Index

A Bacillus subtilis (natto), 80, 97, 99–102, Absorption, distribution, metabolism and 104–107, 110 excretion (ADME) studies, 70 Bacteriophage, 65, 96, 98, 104–107, 112 Accumulation, 9, 10, 29, 48, 52, 63, 70 Basic fibroblast growth factor, 139 Acremonium sp., 98, 109 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 68 Adenylation domain, 33, 81 Biocompatibility, 72, 125, 132, 138, 143 Adjuvant, 130–132 Biodegradability, 2, 24, 30, 57, 72, 78, 79, ADME studies. See Absorption, distribution, 88, 109, 120, 123, 126, 127, 132, metabolism and excretion studies 138, 143, 156, 163 Aliphatic hydroxy-compound, 2, 12, 16–17 Biopolyamide, 83 S-(2-Aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC), 36, BIT. See 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 38, 64 Blood pressure, 160–161 Aminopeptidase, 46, 50, 51, 54, 56–58 Amphiphilic block copolymers, 125, C 126, 132 Amphiphilic graft copolymers, 125, 126 Ca absorption, 156–159, 166 Antibody, 78, 124–125, 131, 132 CapD, 96, 98, 101–103, 107, 109–112 Antidiabetic activity, 159–160 Cell adhesion, 73, 141, 143 Antifreeze activity, 162–163 Cell density-dependent production, Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), 130 15–16, 20 Antimicrobial activity, 2, 14, 19, 24, 30, 46, Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 68 48, 49, 52, 57, 62, 65, 67–69, 71, 73 Chemical shift, 4 Antiphage activity, 24, 65, 69 Chiral polymer, 18, 78 Aspartate pathway, 28, 63 Chitosan (CT), 135–139 Aspartokinase (Ask), 9, 28–30, 63 Chryseobacterium sp. OJ7, 48, 49, 51, 55 Cisplatin, 123 Citric acid cycle, 8, 15 B Clavicepamine, 5 Bacilli, 111 Conjugation, 26, 27, 124 Bacillus anthracis, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88, 95–98, CPC. See Cetylpyridinium chloride 100–103, 109–112 Cross-linked g-DL-PGA (CL-PGA), 98, 109 Bacillus licheniformis, 80, 82–85, 97, 98, CT. See Chitosan 101–103, 112 C-terminal esterification, 12, 15 Bacillus subtilis, 28, 29, 67–69, 80, 83–86, b-Cyclodextrin derivative, 17 96–112, 156 Cytotoxicity, 72, 73, 129, 138

169 170 Index

D H D-amino acid aminotransferase (DAT), 80, Heparinoid, 139, 141 85–86 HPLC analysis, 13, 47, 57 DDS. See Drug delivery systems Hydrogel, 78, 79, 88, 109, 135, 138–144, Dendritic cells (DCs), 130, 131 146, 163 Dental/Oral care, 159 Hydrophobically modified polymers, 126 D-glutamic acid (D-PGA), 78, 80, 82–86, 88, Hydrophobic interaction, 125, 126, 132 102 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), 100, I 103 Immune response, 130–132 Disinfectant, 65, 68 Ion-pair chromatogram, 12, 13 Disulfide-crosslinked hydrogel, 143 Ion-pair HPLC method, 12 Drug delivery system (DDS), 123, 125–138 Isopeptide linkage, 62

E L ECM. See Extracellular matrix Lariat-shaped poly-g-L-glutamic acid, 18–20 Edible hydrogel/capsule, 163 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 72, 131 Electrostatic interaction, 10, 67, 69, 136, Loop-structure, 100, 110, 111 137, 139 L-phenylalanine, 109, 126 Encapsulation, 84, 127–129 M Endotoxin, 2, 72–73 Endo-type hydrolase, 109, 112 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 5, 12, 16, Enhancing taste/flavor, 165 17, 20 Ergot fungus, 2, 3, 5, 63 Masking taste, 164–165 Exo-type hydrolase, 100, 101, 104, 109 MBCs. See Minimum bactericidal Extending unit, 40 concentrations Extracellular matrix (ECM), 141–143, 145 Membrane association, 88 Metabolic flux, 14, 15 Microbicidal activity, 65, 68–69 F Minimum bactericidal concentrations Fat absorption, 72 (MBCs), 68 Feedback-inhibition, 9, 29, 64 Minimum inhibitory concentrations Flavobacterium polyglutamicum, 95, 97, (MICs), 49, 51, 55–57, 65, 69 98, 103, 109 Myrothecium sp., 97, 98, 104, 108, 109 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 121, 122 Food applications, 61–73, 97, 155–166 N Food-borne pathogens, 71 N-acetyltransferase-like architecture, 87 Food industry, 66, 156, 163, 164 Nanoparticles, 108, 109, 125–138, 146 Food preservative, 2, 15, 24, 30, 48, 49, Natto, 80, 97, 99–102, 104–107, 110, 156, 157 57, 62, 70–71 Nitrosoguanidine treatment, 62 5-FU. See Fluorouracil Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), 30–33, 35, 40, 52, 58, 81–84 G Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 4, Galactosamine, 133, 134 16–18, 108, 127 Gene delivery, 72, 137, 138 Number average molecular weight, 3 Gene delivery carrier, 72 Number of lysine residue, 3 Generally recognized as safe (GRAS), 70 GGT. See g–Glutamyltranspeptidase O g-Glu-pNA, 100 Obesity, 72 Glutamic acid racemase (GLR), 80, 85, 86 g–Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), 96, 98–101, P 103, 109–112 g-PAB. See Poly-g-L-diaminobutanoic acid GRAS. See Generally recognized as safe Paclitaxel, 133, 134 Index 171

Pancreatic lipase, 2, 72 R pBBH4, 25, 26 Regenerative medicine, 139 PEG-mediated transformation, 26–27 PGA. See Poly-g-glutamic acid S PghP, 96, 98, 104–110, 112 Scaffold, 138–143 Pgs, 78, 86–88, 101, 102, 113 Screening, 2–6, 19, 20, 98 Pharmacokinetics, 70, 121, 123 Self-assembly, 126, 129 Phloridzin, 123–124 Self-protection, 46, 49, 55–58 Physical properties modifying function, Skin care, 79, 161 156, 162–164 Sphingobacterium multivorum OJ10, 49–51, Physiological function, 96, 112, 156–162 54, 55 PIC. See Polyion complex Stereochemistry, 78, 80, 82–85, 96, 107–109, PLA. See Poly(lactide) 112 pLAE001, 26–27 Streptomyces albulus, 2–4, 25, 29, 46, 49, pLAE003, 26, 27, 30 52–58, 62–66 e-PL-degrading enzyme, 4, 10, 14, 31, 40, Streptomyces albulus 410 (S410, mutant), 64, 66 46, 48–58 Streptomyces albulus 11011A (mutant), 66 pld gene, 46, 55–58 Streptomyces albulus NBRC14147, 2, 6, e-PL hydrolase activity, 2, 11 24–32, 38, 40, 63 Pls, 25, 31–42, 58 Streptomyces aureofaciens USE-82, 6, 14–15 e-PL-tolerant bacterium, 46, 49, 57 Streptomyces lydicus USE-11, 6, 14 pNO33, 25–27 Streptomyces sp. USE-51, 6–9, 12, 13 Poly(lactide) (PLA), 132–134 Polydispersity index, 3, 14 T Poly-e-L-lysine (e-PL), 1–20, 23–42, 45–58, Taste perception modifying function, 156, 61–73, 82, 87 164–166 Poly-g-D-glutamic acid, 80 Thiolation domain, 33 Poly-g-DL-glutamic acid (g-DL-PGA), Tissue-engineering, 120, 138–143 80, 96–109 Toll-like receptor, 131 Poly-g-glutamic acid (g-PGA), 3, 20, 30, Transmembrane domain, 33, 40 33, 42, 62, 77–88, 95–113, 119–146, Two-generation reproduction study, 69 155–166 Two-stage culture method, 4–6, 10, 12, 15 Poly-g-L-diaminobutanoic acid (g-PAB), 18–19 U Poly-g-L-glutamic acid, 18–20, 81, 156 The US Food and Drug Administration, 70 Polyion complex (PIC), 17, 20, 135–138 Polymer–drug conjugates, 120–122 V Priming unit, 40 Vaccine, 127, 130–132 Protamine, 67, 72 Protein complex, 84 W Protoplast, 25–27 Weight average molecular weight, 3