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Odonata: Aeshnidae) LARISSA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO SILVA REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DO GRUPO RHIONAESCHNA PUNCTATA (MARTIN, 1908) (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) LAVRAS-MG 2018 LARISSA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO SILVA REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DO GRUPO Rhionaeschna punctata (MARTIN, 1908) (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, área de concentração em Entomologia, para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Prof. Dr. Marcel Gustavo Hermes Orientador Prof. Dr. Ângelo Parise Pinto Coorientador LAVRAS-MG 2018 icha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração de Ficha Catalográfica da Biblioteca Universitária da UFLA, com dados informados pela própria autora. Silva, Larissa de Fátima Ribeiro. Revisão taxonômica das espécies brasileiras do grupo Rhionaeschna punctata (Martin, 1908) (Odonata: Aeshnidae) / Larissa de Fátima Ribeiro Silva. - 2018. 82 p. : il. Orientador(a): Marcel Gustavo Hermes. Coorientador(a): Ângelo Parise Pinto. Dissertação (mestrado acadêmico) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2018. Bibliografia. 1. Aeshnini. 2. Anisoptera. 3. Complexo de espécies. I. Hermes, Marcel Gustavo. II. Pinto, Ângelo Parise. III. Título. O conteúdo desta obra é de responsabilidade LARISSA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO SILVA REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DO GRUPO RHIONAESCHNA PUNCTATA (MARTIN, 1908) (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE BRAZILIAN SPECIES OF THE GROUP RHIONAESCHNA PUNCTATA (MARTIN, 1908) (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, área de concentração em Entomologia, para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Aprovada em 19 de Fevereiro de 2018 Prof. Dr. Marcel Gustavo Hermes UFLA Prof. Dra. Kirstern Lica Haseyama UFMG Prof. Dra. Mírian Nunes Morales UFLA Prof. Dr. Marcel Gustavo Hermes Orientador Prof. Dr. Ângelo Parise Pinto Coorientador LAVRAS-MG 2018 À minha mãe Elci, minha fonte inesgotável de força, amor e ternura. Dedico AVISO A presente dissertação é parte dos requisitos necessários para obtenção do título de mestre na área de Entomologia, e como tal, não deve ser vista como uma publicação no senso do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (apesar de disponível publicamente sem restrições). Dessa forma, quaisquer informações, opiniões, atos nomenclatórios e hipóteses apresentadas, assim como novos nomes, não estão disponíveis na literatura Zoológica. Pessoas interessadas devem estar cientes de que referências públicas ao conteúdo deste estudo, em sua presente forma, devem somente ser feitas com aprovação prévia do autor. NOTICE This thesis is a partial requirement for Master degree in Entomology and, as such, it should not be considered as a publication in the sense of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (although is available without restrictions). Therefore, any new information, opinions, nomenclatural acts and hypotheses, as well as new names, are not available is the zoological literature. Interested people are advised that any public references to this study, in its current form, should only be done after previous acceptance of the author. AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer primeiramente ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Marcel, que desde o primeiro momento aceitou me orientar com um grupo em que não é especialista e com o qual não havia orientado ninguém antes, que sempre me encorajou e confiou no meu trabalho. Ao meu coorientador Prof. Dr. Ângelo que mesmo sem me conhecer se disponibilizou em me coorientar, me cedendo este projeto e me ajudando em todas as etapas do mesmo, e por ter compartilhado comigo o seu vasto conhecimento sobre libélulas, o qual levou anos e muito estudo e trabalho para adquirir. A Universidade Federal de Lavras e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Lavras por me proporcionar tamanho crescimento profissional e pessoal. Em especial a todos os professores e professoras do programa pela troca de conhecimentos dentro e fora de sala de aula. Desde já, agradeço a banca formada pela Prof. Dra. Mirian e Prof. Dra. Kirstern por terem aceitado o convite e pelas contribuições que serão significativas para a melhoria deste trabalho. Ao Dr. Ulisses e a Prof. Dra. Dayse por prontamente terem se disponibilizado a serem suplentes da banca. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão da bolsa de Mestrado que me permitiu realizar as viagens necessárias para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Aos curadores Jeróme Constant (IRSNB), Jean Legrand (MNHN) e Adriano B. Kury (MNRJ) por gentilmente se disponibilizarem a obter fotografias dos tipos e me enviarem. Aos curadores Leonardo H. Gil Azevedo (MNRJ), Nelson Ferreira-Jr. (DZRJ), Carlos J. E. Lamas (MZUSP), Ana Maria de Vasconcelos (MZUSP), Ana Maria Vasques (MZUSP) e Angelo B. M. Machado (UFMG) pelo empréstimo do material solicitado. Ao Prof. Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado por me inspirar com sua paixão pelas libélulas, pelo envio da literatura solicitada e pelo empréstimo dos espécimes. Ao Prof. Dr. Alcimar L. Carvalho (MNRJ) por ter cedido o espaço do seu laboratório e equipamentos, além das conversas descontraídas, porém muito imporantes sobre o grupo de espécies deste estudo. À Cátia Mello-Patiu e André Hoffmann pelo uso do equipamento de automontagem no MNRJ. Ao Leonardo Nascimento (PNI, coordenador de pesquisas do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia), Marcela L. Monné (MNRJ, coordenadora do projeto Biota-FAPERJ) e FAPERJ que possibilitaram grande parte do material coletado pelo Prof. Dr. Ângelo, utilizado neste trabalho. A Ana Luiza (MNRJ) por toda ajuda, trocas e conversas sobre Odonata. Ao Marcus V. de Almeida (MNRJ) por me auxiliar com as fotos de automontagem. A Ludmila (UFLA) por me auxiliar pacientemente diversas vezes com as fotos e montagem das pranchas. Ao Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemática e Biologia de Insetos (NESBI-UFLA) pelas aulas, encontros e discussões, e por me permitirem realizar algo que gosto muito além da pesquisa, que é a extensão com a comunidade. A minha psicóloga Renata Serra Rodarte Vieira pelo acompanhamento durante o mestrado, e a Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis e Comunitários (PRAEC) por oferecer este serviço gratuito aos estudantes. Aos meus colegas de laboratório, pela companhia no dia-a-dia, distração e até mesmo pelos momentos de procrastinação. Aos meus colegas de turma pela parceria durante o mestrado, em especial à Ana Paula e Patrícia, por tornarem os trabalhos mais divertidos, os momentos antes das avaliações menos tensos e a correria do dia-a-dia mais leve. Aos meus amigos e amigas pela presença e apoio constante em minha vida, mas em especial ao Guilherme ―X‖, Natália e Isadora por sempre estarem dispostos a me ajudar, seja nos seminários que realizei, no desenvolvimento do projeto que culminou nesta dissertação e na escrita da mesma, ainda que esta não seja a área de atuação deles. À minha ex-orientadora Dayse que deixou de ser minha orientadora e passou a ser minha segunda mãe neste mestrado. A toda minha família, mas em especial aos meus primos Fernanda e Denilson, por me receberem no Rio de Janeiro de maneira tão carinhosa, e a Maria por alegrar os meus dias enquanto estive lá. E finalmente, aos meus pais Ézio e Elci, e meus irmãos, Breno e Bruno, os quais me inspiram, me fortalecem e me encorajam a seguir meus sonhos, enfrentar desafios e ser uma pessoa cada vez melhor. A todos minha sincera gratidão. “Ainda que ninguém enxergue o seu esforço, se você for capaz de olhar para o que fez e sentir orgulho, você terá alcançado o sucesso” (Autor desconhecido). RESUMO O grupo Rhionaeschna punctata Martin, 1908 foi proposto para espécies do gênero Aeshna, com base no formato singular dos apêndices caudais do macho, os quais são robustos e com o ápice curvado ventralmente. Atualmente, em um conceito mais amplo, são reconhecidas dez espécies pertencentes a este grupo, cinco com ocorrência no noroeste da América do Sul e cinco endêmicas do Brasil (grupo R. punctata sensu estrito). São elas: Rhionaeschna punctata, Rhionaeschna decessus (Calvert, 1953), Rhionaeschna eduardoi (Machado, 1985), Rhionaeschna itatiaia (Carvalho & Salgado, 2004) e Rhionaeschna serrana (Carvalho & Salgado, 2004). No entanto, devido à morfologia similar e sobreposição de caracteres diagnósticos propostos, existem problemas quanto à validade dessas espécies e sua delimitação, o que torna difícil fazer uma associação inequívoca entre os nomes disponíveis com as diferentes populações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão taxonômica das espécies do grupo Rhionaeschna punctata que ocorrem no Brasil, ou seja, grupo R. punctata s.s., com base na análise detalhada da morfologia externa comparativa de adultos de ambos os sexos. Foram examinados 203 exemplares das coleções ABMM, DZRJ, MNRJ e MZUSP. Dos cinco nomes disponíveis, três foram considerados válidos e, portanto, reconhecidas como espécies (R. decessus, R. eduardoi e R. punctata), sendo Rhionaeschna itatiaia considerada sinônimo júnior de Rhionaeschna punctata e Rhionaeschna serrana sinônimo júnior de Rhionaeschna decessus. Uma espécie do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina é proposta e descrita e ilustrada com base em sete machos e oito fêmeas. Para cada espécie do grupo R. punctata s.s. são apresentadas listas sinonímicas atualizadas, diagnoses, chaves de identificação e mapas de distribuição. Assim, conclui-se que o grupo Rhionaeschna punctata s.s. é composto por quatro espécies endêmicas de áreas montanhosas,
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