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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandardmargins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 3 00 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9427740 The relationship between women’s self-efficacy expectations and career decision status at the college level in Korea Lee, Ji-Yeon, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN’S SELF-EFFICACY EXPECTATIONS AND CAREER DECISION STATUS AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL IN KOREA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ji-Yeon Lee, B.A.,M.Ed. 1994 Committee: Dewey A. Adams Approved by J. Robert Warmbrod (2. (U hsrtU L/ Samuel H, Osipow .dviser Vocational Education, Comprehensive Program To my husband, Yong Bok, and my family ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As finishing this dissertation, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Dewey A. Adams for his support throughout my Ph.D. program. Also I owe a debt to the other members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Samuel H. Osipow and Dr. J. Robert Warmbrod for excellent guidance and assistance. Without them, I could not haVe completed this dissertation. They worked closely and patiently with me from the beginning to the implementation of this study. I also express my appreciation to everyone who has helped, supported and assisted this study, especially to the participants of this study. I wish to express special thanks to my parents and my other family members for their invaluable love and understanding during all of my study at the Ohio State University. I also thanks my husband, Yong Bok, and my son, Benjamin, for their incredible understanding, compassion, and contribution. Finally, sincere thanks go to my Lord. VITA September 7, 1964 ..........................................................Bom-Seoul, Korea 1983 - 1987 ......................................................................B.S. in Korean Literature, Sungkunkwan Univ., Seoul, Korea 1987 - 1989 ......................................................................ffiMj Korea 1988 - 1990 ..................................................................... M.ED. in Korean Language Education, Sungkunkwan Univ., Seoul, Korea FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Vocational Education Dr. Dewey A. Adams Studies in Vocational Psychology Dr. Samuel H. Osipow Studies in Research and Statistics Dr. J. Robert Warmbrod TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...............................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............. iii VITA ............................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1 Need for the Study ...................................................................................... 3 Problem Statement .......................................................................................... 6 Purpose and Research Questions ................................................................... 8 Research Hypotheses ....................................................................................11 Definition of Term s........................................................................................ 12 Basic Assumptions of Self-Efficacy Theory................................................. 14 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................... 15 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......................................................................... 16 Theories of Career Development and Career Indecision ..........................17 The State of Knowledge about Career Indecision and the Career Decision Scale (CDS) .................................................................20 Social Learning Theory ............................................................................. 26 Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory ................................................................... 32 Hackett and Betz’s Self-Efficacy Theory......................................................34 Task-Specific Career Self-Efficacy Research ...............................................35 The Career Development of Women ......................................................... 38 Explanation of Figure-1................................................................................. 45 v III. METHODOLOGY 49 Population and Sample ................................................................................. 49 Research Design ................................................ 51 Instrumentation ............................................................................................... 51 Variables ........................................................................................................ 55 Data Collection ............................................................................................... 58 Data Analysis ....................................... 58 IV. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................. 61 Descriptive Data for Sample ........................................................................ 73 Data Analysis ................................................................................................105 The First Question and Results ..................................................................106 The Second Question and Results ............................................................. 133 The Third Question and Results ............................................................. 158 The Fourth Question and Results ............................................................. 190 The Fifth Question and Results ....................................................... 218 V. SUMMARY, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . .............. 244 Limitations of the study............................................................................... 246 Sampling.............................................................. 247 Instrument ....................................................................................................247 Variables ...................................................................................................... 247 Data analysis..................................................................................................248 Summary of findings ....................................................................................249 Discussion of findings ..................................................................................266 Recommendations ........................................................................................ 271 APPENDICES .........................................................................................................274 A. Career Decision Scale (CD S).......................................................... 275 B. Task-Specific Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale (TSOSS) ................................................................................. 277 C. Selective Background Characteristics Questionnaire ........................282 REFERENCES 287 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Categorization of Extraneous Variables Based on the Social Learning Theory .................................................................................................................... 31 2. Nature of School...................................................................................................63 3. Total Number of Sample by University .......................................................... 63 4. Age by University .................................................................................................74 5. Grade Level by University .................................................................................76