or when a visible dust plume is present.

Use dust control/suppression methods, such as applying water or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dust. Soil erosion Reduce or prevent soil erosion (if relevant). Occupational and Community Maintain the landing strip surface to Safety preserve surface characteristics (e.g. texture and roughness).

Replace the wind sock (as needed).

Paint the boundary demarcation stones (of the landing strip) white. Economical Ensure that the run-up pad is free of rocks/stones before landing. Landing and Takeoff of Aircraft: Occupational and Community Apply wildlife repellent techniques (if Fauna/Avifauna on the landing Safety necessary), e.g. audio techniques, or visual strip techniques to scare and repel wildlife. Parked Aircraft Pollution of biophysical Aircraft maintenance/servicing/washing not environment (air, soil and water) to be allowed on site.

Enforce proper waste (hazardous and non- hazardous) management practices.

Note that no re-fuelling of aircraft takes place in the area.

27 4.5 Monitoring and Reporting The following monitoring and reporting, at least but not limited to, need to be carried out:

Type Parameter Frequency Responsible Person *Wastewater discharge As per the Department of As per DWA effluent Designated Person(s) Water Affairs (DWA), discharge permit Ministry of Agriculture, requirements Water and Forestry’s (MAWF) Effluent Numeric Requirements (see Annexure D) Swimming pool water Monitor the water quality Ad hoc Designated Person(s) sanitization to establish treatment need and frequency Stormwater and soil Soil erosion rates Ad hoc (rainy season) Designated Person(s) erosion Alien invasive plant Identification and removal Three-monthly monitoring Designated Person(s) species of any alien invasive species Environmental Environmental Internal audits (monthly) Designated Person(s) Management Plan performance / corrective External audits (annual) measures to be taken as or when required

*The Department of Water Affairs (DWA), Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development (MAWRD) prepared Water Quality Guidelines and these were adopted in 1998. In 2008, draft (Water Quality Guidelines and Standards for Potable Water, as well as) Water Quality Standards for Effluent were prepared to become Regulations under the Water Resources Management Act 24 of 2004 (see Annexure D).

28 5 Conclusions and Recommendations

The Alte Kalköfen Lodge has been in operation since September 2010.

It is advised that Frikkie and Hilde Mouton (as the Owner-Managers), their contractors and employees, should implement and observe the Environmental Management Plan on an ongoing basis. Environmental performance should be regularly monitored (so that the lessons learnt can be incorporated into the improvement of the Environmental Management Plan over time) and corrective measures taken as or when required.

Dr Lima Maartens LM Environmental Consulting

29 6 References

Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DEA). 2008. Draft Procedures and Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plans (EMP). Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek. Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN). 2012. Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Government Notice No. 28. Commencement of the Environmental Management Act, 2007. Government Notice No. 29. List of activities that may not be undertaken without Environmental Clearance Certificate: Environmental Management Act, 2007. Government Notice No. 30. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations: Environmental Management Act, 2007. Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia. No. 4878. 6 February 2012. International Finance Corporation (IFC). World Bank Group. 2007a. Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines. 99 pp. International Finance Corporation (IFC). World Bank Group. 2007b. Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines for Tourism and Hospitality Development. 20 pp. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2012. International Finance Corporation’s Guidance Notes: Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability. 1 January 2012. 273 pp. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2004. ISO 14001 Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. Second Edition. 32 pp. Legal Assistance Centre (LAC). 2010. NAMLEX Index to the Laws of Namibia, Legal Assistance Centre, 2010 update. Information current to 30 June 2010. 483 pp. Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). 2008. Guide to the Environmental Management Act 7 of 2007. 64 pp. Ruppel, O.C. and K. Ruppel-Schlichting (Eds). 2016. Environmental Law and Policy in Namibia Towards Making Africa the Tree of Life. Third Fully Revised Edition. John Meinert Printing (Pty) Ltd. World Health Organization (WHO). 2006. Guidelines for safe recreational water environments. Volume 2, Swimming pools and similar environments. 146 pp.

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