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English Studies Roskilde University Fall Semester 2016 Ideologies regarding romantic relationships in Wes Anderson’s Moonrise Kingdom and The Royal Tenenbaums English Studies Roskilde University Fall Semester 2016 Vaitza Papakonstantinou student no. 51668 Andreea -Constanta Rata student no. 52267 Anna Maria Oikonomou student no. 52401 Supervisor: Kimberly Chopin Character count: 83 885 Written in English ABSTRACT The following paper is concerned with the ideological views and representations in connection with romantic relationships in the Moonrise Kingdom and The Royal Tenenbaums, two films directed by Wes Anderson. The project discloses the ways in which conformity and deviance from normalised behaviours shape and/or determine the presentation of these relationships. The theories of ideology and representation presented by Stuart Hall allows for a cultural discussion regarding the protagonists’ behaviours in relation to their romantic relationships. In connection to this, the methodological tools presented by James Paul Gee help take into consideration details in regards to the speaker’s speech, body language and context. The analysis of the chosen scenes is concerned with love, family, gender as well as with the concepts of the ‘Other’ and that of normality. ABSTRAKT Denne opgave fokusere på de ideologiske opfattelser og repræsentationer i forbindelse med romantiske forholde i filmene Moonrise Kingdom og The Royal Tenenbaums, som var instrueret af Wes Anderson. Opgaven fremhæver måder, hvor overensstemmelser og afvigelse fra normal adfærd, bestemmer fremstillingen af disse forholde. Stuart Hall’s teorier angående ideologi og repræsentation starter et kulturel diskussion, i forhold til hovedpersonernes adfærd i deres romantisk forhold. De metodologiske redskaber som er præsenteret af James Paul Gee assistere analysen angående talerens sprog, kropssprog og kontext. Analysen af de valgte scener sætter fokus på kærlighed, familie og køn og samtidig koncepterne som det ‘Andet’ og normalitet. Key words ideology, representation, romantic relationships, Wes Anderson, Moonrise Kingdom, The Royal Tenenbaums, norms, love, childhood, family 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Plot and reception of Moonrise Kingdom (2012) ............................................................................... 5 Plot and reception of The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) ......................................................................... 6 THEORY ................................................................................................................................................... 7 IDEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Definition of Ideology ..................................................................................................................... 8 Ideology as a Theory ....................................................................................................................... 9 REPRESENTATION ............................................................................................................................. 11 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 14 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Ideology regarding age and behaviour ............................................................................................. 17 Ideology regarding love .................................................................................................................... 21 Ideology regarding gender ................................................................................................................ 28 The ‘Other’ in Moonrise Kingdom .................................................................................................... 32 ‘Normality’ in The Royal Tenenbaums .............................................................................................. 36 Limitations and further research .......................................................................................................... 39 Discussion.............................................................................................................................................. 39 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 43 2 INTRODUCTION The present paper investigates how ideologies of love, age, and gender in connection to romantic relationships are portrayed in two of Wes Anderson’s films: Moonrise Kingdom and The Royal Tenenbaums, and how representations of ‘normality’ and ‘Otherness’ appear to be predominant elements in each film respectively. Wesley Wales Anderson, also known as Wes Anderson, is an acclaimed film director, screenwriter, and producer who is famous for his distinctive filmmaking style since he chooses to present visual and narrative realities in unique ways (Los Angeles Times, 2016). Moonrise Kingdom and The Royal Tenenbaums have been chosen mainly due to Anderson’s role as both the director and screenwriter in the two projects since this can give us a better overview of how he has envisioned the story and images come into life. The scripts of the films were co-written by Roman Coppola and Owen Wilson correspondingly. We were initially interested in the films due to the ways in which the characters involved in romantic relationships are portrayed, seemingly expressionless and taciturn, and how ideological struggles influence and guide their lives. Moonrise Kingdom is concerned with the romantic involvement of Sam and Suzy, two children in their early teenage years, while The Royal Tenenbaums deals with the secret love between Richie and Margot, two children brought up in the same family. The two films reflect the nature of Anderson’s works, which can be characterised dramatic and comic with witty dialogues, coloured by melancholy. The choice of setting, dialogue and music are considered important aspects since the analysis has revealed that they can be used to establish the overall atmosphere of a scene, as well as to contribute to meanings conveyed through verbal and nonverbal communication. Since the films are a realm of dialogue, body movements, music, and all have the same level of relevance in the final composition, discourse analysis appears to represent the most appropriate method for this project’s analysis. We have chosen James Paul Gee’s methodological approach, as his division of twenty-seven tools appears to cover all the important aspects in what is considered to be a ‘Discourse’. These tools of inquiry help to 3 unravel the ways in which speech and setting connect to the depiction of the characters and the relationships developed between them. The process of analysis began by applying these tools in order to investigate the possible patterns and themes of the films. By performing a preliminary analysis, we initially looked into how the choice of the methodology can help reveal interesting aspects of the protagonists’ relationships. We came to uncover the ways in which children adopt and reproduce behaviours that can be characterised as normalised or non-normalised for their age group. As it will be further explained in the analysis, Sam and Suzy, the couple presented in Moonrise Kingdom, appear to possess characteristics and to behave in ways that imitate the ones of adults. In The Royal Tenenbaums, Margot and Richie experience a type of love that is not considered to be ‘normal’, which they keep in secrecy, possibly in order not to come into conflict with society’s ideologies. The preliminary analysis is also what directed us towards the theoretical framework of this project work. Stuart Hall’s theories of ideology and representation contribute to the understanding of the ways in which romantic relationships connect to ideological views and stereotypes. Through the process of creating boxes and categories, the concept of the ‘Other’ is born and the idea of ‘normality’ emerges. Within the films, the characters do not comply with the rules and are at the same time constrained by them, which presents an image that combines a sense of social conformity and the characters’ actions of deformation. All the aforementioned elements contribute to how the romantic relationships are portrayed, which is the focus of this project and has led to the following problem formulation: How are ideologies of love, age, and gender in connection to the romantic relationships reflected in Wes Anderson’s films Moonrise Kingdom and The Royal Tenenbaums? In order to establish a coherent image of the films and their analysis, we have decided to present a short summary of the stories and a brief reception for each of them. 4 Plot and reception of Moonrise Kingdom (2012) The film tells the story of Suzy and Sam, a young couple of twelve-year-olds, who fall in love and run away to pursue an adventure of their own. Throughout their attempt, however, the members of Sam’s scout camp and Suzy’s parents have initiated a search to find them. The story takes
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