babwe News babwe News Offiial Organ of ZANU PF Department of Information and Publicity, 14 Austin Road Volume 25, No. 2, 1994. Registered at the G.P.O. as a Newspaper .70 _ncl. sales tax) ew economic Ur n. Zimbabwe 0 Women bus drivers *~c.'~l ~, crash sex barriers .Pece

The national flower of the DPR.K The flower of Magnolia is the national flower of Korea. The flower is very beautiful and fragrant. The flower has not become the national flower only for this. The flower is not only very beautiful but also gives an impression that it has an iron will. For this, the Korean people loves the flower very much. The Korean people say that the flower is the symbol of love, noble, morality strong will and purity. The Magnolia is growing well and its flowers go long time. The trees are growing over that country thanks to the warm care of the dear leader Cde. Kim Jong I1.

Contents Editorial National News Regional News International News Features Book Review Talking Point Sport Papers and democracy ...... 21st February Movement ...... President speaks out on tribalism and regionalism ...... Annual reports show strong and vibrant Party ...... Victoria Falls meeting opens new d.hapter ...... ZANU's socialist policy explained...... Tired opposition parties have no policy ...... ZANU PF Bulawayo provincial resolutions ...... Women bus drivers crash sex barrier ...... Dhlakama says no cash, no election ...... Africa urged to address root causes of displacement ...... Water for sale across borders ...... Andrew Young heads African body ...... Buthelezi holds key to peace in SA ...... Regional Briefs ...... Israel to release 800 prisoners ...... Ex-comfort women attempt suicide ...... N ew role for the U N ...... Arafat arrives in Jericho in May ...... Africans most highly educated in Britain ...... US seeks a strategy in world affairs ...... Killers of French MP hunted on Riviera ...... Zimbabweans cling to tradition ...... Hospital offers home visits ...... Poisoned illusigns ...... The power of spies to kill the president ...... Somalia struggles to revive sports after war ...... Bernard Tapie probed in third case ...... U I Zimbabwe News is the official Organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union [ZANU PFI and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information and Publicity, ,Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin Road, Workington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee IZANU PF]. Editorial Council: Cde. N.M, Shamuyarira Cde. C.C. Chimutengwende Cde. C. Ndhlovu Cde. S. Kachingwe Cde. A. Sikhosana Cde: M. Munyati. ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF C62=1

Eitoria Papers and democracy The next 12 months will see Zimbabwear democracy at work. After the Party congresses, there will be the 1995 Parliamentary elections. In this process, the newspapers and magazines play the important part of informing the public accurately, and disseminating correct information. Newspapers like MO TO - the Roman Catholic Church magazine - which disseminate any information they are given, as long as it is anti-government, do not assist the democratic process. In their issue No. 133 of February 1994, they allege that the tragic death of General Josiah Tongogara, in Mozambique on December 26, 1979, is still a mystery. What mystery? They interview fictitious persons with fictitious names who were never known to the late General or to the Party. If MOTO wanted the truth about this particular event, they could interview those ex-combatants who were in the car of the General at the time and place of the accident, such as comrades Orphah Rushesha, Deputy Minister of Environment, Tobias Chaunoita, and retired Air- Chief-Marshal Josiah Tungamirai. These were the comrades who worked with Tongogara, and were at his side when he died. They were there, and some of them sustained injuries that are still being treated. It comes to us as a big surprise that totally untrue stories about the General should be manufactured and printed in a paper of God's church. MOTO'S allegations that somehow some ex-combatants are being killed by the government, or running away to Mozambique in fear of their lives are preposterous, and actionable. With such open society, and open courts, can an act like that be done by anybody. Only. MOTO can imagine that. The working of Zimbabwean democracy requires a responsible press. Every newspaper has a political line to pursue, determined by the thinking and the'objectives of its owners and editors. But, in pursuing that line it must print the truth. C.P. Scott told the journalism profession that "facts are sacred; comment is free." If Zimbabwe is to have a meaningful and open democracy for all its citizens, the opposition press must contribute to that process by respecting the facts and the truth. MOTO is doing the opposite. Masvingo provincial elections The Masvingo provincial elections had left behind them a divided provincial leadership, and a large disgruntled section of the membership. The Central Committee however found a solution that restored unity and engender cooperation amone our members. It is a great pity that the transportation of the over 3 000 delegates was done by the separate but competing factions of Edson Zvobgo, Politburo member, and J. Hungwe, the Governor. The accommodation and feeding of the delegates was also done according to the factions. Even the assembling at Mucheke stadium, and the seating of the delegates, was also according to the factions. The resultant division was not a surprise; it was built into the whole organisation itself. The presiding officer, Cde. Emmerson Mnangagwa, and his team did their best, in a very difficult situation. They found the lines of division already drawn. The Central Committee has taken decisive measures to bring the warring factions into the provincial and district structures there, by sending a high level Politburo delegation comprising Vice-President, Cde. Joshua Nkomo, National Chairman, Cde. Joseph Msika and Secretary for the Commissariat, Cde. Moven Mahachi to iron out the differences. Factionalism destroys the unity of the Party. 0, ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Cde. President R. G. Mugabe (left) with the Secretarv for Ytnuth, Cde. Josiah Tungamirai at the celebrations undreds of youths from Zimbabwe's eight provinces converged in Harare on Saturday, February 26, to celebrate President Mugabe's 70tb birthday and commemorate the eighth anniversary of the 21 st February Movement. The youths recited poems and sang songs in praise of President Robert Mugabe. President Mugabe, who was at the celebrations, was showered with presents from youths in the eight provinces. He also, received birthday gifts from other wings of the ZANU PF Party and non-governmerietal organisaitions. The 21st February Movement was launched eight years ago in honour of President Mugabe. In his speech, President Mugabe called on leaders in the country to IF&d by ex. ample and not indulge in anti-social activities as children would plunge themselves into similar vices.. He said teachers, policemen, soldiers, headmen and councillors were all leaders to whom children looked up for guidance. "By leaders .we do not mean senior officials only, 'every elder in a responsible position is a leader and should be seen to be desisting from anti social be. haviour", he said. ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 "If teachers speak against the smoking of mbanje or drinking beer, they should not be seen to be doing it as the chil. dren will do the same," he said. in providing education and better health services to the people and would continue the programme. He said he was happy that the 21st February Movement had formulated policies which sought to meet the aspirations and needs of the youths. ZANU PF Youth League Secretary who is in charge of the 2#st February, Cde. Josiah Tungamirai said the Movement had now come out with a "comprehensive" policy on how it would help in the development of the country. -We will play our part to the full", he said. He said the Movement would now be involved in "Effective participation in National Development. The celebrations were attended by Vice President Simon Muzerda, Minister of Education and Culture Cde. Witness .Mangwende, several Parliamentarians, and senior government and Party officials. The youths who came for the celebrations were on Saturday morning taken on a tour of the National Heroes Acre. The President ,aid both the Priitv and In the afternoon they visited a wildlife government had made gigantic strides sanctuary outside Harare. - ZIANA- Cde President R. G. Mugabe was showered with gifts by youths from the *country's eight prvvitwes National Ne vs Computer Training Division Offers the following Oriented computer courses commencing January 1994 Course Title National Foundation in Computer Studies National Certificate in Computer Studies Duration 9 mths F/Time 18 mths P/Time 9 mthsF/Time '18 mths P/Time Entry Req. ZJC Certificate NFC NFC or 5 '0' Level NC We Also Offer Desk Top Publishing, Windows 3.1 & Comluterised Accounting LIMITED VACANCIES - REGISTER NOW!! at 77 Second Street Box 5355 Tel: 796587, Harare LETS HELP YOU SHAPE YOUR CAREER Registere in terms of the Education Act, 1987 and the Manpower Planning and Development Act, 1984 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism Joint interview: The ZBC, ZIANA and The Herald hrehe President and First Secretary, Cde. R.G. Mugbe. hit the tribalists and egonalists straight on the head in a televised interview with the press 5l on December 29, 1993. It was an end-of-year review in which he commented on a wide range of topics, and programmes. The three interviewers were Tommy Sithole, editor-in-chief of Zinbabwe Newspapers, Henry Muradzikwa, head of ZIANA and Shingirai Tungwarara of the ZBC. The Zimbabwe News reproduces the full report below: Venue: State House, Harare Date: 29th December, 1993 Panel: S. Tungwarara - ZBC T. Sithole - Zimbabwe Newspapers H. Muradzikwa - ZIANA Tungwarara: Good evening to you and thank you for joining us for this special programme on Wednesday the 29th of December, 1993. It is a special programme because we have a special guest tonight, His Excellency Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe, who is State President of Zimbabwe and First Secretary and President of the ruling Party, ZANU PF. The purpose of our being here at State House is to interview His Ex. cellency and to help me do this is, on my left, Comrade Henry Muradzikwa, Editor-in-chief of ZIANA - the national news agency, and on my right, Comrade Tommy Sithole, who is Editor-in-chief of Zimbabwe Newspapers. Good Evening, Your Execellency and welcome to the programme. His Excellency: Good evening. Tungwarara: Comrade Mugabe, you went to Matabeleland recently and soon after your arrival back here in Harare, some statements continued to be made by ordinary members of the public rightly or wrongly, are interpreting as tribalism. One member in particular who is a member of the ruling Party's Politburo and Governor of Matabeleland North province has made statements to the ef. fect that some people, one tribe should demonstrate against the so called domination of that tribe by the Shonas. What is your view on those statements? His Excellency: Well, having visited Matabeleland and discussed with various people, including the Governor, I ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 also had discussions with the chairman of the Matabeleland North province who led the whole delegation of the Party, that is the leaders of the province, Cde. Mkwananzi, and I held an-hour-long discussion with the Mayor of the City of Bulawayo, thats apart from other discussions I had with businessmen and other people from other walks of life. Having conducted that visit, I am of the impression that there are certain areas where obviously concerns are rightly expressed. Like there would be certain areas in every province where concerns must be expressed in terms of the development of those areas, especially where there have been development plans aimed at improving those areas and these development plans have not taken place. There are these areas of concern but there is also the usual psychological battles, flourishing in some sense, between Bulawayq and Harare. You would also get it possibly between Gweru and other towns like Mutae and each town tends to feel that it is lagging behind because of the prominence that is given to the capital city. That feeling is psychological and unjustified. But having conducted the discussions I made reference to, I conclude that there is also a political rivalry in Matabeleland as to who speaks best in the regional interests; who represents the best in respect of enunciating their problems in the region. This is made worse by the fact that lit tie parties have tended to play on the tribal factor. So I was surprised, as much as you were surprised although not as much as the public have been surprised by some of the statements made. But knowing the backgrqpnd, I am not as surprised as perhaps they would feel -very dismayed by the statements. I know Welshman Mabhena, he has been quite a colleague of mine many years back, both when I was still teaching at Hope Fountain and he was teaching at Inyathi and in the 1950s when we both taught in Highfieid. He is a man who, really, has the national interest at heart. But he has been criticised of late with real intensity by others for siding with those who would want to see If unity works in the proper sense of the word, without definite biases and emphasis being given to Matabeleland. There in every movement, especially a movement that has decided 'o live alongside another movement in a unity deal, those who hold back and say we must continue as a force. You will get them on theside of ZANU (PF), you will get them on the side of PF-ZAPU who say 'no' we have gone into this deal and our earlier position must be mantained. We must remain the dominant people in the front. We have been criticised for giving away too much and I haven't forgotten that. Possibly 'what he said was to try and prove to the public that he was not selling out on inter6sts that he had regarded as Ndebele interests. I don't take his statements in that same serious way that perhaps as those who were shocked extremely by them, do. Sithole: But there is the question of what the public interprets as incitement. Because if he had spoken about the Ndebele or tribalism as such, it would have been understood. But he told the Ndebeles to go out into the streets and demonstrate against the Shona, that is what shocked the public the most. His Excellency: Yes. I think it was indiscreet on his part to do so but what would have been utter indiscretion would have been his organising the people outrightly to join a demonstration. But as you can see, nothing has come from it. He has urged the Ndebeles to demonstrate and there has been no real physical demonstration undertaken. But I know some of the concerns that have been expressed in this regard: mainly *Continued on Page. 6

Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism * Continued from Page 5 that in a place like Hwange Colliery for example, the local people, that is the people born in the area surrounding the Colliery, have been unfairly treated in terms of employment, and you don't get many of them. But on the contrary, you get many more on other provinces. Then in Victoria Falls, they allege that in places of employment, it is people from outside Matabeleland North. But I am yet to establish the truth of this and if it is true, then we have to look at how it happened and whether there can be an improvement in terms of employing the locals. That would be justified. But it is not always that in a city that is cosmopolitan you get the dominance of the local people. Of course, people from other provinces also drift into the city, Harare for example, you would get people from Manicaland, Masvingo, Matabeleland, Midlands, from all over in employment in Harare. The Zezurus cannot claim, and we would not listen to them, that they should dominate the places of employment here. It would be ridiculous and we would dismiss that as untenable. Muradzikwa: Your Excellency, the thing that comes to my mind is the issue of consequences, like Tommy Sithole is trying to say, on the public and what it feels. In the terms of Party disciplinary rules, wouldn't Governor Mabhena have some case to answer? His Excellency: Sure. There will be lots of questions asked at the next Politburo meeting which will take place on the 4th of January and I am sure he will give his own explanation of what he said and why he said it. Tugwarara: Your Excellency, is tribe an issue in Zimbabwe politics? His Excellency: I didn't think it was as much of an issue as it is in other countries, I don't want to mention names. But what you get here is not so much tribalism as regionalism. People from one area wanting to be treated in a special way and wanting, perhaps, also to dominate in places of employment and generally one might say - in the governance of the province. They would want to see their sons and daughters, themselves in governance of that particular province. But it is, again, a very danger- ous game because it can trigger off lots of latent feelings, feelings that had died with time, with history, had disappeared in history, that evoke them back in such a way that the people become emotional and begin to ask all sorts of questions. Because one tribalism will invoke another and there will be reaction to reaction and counter - reaction and so on, so forth. This is an ugly phenomenon. Those who think that they can actually use tribalism to boost their own interest should be advised that this is the most dangerous way of doing so and in the final analysis ;hey stand to lose a lot. Tungwarara: What do you therefore say, Your Excellency, to complaints that this province is not represented at Cabinet level. Is that an issue? I His Excellency: Yes. These are some of the questions that they asked me and even in regard to Matabeleland North. Later on I asked John Nkomo which province he belongs to, he said Matabeleland North and the fact that he was fielded in Bulawayo was for purposes of coordinating the two, Bulawayo and Matabeleland North. Yet he was not counted as the man from Matabeleland North. Some of those allegations of course need to be dismissed, but they are few. Then there are others that you can take care of. If it is alleged, for example, that there are many schools where children in Grade One are taught by non-Ndebele speaking people, you must begin to express concern about that as I did when this was told to me and I want to investigate it and establish whether that is true and if it is true it must be corrected because little children must be taught by those who can speak the language of the place. * Continued on Page 7 Zimbabwe does not tolerate tribalism and regionalism and regionalism because every citizen has a right to seelk employment in every province of the country. The picture shows job seekers outside an employment agency in Harare ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism * Continued from Page 6 Sithole: Maybe I should now channel to the economy, Your Excellency. What is happening in Zimbabwe, we see a lot of retrenchments when jobs are supposed to be created. The new economic order that your government has ushered in is supposed to create jobs and yet you hear about more and more people being thrown out of their jobs and you also hear more and more blacks complaining that the whites are dominating more of the economy like they used to before. What really is the government trying to do in order to address this situation. His Excellency: We are aware of that, ESAP meant quite a number of reforms and one area of reform is the area that has to do with employment. In other words, the issue is that you employ just that number of people who you feel are competant enough to produce the results you want and that ybu try therefore to rationalise by getting rid of what you judge to be excess labour. This is What is happening and happening not just in the private sector but also in the public sector. Employment should not be an act of charity. Employment should be on the basis of the reckoning that there is a service to be undertaken through the employment of given hands and that those hands should be sufficiently efficient whether they are a given number or another and sufficiently effective to produce the service. In industry sufficiently effective to produce the necessary good or product and any having diminished, control having lessened, they have taken full advantage of sacking people. This is why I said earlier on that we had to look at this fact of controls. True, we are liberalising but we must not liberalise at our cost, at the cost of the nation. Employment is vital for the survival of the nation. After all, what is the entire economy going to do to produce goods and services here but at the same time offer opportunities of employment so that the people can earn incomes to sustain their families. Otherwise they become a burden on the State and we would have to create a social fund for them as we are doing now. The Social Dimensions Fund should not be a huge fight otherwise it doesn't ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 serve any purpose. Really that would be going about excess employment is therefore unprofitable and if you know the basics of economics you know that you don't jusemploy factors of production at randorwyou employ them in relation to a product and productivity and that you also have reckonings of margins of profit where it is most profitable to have a given number of people to produce a certain quantity of product that, therefore, there is rationalisation, ZIANA Editor-in-Chief, Cde. Henry Muradzikwa some people tend to lose jobs. But I must admit that this process, as necessary as it is, has also yielded an opportunity in which those in the private sector who have yearned for a long time to get rid of people in order to maximise their profits, have taken advantage Ind of the situation of less control over their right to hire and fire. With that right now Structural Adjustments in a manner that yields greater unemployment than before. so, one would want to examine now the effectiveness of our Structural Adjust' ment Programme and looking at area; where there have been deviations, areas where there have been perhaps exaggeratiorns or there have also been misconduct, be discipline on the part of entrepreneurs and bring them to book. The question why there is so much unemployment has been asked: the question why our exercise has had to get rid of so many people, but it can better be done, I think, by exercising some degree of control in respect of the right of an enterprise to dismiss people. Perhaps we have relaxed too much there and we need to be vigilant once again. Sithole: My second question was on the indigenous control of the economy. His Excellency: Well that's another. We have IBDC without any real financial competence. In other words, it has no resources to beat indigenisation of industry. So they continue to come to government and ask for money and we tried to create a little money for them but it didn't go far enough. So indigenisation has not taken place as effectively as we thought it would. In enterprises which have been dominated by whites, perhaps this being your basic question, at the beginning of our independence, we insisted that there has to be some measure of Africanisation by way of employing Africans in.places of control, give them management posts and all we got were window-dressers Nothing more. We got people being appointed as personal managers, marketing managers, sales managers and that kind of thing, but the real pull of the business remained in the hands of the whites. They are a very protective clan, the white settlers here. Because they still are driven by the history of our relations, they will say, "This is my business, Haikona business Kalo Mugabe, its my business", and this is being said everyday in the enterprises. If you want to do this and that we will, sack you and you can go to your Mugabe. That is the mentality that we have and that is the mentality that we shouldn't have. 0Continued to Page 8 "Because one tribalism will invoke another and there will be reaction to reaction and counter-reaction ... This is an ugly phenomenon. Those who think that they can actually use tribalism to boost their own interest should be advised that this is the most dangerous way of doing so and in the final analysis, they stand to lose" - Cde. Mugabe

Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism I * Continued from Page 7 In other words, those kinds of people we are better rid of. However, having said that, may I say that private enterprise is private. The entrepreneur has the right to decide who he employs. We appeal to him to be sufficiently magnanimous, sufficiently national in outlook, and sufficiently objective ci employing people. But he will employ people according to his own wishes and caprices, perhaps fellow whites, perhaps those blacks who will agree with him and won't employ anybody else. So the issue of control will have to be addressed in a much more drastic way than that. We cannot be a country which is dominated economically by foreigners. The whites in the country would say "Ah, Mr. President is calling us foreigners but we are Zimbabweans". But if they are Zimbabweans, they have got to behave like Zimbabweans. Why should they entertain attitudes which are racial, so racialism has got to do with it and we have got to find a remedy to it. Having said this, may I admit and acknowledge that there are some whites who have done their best really and have put blacks in places of real control, but they are very few and far between. And we want to see many more do the same. Muradzikwa: Mr. President, on the same note, it seems to me that the only way out for the black middle class, which is growing since independence, is for the government to vote more money for IBDC. Like last year $100 million didn't go far enough. As a result, I am told, about 20 percent of IBDC members have collapsed in terms of their businesses. Are you going to increase the funding to IBDC? I know they have asked for $750 million this year. His Excellency: Are we going to increase the amount, in other words, are we going to increase taxes so that there will be greater revenue from which to derive the amounts you are talking about? I don't know whether people can put ap with more taxes than before. People are currently struggling under a heavy burden of taxation and they would want the tax rate reduced and we are looking at that possibility. So if you reduce your taxes, you are reducing the poter tial to assist the IBDC. There are othe courses we are looking at for assistir'i 8 the IBDC. For example, the issue of parastatals going commercial. Where we want to commercialise or build into parastatals a private share-holding, some equity for private entrepreneurs, it would be best' to invit e indigenous people, first and foremost, to participate in that equity. But we are looking at an investment trust fund where a parastatal for example, is privatised absolutely. I am not for giving up parastatals. I am for their commercialisation and their being made profitable. But there may be chances where privatisation necessitated by the fact that the parastatal is more of a burden to government than anything else. That is better handled by the private sector and we would privatise in those circum. stances. Well, the capital, rather the earnings from the sale of the parastatal should go into the investment fund and this fund should be built and coordinaied so that it can be a source of loans to IBDC. This has been done in some countries like Malaysia and others. That's what we need to do. just now we are looking into the possibility of another amount and this will be slightly more than $100 million, but not much more, and that is what is being suggested now by the Ministry of Finance and also there is a little fund of US$30 million which the World Bank is also going to put before us as a facility for IBDC. Little monies like that will not go very far, but what is required really is that our financial system should Jhave sufficient liquidity to enable our indigenous people to borrow from the banks, borrow from commercial institutions for purposes of investing along the lines of their choice. That. is really the best way of going about it. But initially we have got to work together with them and the question is how do we build that huge fund that stays alive. I know some have grand schemes of how people can contribute, in% very small way, towards the capitalisation of an enterprise. Well, if you spend, say $10 a week in the pub and you decide to give up, just for that week your drink and donate towards this capital potential we are creating some say we can end up with over $1 billion which we can use. So if every person in employment is appealed to do that in the country, we could build up Zimpapers Editor-In-Chief Cde. Tommy Sithole a huge fund which then can be used for investment purposes and for takeover purposes in some regards. Tungwarara: Your Excellency, the IBDC seems to be saying even if the liquidity situation were to normalise, there is bias on the part of financial instit!ti, ons which are mostly foreign-controlled and therefore there will still remain problems. His Excellency: Sure. There remains always that bias and financial institutions go by tradition and by practices they have established in the past. If a relationship has been built between them on certain entrepreneurs they have assisted and they regard these as working, they are likely to favour them. New entraints, new alients are treated with suspicion and the banks may be of the view that they,,cannot be trusted because there is no record of performance to go by. In some cases they call for collateral banking so banks tend to withdraw, to withhold funds from new entrants into the field of investment unless there is some guarantee giver.. But who will give the guarantee? The government should be loathe to give that guarantee in every case as you know that it is not in every case that otir people can be trusted to really manage an enterprise completely new to the satisfaction of the nation. So there is that reluctance on the part-of financial institutions. But it is not in every case that those biases exist. Zimbank has gone through some orientation and I was speaking to the new * Continued to Page 9 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism * Continued from Page 8 general manager and he was suggesting that there should be greater interaction with IBDC people and he has even gone out to invite them to come over and ask them why they tend to avoid Zimbank and they say it is because the people in Zimbank, some of them, don't like greater indebtedness and that some of them didn't like the attitude of Zimbank in the past. So the attitude is changing, at least that is what Zimbank told them. We would want Vi see financial institutions extend their arm to IBDC members, especially those financial in. stitutions which have high levels of government equity. Tungwarara: Related to that, Your Excellency you referred to the need to allow indigenous business people to participate in the commercialisation of parastatals. But one question that remains is that at the moment, the same parastatals are loss-making and government is worried about the status of their financial liability. To what extent will this be a solution? His Excellency: Not all the parastatals are loss-making. You get a parastatal like the Grain MarketinR Board. its po- IBDC Secretary general Cde. Enocl Kamushinda sition and its inability to do business with other countries are really responsible for its losses. It borrows at commercial rates and we insist that at the end of the day when it sells grain, it should not sell it at prices that are unaffordable downstream. As people buy mealie-meal now, they should be able to afford it andyou know what happens when prices go up, they have gone up already for the ordinary man. So one like the Grain Marketing Board would have to be looked at differently and I am glad that the firm of private consultants which was hired recently by the minis- try of Finance has recommended that Government should always look at the GMB as the parastatal that it should subsidise because we are asking, at the end of the day, for the GMB, to see the maize that comes into the granaries and silos, bacause at the end of it all, when drought strikes us, we have to go begging for maize all over. To do that it would trap money into silos - so we are not giving it the flexibility an ordinary enterprise or business needs in order to operate commercially. You buy and sell at a profit, but we are saying buy the maize aid therefore they sustain a loss, ultimately? It should be the State because we require, as a national effort, the preservation of maize. But in regards to other parastatals, the railways and so on, the airways, well these are service ones and they do tremendous service. The capital infrastructure of the railways is so enormous that we couldn't even commercialise it. There are services that could be commercialised, entertainment on the direct provision of certain facilities along the way, those can be commercialised, but running of the railways has to be a national effort really, for a very long time to come. But lhere are others where, I think, profit is being made. The IBDC has had under its umbrella a number of companies which are doing well and are competing with the rest of the companies, whether it is in furniture making or its assembling of cars or whatever, they have done remarkably well. But there are others which have done badly, and which we must look at. Those which have done well are being encouraged to do well, but even in their case, if we feel that there should be a given percentage of private shares, then the preference should be to IBDC and we are looking at that whole field of parastatals. That might prevent lose-making also. Sithole: Your Excellency, I want to ask you on the question of land. it is no longer as burning an issue as it was a couple of months ago. However, the argument that has been put forward by many people is that the land that already has been taken, been bought un- der the willing-buyer willing-seller situation that existed before, has not been put to proper use. Even the Report of the Comptroler and Auditor-General also pointed to the underutilisation of land and the misappropriation of land. Two, this allocation of land without actually looking into whether the people that were being allocated that land could utilise it properly. Right now, the government is on another programme of acquiring land. What difference is it going to make, what other methods are going to be applied to make sure that this land really is put to proper use? His Excellency: That question is asked only by people who would want their own selfish interests to be perserved. The colonisers in 1890 acquired most of the land when blacks now started struggling for land, they said we had no cause. At the achievement of independence they then agreed that some land could be sold, on a willing-buyer, willingseller basis. True, we bought some land, but there have been inhibitions the whole way through. We buy land, we have no resources to enable those who have got onto the land to fill it and resources will have to come from the -revenue in taxes. In other words, if we were to give people means, we must have had money at our disposal also as a governmeti and that's resources. So there have been a lot of reasons for this. But that does not put at fault the principle that in a country where you have 2 races, blacks and whites, and the whites have been colonisers, the blacks should *Continued to Page 10 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 "Employment should not be an act of charity. Employment should be on the basis of the reckoning that there is a service to be undertaken through the employment of given hands and that those hands should be sufficiently efficient... to produce the service" - Cde. Alugabe.

Mugabe speaks frankly on regionalism and tribalism Cde. Mugabe - the people must have their land which was taken from them by colonial robbery * Continued from Page 9 have most of the land, whether they are able to use it or not, they must have it. Because it is their land anyway in the first pl~celt wastheirsiwas taken away from th em by a kind of robbery, colonial robbery, and must come back. You can't say, "because a thief has robbed me of my car, yes, I wasn't able to drive itr'. The fact that I was not able to drive it and the thief has a licence, entities the thief to possession of the car. I don't believe in that kind of argument at all. What is your property is your property. Yes, we as govemment-would want you as a national to have the means with which to use the property properly and profitably. Thats another question. The question of the right to land must not be faulted by such arguments. The question of whether the land is productive then begs the question of whether the resources ate available for us to enable the people to use the land. Our people are hard-working, give them inputs and you see what they will do with the land. Deprive them of inputs and obvi ously they become disarmed and you cannot expect them to get as much as they would given tractors to plough 10 - 12 acres and that kind of thing. So the issue is, let us give people the resources and let us also look at the fact that over time, and especially during the year of the drought, people have lost a lot of their cattle and when we came back from the war a lot of people had also lost their cattle already'and they tried to build up their herds after the war, but it was discriminated against two years ago. So, really, they need means with which to till the land. They need education. We have Agritex officers in the various areas and these move from one place to another giving people guidance as to how they should till their land. I accept the fact that yes, some of the land has not been utilised to the fullest, but there are some resettlement areas that have been well utilised. But that is not an argument against the Land Acquisition Act. I will dismiss it as nonsensical, personally. Tungwarara: One of the issues, Your Excellency, is the question of tenure. Because the commercial houses have been reluctant to provide loans to would-be farmers in the communai areas on the basis that they have no title deeds. I know from a public statement that you are opposed to granting title deeds to communal farmers. Are you going to reconsider this? His Excellency: We have just established the Land Tenure Commission to look at what kind of tenure should prevail in the communal areas, or system of tenure. There may be two/three that can live side-by-side. Land in communal areas had been held on traditional basis and even the whites found it advantageous when they were still rulers here, to get the blacks to live communally. It served a purpose of course. They could then herd us like cattle to a small piece of land and say we bought it. But time has come for us now to look at the system of communal land owning. The problem you have when you look at the communal land system, is one. Land is owned in common in the sense that.noone actually calls it his own. Whether it is 10 acres he is using or one. Should he move from that piece of land, he has *Continued on page 11 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Mugabe speaks and tribalism * Continued from Page 10 no right to say that his own son should take over, should succeed him. Somebody else will be chosen bv the headman, the chief and the tribe to take it over. Similarly, you have natural resources of the communal land system being shared in common. If there is a spring, it doesn't belong to the person who is nearest to it, the river belongs to all of them, all the holders of the communal land. They can fish and draw water without restriction except the taboos that tradition imposed: you may not do this, you may not do that and so on and so forth. The fruit, Mazhanje, Hacha, Tsvanzva, Tsambatsi, all these were possessed in common, they belonged to the people of the area and they belonged to him who first reaped them. if you reaped them, then they become your property. If you harvested Tsambatsi, yes, you could share them with somebody else, but before harvesting they belonged to everyone. If we now say that the land should be divided into portions that are owned, immediately there is a vitiation of common ownership in place of giv. ing way to individual ownership of the plot is less desirable in a communal area at the present moment. Then, if the plot belongs to you and Mr. Patel comes along and says he has money and wants to buy the plot, can you divide the land. Mr. Jackson comes along and those who have money will eventually buy all the land. This is what happens in Europe, you know. If you study the agricultural revolution of Europe, the small land holders lost and ceded their land to the larger land holders who had the capital. But fortunately in Europe the Agricultural Revolution was followed by the Industrial Revolution and industries grew, but they grew also because of trade with Africa, the East and so on and people had jobs in the industries. In our own case, industries are not growing as fast. Perhaps there will come a time when it becomes desirable that the industries will grow in these areas and they will become industrial urban centres in what are currently called rural areas or communal areas. To encourage their growth, . *.. eed to give freehold tenure to ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 frankly on regionalism those who need plots or stands in or order to develop small or large industries. But again, the growth points, being in rural areas as they are, will eat into the communal areas in order for them to grow but that is inevitable. We will have to accept that that should happen and that much as we would want to see the communal system and the growth pointsare going to grow into industrialised centres, into large urban areas and then there is need for the communal areas to cede some land to the growth points and I think that has been happening and can be encouraged very much. But the land tenure system its poison. It might link to profiteer;ng rather than just be a guest for pi- s. Campaign of profiteering, campaign for speculation and there is lots of deceit, you see, in the private sector, there is over invoicing in regards to exports, under- invoicing and that kind of thing. It's an area where the morality is dictated by how much money you can make no matter how. This we must guard against. if we are going to have a system which really is viable for us, viale from a social point of view, economic view, the social point of view must have an in-built system of morality, then I feel that we have to put along side a very viable social system, in other words, a socialist system. Thats the right of the workers in enterprises and their right to strike. Not just stnking, it is striking when it is necessary- The workers must have a share, an equity, in the enterprise for which they work. You have that in European system. In Germany the workers in almost all big enterprises, the workeis have a share and therefore establish a sense, not just of ownership, but of belonging also to the enterprise, just as the enterprise belongs to them. Then the socialist system alongside corporations which are nationally viable. Also, don't give up state control in vital fields, never, ever. So within the context of the reckoning you allow private enterprise. There are areas obviously where private enterprise is needed, where high capital is required. In the mining area it is necessary, but we must not give up demands that we hold as government, as the state, areas that are productive merely because of the doctrine of private enterprise. I think it is absolutely nonsensical to hold that the state cannot do business on behalf of the nation. If the state cannot do business without taxing the nation, let it do that business and do it efficiently. But of course the State has more areas to take care of, more functions than that of just carrying out the good business. But I am looking at the parastatals that we have, if we can make them profitable, why not continue operating them. As we reduce the taxation levels, the percentage of tax is getting higher than it is elsewhere and that is worrying us. We are looking at all kinds of solutions. There can be a coexistence between socialism and capitalism but as I said a few days ago, coexistence must be peaceful and the one area must accept the two areas and *Continued to Page 12 .il is under study and we would hope that the results will give us that kind of direction. Tungwarara: Moving on to foreign policy, Your Excellency; the Minister of Foreign Affairs has said that there is need to review Zimbabwe's foreign policy to reflect our new economic thrust. The specific question here is why don't we have diplomatic relations with South Korea? His Excellency: For obvious reasons. We felt that South Korea was opposed to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and that the DPRK was a much greater friend to us than South Korea and that South Korea was a puppet of the Americans. Thats what we believe and that it was as good as a colony. Next there was the issue of the reunification of the Korean peninsula. But we have since revised our views a 'we will be relating it in a much more meaningful way in the future. It may take us a year so to improve our relations but weiave -invited them. to participate in our show (Trade Fair) but we have to look at who our friends are. That is what diplomacy is about. You don't just go headlong into a relationship if it will affect your exist, ing relations. But as I said, relations are improving vis-a- vis South Korea. Muradzikwa: Briefly can you say that now that the Party and government have adopted ESAP we have heard the last of socialism in Zimbabwe. His Excellency: We haven't. We haven't at all. ESAP might jack us up actually and teach us a few lessons but private enterprise has an ugly venomous head mt rues and that we must be aware of "True, we are liberalising: but we musi not liberalise at our cost, at the cost of the nation. Employment is vital for the survival of the nation," - President Mugabe. I Nati nal News 1.993 annual reports show strong and vibrant political party By our correspondent he annual reports for the work and programme of ZANU PF in the year 1993 show a Party that is strong and vibrant. Contrary to the rumours and propaganda of our enemies that ZANU PF has lost momentum, and members are demoralised, the Party membership is solid and growing. At the last meeting of the Central Committee held on Friday, December 4, 1993 he heads of departments submitted their annual reports. They were detailed and informative. The highlights of each report are touched upon in this 'report, but we would urge all members to read the full reports. Meeting the people The outstanding event of the year was the exhaustive and intensive tour of each province by the President and First Secretary, Cde. Robert G. Mugabe. It was a grand and successful tour in many respects. After the devastating drought of 1992, the tour was a much-needed morale booster for the nation, and especially the communal farmers. it also bouyed our members who work at the grassroots to be visited by their leader. It encouraged those Members of Parliament who do not usually visit their Mugabe speaks frankly on tribalism and regionalism Continued from page 10 there should be some interaction. From the point of view of the nation the two must be able to viable, to be productive and it is not always so. Sithole: A very short question, what is your New Year wish? His Excellency: My New Year wish is that we have more rains. I wish for more rain. I wish for a better agricultural season than we had. In other words, more abundant agricultural season in 1994 and of course within that wish, I would want to see greater employment and an upsurge in industrial performance. So I have that double wish for agriculture and industry. Thank you. Cde. Moven Mahachi constituencies to do so, and to see the development projects in their areas. Meetings of interest groups The meet-the-people tour v as not confined to addressing the well-attended rallies of Party members only. The President and First Secretary visited and inspected development projects in every district. He also addressed further meetings of farmers, businessmen, teachers, trade unions, church groups, and the local provincial and district leadership of ZANU-PF. Those meetings provoked constructive discussions between the President and all sections of our society. Those who normally criticise the Party saying it was out of touch with people were exposed and rendered speechless. The anti-Party journalists and professionals, and especially the Europeans, were so embrassed, and so much but to shame, that they could not show their faces at any of the meetings. Health problems abound The report of the Secretary of Health then, Dr. Herbert Ushewokunze, (who has since resigned) showed that there were many problems in the health field that need to be addressed, especially at the Parirenyatwa Hospital in Harare. Steps have to be taken soon to &ppoint a commission that will advise the government on the measures that should be taken in order to improve the health services being given to our people. The report underlines the preparatory work being done to put in place a national health insurance scheme; as well as a national social security scheme. A factor that has undermined our health services is excessive commercialisation and privatisation. Doctors are now giving priority to the work in their private surgeries, instead of the public hospitals that employ and pay them a monthly salary. In some cases, private patients are being given access to facilities and medicines at public hospitals. In discussions, it was also felt that h~ealth charges for cost recovery should be dropped. The monies collected are small, and yet a lot of administration trouble goes into the collection. External relations The Secretary for External Relations, Cde. Steven Nkomo, reported on the contacts and visits that had taken place with other political parties. The most important of these was the intensification of relations with the ANC and PAC of South Africa as they move towards the crucial election of April 27, 1994. The department is appointing Ms Musa Nancy Zindoga as Deputy Director at the headquarters. She has been working in other departments since 1987. The Department of Transport and Social Welfare, under the leadership of Cde. W.H. Mabhena, has allotted landrovers, cars, and bicycles, to the province for their work. Cde. Mabhena is'desperately short of vehicles to meet the increasing requirements for transport in the provinces. Cde. V.Z. Virfri has been appointed Assistant Director for the Department of Transport' and Social Welfare. Restructuring now complete The National Political Commissar, Cde. M.E. Mahachi, reported the good news that the work of re-structuring the vari0 Continued on Page 13 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Victoria Falls meeting opens new chapter The ZANU PF Politburo meeting with members of the business communitv took place at Elephant Hills Hotel in Victoria Falls he meeting of the Politburo on February 2-4, 1994, was unique and poative. It opened a new chapter in the style of government in this country, and the relations between the govemment and the people.. It was unique in that it was the first time the Politburo members had interacted with leaders of organised business in this country. It meant that ordinary Zimbabweans went to the very seat of govern*ment, and the ruling Party, and expressed their own views, and those of the people they represented. That direct contact opens a new and a very good chapter in the political affairs of our, country. The business groups that interacted most with the Politburo were the newlyformed IBDC (Indigenous Business Development Centre), ZIMTRADE, the Chamber of Mines, the Reserve Bank, and others. Although no definite decisions were taken, there was a wealth of information that was given to the Politburo members. This information will be utilised as and when concrete proposals or legislations are discussed. President's opening remarks In his opening remarks, the President and First Secretary, Cde. R.G. Mugabe, said "the purpose of the retreat was to conduct an in-depth appraisal of the successes and failures of the Economic Re- form Programme and to account for these, tq determine the correctness of its current direction and to draw lessons from its implementation with a view to ascertaining the adjustment that might be required to the reform programme. In addition, the Politburo would assess who the beneficiaries of the Economic Reform Programme in its existing form were, and what adjustments were needed to ensure that the benefits of the Economic Reform Programme accrued to the indigenous people. In response, the Politburo members welcomed the retreat as an opportunity to undertake a serious review of the Economic Reform Programme, and to consider necessary measures to ensure the indigenisation of the economy. Indigenisation of the economy The retreat devoted time to discussing the indigenisation of the economy. Papers were presented by Cde. CD. Siziba, Chairman of the IBDC, E. Kamushinda, Secretary -General, and others. Cde. Siziba cited lack of capital, markets, 0 Continued to Page 14 1993 annual reports show strong and vibrant political party e Cominued fin Page 12 ous organs of the Party is now complete. This work has been going on for two years. Every province now has properly constituted and known districts, branches, and cells. Elections have been held, and the leaders of these organs elected properly by a popular vote. Cde Mahachi outlined the arrangements made for holding the youth congress in May, and the Women's congress in July. All in all, ten sub-committees have been set up to prepare for the congresses. By the end of the year, ZANU-PF will have an entirely new leadership at every level. It will then be ready for the general parliamentary elections to be held early in 1995. All members are re-registering and getting new membership cards. The old cards have expired and should be turned in to the Commissariat. New cards are now available in every province. Seminars are being held at provincial, district, ward and branch levels to explain Party policy, and to mobilise the people for the elections already mentioned. The seminars provide an opportunity for Party leaders to analyse and assess problems that hinder economic development at grassroot level. Famine defeated The Secretary for Information and Publicity, Cde. N.M. Shamuyarira, reported on the misrepresentations and distortions of Party policy by the opposition newspapers. Even the very positive work done by government to combat and to defeat the severe drought of 1992, is presented in a very negative light. The fact that no Zimbabwean died of hunger in that year was a monumental achievement by government that has been commented upon favourably by many international organisations and observers. But, the opposition and the yellow press fail or refuse to see that. - ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Victoria Falls meeting opens new chapter * Continued from Page 13 management skills, and technology as major constraints besetting indigenous entrepreneurs. He said ministries should be required to implement affirmative action programmes for indigenous businessmen. Insurance and pension funds shnuld be used in the same way. He fully endorsed the proposal for the establishment of a national investment fund, and the provision of skilled staff to helpf small-scale businesses. R 7 In his paper, Cde. Kamushinda said the indigenous entrepreneur was economi A cally marginalised, lacked markets and capital and was discriminated against by white-held institutions. Cde. Kamushinda suggested that a comprehensive and deliberate indigenisation programme was crucial if national economic ownership patterns were to change in favour of blacks. He underscored the need to have a legislated 50 percent lending quota by banks for indigenous en Cdc. R.G Mugabe arriving at Victoria Falls for the important meeting trepreneurs. It was his view that the board composition of govemment owned institutions, such as the Mining Affairs Board, be altered to reflect r~a tional ethnic patterns. He proposed the enactment of an Indigenous Development Act and a statutory instrument to reserve certain investment areas for blacks. (more extracts of his paper will be published in our next issue). For the latest in news. entertainmeni and a ,4 sport: Get a copy m Zim'zbabw'e \ w,-, The Politburo retreat discussed the ec,,,,omic reform programme with a view to ascer taming adjustments that might be needed from your The Zimbabwe News nearest is prin9ed by Jongwc Printers newsstand 14 Austin Road., Workington, Harare Tele: 68428/64749/68431 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 M Natimial News

ZANU's socialist policy explained ANti's socialist policy was ex plained by Cde. S.V. Muzenda, the Vice-President, at the Victoria Falls meeting of the Politburo last month. It was a retreat meeting attended by about 25 representatives of the private sector, to discuss the Economic Reform Programme after 4 years of implementation. he Zimbabwean opposition parties that will contest the next general election in 1995 have no policy of their own, and no programme They have to wait for their masters - the Eu ropean settlers - to guide and teach them. One of the problems they face is disunity and pursuing different prnicies. Mir. lan D. Smith, the last Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia. is meeting the op position leaders regul.rly in an effort to build a united front of his own choos ing. He is also telling them the kind of policy to pursue, such as free enterprise systems, strong controls on labour, and making the rich richer. The opposition parties have been told by their backers that their leader must be Enoch Dumbutshena, the leader of the Forum Party. He is the one most acceptable to the white settlers, and especially the liberals. That poses a seri or.s dilemma to Bishop Abel Muz',)rewa. and to Edgar Tekere who have joined hands in ZUM They have not agreed on who will lead Ihe new ZUM At present. it is joint leadership. But, what they would not accept is to become vicepresidents to Dumbutshena. Brarch leaders imposed None of these opposition leaders are dremocrats. They are well-known for ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 The Vice-President submitted a paper titied "Indigenisation of the Economy"' He said indigenisation of the economy was necessary to redress the negative effects of the colonial/racist policy of ex cluding blacks from the mainstream of the economy. After independence, economic power had remained entrenched ...,.' Cdc. Enoch Dumbuishe,,a their autocratic and dictatorial practices in the old nationalist movements. They were thrown out. or left behind, in th2 *Contiiucd tn Palc 16 in the hands of the white people. ZANU PF policy after independence is aimed at avoiding neo-colonialism, and achieving economic independence through self- reliance. ZANU PF's socialism He stated that ZANU PF's socialism accepted both public and private ownership of the means of production. promoted mutual assistance, and provided help for the weak and the disadvantaged in society. The Vice-President urged indigenous entrepreneurs to be honest, practical and avoid consumerism. it was also essential that they endeavour to learn from the experiences of others. and to acquire business management skills. The Vice- PresidenL then enumerated the methods that could be employed to help in indeginising the economy of Zimbabwe:-(a) Faciitating indigenous entrepreneurs to have access to control business districts in all cities and towns. (b) joint ventures between indigenous entrepreneurs, and foreign investors. (c) Settlement of indigenous farmers on state land on lease. With the necessary financial and technical support. (d) Increasing worker-owned enterprises. (e) Facilitating access by indigenous entrepreneurs to medium and longterm loans. (f) Supporting blacks, including civil servants, to enter into commercial agriculture through provision of land, capital, equipment and skills (g) Promotion of cooperatives and collectives. fh) Facilitating the marketing of produce and products. (i) Providing differential and preferential access to Government contracts for indigenous entrepreneurs. The Vice-President felt that, with the foregoing measures and others, the indigenous entrepreneurs would not re main marginalised and concentrated in the retail and service sectors. Tired opposition parties have no policy: An assessment of Dumbutshena

Tired opposition parties have no policy: An assessment * Continued from Page 15 nationalist drive towards independence, precisely because they were autocratic and dictatorial. Enoch Dumbutshena has shown a little bit of his true colours in the Forum Party recently, but more will come. At the recent elections for the Mashonaland Branch of the Forum, Mr. James Dambaza Chikerema was defeated for the post of organising secretary which he wanted. Instead, a young man who works in the Harare City Council was elected. Dumbutshena would not have this. The young man was told to stand down; and Chikerema was appointed organising secretary in his place. Branch members were furious at this undemocratic behaviour by the leader. They got a deaf ear. The same thing is being done to Bulawayo Branch which does not want the sight of Enos Nkala, the fugitive from the Kariba constituen- of Dumbutshena cy of ZANU PF. Dumbutshena has im. posed him also on the Bulawayo branch. No one who has worked with Chikerema, Nkala, or Dumbutshena, will be surprised by their behaviour. Only those Europeans who don't know them, expect any kind of democracy from that quarter. The judge is no democrat Enock Dumbutshena was raised to the high pedestal of democracy and human rights by President R.G. Mugabe, who appointed him as Chief Justice when Justice Telfer Georges had to leave. In that position, he started making noises about democracy and human rights. He had never done that before. During the struggle for independence, he stood aloof and hardly opened his Viouth on the burning issues of settler colonial racist rule. The Europeans who only knew him when he was a Judge, should dig a bitter further into his past, and they will find that he is no democrat at all. Tired man The Forum Party and its backers are pushing a very tired man. Recently, he was told by his doctors to take a rest, although he had not exerted himself very much in the last months, He has no new ideas to give to his followers. When the government recognised the state of Israel, following the signing of the Washington accord in September last year, he claimed that as his policy. On land, he tried to please everybody, and on the economy he hasn't got a clue of where to go, and what to say. He is opposed to the resettlement programme, and to the rights of the workers. Of course, his European backers have no time for the workers. El The Editor and staff of The Zimbabwe News, The People's Voice and the Managing Director of Jongwe Printers convey their deepest sympathies to the Mkwananzi and Nkala families as Well as the people of Alatabeleland South on the transic death of ZANU PF provincial chairman, Cde. Johnson Mkwananzi and provincial treasurer, Cde. Phineas Nkala MAY THEIR SOULS REST IN PEACE! ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 James Chikerema of the Forum Party

ZANU PF Bulawayo provincial resolutions The following are the resolutions proposed by various Party districts at the ZANU PF Bulawayo provincial congress held from 11 - 13 February, 1994 at McDonald Hall in Mzilikazi: Education More High Schools should be constructed to accommodate more children leaving school after completing Form Four. - Hlanganani District -Nehanda District 2. The government to give city councils the right to build and run secondary schools as this will ease the heavy burden already being experienced by the government in running secondary schools. - Umganwini District 3. Our educational curriculum should be improved to cover courses which will assist students to earn themselves a living after school. - Kanyekanye District 4. We request a big technical college in the western areas. .- imbizo District 5. The rural children find it difficult to get places in urban schools even if they are bonafide children in urban areas. The urban schools won't take that child in their areas, we appeal to government to review that policy- Nehanda District 6. Teachers' Training college in Matabeleland region is dominated by persons from other regions such as Masvingo, Mashonaland, Midlands, et cetera. - Thorngrove/Ngu boyenja Districts 7. To create a fund that would assist in emergency disasters, and help brilliant students who can not further their studies because of poor family background. -City Centre District 8. More upper six secondary schools to be upgraded to meet with a lot of '0' Level pupils who want to go further. - Lobengula West District 9. That all scholarships be awarded on the recommendations of provincial committees established for this purpose and that such committees should include provincial officials of the Ministry of Education and the Party. - Ward 6 District' 10. That in the light of deem employment prospects faced by the youth of Zimbabwe, the Bulawayo Polytechnic and other colleges should. with immediate effect, reverse the decislon to exclude students who, in the past would have been allowed to continue studying while at the same time supplementing. - Ward 6 District 11. That government of Zimbabwe subsidise all university education in Zimbabwe including that provided by private universities such as Africa University, Solusi and the proposed Catholic University so as to ensure that fees paid are reasonable for the majority of qualified students in Zimbabwe. - Ward 6 District - Lookout Masuku District 12. To alleviate the problem ot tribalism and consolidate national unity the District recommendations that major languages mainly Shona and Ndebele should be taught at all schools throughout Zimbabwe such a move has been done successfully in other countries, this will-ease communication problems among our people and enhance inter-tribal understanding. - Lookout Masuku District Party nominations and elections 13. That the country's President and Vice Presidents cease to represent their constituencies. - Lobengula Mawaba District - Butholezwe District 14. That the Party should clearly define its system followed when selecting Heroes. - Lobengula West District - Lobengula Mawaba District 15. Each District must provide one name to the Ceritral Committee un like the present situation where individuals, hand picked are either from big cities or from one Province as some areas would be left behind in development. - Kanye Kanye District - Babambeni District 16. Commissariat must be led by peo. ple of high political integrity who shall solve disputes objectively without fear or favour. - Nketa District 1 7. All districts should have representation on provincial level during the elections. - Babambeni District - Ward I1 Madlela District - Thorngrove/Nguboyenja District 18. Work out secretly an election strategy for 1995 General Elections. - City Centre District 19. We propose that in the next provincial elections, enough time to be given to Districts to sell their ideas to the districts so as to choose the best provincial leaders. - Lobengula West District 20. The newly elected provincial members should work hard not sit on our resolutions. - Lobengula West District 21. That candidates nominated to fill any position in the provincial committee be selected on the basis of their duties. sound political experience and educational qualifications should be some of the prerequisites for qualification into any post. - Ward 6 District Communication in the Party 22 There should be an improved communication system between the organs ot the Party as well as government departments. - Hlanganani District - Mandla Kazulu District - Lookout Masuku District 23. Provincial headquarters communication with districts to be effective *Coni ued to Page 18 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

ZANU PF Bulawayo provincial resolutions i.e. any messages/correspondences to the districts or vise versa strictly to follow Party channels. - Umnganwini District 24. The Party national headquarters to increase transport feet in the province and also the province to provide transport for district mem ber when attending inter-district meetings. - Umganwini District - Amandla Ebantwini District 25. Publicity Secretary shouid introduce provincial newsletter. - nsukamini District 26. Communication both internal and external be effectively improved downwafd from the province to the cells and upwards, cells to the Province up to Central Committee. - Nketa District - nziki District Employment 27. That on employment, where the government has a say, locals should get the first chance. - Lobengula Mawabc District - Lobengula We, t D!strlc 28 Retiring age to be reduced to 55 years. - Insukamini District 29. Recruitment to post in government departments in our region (Matabeleland) is 'lone in Harare, why not in Bulaw yo? - Thorngrove/Ng ioyenja District Projects 30. We need a Vocational Training Centre in our area in Pumula North. i.e. a house shelter - Amandla Ebantwini District 31 For all our as'ric itj'rl actvties "o func ion we need a piece of land for the Youth nerbers. - Amandla Ebantwini District 32 Party Districts to be assisted tinan cially and technically so a, to start their own projects. Kanye Kanye Dit'c" Lookout MasubLi District Mzilikazi,/arbourhields District Nketa District - City Centre District 33 Partc tn encourage government to e:t oeooie , tilhse so:"e 0\ e!t: n * Continued from Page 17 tarms that are lying idle waiting for resettlement programmes. - Babambeni District - City Centre District - Lobengula West District 34 That government should put more empasis on development by encouraging the establishment of more industries through decentrali sation of the function of sourcing of investment funds so as to enable each province to source its own funds. --Ward 6 District 35. Development '01 0ild balance in all provinces ant ouwns. -- Emakhandeni East District Party administration 36 Each district to have an office to enable it to operate effectively Umganwini District Lobengula West Distinct 37 The provincial leaoership should visit districts individually and not meet them only at inter-district meetings. - Ithernba Lethu District 38 Dstcris siould be provided /.iw stationery to u .e -_ Nketa District 39. All Party organ members should be pad for their services in thesr struc tures as they are the ones who keep the Party alive _ Lobengula West D s rirt 40 We recommeid that the Party cal locates a certain percentage of m bers contributions and other ty funds to branches and dis tricts and provircea toi their owvn adminstration ond ' (or:'' ol prolecs Currenity all I i 'is coilula et, arc sent to lie I' n.q,, nt, ,d other Party funds i ,e the $30 mui lion from government 'as not trick led down to the districts and branches -- Lookout Mas,'Iku District Health 41 Ae reque-t a iosrs' O t, r. tiU western areas - Imbizo Distrct Heroes Acre 42 Development of Provincial Heroes Acre to be stepped tip Martia DJstric Bulawayo provincial chairman, Cde. Dumiso Dabengwa Government services/poiicy 4, That the Party thiougni government clearly defines its Policy when resettling people. Lobengula West District Slobengula Mawabo District 44. ZESA must go., ct local governmrent take ovei the electricity in urban areas. -- Imbizo District 45 Taxation is still very high in our country, compared to the rest of the world, w.ith the exccptof o1 IS rael which is tainkc( the hiohest -- N h~mddD 4'(I Arniji dla !,. t u ,t ) ii,,i Lohen, IUd O,2 St District 4, The oovt-rnment to rntcdCure price controls or basic commodities and subsidise to help people e.g. mealie-meal An-rardla i ' ; [Al,, l(' hnb bo [) tt Y 7he overnrnti[ must first demon stiate the use of projects to its peo pIe who qualify to run such projects Loben, tla West District 48, Government grant ec:sion to oill people aged not only those who retire from work. - Lobergula West District 49. Administration of government ministries be decentralised to neces*Continued it) Page 19 , ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

ZANU PF Bulawayo provincial resolutions * Continued from Page 18 sitate speed, e.g. emergency taxi permits. - Emakhandeni East pistrict Political education 50. The Party should hold regulai seminars for its members so as to equip them with all rules and laws of the country, their rights as Party members and also on other topics such as drug abuse and AIDS. - Umganwini District - Ithemba Lethu District - Lookout Masuku District 51. We call for scientific political research so that the Pai ty continues to be popular. - Nketa District 52. Provincial members should always organise seminars to educate people from time to time about the Party and how to channel their resolutions. - Babambeni District - Ward II Mandlela District - Thorngrove/Nguboy enja District Epidemic tribalism 53. Tribalism shou L be destroyed from the highest rank to the lowest rnan by high authorities as it is one of the evils which hinder the progress and respect for our country. - Lobengula West District Name of the Party 54. The name of the Party must be United ZANU PF - Isizwe District - Lookout Masuku District General 55. The Majority Age ol 18 years, as it appears in our Constitution .hould be repealed again and the Age of Majority increased to 2 1 years. - Hlanganani District - Nehanda District - Amandla Kazulu District 56. The government to pay off all mo. nies owed by Nketa residents to the World Bank and then in turn the residents will pay direct to the government as this will avoid the unnecessary house auctioning by banks. - Umganwini District 57. Statutes authorising marital proceedings without tho parents ,i.ng to educate him/f V. negarive effects to community. - Kanye Kanye District 58 Decentralisation -- people believe decentralisation will be the best policy to be adopted by our government. Nehanda District Lobengula West District -Wad 6 District Mayibanlwo Indaba District 50 If there in a dispute within the Party, NC Party Member shoold go to the press. ButLhoezwe District City Centre District 60. Councillois should not contest proviricial elections r-- , tole-wve Distrncl -qzinda District 61. That, every member of the Party snoUld be free to say h;s it her views VVitno! beni intimidated by any member at ihe Pary as the statc has freedom of speech - Maybanlwe Indaba District 62. Create sohidarity ,and support groups s) as to c -mcrnioratt iatoia ied inLettlat)CM6,; eveIIIS. - City C rtie D irct 63. C~eate lund raismo coinitiees front branch. disuct and provincial structuies. - City Centre Disti ct 64. Must work hard to bring into its fold trade unions, teachers union. Churches and other organisations to be a!lrliated to the Party. -- City Centre it ?tict 65. TO recruit )ol leavers and intellectua! , i, o the & iy jnd avoid shunnin th't In away to opposition Parti6City Centre Djbtrict Lookout Masuku District 66. Try and liaise with ruling Parr',s in neighbouring countries. - City Centre District 57. Try and work closely with excombatants associations and the disabled. - City Centre District Additional resolutions Silundika District 68. The government should act vigorously towards creating jobs and providing incentives to small business ventures to bring the youth of the society into business. 69, The youth members are calling upon the government to ensure good communication between teachers and school children, especially at primary education level, i.e. in some cases it is observed that school children at primary level are taught by teachers who are not familiar with the mother language or the children. Magwegwe Central district 70. The entire leadership sho id have to improve of its coMmmLicatiothrough P.-rty structures. 71 There should be a fair distribution of the Party funds in the case of projects proposal applications. 72. Social Welfare offices should be decentralised to the towns during the period of the school opening days to avoid long queues.73. All public service employees and those of the private sector shot, d have interest in all Zimbauweot. languages, and should all be in a position of knowing all the languages. 74 News media should also be spread fairly around the country. Women bus drivers crash sex barrier ,e, i he challenge of doing what men ment Ior any woman in any k.: of job T do. dealing with the public and suc anywhere in the %' orld. S" .' .ting aday's shed In Zimbabwe. pioneer women bus i . , p I- e un and excit' *Contirued to Page 21 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 rp -db This product is rather tasty, refreshing and now on special off. Unfortunately, the manufaicturer stopped telling people abodt i It can take years to build a reputation for yourself, just weeks for it to dzsappear. In tough times, there is one area that screams opportunity. A You c a n o ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 AR - ---- I

Women bus drivers crash sex barrier * Continued from Page 19 drivers, only recently employed by t& Zimbabwe United Passengers Compi ny's (ZUPCO), have accomplished the fu and excitement, having conquered tih men's world. "It is the challenge of doing what me do, and doing successfully, that providi the fun and excitement",' says Tabit Tichareva, one of the women driven ZUPCO employs a total of 14 wome bus drivers, some of whom have bee behind the steering since 1991, whe the company in which the state hi majority shareholding decided to bree the sex barriers and incorporate fema drivers within its ranks. The women are only a small part of t total 2 167 drivers who daily fer hundreds of passengers in both the hii and low density suburbs of Harar Bulawayo, Gweru, Mutare and other L ban areas, commuting to and fro work, and into town for shopping. Like their male colleagues, the worn drivers ferry all sorts of characters, t young, the old, drunkards, cloths ai church-goers. They seem to cope with all situations.. ie Janet Mbano, (30), married with two chila- dren, says bus driving is nothing new n ie to her, given the experience she gained driving heavy vehicles for a local cargo company. !n !s Widely travelled ia She was the first ZUPCO woman driver, having worked for the cargo company and driving as far as Zaire, Mozambique, !n Tanzania, Malawi and South Africa. !n "Passengers describe my work as ;ExIs cellent with motherly care" because I ik treat men as my own husbands, womle en as friends, and children as my own" says Mbano. he Some of the women said passengers, both men and women, oftern felt unsafe ry in a bus being driven by a woman. The h passengers fears got allayed with time, r- says Mbano. m Junior Watadza (42) married witfour children, says she has often come across such a situation. "One lady en came and confessed that she was not he happy being driven by a woman. Sc id she sat quietly. At Machipisa (in Harare's Highfield suburb) she came to me and said thank you very much because I have learnt one thing - women are just as good drivers as men" said Watadza. Millet Mkandapi (36), married with one child, is also one of the few women driving ZUPCO buses. She said while other women admired her job, the men were jealous. She also says instinct dictates what action to take on the road, and is able to contain both safe and dangerous situations. One experience she remembers was when she was training and it was raining. "The vehicle (bus) swerved in the road and I learnt that I had to change down gears to stop it" she says. Dangerous situation Mbano remembers the day she survived a potentially dangerous situation. "I had been driving and suddenly there was a broken down truck ahead in my lane and another bus overtook me in front of oncoming trafffic. I slammed 0 Continued to Page 22 One of the woman bus drivers, Cde. Dorothy Serere, checking her schedule before driving of] to (Greendale, Harare ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994* 21

Women bus drivers crash sex barrier * Continued from Page 21 the brakes hard and the other bus passed but I realised I had saved the lives of my passengers" said Mbaio. Asked whether they did not feel exposed to danger from rude or unruly passengers, all the women drivers said that was not the case, and agreed that passengers are always right. Georgina Darare (26) explained: What I find interestng is the support we get from passengers. For example, one day a passenger failed to explain himself to me and the rest of the passengers silenced him saying he should stop ,'omanisino" The women work up to 8 p.m., depending an their.work sc'redule' They are capable of driving either the conventional or mini-buse )nd most nf the training is in-house. ZUPCO, which operates a total fleet of 1 387 buses, is the only bus company training class one drivers at its depots in Harare and Bulawayo It appears the company's women drivers who have taken up the rare challenge would like to stay, judging from the fact that only very few of them have left after taking up such employment. "We have been taking them as they come, and to my knowledge, not more than three women haje left since we started taking the women drivers", said the company's public relations manager, Mr. Ben Mauchaza. Personal reasons He would not say why these had left but explained: "I suppose each one had their own personal reasons".' The company's human resources manager, Tichaona Manyika says, "ZUPCO has always maintained an open door policy and we do not discriminate against women as long as they meet our recruitment requirements". He added that the women drivers' performance since 1991 had been "very good" and their recruitment would continue as the situation arose. Manyika says his company has "Ample proof" that women were capable of competing on an equal footing with male drivers without problems. 'E Dhlakama says no cash, no election R enamo leader Alfonso Ohlakama money on lodging, food and transport, has warned that "Reiamo could with little actually going to Renamo's cancel the elections - "I mean, we political transformation. The contract could decide noL to participate in elec- with Lonrho to rent its Cardoso Hotel for tions - unless, by Febr1 E.r, the inter- Renamo staff accommodation in Mapunational communnity honours its to is nearly finished and Lonrho is said p~omise of financial support." to be intending to double the rent if it He said Renamo faces serious funding extends the lease. problems. So far it has no means to con- Ajello considers financial support for duct its electoral campaign. "A cam- Renamo to be "the single most imporpaign is a contest- I was a military man tant problem" facing the peace process, and I will never go into battle without and ONUMOZ officials have been searchbeing logistically prepared." he said. ing both privately and publicly for funds. Although Ajello was pursuing efforts to But the donors remain unwilling to raise more money for Renamo's trust cough up, for a mix of practical and pofund, Dhlakama said the ONUMOZ chief litical reasons. Most countries are gave him no concrete information and banned from giving aid to foreign politcould only say donors were "concerned" ical parties. by the problem. ONUMOZ is costing $850 000 a day, To further his cause, Dhlakama said he and the UN is asking for $30 million was planning a visit to the United States more to bring in police observers. A US in February, when he would take up a official commented privately that "the personal invitation to visit UN Secretary problem would be solved if we simply General Boutros Boutros-Ghali at UN gave that $30 million to Renamo. It is headquarters in New York. economic madness not to. Yet we cannot. During the Cold War, it would have So far, only Italy has provided money been easy to provide that money covertto a UN managed trust fund for "Rena- ly; now it's impossible. No one is willmo's transformation from a guerilla ing to take shady route now; no one movement into a political organisation." wants to risk trouble for Dhlakama. It's This US$ 6 million was all but spent by too late; Mozambique is not important lanuaiy -- apdpa;ntlv nearlv all the enough." El Africa urged to address root causes of displacement confere-nce to discuss the protection of African refugees and internally displaced persons ended on 18 February in Harare with concrete proposals to African states and the international community to consolidate action in favour of refugees and displaced persons. Although the participants agreed that durable solutions to the' problems of African refugees and internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of African states, they called for the wholehearted solidarity of the international community to enable Africa to address the foot causes of displacement. The three-day conference, which brought together participants from 14 African countries, identified the root, * Continued to Page 23 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 Regional News,

Africa urged to address root causes of S(rominued fioi Phage 22 causes of refugees and displaced persons such as violation of human rights, civil strife, internal disturbances, political conflicts, armed conflicts, ethnic violence, religious intolerance and mass poverty. Zimbabwe's Minister of the Public Serv ice, Labour and Social Welfare, Cde. John Nkomo, in opening the conference, urged Africa to critically examine conventions and protocols conceived by the western natioyis and assess their relevance to the African refugee piblem displacement The seminar was organised by the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) in collaboration with the Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu. gees (UNHCR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) "Human rights violations combined with the severe economic deprivation usually lie at the root of the conflict to aggra,/ate it," said the representative of the UNHCR in Zimbabwe, Wairimu Karago. Atrican states were urged to respect hu- man rights by abiding by existing instruments which include the UN and Organisation of African Unity Conventions on Refugees, the African Charter on Human and People's Rights, and international humanitarian law, among other instruments. The seminar noted the need for information to be provided to refugees, returnees, and internally displaced persons concerning relevant principles of protection and international law to enable them to invoke their rights. . E. War e sale across borders 7-ohn Lculhin W, ater, the "white gold" o1 Lesotho, will 'oon be sold to South Afric, -- the kingdom's neighbour on all fronts. L.sotho will be the first country in southern Africa to sell large quantities of its waters across its frontiers. Lesotho is presently building the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a huge venture which will eventualIly tranfer almost half of the country's water, up to 115 cubic kilometres to South Ai' ca's Vaal River via a network of dam5 and tunnels, while producing electrical power for its own consumption. The Highlands project is one of many water projects being considered in the drought-prone southern African region Member states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are currently discussing ,i proposed Protocol on Shared Watercourses in the SADC Region. The draft protocol expected to be signed in August this year - will set the stage for agreements between SADC countries to share water, including the possibility of transfer of water from one place to another, and sale to other countries. The first steps, taken by SADC and the United Nations Environment Programme fUNEP) in 1985, led to the Zambezi River pction Plan (ZACPLAN). The plan's pur pose was to set up a system to manage the entire Zambezi river basin in a sus tamable, coordinated, and environmen tally sound way. At an April 1993 SADC ,,e -, III vingstoiti Zambia, delegates requested that Z., PLAN be transport Zambezi water to quench its thirst. broadened to cover all river basins in Proposals to tap more sources of SADC. This decision led to the develop- hydropower will now include the Batoment of the draft P7otocol. ka and Mupata gorges on the Zambezi Many other proposals are also being and the Ruacana Falls on the Cunene, considered, largely focusing on the in addition to expanding e':isting faciliZambezi River or its tributaries, but also ties at Kariba and Kafue Overall, the the Cunene and Okavango rivers. Water amount of water which the SADC countransfet schemes include Botswana's tries would like to take from the ZambeNorthSouth Carrier, Zimbabwe's zi is equivalent to some 80 percent of Matabeleland Zambezi Rive Water the water flowing over Victoria Falls Project and South African proposals to each year. Andrew Young heads board of constituency for Africa mbassador Andrew Young has been named chairman of the board of directors for the Consti tuency for Africa (CFAi. an emerging coa lition of organisation'. and individuals with African rnteresmt, He heads the board at a time when the organisation is exploring new linkages between Africans and African Americans. CFA began in December 1990 as a programme of Afrcare. an organisauton that has worked to improve the cualty of lite rn rural Airw lo, c,-e thar 20 years. Te purpose of c eating CFA was to mobilise American, African, and international organisations and individuals, and to link them in a constituency to support the progress and empowerment of African people For rhree years. CFAu nas tocused on the need lor educational, economic, and cultural linkages between Africans on the continent and African Americans. CFA also sponsored several public forums with members of Congress and officials *Continued to Page 24 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 23

Ro N Andrew Young heads board of constituency oCotimuied .i on Page 23 at the US. department of state on US. foreign policy toward Africa. CFA is preparing to become an independent oiganisation this year. Ambassador Young will lead the board as it reorganises CFA and charts a course for the fuiure. A -'aduate of Howard University and Hartford Theological Seminary, Ambassador Young has spent more than 35 years in public service. In 1961, he became a top aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., during the civil rights movement. He was executive vice-president of the Southern Christian Leadership Confererice, was elected to three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, served as for Africa U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, and completed two terms as mayor of Atlanta. He is currently vice chairman of Law Companies Group, Inc., one of the most respected engineering and environmental consulting companies in the world, and is also co-chairman of the board for the Atlanta Committee.for the Olympic Games. Ambassador Young is a member of numerous boards, including the Howard University board of trustees, the Georgia Tech Advisory Board, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Centre's board of directors; the Global Infrastructure Fund; and the Centre of Global Partnership. C. Payne Lucas, the president ot Airicare, said, "Having someone of the calibre of Ambassador Young to chair the board bodes extremely well for the future of SoA h ' . A s South Africa moves closer to the , neral election of April 27, 1994, the spectre of violence and counter-violence is stalking the land, especially in Natal and Johannesburg. The one man who holds the key to peace in present-day South Africa is the Chief Minister of KwaZulu, Gatsha Mongosuthu Buthelezi. Hd stubbornly refused to take part in the April elections, although the delegation of the Inkatha Freed6m Party (IFP) which he leads did take part in the multi-party talks at the World Trade Centre in Johannesburg. The government and the ANC have made one concession after another, but Buthelezi has refused to join in and bring peaceto his people and his country. Right-wingers not alone The mis-named Freedom Alliance groups together with Afrikaaner rightwingers previously under the leadership of General Viljoen, cannot mount strong opposition to the ele tion on their own. It is the link with Buthelezi that gives them the cover they need to oppose a step towards genuine democracy and independence. An all-out effort was made to win Buthelezi to join Mandela and Makwetu, in the election, and to leave the Freedom Alliance alone. Without him, the Alliance would collapse. The Zulu Kingdom can and should be accommodated in a united, democratic, and non- racial South Africa. Zwelitini. the Zulu King, can reign over his people in a united South Africa. Salim Salim's visit The Secretary-General of the OAU, Comrade Salim Ahmed Salim, visited South Africa for the first time recently. This gives the electoral process the blessing of the OAU. He had extensive meetings. with Presidents F.W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, and Clarence Makwetu. He also met General Viljoen, the resigned leader of the right-wingers. He travelled to Vlundi to meet Gatsha Buthelezi, and King Zwelithini of the Zulus. It is known that Salim Salim made a strong appeal to Buthelezi to join-the peace process, and not deny his people the vote they have fought for so long. It is tragic to boycott the elections, and deny the Zulus the right to vote for a government of their choice, Buthelezi was told. The OAU is increasing its number of observers for the elections. The United Na- OAU secretary.-general, Cde. Salim Ahmed Salim tions is also doing the same. The work at the polling stations has been increased by the decision to have two separate ballot papers for the national and the regional tickets. Nearly 900 seats will be at stake, half of them for the national seats, and half for the regions. Spiral of violence The spiralling of violence is the one fac tor that could mar or even upset the elections. But, the spectre of violence should not be overstated. It is limited to the Durban area in Natal, and the Vaal triangle in Johannesburg. The other cities, such as Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Pietermaritzburg, De Qrr, Simonstown, Mafeking et cetera are free of violence. Preparations for the elections are going on smoothly and quietly there. r E ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 CFA. It will be critical for the Contituency for Africa to be respected and to engage in constructive dialogue throughout the halls of power in this country, if it is to be effective. Ambassador Young is widely respected inside and outside of the establishment." Melvin P. Foote, the coordinator of CFA, says, "Building unity among organisations and groups participating in the constituency network will be crucial to its success. Building a common agenda for Africa among these various organisations will be challenging, but it can be done. Substantial attention of the new organisation will need to be focused on educating the American public and raising awareness about Africa and African issues. u e s

Bright, Fresh Tanganda For Every Uplifting Occasion UP UP. I' LFIs YOU UP ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

New broom at SADC The new secretary of SADC, Mr. Mbuende, is on a tour of the ten countries in his economic sub-regional organisation. He is familiarising himself with the countries in the region. One of the issues he is discussing was the report of consultants on the harmonisation of SADC and PTA. The Ghanian diplomat, Kenneth Dadzie, is heading the committee that is producing this report - most likely in March or April. The SADC and PTA countries are waiting for this report. It should show the way forward. In the meantime, the SADC Summit is Ilanned for next August in Arusha, Tanzania. If the April elections in South Africa are held successfully, it is hoped that South Africa will assume full membership of SADC at the Arusha meeting. Lesotho Crisis The mountain kingdom of Lesotho faced a revolt of the Royal Lesotho Defence Forces (RLDF) in mid.lanuary. The government nearly lost control as two groups of the RLDF exchanged fire in Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. The Lesotho government requested the South African government to send a peacekeeping force to Lesotho. The latter refused to be involved alone but was willing to join forces with othel stafes. The South African Foreign Minister, Mr. Pik Botha, referred the matter to the Commonwealth, the OAU, and/or the UN. The Commonwealth secretary general, Chief Emeka Anyouku, responded by requesting Zimbabwe and Tarzania to send a small contigent of 200 men. President R.G. Mugabe of Zimbabwe responded quickly by conven . a meeting with President Q, Masire i Botswana, President F.W. de Klerk of South Africa and President Mandela of the African National Congress in Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. This was a historic first meeting between Cde. Mugabe and Mr. de t

- 'eriati ~i () 1JFI4 fsU'D [ 6[ hree elderly South Korean women. T who were forced to serve as sexu,al slaves for Japanese soldiers dur ing World War 11, attempted suicide on January 25, to demand Tokyo's apolo gy and compensation for its wartime atrocities. When 13 women, including them, held a protest rally against Japan's insincere attitude toward the settlement of the "comfort women" issue in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul, the three suddenly took out their knives and attempted to slash their bellies after shout ing slogans and' reading a statement denouncing Japan's refusal to pay "oppropriate" compensation. Police rushed in to stop them &no tooi them to a nearby hospital. No injury wa,, reported. The protesters carried a huge placard which read. "Japan must pay due com pensation. Otherwise, we will let the world know 'of, Japan's inhuman behaviour by committing suicide." Historians estimate that up to 200 000 women, most oi them Koreans, were forcibly drafted as prostitutes for Japan,-e soldiers during World War !I"We cannot hold back our anger at the Japanese government's irresponsible policy towrrds the victirms of Jcpan's wartime atrocities." thev said in 'he statement "We will be fighting at any cc,t until Japan makes appropriate compensation." they added. Japan maintains that the question of compensation for its colonial rule of Korea was settled when they promised "economic cooperation' in the name of "congratulatory funds for independence" under the 1965 South KoreaIsrael releases 800 prisoners he Israeli government has decided to release between 800 to 1 000 Palestinian prisoners following the massacre in a Hebron mosque of 52 Moslems. The move is expected to calm the Palestinian public opinion. However those guilty of major crimes since the autonomy agreement was signed will not be released. An Cx-cir 1lm ' atot as t) ined firon ,hm' hr bel/yI ii protest ag,.. 1- dpan' "insincere attitud, " towards the 'cul/int ofthe ,, 'lazes issue lapan ireaty, saying the forcible drafting of Koreans was legally conducted because the old treaties between Korea and laoan surh as the U!sa 5 Point Treaty or the iapan-Kore Anrexaion Treaty which gave japan the authority to rule Korea. weje legally concluded. However, decisive evidence on the gality of the Ulsa 5-point Treaty uno interni onal law was discovered last October in a libra.y of Colr'nbia Univsity, indicating the treaty was conclud- Japanese In an autographed letter with his official sea.l which was written on June 22 in 1906 to the leaders of principal countries of the ';ortd, the then Korean Emperor cleaiiy said tha: -, vsould never acc it the tireaty uitsc' av'y circum st c:. and therEfore i' v fnw're claim by any counu:y that trit . nsent ,.,as given by him, was gro 'l'ith . 'treaty was concluded -,' c in 190' he United Nation's mos' outstaiid ing decision by the end of 1.902 was to send peace keepin troop:; composed of 40 000 peopi( !o Somha. For the United Nations. ti is the iiest ambitious action in its peace keeping history. Their involvement in politics, economics. social issues. and humanitarianism gave the world the impression that the United Nations had the capability to provide the Somali people with a hopeful fuuin and to s up new node! tor the United NaLions other peac keeping actions However, the results were not what was expected. Ear si cess did not brir, sound result the peace be arne a compulsory p ' the ueace keepi, g trnops encou: ,-,ed , stro, remistance that ', efal western rour tries pulled theii troos oi' of Son alhc The United Nations h n, w 0. At 4o seek a political solution to ' Le The torturous experience in Sor' 0Continued to Page 28 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 New role for the UN by He Hongze The torturous experience in omalia taught the lesson that peace Ati,'pie. nu.t be limited to peace keeping. 'he internal affairs of'one countr' can be '.1; ed only by the people of that countr. The efforls of the internatitnal coIn unitv can onli be helpful or sovoh.metar).

New role for the UN *Continued from Page 27 taught the lesson that peace-keeping must be limited to peace-keepini. The internal affairs of one country can be solved only by the people of that country. The efforts of the international community can only be helpful or supplementary. Within the two or three yeart after tht end of the Cold War, UN peace-keeping actions have increased sharply to 17 missions with a total of 80 000 personnel involved. Peace-keeping expenses have gone as high as US$3.7 billion. This has created an unbearable financial burden for the United Nations. The trend towards multipolar global international relationships after the end of the Cold War was made clear last year during the UN General Assembly meeting. Third World countries expressed a strong sense of unity and took their own stands on how to maintain peace, human rights, and economic and social development. The Group of 77 and the Non-Alignment Movement played more activt roles in the United Nations. After the end of the Cold War, many countries placed their hopes on the United Nations to solve international issues. However, it also started a new tendency in which people believed that the United Nations would be capable of solving all the world's problems. some western countries even wanted to take advantage of the situation to impose their own model of economic development, social reforms, human rights and democracy on other countries. The functions of the United Nations have extended from multilateral internation- 31 cooperation to intervening in the sovereignty and internal affairs of its member countries. Frequent sanctions have been implemented. But as it turns out, this practice does not achieve favourable results and sometimes does not even work at all. In the most recent session of the UN General Assembly, many developing countries criticised the practices of attaching political conditions to the giving of aid and interfer- ring in another nation's internal affairs on the pretext of defending human rights. The United Nations cannot solve every international problem. Respect for the sovereignty of its member states has been called for by more and more countries. In the past one or two years, when the United Nations was taking part in peace- keeping activities, the issue of development was relatively ignored. But the crude reality is that the gap between the developed and developing countnes has been widening alarmingly. At the most recent session of the UN General Assembly, more countries emphasized the importance of development. The secretary-general has decided to put forward a preliminary report on a development programme to set up regulations on the United Nations' work in economic and social areas. it is clear that the United Nations is making efforts to correct the previous imbalance between peacekeeping and development. [] Arafat arrives in Jericho in May Cde. Yasser Arafat with President Omar Bongo of Gabon alestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) chairman, Cde. Yasser Arafat is expected to return to the occupied territories at the end of May, Israeli environment minister, Yossi Sarid said last month. The PLO chief should arrive in Jericho at the end of May given the progress made in negotiations with the organisation, Sarid told reporters. I The minister was part of the Israeli delegation which struck a deal with the PLO in Cairo, Egypt on February 9 on the security aspects of Palestinian autonomy. Sarid however,.warned: "'Arafat will arrive with thousands of Palestinian policemen. If he does not manage to cut down the level of terrorism, then terrorism will cut him down." Under the September 13 autonomy plan, a strong Palestinian police force is to maintain order in the Gaza Strip arid Jericho as Israeli troops pull out. ZIANAAFP ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Africans most highly educated in Britain by Jim Diane Abbott was the first black female parliamentarian in Britain fricans have emerged as the most highly educated members of British society and are twice as likely to hold jobs in professions as their white colleagues. These findings, which challenge popular stereotypes about the underachievements of the United Kingdom's ethnic population, are revealed in the latest report issued by the government's office of population censuses and surveys. It shows that with a population of 57.6 million, 3 million constitute ethnic minorities. Of that number 6.9 percent were born outside and 49 percent inside the United Kingdom. Among age groups this proportion was highest (one in ten) for people aged 30- 44 and lowest (fewer than one in thirty) for people aged under 16. The educational achievements of the ethnic community are exceptional. More than a quarter of the 130 000 Africans hold qualifications higher that the General Certificate of Education 'A' levels compared with about one in eight whites. They are now just ahead of the Chinese, the most academically succ- cessful ethnic minority in previous studies. Indians from Africa and the Asian subcontinent are the third most highly qualified ethnic group with more than one in seven educated above 'A' level. These three ethnic minorities hold a larger proportion of top professional jobs such as doctors or barristers, than their white counterparts. Studies show that teenagers from all ethnic minorities are more likely to stay on in education after the age of 16. They comprise more than one in 10 university students - nearly double the proportion in the general population. Courses geared towards the professions such as medicine, engineering, law and business studies, are, the most popular. The review also shows that these communities stick to 'family values'. Fiftyeight percent over 16 were married. The highest proportions favouring traditional relationships were in the Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi groups around 70 percent of the total) while Caribbeans totalled 38 percent. Eleven percent of the economically active population were self-employed. This proportion was highest (24 percent) among the Chinese and the lowest (5 percent) in the Caribbean community. -LPS. 0 Torn between East and West, US seeks a strategy by Alan Elsmer orn between Europe and Asia, be- -Asia certainly did not come at 1 tween trade policy and classic real pense of its traditional cultural ti politic, the United States is still try decades of friendship with Euro ing to construct a coherent strategy in All this is happening under a UE the post-Cold War world, dent who is less interested, I The visit of Japanese Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa to Washington last month presents an opportunity to examine these issues anew. But analysts and officials are divided on how the various strands of policy might fit together. Last November at a summit for AsianPacific nations in Seattle, president Bill Clinton seemed to suggest that the United States would increasingly look to Asia and to encouraging trade as its top priorities in foreign affairs. Secretary of state Warren Christopher ruffled feathers by declaring that Europe was no longer the centre of the world. ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 President Bill Clinton That forced Clinton to soothe feelings during a January NATO summit by stating that Washington's new attention to the exes and pe. S presiess ex- perienced and less engaged in foreign affairs than some of his predecessors. There is a feeling in Washington that the priority is neither Asia nor Europe but Iowa, Texas and California and that all politics have become local. A decision to let Irish Republican leader Gerry Adams visit the United States was taken largely because Clinton needs the support of prominent Irish-American politicians to push through health care reforms. Intervention to stop the war in Yugoslavia was rejected because it would threaten the survival of the fragile liber*Continued to Page 30

Torn between East and West, US seeks a strategy *Continued from Page 29 casualities for the world's only super- According to Boston University Profespower in the post Cold War world. sor Uri Ra'anan, the priority should still al coalition represented by this presiden- be the future of Eastern Europe and. cv one state denartment official said So what are US priorities and what former Soviet republics. last year. US troops started leaving Somalia after 18 soldiers were killed in a firefight considered an unacceptable level of should they be? During the Cold War US foreign policy consisted of opposing the Soviet Union anywhere and everywhere in the world. Everything else was secondary. olice sconded out the networks of the Riviera mafia recently for clues to the murder of Yann Piat, a rightwing member of the French parliament who was shot dead in what is assumed to have been a "contract" ordered by the underworld. As a campaigner against the crime and political corruption along the Mediterranean coast, Piat, 44, had long expexted to fall victim to an assassin, friends said. During last year's elections a grenade was thrown at the offices of the former member of the far-right National Front party in Hyeres, the town she represented. Among many threats t she had recently received, one said: "We'll have your hide and your daughter's." The political world deplored the killing, the first of a sitting deputy in France Yann Plat since 1976, but which had similarities with half a dozen "hits" against local derworld'in the south of France", Jeanmayors. Few have been solved by Marie Le Pen, the National Front leader police. Francois Leotard, the Defence who was Piat's mentor before their reMinister, who represents the nearby cent enstrangement, said the murder coastal town of Frejus, said the killing showed that French political life was rot"confirms the active presence of an un- ten to the core. El "You do not require a foreign policy to do trade. Foreign policy has always been and remains security policy. It has to do with arms agreements, the creation of alliances and the prevention of weapon proliferation," he said. In Ra'anan's view, the number one task facing Clinton is to rebuild NATO into an effective instrument that will be able to react to crises that are sure to lie ahead in Europe. But his view does not seem to be shared in the administration. "In the past, the security threat gave us good reason to overlook discrepencies in economic relations," said a senior state departmental official. "Now, it is harder to make that case, we acknowledge our strong bilateral ties and security alliance with Japan but we have to work on the ecomonic leg of the stool. It is no longer either one or the other but both," the official said. The official view also differs depending on where it is being expressed. In California, where Christopher makes his home and where a large population of Asian Americans live, it is natural to look across the Pacific towards Asia. In Washington, the old Eurocentric view still holds sway. Still, without the glue of the Cold War, old relationships are being eroded, especially as the generation that fought in World War II passes from the scene and friends of Bill Clinton crowd takes over. The special relationship with Britain looks tattered after the visit by Sein Fein leader Gerry Adams and Washington remains at odds with both Britain and France over Yugoslavia. Commerce often leads the way, the classic case being Vietnam, where pressure from business was largely instrumental in forcing an end to the trade embargo. Trade wields a big stick on China too, many officials believe Clinton will back down on his threat to end Beijing's most favourable nation trading status unless there is a substanti, improvement in its human rights. ZIANA ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 The Editor and Staff of The People's Voice with their beloved clients, readers and the people of Zimbabwe the most pleasant Easter Holiday

S Zimbabweans still cling to tradition 0 Opposition parties visiting n'angas" Professor Gordon Chavhunduka ducated or not, rich or poor, ZimEbabweans are defying western cul, tural values taught in nearly a century of colonialism and continue to believe in traditional healers and spirit mediums. Some openly and unashamely embrace traditional practises while others, however, lack the courage of their convictions and secretly consult traditional healers and spirit mediums. At independence in 1980, Zimbabwe inherited a colonial history dating back to 1890, dominated by white minority settler governments, backed by Christian missionaries, whb despised indigenous African customs, traditions and medicines, dismissing them as primitive, pagan and diabolic. But when faced with complex illnesses and problems, black Zimbabweans, from politicians, lawyers and teachers to medical doctors, police officers and general labourers, seek healing and solace from those sources they believe possess supernatural powers. A Harare magistrate who made his own daughter pregnant had to consult a traditional healer (n'anga in Shona) to have both of them cleansed ,as a safeguard to possible sickness or misfortune. Chief Chipunza of Nyazura in the eastern Manicaland province and some of his subordinates had to invite a n'anga to cleanse the home of one villager that had been invaded by some mysterious and invisible goblings (Zvidhoma in Shona) that were attacking his family at night. Little dogs 'Zvidhoma' variously described as 'Little dogs' among the indigenous Shona people, have been blamed for attacking people, particularly at night, causing the victims to contract some unexplained illnesses leading to death it not treated by expert traditional healers. A man from Glen View high density suburb in Harare had to consult a traditional healer when his mouth mysteriously twisted to the left of his face permanently after he had visited his Chiweshe communal home in Mashonaland Central province. Such bizzare happenings have been blamed on witchcraft which is endemic among the black communities in Zimbabwe. A housewife from Mutorshanga in Mashonaland West province who fell sick and became bedridden was given little or no chance of survival by modern medical doctors but can now walk and do all the household chores, and she thanked a woman traditional healer from the Lochinvar suburb of Harare. Internationally acclaimed Zimbabwean author and winner of the prestigious Noma book ward, Chenjerai Hove, says he strongly believes in traditional medicine. He says that when he was seriously ill in 1987 and was not getting joy from medical treatment, his father referred him to a traditional healer in Sanyati communal lands in Mashonaland West province. "Traditional medicine works. I was treated by this herbalist and I was healed. Yet, I had suffered for a long time and modern medicines had not helped me", says Hove, author of the Noma-award winning book, BONES. Traditional medicines The traditional system has persisted because modern medical science has failed to give better or even Author Chenjerai Hove good results in many situations," says Professor Gordon Chavhunduka. He says research done.by traditional healers over a long time had led to the discovery of those traditional medicines in common use today. "These medicines have been tested over a long period of time and are effective ii curing many illnesses." The government's chief cultural expert, Stephen Chifunyise, believes the only difference between traditional and modern medicine is in technology. "We must understand that medicines are basically the same. The difference is in the level of technology but it does not make our herbal medicines irrelevant today," says Chifunyise who is the Deputy Secretary in charge of culture in the Ministry of Education and Culture. Chifunyise says the central answer lies in understanding the spirituality of the indigenous people of Zimbabwe. "Some people call our spirituality superstition because they do not understand us, that is the dead are part of the living, they are part and parcel of the present. People do not understand our spirituality and what is not understood is dimissed as non- existent", he said in an interview. * Continued to Page 32 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 "Some people call our spirituality supersitition because they do not understand us, that :,, that dead are part of the living, and they are part and parcel of the present. People do not understand our spirituality and what is not understood is dismissed as non-existent." m Zimbabweans still cling to tradition * Opposition parties visiting n'angas "in Western culture we have horoscopes, they are a spirituality of people who believe their lives are controlled by the stars and the moon. That is superstition, commercial superstition believed by many young' and old people. Complex tools "But ours is different because we believe that our ancestors do determine our fortunes and misfortunes. We have our complex tools that handle our health and psychological problems and our n'angas, faith healers and spirit mediums are our psycho-analysts." Chifunyise says many black Zimbabweans follow a mixture of traditional and Western beliefs. Dr. Chavhunduka believes that most black Zimbabweans do consult or have consulted traditional healers at some time in their lives. As for black Zimbabweans who despise traditional practices, the ZINATHA president said, "I am a sociologist and in sociology we know that what people say out there is not what they do when faced with problems. "I have met ministers of religion at night visiting n'angas yet they were expressing in church very different views. minent cabinet reshuffle. Traditional healers "Politicians are psychologically and physically like everyone else aspiring to better themselves," says Chifunyise. "People will believe you can, enhance your capacity to achieve your ambition, if somebody has a propensity for success in the political field then they will .believe that they should consult a n'anga or spirit medium and our n'angas must always provide, they must never disappoint a person who consults". According to Dr. Chavunduka, some pollcians .consulted n'angas because it gave one the confidence they did not have be- *Continued from Page 31 Why the publicity? Because many peo- fore which might influence one to win pie are not honest with themselves, an election. "I think there are a number of reasons, firstly, there'is the sociWl status to consider. If I am seen at a n'anga what will others think about me. People have to tell lies in order to protect their status in the eyes of other members of society. They lack the courage of their own convictions". Among those said to clandestinely consult traditional healers and spirit mediums are politicians, especially ahead of general elections or rumours of an im- A veteran politician who has been actively involved in Zimbabwe nationalist politics from the days of the African National Congress youth league in the 1950s, strongly believes that spirit mediums do guide and determine the lives of the black indigenous majority of this country. A stalwart in one of Zimbabwe's main opposition parties, the politician, who insisted on not being named, said he and his colleagues were already consult"ing what he termed "MASVKIRO ENYIKA" or national spirit mediums, because they were the ones that were supposed to guide the well-being and good fortunes of the black people of this country. "We have consulted one svikiro in Chiweshe called Nehanda, also Nehoreka in Mashonaland East, Nyamuswa in Mashonaland West, Chidziva in Dande and Gwangwadza in Chiweshe" said the politician. Genuine healers "The intention is that, come general elections in 1995, these mediums must look into the matter of the suffering of the people and must bring about a government that can remove that suffering and help the people towards prosperity and peace. The people must be made to make the best choice at these elections". 0Continued to Page 33 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 "I have met ministers of religion at night visiting n'angas yet they were expressing in church very different views" - Dr. Chavhunduka. There are no birds of our feather. Because-we offer the truly definitive example of the printer's art. The total job: typesetting, origination, printing and binding - utilising the latest technology and completed tc the highest international standards. Our very competitive prices will also give you some. thing to crow about. JONGWE PRINTING & PI.RUSHING CO (PM7 LIMITED 4 Autm Road. Workm Hm,. Telephon 64149. f842S A 6941

Zimbabweans still cling to tradition * Opposition parties visiting n'angas high levels of desparation in our people well processed medicines and traditional *Continued from Page 32 and that has been consistent with our medicines but who can pay for these Dr. Chavhunduka believes that not ev- traditional medicines. There will be modern medicines nowadays anyway? ery traditional healer or spirit medium many more conmen invading our priva- So people go to the traditional healers is genuine and he admits there are fakes cy by offering cheaper medicines". and they are helped," says Reverend amongst them. But inspite of western education and Kuchera (46) a pastor in the United "There are charlatants but you get them Christianity which have entrenched Church of Christ for the past 22 years. in every system. Even in modern medicine, probably we have fewer in tradi- "In western culture, we have horoscopes, they are a spirituality of peotional medicine than modern medicine, pie who believe their lives are controlled by the stars and the moon. That firstly because to practise it needs wit- is commercial superstition believed by many.. . people." nesses, that is people who saw you themselves in Zimbabwe, traditional "We as Christians do not denounce or grow tip, who saw you being trained, it practises appear to be successfully co- look with contempt at our traditional is more difficult to cheat in our system existing with morden medicine and life. We say tradition was a step towards than in modern medicine", says Christianity. what we are now. Christianity is a Chavunduka . ,-,,-ti f r traditin Chifunyise agrees. "There are conmen in every civilisation and we should be aware of them. The level of desparationof the people, ESAP (Economic Structural Adjustment Programme) has brought about very Nothing sinister Reverend Murombedzi Kuchera, secretary-general of the Zimbabwe Council of Churches (ZCC) says there is nothing bad about traditional healers. "I do not see anything sinister in them, we understand the difference between "We must incorporate the best of the two and mould a religion for Zimbabweans. We should not let the two clash". Wise words indeed which adherents of traditional practises and those who have faith in modern science would do well to heed. - ZIANA. 11 Hospital offers home visits By Hao Xiuzhu Most Chinese hospitals are beset with a chronic shortage of beds, making it all but impossible for patients suffering from chronic or geriatric diseases to enter for extended medical treatment. Outpatient medical services provided by the Medical Service Centre of the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital have been a most welcome programme. hile it is only natural for people to seek medical attention at a hospital, it is sometimes very difficult for the elderly, weak or those stricken with acute diseases to do so without assistance. The Medical Service Centre at the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, which was founded last year, has relieved the anxiety of many peopIe by providing outpatient medical services. The centre has won high public praise since initiating its outpatient programme for home visits. Meeting public need The Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, a comprehensive medium-sized medical establishment, is located in the Chaoyang District in the eastern suburbs of Beijing. The district, which has a population of some two million, is not only Beijing's lar- Outpatient medical services and home visits by medical practictioners are the only solution to solving overcrowding in hospitals gest in terms of population, but also ranks as one of the most densely inhabited communities in China and the world. The 620-bed Chaoyang Hospital shoulders a heavy medical responsibility for the community, and each day provides over 3 000 patients for both their normal and emergency treatment. Tian Shuqin, a member of staff, proudly noted that the hospital has a solid technical base. The hospital has attempt- ed to better serve patients by importing a number of state-of-the-art medical instruments, including angiocardiograph equipment. The hospital has also extended great effort to solve more practical problems. At present, most Chinesehospitals are beset with a chronic shortage of beds, making it all but impossible for patients suffering from chronic or geriatric dis*Continued to Page 34 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 Feature Im Hospital offers home visits * Continued from Page 33 eases to enter for extended medical treatment. Moreover, many elderly patients find it quite difficult to adjust to living in a hospital environment, and most are unable to afford the high cost of long-term care, while others have difficulty getting about. Such individuals have long held high hope for the availability of outpatient treatment provided in the home. The Chaoyang Hospital conducted an extensive feasibility study of the needs of the community and decided to open its Medical Service Centre. tients. Doctors earn between 20-30 yuan per visit, with pay varying according to professional status. Most families in Beijing consider such charges as moderate, considering the dedication shown and quality service provided by the doctors. In most cases, the initial visit, which is quite often conducted by a less'experienced doctor, will be followed up with a visit by a senior doctor. No cases of improper medical treatment involving outpatients have been recorded in the centre's one year of operation. Considerate services Because of the country's large popula- Outpatient treatment at homes allows for deeper understanding and higher level of trust between patients and doctors The service centre provides wide-ranging tion, China's hospitals are always crowdservices, including home visits by doc- ed with patients, and on most momings tors, outpatient medical treatment, in- doctors working in large hospitals in jections, acupuncture, massage, psycho- Beijing consult with as many as 40 to logical consulting and attending, medi- 50 patients. Therefore, even the concal dressings, electrocardiograms and scientious doctors can only allot about other minor tests. In addition, it com- 10 minutes per patient. Most often, the pletes all registration procedures and doctor knows very little about his paprovides medical recommendations. The tient except initial information obtained centre tries its best to satisfy all the during this period. Contrastingly, doctors needs of its patients. conducting home visits often spend at Over the past year, the centre has con- least an hour with a patient. ducted more than 10000 home visits, Apart from providing necessary medical or on average some 30 visits per day, treatment, doctors consult with patients and has provided over 1 000 outpa- concerning more detailed medical caretients with beds. Doctors normally pay Doctors also conduct necessary psychohome visits during their off- duty hours. logical counselling for seriously ill and Volunteer doctors and nurses first chronic patients, a service which would register in the centre which makes most often be out of the question in specific arrangements according to their hospitals. Doctors and nurses participatspecialties to provide immediate and ap- ing in outpatient care gain a greater unpropriate response to the call of pa- derstanding of the family and back- ground of the patients, and are thus able to provide a more accurate diagnosis and show great consideration for patients. Outpatient treatment allows for deeper understanding and level of trust between patients and doctors. Home visit This reporter recently accompanied Zuo' Daxun, a doctor from the service centre, on one particular home visit. Doctor Zuo said that both the father and son had suffered from acute dysentery for one week, but had basically recovered. This was to be his last check. Upon arriving at the residence, we were warmly greeted by the wife who provided a briefing on the condition of the father and son during the previous week. She said her son woke up one morning at three o'clock and was violently ill, with the father awakening at five complaining of the same symptoms. Her son's condition began to worsen, and the two men could hardly stand. Unable to get the two to the hospital, she called the Cl4aoyang Hospital for help. The doctor arrived in a short time and provided the necessary medical attention. She added that Doctor Zuo and Doctor Ren were very responsive and considerate. They attempted to visit the patients each day. Her husband and son soon recovered. "I am grateful to the doctors for their home visit, because I had no idea what to do for my family," she said. This was only one of many similar moving stories concerning the medical service centre at the Chaoyang Hospital. Doctor Qu Sujuan had visited an elderly woman for one year, and since the woman's children lived outside Beijing, the kindhearted doctor assumed responsibility for her daily needs. Earlier this year, the woman passed away, and her son and daughter were unable to return for the funeral. Doctor Qu volunteered to handle the arrangements. The woman's children were greatly moved by the kindness shown by the caring doctor. On one particular day, E ctor Chen Xiangdong was at home on holiday when he heard that a patient was suffering from a high fever. He immediately went to the patient's home, conducted an examination and went to the hospital to get test results and medicines. Upon learning of the family's moderate income, Chen refused to accept more than one service fee. *Continued to Page 35 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

Hospital offers home visits *Continued from Page 34 One elderly woman, who was suffering from an incurable disease, very much missed her son who was in Australia. She held great hopes on seeing her son before she passed away. Doctor Zuo managed.to prolong her life, enabling her to 'see her son who rushed back from Australia. Apart from providing medical treatment, some nurses also help elderly patients by doing household chores and shopping. They often read books and newspapers to patients who grow restless from inactivity. The patients and their families treat the doctors and nurses as if they were beloved family members. The community medical service centre offers 24-hour service, with doctors immediately responding to emergency calls. On one occasion, a Japanese guest staying in a hotel suddenly became ill at midnight. The centre immediately dispatched an experienced doctor to the hotel, and the illness was quickly brought under control. Most of those registered for regular doctors' visits are in their 70s or 80s. A. young man who came to register his father spoke of the value of the service. He said that in the past it was quite difficult for him to see a doctor. Each visit required hiring a taxi to make the round trip, and registering and picking up test results at the hospital required going to numerous offices. The visits were not only costly, but also resulted in the loss of a day's work. Even more importantly, such visits were an even greater strain on the patient's health. China has become a country of senior citizens, and the government is paying greater attention to medical care for the elderly. The activities of the medical service centre have copverged with the present situation facing Chinese society and have solved a major problem facing the elderly. The Chinese government has set a goal of providing complete medical care for all Chinese citizens by the year 2000, and the community medical service centre is an active attempt to achieve the target. The Chaoyang Hospital is preparing to open an outpatient medical department to find new ways to provide comprehensive home medical service in accordance with actual conditions in China. El Subscription Form For ZIMBABWE NEWS Please send: .-12 issues (1 Year) Z$15 1s6issue s (six months) Z$7.50 LA subscription form for other countries than Zimbabwe to the undermentioned person: Name: (Please Print) Address:...... A .. r.... I ...... I...... I...... S ig n a tu r e : ...... The Rates Include Postage and Handling. I enclose my cheque postal order for the amount indicated above. Mail to: The Sales Officer/Zimbabwe News 7ongwe Printing & Publishing Co. 14 Austin Road Workington, Harare, Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

- Pois]e m Ill!usiun Bishop Muzorewa gave orders to bomb feedom fighters in neighbouring countries Peter, Godwin and Ian Hancock, Rhodesians Never Die'. The'iampact of War and Political change on White Rhodesia, c. 1970 - 1980, OWford University Press, 1993, pp. 400, 43 pounds, This book review first appeared in the December, 1993 Newsletter of the Britain-Zimbabwe society. It has been reproduced here for the benefit of those of our readers who have been writing to us about the death of Reverend Arthur Kanodereka. A white Rhodesian who fought in the 'bush walt' and an Australian research historian records in this bock the history of a crucial decade in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. It is a valuable record of the events of an exciting piece of history. Its limitations, however, are that it is written entirely from the white point of view and the authors seem quite unaware of black perceptions. The index contains the names of over 300 whites but of only nine blacks. Its merit is that it is not written in support of the whites but is effectively critical of their misconceptions. With humour the book documents their illusions - that they were winning the war when they were in fact losing it; that 'good old Smithy' would see them through; that Mugabe, that 'Marxist', could be stopped from taking power even after lie had Won the elections; that they had had 'fourteen great years' since U.DI. of which they could he proud; and that they were fighting a war 'in defence of Christian civilisation', despite atrocities. In general, then, it is a fair assessment. But there are some serious inaccuracies caused by over-dipendence on white sources, especially from the Central Intelligence Organisation and its Director, Ken Flower. Thus they quote Flower's book, Serving Secretly, with its egregious fiction that the Reverend Arthur Kanodereka, a Methodist church leader, knowingly distributed poisoned shirts to the 'boys in the bush' and so 'consigned them to a slow agonising death'. Apart from Flower's book, the only source cited for this is an interview with 'a CIO source - who prefers to remain anonymous'. Since the CIO were, by Flower's own account, directly responsible both for the poisoned shirt scheme and for Kanodereka's murder, it is not surprising that they should have been consulted and not, those who knew Kanodereka well, like Byron Hove or his colleagues in the church. Rhodesians Never Die is a book worth reading but critically. HUGH ELLIOTT SEPTEMBER 1993 Personal note by Hugh Elliot For those who were in Rhodesia at the time, it is of interest to record that the Reverend Arthur Kanodereka was appointed in Bishop Muzorewa's government as chairman of the UANC Contact Committee with the guerillas' He frequently risked his life in night visits to the bush to help them. He was a man of exceptional courage and disciplined faith who decided in November 1978, with the country devastated by the war and with the Rhodesian Air Force bombing Lusaka and Mozambique, that 'my people have suffered enough'. He travelled with Bryon Hove to Lusaka and Mozambique to visit ZAPU and ZANU leaders, at considerable risk, with proposals for all-Party talks to end the war. In December he returned, exhausted, to Harare, inspite of Hove's warning that it was dangerous to do so. He was murdered on 11 December on Flower's instructions. Personal Note by Terence Ranger I never knew Arthur Kanodereka. But during this summer, I travelled to Mount Darwin with ex-govemor Joseph Kaparadza, still an M.P. and memer of the ZANU PF Central Committee. During the guerilla war he acted as a link between guerrilla groups and religious leaders in Mount Darwin. He knew Kanodereka well in 1978 and poured scorn on the idea of his being responsible for the distribution of poisoned clothes. In his view, Kanodereka was becoming dangerously popular with 'the masses' because of his many contacts with the guerrillas and his assistance to them. 'No-one here believes that story', he told me. But of course poisoned clothing could have been infiltrated into the supply chain. This seems to be one of the many 'legends' of the war that need to be resolved. l 'A demonstrator carries a picket against Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith who used religious people to distribute poisoned clothes to freedom fighters and consigned them to a slow aganising death ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

The, powe ot spies to assassinate the president by Malachia M, Basvi Madimutsa n the United States, international spies emplo ed by the government are so powerful that they can assas. sinate the nation's president and can go free for as long as they want, writes Malachia M. Basvi Madimutsa. This is the kind of power that president Franklin Rooseveldt called the "power of the industrial-military complex." it is a kind of power which can make or unmake an elected president both at home and abroad. It is an undemocratic power; it is the power of dictatorship by armed assassins. This is the power that lurks in the shadows of US ilternational influence. The whole world is constantly being fooled into believing the US has democratic traditions worth copying. Copying of US styles of politics and social organisation is like copying a lifestyle of hypocrisy, lies and assassinations. The US is the only country in which there is the largest number of assassinated public figures These assassinations are carried out so professionally that the general public is always at a loss to point a finger at the shadowy assassins. Assassinations In other countries, assassinations are carried out as crimes of vengeful murders of one's enemies but in the United States, where crimes of violence are committed one in every four minutes, assassinations occur under political mo- tives. President Abraham Lincoln, President Jack Kennedy, presidential candidate Robert Kennedy, Martin LutherKing' Inr, Malcolm X and many other public figures were all assassinated by persons who had political motives, Assassinations for political reasons can only occur in a country in which politics is controlled and manipulated by vested interest groups accustomed to dictating both internal and foreign policies to the rest of the nation's population. In the United States, the CIA and FBI wield more power than'that of elect. ed representatives of the electorate including the nation's president. When the CIA wants the US government to pursue one or the other foreign policy line, it only needs to supply the State Department with false information about the intentions of the targetted foreign coun. try. The State Department and the White House will not hesitate to take punitive action against the targeted foreign country. This has been done against Cuba. Republic of China, North Korea, Angola, Libya, Iraq, Panama, Nicaragua and other Third World countries. Documents widely published in the international press have revealed that the CIA has, over a period of 30 years, been making abortive attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro Ruz, the president of Cuba. Some of those attempts include poisoning his favourite Havana cigars, putting Cuban president Cde. Fidel Castro and his translator on a visit to Zimbabwe The late Dr. Martin Luther King Junior poison into his food and bribing Castro's bodyguards to assassinate him. The former United States chief delegate to the UN General Assembly. the late Adlai Stevenson, was quoted as having told the Cuban UN representative, Carlos Lechuga: "The Cuba issiue is in the hands of the CIA and not an affair of the State Department or White House." When foreign policy such as the relation of the US and Cuba is put under CIA spies, as in this case quoted above, there is no one to be held accountable when something goes wrong. This was the case which led to the assassination of president John Kennedy. Documents recently released by the Cuban government uncovered the mystery surrounding the assassination of president John Kennedy in 1963. The documents say president Kennedy had been making contacts with the government of Cuba with a view to normalising relations but the CIA was irreconciliably opposed. "The CubanAmericans who worked with the CIA", say the documents, "did not hide the fact that they felt betrayed by Kennedy and publicly broke with him when Washington announced in April 1963 that it would not approve plans for a new invasion of Cuba being hatched in New Orleans. The conclusion of the spe cidi Congressional Report in 1979 men* Continued on Page 38 ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994

The power of spies to assassinate the President Iraqi president Saddam Hussein *Continued from Page 37 tioned this attitude as a motivation for these Cuban-Americans to participate in the plot to kill Kennedy." Fidel Castro himself knows that the CIA has been restlessly trying to assassinate him for the last 30 years. "It's not my fault that I haveift died yet", Fidel Castro said recently, "the CIA has failed to kill me." Another US internal intelligence agency, the FBI, has been accused by a prominent American lawyer, Dr. William Pepper, of having been behind the murder of civil rights black leader Martin Luther-King Jnr. Dr. Pepper-told the London Observer newspaper." .. - evidence will surface which will trace the assassination to the late FBI director, J. Edgar Hoover." Interference The impunity with which the FBI commits crimes at home and the CIA abroad reflects the fact that these two intelligence organisations control both the home and foreign policies of the US government. This explains why the US can physically intervene in the affairs of any foreign country in violation of all accepted norms of intemational law. After World War II, the US intervened in Greece to keep the communists out of power. In 1953, they did the same in Korea to carve out their own sphere of influence by dividing a unitary state into two halves. In 1963, they mounted a historically unprecedented campaign of military interference in Vietnam resulting in their resounding defeat in 1972. They have refused to acknowledge the existence of the independent State of Vietnam up to now. They have done the same with Cuba which they failed to invade at Guantanamo Bay, Orierite Province, in 1962. In December, 1989, the US invaded the independent state of Panama and arrested that country's president, General Emmanuel A. Noriega who is now languishing in a US jail. Their invasion of Panama caused the death of more than 4000 innocent Panamanians, More than 20 000 families were rendered homeless in that Pentagon operation which was cynically called "Operation Just Cause". In 1991, they invaded Iraq and continue to make endless attempts aimed at the assassination or overthrow Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi of president Saddam Hussein. They are also seeking the overthrow of President Muamar Ghaddaff of Libya. Their latest ploy is to masquarade under the umbrella of UNO commissioned forces and pursue a policy of military aggression against the civilian population as they have been doing in Somalia, independent of any UN mandate. The peoples of the world are watching helplessly while the United States government, under the control of its intelligence services, is reducing democratic traditions to nought at home and abroad. It is high time this US bullying of the people is put a stop to through popular mass demonstrations in support of independence and justice. El ZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 The People's Voice Bold, Factual and Fearless Subscription rates for 52 Issues, please send: OZimbabwe -Regionat (South Africa and Africa excluding Zimbabwe E-Overseas Europe N am e: ...... e...... e ...... *...... (Print Print) ADDRESS: ...... I...... ,,...... 4 ...... THE RATES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND HANDLING. I ENCLOSE MY CHEQUE/POSTAL ORDER FOR THE AMOUNT INDICATED ABOVE. The Circulation Manager The People's Voice 14 Austin Road Workington Road, HARARE. Zimbabwe US$4i,50 US$50 US$66 Somalia struggles to revive sports after war omalia's National Soccer Stadium is the most intimidating in the world. It is, at present, a fortified camp for a battalion of Pakistahi troops and their ranks. But with the return of relative calm after three years of Inter-clan war which wrecked Somalia, soccer is at the forefront of attempts by Somalis to breath life back into sport, despite appalling communications and a lack of venues. Sports is synonymous with civilisation, not war, said Farah Addo Sindiko, vice president of the Somali Olympic Committee formed six months ago to put sport back into this broken Horn of Africa country. It has had only limited success so far. In a country where peace remains fragile and face-to-face communication is the only way to get a message across, organising anything takes time. Though never a major sporting nation, Somalia produced an outstanding athlete in Abdi Bile, 1 500 metre gold medalist at last year's world championships in Stuttgart. Bile, however, was awarded a sports scholarship and for most of his career has been based in the United States. Those sportsmen who had to stay in their country were less fortunate. Foremost among them are footballers. As in most of Africa, soccer was the most popular sport in Somalia before the war. Until 1990 Somalia boasted a first division of 10 teams and a major regional cup and competed on the African stage in both club and national competitions. The top players who graced the pitch at the national stadium have been swept away and are impossible to track down. But they are being replaced by a new generation of young Somalis seeing their first chance of playing organised soccer. Special matches have been staged on Somali flag day, teacher's day and police day. Mogadishu's Banadir team made a four-day tour in November of Hiran and Middle Shabele regions in central Sqmalia, the first such tour since the civil war. "That is one of our major achieve ments", said Sindiko, whose first allegiZIMBABWE NEWS MARCH, 1994 by Julian Bedford ance is to soccer, the sport he played and now a member of the Confederation of African Football. "About 70 percent of our activities have been in football," he added." Since football is the mother of all sports that is what the people have asked for. They want games organised and we are trying. "There are proposals to start to organisations in both districts and regions where it is viable. In 1994, we hope to be able to stage the regional cup for the first time in four years. "Then we can start again with dub competitions. Clubs rely on financial support and that can only come when there is peace." He said they were planning to form a team to take part in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and African competitions. Though Somalia is a member, of the internationalo Olympic Committee (0C), Sindiko complained that it 'had not received the financial support the organisation gives to the poorer nations. He said he would like to see more help for sports from the multinational United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM), which has volleyball courts in its compounds in Mogadishu. "We'ye had some help from the Americans and Italians but UNOSOM never gave us anything," he said, "The only thing they gave us is security They did not help us financially or materially." If UNOSOM wants to help Somalia, they should investigate sport more deeply. It could bring the youth together. UNOSOM, however, has no intention of backing sporting activities although spokesman George' Bennett said individual members of the 26-nation UN coalition were free to help. Sindiko does, however, praise UNOSOM for something tangible, the Pakistani presence backed by tanks in the national stadium. "At least they are keeping it safe from destruction, and wben they go it will be safe for us to play there once again." El Bernard Tapie probed in third case rench soccer boss and politician'Bernard Tapie has been placed under investigation over payments by his Marseille club to a Swiss firm suspected of serving as a front for under-the-table bonuses, judicial sources have said. Tapie, already the target of two other probes, was placed under investigation by investigating magistrate Pierre Philippon-on March 10 but the fact was only disclosed after he won a landslide victory in local elections on Sunday, 27 March. Philippon is conducting an investigation into suspected financial improperties by nine clubs and the accounts of Tapie's European champion team are among those under scrutiny, the sources said, The sources said Philippon suspected that Marseille had also made fictitious loans to players. Tapie is already under investigation for bribery and d ,,rferring with witnesses in a case involving an alleged attempt by Marseille to pay opponents Valenciennes to lose a key league match last year. He has also been placed under investigation for fraud in yet another case dealing with-his private business affairs. Tapie, who is a parliament -member for the small left-wing Radicals Party, said after their victory in Cantonal elections -that he would run for mayor of Marseille next year. - ZIANA-REUTER. 0

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