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PERMIAN SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS in SOUTHEASTERN Arizonal/ by William C

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71 Arizona Geological Society Digest, Volume IX, December 1971 PERMIAN SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONAl/ by William C. Butler Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona INTRODUCTION This paper synthesizes work on Permian depositional environments of southeastern Arizona and is an outgrowth of the author's Mas ter of Science thesis (Butler, 1969) that describes a 2,500-foot Permian stratigraphic section in the Empire Mountains of Pima County, Arizona. Permian outcrops of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province in southeastern Arizona are commonly faulted, intruded, and incomplete. Though outcrops are unknown in the portions of Maricopa, Pinal, Graham, Gila, and Greenlee counties shown in the following maps, data are interpolated into them from information available to the north and south. DISCUSSION The Permian stratigraphic section in southeastern Arizona (Bryant, 1968, p. 38- 42) from bottom to top is as follows: the Earp Formation (Virgil to Wolfcamp); the Colina Limestone (Late Wo lfca m~? to Early Leonard?); the Epitaph Do l omite (probable l ower Leonard); the Scherrer Formation (Early to Middle Leonard); the Concha Limestone; and the Rainva lley Formation. Species of Para­ fusulina, indicative of Leonardian or early Guadalupian age ----­ (Sabins and Ross, 1963, p . 363; Ross and Tyrrell, 1965, p . 618), are commonly found a few tens of feet below the Concha-Rainvalley contact. A lithistid sponge, Actinocoelia meandrina Finks, is recognized in the l ower part of the Concha Limestone in south­ eastern Arizona (Bryant, 1968, ~. 41; Butler, 1969, p. 47). According to Finks (1960, p. 17), this sponge occurs in higher beds of Leonard age. Therefore, based upon sponge and fusulinid studies and stratigraphic position, the author woul d concur with Bryant and McClymonds' previous interpretation (1961, p. 1330) that the Concha Limestone warrants an age assignment of Leonard and Guada lupe (?). All formational contacts are apparently conformable ex­ cept the top of the Rainvalley which may represent an upper Permian, Triassic (?), and Jurassic lacuna in th.e sedimentary record. Although the Permian stage boundaries in southeastern Arizona are not yet firmly established, it is hoped that t he abundant conodont fauna recovered by the author from the Colina, Epitaph, Scherrer, Concha, and Rainvalley formations will lead to better biostratigraphic control. l / Contribution No. 30, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona . ~ I\) ' ......' i \ . I !---\, \' #/ \ ! '..:! /' (=-·~'~ C~_: 0~_'~-~ __ I. ~- ---- I 'be ,.. State line ----- ........ ,..1 ........ ( ........ I /1- Cou nty line i l" Permian outcrop " ';;'-' 1. C C'~IIT'y \~ 'I ''\. " .-·f' J \. rr-· __ -2500_ jGR£E ' k [~, J "Y; a- Well \ r ,../ ........ \ " ' \. ,'/ t ,// "" \. "\ i "'/ "'.,, 10 o 10 20 30 -'10 ) " '. t\ / , '\ '. ' miles I i '\ '.r', I \ I i _JOOO \ ( j- --\---, / //" ~", \ ~\ :0 \ i N I / " \ \ ~ ! l,! \ I I / \ \) Olx \ - I , '1AL (our.TV I / \ \l ~ i W -:'--=~-.---- - ------- ----- - - ; c-",~, ;-- -- t ____ ./.::-:::J~~~~A~ '--C :' o:'\--------~~:,~~j~ \, __ i } -.......... /1 / C ~ L " I SE cou ·rv \ \!w , __ , '-,Coo_ '/ \ \ \, i Z i ~-­ I I \ \ i-___! '--­ '-'''00-.., I I \ i -------t 1,.<5"\ ~: !---- ____ , \ ~ ~ , ',---- :.... -- ", :- , - ...... ,e>q, " , I . ! ____ , i '-- .\ " \ ' 1'~/ /' ~:,l----~--- '-i---,ii \ \ , ,. ~ [ i " , ' . (/---" '1-,,- -- \ \ r-----\--~-\---- ---.,:~:.;~ \ .~---+~ \\ \ i '. \ i • " ~\\ - , I " • v'b ,_l~::;~;~Acl CO CN~. " ' '\ 0 H ,OAL ('O CO'J N TY "-'\-, -- --------- ----. "'e__ ::"\ ____ ____" "' _______~ __ ~:,' __ i \ , " '-- 'h C S l f lrR. 1%" Figure l.--Rest ored Permian Isopach Map . Co ntour Interva l 500 feet. Contour Lines Dashed Where Inferred. 73 o o -=:t rl <0 > H Q) +> C H g +> C o U P­ <0 ~ .c tl <0 P­ o en H '0 H <0 C o Q) ...:1 '0 Q) H o +> en Q) 0:: I I C\J EARP FORMATION Epeiric seas withdrawing intermittently duri ng Virgilian and early Wo lfcamp i an times coincide with increased continental erosion and t he deposition of clastic sediments of the Earp For ma tion parallel t o the Pedregosa Basin axis . Figure 3 is an isopach map of the Earp Formation and indicates that the thickest accumul ati on of Earp deposits is in east- central t o northea s t Cochise County. These deposits are mos tly carb.onates in contrast to a de ltaic t ongue (Lodewick, 1970, p. 8) composed of mostl y silt- sized clastics extending from northern Pima t o southern Cochise County (Figure 4). Streams transported terrigenous material down the pa l eoslope from the genera l vicinity of the Naco Hi ghlands (Figure 5) in approximately southern Gila County (Rea and Bryant, 1968, p. 809) t o the delta and associated tidal flats in the southeast . Bryant (oral communication) believes considerable erosion was taking pl ace in approximately northern Pinal County and west Df Winke l man and Superior a nd in central Graham Count y wh ere Cenozoic r ocks now unconformably overlie Precambrian rocks . The correctness of this idea is reinforced by Figures 3 and 4, which indica te that at least one c onspicuous s ource of Earp clastics was near central Pinal County. Detailed stratigraphic sections of the Ea rp Formati on made by Lodew ick (1970) and Micklin (1969) reveal the following mostl y intertidal faunal association for the Virgil and Wo lfcamp stages within the unrestricted basin: ostracods, a lgae, echinoids, f oraminifera, crinoids, pelecypods, gastropods, brachiopods mostly of the spiriferid group, worms (?), ten genera of fusulinids, and five genera of conodonts. Rarer occurrences of syringoporid and rugose corals and bryozoans were also noted in this biofacies. COLINA LIMESTONE AND EPITAPH DOLOMITE Foll owing Earp deposition, a marine transgression from the south resulted in the deposition of the Colina and Epitaph formations (Figure 6). Although the Colina-Epitaph interval is assigned to the thickest accumulation of basin fill, the embayment was shallow during the Colina-Epitaph transgression. The northern cra t onic s ource areas were essentially eroded dow n to near base level, except perhaps in southern Maricopa County, and only very fine-grain detritus was being supplied. Mild tectonic activity is recognized in the area referred t o a s the Burro Uplift during this transgression. However, rather than acting as a significant s ource a rea , the uplift was merel y a barrier t o sedimentation. Pa leomagnetic evidence strongly suggests that southern Arizona was !l;e ographica11y within ten degrees north or south of the equator during the Permian period (DuBois, 1964, p. 43; Nairn, 1964, p . 555 and 557; Dietz and Holden, 1970, p . 34) . Perhaps both the Burro Uplift and the Florida Islands were similar to the mangrove islands, cays, or shoa ls observed t oday in tropical areas. During Colina and Epitaph time, a seaway extended north to the Holbrook Basin, which is sometimes referred t o as the East­ Central Arizona Basin (McKee , 1967, p . 204 ). This seaway was constricted by 1) the Burro Uplift at the juxtaposition of Graham , Cochise, and Hidalgo (New Mex ico ) counties, a nd 2) by a sha llow platform to the west . Intercalated dol om ite and gypsum (Figure 7) f or med in both the Holbrook and Pedregosa basins as a consequence of the shallow water, the high rate of evaporation, and the j •• .... t \. 1 \ 1"-+--800-- I ;' '.1 I ~---' i , .~~~~~~_ ~~~_~T.~.J'). / .-._.J ! /- State line ___ ,200;- / '. II .___ .I·.J-..'" _---_ ! \ • ./ \ 1 ..... - <ftt, I \ /'- County IIn'e I /"" / ''/ ....... I \.\ ! «)f$)--/ )./ ! // ...... , ! 'tb .. Permian outcrop .--=:::::-::i ,,/ \ GILA COUNTY \ / i,', ./' \, .r:- I ___ ! , ~ tPJ ~ -.... .........lrr-.... rr"" ! / "",- ~ ...... , ! G AEE N~E COUN " o-Well ----_-- ,/;/ , '. '. \. rf IiI // / .... ...... , \, '. " , :I - ~ /~ -I / . / ...... '. ,,! 10 o 10 20 Xl 40 fJ1l.... /! I ...... --'~ " '. " i _---- / I! / /' ' ..... , " '.;. miles --- I I I I / ........ "'....... ,' !', / I i I I ~---..... " t<- i--~- - I I / / '..........', :0 ' I .00--- / ~ ~.~, N _---- , I I A I I ,.-_, " ' ! ,~!~ ~ , ] / 1 I i I : 1 ..... , ',', i 01'->< '_._,--.., , PINAL COU NTY I ' I \ \ ...... , " 1 ~il1). , L__ - - ------ '-- -.- -'----T---'----~--------+-----'---r4 I " "" a:,}:' " PIMA C OUNTY \ i \ ',GIU.~AM COU N T"', " ~~i', '\ i " \ \ \ 'C-'-'\"~-----,,,~~~~~~~ "-';'-~,,-""~ ", ~ t \ !', ....... ,',', " """\', 'jZ" " i'\ -"~ '-, !1 '~\~"" ",', "10' " ','~, ", \ ,!! " \ , I " , \ i',: ' , I , , , I .10 ~'1L'l\\ \ 1"' \ \\ \) .......... ~<J--1 \ \ ~ ~ !", " : \ \ 1\ ~ -- - ...... ..... 0 ' " 'lb \ \ i \ !\ " , \I " Ii~ '-- -", \ \' 1 \ .. ~ -..........! I \ -_-j \ \ I L.\ __ , I I , I r---r-------/ / i ,f 1 " j" "'-- ./ \ 1 i \ 0' "M: --~"'l...".i~ ----, I i J.~ooo- 1 I" ~ .. -.-- __ _ ls~-~;""-C . U I COU NT "! • 1 " i ~... eoo ~.~-- - -.­ _ .. ____ .. i. \ \ w c au TLER. 1969 Fi gure 3 .--Isopach Map of the Earp Formation. Contour Interval ....;j 200 feet. Vl -'l 0\ ·.... t \. ! i I '. ~~ . ...: i , .~~~~c:~~~. 2:~~_~T.:" . _\ .-._.J i /- State line l '. ,.f-'~ ! i '. r ! 1/- County line I '. I I i \ \ i It- Permian outcrop .-- -----.. \\ GIL A COUNT'!' .--1.) i \ r",J i iGRE£NI..EE COUNTY o- Well \ rF i t. i \ 'J~ i \ l ! \, i 10 o 10 20 30 40 I '. I miles i \r\ 1 ! -:~. r----l '\ ! : q:i O ' N " I ' Z:'=! I " ,i i O!x '-- - -- -..., ___ __ I i -' --- - - - - - - - -'- . - - - - - . -----.- - - -; ~~~~~;-~"~L - -.-------. _____ ~_~~~M._:~U_~~~_._ . _. .~~,~j! i " " 1\ , \ COC H I SE COU NTY I ~ Z i " ' i \ \ \ i , i + ...
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