Canadian Publication Mail Contract - 40070050 $3.00
VOLUME 31, ISSUE 9 OCTOBER 2004
■■ PuttingPutting HighHigh ResolutionResolution AeromagneticAeromagnetic DataData inin PerspectivePerspective
■■ VolunteerVolunteer withwith thethe EdmontonEdmonton ScienceScience OutreachOutreach NetworkNetwork
■■ EnrichmentEnrichment FactorsFactors ofof thethe QinshuiQinshui CoalCoal BedBed MethaneMethane ReservoirReservoir inin ChinaChina
■■ 20042004 HonoraryHonorary Address:Address: VolcanoesVolcanoes ofof thethe DeepDeep SeaSea
SpecialSpecialCSPGCSPG EducationalEducationalTrustFeature:TrustFeature: FundFund
CSPG OFFICE #160, 540 - 5th Avenue SW Calgary,Alberta, Canada T2P 0M2 Tel: 403-264-5610 Fax: 403-264-5898 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cspg.org Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 4:00pm CONTENTS Business Manager:Tim Howard Email: [email protected] Office Manager: Deanna Watkins Email: [email protected] Communications Manager: Jaimè Croft ARTICLES Email: [email protected] Conventions Manager: Lori Humphrey-Clements Email: [email protected] SPECIAL FEATURE: CSPG EDUCATIONAL TRUST FUND ...... CENTRE Corporate Relations Manager: Kim MacLean Email: [email protected] PUTTING HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC DATA IN PERSPECTIVE . . . . 26 VOLUNTEER WITH THE EDMONTON SCIENCE OUTREACH NETWORK . . . . 29 EDITORS/AUTHORS ENRICHMENT FACTORS OF THE QINSHUI COAL BED Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office. Submission deadline is the 23rd day of METHANE RESERVOIR IN CHINA ...... 30 the month, two months prior to issue date. (e.g., January 23 for the March issue). 2004 HONORARY ADDRESS: VOLCANOES OF THE DEEP SEA ...... 34
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COORDINATING EDITOR & OPERATIONS NEW MEMBER LIST ...... 7 Jaimè Croft TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS ...... 10 CSPG Tel: 403-264-5610 Fax: 403-264-5898 DIVISION TALKS ...... 14 Email: [email protected] JACK PORTER: VIGNETTES OF CANADIAN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ...... 23 TECHNICAL EDITOR Ben McKenzie ROCK SHOP ...... 25 GEOCAN Energy Inc. Tel: 403-261-3851 Email: [email protected]
ADVERTISING Kim MacLean Corporate Relations, CSPG Tel: 403-264-5610, Ext 205 Email: [email protected]
Advertising inquiries should be directed to Kim MacLean. The deadline to reserve advertising space is the 23th day of the month, two months prior to issue date. All advertising artwork should be sent directly to Kim MacLean.
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Design & Layout by Sundog Printing. FRONT COVER Printed in Canada by Sundog Printing. Victor Bay,Northern Baffin Island, Nunavut – Sea ice fills Victor Bay,a favourite camping location for families from the nearby Inuit hamlet of Arctic Bay. Red strata in the foreground and across the bay are the Cambrian Gallery Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available Formation, which unconformably overlies Mesoproterozoic strata of the Borden Basin. This location, site of the at the CSPG office for $3.00. annual Nunavut Midnight Sun Marathon, is 30 km from the former Nanisivik minesite. Photo by Elizabeth Turner.
3
EXECUTIVE COMMENT
A MESSAGE FROM THE ASSISTANT SERVICE DIRECTOR PRESIDENT Craig Lamb our technical and volunteer winners have not Husky Energy diminished. In 2005, we will move away from Tel: 750-1499 Fax: 750-4999 the Awards Dinner format and we will present [email protected] all of our awards at Technical Luncheons throughout the first six months of the year. VICE PRESIDENT Jeff Packard On behalf of the Society I would like to Burlington Resources Canada thank Douglas Carsted for over ten years of Tel: 260-8041 Fax: 269-8285 commitment to the Annual Awards Dinner [email protected] and the CSPG. PAST PRESIDENT The CSPG is a technical society driven by In the September Reservoir, Debbie John Hogg EnCana Corporation volunteers. We, as a society, try to recognize Horbachewski - Awards Coordinator, wrote Tel: 645-2533 Fax: 645-2453 our members for both their technical and an article on the many different Technical and [email protected] volunteer achievements and in 2005 we would Volunteer Awards the Society offers. If you like to better showcase our award winners. missed that article, here are the highlights: FINANCE DIRECTOR Pauline Chung For decades the majority of the CSPG awards VOLUNTEER AWARDS Burlington Resources Canada were presented at an Annual Awards Dinner.In Volunteer Tel: 260-1713 Fax: 260-1160 its prime, this formal evening was the event of For those who have served at least two years on a [email protected] the year. Crowds of members came to see committee demonstrating their commitment to their peers & mentors receive CSPG awards the needs of the society ASSISTANT FINANCE DIRECTOR recognizing their technical prowess and Allan Schink volunteer commitments. Unfortunately, times Service Berland Exploration have changed. Most of us these days have more For those who have demonstrated significant Tel: 770-2002 Fax: 770-2051 demanding personal and professional service to the society through their volunteer [email protected] schedules and the CSPG Awards Dinner is no work, commonly at a committee chair level longer a priority.However,the achievements of (Continued on Page 10...) PROGRAM DIRECTOR Lavern Stasiuk GSC – Calgary Tel: 292-7000 [email protected] ATION ASSISTANT PROGRAM DIRECTOR OPER Your Mission: Doug Hamilton EnCana Corporation CON ¥ Make better decisions Tel: 290-3193 Fax: 290-3129 RE from superior data [email protected] ¥ Improve efficiency, save SERVICE DIRECTOR money with faster logging Wayne Dwyer speeds Anadarko Canada Tel: 231-0339 ¥ Get dependable results [email protected] from experienced people
ASSISTANT SERVICE DIRECTOR Astrid Arts ConocoPhillips Canada Highest Sample Rate Tel: 233-3049 Fax: 233-5401 [email protected] in the industry. COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR Ashton Embry GSC - Calgary Call: 51-RECON 517-3266 Tel: 292-7125 Fax: 292-4961 [email protected] for Open Hole Logging.
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5 CONTOURING CROSS SECTIONS MAPPING OPTIONS CROSS PLOTS DECLINE CURVES Faulted contours Digital and/or Rastor Bubble maps Log crossplots Compute EUR, RR, etc. Isopachs Geocolumn shading Production charts “Z” crossplots Hyperbolic or exp. Volumetrics Multiple rasters/well Log curves Lithologies to facies Rate/Time or Cum P/Z Grid operations Stratigraphic/Structural Posted data Pickett plots User defined Econ. Limit New flexing options Shade between crossover Highlighted Symbols Regression curves User defined Extrap. Time Dipmeter data User defined overlays
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® THERE IS A DIFFERENCE PETRA THE CSPG GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES ITS NEW MEMBER LIST *CORPORATE MEMBERS:
Adetokunbo Adebayo Core Laboratories Canada Joanne C. MacDonald Imperial Oil Resources ABU DHABI OIL CO., LTD. (JAPAN) Mazin Al-Hussaini Glen S. MacIntosh Cabra Consulting ARCHEAN ENERGY LTD. Michele Asgar-Deen Carleton University Pam Mageau Husky Energy Inc. BAKER ATLAS Attila Balog Baker Atlas Blair W. Mattison Petro-Canada Oil And Gas BURLINGTON RESOURCES CANADA LTD. Kerrie L. Bann University Of Alberta William J. McDougall Obann Resources Ltd. BG CANADA EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION, INC. Diego Barrenechea AJM Petroleum Consultants Erin McNichol Penn West Petroleum Ltd. BP CANADA ENERGY COMPANY Andrew P. Beaton Alberta Geological Survey Andrew McWilliams Trident Exploration Corp. CALPINE CANADA Stephen Bedell EOG Resources Canada Inc. K.I. (Ken) Mitchell KA Projects CANADIAN FOREST OIL LTD. Shane J. Berkowsky ConocoPhillips Canada Limited Katherine M. Mitsch Penn West Petroleum Ltd.
CONOCOPHILLIPS CANADA Lawrence M. Bernstein Talisman Energy Canada Colin K.J. Morancy University Of Calgary
CORE LABORATORIES CANADA LTD. Aaron S. Bonk Continental Rocktell Services James Muraro Darcy Energy Corp.
DEVON CANADA CORPORATION Monty L. Bowers Capitol Energy Resources Ltd. Michael T. Murphy University Of Calgary
DOMINION EXPLORATION CANADA LTD. Mark F. Bowman Associated Mining Consultants Ltd. Aleksandra Naczk-Cameron Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Karen Brawley-Hogg Tripoint Energy Ltd. Megan D. Namespetra Talisman Energy Canada DUVERNAY OIL CORP. Colleen M. Bridge Husky Energy Inc. Pamela D. Navickas Rakhit Petroleum Consulting Ltd. ECL CANADA Heather K. Campbell Penn West Petroleum Ltd. Sadafumi Neo Hidaka-City, HUNT OIL COMPANY OF CANADA, INC. Matthew M. Caton Choctaw Geological Resources Charlotte A. Newton-Stroppel Duke Energy HUSKY ENERGY Enterprise Pat I. Okaro ConocoPhillips Canada Limited IHS ENERGY Eva V. Choi Harold Oppelt Anadarko Canada Corporation Ian J. Cockerill Hunt Oil Company Of Canada, Inc. IMPERIAL OIL RESOURCES LIMITED Gregory J. Parry Response Energy Corp LARIO OIL & GAS COMPANY Erin Cowell Alberta Energy And Utilities Board Robert M. Paul Norwest Labs - Energy Resources Group MJ SYSTEMS Martin D.F. Dearlove BG Group PLC April D. Read Nexen Inc. MURPHY OIL COMPANY LTD. Dieter J. Deines Burlington Resources Canada Ltd. Michael M. Reese Baker Hughes INTEQ NCE RESOURCES GROUP INC. Muftah S. El Gadi Petrobasin Carbonate Consulting G. J. Reid Manor House Venture partners NEXEN INC. Daniel Fargo OMNI Laboratories Inc Sami Riahi University Of Calgary NORTHROCK RESOURCES LTD. Rick D. Filafilo Encana Corporation James D. Scott Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. PENN WEST PETROLEUM LTD. Peter Fridrich BlackRock Ventures Inc. Christine C.L See HEF Petrophysical Consulting Inc. Barrie L. Furlong University Of Calgary PETRO-CANADA OIL AND GAS Wendy L. Straatmann Dominion Ron A. Gardiner Keeper Resources Inc. REEVES WIRELINE Paul J. Teniere Rakhit Petroleum Consulting Ltd. Aymen Giobran Continental Laboratories (1985) Ltd. SAMSON CANADA Craig Therens Precision Wireline Technologies Vida E. Glaser Terra Quest SHELL CANADA LIMITED Robert Theriault Ministere des Resources Naturelles Geoff Harding Norwest Corporation SPROULE ASSOCIATES LIMITED Michael J. Tinkler Husky Energy Inc. Bryan C. Hartall SUNCOR ENERGY INC. Jillian L. Tofer Robert B. Hiseler Klabzuba Oil and Gas TALISMAN ENERGY INC. Genevieve M. Verbruggen New Century Petroleum Michael Hrudey Shell Canada Limited Corporation TOTAL E&P CANADA LIMITED Craig B. Johns Trident Exploration Corp. Ian B. Weitz Encana Corporation UPTON RESOURCES INC. David D. Johnson Husky Energy Inc. Kara L. Wight Encana Corporation Chantel D. Kehoe Serpa Petroleum Consulting Ltd. Barry J. Wihak Golden Horizon Exploration Inc. *CORPORATE MEMBERS AS OF Peter W. Kellner Trican Well Service Tatiana Zouenko Devon Canada Corporation AUGUST 24, 2004 Patricia E. Lavery Core Laboratories Canada Jennifer L. Zwarich Alberta Energy And Utilities Board John Lefebure Husky Energy Inc. Hugh Loney AJM Petroleum Consultants Geoff R. MacDonald Encana Corporation
7
TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS OCTOBER LUNCHEON
The history of dinosaur hunting Canadian Dinosaur Rush” (1911-1925), when million years ago. But did they really die out? It in western Canada, a perspective more than 300 skeletons found their way into is now widely accepted that more than 8,000 on the eve of the centenaries of the displays of museums around the World. species are alive today.We call them birds. Alberta,Albertosaurus, and After a long period of inactivity, a renaissance Tyrannosaurus Rex of interest in dinosaurs led to the BIOGRAPHY establishment in 1985 of the Royal Tyrrell Philip J. Currie, Curator of Dinosaurs (Royal Tyrrell SPEAKER Museum of Palaeontology in the badlands at Museum of Palaeontology) and Adjunct Associate Philip J. Currie Drumheller. Professor (University of Calgary). B.Sc. (Toronto, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 1972), M.Sc. (McGill, 1975), Ph.D. (McGill, 1981), The Alberta badlands have long been one of Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1999) and 11:30 am the richest dinosaur-producing areas in the a member of the Explores Club (2001). As a Tuesday, October 12, 2004 world, and continue to produce half-a-dozen researcher at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of new skeletons every year, some of which Palaeontology (Drumheller), he has published 75 TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE represent new species. But intensive, scientific articles, 85 popular articles, and eleven CALGARY, ALBERTA multidisciplinary studies have also revealed books, focussing on the growth and variation of new aspects of dinosaurian biology. Some extinct reptiles, the anatomy and relationships of Please note: bonebeds are the remnants of mass deaths of carnivorous dinosaurs, and the origin of birds. The cut-off date for ticket sales is herds of duckbilled and horned dinosaurs, Fieldwork connected with his research has been 1:00 pm,Thursday, October 7th. migrating seasonally between Alberta and concentrated in Alberta, Argentina, British Ticket price is $28.00 + G.S.T. Alaska. Eggs and nests have been recovered Columbia, China, the Arctic, and Antarctica. He from sites in southern Alberta that probably received the Sir Frederick Haultain Award (for The first dinosaurs were discovered in represent communal nesting grounds. significant contributions to science in Alberta) in western Canada more than a century ago. In Dinosaur trackway sites in Alberta and British 1988 and the American Association of Petroleum 1905, H. F.Osborn named Albertosaurus after Columbia have produced thousands of Geologists Michel T. Halbouty Human Needs the newly created province of Alberta. In the footprints and an incredible amount of data on Award in 1999. Since 1986, he has supervised or same scientific paper, he named how dinosaurs moved and interacted. As co-supervised 31 M.Sc. and Ph.D. students at the Tyrannosaurus Rex, an animal that has since studies become more sophisticated, University of Calgary, the University of become the most famous of all dinosaurs. palaeontologists are revealing aspects of Saskatchewan, and the University of Copenhagen. dinosaur physiology, variation, and behaviour. He has given hundreds of popular and scientific The significance of the Cretaceous fossil Extinction theories abound, but the evidence is lectures on dinosaurs all over the world, and is resources was realized during the “Great favouring an asteroid hitting the Earth 65 often interviewed by the press.
EXECUTIVE COMMENT (...Continued from page 5)
Tracks Honourary Membership UPCOMING For those who set new standards of excellence Awarded for distinguished service to the Society PRESENTATIONS through outstanding contributions in committee or (there are currently 44 Honourary Members) other work JANUARY 25TH LUNCHEON R.J.W. Douglas Medal Volunteer & Service Awards President’s For outstanding contributions to the understanding Presentation The highest volunteer award for outstanding service of sedimentary geology in Canada Volunteer Appreciation Social before and to the society after luncheon Stanley Slipper Gold Medal TECHNICAL AWARDS For outstanding contributions to the field of MARCH 15TH LUNCHEON Grad Thesis exploration in Canada Tracks, Medal of Merit, Link & Best M.Sc. & Ph.D. theses produced in a Canadian Grad Thesis Presentation university (regardless of project location) or We hope the new awards presentation Awards Social before the luncheon dealing with a Canadian sedimentary/petroleum format will better showcase the great geology topic (regardless of university of origin) achievements of our members. Presentations MAY LUNCHEON will start in January and end in May with our Stanley Slipper, R.J.W. Douglas, Link most prestigious awards. See the upcoming Honourary Membership* Best Technical Luncheon presentation schedule below and take the opportunity this & President’s year to truly understand and recognize the * Honourary Membership will be Medal of Merit accomplishments of your colleagues. Who presented at the Long Time Members Best Paper in the previous year on a subject related knows, you could be next. Reception in June, the winner will be to the petroleum geology of Canada announced at the May Luncheon Astrid Arts,Assistant Service Director
10 OCTOBER LUNCHEON
Integration of geology, porosity exponent m, the water saturation penetrate micropores that provide an petrophysics, and reservoir exponent n, and the size of the particles effective seal in this stratigraphic trap. engineering for forming the interparticle porosity. Different characterization of carbonate slopes are obtained for different rock fabrics. BIOGRAPHY reservoirs through Pickett plots The method helps to reconcile geology to Roberto Aguilera is president of Servipetrol Ltd. in fluid flow by illustrating the important link Calgary, Canada and an adjunct professor in the SPEAKER between geology, petrophysics, and reservoir Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Roberto Aguilera engineering. Department at the University of Calgary, where he concentrates in teaching about the theoretical 11:30 am Lines of constant rock fabric are displayed on and practical aspects of naturally fractured Thursday, October 21, 2004 a Pickett plot, together with water saturation, reservoirs. He is a petroleum engineering permeability, process speed k/ , capillary- graduate from the Universidad de America at
TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE pressure curves, pore-throat apertures rp35 Bogata, Columbia, and holds a Master’s degree 2 CALGARY, ALBERTA and r35, Kozeny’s constant (Fs ), and height and a Ph.D. in petroleum engineering from the above the free-water table. Pattern Colorado School of Mines. He was an AAPG Please note:The cut-off date for ticket recognition while placing all these data in a instructor on the subject of naturally fractured sales is 1:00 pm, Monday, October 18th. consistent form on a Pickett plot allows reservoirs from 1984 to 1996. He has presented Ticket price is $28.00 + G.S.T. determination of flow units and a more his course on naturally fractured reservoirs and rigorous characterization of carbonate has rendered consulting services throughout the The concept of rock fabric has been shown to reservoirs. The method is aimed at world. He is a Distinguished Author of the Journal be very useful for characterization of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, which of Canadian Petroleum Technology (1993 and carbonate reservoirs.This study shows that a have a limited amount of hard data. 1999), a recipient of the Outstanding Service Pickett crossplot of interparticle porosity vs. award from the Petroleum Society of the true resistivity (in some cases, apparent The use of this technique is illustrated with Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and resistivity or true resistivity affected by a data from the Mission Canyon Formation in Petroleum Engineers (CIM) in 1994, and a shale group) should result in a straight line for the Little Knife field of North Dakota, where Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished intervals with a constant rock fabric. The a significant volume of oil in place is below Lecturer on the subject of naturally fractured slope of the straight line is related to the the structural closure and updip wells reservoirs for 2000-2001.
11 TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS NOVEMBER LUNCHEON
BC’s offshore petroleum: Government to ask the Federal heterogeneous. Therefore petroleum recent developments and Government to consider lifting the federal generation from Cenozoic units is prospectivity of Queen moratorium. BC also appointed a dedicated restricted, not basin-wide. Presently, the Charlotte Basin offshore oil and gas team to develop a majority of Neogene source rocks are provincial position and to move effectively mature, mostly gas-prone, and entered the SPEAKERS towards development of the resource. In petroleum window in the past 10Ma. In the Dr. Michael Whiticar response, the Government of Canada studied region, the most productive fairway School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, announced in 2003 that it would undertake is about 75 km wide and extends 380 km University of Victoria a three-part review of the federal along Hecate Strait. Offshore Mesozoic moratorium focused only on the QCB.This source rocks are poorly understood. Using Dr. Ron Smyth project would consist of: onshore equivalents, the offshore Mesozoic BC Offshore Oil and Gas Team 1) review of science issues, sources are oil-prone and now overmature. Ministry of Energy and Mines 2) public hearings, and 3) engagement with First Nations to BIOGRAPHY 11:30 am ensure their interests are fully Michael Whiticar, Professor in Biogeochemistry Tuesday, November 4, 2004 explored. in SEOS, joined UVic in 1990 after periods with PetroCanada, Calgary; the Federal Institute of TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE The science review was conducted at arms Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), CALGARY, ALBERTA length by a Royal Society of Canada expert Hannover, FRG; and the University of panel, which reported their findings in Copenhagen, DK as the Nordic Professor in Please note: February of 2004. The other two Petroleum Geology. The cut-off date for ticket sales is components are ongoing. 1:00 pm,Thursday, October 28th. Ron Smyth is the Chief Science Officer with the Ticket price is $28.00 + GST The UVic Petroleum Systems Modeling BC Offshore Oil and Gas Team, Ministry of group conducted detailed petroleum Energy and Mines. He was the Director of the The British Columbia offshore basins have assessment using existing data from BC Geological Survey from 1985 to 2000. He been closed to exploration by both federal selected regions of QCB. The region is is a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin and and provincial moratoria since the 1970s tectonically and sedimentologically Memorial University of Newfoundland. after the initial phase of exploration by Shell Canada in 1963-69 and by Chevron Canada in 1971-72. This included about 38,500 line kilometers of seismic and 14 offshore dry KEEPING TRACK wells in the Queen Charlotte (QCB) and Tofino Basins. The QCB was the focus of a Wayne Dwyer three-year multidisciplinary basin analysis by the Geological Survey of Canada under New: the Frontier Geoscience Program from Senior Staff Geologist 1987 to 1990 when over 1,200 line Geological Operations kilometers of seismic was shot. In 2001 the Husky Energy GSC released a bulletin on the petroleum resource potential of the west coast basins Previous: that indicated a petroleum resource Contract Operations Geologist potential for the QCB of 9.8 billion bbls oil Anadarko Canada Corporation and 25.9 TCF gas, in-place. Despite a failed attempt to negotiate a Federal-Provincial Pacific Accord in the 1980s, the release Bob Mummery of these petroleum estimates has renewed New: the question for governments, coastal Golden Eagle Energy Ltd. communities, and industry of lifting the offshore moratorium. Previous: Almandine Resources Since 2001, the British Columbia government has undertaken several reviews of the moratorium: 1) review of offshore oil Andrew Willis and gas technology, 2) independent science New: panel review to determine if oil and gas Petro-Canada could be extracted in a scientifically and environmentally sound manner, and Previous: 3) task force of government MLA’s to listen Talisman Energy to the views of communities and First Nations. Favourable findings led the BC
12 TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS NOVEMBER LUNCHEON
Facies architecture of an The Giant Devonian Palliser types, abraded clasts, and frequent interbedding ostensibly monotonous Epeiric Platform of intraclastic grainstones. Obliteration limestone succession – Numerous carbonate platforms around the processes include comminution, bioerosion, and the giant Famennian Palliser world are dominated by uniform, thick- syngenetic skeleton dissolution, as well as Platform of western Canada bedded, poorly fossiliferous and burrow- bioturbation. These features left a distorted mottled, subtidal limestones. Owing to these picture of the Palliser facies, thus significantly SPEAKER rather unexciting traits, they have not received hampering sedimentological and Arndt Peterhänsel much attention and thus their depositional palaeoecological interpretations and concealing Dept. of Earth Sciences setting is still poorly understood. With a the extent of the Late Devonian faunal crisis and University of Cambridge thickness of up to 600 m and an outcrop area discovery. In fact, an ample amount of “non- of about 100 000 km2 – a sixth of its total skeletal” micritic grains were identified as being distribution – the apparently monotonous of biogenic origin.These micritised echinoderms Palliser Formation in the Canadian Rocky and endocasts of dissolved calcareous algae Proud sponsor of Mountains and its subsurface equivalent, the suggest that a vast area of the Palliser platform Dr.Arndt Peterhänsel’s presentation. Wabamun Formation, represent a case in must have been characterised by subtidal point.There, almost 200 000 km3 of calcareous dasycladalean and crinoid gardens. The sediments were deposited in the aftermath of millimetre-sized dasycladalean algae formed a 11:30 am the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction. The photosynthetic carpet covering the lower tier, Thursday, November 25, 2004 Palliser epeiric carbonate platform with its while the taller crinoids represented the more westward-oriented rollover ramp is largely wave-resistant canopy of the benthic TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE characterised by open-marine, frequently community. Both acted as trappers, stabilising CALGARY, ALBERTA wave-agitated, shallow subtidal deposition. fine sediment in similar ways to modern sea grasses. Please note: Obliteration Processes The cut-off date for ticket sales is The Palliser platform displays ubiquitous Facies Architecture 1:00 pm, Monday, November 22nd. evidence for dominance of storm sedimentation Detailed analysis of the depositional Ticket price is $28.00 + GST. with grainstone-filled burrows, millimetre- to macro- and microfacies revealed hitherto centimetre-size rip-up clasts of various facies unappreciated lateral and vertical variations in (Continued on Page 20...)
13 DIVISION TALKS HYDROGEOLOGY & INTERNATIONAL DIVISIONS
Tilted oil-water and is widely accepted that all the “big bumps” Hydrodynamically tilted oil- and gas-water gas-water contacts in the have now been identified. The UKOOA contacts are generated by lateral over- North Sea Basin estimate that 5 to 11 x 109 BOE remains pressure gradients (potentiometric or undiscovered, but to find this new oil, new hydraulic gradients) in hydraulically SPEAKERS ideas are needed. In the North Sea, continuous aquifers. In such regions, Dan Barson exploration success depends on shifting petroleum-water contacts dip in the EarthScience Consulting Inc. away from the search for structural traps to direction of water flow which is also the focus on stratigraphic and hydrodynamic direction of pressure drop. In the North Sea, Hugh Dennis prospects. potentiometric gradients are controlled on Petro-Canada, London, UK. a regional scale by the de-watering of In this presentation, we first review how to overpressured intervals in the basin. On a 12:00 Noon recognise hydrodynamic oil and gas-water local scale, potentiometric gradients are Thursday, October 21, 2004 tilts and how to calculate tilt magnitudes.We controlled by aquifer heterogeneities such then discuss the “big picture” of regional as faults, channels, facies changes, pinch-outs, Encana Amphitheatre fluid flow patterns in the North Sea Basin. and/or thinning. 2nd Floor, east end of the Finally we present case studies of a number Calgary Tower Complex of North Sea oil and gas fields with INFORMATION 1st Street and 9th Avenue SW documented hydrodynamically tilted The luncheon talks are free and open to the Calgary,Alberta petroleum-water contacts. The case studies public. Please bring your lunch. include Britannia (Lower Cretaceous Refreshments are provided by Norwest Two of the largest oilfields discovered in the sandstone), Pierce (Paleocene sandstone), Laboratories and Encana. For further North Sea in the last decade, Buzzard Dan (Chalk), and Ula (Jurassic sandstone). information, or to present a talk, please (c. 450 x 106 BOE recoverable) and Brenda These fields from the UK, Norwegian, and contact Stephen Grasby at (403) 292-7111 (c. 200 x 106 BOE recoverable) are Danish sectors of the Central Graben occur or [email protected]. or Geoffrey Say stratigraphic traps. While most established at depths ranging from 3,000 m – 4,000 m at 403 263 0449 or e-mail at [email protected] remaining reserves are in structural traps, it and include a variety of reservoir lithologies.
INTERNATIONAL DIVISION
Antrim series of BIOGRAPHY International talks #3: Keith Skipper, P. Geol. is a seasoned explorationist “Argentina - recent issues and and executive whose early career was with Antrim’s investment in the AMOCO, subsequently Bridge Oil Limited and northwest basin” PanCanadian. He is presently Executive Vice President of Antrim Energy Inc. and a SPEAKER non-executive director of Avery Resources Inc. Keith Skipper Keith has a keen interest in global petroleum Antrim Energy Inc. issues - besides trying to find oil and gas at a profit. 12:00 Noon Friday, October 8, 2004 INFORMATION There is no charge. Please bring your lunch. Encana Amphitheatre Refreshments are provided by EnCana and 2nd Floor, east end of the ECL Canada. For more information or to Calgary Tower Complex give a talk in the future, please contact 1st Street and 9th Avenue SW Geoffrey Say at 403 263 0449 or e-mail at Calgary,Alberta [email protected]
14
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY DIVISION
A simple man’s approach to Enquiry into the relationship between trace often said, correctly, that “climate has always the climate change gases, such as carbon dioxide, and climate changed, and people adapted”, but the controversy began over a century ago, spurred on by process of adaptation bears a closer look. geological evidence of dramatically different The potential impact of climate change on SPEAKER past climates.The significance of trace gases complex societies is illustrated by the James M.White is well established, and our activities can collapse of classic Mayan civilization. NRCan, Geological Survey of Canada influence their atmospheric concentrations. Geology shows that climate has changed on BIOGRAPHY 12:00 Noon many time scales and from many causes, James White is a palynologist and Friday, October 22, 2004 ranging from tectonics to solar variability, biostratigrapher at the Geological Survey of but carbon dioxide is one important factor. Canada, Calgary. During his 26-year career, he Aquitaine Building The fact that warmer climates, such as the has worked in the Quaternary, Cenozoic, and 2nd Floor Conference Room “mediaeval warm period”, were not caused Mesozoic, and paleoclimatology is a natural 540 – 5th Avenue SW by man does not mean that our activities are adjunct to his scientific work. Calgary, Alberta not influencing the modern climate. The “urban heat island” effect has been used to INFORMATION There are grounds for concern about dismiss evidence of surface warming, but All lunch talks are free. Please bring your lunch. climate change, a position which has caused there are corroborating lines of evidence For more information or to present a future talk many debates with geological colleagues. independent of urban temperature records. for the Environment Division contact Andrew This talk considers several lines of evidence Moreover, re-analyzed satellite data Fox at [email protected]. that persuade me that the issue is significant. supports evidence of surface warming. It is
STRUCTURAL DIVISION
Kohat Plateau: wider synclines in the eastern Kohat Plateau of study area). Both these basins have gone A general tectonic study and tighter synclines in the western part of through significant petroleum exploration, Kohat Plateau. The collision also caused a while significant potential remains in the SPEAKER north-south oriented series of deep-seated, Kohat Plateau. The Potwar Plateau is a Dr.Wasim Paracha left-lateral, basement-effected faults in the down-plunging geographic extension of the west (in Pakistan), while in the east (in India) Kohat Plateau and as a result, has a more 12:00 Noon an east-west-oriented right lateral (Dauki subdued relief compared to Kohat Plateau. Thursday, October 14, 2004 and Haflong) fault system formed.The study also found evidence for continued tectonics, The northern and northwestern areas of Petro-Canada with a high rate of earthquakes in the area. Kohat have more tight and deformed West Tower room 17 B/C structures as compared to the south and 150 6th Avenue SW The study is based on five wells, published southeastern areas due to rotational activity. Calgary, Alberta literature, field surveys, and geophysics. The The whole Kohat region, like Potwar, is 2D seismic data interpretation is based on composed of imbricate wrench faults and The Kohat region in northern Pakistan area is the seismic attributes and geometry. Seismic these imbricate faults are gentle in the a complex tilted plateau, with moderate to data from the western part of the study area Potwar area while steeper in the Kohat area. steep dips and asymmetrical structures due have been critical in imaging rotational The eastern part of the Kohat Plateau to a large number of wrench-tectonic structures. A large number of ridges have formed as a duplex structure in the Kohat thrusts, rejuvenated structures, and normal been identified in the studied area Formation.The western part of the area has faulting. The study area (72°N, 33°50’E to confirming the presence of Eocene more tectonic damage as compare to the 72°30’N, 33°25’E) needs more investigation detachments in a continuous sequence of eastern Kohat region. The Middle Eocene is of Recent to Eocene structural changes that Middle Eocene shale. Large numbers of better developed in Kohat Plateau. In some occur within different parts of the region. duplex structures also have been areas northwest of Kohat Plateau, this The author studied the geological and interpreted in the area. formation outcrops in isoclinal folds parallel geophysical results of the Indo-Eurasian to the Main Boundary Thrust. The Lower collision with Asia during Paleogene time The structural features are difficult to tie Eocene (Chorgali Formation) is damaged and the rotational wrenching that formed with surrounding areas even after the more in the western part of Kohat area, due to the southwards lesser force vector seismic study.The most significant feature of which also proves the rotational direction of from the Tadjik Basin (west of Tibet) area the area is the correct geological division, the continent was northwest from southeast. and the northwards-directed stronger force and exact marking of the location. The The steep dips and throws of the wrench- vector from the Indian continent. Special geology of the Kohat Plateau is different faulting system in the area also supports the emphasis has been made on the E-W compared to southern Potwar (east of study statement. The main source rock for the structural trend with tight anticlines and area) and westernmost Kohat Basin (south (Continued on Page 18...) 17 GEOMATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER DIVISION
Geostatistical reservoir seismic data. The scale modeling with seismic data: differences are huge. Accounting for issues of scale in different data sources and Simulation requires a the geomodel multivariate probability model of the variable under Geo-model cell Upscaled sim.cell Flow-sim.cell SPEAKER consideration at all locations Reservoir volume Clayton V. Deutsch, simultaneously.This distribution University of Alberta may also include different variables if seismic data are 12:00 Noon being considered in a statistical DATA TYPE Wednesday, October 27, 2004 manner. These probability Well test
distributions must necessarily
Seismic ConocoPhillips Auditorium be simplified for practical Well log Core plug 3rd Floor, above Plus 15+ level application. Building a model of 0 8 9 5 3 2 1 0 2 3 5 6 4 1 4 7 - - - - - 401 – 9th Avenue SW scale change into the 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Calgary, Alberta probability distribution adds a 1 significant level of complexity. BULK VOLUME (cubic-meter) Geostatistical tools are being used Some fairly simple geostatistical increasingly for constructing numerical models exist to account for representations of petroleum reservoirs. data of different scale. They are typically research will be discussed in the seminar. The advantage of such tools is the based on assuming the same scale between reproducible and defendable modeling of the primary data being modeled, the BIOGRAPHY heterogeneity and quantification of geomodel cells, and the seismic data being Dr. Deutsch is a Professor in the School of uncertainty. A promise of geostatistics is used as an exhaustively sampled secondary Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Department the rigorous handling of scale, that is, we can variable; however, the scale difference of Civil & Environmental Engineering account for the differences between the between these data types is very significant. Engineering at the University of Alberta. He scales of multiple data and the scale of the The geostatistical approaches in common teaches and conducts research into better ways geomodel. This promise is easily kept when usage will be described and the reasons to to model heterogeneity and uncertainty in calculating deterministic estimates with adopt such simple models will be explained petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits. kriging. It is systematically broken when in the seminar. using geostatistical simulation tools for INFORMATION heterogeneity/uncertainty. An important There are some new exciting methodologies There is no charge. Non-members of the CSPG feature of modern geostatistical simulation that are under development that include are also welcome. Please bring your lunch. is that values are assigned at the scale of direct simulation and stochastic inversion. For details or to present a talk in the future, the data at grid nodes; the values do not There are many reasons why these new please contact David Garner at 403-243-8223, represent the entire grid cell. Moreover, methodologies have not been widely e-mail: [email protected] or most geostatistical methods do not adopted in practice. These new Peter Dankers at 403-770-0350, e-mail explicitly account for the large scale of methodologies and ongoing areas of [email protected]
STRUCTURAL DIVISION (...Continued from page 17)
oil/gas accumulation available in the study imbricate structures due to sideswipe energy. Handbook” is in the process of being printed. area is from the Patala and Kuldana 3D migration should improve imaging and Formations. allow better AVO modeling. INFORMATION: Talks are free, please bring your lunch. The Kohat Plateau has potential for BIOGRAPHY: Goodies and drinks are provided by HEF hydrocarbon exploration, with unexplored Wasim Paracha (Ph.D., Stockholm University, Petrophysical Consulting Inc. If you would like land, prospective structural styles, and some Sweden) has over ten years of oil and gas to be on the Structural Division e-mail list, or existing discoveries. The existing structures industry professional experience in 2D/3D if you’d like to give a talk, please contact have been interpreted from low quality seismic/sequence stratigraphy interpretation, Elizabeth Atkinson at (403) 296-3694 or broader group-length 2D seismic data. It is prospect generation, well-log interpretation/co- [email protected]. recommended to explore these complex relation, and basin analysis on international wrench-faulted imbricate structures with 3D projects from the Canadian Arctic to the seismic to understand the proper structure Himalayas and North Sea. Dr. Paracha has of the area. It is clear that 2D time migration published over 24 articles/papers and authored struggles to delineate targets on such books also. A new book “Seismic Interpretation
18 25 years of partnerships
contents scholarships/awards ...... 7 edgeo workshop ...... 12 president’s message ...... 2 andrew baillie/glen ruby ...... 8 canmore geoscience centre . . .13 chairman’s message ...... 3 burgess shale geoscience science alberta ...... 14 student industry field trip (sift) . .4 foundation ...... 9 geology of mount robson honorary address ...... 5 calgary science centre ...... 10 provincial park ...... 15 university outreach ...... 6 geosciediv ...... 11 donors ...... 16 message from the craig lamb president canadian society of president petroleum geologists
The CSPG has a strong commitment to geoscience Funding of these Outreach Programs is education and, in particular, to petroleum geology. We provided through the CSPG Educational Trust Fund are all familiar with the technical conferences, luncheons, (ETF). Although the ETF has been in existence for a field trips and courses that the Canadian Society of number of years, capitalization is not currently at a level Petroleum Geologists (CSPG) hosts to further the education whereby income from the capital can fund all of the of our members. Outreach Programs on an ongoing basis. Thus, we are embarking on a new fundraising initiative to strengthen The Society also has a significant the Fund so that the CSPG can continue its role of outreach initiative with two main objectives. The first is to educational outreach. encourage university students to consider petroleum geology as a career. Programs such as the Student The following pages outline information Industry Field Trip, the Visiting Lecturer Program and about the various programs that benefit from the Fund. scholarships and awards are the foundation of this initiative. I hope this information will clarify the role of the CSPG The second objective is to educate the general public Educational Trust Fund and that you will consider providing and K-12 students about the geosciences. The Honorary your support, professionally and financially. Address and funding for programs such as EdGEO and the Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation are examples of the initiatives focused on achieving this latter objective.
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 2 message from the
bruce mcintyre chairman educational trust fund chairman
As the recently-minted Chair of the CSPG Educational Some of the programs, such as the Trust Fund (ETF), I would like to take this opportunity to Student Industry Field Trip, are funded by the CSPG introduce the ETF, its many programs and activities and, Educational Trust Fund and corporate sponsorship. bring you up to speed on what we have been up to over Other programs, such as EdGEO, rely on contributions the past year. from other philanthropic bodies as well as the ETF.
The ETF exists, ”… for the advance- Currently, the CSPG Educational Trust ment of geological education, in particular, and to Fund receives more requests for funding than we can enhance the profile of petroleum geology to society, in manage. In some instances, Outreach Programs are funded general.” The following articles outline the Outreach to a lesser extent than we would like. To meet their Programs funded by the ETF in support of this goal. needs, we are dramatically increasing the size of the These articles will give you a feel for the wide array of Fund’s endowment in our quest to enhance the national programs the CSPG Educational Trust Fund supports, all profile of the geosciences. on your behalf. Over the next several months we are The Board of Directors, in concert with launching a fundraising initiative to increase the Fund and the CSPG Executive, select the Outreach Programs the continue our educational outreach on behalf of the CSPG ETF supports. Our mandate is to fund programs that are membership. We appreciate and look forward to your geoscience related, educational in nature and, ideally, continued support of this worthy cause. national in their scope.
3 • educational trust fund student industry
doug hamilton director field trip (sift) educational trust fund
Funded under the direction of the CSPG excursion into the Canadian Rocky Mountains and a Educational Trust Fund (ETF), SIFT provides programs Rocky Mountain flyover that is extremely beneficial in ini- to the general public and to students of all academic levels. tiating discussions on the structural evolution and devel- Initiated in 1978 by the CSPG, the program was based opment of the Canadian Cordillera. on a concept conceived by Bill Ayrton to introduce bright, A relatively new, and very successful, young geoscientists to the petroleum industry. One addition to SIFT is the summer employment program. student, representing each of the 31 Canadian The committee works with petroleum companies to set Universities offering degree programs in geology, up summer job interviews for the students who are very geophysics or geological engineering, is invited to enthusiastic and eager to use their newly acquired skill participate each year. Since its inception, more than 780 sets. As many as one third (10) of the students may stay students have participated in the program; many of in Calgary for the summer to try out working in the whom have subsequently chosen to pursue successful Petroleum industry. careers in the petroleum industry. SIFT committee members, many of This year, 31 students from across whom were SIFT students themselves, find working with Canada participated in an action-packed two weeks the students to be an extremely rewarding experience. consisting of lectures, field trips and an exploration game. Jennifer Squance, who works at Talisman Energy, is Topics included clastic and carbonate sedimentology, quoted as saying “The Student Industry Field Trip sequence stratigraphy, geophysics and well logging. exposed me to a geological career that I may not have Students used their new-found knowledge in an considered. ... I have now chosen petroleum geology as exploration game to form companies consisting of three a career.” Angela Dowd of Canadian Natural Resources or four individuals, purchase land, and drill wells in order Limited states, “… SIFT sparked my interest in petroleum to gain an understanding of the science and business of geology, provided me an excellent career opportunity and the oil patch. At the end of the trip, each company has been the catalyst for many lasting friendships.” Both presented their results to a panel of judges who Jennifer and Angela are now active SIFT committee determined the winning team for best geological members. interpretation and for most money earned. Thank you to all the past and present Field trips play a very volunteers, the CSPG Educational Trust Fund and the important role in SIFT and are often membership at large for their continued support of such one of the highlights for the a key program for the CSPG. Without the commitment of students. There is a one- numerous volunteers who assist by giving lectures, core day tour of Dinosaur seminars and field trips, SIFT would not be the success that Provincial Park, it is year in and year out and we could not offer such a fan- a four-day tastic opportunity to the students.
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 4 honorary
laraine kish co-chair honorary address committee address
Since 1978, the Honorary Address has engaged The afternoon sessions of the Honorary the general public to show how exciting and interesting Address are for school children. In 2003, more than science can be, especially for children. This annual fall 2,700 students were bused in to participate in the program. program typically involves a daytime program designed This interactive event allows students time to hear and for students and an evening program for families. The participate in fascinating discussions and speak with the topics vary each year and have ranged from “Dinosaurs presenters. It is a great way to educate students and has in Denver” to “Earthquakes & Tsunamis.” the farthest reach of any of the CSPG outreach programs.
In 2003, a snowstorm did not stop over The Honorary Address provides a 700 people from coming out to enjoy the evening chance for the general public to hear about geoscience educational program where the audience was filled with topics in an easy-to-understand format. It also gives the people of all ages. From a Boy Scout troop that makes presenting societies an opportunity to showcase the the event part of its weekly meeting, to a retired couple tremendous work that professionals from Canada and who attend annually, the Honorary Address is a special across North America are doing in the geosciences. evening for everyone involved. Many geoscience profes- The CSPG is pleased to present this sionals bring along friends and family to educate them in year’s Honorary Address entitled “Volcanoes of the Deep their professional area of interest. Attendees have the Sea.” The event will take place on November 9, 2004. opportunity to ask questions after the presentations and Emory Kristof of National Geographic will plunge the mingle with the presenters during the intermission as well audience deep into the ocean to explore the mysterious as at the end of the evening. Before the presentations hydrothermal vents on the mid-oceanic ridge. Emory and during intermission, everyone is able to visit a variety will reveal the fantastic diversity of the deep; its strange of booths in the foyer. From hands-on science exhibits to communities of organisms, shipwreck gardens, biolumi- rock shops, there is something for rock hounds of all ages. nescent creatures and awesome giant predators. An astounding 97% of the earth’s biosphere is located here in the dark regions of the deep oceans that we have truly just begun to explore.
5 • educational trust fund Lecture Tours - Expanding upon the previous Visiting Petroleum Lecture and Link Award tours, Outreach has organized three extensive lecture tours of Canadian Earth Science departments during the past two years. High-profile CSPG members such as Bill Ayrton, Ashton Embry, Lisa Griffith, Denis Lavoie, and The University Outreach Committee was formed in David James have delivered not only high-quality techni- 2002 to augment links between the CSPG and cal presentations, but relevant career- and industry-relat- Canadian university earth science departments. We aim ed discussions. Outreach is planning additional tours in to help attract university geology students to the petrole- 2004/2005, with the goal of reaching every department um industry or related government and academic posi- at least once per year. tions, and ultimately to have them join the CSPG. During Student Chapters - The Committee is its short life, Outreach has had considerable success in working on plans to bring in more student members designing new programs and building on existing activities. through their university geology clubs, as opposed to individual memberships. We are hoping to have several student clubs join the CSPG as student chapters in the coming year. university Corporate Donations and Research – We continue to formulate systematic plans to sponsor links between industry and the universities. During outreach 2003/2004, EnCana donated cores to Mount Royal College, and Devon has committed to a major core donation to at least two Canadian universities. We are canvassing industry for more donations of material, and University Conferences – The Outreach for ideas to work cooperatively on research with university Committee has assumed sponsorship of the John Webb departments. Trophies and CSPG Trophy, awarded annually at the For more information on any Outreach activities, Western Inter-University Geological Conference and the please contact Nadya Slemko at (403) 237-3925 or Atlantic Universities Geological Conference, respectively. [email protected]. We also award a student prize at the Advances in Earth Science Research Conference, organized by students at Ottawa-Carleton. We provide financial support for these conferences, and also have CSPG members attend where possible, to award the trophies and give presentations.
2003 AUGC CSPG Trophy Winner: Jamie Braid – St. Francis Xavier
2004 WIUGC John Webb Trophy Winners:
Undergraduate: Ryan Ickert – University of Alberta
Graduate: Louise Longridge – University of British Columbia
2004 AESRC Best Poster Award Winner: Denis Lacelle – University of Ottawa
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 6 cspg regional scholarships
Each year, the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500.00). The CSPG awards seven scholarships to promote advanced educa- Undergraduate Scholarship is open to all undergraduates tion and research in those fields of geology having appli- enrolled in an accredited Earth Science program of a cation to the petroleum industry. The CSPG regional Canadian University who are in their second or third year. scholarships are awarded to graduate and undergradu- Each of the three undergraduate scholarships has a value ate students attending Canadian universities in each of of one thousand two hundred and fifty dollars three regions of Canada: Western Canada, ($1,250.00). The deadline for applications is May 31 of Ontario/Quebec, and the Atlantic provinces. each year and scholarship recipients are notified in Scholarship applicants must have Canadian Citizenship October. or Landed Immigrant status. Graduate scholarships are A minimum of three adjudicators, who open to M.Sc. or Ph.D. students attending Canadian uni- are members of the CSPG, evaluate each application versities progressing to their second or subsequent and rank per region. The judges discuss the merits of year(s) of full-time study in petroleum geology-related dis- each application and make a decision on the scholarship ciplines. These disciplines include structural geology, winner. The heaviest weighting is given to academic sedimentology, stratigraphic studies involving clastic or standing, however professors' appraisals, previous carbonate rocks, paleontology and geochemistry. Each awards, publications and graduate thesis descriptions of the three graduate scholarships has a value of one play an important role in the evaluation process.
The CSPG Graduate Student Thesis Award is awarded annually to one M.Sc. and one Ph.D. thesis that makes cspg graduate the most significant contribution to sedimentary and/or petroleum geology in Canada. The award for the top the- sis in each category consists of a one-year membership student thesis in the CSPG, a CSPG book, a framed certificate and a cash prize for the Ph.D. winner of $1500 and for the awards committee M.Sc. winner of $1000. The award was inaugurated in thoroughness of research and overall effort as well as 1958 with one combined M.Sc./Ph.D. award for the first organization of chapters, quality of writing and effective several years. In 1964 the award was divided into its use of illustrations. Successful theses will also provide, present format of a separate M.Sc. and Ph.D. award. where appropriate: a full consideration of the economic Over the past 45 years the winners of this award have implications of scientific contributions made from a small included some very well known geologists. study area or topic; and will relate any observations made Each year Geology departments from in modern depositional settings to the ancient record, universities across Canada are contacted for submis- and vice versa. By mid December the winning theses are sions which are then evaluated in the fall for awards. determined by the committee, and authors and respective Eligible theses are those produced by students who have supervisors are notified thereafter. graduated at the preceding Spring or Fall convocation Winning thesis topics in recent years from a Canadian university, or who have completed have included studies of Ichnology and neoichnology, research in the same period at a foreign university on a detailed studies of Cretaceous (Falher, Basal Colorado) suitable Canadian topic. The criteria by which these are and Carboniferous (Kiskatinaw) reservoirs, modern channel judged include definition of purpose and success in bar sand geometry, epeiric carbonate platform deposition reaching goals, method and logic of investigation, originality and an integrated sedimentological, ichnological, of topic, ideas and content, validity of interpretations and paleoenvironmental and paleoecological study of conclusions, completeness of data generation and pres- submarine fans. entation, contribution to science and industry, depth and
7 • educational trust fund andrew d. baillie award
Andrew Dollar “Andy” Baillie literally hundreds of geologists, who (1912-2001) had a geological career came under his influence, however that spanned five decades. His fleetingly, during his life. petroleum career began with the Andy was an active British American Oil Company (the member of the CSPG and had a precursor to Gulf Canada) in 1953. particular interest in the CSPG After retiring from Gulf, Andy spent Educational Trust Fund. In 1991, the more than 20 years pursuing his CSPG established the “Andrew P. passion for teaching geology in a Baillie Award” for student presentations variety of ways. His technical skills at the CSPG annual conference. A and desire to share his knowledge $1000 award and commemorative made him an invaluable asset to the trophy are presented annually for the geological community. Best Student Oral Presentation and In 1997, to celebrate his lifetime of the Best Student Poster Presentation. These awards geological involvement, the CSPG awarded Andrew recognize excellence in technical presentations by Baillie the Stanley Slipper Gold Medal for “lifelong accom- students and encourage a level of technical prowess plishments and outstanding contributions to petroleum worthy of Andrew D. Baillie. geology in Canada and abroad.” He was an inspiration to conocophillips glen ruby memorial scholarships in geosciences
ConocoPhillips Canada is proud to continue the having made the most northerly and southerly oil ConocoPhillips Glen Ruby Memorial Scholarships in discoveries in the world. Geosciences. These scholarships are presented each Since inception, the Canadian Society year to second, third and fourth years students to pro- of Petroleum Geologists has been a forum for sharing mote excellence in petroleum geology and geophysics. ideas and knowledge about the geology of Western • $2,000 – 2nd year geoscience student Canada and the Canadian frontiers. This knowledge • $3,000 – 3rd year geoscience student exchange has played a fundamental role in the successful • $5,000 – 4th year geoscience student development of the Canadian oil industry. Glen Ruby’s legacy thrives three quarters of a century later. ConocoPhillips Canada is pleased to recognize and honor a pioneer who has had a lasting ConocoPhillips has been active in Canada since 1880 influence on the Canadian Oil and Gas industry. From through the activities of heritage companies including 1926 to 1929, Glen Ruby was Vice President and Continental Oil Company, Marland Oil / Hudson's Bay Oil General Manager of Marland Oil’s Canadian partnership, and Gas, Gulf Canada Resources, British American, Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas. While in Alberta he was a Royalite, Asamera, Pennzoil, Stampeder, Mannville, driving force behind the inaugural meeting and formation Crestar, Conoco Canada, and Phillips Petroleum. We of the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists (renamed proudly honor Glen Ruby as a pioneer and industry Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists in 1972). Glen leader and we are pleased that the memorial scholarships Ruby dedicated his life to exploration and has been will assist in the development of future geoscientists. recognized as one of the great pioneers in the global For more information or to apply for a ConocoPhillips search for oil and gas. In addition to Canada, he Glen Ruby Memorial Scholarship,visit www.cspg.org successfully explored for oil in Chile, Alaska and the US www.cseg.ca or www.conocophillips.ca Rocky Mountain basins. At one time he was credited with photo: Glenbow ND-3-4155(a) canadian society of petroleum geologists • 8 The Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation was established as a non-profit earth science educational burgess shale organization in 1993, based in the village of Field, Yoho National Park, British Columbia. We believe that increasing geoscience the profile of earth sciences is of critical importance to society, because an understanding of our Earth is funda- mental to intelligent debate on resource management, foundation natural hazards, climate change, and environmental issues that affect us all. Yet, earth science is given a low priority in many of our public classrooms today, although the need science by illustrating concepts from the (pure) for professional geoscientists in our society is great. science curricula with examples from the earth sciences. Classroom exercises and activities Our purpose is to increase earth science developed support the teachers’ workshop literacy through the interpretation of the fossils preserved and the high school research project in the Burgess Shale (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and their related geology. The Burgess Shale is the best V. The Wonder Lecture Series source of preserved Cambrian-aged flora and fauna, and • provides a dynamic series of lecture presentations remains a topic of intense scientific research and debate; unfolding the mysteries of the mountains within the serving as a kind of “holy grail” for many geologists and Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage palaeontologists. The fascinating story of the Burgess Site, and their fossils Shale fossils is a popular topic that appeals to a variety of VI. Earth Science Classroom Presentations people from a range of backgrounds and disciplines. We provide quality earth science educational programs for • an on-the-road program that brings the fascinating teachers, students, industry, the general public, based on story of Yoho's fossils and related geology into these themes: classrooms throughout the school year • The History and Evolution of Life on Earth The CSPG has funded our popular High • Rocks and Mountain Building School Research projects in the past, and currently funds • Climate Change and the Evolution of Landforms our annual teachers’ workshop both directly through the • Geohazards ETF, as well as indirectly through sponsorship of the
Currently, we offer the following educational programs: EdGEO program. We believe that the most efficient way to increase earth science literacy amongst students is I. Earth Science Educational Guided Hikes: through their teachers. This is because, each teacher • The Burgess Shale Fossils (Walcott’s Quarry) that takes our course may be teaching as many as 150 • The Mt. Stephen Trilobite Beds students annually (this year our course filled quickly with 25 teachers, and it is the fifth time that we have offered • The Iceline Trail (Glaciation and Climate Change) it). There is a real demand from teachers for geoscience II. Earth Science Professional Development Workshop resources and professional development opportunities! for Teachers The course is made possible by a dedicated group of • provides teachers with the tools and understanding Calgary geoscientists who volunteer their time each to teach earth science components, as well as summer to come out and teach the course. enhance their pure science curricula with more With sustained funding, we have plans earth science examples to further develop and expand the programs that we III. Burgess Shale High School Research Project offer. We sincerely thank the CSPG and the affiliated ETF • involves students and their teachers in real for their ongoing support of our innovative earth science scientific research thereby enhancing their science educational programming. curricula and encouraging students to pursue careers in science • poster presentation won the GeoCanada 2000 Conference People's Choice Award lisa holmstrom, b.sc. (honors) geophysics, IV. Earth Science Applied Continuum Theory professional teaching certificate, education coordinator, the burgess shale geoscience foundation • Demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of earth
9 • educational trust fund calgary science ms. punam kumar director, community & fund development centre calgary science centre
Since 1997, the CSPG’s Educational Trust Fund has are asked to research and design a three-dimensional life provided the Calgary Science Centre Society both annual form that could theoretically live on a given planet. Now funding and volunteer resources. This type of long-term, consider the compatibility of skills of these students and holistic, relationship is one that the Calgary Science a geologist: Centre treasures. • Generating and presenting ideas • Co-operative planning The Calgary Science Centre is a • Public speaking and writing charitable organization. Our goal is to engage people, • Scientific procedure mostly children ages 3-12, in the thrilling process of • Understanding the factors that comprise an scientific discovery. An experience at the Calgary Science environment Centre will leave a visitor with not only some new science • Understanding the link between a life form and its principles, but will open their minds to new questions environment where creative thinking and confidence is nurtured. We offer hands-on exhibits, fun programs, and captivating In essence, could the fossils that are Discovery Dome shows. central to a geologist's work not be considered “alien”?
Although the Calgary Science Centre All of these skills, among many others, covers many different science-related topics, it is are nurtured as part of the 15-year contest, sponsored absolutely imperative that we connect the community by the CSPG. Imagine the impact of this contest on a with the sciences that define our locale. Presenting young mind. industries like geology, agriculture, oil and gas As the Calgary Science Centre embarks exploration, to children—in their own language—can only on its exciting future—soon into a new, expanded building— serve to strengthen the health and possibilities of our we will be looking to significantly build on our current community. programs, and thus partnerships. At first blush, one may question the The Calgary Science Centre and CSPG correlation between a program like the “Invent-an-Alien are natural, complimentary partners: what the CSPG Contest” and the geosciences. In this contest, students seeks to accomplish in industry at the high-level, the Calgary Science Centre nurtures at the front lines.
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 10 In August, Calgary hosted "Earth Science for the GeoSciEd IV was an unqualified suc- Global Community” - the fourth GeoSciEd conference cess and received rave reviews from the delegates. The of the International Geoscience Education Organization organizers have received many letters of thanks. Your (the outreach arm of the International Union of Geological CSPG was a proud participant in the conference and is Sciences). The GeoSciEd conferences are designed for pleased that this public awareness event was such a Earth science teachers from elementary to university level success. Thanks to the CSPG members who helped to meet Earth scientists who deliver educational outreach organize and deliver such a wonderful conference and programs through their communities, museums, or sci- congratulations to all whom attended and organized ence centres. GeoSciEd IV was a great success, attend- GeoSciEd IV. You have all left the Earth a slightly better ed by over 260 delegates from 24 countries. Realizing and more appreciated place! the importance of public outreach programs for earth sci- ences, the CSPG Educational Trust Fund provided finan- jon dudley cial support sponsored a special workshop for K-12 level canadian natural resources limited geosciediv publicity chair teachers, and participated as an Exhibitor. In addition, numerous CSPG members were involved in organizing the conference (Godfrey Nowlan, Conference Chair; Jon Dudley, Publicity Chair; Grant Mossop, Fundraising Chair; geosciediv John Cox, Technical Program Co-Chair; Dave Eberth, Field Trip Chair; Sandy McCracken, Treasurer; Ken Delegates take a well earned rest after hiking up to Drabinsky, Exhibits Co-Chair; Jon Greggs, Technical the Walcott Quarry site of the Burgess Shale. This Services). was the realization of a lifelong dream for many Earth scientists and educators shared of the intrepid hikers. (Photo courtesy ideas and concepts in Earth science education and in the of Alan V. Morgan, University of Waterloo, GeoSciEd IV National Chair.) development of programs that lead to an integrated understanding of the Earth. The innovative technical pro- gram included keynote addresses, workshops, and oral and poster sessions. A special workshop held at the AEUB Core Research Centre entitled “Alberta Rocks - Underground” for K-12 teachers introduced participants to important reservoir rocks from the subsurface of west- ern Canada. Field trips visited many world-renowned sites of interest including the Rocky Mountains, the Burgess Shale, Dinosaur Provincial Park, the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, the Frank Slide, and the Athabasca Glacier.
GeoSciEd IV has left a fabulous legacy in seed money for future conferences as well as some funding to help subsidize the attendance of teachers and delegates from developing countries. GeoSciEd IV has also benefited the local community in partnership with the CSPG. All of the GeoSciEd IV field trip guides are going to be made available in PDF format on the CSPG website. Many of these guides are unique in having been co-written by teachers and geologists, and include use- ful exercises for teachers to help deliver geological themes to their students. The guides are currently being revised to take advantage of improvements suggested following their use during the conference. As conference chair Godfrey Nowlan notes, “Thanks to the CSPG, this will provide a lasting legacy for the Calgary educational community”.
11 • educational trust fund national edgeo workshop eileen van der flier-keller chair, national edgeo committee school of earth and ocean sciences program university of victoria
EdGEO is a national program which sponsors earth Each workshop addresses the specific needs and interests science workshops for local groups of teachers across of the diverse parts of Canada, while also covering earth Canada. In 2003, 202 teachers attended EdGEO- science topics that are listed in the school science sponsored workshops in Calgary, Cambridge Bay, curriculum. “Will I be able to bring to students an enlight- Resolute, Iqualuit, Vancouver, Edmonton, Drumheller, ened overview: show how it all fits into their learning: why Field, Parrsboro and Yellowknife. EdGEO's goal is to provide it is important to learn about the earth and how they can teachers with classroom resources (including rock and have fun learning” (Calgary). mineral kits, fossil sets, local guidebooks, maps and The CSPG Educational Trust Fund posters), and confidence, through knowledge and hands- is EdGEO’s largest sponsor and as such has been on activities, to enhance their ability and enthusiasm to instrumental in the funding of this program. The importance teach the earth science components of the curriculum in of this Canadian effort is well summed up by a teacher our schools. “These types of workshops are lifesavers, from Edmonton who, after attending a recent workshop, inspirational and necessary! Thank you for helping me wrote, “I learned a lot … I appreciate the fact that other become a better teacher” (Calgary), I feel much better groups are donating time/money to educating teachers. equipped to make this an exciting topic for my students” In the long run it is the children who win”. (Regina), “Excellent demonstration ideas that have been classroom tested. Hands-on practice made content EdGEO is working to expand the relevant. Wonderful ‘goody-bag’ that is immediately appli- program into more communities in Canada. cable,” “Passionate speakers! Contagious” (Vancouver). For more information, or if you are
EdGEO is co-ordinated by the interested in running or attending a workshop, please Canadian Geoscience Education Network of the contact Eileen Van der Flier-Keller [email protected], (250) Canadian Geoscience Council. The workshops are all run 721-2725 or go to the EdGEO website www.edgeo.org. by dedicated local groups of geoscientists and teachers.
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 12 canmore museum and geoscience centre
The Centennial Museum Society of Canmore and Bones Program is much improved since adding the (Society) was incorporated as a non-profit historical society summer geoscientist to our staff in 2001. The in 1984. In 1998, a geoscience centre was added to the Geoscience Outreach program was initiated in May 2001 mandate of the Society and has been developed under for students at the Lawrence Grassi Middle School (see the direction of a geoscience committee. The name of figure 2) and has continued every year since then. This the museum was later changed to the Canmore Museum year we expanded the program to include students from and Geoscience Centre (Museum). The Museum the Queen Elizabeth School in Calgary. Our first concentrates on the history of Canmore, with particular Geoscience Open House was held in June 2002 and has focus on the rich coal mining and railway history. The focus also become an annual event. of the Geoscience Centre is on the mountain building The CSPG has been a key sponsor of processes that led to the present mountain structure. our facility. In addition to sponsoring the Stones and Current facilities run by the Society include the Canmore Bones program, the CSPG has been very helpful in giving Museum and Geoscience Centre which is located at suggestions and advice, particularly with regard to finding 902B 7th Avenue in the new Canmore Civic Centre (see other sponsors. Tim Howard of the CSPG pointed us to figure 1) and the restored barracks of the Northwest Promoscience (NSERC) and the Calgary Foundation, Mounted Police on main street. Three Sisters Mountain both of which have been generous sponsors. Village is the main sponsor for our operations. Until recently, the Museum was located The intent of the Geoscience Centre is in an old 2450 square foot building. In February 2002, the to increase the awareness of the public of the fascinating Town of Canmore invited us to be part of the new two- geology of the area. The Geoscience Committee is storey Canmore Civic Centre. Our Grand Opening in the involved in a number of activities aimed at doing this. new facility was June 12, 2004. Our nominal share of the These activities include making displays and showing new Civic Centre is 5000 sq. ft. or 20% of the building videos of the geology of the Bow Valley, educational out- complex. The actual floor space is 3625 sq. ft. including reach, summer camps, field trips, presentations, speaker 1000 sq. ft. for an office and a gift shop and 800 sq. ft. series and self-guided hikes. These activities are for a workshop and storage area. This leaves about described in more detail on our web site 1800 sq. ft. for display space compared with 1300 sq. ft. (www.cmags.org). in the old facility. We also have access to a 500 sq. ft. A number of programs have been initi- classroom for school outreach programs, summer camp ated since 1998. The Stones and Bones summer geolo- programs, and geological talks. There is also space in the gy camp for 10 - 12 year olds has continued since 2000. hallway of the building for temporary movable displays. Funding by PromoScience (NSERC), the Canadian The Centennial Museum Society of Society of Petroleum Geologists (CSPG), the Canadian Canmore is always looking for volunteers to improve or Society of Exploration Geophysicists (CSEG), the make new geological displays and for sponsors to help Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and fund our operations. Meetings are held alternately in Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA), the Town of Canmore and Calgary approximately every month. Canmore, Talisman Energy Inc. and our Society has Please consider attending our meetings or visiting the allowed us to hire a geoscientist for the summer to run Museum! our Stones and Bones summer camp program and to add an outreach program and a Geoscience Open richard green, p. geoph. House to the list of activities that we support. The Stones talisman energy inc. vp geoscience, centennial museum society of canmore
13 • educational trust fund science in a crate
You're 9 years old and the hair on the back of your neck Crates are booked by teachers and is standing up. You're snooping around a dank, dark shipped to schools from Fort Chipewyan to Medicine Hat basement in your town's museum. Suddenly, you spot and everywhere in between. With over 160 crates in cir- an old, odd- looking machine. You call to your friends in culation, Science Alberta's portable science resources a voice just above a whisper. “This looks like a time leave behind budding enthusiasts who have acquired a machine.” new appreciation for science and technology learning.
You jump on board, pressing buttons Thanks to a generous donation from and pull levers. You hear a whirring noise, like the sound the Canada Society of Petroleum Geologists, Anadarko of a helicopter waiting to lift off. The room changes Canada and Canadian Society of Exploration shape. Light and dark shadows rise and fall over you. Geophysicists we will have 20 revised geoscience crates You're time travelling! in rotation at the start of the school year. The two crates explore the composition and forces on Earth.
Science Alberta Foundation builds knowledge rather than facilities and works hard to make science accessible and fascinating to learners of all ages.
The machine stops. Where are you? To The second crate storyline reads like a find out you conduct a series of experiments on magnetic geologist's boot camp. New minerals have been discov- fields, currents in water and investigate samples of rock, ered in a northern Alberta community. Junior high school minerals and fossils. students compete to identify the rocks and minerals after learning about the physical properties of minerals, how That's the story line Grade 7 students minerals grow and how to identify minerals. will be exploring when they open Science Alberta's Science-In-A-Crate (SIAC), which will arrive in their class- “We make science and technology fas- rooms at the end of November. cinating for children,” says Arlene Ponting, CEO. “By honing their observation and inquiry skills we are helping Linked closely to Alberta curriculum, the to create tomorrow's inventors, innovators, scientists and crates transform difficult science concepts into visual and thinkers.” understandable real-world experiences for kids. “I'm impressed. Very well organized, easy-to-follow, high- Science Alberta Foundation, in partner- interest activities,” writes a teacher from Ryley, Alberta. ship with educators, parents, communities, government “In a small, rural school, our resources are limited and the and industry, designs, develop and delivers resources crate is a perfect solution.” Another teacher from High that motivate children, youth and families to embrace life- River writes: “These crates are invaluable.” long science and technology learning.
Science Alberta Foundation supplies schools, libraries, museums and interpretive centres with ready-made Science Alberta science resources Foundation has 162 through our Science- crates in distribution, In-A-Crate program. covering 42 topics.
canadian society of petroleum geologists • 14 geology of mount robson provincial park
In 2003 the CSPG Educational Trust Fund joined The pamphlet’s major sales centre is other sponsors (the Geological Survey of Canada, the the Mount Robson Provincial Park Interpretive Centre Canadian Geological Foundation, BC Parks, the with additional sales at one of the local Bed and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Natural Breakfast establishments. Over the past year about 500 Resources Canada) to produce a colourful two-sided copies have sold for a minimum donation of $5.00; a pamphlet on the Geology of Mount Robson Provincial price set to cover subsequent printings. The Mount Park. Mount Robson, for which the park is named, is the Robson Interpretive Centre also features an enlargement highest peak in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. of the pamphlet as one of its main displays. The distribu- Lindsay Iredale (University of Calgary) was the key tion and display of the pamphlet at these public venues designer working under the supervision of Gerry M. Ross does much to increase the public profile of the CSPG (Geological Survey of Canada) who conceived of the ETF with the advantage of being more accessible to the project after many years of conducting geological general public than if only available through sponsoring research in and around the park, most recently as a association offices. This is one of the great benefits of the prime investigator with the Windermere Consortium. broad spectrum of products and activities supported by the CSPG ETF. Side one of the pamphlet includes a geological map with accompanying photographs of Certainly the Mount Robson Interpretive geological and landscape highlights, a primer on under- Pamphlet has garnered the attention of the public and standing geological maps, a graphic geological time done much to increase the public’s awareness and scale, a description of the major geological units in the knowledge of geosciences. Wayne Van Velzen, Area park, and a simplified cross section (based on Eric Supervisor for 20 years at Mount Robson Park, wrote Mountjoy,s work) showing the architecture of Mount upon seeing the pre-print of the pamphlet that of the “… Robson. Side two consists of photographs and illustra- many education/interpretation packages developed… it tions describing how the Rocky Mountains were built, the is by far the best.” It is “… an excellent product to help unique fossils of the first hard-bodied life, the effects of our half million visitors per year better understand and glaciation on the mountains, and why Mount Robson is appreciate the park's landscapes;” a resounding testimony so high. There is also a panel describing turbidity currents, for a product proudly supported by the CSPG turbidites, and Bouma sequences. One of the major Educational Trust Fund. geological units in the park, the Miette Group, is comprised predominantly of turbidite deposits which, as the pamphlet explains, attract the attention of many petroleum geologists since such deposits are a common target of offshore exploration.
15 • educational trust fund donors
$20,000+ $1,000-$4,999 Husky Energy Bruce G. McIntyre Anderson Energy Ltd. Ian E. Hutcheon Apache Canada Ltd. Imperial Oil Resources $5,000+ James E. Barclay Jenik Consulting Inc. Anadarko Canada Corporation Bellport Resources Ltd. Tako Koning APEGGA Ted Best Keith A. Lowell Andrew D. Baillie BP Canada Energy Company McAra Printing William A. Bell Charles L. Buckley Mike Ware Memorial Fund Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Burnet, Duckworth, Palmer LLP Murphy Oil Company Ltd. ConocoPhillips Canada C.S.E.G. Nexen Inc. Devon Canada Corporation Tony Cadrin Arne R. Nielsen EnCana Corporation B. S. Norford C.K. Caldwell Robert H. Erickson Alice & Allin Folinsbee Payne Continental Laboratories In Memory of Grace Shultz: Fred G. Rayer (1985) Ltd. Earl Fawcett Reeves Wireline John A. Downing Harley N. Hotchkiss Kathryn A. Scales Bob Earle Olympic Seismic Ltd. Shell Canada Limited ECL Canada Petro-Canada Oil And Gas N. Desmond Smith Faraway Resources Sproule Associates Limited Charles R. Stelck geoLOGIC systems ltd. Darol J. Wigham Talisman Energy Inc. George D. Grant Uldis Upitis Andrew P. Holder Harry W. Woodward Michael E. Hriskevich Anonymous Donors: 4
$500-$999 F. Bernard Clare Donald M. Kent Samson Canada Ltd. John Andriuk Dean W. Clemenson R. James Kirker William D.M. Smith Stephen A. Antoniuk Michael J. DesRoches D. Keith MacDonald Christian Viau Gordon A. Beach Warren J. Doenz Emmanuel Malterre John Wall Belloy Petroleum Andrew L. Evans Mancal Energy Inc. James Donald Weir Consulting A.F. Fischer Monica G. Meding Gordon C. Wells Graeme R. Bloy Brian F.G. Fischer MJ Systems Edwin P. Williams Phil Brown Thomas P. Gallagher Francois Montandon C. Edward Wright Cabre Exploration Ltd. R. Perry Glaister Murphy Canada Brenda M. Wright Calpine Canada G.G.L. Henderson Exploration Ltd. Raymond W. Yole Canadian Hunter D. W. Holmes Organ Family (Doreen) F. G. Young Exploration Ltd. K. Dave Hutchinson Don R. Reid Anonymous Donors: 2 M.A. Carrigy A.R. Keevil Rozsa Petroleum Ltd.
The Educational Trust Fund is grateful to everyone who has made a donation to this worthwhile and important program.
CSPG Educational Trust Fund
160, 540 – 5 Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta Canada
T2P 0M2 p. 403.264.5610
f. 403.264.5898
w. cspg.org PALAEONTOLOGY DIVISION
Geology, faunal composition, and taphonomy of a Late Cretaceous shell bed in the Milk River valley, southern Alberta
SPEAKER Emily Frampton University of Calgary
7:30-9 PM Friday, October 15th, 2004
Room B108 Mount Royal College 4825 Richard Road SW Calgary, Alberta
The Pinhorn Ranch site is a rich faunal assemblage of Late Cretaceous age containing both invertebrate and vertebrate microfossil material. The site is located within the Foremost Formation, a transitional unit between the underlying marine Pakowki Formation and the overlying non-marine Oldman Formation. The Foremost Formation was deposited in a marginal marine shoreline environment that records a series of regressive cycles of barrier-island beach sands overlain by lagoonal and marsh deposits laid down during the regression of the Pakowki Sea 79 million years ago. This site was also within close proximity to continental, freshwater and brackish water environments, the influences of which are reflected in the faunal composition of the assemblage. The site has yielded bivalves, oysters, and gastropods, and the teeth and bones of sharks, fish, amphibians, crocodiles, turtles, and dinosaurs. Brackish and marine fauna are the most common, as the site was deposited in a brackish to marine environment. Freshwater and continental fauna are rarer as they were transported into the site.To date, nearly 50 species have been identified from this assemblage. The site itself appears to be a mixed accumulation of fauna that shows no distinct pattern of deposition. But extensive mapping and excavation, and the collection of taphonomic attributes such as the degree of abrasion, the orientation of elements, the amount of fragmentation, and several other features will allow depositional patterns to be recognized and provide information on environmental energy, the degree of transport of specimens, and other factors of
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19 NOVEMBER LUNCHEON (...Continued from Page 13)
carbonate particle composition and fossil an originally more heterogeneous facies than BIOGRAPHY abundance reflecting bathymetrical variations. hitherto appreciated. Obliteration and storm Arndt graduated from the Ruprecht-Karls- A subdivision of the succession is not based sedimentation played an important role in the Universität in Heidelberg with a German merely on vertical lithological changes but determination of the platform architecture. Diploma degree in geology-palaeontology in instead third-order transgressive-regressive These processes and the predominance of non- 1993. In 1996 Arndt received his M.Sc. followed facies trends were used, which can be reef flora and fauna, such as green algae and by his Ph.D. in Geology from the College of correlated over hundreds of kilometres across echinoderms, especially in post-extinction Graduate Studies and Research at the University the epeiric platform. During long-term periods, likely influenced the architecture of of Saskatchewan. Arndt has received numerous transgressions, restricted easterly platform many other epeiric carbonate platforms in awards and was the winner of the 2003 CSPG areas – now in the subsurface of the Alberta similar ways, for example by preventing the Ph.D. thesis award.Arndt is currently involved with Foothills and Prairies – developed potential development of a distinct rim.The results of this an award of a 24-month European Commission stratigraphic traps for hydrocarbons with work could serve as a model for an improved Marie Curie Individual Fellowship for post- peritidal calcisiltstones and fenestral fabric sedimentological understanding of many giant doctorate research in Cambridge, England. sandwiched into regressive evaporite deposits. tropical platforms that have previously been largely neglected. Finally, the reconstruction of CONCLUSIONS the Palliser facies architecture significantly Seemingly monotonous, thick limestone improves the prospects of locating oil and gas in successions, such as the Palliser Formation, hide these platform deposits.
EMERGING PETROLEUM RESOURCES DIVISION
The mandate of the Emerging Petroleum resources, please join the EPRD e-mail Resources Division (EPRD) is to provide a distribution list by contacting forum for CSPG members that are engaged [email protected] with title “EPRD list”. in the search, characterization, and evaluation of resources that are commonly regarded as “unconventional” here in Canada. As we look ahead for future Now available for import into petroleum resources, much of the ACCUMAP and other production is expected to come from less mapping programs: conventional plays. Some of the primary emerging resources include coalbed 1) Mississippian Subcrops and Devonian methane, gas and oil shales, gas hydrates, Reef Edges – Alberta, NE BC, Sask. and and very-low permeability reservoirs.All of NWT - completely updated in 2003/04 these emerging resources have large resource estimates attached, but are 2) Glauconitic Channel Trends currently challenged by technological or – Southern and central Alberta economic limitations. 3) Colony Reservoir Trends Monthly luncheons are held at noon on the – East-central Alberta second Wednesday of every month in the 4) Bluesky-Dunlevy Reservoir Trends ConocoPhillips Auditorium. The – NE BC ConocoPhillips Auditorium is located on the +30 level on the west end of the 5) Halfway-Doig Shoreline Trends building, at 401 - 9th Avenue SW, Calgary. – NE BC, NW AB Speakers for the luncheons are sought from industry, academia, and research 6) Charlie Lake Siphon, Cecil and North institutions to include topics on coalbed Pine Reservoir Trends – NE BC methane, gas hydrates, gas and oil shales, very-low permeability reservoirs, and other All edges are formatted as map features and as editable annotation resources that gain attention in these lines and regions “unconventional resource” arenas. For more information contact For information on last-minute speakers, changes in date or venue, and the latest Mike Sherwin at 262-1151 Email [email protected] information on unconventional petroleum or view at www.sherwingeological.com
20
JACK PORTER- VIGNETTES OF CANADIAN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
Continued from the September Reservoir
Martin Frobisher’s Second Voyage Foreland (Hall Peninsula), he had instructed the along the shoreline cliffs. During this to his “Frobishers Streytes” to masters and crews of the Gabriel and Michael engagement, the seamen captured two native mine for gold to explore for gold ore along the Southwest women, one of which was released owing to Foreland. It was at one of the many coves her decrepit condition. The other, a young Leaving the Thames estuary, Frobisher’s small investigated that the seamen and prospectors mother with an infant, was taken aboard one of fleet sailed up the North Sea and docked at unexpectedly came upon a native settlement. the ships as a hostage. Following the encounter, the Orkney Islands on June 7th where, after The surprised and fearful inhabitants the seamen returned to the abandoned tents bartering for fresh produce, the three ships immediately fled into the interior. Their flight of the natives and despoiled their contents. In advanced westward in the North Atlantic. resulted in the unobstructed foraging of the doing so, some clothes were found amongst Master Yorke, in the leading vessel, Michael, natives’ camp and the theft of one of their dogs the natives’ belongings, which were presumed sighted the southern extremity of Greenland by the seamen. In a surreptitious attempt to by the seamen to have been part of the attire (Friesland) on July 4th. The fleet, after establish contact with the wary natives, whom of their five missing colleagues. reconnoitering its coastline for four days, was they anticipated would soon return, some unable to make land owing to a mist-shrouded knives and small trinkets were conspicuously During their investigation of the coastline of sea congested with ice flows. By July 17th, after dispersed in some of their tents. However, the the Southwest Foreland, Frobisher’s crossing the Labrador Sea, they reached natives, suspecting treachery on the part of the prospectors came upon a dead Arctic narwhal landfall of Hall’s Islet and Hall’s Island, both seamen, attacked them as they attempted to beached on the shore of an inlet. This most being seaward extensions of Hall Peninsula return to the Gabriel and Michael. In the captivating souvenir from the sea both (Northeast Foreland). ensuing encounter, their bows and arrows mystified and astonished the prospectors. Its were no match for the harquebusiers fired by singular tapered and spiraling ivory tusk was During a storm the following day, the fleet some of the soldiers escorting the sailors and almost two yards in length. George Best, who found shelter by anchoring in a cove on Hall’s prospectors in the ships’ longboats to their was Martin Frobisher’s deputy aboard the Islet, the small island from where the “blacke vessels. These portable guns were so Ayde and one of the narrators of Frobisher’s stone” had been found the previous summer. incomprehensible to the terrified natives that expeditions, sketched this fascinating whale Frobisher was rowed ashore with a number of they fled in disarray, some leaping into the sea and named it, understandably, a “sea unicorn”. miners and craftsmen, including two assayers, to their deaths from their strategic positions He, unmistakably, portrayed this whale as to prospect for “gold ewer”, but after scouring (Continued on Page 24...) the terrain, the prospecting party returned to the Ayde, the search being futile.
The entrance to “Frobisher Streytes” had Advancing the process been blocked by icebergs and pack ice when the fleet first arrived at Hall’s Islet. However, of reservoir management on the morning of July 19th, the passageway Providing key reservoir engineering and geological solutions. was unrestricted, the ice barriers having been blown out to sea. Martin Frobisher enthusiastically ordered his fleet to proceed into his streytes” where, after crossing to its Southwest Foreland (Meta Incognita), the three vessels found safe harbor in a large fiord. He named it Jackman’s Sound in honour of Charles Jackman, the mate to Master Christopher Hall of the Ayde, for his navigational prowess in evading the wind- • Regional Mapping • Waterfl ood, Planning and driven icebergs during the previous stormy • 3D / 4D Reservoir Mapping for Optimization night. It was here on July 20th, 1577 that Geo-steering • Property Evaluations Martin Frobisher conducted a service for the • 3D Mapping, Characterization and • Corporate Reserves assembled crew members of the flagship Ayde, Visualization • Simulation Studies Gabriel, and Michael, offering prayers of • Coalbed Methane Studies • Production Engineering thanksgiving for their safe crossing and present refuge. He further prayed for the redemption • Integrated Reservoir Studies • Heavy Oil Studies (EOR, SAGD) of the natives of the region, which he INTEGRITY EXPERTISE RELIABILITY described as “those barbarous people trained up in Paganrie and infidelitie” and their eventual conversion to Christianity (Ibid., UNITED OIL & GAS 1971, Morison, Samuel Eliot ---pp. 520, 521). CONSULTING LTD.
Prior to Frobisher’s departure in the Ayde, 500, 777 - 8th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3R5 from Jackman’s Sound to the Northeast Tel: 403.265.0111 Fax: 403.294.9544 Email: [email protected] www.uogc.com
23 (...Continued from Page 23) having a fish’s body, exhibiting both dorsal and ventral fins including a tail fin.The body of his “fish” appears to be scale-covered. After removing and examining its tusk, it was discerned that the tip had been broken, revealing a hollow interior. Since the horn of the mythical unicorn was reputed to possess medicinal properties, specifically as an antidote for poison, the seamen inserted living spiders into the tusk’s interior chamber and observed that the spiders had died. One can only assume that the reputed results of their experiment with the spiders and “horn” of their dead “sea unicorn” would allay any former doubts concerning the existence of the unicorn, perpetuated by generations through folklore (1963, Oleson,Tryggvi J.: Early Voyages and Northern Approaches 1000- 1632, pub. McCelland and Stewart Ltd., p. 150).
After returning to England, Frobisher presented the ivory tusk to Queen Elizabeth. She was so intrigued with her gift that she considered it as an amusing ornament, dubbing it a “jewel” and would enjoy displaying it as a conversational topic when entertaining her courtly guests.
During the period when the crews of the Gabriel and Michael had been prospecting the shores of the Southwest Foreland, Frobisher in the flagship Ayde had been searching the Northeast Foreland of his “streytes” for a safe harbor to prospect for gold ore. At the same time, he was ever mindful of the fate of his five seamen captured by the natives the previous year. He was hopeful that they were still alive and could be ransomed by exchange of kind.
On arriving at Hall’s Island (Loks Land) sometime in late July, Frobisher, along with 40 members of his ship’s 120-man compliment, were transferred in longboats to the island, not only for the purpose of accessing it for its gold potential, but to lay title to the region. Frobisher’s landing party was comprised of 30 gentlemen investors in the Company of Cathay, the remainder being soldiers and prospectors. Failing to find any worthwhile “precious” ore, the group ascended a conspicuous hill, located on the south-central side of the island, to conduct a formal ceremony as a rite to take possession of the region. Believing the island and its adjacent Northeast Foreland to be the western extremity of the Asian continent, Frobisher’s party, at the crest of the prominent hill, commenced their ceremony with an invocation of solemn prayer.This was followed by a somewhat pompous display of military protocol and accompanied by trumpet blasts, which ritual officially sanctioned the region on behalf of Queen Elizabeth. Frobisher named the island’s hill Mount Warwick, in honour of the Earl of Warwick, their expedition’s principal
24 (Continued on Page 29...) ROCK SHOP
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Please call: Visit our website at Kim MacLean www.cspg.org Tel: 403.264.5610 ext 205
BY EMILY DUNCAN, GEDCO Exploration geologists can benefit from High apply an algorithm that ‘reduces to the pole’ Resolution AeroMagnetic (HRAM) data the anomalies, which means that it moves the as a complement to their conventional anomalies to above their true source. This is interpretation. Then why, in this environment necessary because the inclination of Earth’s of integrated interpretation, is there magnetic field at different latitudes causes the sometimes a level of intimidation when it peak of anomalies in the data to appear at comes to employing the potential field locations other than right over their source. methods, specifically HRAM data? Perhaps it is This is especially important at mid-latitudes, the fear of the unknown that causes not as important at Northern latitudes, and professionals in our industry to shy away from not applicable near the equator. this useful data. In this article, we will be exploring the acquisition, processing, and After cultural editing and reduction to the pole interpretation of HRAM data. are complete, the processing and interpretation of HRAM data becomes an Traditionally, aeromagnetic data have been integral task. The magnetic data at this point used to map the magnetic basement below show a general distribution of magnetic sedimentary cover and intra-sedimentary anomalies demonstrating broad regional trends intrusions, allowing geoscientists to have a (Fig. 1). It is important to highlight as much better understanding of structure. Recently, structure as possible in this phase of advances in acquisition, processing, and processing. This is accomplished through the interpretation techniques have made it Figure 1.Total Magnetic Field data after application of a series of filters that enhance possible to also map intra-sedimentary faults Reduction-to-Pole.The magnetic anomaly caused geologically meaningful anomalies which are and fracture zones. To understand how these by the Souris River Fault is not visible here. naturally of low-amplitude signals. Such advances resolve the sedimentary section, it is anomalies form correlatable trends and important to understand the overall below the Curie point (550ºC), geologically lineaments caused by structural elements in acquisition and processing workflow. important magnetic anomalies exist only to the basement and sedimentary cover (Fig.2).At depths of 30-40 km from surface. The this point, it is impossible to tell quantitatively High Resolution AeroMagnetic data are basement and intra-sedimentary anomalies are from what depth the anomalies transpire. acquired by flying an aircraft with a mounted what geophysicists try to unveil in the magnetometer approximately 100 – 150m processing of HRAM data, and are later Depth inversion is the next stage of the from the ground surface over an area of interpreted to produce maps that are used in processing/interpretation workflow. The exploration interest. The aircraft typically the integrated interpretation workflow. purpose of depth inversion is to find the flies along closely spaced (100-800m) parallel distribution in depth of the subsurface sources lines (traverse lines) and along wider-spaced Several corrections to the acquired data must for anomalies. Along each flight line, depth cross lines (control lines) usually flown take place so that the data are ready for solutions are calculated which define the perpendicular to the traverse lines.These are processing. The Earth’s core magnetic field is subsurface position of magnetic sources that used to tie the traverse lines. In-field quality subtracted from the observed data. The core (Continued on Page 28...) control allows for recognition and correction magnetic field is estimated using the of acquisition problems. These data are, International Geomagnetic Reference Field therefore, a grid representing the Earth’s (IGRF). Effects of solar radiation, called diurnal magnetic field recorded along the flight lines. variations, are determined using the flight- This magnetic field is a combination of the synchronized records of the ground Earth’s internal (core) magnetic field, fields magnetometer and are also subtracted from generated by anthropogenic sources, external the observed data. Anthropogenic or cultural magnetic fields (solar radiation), and anomalies (caused by pipelines, wells, bridges, geological anomalies. farms, processing plants, etc.) generate noise in the data at high frequencies that can mask The Earth’s magnetic field, if it were geological anomalies. Cultural editing removes undisturbed, would be akin to a dipole magnet, these particular artifacts from the data and is positioned at the centre of the Earth. performed by a knowledgeable geophysicist However, lateral variations of the rocks’ who compares video of the ground surface magnetization, caused by the combined effects with recordings from the magnetometer.The of induced and remnant magnetism, create cultural sources that cause the anomalies are regional and local disturbances (anomalies) in observed visually and are checked against this field.These variations are associated with anomalies on the raw magnetic data.They are the origin and geological structure of the area then removed from the digital version of the under consideration. Magnetization of rocks is data using special software.The key to cultural defined by their magnetic susceptibility which editing is to not remove any real subsurface is controlled by their concentration of magnetic anomaly in the process. Figure 2. Filtered Magnetic Field map. Data from Fig. 1 were processed using separation, Goussev, magnetic minerals. Because a rock’s and bandpass filters. Filtering reveals a strong magnetization can only exist at temperatures The next step in the processing workflow is to linear anomaly caused by the Souris River Fault.
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(...Continued from Page 26...) are generating anomalies. The calculation of Once the depth solutions have been calculated their distribution is usually performed using along the flight lines, they are put into a the Werner and Euler inversion algorithms. program such as MaFIC™ (Magnetic Fault These algorithms exploit the fact that short- Identification Cube). This program takes the wavelength anomalies are from shallow discrete depth solutions that exist on a 3D sources and long-wavelength anomalies are grid, and through mathematical extrapolation, from deeper sources. creates a continuous 3D volume. This is essentially a 3D visualization tool of 2D magnetic data that has been inverted over a pre-selected range of depths. The enhanced magnetic anomaly maps and the 3D volume (MaFIC™) are compared to correlate lineaments and trends of their truncations (Fig. 3). With these two data sets, the structural grain is represented, showing a generalized view of structural discontinuities that could be faults, stratigraphic edges, or magnetic Figure 4. MaFIC™ volume of data integrated with contacts in the basement. gravity anomaly (A) and seismic surface (B) on a workstation. Presenting the data in a 3D volume is useful as Resolution AeroMagnetic (HRAM) data it can be loaded into a workstation and continually prove to be useful in mapping compared directly to other digital data sets. It basement structure as well as aiding is a powerful integration tool for magnetic geoscientists in interpreting the sedimentary data with geological, seismic, topographic, section. HRAM data provide additional and/or gravity data.Integration strengthens the information and perspective, particularly when interpretation since we can look at dealing with 2D seismic or in wrench fault correlations between data that are all acquired environments. independently. Figure 3.A depth slice at 50m below surface from For further information on HRAM data and the 3D volume created using MaFIC™. Linear The ambiguity of separate interpretations how it can enhance geological interpretation, magnetic anomaly, caused by the Souris River Fault drops dramatically with each different type of please contact GEDCO at (403) 262-5780 or (Fig. 2), correlates with a trend of shallow depth solutions obtained by the Euler inversion algorithm. data interpretation that we include. High visit their website www.gedco.com.
PALAEONTOLOGY RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, RESPONSIBILITIES DIVISION and OBILGATIONS of (...Continued from Page 19) SEISMIC DATA OWNERSHIP
accumulation.This data can then be used to determine the mode of formation for this SPECIAL SEISMIC DATA OWNERSHIP COURSE: rich faunal site. October 18, 2004
BIOGRAPHY: Identify and clarify unwritten rules practiced in industry as they pertain to seismic Emily Frampton received a B.Sc. in Earth Sciences data ownership. Address subtle nuances where current standard industry practice is from the University of Calgary and is currently not uniform. A sampling of the topics discussed in this seminar include: working on a M.Sc. in paleontology at the University of Calgary under the supervision of • The Do’s and Don’ts of Data Quality Inspections • Releasing Data for Sale • Dr. L.V. Hills. Previous experience in paleontology • Data Room Practices • Seismic Data Licensing Agreements • includes several field seasons as a laboratory • Partner Obligations and Responsibilities • Copying Data and Maps • technician at the Field Station of the Royal Tyrrell • Data Archival Obligations for Frontier Datasets • Museum in Dinosaur Provincial Park. • Third Party Data Licensing Agreements • Speculative Survey Transfer Fees INFORMATION: This seminar will also bring these rules and obligations to life for the attendee This event is jointly presented by the Alberta through the use of common business case scenarios involving seismic data such as Palaeontological Society, Mount Royal College corporate acquisitions, property divestitures, farmouts, show & tells, seismic review and the CSPG Palaeontology Division. For information or to present a talk in the future options and seismic data sale transactions. please contact CSPG Paleo Divison Chair Philip Instructor: J. Douglas Uffen, P. Geoph. Benham at 403-691-3343 or programs@ Fee: Non-Member: $400.00 plus GST (CAPL Member $350.00 plus GST) albertapaleo.org. Visit the APS website for confirmation of event times and upcoming speakers: http://www.albertapaleo.org/ Please contact Denise Grieve at 237-6635 or [email protected] to register.
28 VOLUNTEER WITH THE EDMONTON SCIENCE OUTREACH NETWORK
BY CATHY PERRATON, EDMONTON SCIENCE OUTREACH NETWORK The Edmonton Science Outreach Network “Science isn’t just about taking notes.” Petrochemicals Industry, Medicine,Astronomy (ESON) invites Scientists, Technologists, “Scientists can tell you so much more.” and Space Science, Agriculture, Construction, Engineers, and Mathematicians (STEMs) to the Mechanical Trades, Engineering and help us engage students in science and STEMs are also a vital resource for Technology, Geology, and Meteorology. Those technology. teachers. Feedback from teachers emphasizes examples are hardly exhaustive. In addition, the value of tactile learning and the positive STEMs may contribute expertise garnered STEMs report that they volunteer with response from the students: from personal interests or hobbies like Bird ESON because it gives the opportunity to: • ESON’s volunteers “bring the curriculum to Watching or Model Building. • Encourage student participation in science life and in my opinion, reality beats virtual • Share their knowledge with students science.” CONTACT ESON • Provide information to students on careers ESON is a non-profit organization that has in science “It amazed me how electric the atmosphere connected volunteer STEMs with teachers became, and how interested the kids were.” for 14 years.To volunteer with ESON or for ESON volunteers may visit classrooms and ESON volunteers also answer science and more information contact: share their passion for science and technology technology questions, facilitate field trips, Dr. Michael Caley at 448-0055; through hands-on presentations.The majority guest lecture at conferences, and deliver [email protected]; www.sciencehotline.ca of our requests are from Elementary Schools. teacher professional development STEMs provide curriculum support on topics workshops. Anyone who is interested in volunteering ranging from: Rocks and Minerals, Testing but does not live in the Edmonton and Area Materials and Designs,Waste and Our World, BREAKING STEREOTYPES Region please contact: Plant Growth and Changes, Electricity and Our vision of a “scientist” is exceptionally The Alberta Science Literacy Association Magnetism, Weather Watch, Sky Science, and inclusive. Part of our mission of promoting (ASLA) at (403) 245-8942 or email Heat and Temperature. science education includes breaking down [email protected] barriers and stereotypes. ESON is committed Students benefit from personal, interactive to changing the way students think about ASLA is a provincial organization that contact with STEMs working in diverse fields. science and scientists.A classroom visit from a coordinates the five Science Outreach Following a classroom visit from our volunteer STEM can belie the image of a Networks in: volunteers, students report being increasingly scientist as the “mad scientist” working in • Edmonton (ESON) aware of science and technology in their lives. isolation in a cluttered, bubbling laboratory. • Calgary STEMs work in a dizzying array of fields and • Grande Prairie Students report that they learned more from ESON volunteers represent: the Natural • Medicine Hat ideas “being explained in a different way.” Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, the • Red Deer
JACK PORTER (...Continued from Page 24) patron.To further affirm the legitimacy of their buttocks from one of the natives, as he and his desirous of contacting him. Accordingly, he claim, they erected, as tangible evidence, a cairn partner scrambled for safety. Before reaching penned a letter, dated August 7th, 1577, which of rocks in the shape of a cross,upon which the the longboats, a sturdy Cornish miner was directed to any one of the five seamen. Queen’s ensign was affixed. managed to grab one of the natives and in the The letter informed them that he had on ensuing tussle, was successful in capturing board the Ayde three native hostages: a man, On the return to the Ayde, following him. Owing to the rapidly deteriorating woman, and child. Frobisher further states Frobisher’s party descent from Mount weather conditions, Frobisher’s party, along that the male captured the previous year died Warwick, they were met by a large group of with their hostage, were unable to utilize the shortly after arriving in England. He succinctly natives who appeared receptive to engage in a longboats to return to the Ayde.This resulted enunciates the repercussions should the session of bartering.Accordingly, by gesturing, in a miserable night spent onshore in the terms of his ransom fail to be met by stating the natives conveyed a procedure that would open, where an expected attack by the natives in part: “Moreover you may declare unto entail two members from the corresponding failed to materialize. Frobisher, hoping the five them, that if they deliver you not, I wyll not parties to be engage in the actual trading seamen were still held captive by the natives, leave a manne alive in their Countrey. And transactions. Frobisher, acutely concerned of was once again in a bargaining position to thus, if one of you can come to speake with the fate of his five seamen who were taken negotiate their release. The native woman, me, they shall have eyther the Man,Woman,or hostage by natives the previous summer, with her infant, as well as a native man had Childe in pawne for you.” Along with his letter decided to engage in a devious tactic. He been secured on the Ayde. He believed his to be delivered by native couriers to the selected, as his partner, Master Christopher only recourse was to arrange a reciprocal hostages, Frobisher included “Penne, Incke, Hall of the Ayde who together, on the pretext exchange of each others’ hostages. Frobisher’s and Paper.” His rational was that should their of friendly swapping of trade articles, would hopes were subsequently buoyed when a captors be unprepared to fulfill his demands, attempt to capture their native counterparts. deputation of natives met with him, expressing the seamen, if alive, could conceivably alert The ruse failed and, for his efforts, Frobisher through their use of sign language that their Frobisher of their existence, assuming the received an arrow deftly imbedded in his white hostages were in the region and were natives would permit a reply (Ibid., 1971,
(Continued on Page 32...) 29 ENRICHMENT FACTORS OF THE QINSHUI COAL BED METHANE RESERVOIR IN CHINA
BY JIANBO ZHANG, CONSULTANT
ABSTRACT The factors of coalbed methane (CBM) WELLS Jin 2 Jin 3 Jin 4 enrichment include CBM resource, permeability, desorption condition, pressure Coal bed #3, 13C (‰) -29.99 -34.80 -27 of coal bed, preservation condition, and 1 hydrological condition. Where the above Coal bed #15, 13C (‰) -28.96 -38.69 -20.8 conditions are combined beneficially, 1 commercial CBM reservoirs can be formed. Table 1: The testing results of C-isotope of methane Qinshui CBM reservoir is a successful exploration example. WELLS P2 006 007 Jin 1 Jin 2 Jin 3 008 INTRODUCTION Qinshui Basin is located in Northern China’s Permeability of Shanxi province. Qinshui CBM reservoir is Coal bed #3 0.30 0.61 2.0 0.51 0.19 0.88 1.1 in the southern part of the basin.There are (×10-3µm2) two main coal beds, one of Permian age Permeability of (coal bed #3) the other of Carboniferous Coal bed #15 1.52 0.80 1.15 – – – 0.81 age (coal bed #15).The first CBM well in the (×10-3µm2) basin was Well Jin 1, drilled by Petro-China in 1997. Initial production was 4050 m3/d. Table 2: The testing results of coal bed permeability The depth of the coal beds is about 500 meters. Five other wells were drilled results in higher permeability as the higher that the reservoir has a very good around Well Jin1 in the same year, with well the percentage of vitrinite, the more preservation condition. spacing of about 300 meters. Each produce common are coal cleats. 2700 – 3000 m3/d. Jin 1-2 has the highest HYDROLOGICAL CONDITION production at 9780 m3/d. Three more wells PRESERVATION CONDITION The water production is 3 – 10m3/d after were drilled in this area later – Jin 2, The reservoir is located in the southern hydraulic fracturing.The total salinity is about Jin 3, and Jin 4. Each produces around part of Qinshui basin where there are fewer 2800 mg/l. The biggest fault near the CBM 3000 m3/d.The gas in place is 35.2 e9m3 in an closed faults. It is a very good structure for reservoir is a closed fault. It prevents water area covering 182.22 km2. CBM to be preserved in the reservoir. from flowing through the reservoir (see Fig.1), thus protecting the methane in this area. CHARACTER OF COAL BED There is more than 10 meters of mudstone The thickness of coal bed #3 is 5 – 6m, on top of the coal bed #3. Underlying it are GAS CONTENT and the depth is 300 – 750m. Coal bed #15 mudstones and siltstones.They do not have The gas content and gas saturation are quite has a thickness of 2 – 3m and the depth is many fractures and they form good top and high in the Qinshui CBM reservoir. Gas 100m lower than the depth of coal bottom seals. content of coal bed #3 ranges from a high of bed #3. 31.6m3/t to a low of 10.93 m3/t.The highest The breakthrough pressure for the cap rock gas content of coal bed #15 is 37.34m3/t and The vitrinite reflectance of the coal beds is of coal bed #3 is 3 – 10MPa, while that of the lowest is 9.9 m3/t. Gas saturation of coal 2.58% – 3.78%. Their gas content is more coal bed #15 is 2 – 15Mpa. This indicates a bed #3 is 90 – 100% while the gas saturation than 25 m3/t and gas saturations are more very competent cap rock. of coal bed #15 is 73 – 93%. than 90%.The generating gas substances are 13 vitrinite and inertinite. The content of Test results for C1 ranged from PERMEABILITY OF THE COAL BED vitrinite is 65.7 – 96.8%. The high vitrinite -20.8 – -39‰. The methane content is Although there are not as many cleats in the content of the coal beds in Qinshui Basin 94.5 – 98% (Tables 1, 2).These results show coal bed related to the coal rank, there are
Figure 1. Sketch map of Qinshui CBM reservoir. 30 A WORLD OF EXPERIENCE SEISMIC PROCESSING SERVICES
STRATIGRAPHIC STRUCTURAL DEPTH MARINE
StratigraphicStratigraphicStructural Structural
DepthDepthMarine Marine
Maximize your exploration potential with accurate and reliable seismic processing solutions from Arcis. Our experienced geoscientists use leading edge tools, software, and technology to increase your competitive advantage.
Arcis Corporation Suite 300, 404 - 6th Avenue SW Calgary, AB T2P 0R9 T: 403.781.1700 F: 403.269.1966 www.arcis.com many natural fractures because of structural movements.As a result, the permeabilities of the coal beds are higher compared to the coal beds in other areas of China. The highest permeability is 2x10-3 m2 (see Table 2).
CONCLUSIONS Factors of coalbed methane(CBM) enrichment include CBM resource, permeability, and pressure within the coal bed that is influenced by preservation and hydrological conditions. In the Qinshui Basin, the above conditions are combined beneficially with each other. Thus the CBM reservoir has a very high gas content, gas saturation, and pressure. Qinshui CBM reservoir is the first CBM reservoir in China and a very good example of where multiple factors have come together to enhance the reservoir.
REFERENCES Jianbo Zhang, Hongyan Wang. 1999. The forecast of CBM sweet point in Qinshui basin.
Kai Qian, Qingbo Zhao. 1996. The theory and test technology of CBM development and exploration.
JACK PORTER (...Continued from Page 29)
Morison, Samuel Eliot ---pp. 522-526). “gold ore” may have had more to do with the logistics involved in mining and transporting Commencing on or near August 1, 1577 and Unfortunately, Frobisher’s hopes had been the ore to the ships as well as providing continuing for the next three weeks, dashed, for not one of the five hostages nor a protection from the natives. In regards to the approximately 200 tons of country rock, letter of reply was delivered to him. His letter, latter, a small house “fortress” was believed to constitute gold ore, was removed which he presumed had been delivered, constructed of rocks and mud bricks during from Anne Warwick Island. It was selectively appears to have been withheld, the captured the ensuing mining operations. trenched and conveyed to the holds of the seamen, if alive, never having been aware of the three ships. At this juncture the season was natives’ ulterior motives. What they had During Elizabethan times the genesis of showing signs of change with ice, formed instigated appears to have been a ruse to metallic occurrences within the earth’s crust during the night, encrusting the ship’s hulls; a entrap, maim, or murder additional seamen. was influenced more by philosophical portent of the impending Arctic winter. No further dialogue was forthcoming, the reasoning than by scientific observation. natives having withheld any additional Gabriel Frascatus, in 1575, believed that baser The next day the tents were dismantled which information that would shed light on the metals gradually “mature” into the nobler ones was followed by a departure ceremony hostages’ past or present status.Their ultimate and further that differential heat within the involving the lighting of a fire, and a parade with plight lay shrouded in mystery for some 286 earth’s crust determines the rank of the metal, the display of ensigns, and terminating with the years until Charles Francis’ disclosure in 1863 such that with increasing heat pyrite would soldiers firing a salute to Countess Anne (CSPG Reservoir, July/August, 2004). beget lead, which in turn begets silver which Warwick. Thus ended 36-day duration of finally begets gold.An analog with the vegetable exploring for and mining of “gold ore” in the In late July, 1577, Frobisher ordered the crews kingdom for the origin of gold held that there remote region of “Frobishers Streytes”. of the Gabriel and Michael to proceed to was a maturing of a “metallic seed” ripening Countess of Warwick Sound, which was into gold (1938, 2nd ed. 1954, Adams, Frank Frobisher’s fleet, after weighing anchors, set located on the Northeast Foreland. He had Dawson: The Birth and Development of the sail on August 23rd and were home-bound for selected a small island near the north entrance Geological Sciences, pub. Dover Publications, England with their “ore” and three native to the Sound to be the site of their mining Inc., pp. 296,297).This maturation concept may hostages intact. The return voyage to England operation. He named it Anne Warwick Island have influenced Frobisher’s gold seekers in was not without difficulties and tragedy. in honour of the Countess. It would appear selecting pyrite-bearing rocks as an indicator of that his selection of this location to garner this baser metal’s coexistence with gold. To be continued...
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The Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists – Educational Trust Fund in association with The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists and the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta presents:
Featuring National Geographic Photographer Emory Kristof
Through the porthole of a submersible, The CSPG Educational Trust Fund,, inin partnership with The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (CSEG), and The Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists & Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA), will present the 2004 Honorary Address: Volcanoes of the Deep Sea. On Tuesday November 9th,, NationalNational GeographicGeographic PhotographerPhotographer Emory Kristof will take us to the depths of the oceans and introduce us to the sunless world that flourishes along the Mid-Ocean Ridges. At over 2000 feet below sea level, technology will allow us to discover the unknown universe of mid-oceanic ridges and deep sea vents including scalding black smokers billowing ultra-hot fluids and unique organisms exploiting the rich waters. Emory’s work in the deep sea involves a challenging journey which has led to many scientific breakthroughs and thanks to the generosity of our corporate sponsors, a complimentary afternoon presentation for over 2400 students will inspire a new generation of scientific explorers. Tickets for the Honorary Address evening can be purchased through Ticketmaster starting October 1st and further details can be found in your poster insert in this issueissue ofof thethe reservoir.reservoir. See you in November… Adults $10 and students $6 – all taxes and fees included. Group rates available (10 or more)