DAY SPECIAL MESSAGE Qy DR. KWANIE NhRU\fAH

DESIGNED TACTICS HASTENING RACIAL CONFLICT By DA 8: UBA

Jan.-Feb., 1969 Africa Summit Conference Reports THE CASE OF OCCUPIED AFRICA NorE : .The following are quotations from the case ible enslavement of half million people in their home- of "South ll'est Africa" () and the occupied land by a minority clique of white imported racists areas of Africa, presented to the United Nations' Gen- operating in . eral Assembly, -November 21 7, 1968 by 12r. V. J. The International Court of Justice (an imperialist 111waanga, the representative of the Republic of arm) took six long years to decide judging not to judge" (formerly Northern Rhodesia) and reproduced for our . . . the imperative merits of the case brought before readers' ! benefit. the Court by the African States of and Naani'bia, is known to all Africans as the area that . huropeans called "South West Africa." SIVAPO, is U. N., Come Out in the Open the abbreviation of (South lhest African People Or- The fundamental issue is moral, humanitarian and ganization) . "Boutustans" are barren ; slow death areas political. Namibia is the homeland of 500,000 Afri- in South Africa in which Africans are thrown by cans ; quite unlike the imported racists in South Africa, dugged-in armed Europeans scattered reservations have no other hom-. These people and their ancestors and guarded against, relief, genocide camps. have lived there for centuries, and one might say even The population of South Africa and Namibia is 16 since the dawn of history. Therefore, they have an million Africans and 3 million Europeans. inalienable right to live there in peace without any Parenthetic statements, subheads apd Italics are ours. foreign domination or oppression. They have a God given right to their freedom and Once again the General Assembly is considering the independence and to develop their own political, social problem of Namibia, which has remained fixed on the and economic institutions. They have a right to enjoy agenda of the United Nations for many years. Since their own cultural heritage, no matter what any clique the subject was last debated, the situation has assumed of arrogant outsiders might think. And as such there a grave proportion, which will darken the pages of is no mandate, no treaty, no law on earth that could self- historv. legitimately rob them of this right of freedom and dc-termination. WeUhave witnessed the creation of the first bantustan in Namibia, the removal of all the indigenous people The United Nations itself is not endowed with the from the old location of Windhoek to segregated areas, riL,:ht to obstruct the wishes of the indigenous people the killing of SWAPO freedom fighters in Caprivi of Namibia. The urgent question is that of freedom Strip a few weeks ago, and the denial of justice to the or enslavement, and it is high timA that Member States 31 Namibians who were being illegally tried by South of the United Nations, and especially those who have African Courts ; to mention only a few. the key to the balance of power in that area, let the It has been evident since 1946 that the racist regime world know on which side they are on. of South Africa had decided to incorporate Namibia Military Fortress Against African Nationalism within its territorial frontiers. As is well known, sub- The shrewd banditry of South Africa's behavior ex- sequent efforts by the International Community to dis- lodge South Africa from the territory of Namibia did presses itself in the way she skillfully abuses the legal not bear any fruitful results. process in making white friends and oppressing Afri- can people. First as a mandatory power, she was in A Gauntlet Thrown to''All Africans the enviable position to exploit the mineral wealth of It is a matter of deep regret to my delegation that Namibia for her own selfish profit, and at the same the International Community has failed to compel time secure a huge chunk of Africa as a Northern South Africa to abandon its criminal policy. Instead military fortress against the inevitable rise of African of taking resolute and drastic measures against South nationalism to the North. Africa, Ax Uni.ted Nations has been evasive and in- Such naked piracy is certainly unparalleled in inter- effective. More than seventy (70) resolutions on this national affairs. . . The racist regime in South Africa question prominently occupy the pages of the United uses international law to get what they want, then tern Nations. It is clear that resolutions alone will not have round after to reject the very existence of the law." any meaningful effect on the course of events - in The actions and attitude of the Pretoria regime are Namibia or indeed help to speed up the achievement tantamount to international legal gangsterism. of self-determination and independence for the suffer- This being the case, the United Nations has abso- ing people of that territory. lutely no alternative but to respond to the wishes of The United Nations has a special and direct re- the indigenous people by bringing this regime to sanity. sponsibility to the people of that territory, because not It is the duty of all Members of this organization only are we confronted with a case of sheer colonial who love peace, who believe in the universal brother- domination in its most hideous form, but we are also hood of man, who love freedom and justice to support duty bound to defend the very spirit of the Charter. appropriate measures to rid the people of Namibia The "League of Nations" mandate for Namibia can from foreign occupation and other manifest evils of' no longer serve as a valid basis for the perpetual fore- (Continued on page 14)

2 AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINION Journal of AFRICA DAY, 25th Independent Thoughts and Expression Established 1963 Vol. 8 JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1969 Nos. II & 12 by Jas. L. Brown ...... Editor and Manager Organization of African Unity (OAU) Victor G. Cohen ...... Associate Editor H. Cumberbatch ...... Associate Editor Gladys P. Graham (Famata) ...... Woman's Editor The Black Man's

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE HOLIDAY Front Cover Photo : School Boy in Equator May 25th of Each Year Province, Kongo, Unobstructed and Free from Fear. UN Photo. THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN The Case of Occupied Africa ...... 2 NATIONAL DAY Letters ...... 4 "Return to Africa Heard at Hampton ...... 5 We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of Whither Are We Going? African descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal, By Victor G. Cohen ...... etc., for Mutual Observance of: Africa Day Special Message May 25th - All Africans' Day By Dr. ...... 7 Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loud! Land Grant to African-Americans ...... 9 Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict U N I A & African Communities League Federation, Inc...... 10 Ethiopian World By Da & LTba . Society of African Descendants, Inc. Africa Invites Black Power Conference ...... 11 Our Families Protection Association, Inc. 12 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Africa Summit Conference Reports ...... African-American Teachers Association Harlem Labor Union AFRICAN OPINION Published bi-monthly by African Picture & Information 2 Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026. Jas. L. Brown, President and Secretary. Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied Notice : On account of re-organization of the business by return self-addressed, stamped envelope. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: management, no issue was published since the August- 1 Year $1 .50 - Single Copy 26 cents Make all remittances payable to : September number. This does not affect the number AFRICAN PICTURE & INFORMATION SERVICE of copies due on the yearly subscription.

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AFRICAN -OPINION 3 African World Wide Survey LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

October 17, 1968 MY THOUGHT FOR TODAY Dear Editor, By W. D. Anderson, Liaison REMEMBER THE FREEDOM I compose this letter because I am There used to be a great struggle FIGHTERS deeply interested in the political and for "Integration", "Equal Rights" IN , , social progress of my homeland, Af- and "Racial Equality". There is rica. Although I was born here in something that causes all of this RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA America my heart and soul have al- trouble and excitement. We should ways been in Africa among my ask ourselves the question : If we all Brothers and Sisters with whom I started out equal (Independence share a common cause "in all rela- cre- ness. If we have talents and do not Declaration : "that all men are blame no one but tive aspects." . . .") what happened? use them we must ated equal ourselves. Sir, I read every edition of the Did we lose our equality? If we African Opinion and I must com- lost it, let's find it, then put it to True we have been brought up in ment that it is very informative as work for our best interests. a surrounding where we saw but lit- well as educational for those who If we have talents let's join hands tle in picture, carvings or reading are interested in the obvious or less around the world and use our talents, that would have a tendency to re- obvious struggles of the black man not to make others unhappy, but use mind us that we have had a glorious collectively. It is a wonderful feel- it for ourselves and our coming gen- history. Lacking these we seem to be ing to be able to read African litera- erations' safety, security and happi- blind to the truth and deaf to the ture and feel confident that you echo of our calling. are receiving the truth ; as does The Emancipation Proclamation one experience reading the African endeavor is over a hundred years old. Since Opinion. Editor, to assist me in my to correspond with Africans of both the declaration men and women of Without complaining in this facet, sexes, who are interested in their Af- both races have gone far to point out I profoundly feel that every black rican-American Brothers and Sisters, the true way to what we need - and person in America has experienced so that I may thus broaden my scope that should be what, we want. This the persecution of prejudice dis- upon the country which I am united will give us complete Emancipation. crimination in some form or other by a common cause. Then we will cease to be big babies and accept being weaned. without provocation. Thus it is both . Editor, I doubt if this sad and tragic the injustice which I P.S. : Mr letter will reach you because my mail Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jeffer- have had to sustain at the hands of frequently ob- son, Charles Fenton Mercer, James political here at this prison is scavengers ; who saw the structed. However, if it does reach Monroe, Paul Cuffe, Bishop H. M. opportunity to further their political you "Please" acknowledge receiving Turner, Mrs. M. L. Gordon, Marcus careers through my persecution and Garvey . . . have put forth the ef- sufferings. such. Sincerely, forts to make us men. I was illegally sent to prison for Otis X. Adams Let us integrate our finances allegedly kidnapping three racist among ourselves now and also sign police officers. My trial was widely Otis X. Adams, #90279 a petition for the passage of a Re- publicized, as a result of this, the P. O. Box 779 patriation Bill. This will go further presiding judge and other political Marquette, Mich. 49855 towards solving our problems honest- personnel perpetrated to deprive me ly, realistically and safely than any- of enjoying any form of justice. thing else that some of our people Therefore I was used as a. scapegoat are now attempting. and a political stepping stone. Thus AGENTS WANTED I am at present a political prisoner to handle For further information and clari- fication of the workings of Universal whose efforts towards freedom are AFRICAN OPINION constantly being obstructed by the Negro (African) Improvement As- white politicians who are responsible Address : sociation and African Communities for my illegal incarceration. Circulation Manager League, visit the local "Liberty Hall" any Sunday 3 P.M. at 1110 Broad- Without elaborating upon the daily 8 WEST 117th STREET atrocities which I sustain in prison, New York, N. Y. 10026 way, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. W. E. I would like to request of you, Mr. Sanders, President. 4 AFRICAN OPINION

"'RETURN TO AFRICA" HEARD AT HAMPTON

The faculty and student body of return to mother Africa, since Amer- unprepared to answer that question," Hampton Institute, one of the col- ica no longer needs us," especially Parker said. "It was the first time leges set up for the education of with her "Population Explosion", I had been presented with it." Only Africans freed from American slav- her perfected automation, chronic 21 years old, he is now hoping to ery, heard a renewed plan to relieve unemployment, mounting relief cases return and help build Africa after the vexing problem facing black and the tax burden. graduation from Hampton in Vir- people in America. "The brothers in the jails, the ginia. The plan of action was discussed poor, the oppressed, the 'unemployed Three Bills Before Congress bv Bro. Mustafa Hashim, a repre- are truly aware, willing and have sentative of the African Repatriation ever been ready to return to Africa, The program ended with a great Association with office at 5119 Chest- the spokesman said, "where condi- ovation and Bro. Mustafa was ex- nut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. tion and climate are far more favor- tended an invitation to return the The Association, Mr. Hashim re- able to a happier living than here. coming semester to further develop the theme of Repatriation. Theodis ported, "has presented a bill to the Students to Africa Visiting Holland, president of the Student Congress of the U. S. requesting Reported government assistance "to those who Government congratulated Bro. Mus- want to return" to the African Highlighting the program was Mr. tafa for an interesting and informa- fatherland and who, because of dis- John A. Williams' film comparing tive lecture. crimination and repression, have scenes on his visit to Nigeria, with NOTE : It is reproted that three been prevented from amassing the palm trees, dancing and playing on bills for assistance are presently be- means to move with their families beaches, with the impoverished areas fore Congress. One submitted by and belongings and to sustain them- of Philadelphia. Williams stated "The Ethiopian Peace Movement" selves for the brief period of read- that he was called "Omowale" which of Chicago; another by the "Self- justment. means "the son who has returned determination, Reparation and Re- The request, the lecturer went on, home" in the African language. patriation Committee" of California is only a fraction of reparation due Many of the students signed a pe- and the third by the "African Amer- the Africans for over 300 years of tition giving their support to "the ican Repatriation Association of blood, sweat and tears that helped right of those, who want to return Philadelphia. build America. to Africa," to seek government aid The bills embodied in sum and the Garvey's Plea Repeated through Reparation. substance the provisions of Mr. James Parker, Chairman of "Longer Bill" of 1948, submitted by Opening with 's the "Black Forum", invited Bro. "African Nationalist Movements," "appeal to the soul of white Amer- Mustafa to Hampton. of New York and the "Bilbo Bill" ica," he said, "the historical condi- Parker was also in Nigeria for of 1939 submitted by the Ethiopian tions which led to the depression, de- two months during the summer and Peace Movement of Chicago, Ill. The gradation and de-humanization of the was adopted by a Nigerian family. "Bilbo Bill" although endorsed by freed Africans have not changed. During his trip he also visited six million signatures was ignored The dictated solution to our prob- , Togoland and Dahomey. He by Congress. Disregarding the wishes lem of "laying down our buckets" said that the question most often of 6,000,000 adults and thereby cre- here has, as planned, failed miser- asked bv the Africans he met was ate a state of frustration, requires ably. For that reason, "we must why did he stay in America? "I was close re-examination.

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AFRICAN OPINION

WHITHER ARE WE GOING? !"Tow that the DAWN OF FREE- By Victor G. Cohen vantage of this created opportunity. DOM has finally arrived, the ques- Remember the old adage : "Knowl- tion is - where do we go from here? edge is power." Now that we are beginning to know Let us not be like the wilful child ourselves, know from whence we who cries unnecessarily. His mother came, know our heritage, we should thought lie was lningry and gave him grasp the golden ke;v of Unity and some food, he promptly threw it on demonstrate in practical and visible the floor. Remember this : success action that we are one in thoughts will always come to those who think -words and deeds. When an Afri- positively. can is abused or mistreated any- where it should be our concern ; and POSITIVE THINKING -we should not hesitate to use any means necessarv to prevent its re- tiuccess will always come to those eurrence . Who think in a positive way Where do we go from here in the Its golden door is never closed field of racial education? Every Af- To positive thinkers, night or day. rican-American boy and -irl from the age of five and up should be If You are positive in your thoughts taught the history of Africa - the Negative ones will have no room home of his and her ancestors. This For "Dame Success" will be inside will impart a great sense of pride should open its d(mrs for this To guide your actions without fear. and enable them to carry on the torch purpose. of mental and intellectual freedom. Where do we go from here in the Think positive, let the negative go Lot us take a page out of the his- field of Economic education? The This weakling was not made for you tory o£ the Jews. When a Jewish majority of us are not trained to 1Trrfold the positive powers of bind child leaves the public schools in earn a decent livelihood for ourselves And leave the negative ones behind. the afternoon, he is sent to a Jewish and our families. Our remonstrances school in the evenings to be taught have created a "wind of change" If you do this from day to day the history and customs of his or her which will enable us to better our Success is bound to come ,your way ancestors. We should do likewise for economic condition. Those of us who For she admires nothing less our children's sake. Every church are net so equipped should take ad- Than positive thinking at its best. Teachers Wanted In Zambia iM;M;EW ;UVO Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on a massive Educational Development Program. Shortage in trained manpower is due to restricted e ucational policies of the C former colonial administration .

S W L1 1 -M 1 1 C 1 1 m primary to teacher training, technical training,

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1 111 klet on : Teaching and Living in Zambia

11 1 Educationalnal Attach6 1 ian Embassy 1 : 1 ' Washington," C supplied , " C t I'"nn{i n;n+rrnnnA~iin&nnn«nnnn41~144 inU+nii(11innnrV+in)n;innn AFRICAN OPINION AFRICA DAY SPECIAL MESSAGE NOTE : The following Message By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah South Africa as an effective way of from Dr. Nkrumah, the outstanding dealing with a so-called "threat" Africa, Portugal and Rhodesia are who com- from neighbouring states. African patriot and leader, cooperating in the military sphere Close All African Ranks Demanded mands the adherence of all "Afri- to crush guerrilla campaigns in the cans, at home and abroad" by his territories they occupy. They ex- Faced with the combined military while spectacular accomplishment change information about freedom strength of the South Africans, Per- sitting as president of Ghana. Not fighter activities, allow overflights tugal and Rhodesian settlers, African only did the osagyefo (savior) put and landings of military aircraft in freedom fighters must close their Ghana on par with the few advanced each other's countries, and in the ranks and put an end to rivalries. States in Africa in a few years but case of South Africa, supply armed They must also be supported by brought about the continental govern- forces and helicopters to assist in the united and determined action on the rnent (Organization of African counter offensive. A military intelli- part of the whole independent Af- Unity) before lee was removed from gence board, known as the "Council rica. No part of Africa is free while his dedicated vanta,ged position by of Three," is said to--meet regularly any of our national territory remains Western imperialists. in Pretoria, South Africa ; Salisbury unliberated. There can be no co- This special message is reproduced iii Rhodesia ; Lourenco Marques, in existence between African independ- from the AZANIA NEWS, organ of Mozambique ; or Luanda in Angola ; ence and imperial and neo-colonial the "Revolutionary Command" of to prepare joint action. domination; between, independent the Pan Africani.st Congress of Unholy United Council Operating Africa and racist,, minority, settler South Africa, for our readers' bene- governments. The world first heard of the par- fit. It is also a service to enable The military obstacles we have to ticipation of South African forces leaders of the African group abroad overcome to achieve our goal of total in military action outside their own to evaluate the situation and to con- liberation and an All- borders in August 1967, when a sider the appropriate co-ordinated ac- Government are obvious and sur- sarong force of freedom fighters went tion required to meet this threatening mountable. Less easy to recognize into action around Wankie Game Re- challenge. and to combat are the insidious, often serve in Rhodesia. A large contin- disguised workings of neo-colonial- As the armed phase of the African gent of South African police in ism, - the economic and political revolution for total liberation and armoured cars was rushed to the pressures which seek to undermine unity gains momentum in Central scene. Since then, there have been our independence and to perpetuate and Southern Africa, racist settlers, innumerable reports of South Afri- and extend the grip of foreign mo- imperialists and neo-colonialists are can intervention. In Rhodesia, South nopoly finance capital over the eco- intensifying and diversifying their West Africa, Angola and Mozam- nomic life of our continent. efforts to consolidate and extend their bique, South African helicopters are Many of our so-called independent domination . They are faced with a being used to hunt freedom fighters. states are in fact neo-colonies. They protracted guerrilla struggle which Armed South African police are have all the outward appearance of in the long run they know they can- operating against nationalists in sovereignty but their economy and not win . But they are seeking by South West Africa. South African therefore their political policy is di- joint military action to contain it, troops are reported in both Angola rected from outside. Some have been and by devious and insinuating eco- and Mozambique . in the grip of neo- since nomic and political penetration to Enemy co-operation is not only independence. Others have been sub- undermine its strength. confined to defensive operations. jected to neo-colonialism by means They see their opportunity in the There are clear indications that the of military coups engineered by neo- continuing disunity of independent members of the "Council of Three" colonialists acting in conjunction Africa, the lack of continental plan- are planning offensive action against with indigenous reactionaries. ning and direction of the liberation independent African states. Zambia In recent. months, with the intensi- struggle, and in the willingness of has been openly threatened . Further- fication of the guerrilla struggle in certain African leaders to allow their more., some ten miles from her Central and Southern Africa, pres- countries to become client states . border, on the Caprivi Strip, the sure has been strongly directed to- Collective imperialism confronts a "South Africans" have built an wards those states which have com- disunited, weakened, independent enormous airfield, said to have a two mon frontiers with South Africa, Africa. mile runway. There are many re- Rhodesia, economically, and thus The situation demands immediate ports of armed incursions of "Rho- hold up the advance the African and drastic remedy. We must throw desians", "South Africans" and of Revclnticn and at the same time to the full weight of a united, revolu- Portuguese over the borders between improve their own neo-colonialist tionary Africa into the struggle. Zambia, Rhodesia, and Mozambique . position. Each day that we delay, we fail our The example of the recent Israeli Abetting the Enemy gallant freedom fighters and betray aggression against Arab states has Aiding and our people. not passed unnoticed in Pretoria, and The tragedy is that some African It is an open secret that South has been publicly proclaimed in heads of state are themselves actually AFRICAN OPINION. 7: aiding and abetting imperialists and Africa. In (Nyasaland) ice All Africans Must Be Alerted neo-colonialists. In February 1967, have virtually spanned a bridge into The South African Liberation Malawi became the first independent the heart of Africa." Movement together with the peoples African conclude a trade state to Is Malawi Inviting Tragedy? of independent Africa and freedom agreement, and later to establish dip- fighters wherever they are operating lomatic relations with South Africa. A delighted broadcaster in Salis- must be alert to this new challenge. Since then, other African states have bury on 8th October 1967 praised Nco-colouism, like colonialism and also been lured into the South Afri- Dr. Banda for what he called his imperialism can only be banished can neo-colonialist web by a mixture "realistic policy", and added : "the from our midst by armed struggle. of "aid" and carefully-veiled threats. nations which are nearest to South In East, Central and West Africa, Africa have been the quickest to fos- The withdrawal of Britain from neo-colonialism is hard at work realize the side on which their bread the High Commission territories, the tering regional economic groupings, is buttered." He referred here to break between Britain and Rhodesia in the knowledge that without polit- and (Basutoland they will remain weak as a result of U.D.I. (Unlawfully ical cohesion and Betuanaland, formerly) . neo-colonialist pres- Declared Independence), and the and subject to South Africa is daily increasing . The U. S. outbreak of guerrilla warfare in the sures and domination her economic and political penetra- statement on Portuguese colonies, has given South government in its latest tion into African territories. The Le- will favour Africa a golden opportunity to jump "aid" has said that it sotho government iii 1967 appointed to- in. South Africa is in the classic thoFe states which are grouped three "South Africans" to "advise" -ether in this way. imperialist position of a manufactur- on political and economic affairs. In attempt is made to ing country seeking new outlets for As each new Rhodesia, South African capital in- from our its capital and goods. Its policy is divide its and to divert us vestment alrcadv exceeds that of exposed and at- to exploit the labour and resources purpose it must be Britain ; and it 4is mainly the sup- men of its hinterland, thereby strengthen- tacked. Already, the ordinary port of South Africa which has en- the ing South Africa's ecenomy and at and women of Africa are talking abled Ian Smith's rebel regime to language of the African Revolution . the same time delaying the advance survive. speak of freedom and unity, of the African Revolution . They The South African government and know that these objectives are South Africa's "new policy" of im- has recently granted eight million synonymous, and can only be at- proved relations with African states rand ($11,160,000.00) to Malawi tained through armed struggle. In has been described as the building of for the building of the new capital some cases, the people of Africa are "bridges" rather than "forts". The city at Lilongwe . Of the five million ahead of their governments. But the crux of the matter was revealed rand set aside for "economic coopera- pressures they are exerting will in- clearly in the editorial of the South tion", two million has already been evitably compel the pace forward. African Financial Gazette of 10th ear-marked for Malawi as a "first We must recognize and fight the May 1968 instalment" this year. Since 1964, external and the internal enemy, and "11%e must build more bridges and when Malawi became independent, combine all our resources in the great less forts. The might of our armed imports from South Africa have struggle which lies ahead. With co- forces are not enough to shield off doubled ; while the main force be- hesive planning and with a full hostilities still being built up against hind capital investment in Malawi awareness of our united strength, South Africa in some African States. is increasingly the South African nothing can halt the process towards We must build more bridges into government itself. fugal victory.

NOW ON THE RECORD AID AFRICA NOW The Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice Committee, Inc. of 2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St.) New York, N. Y. 10027 MARCUS GARVEY Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam- before the world . In your own home you can now hear bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . . by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS Neighboring States . that shook the world for only $1.50 - by mail $2.25. Please make donations to the above Committee Payment in Advance and mail to: P.O. Box 126 New York, N. Y. 10027 VANGUARD LOCAL, UNIA & ACL All Funds will be sent through the 2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St.) Organization of African Unity New York, N. Y. 10027

AFRICAN OPINION LAND GRANT TO AFRICAN-AMERICANS a On their second trip to Africa in nislaed by a "Dr. Fischer, head of ,search for settlement areas, Rev. the United States Agency for Inter- 1V inston G. Evans, Executive Di- national Development to Ethiopia, rector and Mr. Dewey Weaver, the officials said. 'treasurer respectively, of the Ethi- The land grant will be used for opian World Federation, Inc. of comnninity building, raising live Chicago, Illinois, announce that the stock, agriculture and other under- result of their mission far exceeds takings, by returnees in collaboration their expectations. with the brothers there and with the leaving Chicago by air in Decent- help of both governments, the Ethi- her, 1968, the couple visited Liberia, opian and the United States. , Ghana and Ethiopia. In "We have already a 500 acre grant , Ghana the Federation estab- at Shashamane and at Arussie. Ad- Iished registration and requested land ministrator .James Piper and wife, for mutual development, the leaders have built it up in ten years with a reported. growing number of homes, two The two representatives then de- sch(x)ls, a recreation center and the ten room Malakii E. Bayen Health parted for Ethiopia where the World Photo : Miss Miriant Mkeba Federation had received 10,000 acres clinic and staffs. Living on that land granted by Ills \lajcsty, Emperor grant are families from the West Indies and the United States." Re-united After Years flaile Selassie while he was on a 300 visit to the United States in 1967. The Illinois branch of the Ethi- The will of hate had it so that opiaau World Federation, Inc,, with Rev. Evans and Mr. Weaver re- offices at 6341 So. Dorchester Av- after 30() years of parting Stokelyy ceivecl assistance from the Ethiopian Carmic-bael from Trinidad, West In- enue, Chicago, is "appealing for Minister of Agriculture and the thousands from the United States dies, and Miriam Makeba from in South Africa appeared recently on a Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and West Indies. Emphasis is placed television program in New York as their travel activities along with an on farmers, mechanics, technicians, man expert from the Agricultural Depart- business men and women along with and wife. Carmichael and Ala- who accompanied them to the keba ran into each other in the ment professionals and those with the United States and put to an end the .ites, thev stated. know-how to help in the rebuilding concocted concept, of their common Appeal for Settlers of Africa. All are needed - young, enemy, that "East is East and West old, rich and poor." There is room is West never the twain shall ineet ." h:vans and Weaver examined and and opportunities for many more The instigators of separation prob- slu ve)ed sites in "Bale Province" who are seeking a climate to live in ably had forgotten the dominance of ;irn(l in "Lobe." Supplies were fur- security and freedom from fear. that. "precious ties of blood" and that, identity (if color in this case. Carmichael was dragged away and sisters oil this side, of the At- The Black Power advocate some- from iMakeba, placed on the "Good amusingly revealed further that Ship desrts", brought to Iamestown, lantic, that her album began to hit what high in circulation until, it was re- he got back his passport but, for some Virginia (1011) A.D. ), dragooned to from the Caribbean and bartered for mo- vealed, she married Stokely Car- mysterious reasons, he is barred ntich, el. many states in the Caribbean and lasses. IIe returned to the United other places "not off limit" including States, attended Howard University The Vampires, the Conspirators, Trinidad, where he was born and leader ]it the fight for with policy to keep Africans apart and became a where his relatives reside. freedom. stepped in, clamped down and slow Both revealed tlw repressive sys- clown the allnun's sale. The action is He went on further to compare tems under which then groxv were one viewed ns a display of displeasure the difficulties he is facing with those and the same. over a domestic union and camou- practiced on Marcus Garvey, who ad- A talented artist, Miss Makeba flag,i ug thi i r cha;-rin by using the vocated "Africa for the Africans at geared her songs which translate the confrontation between Carmichael home and abroad." The presentation agony of her people in South Africa and the authorities as a cloak. throws light on the problems that now under sicgc. lw European gang- Carmichael ran into conflict with black people face, one after another. sters. the State Department when he ig- All said and done, the hand of Barred by Collusion nored its directive and visited North fate has put together again, two The songs of the talented African Vietnam, China and Cuba. for which African nationals and their respec- artist so enlighting, to her brothers his passport was confiscated. tive kinsmen, after 300 years apart.

AFRICAN OPINION 9 Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict By Da & Uba Da-Uba, the world is troubled lash" by those with "Axe to grind them in a "colonial status", in a by a feeling of insecurity stemming and fish to fry". category of messengers, of hero wor- from the planned use of atomic What's back of all this turmoil, shippers of their trainees, rather than weapons, from provocation, persecu- Uba ? Over a million children and independent leaders of their natural tion and ending up into frustration. their parents have become involved fellows. Oil tracing the source generating the over two schools, one in the African As a matter of fact, they are eon- apprehension, we found a small communities in Brooklyn and the ditioned to shun the mass of the very group of whites located in Europe, other in Harlem? people from whence they sprung, to America, Canada, South Africa, Uba-The desire for greater profit, keep them in substandard status and Rhodfsia, Australia and the "Mid- to have and to hold exclusively. How- to show signs of being honored too. dle East" with two naval fleets, far ever there comes a time when people With those unnatural and damaging away from their home base and ar- begin to take stock of themselves, to evidcuce, independent leaders have guing with each other. What can be compare how they were, how they fortunatelv arisen and are trying to expected, Uba ? are and how they tend to be from reverse that mental "twist". To do Uba-The "road that Angels fear present trend. this they are instituting a natural to tred" ; the road that one of our In the past we had our family, and therefore healthy form of edu- sons, Jesus Christ, warned against : parental responsibility and bulldog cation for African children, especial- Those who resort to the sword will tenacity to keep together while we ly of the primary age to reproduce perish by it. It is claimed that "old work, watch and wait for the time young men and women as credit to dogs may not easily be taught new when we can change our environment society. tricks". and thereby our status in line with Da-The African communities re- our liking. Suddenly we discover a However, the youths of the world

spite this, some mysteries developed. AFRICA INVITED BLACK POWER CONFERENCE The school boards and administrators of these communities schools were jailed for their efforts to reverse a prevailing dangerous trend. Can you unravel this mystery, Uba? Uba---Da, we live in an age of secrecy. Those modern forces, often referred to as "Structures", have se- cret plans most of which are smelly and harmful to the rest of mankind. Biit the plans satisfy their depraved ycaruings. The strategists at times begin their action in remote places to avoid detection and mass opposi- tion until they reached their planned position-a fait accompli. Trapped at that point, the mass have no other alternative but to unwillingly go along. The problems in tlx, two experi- mental schools - Oceanhill Browns- Photo: Shows the great road, a link in the Cape to Cairo, which winds its way up ville in Brooklyn and Public School the Rift Escarpment at Chunya in the Southern Highlands Region. The region contains some of the finest mountains and woodlands in , Tanganyika. 901 in Harlem- reflect a technique to force the African communities in- to righteous indignation over infrac- tion of their inalienable rights. The The Black Power 11 ovetm nt, a Urban Army Proposed debacle of "Haryou Act" immediate- the ly preceding was another upsetting kind of renaissance quickened by Al(acg with other leaders o£ sub- tactic. wind of change, field its third annual staiice were l)r. Nathan Wright, Aware of our interest in the Afri- Conference in Philadelphia, Penn- chairman ; 1}r. Nathan Hare, Soci- can homeland and our natural reac- sylvania in September, 1!)t3S. At this Olo-v Prrefessor at Harvard Univer- tion to the attempt at re-occupation conclave over 3,000 representatives sity, dismissed for advocating Afri- by neo-colonialists, the "Structure" cf African-Ainericans from all see- creates conditions envisaged to keep ca, ccnsciousness last year, took ac- our eyes on our centuries of domestic tions of America, it was announced tive part in tile Confen, nee. deceiving hope of that the government of Tanzania troubles with the Among resolutions unanimously change for the better, while they dig- (formerly Tanganyika) in East Af- was the establishment of an in and consolidate their position in rica invited the nest conference to passed "urban arm of black men for defense Africa. that progressive African State. Da-Yes, Via, it can be recalled and aggressive self-defense" to guar- that for years African Nationalists The leader of the movement is the antec :kfrican-Americans' survival. have been active in the communities Karengo, an controversial Mr. Ron The invitation to Tanzania might keeping the people informed of the African born in the United States Homeland affairs. Anticipating a re- in of America, a Cum Laude graduate turn out to be a blessing disguise. action (similar to that which turn They might discover why that Afri- from Los Angeles, California Uni- the LT. N. into a Flanders' Field over can state established a patrol of 500 the Murder of Patrice Lumumba) to versity with masters degree in lan- young men and women to resist what the Europeans provocation in Rho- guages - Swahili, Zulu, Arabic, they considered to be decadent for- desia, "Har-you Act" and other set- French, Spanish. ups were established. And all those t ign fashions, such as "miniskirts", leaders were employed in an attempt Mr. Karengo - dressed in his Af- "wigs," "skin bleaches" and other to silence them. The identical meth- rican clothes, as were the majority incongruous patterns. od was used when they deported of delegates, men and women in Marcus Garvey from the U. S. A. While there too, the leaders of Every leader of his divisions and dashikis, turbans and garments seen Plaek Power might feel what free- energetic personnel were taken in in , , , or dom is like, the security of sons at Kongo --- is 27 years old with three public services. Clever moves, were home and compare it with the prob- they not, Uba ? children, all with African names, and lems encountered by unwanted- Uba-Clever ? That's why we are who plans to cement a "National adcpted sons outside, a rewarding (Continued, on page 13) Black United Front." experience.

AFRICAN OPINION AFRICA SUMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS The Assembly of the Organization of November 22nd, 1967 and calls Namibia" and further call upon the of African Unity (OAU) convened on all African States to press for its international community to render its Fifth Ordinary Session in Al- implimentation. all moral and material assistance di- giers, capital of , September The Council of Ministers, of the rectly through the OAU or to those 13th, 1968 and adopted two reso- Organization of African Unity, meet- who are struggling in Namibia. lutions. ing in its eleventh Ordinary Session in Algiers, Algeria, from the 4th to Territories Under Portuguese The first reaffirming stand taken Domination at the Fourth Session held in Kin- 12th of September, 1968, adopted the shasa, Kongo in September, 1967 on following resolutions : The Ministers noting the reports the fractricidal war in Nigeria. The Council is aware of the grav- of the Administrative Secretary- That Session delegated five mem- ity and importance of the problem General of the Liberation Committee bers-the majority of which believed of refugees in Africa and desirous and of the "Committee of Five" on to be satelites, not by choice but by of achieving an African solution to Angola and recalling the relevent necessity-to go to Nigeria and con- this problem. It recognizes the es- resolution by the Assembly and the duct fraternal palava, calm the tem- sentially humanitarian nature of the Ministers, welcomes the progress pers and bring the belligerents to problem and anxious to adopt meas- achieved by African Nationalists in their senses at the very moment when ures to improve the living conditions their legitimate liberation struggle. a foreign military alliance sealed its of the refugees and to help them lead a normal life, with the assis- It deplores the assistance of all existence at Pretoria, South Africa, kinds which Portuguese receives and begun military operation to take tance of others. And it expresses its gratitude to the specialized agen- from its NATO (North Atlantic control of the heart of Africa. Treaty Organization) allies and from Strangely cies and humanitarian organizations enough the "Consulta- which are extending their generous its economic and financial partners. tive Committee" went to Nigeria and aid to refugees in Africa. Gravely concerned at the threats consulted with the Lagos Government and acts of aggression constantly and ignored the secessionists in Bi- Resolution On Namibia perpetrated (South West Africa) by Portugal against the afra. That strange action increased African States adjacent to the ter- the tension and unfortunately created 1) The Council of Ministers again ritories under its domination, Afri- apprehension among some indepen- strongly reaffirms the right of the cans generally are now convinced dent states that presumably caused people of Namibia to freedom and that Portuguese crimes against Afri- them to give recognition to Biafrans, independence in conformity with the cans cannot be terminated by wish- without malice towards the OAU. Charter of the Organization of Afri- ful thinking. Wiggling in Face of Reality can Unity and the U. N. Charter. The Ministers therefore reaffirm 2) It. pledges again its total and Nevertheless the Assembly, ex- the Africans' rights of self-preserva- unconditional support to the people tion to battle against Portugal's war presses concern over the resulting Namibia in sufferings of their legitimate of genocide being waged on African and appealed to the Bi- struggle. afrans to surrender and restore peace soil in violation of the U. N. Charter. and unity to Nigeria. This having 3) It strongly condemns the South Furthermore, resorting to the use of been accomplished, it recommended African regime for its persistent re- napalm bombs, poison gases and that the Federal State declare a gen- fusal to implement the U. N. resolu- other United Nations' prohibited eral amnesty in co-operation with the tion terminating its mandate over weapons Portugal's fanatical action (OAU) to ensure physical security Namibia and for its continued de- constitutes a threat to international of all until mutual confidence is re- fiance of world public opinion by peace and security. forcing Apartheid on Namibia, un- stored. Extending Provocation Seen The OAU being young and be- der U. N. responsibility. lieved burdened by indirect imperial- 5-6) It calls on the U. N. Security The Council condemns Portugal's ists forces and not yet able to "feder- Council once again to see to it that criminal acts of aggression and prov- alize" or continentalize the waring the U. N. mandate is executed and ocation against African States bor- forces in that state understandingly further demanded Chapter VII of dering foreign occupied territories, is painfully concerned. the Charter be applied. in violation of U. N. resolutions. The second Resolution : after hear- (Chapter VII calls for the use of And it further vigorously condemns ing the case of the "Middle East" ; force ultimately to bring the Euro- NATO for its military assistance and re-affirmed its support for the United pean gangsters to their senses.) request the NATO nations to stop Arab Republic and called for the 7-8) The Ministers call upon all backing Portugal's war of genocide withdrawal of foreign troops from all states dedicated to peace, freedom in Africa. Arab territories occupied since June and the right to live without fear While condemning the unholy al 5, 1967. It backs the United Na- and molestation to co-operate with liance between Portugal and the rac- tion's Security Council Resolution the OAU and the "U. N. Council for (Continued on page 14)

1 2 AFRICAN OPINION (Continued from page 11) Da-Do you think the brainwash- having so much trouble in the world ing brought about the mental "twist" HILL'S TELEVISION today. When people found that they that caused our graduates and nat- ural leaders to remain silent in our SERVICE have been deceived, and their exis- Radio tence stands in jeopardy, trapped dilemma? Aren't they masters in Television - history, psychology, mathematics, all And All Other with their backs to the wall, any- Electrical Appliances thing can be expected. pre-requisite for graduation, and and Repaired place in position to see be- Serviced Da-Can you clarify further the them a Work something must 90% of All "miss-education" and the results - yond the veil? Then Done in Your Home he wrong when we find the majority keeping Africans generally in a "co- 24 Hour Telephone Service lonial status" and cause our college of our professionals with alien wives, 7 Days Per Week by-passing their tribal sisters. What's trainees to become agents to preside Phone: RE 9-5715 over our liquidation 9 going on here, Uba ? 168-02 SAYRES AVENUE Uba - During slavery days we Uba-Yanked away from their in- nate indigenous freedom, they fell JAMAICA, N. Y. were mentally free, despite the W. Hill, Proprietor shackles on our feet. Alien environ- prey to alien retaliation if and when George ment and what it had to offer only they became concerned over our mis- added to our efforts to extricate our- ery and even afraid to lend token Angola, Mozambique sufficient time selves and to return home. With that encouragement to the braves who to digin, consolidate and annihilate mental freedom, leaders like Harriet plunged out for liberation. The our brothers there and strengthen the Tubman, Pastor Nat Turner, Rich- Rhody McCoys, the Reverend Oliv- "Free world", you understand? ard Allen, Samuel Hopkins, Den- ers, the Spencers et all are trying to The mineral wealth of the African mark Vesey, Paul Cuffe, Samuel J. remedy the situation and to repro- continent, the tropical climate with Mills and others could then see the duce responsible leaders who like its four crops per year are the coveted impossibility of any future within Congressman Adam C. Powell, can handsome profit discovered and that the "pale of the whites" and agi- stand like Jews, Irish, Polish and is behind all, our problems in the tated for "separation and return to others even in Congress and ade- Americas. It is military strategy to Africa." They were able to see at quately represent the people who sup- divide an enemy- ; pin-down each part that early stage the coming of the port them without fear or favor. and reduce each simultaneouslv . battle for jobs and directed return Da-In meaningful parades like Da-Uba, at this time we are hear- to their land and avoid wrangle over those of Marcus Garvey, not one of ing some strange names thrown at bread and butter, a minor part of our prominent African - American us here. They call us "negroes", not the present conflict. leaders took part, no unit of African- Africans ; blacks, not Africans ; the Da-TTba, John B. Russwurm, a American police, no African-Ameri- 95% Africans on the continent, college graduate and first editor in can unit from the National Guard Western leaders and press are calling America and Lott Cary, a minister participated. But on "St. Patrick's them "Black-Africans", "Black- advocated repatriation too. All of Dav" we see Irish-Americans from Rhodesians", - leaving of course the those leaders, prior to Emancipation all branches-army, navy and other inference that only the few whites in 1863, rebelled against integration. Government services in line of march in Africa are "The Africans". Is How come our present leaders stand headed by a prominent Irish-Ameri- this a threat, Uba ? aloof in face of our present predica- can, a Postmaster General, etc. On Uba-This is not a threat ; it is ment and continue to allow them- "Columbus Day" the same pattern war, a cold war. The dye is already selves to execute the designs of those prevails with Italian-Americans cast. Remember the declaration that living in luxury at our expense? For headed by perhaps a political leader "Africa is a vacuum, an empty con- example every European in Rhodesia in front. On "Pulaski Day", Polish tinent", "the greatest prize on has "an average of two cars" while leaders and rank and file are promi- Earth?" Do you know what those the African only rags on his back? nently dressed in the garb of the implied? Forget your fatherland and Uba-Imposition of citizenship in mother country. With these pictures you seal your doom. name only was a procedure enacted in evidence, does it not show that a Da-What do you think of a few in 1865 that recaptured the liberated conspiracy is existing against Afri- of our brothers here in America ask- Africans, hampered their return to can-Americans, all things considered, ing for 5 states in the American Africa and kept them as cheap labor Uba? Union for their own rule, calling coupled with the pin-down strategy. Uba-There is no doubt about it. them "black States", Uba ? To ensure that purpose the science The blueprint is there for all to see. Uba-That is only another diver- of brainwashing was applied during And while we waste time moving one sion directed by the profiteers who Reconstruction Days and continued block of alienation, we run into are aware of the oil in the Sahara, to this day. To counteract the brain- greater blocks, one after the other. iron ore in abundance, uranium, etc., washing, the liberated teachers and These stumbling blocks are purposely a well watered continent that they community school administrators erected to keep us barricaded in called "the bread basket of the found themselves ambushed, under dream land to permit the Europeans world." Remember : "What is good fire. in South Africa, South West Africa, for the goose is good for the gander."

AFRICAN OPINION 1 3 (Continued from page, 12) THINGS WORTH NOTING tion Organizations and praise their ist minority regimes in South Africa armed struggle." ALGERIA AFFIRMS SUPORT and Rhodesia, with designs to per- Mahgoub blamed the United States petually occupy the southern part of In a nationwide address marking for contributing to the crisis by Africa, a step to further expansion, the 14th Anniversary of Algeria's opc ning negotiations on the supply the Council of Ministers calls upon uprising against French rule, Al- of Phantom jets to Israel. the Member States of the Organiza- gerian President, Ilouari Boumedi- Reviewing the situation in South tion of African Unity to grant addi- enne said that the only honorable Sudan, the Prime Minister an- tional material assistance to the way for Palestinians to recover their nounced that a ministerial committee Liberation Mov°ment to enable them dignity is to go to the battlefield has been formed to implement new to restore the economy and organize against Israel colonialism. social and economic projects in the the lives of the population of the The President also paid tribute to south. (Arab News & Reviews) liberated areas. Algerian troops stationed along the HEAR STRANGE ACCUSATION It also directs the African repre- Suez Canal in . Black people, of all people, are be- scutatives at the U. N. to push for Severeal foreign and Arab minis- ing called anti-semites. Is this con- mandatory sanctions against those terial delegations arrived in Algiers venient strategy to arouse mob psy- disturbing the peace and tranquility for the three-day celebrations high- chology? Or is it just a fabrication of Africa and appeal for moral and lighted by a military parade. with malice afore thought or the * :x material assistance to those engaged technique of accusing and abusing a in expelling gangsterism from Afri- ARAB STRUGGLE PRAISED fricndly and co-operative people, al- can soil. And finally the Council Speaking at a military parade to ways victimized as a whole for the congratulates the African National- mark the Fourth Anniversary of the sins of a single person here in ists on their continued progress in overthrow of the Sudanese military America? the battle for the liberation of their regime, Sudanese Prime Minister Who are the Semites, in the first occupied areas and calls on them to i1Iohainmed Mahgoub declared that, place? The Arabs claim that they maintain good relations with all "it is now clear there is no peaceful are the Semites and the majority of states of Organization of African schiticrn fo- the iUliddle East crises ." Arabs are black people. To be Anti- Unity and not to fall victims to any I-le reiterated Sudan's support for Semitic therefore is to be anti-black, gesture of the enemy nor his agents. Palestinian military action and add- or anticolored, a strange accusation (Continued in next issue) ed, "I greet all Palestinian Libera- indeed.

(Continued from page 2) formed Council from taking over Namibia. Similarly, colonialism imposed upon them by the oppressors in South Africa's note of 27th September, 1967, addressed Pretoria. to the S- cretary-General reaffirmed South Africa's dis- Council to Administer Without Teeth regard for the decisions of the United Nations and for world public opinion. The argument is often ventilated that one of the "Tongue in Cheek" U. N. Demand Withdrawal essential requirements for political independence should Untbwarted be economic viability-. This argument . . . is not one by South Africa's threats and deter- mined to explore that can be used against Namibia. Namibia is a large peaceful solutions, the Council for Namibia decided on territory of 318,261 square miles with a. pleasant mod- 30th March, 1968, to proceed to the territory erate climate . . . suitable for stock farming and its in fulfillment of its mandate of last year. Once again stock population for 1963 was estimated at 2.5 million South Africa's defiant voice was heard. Denial of for large stock and 5 million for small stock. landing clearance to any plane chartered by When resolution of 27th October, 1966 was adopted the Council and threats of possible aggressive action revoking South Africa's mandate over the territory, against the Council, if it entered Namibia emanated South Africa's spokesman Muller, issued threats from from Pretoria. Thus South Africa repudiated with im- this very rostrum against the United Nations if it punity General Assembly resolution of 16th December, 1967, attempted to take over Namibia. Because of the di- in which the Assembly called upon the Pretoria visive tendencies and self-interest that are so rampant authorities "to withdraw from the, territory of Namibia in the composition of the United Nations, our response unconditionally and without delay all its military and to South Africa's defiance was far from being decisive police forces and its administration . . . . ." let alone categorical. The resolution further declared that : - ". . . . the Unshaken by Pretoria's obstinacy, the fifth special continued presence of South African authorities in session adopted resolution May 19th, 1967, which set Namibia is a flagrant violation of its territorial in- up the eleven Member United Nations Council for tegrity and international status as determined by Namibia with clear terms to administer the territory General Assembly resolution . This big question must until independence. Once again the spokesman of the be asked : Why does South Africa flout the decisions apartheid regime mounted this rostrum and defiantly of this organizaion with impunity? stated in clear terms that his Government would use NATO Supports South Africa whatever -means were necessary to prevent the newly My delegation strongly believes that without the

1 4 AFRICAN OPINION

massive support - moral, political, financial and so-called Parliament met on 17th October, 1968. military - which Pretoria receives from its allies of The latest measure in the extension of apartheid in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, South Africa, Namibia zvas to force 8,000 inhabitants of the old already an international outcast, would not defy the location in Windhoek, Capital of the territory to move ever growing African resistance, world opinion and from their homes to a new township of Katutura . decisions of this organization . South Africa's military After a nine year resistance, nearly all these defence- expenditure increased from $62 million in 1960 to $409 less people were forced out last September, although million in 1968. it was acknowledged that Katutura did not have ade- I must stress, however, that these figures derived quate housing for them. from official South African sources do not include Many of these people had to seek refuge in im- spending on the police. These are the startling figures poverished rural reserves. Each continuing step to- spent, by the Pretoria regime with the blessings of their ward destruction of Namibia and its incorporation into NATO allies to commit indescribable acts of genocide South Africa--trials, appeals, dispossession, fragmen- against the people of Namibia. The Western Powers tation into "Native Nations" must surely arouse the must be singled out for censure and condemnation for attention of the great Powers who have to date refused aiding and abetting South African racists. even to serve on, the Council for Namibia. The famous terrorism trial evoked world attention The Triple Alliance Consolidated and condemnation from the United Nations, churches, emminent jurists, and editorial columus all over the Apartheid has found its allies in the colonial policies world. This was because it was the first mass indict- of Portugal and Britain. The Lisbon-Pretoria-Salisbury ment of 31 Namibian nationals following the termina- axis has been consolidated to give new props to the tion of South Africa's mandate by the United Nations, South African Government and to strengthen the basis and the United Nations assumption of responsibility of the minority regimes in Rhodesia, Angola, and' for Namibia. Mozambique. Jungle Law Is Pretoria's With this strength, massive campaigns of psycho- It was condemned also because the Terrorism Act logical warfare have been mounted with full force- was ex post facto legislation especially enacted by the particularly in Western Capitals, not only to defend South African Parliament to apply to Namibia. It is apartheid, but to undermine the efforts of all men of- probable that only the pressure world good-will the world over who are trying to bring about of opinion saved a lasting solution for all human beings in some of the defendants from the death chambers, and just and yet the sentences that area. were severe. An unknown number The spectre of a racial conflict on a global scale and of Namibians have been detained under the Terrorism _ the consequences for the world cannot but be frighten- Act. Apartheid The legal question is phrased as to whether or not ing to all peace loving nations. as applied the Supreme Court in Pretoria has "jurisdiction to in Namibia and South Africa is thus a dangerous- inquire into or pronounce upon the validity of Terror- rationalisation of an instrument protectionist in pur- ism Act in so far as they purport to apply to the pose, but defeatist in fact and destructive in the final mandated territory result. of Namibia". We Await Security Council's Answer As is well known, the Security Council condemned the Terrorism Trial on 14th March, 1968 in the fol- Lastly, I appeal to all the major trading partners lowing terms :- of South Africa, to discontinue their present policies humane posture towards the ". . . . the continued detention and trial and and to assume a more people of Namibia. Zambia is irrevocably committed subsequent sentencing of the Namibians con- liberation of Namibia: stitutes an illegal act and flagrant violation to the total and unconditional of Human Rights, and the international IVe shall continue to sustain the struggle of the people of territory now of Namibia until final victory is achieved. No amount status the under direct of file power will stop the determined people of- United Nations control." Namibia from attaining their independence. As yet the Security Council has not dealt responsibly We call upon the Security Council to take firm and with the whole question of application of the General unrelenting measures to ensure South Africa's expul- Assembly resolution of 1966 which established the sion from Namibia. A player's .refusal to abide by the- United Nations as the administering Power in rules of the game cannot be condoned. The sooner such Namibia. In the absence of such effective action South measures are adopted the better for humanity as a Africa continues to deepen her control over the whole. Further delays and procrastination can and will territory. only add fuel to the already explosive situation. While Africa Protests, Gangsters Act This organization cannot and should not allow in- The "Development of Self-Government for Native nocent citizens of Namibia to suffer at the hands of a Nations in South West Africa Bill" was enacted by few Power hungry racists. My country has played the Parliament of South Africa on 6th June, 1968. and will actively continue to play its role, both within The so-called "Native Nations" are bantustans, frag- the framework of the Organization of African Unity menting the country. The first of these, Ovamboland and that of the United Nations until Namibia is free in the North has already been established, and its and independent.

AFRICAN OPINION 157 THE M/V LAKE BOSOMTWE ON HER MAIDEN VOYAGE TO THE PORT OF NEW YORK I OWNED BY: BLACK STAR LINE LTD. I I f

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I AFRICA'S GIFT TO AMERICA FROM SUPERMAN TO MAN ! By J. A. Rogers ...... 7.00 By J. A . Rogers ...... 2.50 I I CHALLENGE OF THE CONGO ANCIENT TIMES-A History of the Early World i By Kwatne Nkrumah ...... 7.50 B y James Henry Breasted, Ph.D., L.L.D...... 7 .00 GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER By Ruckham Holt ...... 4.00 Payment In Advance UP FROM SLAVERY AFRICAN PICTURE & INFORMATION SERVICE By Booker T. Washington ...... 4.50 S West 117th Street New York, N. Y. 10026 I African Opinion

X341 S . ~CJRc;HE~~~F . . c~~c~s~, ~~un~~s ~~~~ 49350 BACK TO AFRICA QUEST BEFORE CON6RESS

SOUTN WEST AFRICANS FACE EXTINCTION

By PETER KATJAYIVI

By DA & UBA May-June, 1989 What does gun on campus reveal? BACK TO AFRICA QUEST IN CONGRESS At the request of "African-Amer- from farces in Chicago, California comparison to reparation paid to the ican Repatriation Association'', a and i~Tew Fork for the same purpose Philippines far minor damages dur- Philadelphia b a s e d Organization, are all reported to have united be- ing World War II. Representative Robert N. C. Nix, hind the one bill introduced by 1\Ir. Unfinished Business of an African-1~merican submitted "Bill Nix. Long Standing H R 896" in Congress. The Bill re- The request for Government assis- quests the enactment of legislation tance is but a token compensation, The present move is the extension that will provide assistance to those better known Reparation for of a chain of efforts on the part of aver these people to return to the land of citizens of African descent who de- 300 years of slave labor and damages sire to move to Africa to live. their origin. It began a wav back done, to the African nationals in the in 1619 when Other representations to Congress United States. It is a fraction in the. "Good Ship ~Jesns" dropped them off at Jamestawn, ~'ir- ginia. And the wisdom of returning

I them was before the American peo-~ ple since Thomas I Jefferson to the present. I Under President James 1flonroe I however an opening was made that I PAN AFRICAN STUDENTS culminated in the establishment of I Liberia but was pramptly terminated far motives revealed to have been ORGANIZATION IN THE AMERICAS, ulterior in nature. As a result of I the stoppage, frustration and dissatis- I faction developed and continued, and

! have been plaglzing America since 1 then. SUMMER CHARTER to EAST and WEST AFRICA - Round Trip $430 1 - To pacify and to contain the Afri- Leaves New York August 4th returns September 2nd, 1969 cans' demands many strange and awkward suggestions were made. VISIT NIGERIA, WHERE OLD AND NEW MIX Same would have sent the Africans ! to Haiti, to Central America, to ! CHARTER SPONSORED BY THE NIGERIAN STUDENTS UNION IN THE Alaska, the Indies and every other AMERICAS, INC Leaves place under the. sun except to Africa, . August 6th - Returns September 6, 1969. the land from which they were taken $430 Round Trip. ! and the land to which they have been ! battling to return, a strange paradox ! and provocative at that. ! Bills Submitted and Shelved Two Bills identical in nature an

! of the "Universal African National- I ist Movement" of New York and was ~R~~o~n~o~o~o~~o~a~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~o~o~y (Continued on page 6) 2 AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINION Journal of AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th Independent Thoughts and Expression Established 1963 by Vul. 9 MAY-JUNE, 1969 Nos. I & 2 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Jas. L. Brown ...... Editor and Manager ti~ Victor G. Cohen ...... Associate Editor H. Cumberbatch ...... Associate Editor The Black Man's Gladys P. Graham (Famata) ...... Woman's Editor HOLIDAY

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE May 25th of Each Year Portrait On Caver ...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =4 THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN Pack To Africa Quest In Congress ...... 2 NATIONAL DAY Letters ...... a We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of Mboya Shown "Like It Is" African descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal, Py James T.eopald ...... 5 etc., for Mutual 'Observance of: What Does Gun On Campus Reveal ? P,y 1)a ~ Uba ...... 7 May 25th - All African ' Day South West Arfieans Faco Extinction Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loudl Py Peter Katjavivi ...... U N I A & African Communities Leagwe Inc . Africa Summit Conference Reports ...... 10 Ethiopian World Federation, Society of African Descendants, Inc. For The Sake Of Thase That Come ...... 14 Our Families Protection Association, Inc. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Items of General Interest ...... 15 African-American Teachers Association Harlem Labor Union AFRICAN OPINION Published bi-monthly by African Picture & Information Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026. Jas. L. Brown, President and Secretary . Notice : On account of re-organization of the business Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied by return self-addressed, stamped envelope. management, no issue was published since the January- SUBSCRIPTION RATES : 1 Year $1.50 - Single Copy 25 cents February number. This does not affect the number Make all remittances payable to : subscription. AFRICAN PICTURE do INFORMATION SERVICE of copies due on the yearly

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u ii NO BETTER PLACE IN THE WORLD TO SAYE! z: z: ri :: CARVER FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION

Main Office Chelsea Office Brooklyn Office STREET 75 WEST 125th STREET 261 8th AVENUE 1273 FULTON N (Near Lenox Avenue) (Corner 23rd Street) (Near Nostrand Avenue) NEW YORK 27, N. Y. NEW YORK I I, N. Y. BROOKLYN I b, N. Y. TRafalgar b-4747 YU 9-4000 ULster 7-5515 N N MAIN OFFICE OPEN : MONDAY TO THURSDAY, 9 A.M . TO 3 P.M. u FRIDAY, 9 A.M . to 8 P.M . WALK-UP WINDOW ON 125th OPEN 3 P.M . to 7 P.M . S: BROOKLYN OFFICE OPEN : 8:30 A.M . TO 5 P.M . - FRIDAY ; 8;30 A.M. TO 8 P.M . ?? N2: "Where Personal Pride and Community Interests Meet" N :222222:::2222222:22222:22:2:::::: .:::: ::Z:ZSZ::::»2:"N::::2MN~2~~~N2" ::"~~NN~~::NNN~~NNNN:":N::NN"NN::NNNNNN:NN""N~N:N:N AFRICAN OPINION 3 African World Wide Survey LETTERS ALL-AFRICAN CULTURAL THE COVER PORTRAIT Dear Sir : FESTIVAL I have read only one copy of the Schedule for Jnly, 196J African Opinion and was deeply im- pressed. The "Organization of African If possible, I would like very much Unity First All-African Cultural to become a regular subscriber. Festival" is scheduled to begin nn July 21, to August 1, 196Q at Al- J. Brown giers, Algeria. Chicago, Ill. The festival will concern itself Dear Mr. Editor : with African Drama, traditional anal modern, African music, dance, tr~th-- Please send me a year subscription tional performances, slang with eY- to the African Opinion. Yott have hibitians of works of art and sctalp- a very good magazine ; it is the anl~~ pc;et readings, Africans Afi~i.- tnres, written works, bridge between and etc., and performances by invited can-Americans on the level of com- artists. munication. Sincerely yours, Only African works will be elib Picture above, a scene in Jerusalem, the M. Jones ible far entry in each of the cultural Holy Land, ~at which Mrs. Samad "dis- Chicago, Ill. sections. covered the real and not the Europeon- ized Madonna and the Child as she had Dear Sir Booklets for details an the Festival been accustomed seeing all her life." find my may be secured from the "Organiza- Please enclosed gayment tion of African Unity", 211 East for African Opinion, annual sub- 43rd Street, New Yark City. Shows Mrs. Marianne Samad, a scription ($1.50). I always enjoyed school teacher and also the directress your magazine very much. I hope Since the Festival is an All-Afri- of the "Sankore Nubian Cultural you always remain cooperative. can project it goes without saying Work Shop, Inc." at 2140 Madison Sincerely, it will be opened to all Africans re- Avenue, New York City. A. Amyach gardless of place of birth, and enrich Georgia, U. S. A. the event with their numerous talents. Mrs. Samad has just returned from a tour, stopping at such places as Senegal, Ghana, Liberia, in Af- rica, Jerusalem (The Holy Land), Greece, Rome, Paris and back to the Best Wishes United States. The Entire Membership and Officers VO~hile in Liberia, her father flew from to meet his daugh- of the ter whom he had not seen for over 32 years. It was a pleasant reunion JAMAICAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION of father and daughter. In Jerusa- lem, she is seen pointing to the INC. "Original Madonna and Child". 141 WEST 119th STREET NEW YORK, N. Y. 10026 She reported that Africa is a beautiful place, the place that her - On Liberation Day, May 25th - renowned, patriotic and devoted mother, Mrs. Alice Allman, labored Wish Our Bro+hers and Sisters in Africa the very Bes+ of Co-opera+ion tirelessly to liberate while Secretary and Par+ioipa+ion in Their Progress throughout the Coming Years. of the "Universal African National- A. SAMUEL RASHFORD, Presiden+ ist Movement." MRS. MINNETTE STEWART, Vice-Presiden+ Mrs. Samad, like her mother has MISS LETTIE BONITTO, Secretary vowed to enlighten the rest of her kinsmen and the world as to the con- tribution Africans made to the rest d of mankind. AFRICAN OPINION Mbora Shown "Like It "s" Tom Mboya, a minister in the By James Leopold farts to help himself, she was dunned Kenya Government was presumably down in the pulpit by person un- dragged into the African Community known. of Harlem, New Yark City, to an- These incidents of course are re- nounce the scheme that his abductors grettable on the grounds that since were unable to put aver themselves. Tahn Gunther described Africa as Appearing recently at the Sham- the "Greatest Prize on Earth." It is burg Collection of the Public Li- consequently surrounded and kept in brary, the only institution in Harlem darkness to permit imperialists en- genuine substance, housing mate- trenchment. The trigger man un- of doubtedly was not in a frame of rial reflecting the works of Africans over, Mr. 1~Iboya was rude- mind ar unable to rationalize the sit- the world uation, ly but fortunately brought to his with the eloquence of the im- told a packed audi- perialist agent and therefore acted. senses when he Indications shown Afri- ence of brothers and sisters a kind have that of fiction that only a pharoah may" cans abroad, with their backs to the able to interpret. wall, nevertheless possess a genuine be feeling of brotherhood for these The disappointed and infuriated similarly situated at home. And they brothers here who were not already" became irritated aver those who they killed or jailed for promoting Afri- Tom Mboya of Kenya thought should know better comply- can Liberation taught the farmer ing with the common enemy by mak- promising brother a lesson, it is ing statements detrimental to both. hoped, he might never forget. Since then it now comes to light a colony of whites exists in genya, When the messengers of others or It all started when the African prisoners of war come and tell the brother startled his joyful sisters and along with those in Rhodesia, South Africa, South West Africa, Angola, well prepared brothers not to come brothers by repeating the familiar and help them battle for their life, stereotypes of the neo-calanists that i~Tazambique and Asmara in Ethio- pia, back door returning entrances. something is definitely wrong, and ef- "they must not run away to Africa ; forts for mutual preservation should for their they should stay and fight Africanization Opposed be vigorously increased and pursued. rights." Recently a statesman member of Pandemonium Broke Loose the Kenya Parliament introduced a As if by magic or mystery the measure to legally grant African pleasant mood was suddenly and be- Citizenship to Africans abroad, those FALASHA ligerently reversed. It was like flash- residing in the United States and the ing a red flag before the eyes of a Caribbean. That step ran into oppo- AFRIKAN bull. Pandemonium broke loose and sition, although a healthy step for HUT Mboya was rescued only by a regi- an under-developed continent. ment of policemen quickly rushed to Nat long after a parallel paradox Selling the scene. occurred. The Government of Guy- DRUMS The African World looked with ana called on all Guyanese who are BAGS great hope when Mr. Mboya, then American citizens and residing in the aged 26, came into prominence as United States of America, to vote in CARVINGS chairman of "The All-African Peo- her last Guyana national election, ples Conference" called in Accra, and it is reported many did. JEWELRY Ghana by the outstanding statesman, At the height of Marcus Garvey's President Kwame Nkrumah in 1958. AFRIKAN ATTIRE and CLOTHES While visiting the United States African Redemption Movement, and in 1959 Mr. Mboya among other the establishment of the "Black Star BOOKS things made the following important Line Shipping Company", a part of Everything from Africa statement the industrial set-up, a "Princess "Another point I ynust stress," he Koffi" was similarly brought in from 1156 FULTON STREET "Black-Americans have been- West Africa to oppose the shipping said, N. Y. told they are not wanted in Africa. venture. BROOKLYN, This is deliberate erroneous props- Exposure Brings Enlightenment (Near Franklyn Ave.) ganda. You may came home when- Phone : 783-8771 ever you like; Africa is yo~cr heri- The "Princess" gained entrance to tage. You are wanted and needed," a church in a Southern State and he added. while castigating the black man's ef- AFRICAN OPINION 5

(G'ontinzced from page 2) those who seek self-determination in other parts of the world. known as the "Greater Liberia Bill". Like the "Bilboe Bill", the "Longer Accustomed Opposition Appearing Bill" too went the way of the flesh Already, before the bill comes np to the disappointment and irritations far consideration, a part of the Press of millions who sought the inalien- begins to question the wisdom of the able right of self-determination !-o lslack man's moves. The decision here peacefully return to the land from is an indigenous matter and as sncis which they were removed in chains. is not open to question, since the "white man's burden" is said to be Now Comes the Nix Bill dead and buried. And now, "again and again and As the proceedissg developed, it is again", comes the "Vix Bill-H TL expected that those picl:ed leaders 8965" embodying in essence the same with no indigenous mass following, purpose as the previous two. It will as usual be instructed to oppose tames at a time when a chronic j ok~- the move. less population existed, created by au the steps to efficient automation. It comes at a The promoters of change their present domicile i n time of burdensome taxation and an suited and search of a way of life better increasing population of pour likings, request every hunger. to their own one to support the Bill H R 896~i Photo : Mr. Mustafa Hashim, President And not only that, but it comes by writing to their respective Con- of the "African-American Repatriation Senators, requesting during the shrewd building up of a Association." gressmen and "white backlash", not without calcu- them to support the Bill, not for latcd intention. The aftermath there- themselves but for you. tion of the Indians, the atomic bomb- fore, in those troublesome times, African-American Repatria- should compel the Congress to view ing of J apan along with the reported The 5119 Chestnut Street, the logic of this new Bill. killings in Vietnam, to insure self- tion Assn. at : determinatian of South Vietnam, Philadelphia, Pa. 19139. Telephone America with two outstanding and ought not to close her eyes and ears GR 4-5200, request concerned per- unfortunate records-the exterminss- to the centuries of appeals to assist sons to keep in touch.

1+~v~w~w~wiEV~w~~ - . . - . . . - . . ~ ~ . . ~w~w~w~w~w~w!Ev.~

Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on a massive Educational Development Program. Shortage in trained manpower is due to restricted educational policies of the former colonial administration . The Ministry of Education now invites concerned Teachers from outside, of all levels and in all fields from primary to teacher training, technical training, etc. Larger in area than France, Czechoslovakia and Denmark combined with four million people, Zambia pays the highest salaries in Africa. Tropical, Pleasant Climate. Zambia opens the door for Concerned men and women, even with limited qualifications, to a happy valley among anxious youths. For booklet on : Teaching and Living in Zambia C Apply to : Educational Attache C Zambian Embassy 1875 Connecticut Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. (This spare supplied by African Picture Fs Information Service)

AFRICAN OPINION

What Does Gun On Campus Reveal By DA & UBA Da-Uba, a lot of strange and un- ~IIIIIli111[~I~IIIIII~iI1lI» believable things are seen and heard REMEMBER THE FREEDOM nor today, things that do not look GREETINGS sound real but tern out to be true. FIGHTERS AFRICAN LIBERATION It is revealed that college stndents IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE, ON unite themselves into "Students For MAY 25th a Democratic Society" and into other RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA groupings and are disrupting the from standards of long standing . democracy and practicing democracy ~~'hat da vau make ant of all the Futtam do rat add up and they move to do confusion ort~ the university campuses something abort it, to serve a better throughout the land ? Religious Store life. The. fact that many members Uba - Da, before a student ad- of the faculty, are giving aid and STREET higher learn- 141 WEST 116th mitted to the school of comfort to the students, indicates ground CITY ing, he or she must have a something is wrong and those stu- NEW YORK knowledge of the arts and sciences dents na doubt have discovered it. from the elementary, immediate, and 111111fIIIIIIIIIIICIIIIIIl11~fI111 higlx schools. The university thc-u Da-It is said that in Czarist Rus- breaks apart, go into details of all sia every college graduate was as- The general dissatisfaction on the the formulas and other symbols and signed two policemen to guard him. part. of African students might stem show their relations to other things Naw, in these days with adding, cal- from the belief that they have been and help the stndents to go .from culating and other technical ma- the most Law abiding in the Unitevl there. chines operating, do yon think it States. And since the law prohibits lot In other words, as the upcoming makes good sense to produce a "Separate but equal" training insti- heads fall leaders of Soeietv, the college arms of college graduates with tutions, they corxclude "integration'' them with what ~is known and free of knowledge, Uba ? is a method to maintain the states thorn to co~ntintte things as they are Uba-At a time like this when are qua. That is, to only learn of thr Greece. or change them to insure another way man can turn a switch, or push a "Free World" beginning with will of life that tends to insure security button and set the world on fire, I In this way the African's roots and happiness of mankind. "wonder as a I wands" . be left hanging in the heavens, per- haps, you see ? Da-T3ut Uba, the "Students far Du-We notice African Students, a Democratic Society" (SDS) is in citizens of the United States, are re- Uba-In the past we had "separ- rebellion. What da they mean by belling too. They are demanding ate" schools but they were subsidized calling themselves a "Democratic So- African Culture, African studies, and only preferred courses were al- ciety" when they live in a Democracy with African instructors and African lowed. But the wind of change as in existence for centuries ? language be offered in the schools, calculated would prevent withholding appropriation to "Separate" schools Uba-Well, the possibility is, they since the power structure instigated might have discovered that preaching a program of integration. (Contnued on page 12)

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AFRICAN OPINION 7 SOYTH WEST Fate Extinction Note : The following article is re- By PETER KATJAVIVI tration and Development and Bantu produced from the "Colonial Free- li;ducation." dom News"-London, England. bans," each "Nation" as an auton- According to the Windhoek Ad- omous unit. vertiser of October 3, `The Legisla- The "Self-government for Native tive Council will be representative of Nations in South West Africa Act" On October 17, 1968, the first of all the seven regions of Ovamboland. was enacted at the end of the last these "Native Nations" will came in- Each of the seven regional Tribal session in the South African Parlia- to being. The Legislative Council for Authorities is entitled to designate ment. According to this act, Nami- Ovamboland Bantu area will be not more than six members, as was bia (South West Africa) is going to opened in Oshakati by Mr. M. C. the case when the Transkei was be divided up into six so-called "Na- Botha, Minister of "Bantu Adminis- granted self-government. 'fhe Government of the Republic IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII will second a number of civil servants to assist in the administration of the COURTESY IS OUR POLICY various departments of Ovamboland under self-government. These officials will be designated Directors. Club Le Douze Inc. One of the Directors, Mr. F. A. .1. Announces Its ,Schedule of Tours and Entertainment De Preez of the Department of Bantu Administration and Develop- Our Annual Fathers' Day Excursion - Sunday, June 15, 1969 - to Bear Mountain on the beautiful S. S. Bay Belle. Music by Tom Shade and ment, will act as co-ordinating officer his Cosmopolitan Orchestra, featuring Ellie Mannette Steel Band, Latin and far the Departments of Finance, Calypso music and the Frank Blaize Versatiles Band. Round trip $5.00. Economic Affairs, Justice, Commun- Children under 12, $2.50. Boat leaves Battery Park 8:45 a.m. ity Affairs, Agriculture and 'forks * * =x and Education.' Bus Excursion to Peg Leg Bates Country Club, Sunday, July bth, 1969. Tn other wards, the same person- Buses leave I Ith St. & 7th Ave., N. Y. 8 a.m. Transportation incl. tax $7.50. nel, representatives of the Santh Af- Children under 12, $4.00. rican regime, will continue to rule :x -only their positions have changed Labor Day Excursion and Pilgrimage names. The South African Bantustan pol- TO MONTREAL AND OTTAWA, CANADA icy-of which this is an example-- Buses leave Illth Street at 7th Ave., New York City, Friday Night, is based on the fallacy that cultur.el August 29th, 1969 at 10 p.m. You and your friends are invited to enjoy and linguistic differences between the holiday weekend with us. Buses return from Canada Monday night, population groups prevent co-opera- September 1st, 1969 ap roximately II p.m. Transportation incl. tax and tion and ccmmunal feelings. On the Hotel Accommodations, 62.50. Children under 12 years, $49.95. Indentifi- basis of this idea, South Africa re- cation papers for return to U.S. are required. Further information contact Mr. gards herself justified in dividing up Rupert Smith, phone MO 3-8177. the areas where the indigenous pol,- ulation live, into small autonomous Bus Excursion to Danbury Fair, Conn. Sunday, October 12th, 1969. Buses `Bantustans' which have minimal leave I I Ith Street at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8:30 a.m. Transportation incl. tax contact with each other. $7.50. Children under 12, $4.50. SWAPO (South West Africa Peo- :x ples Organization) has all along Pilgrimage to Graymoor Garrison, N. Y., Sunday, October 26th, 1969. strongly opposed the South African Buses leave I I Ith St. at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8 :30 a .m. and leave Graymoor Bantustan policy. We argue that in at 4:30 p.m. Fare $4.00. Namibia, where the various popula- ti~n groups live scattered, this policy Club Le Douze Inc. invites you to join its extraordinary 17-day is undoubtedly a deliberate move to Carnival Calypso Excursion destroy the unity of our people. We also regard it as an exercise in eye- to Trinidad and Tobago, W. I. including the 2-day Carnival, February 8th & wash and blatant hypocrisy, intended 9th, 1970 in the sunny capital, Port of Spain. Under the personal guidance to foal the outside world. of Mr. Rupert Smith, Tour Director . Have Breakfast in New York and lunch of the Self- in Port of Spain. BWIA Sun Jet to and from Trinidad - $209.00. The implementation Government for "Native Nations in If any other information wanted, please Phone MO 3-8177 South West Africa Act" has many implications . One can see that the exercise is bound to lead to great AFRICAN OPINION On AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th SEE AFRICA THIS SUMMER We Repeat Africa For The Africans, NIGERIA AIRWAYS Those at Home and Those Abroad Will take you to Dakar, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria

Let our "Natural, Spiritual and Political Limit be God and East Africa and Africa at Home and Abroad" - Garvey -Call- One God, One Aim, One Destiny

Parent Body Nigeria Airways UNIA & African Communities 565 FIFTH AVENUE League NEW YORK CITY 1609 Columbus Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. Telephone 212 OX 7-3875

fl~fl~fl~ll~fl~ll~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII sufering on the part of the people and ignores the general development law, of ay ultra-national charters of Namibia. All the Bantustans will of modern society. functioning today. We want to draw be situated in poor areas without any Thus, people in a `Native Nation' attention to this and ask you to do natural resources worth developing. will end up as backward, ignorant ,your utmost to counteract and con- This in turn means that they will and unable to tackle the problems of demn this pernicious policy practiced continue to be utterly dependent up- modern society-exactly what is in- in our country. on South Africa for economic assis- tended by the South African regime. We also ask you to urge your tance. Furthermore, the areas which The regime thus gets its justifica- government to support an urgent de- are left white minority are rich to the tion for continued averlordship - bate in the United Nations General in natural resources ; consequently, `these people are not yet ready for Assembly, and to back any resolution the exploitation of these areas will independence' - a phrase too often leading to practical action. directly benefit the white population, heard from representatives of the Africa must be forced to and only go to the inhabitants of the South white supremacists in Southern Af- illegal administration of Bantustans as `economic assistance' give up her rica. means at the disposal which, one can envisage, will be Namibia by all The bantustan policy is a of the United Nations, including the given with a patronizing hand by viola- tion of human rights, use of force. the South African regime. of international As each bantustan is going to con- tain people belonging to one popula- tion group only, one can foresee ex- tensive forced moves of people from one area to the next. Many families MR. AND MRS. ABDUL & MARIANNE SAMAD will have to pull up their roots from the place where they may have lived and the for generations, and go to an area to which they have no ties whatso- WONDERFUL YOUNG PEOPLE ever. Many families may also face finan- of the cial difficulties, difficulties in adjust- ing to the new situation in which Sarkore-Nubian Cultural Workshop, Inc. they find themselves ; in short, they face stresses and strains which may 2140 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 10037 easily lead to a breakup of the family unit. Wish to Extend Another facet to the South African Our Sincere Greetings to Our Motherland bantustan policy is that it keeps peo- ple without contact with the outside AFRICA world. Their educational system pur- And to let Her Know we have never lost Faith. ports this isolation, as it emphasises the uniqueness of customs and tradi- tions of particular population groups, AFRICAN OPINION 9 AFRICA SVMMIT CON FERENCE REPORTS Continued From 1'reviatts Issue - all the relevant resolutions of the "OPOanrzarrow or - Ar+RrcA~ 17NrTY" and the [7.N. on Rhodesia besides NOTE those of the Security Council, imposing mandatorti- Tlee Assembly of the ORG}ANrZATION OF AFRCCAN sanetians against Rhodesia, without result. LTvr"rY composed th,e presidents of Africa's states, 41 Ivhadesia's reluctance backed by neocolonialists to to date. acquiesce to peaceful requests, forced the leaders of floe COC?NCIT . Or llr~rsTErzs of flee states. The Africa to become seriously concerned. They look with Council sets flee blue print ofactions to be taken. apprehension especially over the continued grave and Z'lee follaze~i.ng are items concluded in the Fifth Ses- dangerous situation, particularly the systematic cam- sion in Algiers, Capital of Algeria, North Africa, Sep- paign of terror, acts of genocide and political murder tember 19G8. carried out by the rebel minority regime against the African people with immunity. The Council of Ministers of the OILGANrZATIO~T or ArttrcnN UNITY, meeting in its 11th Ordinary Session Patience Approaching Exhaustion in Algeria, 1JB8, reaffirmed the inalienable rights of At this time and lacking the atomic bomb, the anly all people and territories of Africa to freedom and thing the prattlers of democracy respect, the Council independence. Thev notice strangely however that the reaffirmed that the situation in Rhodesia constitutes "Comoro Islands" ~ (in S. E. Africa, in Mozambique a serious threat to international peace and security. channel N. E. of 1\Iadagaska) are not on the list of It strongly reffirmed again and again the right of the colonial territories under the terms of the LT.N. declara- people of (Rhodesia) to freedom on the basis tion granting independence to colonial territories and of majority rule, and the right to fight for national peoples. liberation . For those rights, two world wars were That being the case, the Council called up the French waged and the base upon which the I7.N. was built. Government to take immediate measures to enable the Condemning the genocidal acts as crime against hu- people of the "(7omoro Islands" to exercise their right manity, the statesmen called upon England again and to self-detf~rrnination and independence. It also directed again to topple the gangster minority rule by force of African group at the I7.N. to press far the inclusion arms as she did in "Guiana" and in4 little "Anguilla." of those islands on the list of none-self-governing areas. Foreign Settlers Warned And to make clear the position of Africa of complete "liberation of every inch" of African territories the They further condemned the non-African regime in Ministers ask the Secretary-General to put. the demands South Africa for sending troops to fight the 7.ambians of the OAU before the U.N. Decolonization Committee in their own land and told the European settlers to to place the Comoro Islands on the list. withdraw their mercenaries. It is presumed and hope- fully so that the Africans' peaceful and friendly pro- Resolution on Rhodesia testatians might be remembered when self-preservation The Canned of Ministers noted the reports of the; compelled them to resort to prevailing means, when Administrative Secretary-General, the committee of five reason falls an deaf ears. an Rhodesia as well as the report of the foreign min- It might be good for all concerned, if those settlers isters of Algeria, Senegal and Zambia and recalling and their backers, to bear in mind the warning of the

NOW ON THE RECORD AID AFRICA NOW The Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice Committee, Inc. of 2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St.) New York, N. Y. 10027 MARCUS GARVEY Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam- the world In your own home you can now hear bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . . before . by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS Neighboring States. that shook the world for only $1 .50 - by mail $2.25. Please make donations to the above Committee Payment in Advance and mail to: P.O. Box 126 New York, N. Y. 14027 VANGUARD LOCALS UNIA R ACL All Funds will be sent through the 2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St.) Organization of African Unity New York, N. Y. 10027

10 AFRICAN OPINION

[(~If~(Illlillllilll~lil111

We Endorse O A U May 25th Ethiopian Wisdom House of Judah - AFRICA DAY - Salute ( I ) Become An African Nationalist (2) Support Marcus Garvey Day - August 17th AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th (3) Support Carlos Cooks Day - June 23rd (4) Support Repatriation Bill H R 8965 Offers Weekly Movies African Nationalist Pioneer on Movement AFRICA AND AFRICAN COMMUNITIES at 276 West 141 st $t. New York, N. Y. 31 WEST 125th STREET Cooks, Founder Carlos A. NEW YORK, N. Y. Charles Peaker, Administrator

~~! pIIIIIIl01kIIl Saudi Arabian Representative at U.N. in 1966 that : AN1) AF1vIC'AN NA2IONAI. CONGI1FSS) 111 cl'eatlng $ "Any colonial power which consistently does not al- united front. And since a state of war exists in Rho- low the oppressed people to enjoy the right of sel.f- desia, it demands that freedom fighters if captured Le determinatian forfeits its right to be a member of the treated as prisoners of war, under Ked Cross con- U.N. South Africa has closed its ears to the United vention. Nations' appeals for nearly 20 years. The Governments of Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya If the stat2~s quo is preserved, a racial conflict will have been requested to use their good offices with those flare up. A racial revolution not only may bring about movements and farther instructed Africans at the U.N. th.e end of South Africa, as a state but 7nay endanger to force England to get rid of the foreign importers' the life of any European white man who sets foot on regime in Rhodesia and cautioned Portugal against Africa and e-uentleally-who knows or, Asian soil. supporting Rhodesia. the are approaching the eleventh hour, amt we should Co-ordinating Committee for the not wait until a racial conflagration spreads all over Liberation Africa, leaving nothing behind it but ashes and dee1~ o-f Africa white and black, re- sorrow for multitudinous victims, Noting with satisfaction the progress of African color of their skin. gardless of their ethnic origin, or the Nationalist troops and the "Committee far the Libera- Financial and Material Aid Urgent tion of Africa," the Council congratulated the forces The Council called upon all states and all Africans operating in Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Angola to provide more financial and material assistance far in their progress. intensifying the struggle inside Zimbabwe and to ren- The Council called on all presidents of African der all moral and material assistance to them in the States to increase their allotment and bolster the effi- war of liberation . It further coYlgratlllated the (ZAPU ciency of the troops in the field. and the ANC (ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLES UNION, (Continued on page 13)

Slogan : °`TRUTH AND CHARITY" OUR FAMILIES PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, INC. Sponsors Organized Bodies: Our School of Business Thought and Practice STANDING COMMITTEES: Sick - Planning - Working - Recreational EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: African Movies - Lectures - Discussions ECONOMICAL VENTURES : An Emergency Saving Fund - Loans SOCIAL ACTIVITIES : Weekly Parties - Bus Outings, Etc. WELCOME! to Our Recreational Hall or HEADQUARTERS 31 West 125th Street New York, N. Y. 10027 Phone : FI 8-5804 Donations Appreciatedl Mr. L. Kofi Brown, President

AFRICAN OPINION

( Continued f ~'orn page 7 ) Cable Address when the demands for "self image" Bankers is heard. Chemical Bank New York Trust Company NILELOGS Da-We notice taa that many of the white students, with their future before them, are co-operating with the African and Puerta Rican stu- r ~or oration dents. Can you unravel this "Chi- OOMMERCIAL and INDUSTRIAL AGENTS nese" puzzle, Uba ? Uba-I am not a Chinese. We Exporters and Importers To and from - AFRICA - ASIA - THE AMERICAS - EUROPE HILL'S TELEVISION SERVICE Television - Radio 34 PARK ROW - NEW YORK CITY And All Other Phone: COrtlandt 7-2280 Electrical Appliances JAMES WILKINS, Pres. & Secy . JOHN DAWAY, Vice Pres . MARY KELLMAN, Treas. Serviced and Repaired 90% of All Work Done in Your Home can however watch the fowl's skin burned in the Klansmen style in 24 Hour Telephone Service 7 Days Per Week as the wind blaws. Let us watch and front of the black girls dormitory, see what is under the feathers. Since the African students "armed them- Phone: RE 9-5715 the hurricane started we have ahead}- selves too." 168-02 SAYRES AVENUE discovered a "vicious system" operat- Uba-With guns on the campus of JAMAICA, N. Y. ing under the feathers. That system higher learning ? George W. Hill, Proprietor kept a tremeudons amount of black youths out of college and the reason Da-That's right, sir, "I'ar self- might be shaven as the wind con- defense" they claimed. Could this be tinues to blow. a plot to influence and justify actions of the feverished osculation of the UNIVERSAL Da-Since the disturbance started "white backlash" to reduce the ex- and the "Civil Rights Act" signed, plosive population, Uba ? BLACK MAN'S and to maintain the democratic front, a few Africans and Puerta Ricans Uba-The whole "mess" might be CATECHISM gained entrance to a few schools. influenced by back stage forces. Now it is announced the college will Therefore Africans should clearly A Fundamental Course take in a Ia.rge number, of what they see the "Handwriting on the Wall" of Instruction in called minority groups. and pull up stakes without delay and History and Religion leave America. Don't deceive your- It later came to light that the self or permit yourself to believe that Compiled by Black students, after discovering the this "mess" is accidental, or influ- Bishop George Alexander v~hites were armed to the teeth and enced by the hands of the convenient McGuire, M. D. a cross, the symbol of Christianity, "outsiders". Price 75 cents a copy. Address: Vanguard Local, UNIA 2395 8th Avenue New York 27, N. Y. MAGIC EMPLOYMENT AGENCY 1303 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11233 Tel. 622-6004

AGENTS WANTED Employers Who Desire Efficient Workers to handle Employees Who Desire Regular Employment AFRIOAN OPINION Full - Or Part Time Address : COMMERCIAL -INDUSTRIAL - DOMESTIC Oiroulation Managor For quick service, telephone us today 8 WEST 117th STREET Syd. St. James Licensee & Manager New York, N. Y. 10026 a1 ~~.~.~.~. 1 2 AFRICAN OPINION

THE PLACE OF URANIUM IN dally since the SOMAIR experts, wlxo were thinking two years ago of setting up-pilot factory to produce 'S ECONOMY `200 tans of uranium per year, now exuvisage a produc- tian of 750 tons starting from 1971, and 1,500 tons (From 1'~Tiyer Perspectives) in 1974.. Preparatory work for the mining of uranium in the ~~'hatever happens, St)llAIR, with a budget of 60 square kilonxcter area around Arlit i~ proceeding 7,500 million CFA, is going to figure largely in Niger's at a fast pace. 'Ihe French Atomic Energy Commission economy. holds the exclusive rights. The mineral is found about 150 feet below the surface and open-cast mining will necessitate the removal of several million tans of sand (L'ontizrued f-rom page 11) and rock. 'This started oai the 4th November last year, the date of the first dynamiting of the upper rock stratum. Since them same 150,000 tans have been moved Special Recommendation each month. The Council of Ministers of the OAU recommended At the same time the construction of the first build- that : ings for the new town of 5,000 inhabitants has already On 25t1z May, "Africa Day", National programmes started. to include the sale of badges and emblems, showing of The project as a whale is impaling, especially in films arzd otleer events for the purpose of collecting relation to Niger's skeletal infrastructure. For it shaul.d ftends for the liberation struggle. not be forgotten that the uranium bearing zone is And to make funds available for reproduction of nearly 250 km to the north-west of Agadez, which is films made as an example of the magnificent szzccess of itself the "gateway to the desert" and 2,500 km from some Liberation Movements, particularly th,e PAIGC the noarest port. 3 :1,000 tons of goads must be carried in Gui,ea Bissau. Such films should be shown in all them each ,year, including fuel-oils, which is, in itself, African States and all African Communities so that xio mean task. all floe people can be informed of tlce sacrifices and This means, in affect, that goods disembarked at activities of their strzegyliyrg brothers in, floe colonial Cotanou or Dahomey will first be carried the 400 km territories. to Parakou by rail, there loaded auto lorries which Declares that a~zy aggression on, azay OAU 1llember must follow the 1,000 km of unpaved road to Tahotxa, State by the colonialist and regiynes of Portugal, "South, and then, .from this town, take the 650 km of desert Africa" and Rhodesia is regarded as an aggression on track to Arlit, going via Agadez. The whale of this all Africans. route must, of course, be drastically improved to ease the passage of such a volume of traffic. And congralulated az~d records ill thanks to the Gnvernment.s and people, leosts to recognized liberation As from now, nearly 4,000,000 CFA in wages is movements, and particularly those States adjacent to lreixxg paid each nxonth to the 400 workmen employed "tlre fields of struggle for th,e immense sacrifices they at Arlit SOMAIR, a workforce which will be increased az°e daily shouldering in order to hasten the capitulation to nearly 900 when the mining proper begins. of the colonialists and the enemies of A frica. Tlxe authorities in Niger have high hopes of the uranium mining for several reasons. hirst, SOMAIR, must invest some 13 thousand mil- lion CFA in order to get under way the extraction of Greetings the ore which holds 0.25°fo uranium, and its trans- formation into 65 to 70% uranate of soda. Naw the on investment of such a sum, which is equal to one and AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th a half times the State's budget, can only have a f;aQOr- able effect an the whole economy, even taking into to All Africans at consideration the fact that most of the money will go HOME OR ABROAD to buying foreign goads. on this The provision of roads capable of carrying the traffic described above will also favorably influence the whale Our Day of Unity . economy, without taking into account the fact that Returns Once Again to a certain degree it will be easier to prospect the underlying layers whose potentialities are hardly known. GOD SAVE AFRICA Finally, it is worth nothing that Niger will receive, GEORGE D. RANDOLPH in the farm of taxes and dividends 66% of the profits New Jersey, U. S. A. made, whilst 34% will go to its partners. Looked at like this the whole affair seems very propitious, espe- AFRICAN OPINION

FOR THE SAKE O~F THOSE THAT COME (Issued b,y Afro~A1~I Alliance) day cr~~ out for universal freedom There is a generation hchind ns and individual expression. We need that may look epon our weaknesa We, this generation of Black men our souls tar reach otzt to God, not with wise understanding, and epon and Black women, people of African the God that this system has tram- our self-pity as ignorance. The gen- descent, are responsible for the great- pled into the mud, not the God that eration that is now bedding may not est awakening of oer people to re- we castrate each Sunday nor the God compromise with our lacking. They claim what is theirs. Sleeping minds we mock with the other six days of will far no price compromise their are being refreshed and brought to the. week. dignity, their liberty, their religion, life by the impact of new found or their luzmaness for the few pieces drops of "Wisdom" . No~ ! we need the companionship of gold that we accept daily. of the Gad of our fathers, the Gad Knowledge with her piercing dag- responsibility to spear- that gave our people the breath of It is am ger has opened the way and is re- for those that will take life and with that their Beautifnl- head the way vealing a treasure house of ancient from our hand and brio' ness. We need to allow our souls to the taw wisdom, and self esteem that goes a conclusion. touch the God that is within es. We our long struggles to back to the very emotion of Man. plead far the unfolding of the God So let us strive on and on and ~~'isdom is the application of one's strength and wisdom that has been willfully never compromise our an- knowledge. 1Ve mast again make our kept from am soul eyes. cient culture. bid at mastering and using the ex- perience of oer longhidden past. r A man withoet a past, to gmide VISION FOR AFRICA, Inc. his future is like an arrow shot into the sky, an a dark stormy night, and and i+s Presiden+, Rev. P. L. Drier, D.D. where it will come to rest the archer Wish +o Greet Africans Everywhere could dare not say. But one single ON AFRICA DAY, MAY 25+h arrow flown by the well trained archer can indeed hit the mark. And +o inform everyone +hat we are nearing the time when every man shall turn +o his own people and flee everyone into his own land. We have begun to use the potent (According +o Isaiah-13+h Chapter, 14+h Verse) tool of our self knowledge and by using this shall made wise in The Presiden+ of Vision for Africa, is planning his third +rip +o we be Africa July, plight. in 1969 wi+h his dough+er, Joan, a graduate of +he the ways of overcoming our Universi+y of Buffalo and Wilberforce with a B.S. and M.A. degrees, Each Blaclc man and each Black and his son. woman whose eyes shall open from Further informa+ion, phone 212 EN 9-I 178 dumper shall indeed be an arrow in the struggle of am fighting leaders ; Per. Roy Brown an arrow ready to fly sure and tree to the mark. So let us hall dear to our ancient history and grow wiser through its knowledge.

If those who pity themselves would ceaso and apply what oppression has DUN RITE PHARMACY taught ns, and perceive what good J. ANDERSON, B,Sc. results will come from self efforts, we would learn great truths about Registered Pharmacist, Proprietor our inner selves that has been hidden for so long. 895 Gates Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. 11221 It is heart-warming to realize that we are Black and being Black is Corner Reid Avenue Phone GL 3-4034 Beautiful. We know that, with the Where your prescriptions are price of many Black bodies, we have been able to service a cruel and mast vicious system of Dehumanization . DONE RIGHT But we have survived and those of AT DUN RITE PHARMACY us that are committed to this strut gle need to be remindful of this fact. The Outstanding African-American Pharmacy The struggling Blaclc youth of to- 14 AFRICAN OPINION CUSTOMS AND TRADITION AGGRESSION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA Enthronement of a New King AND AFRICA COMPARED In the Lobi District (From Ivorean Realities Bulletin) In the 7,o~bi district, in the Bottna region in the " felt deeply apprehensive after the North-East of the Ivory Coast, when the successor to occupation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet armed forces a dead king is proclaimed, ho mast leave the village and their allies of the Warsaw pact. during three months mourning period. The tho entire Out of courtesy towards President William Tabman future king may set foot in the village only on the an official visit to Ivory Coast He arrives of Liberia, who was on last day of the elaborata funeral rites. at the time, the Ivorean government was reluctant to there, acconnpanied by his armed guard, and goes To- publicize its views on the violation of Czechoslovak wards the dead king's hawse, or more precisely towards sovereignty, by foreign forces : the tomb where he will be buried. Tradition requires that the now king circle the tomb three times, then let While condemning this attack an liberty and rights, out a war cry that his tromp of warriors must take up the Republic of Ivory Coast wishes to express its ad- in shams. For several decades now this warliks cere- miration of the calm, courageous spirit Shawn by the mony has bean accompanied by gun-shots fired into the Czechaslavak psaple who, although the victims of a air. gression, were able to match such inadmissable violence 'fhe enthronement is subject to certain very strict with an attitads of dignified restraint. regulations. For example, the coronation of the new Drawing the lssson to be learned from these tmhappy king cannot proceed without the final rites of the d~;- wishes to point out that ceased king having first been performed, and these can events, the Ivorean government it has noted the strong and effective reactions of almost only begin on a Tuesday. When the new king arrives regardless of color his army at the site of the royal funeral, he is all the countries in the world, which with or idsolo~gy, have denounced this intolerable attack on greatcd by the customary chief who gives the newly which the freedom of a European country. elected king the advice and precepts should hence- that an equally humans attitude is not forth gttido his actions. The day after these rites, It regrets adopted and a similar amount of energy expended whoa custom demands that the king make a sacrifice on the threaten the freedom, and even the life tomb o~f his predecessor : in this way a chicken and a curtain powers king kills of millions of our African brothers, who, in several he-goat will be immolated. Then the now an continent, are victims of the crimes or the ox and divides the carcass among any outsiders who parts of the complicity of those who were most fierce in their con- may have came to take part in the funeral rites : the occupation of Czechca- offal is kept for the guardian of the tomb. dcmnation of the Soviet military Finally, the ceremonies of the slovakia. on Thursday, last Ivory Coast Republic remains convinced that enthronement take place. Tradition requires that the Tho them can be no real peace in the world as long as deceased king's youngest son ride a donkey which will countries both large and small are be sacrificed in turn. relations between dictated by force ; nor, indeed, until the fundamental In the. aftsrno~on folk dances are organized in the morality which recognizes village square and tom-tams beat the rhythm of the prinicples of international the right of every country to self-determination, and dances and the festive songs. sovereignty of others, And thus Buona relives its ceremonies of former calls, for the recognition of the times. are faithfully applied." [Illll~Tl~llli

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0 A~r can Opinion

ZAMBIA TAKES OVER MINERAL RIGHTS

PRIZE FIGHTER LED PILGRIMAGE TO AFRICA

JAMES LEOPOLD

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AFRICAN OPINION

Tel. 212-864-9247 AFRICANJournalOPINIONof Independent Thoughts and Expression HOUSE OF BONITA Vol. 9 OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969 Nos. 3 & 4 AUTHENTIC AND ORIGINAL Jas. L. Brown ...... Editor and Manager Victor G. Cohen ...... Associate Editor AFRICAN FASHIONS H. Cumberbatch ...... Associate Editor Gladys P. Graham (Famata) ...... Woman's Editor For Men, Women and Children. Garments made to order at prices your budget can live with. We offer the most complete line of African Fashions to be TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE found anywhere in New York. Portrait on Cover : Dr. Angie Brooks-UN Photo Story on Page 5 - WHOLESALE AND RETAIL - Letters ...... 4 EVERYTHING BLACK: BOOKS, JEWELRY, Women of Achievement Stand High FABRICS, CARVINGS, BEAUTY PRODUCTS By Gladys P. Graham ...... 5 Prize Fighter Led Pilgrimage to Africa By James Leopold ...... 6 Why Am I Here ...... 8 Distributed in United States, Canada, When, Where and Why? By Da & Uba ...... 10 and the Caribbean area by Letters from the Homeland ...... 12 Mandate Adopted by Garvey Convention ...... 13 Nubia Sales & Distributing Co. Zambia Takes Over Mineral Rights ...... 14 101 WEST 125th STREET NEW YORK, N. Y. 10027 Things Worth Noting ...... 15 Tel. 212-864-9356 AFRICAN OPINION Published bi-monthly by African Picture & Information Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026. Jas . L. Brown, President and Secretary. Notice : On account of re-organization of the business Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied by return self-addressed, stamped envelope. management, no issue was published since the May- SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 1 Year $1.50 - Single Copy 25 cents June number. This does not affect the number of Make all remittances payable to : AFRICAN PICTURE & INFORMATION SERVICE copies due on the yearly subscription.

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AFRICAN OPINION

African World Wide Survev LETTERS TO EDITOR Dear Sir : Dear Mr. Editor, I was given a copy of "African Dear Mr. Editor, We are writing to let you know Opinion" and was very much im- Please grant me space in OUR your work is very much appreciated by African Americans pressed. I am a resident of New Journal to say how satisfied I am who are York awakened in this 20th century. City, but I am employed by to live to see all what the Late Hon. the United States Air Force here. Marcus Garvey said come true. This Those. individuals who are seeking If it is possible, I would like to man _qf God, Marcus Garvey, when to return home, those who are seek- become a regular subscriber to your leaving Jamaica for England, sleep- ing to bridge the so-called gap be- "African Opinion" magazine. ing black men said : "Garvey, you are tween Africans at. home and Africans Enclosed is a money order ($1 .50) finished with the African question." in'A' ierica are the ones who have a for a one year subscription. Also Garvey answered : "I am going to vision of the future. These are the can you send a catalog of your other England where I can find someone ones who can see that there is no fine reading material. Thank You for to send the message to Mother Af- future for the black race if we don't your cooperation. rica. We want a United States of have Africa. Sincerely, Africa." There he found Dr. Kwame Yes! we are for (Bill) HR S965 Nkrumah who carried the Gospel of Repatriation for Americans of Af- Gary Patterson the fatherhood of God and the rican Descent. Selma, Alabama 36701 brotherhood of man. And out of this, I Keep up the work of informing can see come the "Organization of scattered Dear Sir, African Unity" of which Ethiopians, and may God all Africans strengthen us all. In the very near future, I am are proud to have. planning to open a book store in the S. B. Gardner Mrs. JaYnes & Family Germantown area of Philadelphia to Jamaica, W. I. Philadelphia, Pa. serve the African community. This y,eat.i~bepeocoeo~oeneneae..caeoeneoeneoeneoe.,e.,e.,eoeoe..eoeoo book store will deal mainly in "black" literature. I would like to handle the "Afri- CHARTER can Opinion" magazine. It is one of To TRINIDAD the most informed periodicals that deal with problems confronting the FOR CARNIVAL African American in this country today. Leaving New York City February 1, 1970 Broadus S. Williams Returning February 15th Philadelphia, Pa. Dear Round Trip Air Fare $155.00 Sir : I am writing to inform you of a change of address as of July 1st. I would i appreciate starting July 1st you would s nd my subscription of AFRICAN OPINION Magazine to the below address. AFRICA i Also I wolad be very thankful if, i with the very next issue, you would - Jocrrist ~ - Jrave C/~t~enc'y i please send the expiration date of said subscription so as I will know I exactly when to renew. 342 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017 I I really enjoy reading this par- Room 338 ticular magazine and hope very i much to continue such. The whole Phone: 697-6057 of the Black population here, in North America, should definitely HANDLE ALSO YOUR TRAVEL PLANS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. read this informative magazine. i Thank ,yon. With peace and best INCLUDING THE U. S. A. wishes, i Geo. Hall ...e.,e.,eo...... -4: Newark, N. J. AFRICAN OPINION

WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT By GLADYS P. GRAHAM STAND HIGH Dr. Arrgie E. Brooks, Woman of sity of Wisconsin . She did advanced 1 test my and second woman elected study at the University of London president of the United Nations Gen- trnrl obtained a Doctor of Civil Law is (INrl Asscntblv, currently being ad- degree from the University o£ Li- dru,sac! as lladam President by her 4eria . She was the first of her sex colleagues of come 120 delegations t o be admitted to practice before ;'rom the around the globe, with African Supreme Court of Liberia. Later she missions in the ascendency, with 38 served as Assistant. Attorney-General strong. of Liheria. 'I'lte 41 year old diplomat, Angie As a lawyer of I, scope she was ex- ;Iizabeth Ilrooks, made history and tended every consideration by Presi- set an awesome precedent when she dent NN'. NT, S. Tubman who was elected emanci- President of the twenty- pated tire female species politically. fourth session of the General Assem- Angie Ilrortks served bly as Vice-Presi- rmaninrously with every country dent of the International Federation responding. :1 standing" ovation of Women Lawyers. She represented greeted the Liberian Assistant Sec- Liberia and the Federation at the retary of State when the election re- first session of the United Nations ,rtlts were iturmunced and the IT.N. I"conomi(I Commission for 1)r)dy Africa. rose to its feet. again when she (Famata ) Her two rears as Vice-President tit was escorted the rostrum to take of the National Liberian Political Irer scat. Trusteeship Council antong other and Social Movement. was momeu- 'fhc unique honor tops her eleventh pertinent bodies during her long and tons as was her serviee ye;tr as Special as Assistant Sc("retarv of State productive years at the International Assistant to the Lott Carey Baptist of I,i1H .ria and her tifteenth year as 11-orld forruu. Her opinions, declara- Foreign Mission Convention which lrer ooutttr;v's rirrns and rlele-rate to the General statesnran,hip have been played an important part in setting .lsscttd)ly where" sire served in various laudatory and unpreeedently with up seholarships for Liberian youth. vtllttwities. versatility and sagacity, a woman of "This outstanding daughter of t Africa, Mrs. Ilrooks has servcKl as vice valor and minendy qualified for the indicated to "Famata" Chsirrnart high that Liberia of the Assembly's Fourth posts. was an Afriearr State that must be ('( .urruittee, ('Trust Born in Vir;ginin, and Non-Self- Montserrado able to cope with all phases of de- Goyorttitrf, 'I'crritories) : Vice-Presi- County, Lihcrio, she holds earned velopment . rlvotrt 4 degrees fry>rri the Committee on Tnforma- Shaw University in Proud of her Africmi heritage and tiorr from :ion-Self-Governing Terri- Raleigh, North Carolina (U.S.A.) her Afriean dress, which she always tories ; on a scholarship Chainrrmi of the Fourth Com- with lter working her ,xcars with dignitv, her motto is to mirree ; (1mirmau of the United Na- way through rolle-e as a student. actually live the principle that tWrrs Visitiug- 11is,ion to the Trust Mrs. Brooks also holds a Bachelor brotherhood is an example for others '1'erri tarry i)f the Pacific Islands ; of Law and Master of Science degree to follow and to leave something of Vir-, , ,hood -I'residvrrt President of the in political srierwe from the TTrriver- worth for those following behind.

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AFRICAN OPINION PRIZE FIGHTER LEDBy JAMESPILGRIMAGELEOPOLD TO AFRICA A group of African Americans, who embraced the hospitality and serenity that some could not hold back faith of their fathers, left the United States on Sep- the tears, as others kissed the soil of their ancient land, tember 2nd, 1969 on a tour of the African homeland and murmured : "My dreams come true . . . our real led by the popularly known "Kid McCoy" of prize- home." Some stated they went there with pains and fighter fame and now a member of the Ethiopian body aches and by some mystery the aches and pains Church, formerly Coptic . The group besides the church disappeared. members composed of officials of the UNIA & African Colony of Settlers Communities League of New York and others from The last stop was the Colony of Malcoda in the Brooklyn and New Jersey . Province of Shashamane. The colony is a large area Leaving New York, their first stop was in Greece, of flat, fertile land granted by the Emperor to Africans then to Asmara, Ethiopia, and finally , in the Americas for their support during the Italian the capital, now viewed as the "Capital of Africa," invasion of Ethiopia, in 1936. The settlement is called : where the seat of the "Organization of African Unity" the "Ethiopian World Federation Colony", Malcoda, (OAU) is located. Shashamane, with Mr. James Piper, Administrator. The Pilgrims, some members of the "St. Tekla Hay- :111 those who desire to live there may acquire a manot Brotherhood Society" of the Church, were site for home and garden free of cost except for a gracefully received by the Abuna, Acting Patriarch minor fee of about Fifteen ($15) Dollars to cover and Archbishop of Harar who "wish them a pleasant registration and taxes. Settlers now there are mostly stay among their Ethiopian brethren". from the West Indies and the United States. Thus far Places and Sceneries Malcoda has a ten room clinic, a school, and a few The National Tourist Agency delegated to conduct homes and is opened to thousands who are seeking the tour showed, the sons and daughters who return peaceful living, security and freedom from fear. to the homeland for the first time all that were possible The Only Disturbing Factors within time limit. The administration is having or experiencing a little Warmly received by His Majesty, the Emperor and difficulty now and then with transients, bearing all the all they met including the Dean of " I earmarks of imperialist agents, sent to disturb the University," they visited the "Africa Hall and Li- peaceful progress of what tends to become a "Rock of brary" of the Organization of African Unity (OA U) ; Ages." That disruptive technique has been going on in the zoo ; rug industrial setup ; rope factory ; steel foun- Liberia since around 1884 to the present. dry ; The Holy Trinity Church ; Tomb of King Solo- The purpose for the subversive tactics, all things mon ; the Chief Galla and Menelik tombs and other considered, is to prevent the sons and daughters from historical places. air-cad, with the "know how", to assist the brothers The streets they reported are immaculately clean ; -it home. Their presence there, like those of the foreign not even a matchstick is seen. No loitering, no drunks, Jews flocking to Palestine, they reason, might retard no dope addicts, no vulgarity, no discourtesy, no mug- th- move now in progress to make Africa a white man's gings reported . One reported walking 2 A.M. with no ccnntry. fear of being molested . So impressed with the general However there is a wind of change blowing in the

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII UP YOU MIGHTY RACE AID AFRICA N0W Entire Records of Marcus Garvey Committee, Inc. Dramatically Portrayed By 2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St.) New York, N. Y. 10027 Amy Ashwood Garvey, Songs of Thelma Massy & Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and Lord Obstinate . High Lighted by the Tony Thomas Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozam- Orchestra . Lyric & Music by Rabbi Arnold Ford . bique, South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . . Price: $3 .98 by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in Neighboring States. Phone: 212 MO 6-6860 Please make donations to the above Committee National African Book Store and mail to: P.O. Box 126 New York, N . Y. 10027 101 West 125th Street All Funds will be sent through the New York, N. Y. 10027 Organization of African Unity IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 6 AFRICAN OPINION

Photo : Showing Pilgrims in fro+at of the Cathedral with the flbuna in robe. Next on his right is Kid McCoy. Rack head only, is Francisco Rockwood. On Mr. McCoy's right, in black coat, is his wife, Mrs. McCoy. international sphere stud the rise of African National- are non-existent. They revere their elders and especially ism tends to reverse the age old scheme. their teachers. Ves, L've found any happy valley, the Met by a welcome oomnnittee headed by Mrs. Gladys ancient kingdom of Ethiopia, in East Africa, the oldest Stephen,, of the Vam.nnard hiu"al, VNIA & African empire in the world. IIer kings are descendent of King Communities Lea-tic, pd-rinis alighted from the Solomon and the Queen of Sheba." plane did not show the experte(l cnthusiasiu c"omparahle I have grown to oil love this countt.v, which is mag- with that shown leaving. On questioning, it was nificeittly hcantiful, not and her people, simple, kind, ar- revealed that they "did want to leave" that "happy dently patriotic, and justly proud of their ancient past. valley" discovered previously by I)r. Fortune Fletcher, ltilavine Wnhardson, African-American singer, fol- direetor of the "ATedhane ~1lem School" in Addis lowed : "There's something strange, strange like magic Ababa, who stated : "For the first time in my long about patting your foot on the soil of Africa that educational career (at Lincoln ITniversity, 111"o.) I've :,elves veil a sernslttiott you've m ver lead before in vonr foutid ecniplcte frcv dorn, nnstintcd cooperation and re- life. I felt it and experienced it Imt cannot explain it. sp(n :ise 11) 111 N creative efforts. Ycs, I wa completelY overcoiiie by the spirit of free- 'I'lu. rhiidren, like their parents are exquisitely polite. dom, untrammeled fn edonn' I was at home once more They are say catgcr to learn that disciplinary problems with my people. I felt happy, secured and moved.

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AFRICAN OPINION

"WHY AM I HERE" (Statements to Congress of Christian States, White Society of America by Bishop Addison My attention is called first to the be gotten through forced integra- (2) Our standard of living must be proclamation of the honorable Mr. tion ; nor by freedom rides and brought up to the level with Dan H. Brown, The 2nd, President marches. Public prayers have not those whom we desire to be of this Congress, requesting all mem- served the purpose intended and sing- equal with bers of the Christian Congress to ing God's praises in the streets have Our economic structure must be join in appealing to God, for His not solved the problems. This is con- so geared that we become the blessing and guidance for all man- crete proof where integration leads. controlling factor of our own kind, and for a new birth of freedom We, of the African Universal destiny. Then and only then and peace in our beloved America. I Church and Commercial League Cor- will we be free and equal with have given this proclamation a care- poration, havewarned White America other men. ful study trying to comprehend its that passage of various Civil Rights The black man must pay the same full meaning. If and when these Bills will lower "America" into her price, to satisfy his thirst for free- words are translated into action already open grave. We warned dom. through the Congress of Christian Black America the passage could on- This is the danger that drives me States of America, we can truly say ly be a strong barbiturate to keep the to my feet! How can we sleep in a the new birth of America is here. black man peacefully sleeping while time like this? We must prevent this For forty (40) years, since 1928, your so-called "friends" bury your destruction of a nation that came in- we have traveled the length and so-called "White Enemies" and en- to being by God's Grace. We cannot breadth of America ; from the At- slave you and your chldren's children allow white or black to drift along lantic to the Pacific ; and have used for generations to come. unthinkingly toward this great gulf every available means of communica- The so-called poor people's cam- of danger. It is because of this that tion to warn Americans, black and paign was proof that although the "I AM HERE" and now calling up- white, against this day. masses of people watch them plunge on the soul and mind of White and We have urged 100 per cent co- into the gulf of destruction, they con- Black America for 100 per cent co- operation between black and white tinue to march in the same direction. operation, so together we can save Americans to prevent the destruction These endeavors are sinking Amer- America for the white, and all who of this nation from within. We ica, both white and black. We should wish to retain their stay, and build warned Americans both black and want to know from whence cometh Africa for all who wish to return. white that integration has destroyed the money to support these evils since This work must be done, and it must every nation that tolerated such we are taxed on every hand. be started now. folly ; and that America would be no How long can we survive if the There are whites as well as blacks exception to the rule. people continue along these lines. who have not understood the plan of This prediction was fulfilled from In order to be free all people had the A.U.C. & C.L. CORP., African 1965 through 1967 when violence to sponsor a threefold program : the Stock Exchange Association Develop- broke out from Maine to Florida ; Black Man is no exception to the ment Corporation. Some don't want and from New York to California rule. to understand. But I must explain for self-determination . (1) Onr spiritual development must our objective for the good of the Ladies and gentlemen, it cannot meet God's specification world and humanity. pIIl01k11111

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Illlllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllll llllll~llll 101011111r, II 8 AFRICAN OPINION

Archbishop Clarence C. Addison, Visible Head of AFRICAN UNIVERSAL CHURCH COMMERCIAL LEAGUE CORPORATION CALLING 144,000 MEN -- WOMEN -- YOUTH To Create a New Society And Bring Peace Out of Chaos By Using the Route Leading From SERVITUDE TO MASTERY AND FROM MISERY TO COMFORT as Shown in His New Book "CONSTITUTION" Founder and President-General of AFRICAN STOCK EXCHANGE ASSOCIATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Incorporated under the Laws of the State of New York, Dec. 4, 1964, the Archbishop invites Concerned Parties to Public Meetings at LIBERTY HALL 8 P.M. Thursdays and 3 P.M. Sundays 3802 3rd Avenue (Near 171st Street) Bronx, N. Y. Archbishop Addison shown address- For further information, address: ARCHBISHOP C. C. ADDISON ing the Congress of The Christian 14 Webster Place, East Orange, N. J . 07018 States of America assembled in Na- New Jersey Phone: 202-675-0896 New York Phone: 212-583-7466 tional Convocation, in St. Louis, Mo., June 10 thru 13, 1969.

'F11oso of the black Race that passion of huugrv mireasuning men 11an's energy, ambition, and passion, pr(nrlr s(x,ial (-quality, and who are r1t:ty they he white or black ; when of his own. working for an American race that the lt~~ttr cWlle:-, but can't %.oll see it 'I'lle hlaek mall lnusl; have a coun- will, ill complexion, be neither white is on its way. 'I'o prevent this is (of his (,wtt ; a elation in which will never who CVO or black, f am afraid they are wc(rhillg for. 11C ('10l foully identify himself. rlndersi-and our plan to create our "White America, Listen?" ciwll 1 "1ltployment in America and "Why Should the Black or White I 11111d "ntr own New York City ill A gcintl-ation of ambitious black Die?" 1 friv.l . 11tcn :0111 w(nnen, out front the best ll,is llw black malt as well as the 1Vlrite America, it is later than colleges, lrlliversitles and Institutions, white, matt served America and the vcit I tliilrk. citpable of fillizlg- the hi-hesl au11 best world'! If:as It(, trot locwtre the burden 'I'll( , k(,(-tr student; must realize that positions ill flu" nation` in industry, ,of eiviliz;rli(ul in fills western world the cenlrrries ahead will brilig us an (-(n1tri0re, scwiety an(1 lx,litics, can for tl1re(" 1rttildred vears? 11as lie not (o"('r-crowded eountlv. Will there be You keep tlneni back? If you do so coirtnhuk"d cof liis (rest to America? rootit for two powerful races working tllev will :rgilate and 11trow yoitr con- tit1rcly all 1111- stollds 14, Ills credit. against, the other? one '1'Iie answer stil,utiirrr ill Yonr face. (.'an vote stand 11ttt t1wrc will trot lie enough room is n((. tile Imagine, black race power- lwf(jrv civilizotion and deny the truth ~111,I lure woe answer is ford a place. ful ..,j"(" in ambition but weal; in eco- ~of ~(nir c(mstitillioll? What are you have fmind ,i lface ; it is Africa mlries : t(o holdin' positions which white "(1itt- dc, then? 1'ou who ire just fl)r the Afric":1t- at ]ionic and ('11101 Iield, and the whit.(' deprived of will lip(-it the door (1f opportunity and ;ihn,ad ~., lfack Melr for thr("c hull- positii-m .,4 while black are at work and rry ii) all ( titer ill . 13ut ladies and 1 1rctl vv:ir:s li :tvc ltellwd white rtlen rrlilli"t1 .., of whites ell starvation 0,cr1t1( "rtwir, what thell if i-liere is not 111til(I _Ii1i( "ric":1, ,urcl~- and ~-ircct : or just turn it, around, black etrc,ti-11, tnav they Ire white or black, -1,11t(4111 \01h(' 111('1 «- ill . ill help black living the city of poverty. Here the rrarvilr- crowd could he of -our rr1Cr1 lolrild Afr1C,1 . you have the bloody picture of whole- rY+yrt race'. 1Ci11 they stand liv, suffer 11'( " c;1r1 orrly 11:tv(- lwacc when we sale mot, violence before yon that and st:irv(" and allow, ill opposite an, 'ilt,t to all niarlt.hid : acid for that I fear, alld a"'ainst which we are nice too pr("par in the midst of their loi"ncc, :111(1 far the rein (of universal wvn"1;i 1l ~~ . (li" rrcss Ic1r( ", I 11((w nplwal to the soul of No 4 prcaehing : praying lior presi- 'There 1 , Ilut (111(+ solution, and that \Vlritc" .111i( "ri( ;i, "Lf:"f 11Y ill PE0- (letili:rl prcx"l;11rlatiorl i-VIII I'MOT,01 tile is to pnivide owlet for the 131ack 111.1,: t :(), . . AFRICAN OPINION

WHEN, WHERE AND WHY? By DA & UBA multitudes of offsprings are not dead but only Da-Uba, there are N fictitious and concocted words, wounded as Khruschev warned the 283-9002 N phrases, and ideas rapidly repeating liberated states. and spreading. Many of these have Da-«'hat did that mean to those r been invented hundreds of years ago free States in Africa, especially those OJA ELBE discarded by science satellites and "conservative" states s u and, although MOREMI tt and common sense, they are still be- tied to the former enemy and their ing hammered into the consciousness offspring, Uba ? Traditional West African Attire of the least suspected. Uba - It did not penetrate the 2351 7th AVENUE For example : it is stated and con- brainwashed mentality of those con- (Bet. 137th & 138th Sts.) stantly repeated that the "Good ditioned leaders. Have you ever Lord" summoned a'fictitious creature checked the first and middle names NEW YORK, N. Y. 10030 named "Moses" into a "burning c>i those mentioned in the press? Do bush", of all places somewhere in 'IN-On not discover they are all Euro- glory, ego and self aggrandizement Southern Asia and gave him some peans or Christian names ? And those to jeopardize our preservation. Commandments, now being used by names are not changed with inde- Uba-What step do you propose the Christians . Who was this imag- pendence, except by a few here and be taken at this stage of reconstruc- inary person, Uba ? there who are now targets of foreign tion in addition to the Organization Uba-From all angle of reason- agents. It's a slow process to switch of African Unity (OAU) with now ing, Moses stands as invention to to the need of now-today. 42 free States? further the plans and purposes of Da-Yes, Uba, that. is understand- Da -Africa has a population of the inventor. The same creature is able but there was a time when it 395,000,000 on the continent and said to have struck the Red Sea with took months to travel from Timbuktu approximately 100,000,000 in the a rod and that mass of ocean opened to Mecca. Today, with our jets, it Americas. With such a horde who up to let pass out of Egypt a group only takes one-half day. Today with are now sick and tired of indignity of feigned persons, to some other the printing press, radio and televi- commonly faced, and standing ready part of Asia. It is observed of late sion, wire service s, it is time to be to redeem themselves, the following that Marcus Garvey is classified as in step. It is time we looked out for steps should be taken without delay. a "Black Moses", leaving the in- ourselves multilaterally. We cannot 1) Delegated agents of African tended inference. afford to sit idle by and permit our States (not satellites nor conserva- Da-Here is another strange con- leaders with ostrich mentality, self tives) be commissioned to re-estab- cection : Europeans changed the Af- lish and reinforce the "MAU MAU" rican name Zimbabwe to "Rhodesia" with instruction to politely inform and the media of information here those paid, subsidized and self-in- in the West is now naming the terest operators that the welfare of 220,000 Europeans there "the Rho- FASHIONSASNAIM "the whole is greater than any of its desians" and classifying the 5,000,- 2224-7YN AYE. N. Y. N. Y. 10027 212-2N-3412 parts." Let them know in brotherly "Negroes" and fashion that if the masses go down, 000 Zimbabweans as " Buba-Lapps Sets "Blaclz Rhodesians" . Isn't this an the suction will inevitably pull them outright alienation, a planned pro- " Dansikis down too. cess of elimination, Uba ? " Geles 2) A special meeting of the OAU Uba-That is a foregone conclu- " Filaas be summoned and promptly abol- sion. Their action of forming a -Combs ished, what the imperialists called, government there in which the five "African Nations" and elect one million Africans there have no say " Tikis head of state-a Chief, King, Em- is as clear as crystal. Their brazen peror, President, the name imma- action, like that of their counts rpart terial. in South Africa is that of genocide. 3) Elect those with childish am- Da-But TTba, how can they con- bition as advisors, cabinet officials tinue their barefaced aggression to- and other appropriate functions. day with tho T`nited Nations stand- 4) Designate a commander-in- ing by ? Chief to federalize or Africanize Uba-What TT.N. ? The U.N. is all military forces on the continent owned and controlled by the majority -army, navy, air force, police along -permanent members of the Secur- with the guerillas. This must be done WHOLESALE*RETAIL* MAIL ORDER itv Council - China not included. a low Inobare Available n with dispatch, since it is now abim- The' group of imperialists and their dantly clear that the imperialists 10 AFRICAN OPINION

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IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,

RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA

only respect the lead from the muz- zle of a gun. It was reported that a field mar- shall from Egypt was named Com- mander of all African Forces. It is presumed his function was nullified by the satellites that gave "Rho- desia", South Africa and Portugal a SEE SUNNY AFRICA THIS WINTER free hand to push Africans around. Uba-You know these free states NIGERIA AIRWAYS recently merged. They are poor, in Will take you to money, know-how and underdevel- oped and having a lot of difficulties. DAKAR - LIBERIA - GHANA - NIGERIA - EAST AFRICA Da-But, Uba, we have 42 Gov- -Call- ernments. Each one maintains Em- bassies, Consulates, Nigeria Airways agencies and NEW YORK CITY commissions in foreign countries 565 FIFTH AVENUE with rentals, equipments, salaries, Telephone 212 OX 7-3875 etc., running into the billions annu- ally. With this one African Govern- around in Angola and Mozambique impregnable than any outside, all ment the expenses of forty-one (41) and outside forces fanning the flame things considered. states will be saved for securing of fratricide in Nigeria, are not peace and progress in Africa. palatable pills to swallow. Uba-The OAU might be moving in that direction beginning with one I)o we see the picture staring us "Africa Hall" in Addis Ababa, in our faces where Angola, on the FALASHA Ethiopia. Atlantic and Mozambique on the In- Da-Yes, Uba, but this is the "Jet dian Ocean with the enemy in South AFRIKAN Age", and marking time is out of Africa digging in? date. Seeing 218,000 Europeans Uba-The picture is there in evi- HUT pushing around 4,000,000 Africans dence and after everything is said in "Rhodesia" ; 3,000,000 kicking Selling and done it must occupy the interest DRUMS around 16,000,000 Africans in South of all Africans at home and abroad 0 Africa and Portugal "messing" like the interest of the Jews, from all BAGS parts of the world, in the Palestine 0 ;i issue. Sons and Daughters of Africa CARVINGS Phone 323-8847 0 u in strategic position in other parts of Hours: 12 Noon - 8 P.M . the world "must be smart" and help JEWELRY 0 Closed Mondays to maintain the African base more a AFRIKAN ATTIRE and CLOTHES AFRICAN DEN BOOKS AGENTS WANTED Everything from Africa ORIGINAL CLOTHING :: and ;; to handle 1156 FULTON STREET JEWELRY DESIGN AFRICAN OPINION By Bejo BROOKLYN, N. Y. Address : 968 BOSTON ROAD u (Near Franklyn Ave.) " Circulation Manager :: BRONX, N. Y. 10456 Phone: 783-8771 S WEST 117th STREET (Bet. 164 St. & Teasdale Pl.) New York, N. Y. 10026 MMUMs " :U.MUMM.-MV: AFRICAN OPINION LETTERS FROM THE HOMELAND

INOTr : The following two letters addressed to Mr. Jom.0 rightful position, our destroyed shrines, indeed, our Logan, director of "African Ambassadors Ball & Dinner heritage. We must organize for absolute freedom to Committee", are released as information only. move and settle where we elect in our Mother Africa. This is what our States must continue to be told now The writer of one is the outstanding African States- and again. man, Hon. Mark W. Mwithaga, member of the Kenya Parliament, who introduced the measure to "grant You on that part of the world can rest assured of positive victory in the African Citizenship to her dispossessed sons and end, now that you have taken the heavy burden on daughters in the United States and the Caribbean". your shoulders to get all with you in The other is Mr. E. U. Essien-Udom, professor of that land to search for HARAMBEE (Jomo Ken- political science at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. vatta's Kenyan motto for togetherness) with their brothers and sisters in Mother Africa. You are not alone, and you'll never be alone. My dear Jomo, It was because you were not, are not, and will not I have to thank you for your letter of 19th June, be alone that I took the initiative and had the courage '69, which reached me on 1st July, 1969, and the to table my motion in our National Assembly, to enable magazines which you enclosed therein, which I must all Afro-Americans and the Caribbean Islanders to confess, enthrilled me a lot. become automatic citizens of Kenya and other States of the Organization of African Unity. You may not believe it, I was somehow set to think- I maintain this is necessary ; I maintain this ing how unworthy I am to be selected by your organiza- is inevitable . And I was filled with joy when tion to receive this year's "Black Power Law Award", I received hundreds of letters from that part of the world by individuals set for the 26 October, 1969, in New York City. But and organizations appreciating my efforts. then, my philosophy on the rebirth of the African Indeed even the East African Students Union wrote peoples' lost shining shrines the world over could not me a wonderful note on the platter, and I dare allow me otherwise than to accept the Award. I accept say, all those appreciative notes meant the opening of new horizons the selection and of course the Award with open arms for organizing all and joy. our peoples here and there to get to understand one another more than ever before. When I first thought of the need for Africa to allow Get to work together in her dispossessed sons and daughters, now scattered all all spheres more than ever before ; get to struggle together to rebuild over the world and mainly in America, was when I was the destroyed shrine. It is my sincere hope that on a study tour of the United Kingdom. There I met I will be able to meet many of them if I can a lot of my brothers and sisters. And after interview- come to America. I should like to see and meet the people I have ing a number of them, I could not help thinking of so much affection and love for. I should like to the ways of getting them back to their motherland, meet them in that part of the world Mother Africa. they were forced to. I should like to meet the brothers and sisters I want to see allowed to return I held and still hold a strong belief that not one of to their Mother Africa as and when each one of them you or your forefathers left this continent of one's feels the need to do so. accord, but as slaves in shackles, manacles and fetters In the meantime, I send my warm regards to all of the white empire builders. This was a criminal act your co-workers, associates, activists, and sympathizers . against nature, humanity, and morality. It was a I send them salutations for the most sacred and glorious criminal act which has to be deplored each day of our struggle you and them are carrying out. I dare add life by all those who have pride in their being black that persistence in struggle means victory. people ; by all those who feel that time is ripe for And until I hear from you, I remain, Africa and her peoples wherever they may be the world over, to rebuild the destroyed shrines. It is in In Internaional Brotherhood this field and this position that I find you and my of the Black Peoples, other brothers and sisters on that part of the globe. MARK W. MWITHAGA, M.P. All other peoples on the basis of their race, are busy Nakuru Town Constituency trying to organize their true places in this world. Yes, the Arab world mobilization, the French intentions to reach Canada and other parts of the globe ; the Irish My dear Mr. Logan, reunionization, the Jewish mobilization and Zionism, The delay in acknowledging your letter of 19 June, the European and of course the white man's scramble 1969 is very much regretted. I was pleased to learn for the Space. Where is the Black man's position? for the first time of African American For Friendship Merely gaining freedom and independence is not all. & Retainment of our Image Culture & Arts. Naturally, It must be accompanied with absolute recognition of I welcome the formation of your organization realizing his position and his origin. the continuing need for black people in Africa and the We must organize to unite wherever we may be, for Western world to maintain and intensify our contacts. it is not until then, that we can regain our pride, our I am therefore pl-ased to know that I have been unani- 12 AFRICAN OPINION

AANDATE ADOPTED BY GARVEY The IIIree dt1v 15111 I nterllational Inested or denumded will enable the ('olIveIItIoII . (1f the I i\ 1 .1 c\ AfricoII CONVENTION otfspri]i-s( (1f the .laves, who volun- ('olmt11lnitie, opened scss10H tarilY desire 1,(1 return to file laud of 111, die 1' :(rcllt Boils of the \vorld or- 111cir fatllers to (ht so without lnlrd- lllllliztttic111, lltMt ('olunobla Avclouc, allip ¬111,1 L(rill-. tell elld tc, three cell- I'IIilaclelIdlia, 1'11 . 41,11 Anellst 2titll tttric"s of :1!,;itallorl, frnstratiou and till-11 :3 .1,4 . 1969 aMid c'l0 .0l ill tilt :tt- 11i.m , coltfrotltaticut . ]tloslollere (if calln . There were 11(1 The l)ocly 1111 ;111iuionl-dY c11chn-sed r:1IIC(Il" 11(1 wr1IIIIIIt. , 0V('1' 4lthelal 11w, third effort 1,.o settle this 3110 posit ioli :1, 11,nal . It 11'as do lfcrela t(1 vc :lr mlfinished business . (The first cola-loses (1.f other ~ronloill!,:'.. "file " 11el1 Dill was tow "Bi111o~ Bill," 1939 t(l(1k file form of 11 \si111 siz lildholt 1lackers ; the second tl1( . Africatl Ir :lditi(x1,11 custom ttlld \C :1s the "l .al(ger kill," 1(148 . Both closed lsitll "Il :tr;tlnl>(~c', 1111 Afric:111 f;iilcd t(1 :m, akcll the American eon- slo'au c1t: ..,111111i11~r t(,(,et}1er. .( ie11(-c . ) Never the less, the coloven- I)ele",tti1'l11, from ( , m-ve,v I)iVi- tiont c;dl, tllxnl people (If goo(1N+"ill ,icllt ; lit till , I - 111tccl tihltcs altcl Ja- 1N1 - 1,() 71"Aist ill this peaceful and t1111ic-a, West IIldics ; ali(I reltrescltt :t- rcas(n] ;d11e appe:11 to assist ill fnrthcr- tives from (oilier loc ;I1 or.~:tlliz :ltio]ls ilt!a I11e iltalienahle rig,-lit of self- (if Africml clescc-ltdellts ,:11 do%v1l (Icterltti11t1tioll chosen l1Y those who to-Alter and devised :1,11(1 ]ileat1 . (Ic"irc to 1'eltll'll ill Afri("al . to further the "African li(Ylelllptioll 1'110 11oa1141ate especially calls on Pro-l"ttll " as legislated 11v rcpre-enta- all org-altizalimts (if Afrietm people fivcs fr(tin the Afrienli .11'orlcl ('(011- (people of African Mood and de- 1111111ities ill previous ( (ollv('11tic111- . s( -(, 11t, ltla(-k people) religious, fro- Arltolt-- 1,111 distili ;"tli.llcd llartici- Ph .3to : :Mr . : rtrslafrl flashim . Precirlent ler11 :11, 1)(11111cal vt al to to+tively slip- In1l1t. wire : Mr. 11are11s (ion-vv, Jr. of the "Africa-American Rep,"itrialion port the "Six bill 11. li. on (1f Kill".,toll, J :1I11aiva, West 111(lies ; Association ." I(cllalf (1f fit(,.(, ewlcerned . 1I r. Allist afa IIasliiill . Prv.idellt of llr. AI1ircus Garvey, Jr, the prin- file Africn11-A111eric:l11 1'cpalriatioll 'I'Ite dominati11- 1-"1(c dc ;ilt \sith ilril sllc aker, like Iii, father bluntly Assoriatloll of 1'11ilndelpllia : 111% 11v 111c assclttlclY the - licl(alriu- Mill directly m(arlled that hhlck pe(} I ;okert I,. l11-(tel. leader (1f the ti(no I'll[", lwhldarlv k114m-1t os ill(- I(le :It-(, sons 1111(1 dau-lttel°, of Africa I)ctcrn1111atiot1, I'Lell :tration altd Re- - Mx Bill 11 N N'11 ;5", s11111nitted to. It 11d as mill t 11ev 11 :1 vo the same prol1- , 1111cd 1>.v 11:1tri:tticIt1 ( '(1IItIlkiItee , ,1f ilif,1r11in . ille ('(,11-rcss (,f tltc 1 titatcs Iv11ls. "fife sollitiolt ((f ilw,c, he eln IIIvIiIcIItIY, NIr. Ibex-l< \vtls elected ('( ;llgte  111x11 Ito11erl Nix, :111 Africull 1111t1sizel, 11l11st be 1t.snmed I)v all AS,ist:tlit Sow retarv (wlleral of the Allu-ricnt1, (lit 11(-half (1f his coll~titll- A1'ric,111, _ 1141 (1114, else . Africans 1'111v+ rsal Africat1 11"oirlcl o n."tlliz :l- cltts Ili I'11i1a4Icllll1ia . abroad umst return to the 4fotller- tio11, f(1ultdcd li v file (list in-nislled The kill call ; upon the escclttise 1:111d Help drive (1111- the eltelnv. And :uld (IC1otmic suit (1f Africa, file late :1,11,(1 le-ishttivc kldics to t1l>11r(~lni ;itc " " illcc till evidence have Shown that Il(o1. 1krells (iltrvcv ill 1IIl t . All tltrcn1-11 lr;~i,lmiwll fnlul ., 1s111Wn 1,l. ri-,ht :111(1 peaec are ]tilt seelll'el from Miler officials rvl 1,1 nted to office "with reporation, 1,411. :31)11 rears of c(otl- :tllV f(ath1-1'v Iced 4}f vase, \ve lllllst the dcd1vafed I , 1csidvI1t-(iclicrA, Kr. I)ukorv fret° laltor au(hservlces un(lc-r I,e prclnred Ill (lie" fill- frccdo111 and Tho11tas 11'. Ilarve.N., «olio presided . s111,l :lifer sl ;lvcrv . The fluid. re- scvnlriy .

]tlously selected for the tllird l,)l>(ek I'(iwer Award fit. separated I1hVsicrtlly hilt not .I)ii-itually 11v the Athinlic I'ollticttl Science. ()ce:m, will -rots ,trom ,ur and stron!~(~r 111 lire years ()hvionsIv, to 11e -1ven sm-11 :I hig1t 1lcolor is very :tl]c :td. I ltop' 111 .0 tllllt the Fiftll A111l11td Aticarl -rtltifvill- tlltlt(nl ;gl1 it also 11-it;ltvs the r1tind of the Attollasstlilor's Hall and 11iniker will be a great success . rrcillic]tt Who lleces,tlrils tlu1st Wonder wllat eolltrilnl- 11~ (1t11~ regl-rut is float. I shall not 11c there lilt vsically 1 iou lie lms ltmde 1,(1 cleservv it. A . I 11111st defer to lint will I1... Ivith vo il ill spirit . 11et1mv11ile, I :1111 eoll- y(nlr Vigil se11Ne of lid-11tellt, 1 -l :ldls w-ccllt till .-, tactill- 11 frieltd who will :ttlcltd the lull mid Dinner oil a11;1nl, llopin". t1lat ill ,0111e \s:1v, lust ( Icarls (111vi0ns and receive the Awanl lnY 11e11alf. 1,(1 1111 T liti(Lltt Itnvo 1luldo u slio11t colltrlI111tioll to the Witll :111 he-t ~sis'lw ". :tdvall(-elllent (1f und( , 1-,I:l11d11 I'll (1,f ollr volllvIolHlral,N .itn :ltiosll . Yours fl-ti termtll v, I %risll t(1 tIt :tuk You, 111c Em,cltfive and Illonolx'rs (1.f I? . 1 '. Ea,1 t:N-1 - 11(01 ~~i1111 , "I"'Alliz .Iti,nl ,for till, verv Ill(olghtf111 :111(1 kllld ProP ..sur of 1'olilir(11 ScY-lire -cstllrc . I hope that. tile 1)1r1(ls llctweell onlr people, Septe11111er, 1969 ( - nivcrsity (1f I l(adm1, \ i!g,,ria ZAMBIA TAKES OVER MINERAL RIGHTS Note : Following is the new statement of policy an- in the price of copper and consequent loss of Govern- nounced to the people by President Kenneth Kaunda. ment revenues which would bring a halt to our de- velopment plans, present and future. We could not "First o£ all, I want to say to the mining companies tell the Mining Companies : you either develop the that I am very disappointed at the virtual lack of areas which you have or we shall take them away from mining development since Independence . Apart from you and give them to somebody else who is willing to very small developments at Kalengwa and Mimbula do so. We could not even tell them we shall take them Fitula and some further development at existing mines, away and develop them ourselves in the interest of the we have seen nothing. The companies claim that the Nation . royalty system has been against new development. The Constitution which was handed down to us by Nevertheless, I think they have not done enough our previous "Colonial masters" made sure that we did towards further development of the country in which not have this power. they make their great profits. Let me also say that I Clause 18 of the Constitution was inserted for this do not agree with the Mining Companies that Royalties specific purpose. And what is worse, Clause 18 could have been the obstacle to the development of the in- not be repealed by an Act of Parliament but only by dustry. I have been following their accounts and I a B(,ferendum, and in order to win the Referendum know very well that they could have embarked upon the Government, as I explained earlier, had to get a further expansion, if they chose to devote part of their "ES vote from at least fifty-one per cent of all the profits for this purpose. Instead of re-investing they voters registered on the Voters Roll. have been distributing over eighty per cent of their Now that the Nation has given me the mandate profits every year as dividends." through the Referendum, I am able to announce far- Having gone into the matter very thoroughly in my reaching Mining Economic Reforms which will set capacity as Minister of Mines, I now hold even stronger this Nation well and truly on the road to its Economic views than I did last year. You are all familiar as to Independence. how Cecil Rhodes and his clique in the "British South Steps Toward Economic Independence Africa Company", at the beginning of the century, In the interest of the Nation and depending acquired mineral concessions from our Chiefs. On In- on the mandate that it gave me on the 17th Time, dependcnee we took over the mineral rights which were 1969, I hereby proclaim that all rights of held by the "British South Africa Company" . How- ownership or partial ownership of Minerals must revert to the State. These ever, in practice this meant nothing except that we include : were able to levy a royalty on the extraction of minerals The "'North Charterland frcm our own soils. Concession" which covers almost the entire Eastern Province and We found that all areas which were rich in mineral is owned by LONRHO. deposits were passed on in perpetuity by the "British (2) The "Rhodesia Katanga Concessions" South Company" to the two major Mining Groups - around the Mkushi area and which is partially the "Anglo-American Corporation" and the "Rhodesian owned by a British Company called the "Tanganyika Selection Trust" which is now the "Roan Selection Concessions". Trust" . The Big Concession which is partially owned Conspiracy Revealed in Operation by the "African Gold and Base Metal Hold- If yon examine a geological map o£ Zambia you will ings", an affiliate of the "Anglo-American find that most of the northern area of the country, the Corporation" . Copperbelt and the North-Western Province, is shared (4) 6 x 10 square mile areas partially owned by between these two groups. These groups hold the min- "Bechuanaland Exploration Company" . ing rights in perpetuity, i.e. forever and ever. All we 3 x 10 square mile area which are partially obtained in Independence was the right to charge a owned by the "Kafue Development Com- royalty on the value of the minerals which were ex- pany". tracted from our soils. However, in order to charge Rhodesia Railway Farms and the Kwimbe the royalty we had to wait for the pleasure of the Farm and Nyamokolo Farms entirely owned Alining Companies to develop a mine. Since they had by the "London Missionary Society" . the mining rights in perpetuity they were not par- These Concessions gave the holders the right to all ticularly in a hurry to embark upon further develop- minerals in the areas. In addition, they gave them the ment. «as a people's Government, had legally no right to explore and mine these minerals for their own power to force them and no power to take away their account without even paying Royalty to the State. mining rights and offer them to other groups which Furthermore, they gave them the right to grant mining were willing and able to commence new mining de- rights to others and charge a Royalty for their own velopments . benefit. Regardless of whether we needed development very And Not Only That But badly we could not safeguard against a possible drop We have been trying since Independence to negotiate 14 AFRICAN OPINION

THINGS WORTH NOTING

THE LAFAYETTE THEATRE BLOODY UPRISING RETURNS KONGO OFFICIALS CALLED EMERGING The theatre that held the attention ON MOSCOW The Rev. Dr. Franklin Clark Fry, of the African Community of Har- President of the 3,000,000 members lem during the thirties and mysteri- Two months ago press reported of the Lutheran Church, sent the ously closed down has now returned that Justin-Marie Bomboko, Foreign following message to the "White So- triumphantly as the "New Lafayette Minister of the Kongo (Kinshasa), ciety" of America in January : "A Theatre" at 138th Street and 7th called on Andrei A. Gromyko, For- racial emergency of gigantic propor- Avenue in New York City. eign Minister of the Soviet Union tion" coming ; "More destructive and With the resumption of pride and and exchanged views on developing bloody uprisings that are no longer going to be confined to the ghetto self-determination believed to have greater relation between the two been inspired by the Garvey Wave, areas but will be carried into white the Community then witnessed inde- countries. areas". pendent creation of plays with match- During the Kongo conflict over "Unpleasant as it is for me to say in less acting never seen before Neo-colonists battle to retake the and for you to hear, the United America. Kongo, under the watchful eyes of States confronts a time of spiraling Many of the actors starred in and spreading violence . . . unless a "Shuffle Along," "Black Birds," U.N. troops, the then manacled Kon- massive improvement of the lot of "How Come" attracted world at- go Officials were pressured into ask- `negro' ghettos (African Communi- tention. ing the Socialist States to remove ties) come quickly." '1'o obtain standing space only, their Diplomatic Missions. And what "Frighteningly outspoken African tickets had to be secured three weeks was most comical of all, in the frantic in advance, especially that of "How Americans are more and more ex- which many reported they efforts of those with designs on Af- pressing their willingness to die, for Come," what they believe saw three times. The fans had been rica, was to request the U. A. R. is right, and not (Egypt), a sister African State to unwilling to have others die with so numerous that producers from them." other areas shrewdly picked out the leave too, leaving only NATO and stars, sandwiched them with their satelites in charge. The seed of conflict sprouted in own and pulled the fans away, as 1619 A.D. on the "Good Ship with the case of the "Black Yankees" Not long after a "Lumiunba Col- Jesus", watered and now grown to in Harlem. lege of Technology" was established the tree of danger. "Helping slum Black people are born actors and in Russia, a concrete gesture as residents as proposed is saying to the future of the "New Lafayette things stood ; since, when independ- those driven into frustration : We are Theatre" is undoubtedly bright, if not concerned with your hopes, as- self dependents and indigenous ser- ence declared there were only four pirations nor your outlook. . . This vice continue to be the outlook as (4) college trained Kongolese in a is what we plan for you, an irritating the present show indicated. population of sixteen million. gesture, the germ of conflict.

with the holders to purchase back these Concessions in 1970. I am going to allow these licenses to cover their the interest of the Nation. We were faced with de- ,11111 course but the holders will have to accept the new mands amounting to as high as half a million kwacha conditions that I shall impose upon them. The most and this only for some of them. important condition is that the State will have the right Example (a) . Litunga's Rights. The Litunga holds to take up (at least) fifty-one percent of the shares in rights to determine conditions of prospecting licences, any mine that may be established as a result of a dis- mining leases, etc., and to claim Royalty on minerals covery of Minerals. in certain areas . . . I have to terminate these rights (c) Special Grants and Mining Locations. These completely and without compensation. The rights of are the rights that Cecil Rhodes and his successors, the the Litunga should not be different to those of our "British South Africa Company", have passed on other traditional Rulers. The rights of the Litunga mainly to the two Mining Groups in Zambia to enjoy are not different to those of the Nation, and I, and my in perpetuity, i.e., forever and ever. Government are the elected custodians of the interests of the Nation. The Litunga can rest assured, however, These Special Grants cover vast areas of the country. that we shall exercise these rights in the best interests Some of them have been lying idle, and the holders of of the Nation as a whole. the Special Grants did not even make an attempt to (b) Exclusive Prospecting Licences. These confer explore in these areas for the existence of Minerals. the right to prospect for the discovery of minerals in Some of them are in the process of being explored specified areas. There are a number of such licences now ; others have been explored and Minerals dis- in existence, most of them extending up to the end of covered. (Continued in next issue) AFRICAN OPINION THE M/V LAKE BOSOMTWE ON HER MAIDEN VOYAGE TO THE PORT OF NEW YORK I OWNED BY: BLACK STAR LINE LTD. I I f

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