DOCSLIB.ORG

Plastic = Polymer + Additives Polymers, Plastics & Macromolecules

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Polymers, plastics & macromolecules Plastic = Polymer + additives Processability: Mechanical properties: Other: Anti-oxidants Fillers Stabilizers Sulphur Weakeners - lubricants Colorants Fire retardants Blowing agents Nucleating agents Macromolecule = well-defined large molecule (dendrimers) and/or a very well-defined polymer (proteins) Materials gasses liquids solids ceramics polymers metals natural polymers synthetic polymers polypeptides polysacharides polynucleotides thermoplast thermoset Nature’s use of polymers: Polysacharides. Cellulose (wood, cotton) Starch (potatoes, corn) Chitin Polypeptides. (Spider) Silk Enzymes Collagen Horn Ivory Polynucleotides. DNA, RNA History of synthetic polymers Goodyear: Natural rubber - Used for over 3,500 years. Charles Goodyear Natural rubber 1839 1800 1900 2000 D S S S S S n History of synthetic polymers ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 O2NO O O2NO O O O O O O O2NO O O2NO ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 Natural rubber 1839 1800 1900 2000 Parkesine 1862 Parkes: Parkesine (based on cellulose nitrate) – first colorful plastic. Alexander Parkes History of synthetic polymers Cellulose based plastics (nitrate, acetate, xanthate) Charles Frederick Cross JohnEdward Wesley John Hyatt Bevan Cellulose acetate, Rayon Natural rubber 1892 1839 Celluloid 1868 1800 1900 2000 Parkesine 1862 ONO2 ONO2 O2CMe O2CMe ONO2 ONO2 O2NO O2CMe O O2NO O2CMe O MeCO2 O MeCO2 O O O O O O O O O O O2NO O O2NO O OMeCO2 O MeCO2 ONO2 ONO2 O2CMe O2CMe ONO2 ONO2 O O2CMe O2CMe History of synthetic polymers OH OH OH HO OH 'the material of a thousand uses' OH Cellulose acetate, Rayon Natural rubber 1892 1839 Celluloid 1868 1800 1900 2000 Parkesine Bakelite 1862 1907 Baekeland: Bakelite - First fully synthetic polymer. Leo Hendrick Baekeland History of synthetic polymers RignaultSemon: (1835),Baumannplasticized polyvinylchloride (1872), Klatte (1913) polyvinylchloride Henry Victor Rignault WaldoFriederich Semon Klatte Eugen Baumann Cellulose acetate, Rayon Natural rubber 1892 1839 Celluloid PVC 1868 1913 1800 1900 2000 PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 O Cl Cl Cl Cl O O O Polystyrene - 1839: E. Simon - 1845: A.W. Hofmann, J.Blyth - 1912: I Ostromislenskii - 1922: Staudinger Cellulose acetate, Rayon Definition of Polystyrene Natural rubber 1892 polymers E. Simon 1839 Celluloid PVC 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 Hofmann & Blyth 1845 1800 1900 2000 Polystyrene production PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC ~ 1935 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 Staudinger: Plastics defined as a chain molecule wherein the monomeric blocks are linked together by covalent bonds. So called polymers (poly meros = many parts) Hermann Staudinger History of synthetic polymers Cl Cl Cl Cl D Cl Cl n Cl Cl Cl Cl Cellulose acetate, Rayon Definition of Polystyrene Natural rubber 1892 polymers Neoprene E. Simon 1839 Celluloid PVC 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 1931 Hofmann & Blyth 1845 1800 1900 2000 Polystyrene production PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC ~ 1935 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 Carothers: neoprene. Wallace Hume Carothers History of synthetic polymers Fawcett/Gibson: Low density polyethylene (LDPE). Rigenald Gibson Eric Fawcett Cellulose acetate, Rayon Definition of Polystyrene Natural rubber 1892 polymers Neoprene E. Simon 1839 Celluloid PVC 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 1931 Hofmann & Blyth LDPE 1845 1933 1800 1900 2000 Polystyrene production PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC ~ 1935 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 History of synthetic polymers O H O N N N H O H Cellulose acetate, Rayon Definition of Nylon 66 Polystyrene Natural rubber 1892 polymers 1935 Neoprene E. Simon 1839 Celluloid PVC 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 1931 Hofmann & Blyth LDPE 1845 1933 1800 1900 2000 Polystyrene production PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC ~ 1935 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 Carothers: nylon 66. Wallace Hume Carothers History of synthetic polymers Schlack: Nylon 6 – Perlon (IG-FarBen) Dickson & WhInfIeld: poly(ethylene terephtalate) Paul Schlack J.T. DIckson J.R. WhInfIeld Cellulose acetate, Rayon DefInItIon of Nylon 66 Polystyrene Natural ruBBer 1892 polymers 1935 Neoprene E. Simon 1839 CelluloId PVC 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 1931 Hofmann & Blyth LDPE 1845 1933 1800 1900 2000 1938- 1943 - PTFE Polystyrene - Polyurethanes productIon - Nylon 6 PVC ParkesIne PVC BakelIte PlastIcIzed PVC ~ 1935 - PET -SilIcones 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 - ….. Bayer: Polyurethanes (IG-FarBen, Bayer) Plunkett: Teflon (Du Pont) Otto Bayer Roy J. Plunkett History of synthetic polymers Ziegler: High density polyethylene Karl Ziegler Cellulose acetate, Rayon Definition of Nylon 66 Polystyrene 1892 1935 Natural rubber polymers HDPE i-PP HDPE LLDPE E. Simon Celluloid PVC Neoprene 1839 1953 1954 Phillips Cat 1978 1839 Polystyrene 1868 1913 1931 Hofmann & Blyth LDPE 1958 1845 1933 1800 1900 2000 1938- 1943 - PTFE Polystyrene - Polyurethanes production - Nylon 6 PVC Parkesine PVC Bakelite Plasticized PVC ~ 1935 - PET -Silicones 1835 1862 1872 1907 1926 - ….. Natta: isotactic polypropylene Giulio Natta PMMA KevlarLLDPE Plexiglas Velcro Biodegradable Polymers Polycarbonate Fleece Spandex Semiconducting Polymers Lycra Classification of polymers Structure Thermal behavior Thermoplast Linear Branched Crosslinked OH Thermoset OH OH S HO OH S S S OH Classification of polymers Composition Polymerization method homo polymer Stepgrowth proces Polycondensation (PET, PC, nylon 66) block copolymer Alternating copolymer Chaingrowth process Radical polymerization (PVC, PS) cationic/anionic polymerization (polyisobutene, PAN) random copolymer Coordination polymerization (PE, PP) Ring opening polymerization (nylon 6, polylactides) graft copolymer Classification of polymers Chain atom configurations Poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), ‘natural rubber’ Poly(trans-1,4-isoprene), ‘gutta-percha’ Tacticity atactic isotactic syndiotactic Requirements for polymerization. ∆G = ∆GPolymer – ∆GMonomers S S S S S S S S S S S S ∆G = ∆H – T·∆S S S o T > 160 C Floor temperature ~ 160oC Mostly ∆H < 0 en ∆S < 0 ΔG‡ Only when ∆Go < 0 polymerization takes place. monomers And the activation energy shouldn’t be too high. ΔGo polymer Polymerization takes place only when T ·│∆S│ < │∆H│ When T ·│∆S│ = │∆H│ à Tc = ∆H/∆S is the ceiling temperature Above the ceiling temperature (T ·│∆S│ > │∆H│) depolymerization takes place. Ceiling temperature. K Mn-1 + M Mn K = [Mn] / [Mn-1] [M] ≈ 1/ [M] Equilibrium condition: ∆G = 0 ∆G = ∆Go + R·T·LnK = ∆Go + R·T·Ln(1/[M]) ∆Go = ∆Ho – T·∆So = R·T·Ln[M] o o Tc = ∆H / (∆S + R·ln[Mc]) Tc mostly given for [M] = 1 mol/L The ceiling temperature is dependent on the monomer concentration. Stepgrowth proces Mw - Polycondensation Characteristics: • all present molecules react with one another during the entire reaction • usually no termination • degree of polymerization increases in time 0 100% • usually a small molecule is split off monomer consumption O O O OH - n H O OH 2 + HO HO O O O n H O OH - n H2O O N + H2N NH2 HO O N O n H O O - n HCl OH + O O Cl Cl n O H O OH O C N N C O + HO N N O H O n Chaingrowth process Mw Radical polymerization (PVC, PS) cationic/anionic polymerization (polyisobutene, PAN) Coordination polymerization (PE, PP) Ring opening polymerization (nylon 6, polylactides) 0 100% monomer consumption R • R R• • n Characteristics: • no splitting off of small molecules • polymerization by addition of monomers to a growing chain • initiation required • several termination mechanisms • growth between initiation and termination only for a few seconds • degree of polymerization decreases in time Radical polymerization. O O O - CO2 Initiation. ½ • O O O • X X Propagation. R• • + • R X X n Termination. X X • R Combination of radicals 2 R R X X n n X X n H H • Disproportionation R + R R + R • X X X X X X X X n m n m Chain transfer To monomer X • X R + R + H • X X X X n n To polymer - intermolecularly X H X • n R + R R + R • R X X X H X X X X X X X n m n m m Leads to long chain branching • To polymer - intramolecularly • • CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Leads to short chain branching cationic polymerization + - - + - + H [MeOBF3] [ROBF3] [ROBF3] n anionic polymerization N N N N C C N C C C + - NH2 + - + - K K NH2 K NH2 n Coordination/insertion polymerization CH3 CH3 [Ti]-CH3 [Ti]-CH3 [Ti] [Ti] n O O P P [Pd] [Pd] C O O O O [Zn] P O O O [Zn] P O CO2 n O O O n Ring opening polymerization O O H H H+ N N Acid catalyzed H n O [Zn] OMe O O Metal catalyzed O (coordination polymerization) n O O O [Zn] OMe O O O O n O O O O [Al] OMe n Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. n n = 10,000 n+1 In a polymer sample the chains hardly ever have the same length. They have an average length. Exceptions are for example proteins. Number average molecular weight. Number of chains with length i Ni Mole fraction ni = = Total number of chains ΣNi Σni = 1 ΣNi·Mi Ni M = = ·M = Σn ·M n Σ ( ) i i i ΣNi ΣNi Weight average molecular weight. Weight of chains with length i ni·Mi ni·Mi Weight fraction w = = = i Total weight of all chains Σni·Mi Mn Σwi = 1 2 Σni·Mi Mw = Σwi·Mi = Σni·Mi ΣNi·Mi Compare: Mn = Σni·Mi = ΣNi An example: City Population Amsterdam 1,000,000 Groningen 200,000 Schiermonnikoog 1,000 Average population: 1/3 x 1,000,000 Mn = Σni·Mi 1/3 x 200,000 1/3 x 1,000 = 400,333 We can say that the average person lives in a city of about 400,000. An example: Weighted average: This is an average that would account for the fact that a large city like Amsterdam holds a larger percentage of the total population of the three cities than Schiermonnikoog. City Population Amsterdam 1,000,000 Groningen 200,000 Schiermonnikoog 1,000 Mw = Σwi·Mi 1,000,000 1,000,000 x 1,201,000 = 1,000,000 x 0.8326 = 832,600 200,000 200,000 x = 200,000 x 0.1665 = 33,300 1,201,000 1,000 x 1,000 = 1,000 x 0.0008 = 0.8 1,201,000 + 865,900.8 We can say that the average person lives in a city of about 866,000.
Recommended publications
  • DUPONT DATA BOOK SCIENCE-BASED SOLUTIONS Dupont Investor Relations Contents 1 Dupont Overview

    DUPONT DATA BOOK SCIENCE-BASED SOLUTIONS Dupont Investor Relations Contents 1 Dupont Overview

    DUPONT DATA BOOK SCIENCE-BASED SOLUTIONS DuPont Investor Relations Contents 1 DuPont Overview 2 Corporate Financial Data Consolidated Income Statements Greg Friedman Tim Johnson Jennifer Driscoll Consolidated Balance Sheets Vice President Director Director Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (302) 999-5504 (515) 535-2177 (302) 999-5510 6 DuPont Science & Technology 8 Business Segments Agriculture Electronics & Communications Industrial Biosciences Nutrition & Health Performance Materials Ann Giancristoforo Pat Esham Manager Specialist Safety & Protection (302) 999-5511 (302) 999-5513 20 Corporate Financial Data Segment Information The DuPont Data Book has been prepared to assist financial analysts, portfolio managers and others in Selected Additional Data understanding and evaluating the company. This book presents graphics, tabular and other statistical data about the consolidated company and its business segments. Inside Back Cover Forward-Looking Statements Board of Directors and This Data Book contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or other words of similar meaning. All DuPont Senior Leadership statements that address expectations or projections about the future, including statements about the company’s strategy for growth, product development, regulatory approval, market position, anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions, timing of anticipated benefits from restructuring actions, outcome of contingencies, such as litigation and environmental matters, expenditures and financial results, are forward looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events which may not be realized. Forward-looking statements also involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the company’s control.
  • Dupont Company Engineering Department Photographs 1982.300

    Dupont Company Engineering Department Photographs 1982.300

    DuPont Company Engineering Department photographs 1982.300 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library DuPont Company Engineering Department photographs 1982.300 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 8 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Administrative Information .......................................................................................................................... 11 Controlled Access Headings ........................................................................................................................ 11 Collection Inventory ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Alabama Ordnance Works ........................................................................................................................ 11 Argentine Rayon Construction .................................................................................................................
  • Dupont™ Chemical Guidebook

    Dupont™ Chemical Guidebook

    Chemical manufacturing Personal protective solutions for chemical manufacturing industry applications Because everyone Our brands Nomex® has someone ™ ® DuPont Nomex offers a tested and proven portfolio of protective solutions that continues to meet or exceed global standards for heat, flame and depending on them * electric arc flash protection. to get home safely Kevlar® Gloves made with DuPont™ Kevlar® offer industry-leading cut protection, built-in DuPont is more focused than ever on providing heat and flame resistance and electric arc flash protection, while providing the innovative protection solutions and expert technical dexterity and comfort workers want. support tailored to meet the specific needs of workers in chemical manufacturing industries Tyvek® around the world. DuPont™ Tyvek® garments provide workers with superior protection from small-sized hazardous particles, including lead, asbestos and mold. And because Because their safety is our business, workers in the protection is built into the fabric itself, there are no films or laminates to chemical manufacturing industries can rely on the abrade or wear away. world-class people, products and innovation that have made DuPont a trusted partner in personal protection. Tychem® DuPont™ Tychem® garments deliver durable protection and offer strong With a wide range of industry-leading personal permeation barrier against a wide range of chemicals. Together with Tychem® protective equipment (PPE) solutions and a global gloves and tape, they create the Tychem® Trusted Chemical System™ network of PPE specialists, technical experts and for complete protection. manufacturing, DuPont is uniquely suited to provide the protection and comfort every worker deserves to face a range of workplace hazards with confidence.
  • Wallace Hume Carothers Letters to Frances Gelvin Spencer 2435

    Wallace Hume Carothers Letters to Frances Gelvin Spencer 2435

    Wallace Hume Carothers letters to Frances Gelvin Spencer 2435 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 26, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Manuscripts and Archives PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Wallace Hume Carothers letters to Frances Gelvin Spencer 2435 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical Note .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 4 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 5 - Page 2 - Wallace Hume Carothers letters to Frances Gelvin Spencer 2435 Summary Information Repository: Manuscripts and Archives Creator - crp: Carothers, Wallace Hume, 1896-1937 Creator - rcp: Spencer, Frances
  • Ball and Butterfly Valve Seat/Seal Materials

    Ball and Butterfly Valve Seat/Seal Materials

    SEAT AND SEAL MATERIAL S BALL AND BUTTERFLY VAL V E SEAT /SEAL MATERIAL S SEAT MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS Virgin PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) PTFE or TFE (Teflon®) is a fluorocarbon based polymer and typically is the most chemically- resistant of all plastics while retaining excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties. TFE also has a low coefficient of friction so is ideal for many low torque applications. This material is non-contaminating and accepted by the FDA for use in food services. Although TFE’s mechanical properties are low compared to other engineered plastics, its properties remain useful over a wide temperature range Temperature range: -100°F to +450°F. Color: white Torque adder: 0% RTFE (Reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene) RTFE (reinforced Teflon® ) is compounded with a percentage of fiber glass or filler material to provide additional strength, stability and resistance to abrasive wear, cold flow and permeation in molded seats. Reinforcement such as glass fiber permits application at higher pressures and temperatures than unfilled TFE. RTFE should not be used in applications that attack glass, such as hydrofluoric acid and hot/strong caustics. Temperature range: -320°F to 450°F. Color: off-white (“milky-white”) Torque adder: 0% TFM TFM is a modified “second generation” TFE polymer that maintains the chemical and heat resistance properties of first generation PTFE. It has a denser polymer structure than standard PTFE with better stress recovery. Temperature range: -100°F to 500°F Color: white Torque adder: approximately 10% Delrin® Delrin® is DuPont’s trademark for Polyoxy-methylene. Delrin is very rigid, does not undergo cold flow, and has an excellent combination of strength, hardness, stiffness, stability, abrasion resistance and low friction.
  • AGWS3-1838 88.Pdf (7.006Mb)

    AGWS3-1838 88.Pdf (7.006Mb)

    - 2 - No. 77 - 5/4/45 Is research essential for social progress? Is it fundamental or superficial research that is essential? What is the essential need of fundamental research? "Permit me a few comments on the first question: Is research essential for social progress? The question tempts me to a blunt remark: Is running essen­ tial when you are in a stampede? In other words, with research as a tool avail­ able to your competitors can you ignore its power? If you doubt the power of research look about you: Who here is dressed in homespun? Who here breakfasted exclusively on unprocessed foods raised and transported without benefit of meteorology, chemistry, physics and biology? Who got here on his own feet with­ out the aid of airplane, train, subway, taxicab, or elevator? Can you. or any one else, stop by fiat or pious resolve the advances of technology? Not without getting left so far behind as to make the words 'social progress' a cackling mockery. I suspect that there have been societies and states in the history of the world in which life and human relationships were to the healthy participants as agreeable or more agreeable than life in these modern times is to us. But I am quite sure you wouldn't trade your life for theirs: you like to get well from a ruptured appendix, diphtheria, or an acute mania or a rodent ulcer of the face--they couldn't and they didn't. In fact, it is precisely in the field of medical science that I would insist that progress is real.
  • ELMER KEISER BOLTON June 23, 1886-Jidy 30, 1968

    ELMER KEISER BOLTON June 23, 1886-Jidy 30, 1968

    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES E LMER KEISER BOLTON 1886—1968 A Biographical Memoir by RO BE R T M. J O Y C E Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1983 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ELMER KEISER BOLTON June 23, 1886-Jidy 30, 1968 BY ROBERT M. JOYCE LMER KEISER BOLTON was one of the outstanding leaders E of industrial research. He became an industrial re- search director at a time when research was only beginning to be a significant factor in the chemical industry. There were no models for this new role, and Bolton's concepts of direct- ing industrial research were in large measure those that he formulated himself, reflecting his vision and drive to achieve important commercial goals. The record of industrial products developed by Du Pont research organizations that he directed is impressive; it in- cludes synthetic dyes and intermediates, flotation chemicals, rubber chemicals, neoprene synthetic rubber, nylon synthetic fiber, and Teflon® polytetrafluoroethylene resin. His leader- ship in bringing these developments to fruition was always apparent to management and to those he directed, but be- cause of his characteristic self-effacement his name is not widely associated with these accomplishments. Throughout his career he supported and encouraged his technical person- nel. Most important, he had the knack of picking the right time and direction to take in moving a research lead into development. Many of his decisions proved crucial to the ultimate success of these ventures.
  • Kevlar Cut Protection Testing

    Kevlar Cut Protection Testing

    DuPont™ Kevlar ® THE SCIENCE OF CUT PROTECtiON Industry standards groups have made tremendous progress in testing and measuring the cut protective performance of gloves and apparel. DuPont has been a pioneer and active contributor to these efforts. It is now commonplace to have a wide range of performance data available for any protective apparel under consideration. Although the availability of cut protection performance information is widespread, it is important to understand the different test methodologies in order to interpret the data and draw accurate conclusions. This guide is designed to help specifiers of protective apparel make informed decisions about cut protective apparel performance. As a result, specifiers should take the time to better understand the sources of information and the critical factors that influence cut protection. Recent changes to some of the test methods make this imperative. The keys to cut protection Basis weight (oz/yd2) Cut protection is a combination of many factors, not just Defined as the fabric weight per unit area, not the overall the material of construction. Therefore, all of the following glove weight. The higher the basis weight, the higher the factors should be carefully considered when assessing cut resistance because there is more material present. the cut-resistant properties of a glove, particularly if you are developing a product specification: Fabric construction Defined as the details of structure of fabric. Includes such Material of construction information as types of knit or weave, threads/stitches (Kevlar®, leather, cotton, steel, etc.) This has the per inch. This can affect yarn mobility and sample greatest impact on the cut resistance of personal thickness, which can affect cut resistance.
  • E. I. Dupont De Nemours and Company, Form 10-K for Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2005

    E. I. Dupont De Nemours and Company, Form 10-K for Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2005

    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 4s$yo> WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 Commission file number 1-815 f( @3~-30“ E. I. DU PONT DE: NEMOURS ,yp3 AND COMPANY (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 51-0014090 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1007 Market Street Wilmington, Delawari: 19898 (Address of principal executive offices) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 302 774-1000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act (Each class is registered on the New York. Stock Exchange, Inc.): Title of Each Claiss Common Stock ($.30 par value) Preferred Stock (without par value-cumulative) $4.50 Series $3.50 Series No securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. - Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act). Yes No 0 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not reqluired to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes 0 No w Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
  • Ball Valve Seat/Seal Materials and Service Applications

    Ball Valve Seat/Seal Materials and Service Applications

    APPLICATIONS - VALVE SOFT SEAT/SEAL MATERIALS One of the most important factors affecting shutoff capability is the nature of media being handled. Service life is affected by all of the following factors: - pressure, temperature, degree of pressure fluctuation and thermal fluctuation, type of media, cycling frequency, velocity of media & speed of valve operation. The following seat & seal materials can be used in various valves such as ball, plug, butterfly, needle, etc. BUNA-N (HYCAR or Nitrile) - Buna-N is a general-purpose polymer which has good resistance to oil, water, solvents and hydraulic fluids. It also displays good compression, abrasion resistance, and tensile strength. This material performs extremely well in process areas where paraffin base materials, fatty acids, oils, alcohols or glycerins are present, since it is totally unaffected. It should not be used around high polar solvents (acetones, ketones), chlorinated hydrocarbons, ozone or nitro hydrocarbons. Temperature range is 107°C maximum. Hycar is black in colour and should not be used where discolouration cannot be tolerated. It is regarded as a comparable replacement neoprene. Major differences are: Buna-N has a higher temperature limit; neoprene is more resistant to oils. EPDM - EPDM is a terpolymer elastomer made from ethylene-propylene diene monomer. EPDM has good abrasion and tear resistance and offers excellent chemical resistance to a variety of acids and alkalines. It is susceptible to attacks by oils and is not recommended for applications involving petroleum oils, strong acids, or strong alkalines. EPDM should not be used on compressed air lines. It has exceptionally good weather aging and ozone resistance.
  • 2002 Ultrasport Brochure

    2002 Ultrasport Brochure

    2002 Ultrasport lit-final prod 10/1/01 4:37 PM Page 1 Damon Corporation • P.O. Box 2888 • Elkhart, IN 46515 Information 219-389-0179 or 1-800-577-5692 Customer service 800-860-3812 www.DamonRV.com 2002 Ultrasport lit-final prod 10/1/01 4:37 PM Page 3 MOVING UP, HEADING OUT, HAVING FUN. IT’S ALL WITHIN YOUR POWER. That diesel motorhome you’ve been dreaming about? You know: the one you can actually afford? It’s here — in the 2002 Ultrasport™. And it’s no diesel upgrade, either. Damon builds the Ultrasport as a real diesel motorhome from the ground up. That means you don’t have to settle for any of the compromises necessary to turn a gas- powered coach into a diesel. It also means Damon can cut manufacturing costs, build in more luxuries and still pass savings on to you. Considerable savings. The result is, you get more of the power you’ve longed for: diesel power to provide exceptional road performance … the power to stretch your travel dollars farther … and the power to get more out of RV living. • Ultrasport’s power comes not only from its diesel engine, but also from its 6-speed Allison® transmission, full air brakes with antilock technology, air-ride suspension and Jacobs® exhaust brake. • A custom-designed front entrance door makes it easier to get into and out of the coach than a conventional cab door. • In the cab, you’ll find a comfortable 6-way- powered, reclining ultra-leather driver’s chair and an ultra-leather reclining passenger seat.
  • Choosing the Right Gloves

    Choosing the Right Gloves

    NITRILE – offers superior resistance to snags, punctures, abrasions and cuts in the Applications for Nitrile Gloves: disposable glove arena. No latex allergens! Coated nitrile effectively replaces cotton Most Medical Environments CHOOSING in a broad range of dry and light applications. Additional advantages for coated nitrile Handling Small Sharp Objects offer excellent grip and are machine washable. Unsupported nitrile is an outstanding Automotive Assembly combination of strength for puncture and chemical resistance. Will not weaken or swell Handling Glass like rubber (latex) or neoprene in many solvents and animal fats. Chemical Usage Painting Environments NEOPRENE – offers a broad spectrum of protection providing excellent resistance to a Applications for Neoprene Gloves: T wide range of chemicals including oils, acids caustics and solvents as an unsupported Poultry and Food Processing HE RIGH glove. Reinforced neoprene coating provides better all-around resistance to abrasion, Chemical Manufacturing cutting and chemicals. Lining on a coated neoprene enhances puncture and snag Pharmaceutical Manufacturing resistance. VINYL – known as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is available as a disposable, coated or Applications for Vinyl Gloves: T vinyl impregnated style. Vinyl disposables are economical, reusable or disposable. In Cleaning addition to offering excellent sensitivity, vinyl disposable gloves are chemical resistant Food Preparation G and ambidextrous. All value priced offering softness, flexibility and strength. Vinyl Light Industrial Usage LOVES coated is an inexpensive choice for applications where cut and abrasion resistances are needed. Rough PVC coat finish makes handling wet surfaces easier and safer. Vinyl impregnated gloves on an interlock knit liner stretches to a snug and sensitive fit, liquid repellent and provides superior grip.