ARCHITECTURAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, DESIGN AND TENDER DOCUMENTATION FOR AGHAWAT IN MOSUL, IRAQ

Contract N°: 4500430119

REPUBLIC OF IRAQ

AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL

PHASE 0 - DETAILED DESIGN SCOPE OF WORK AND STRUCTURAL TECHNICAL REPORT

May 2021

SCALE - AGHAWAT MOSQUE PAPER SIZE A4

EMERGENCY MEASURES AND SOUTH WALL CONSOLIDATION FILE Structural Technical Report - Phase 0 TAB Revision Date Description Edited Verified Approved T4-TD-PH.0-TECH.REP Final 28 05 2021 DETAILED DESIGN EC CM DF PB AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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INDEX

1 SCOPE OF WORK ...... 2 1.1 DESIGN STAGES ...... 2 1.2 SCOPE OF THE STEP 0 ...... 2 2 EMERGENCY MEASURES ...... 3 3 INTERNAL SCAFFOLDING ...... 4 4 SHAFI ...... 5 5 SOUTH WALLS ...... 7 AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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1 SCOPE OF WORK

1.1 DESIGN STAGES The whole restoration project, due to several reasons of the client, has been subdivided into different steps of works, each with a precise goal. A total of five steps will be carried out and are: . Step 0 – Emergency measures and south wall consolidation; . Step 1 – Main restoration; . Step 2 – Securing the access route and the restoration of Riwaq ; . Step 3 – Complete restoration of the mosque; . Step 4 – Intervention on the .

The present report illustrates the interventions of step 0 (Fig. 1-1) that aims at implementing the construction site and at securing, by the installation of the internal scaffolding at the main Mihrab dome and at the same time at preparing the accessibility to the masonry structure for the future works. In the same step some emergency measures on the east side of the mosque, where vaults are collapsed, will be performed before the future execution of restorations works in step 3. Finally, in this preliminary step the consolidation of the Shafi Mihrab’s wall and the closing of niches on shops will be performed.

Fig. 1-1 Plan view of step 0 and the first step

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STEP 0 The first step of the overall intervention of restoration aims at securing the most dangerous parts of the Mosque which are located: in the east side, resulting from the collapse of some vaults, and in the main Mihrab hall since the formation of a bulge and the presence of holes. Moreover, starting from the first insights of the Finite Element Model, the most serious weakness on the south wall under the domes will be consolidated to the original geometry with an improvement of the structural condition of entire hall. AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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2 EMERGENCY MEASURES

The emergency measures proposed are temporary measures that will remain in place until the step III where the entire eastern part of the mosque will be consolidated. The first intervention (Fig. 2-1 left) aims at limiting the degradation of the internal filling of vaults from the washing that might create significant problems in the case of gypsum, which is prone to this issue with water. Furthermore, the possible loose of material may create some danger to the operator on the construction site. Although in the structural assessment report was not highlighted any structural issue, in the last survey at the end of April, the conservation architects figured out a possible overturning of the transversal wall of the Riwaq due to the missing of thrust from the collapsed vaults. This observation justifies the second emergency measure (Fig. 2-1 right) that through a shoring system counteracts the acting force.

Fig. 2-1 Hole filling (sx) and timber shoring in room 4 (sx)) AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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3 INTERNAL SCAFFOLDING

The interventions designed to restore the main dome of the Main Mihrab prayer hall, require some operations of masonry consolidation with the ‘scuci-cuci’ technique that consists in the dismantling of some degraded or damaged portions. This leads to the need of ensuring the overall stability of the vault during the constructions site before the overall completion of consolidations. The scaffolding has hence two functions, to stabilise and to provide access to workers. The orange portion (Fig. 3-1 left) on the roof plan (Fig. 3-1 right) will be supplied in step 1 in order to reach also all external domes’ surfaces, which require restoration and consolidation. The blue portion (Fig. 3 1 down) shall be supplied in this step 0.

Fig. 3-1 Internal scaffolding of the main dome (in blue) and external scaffolding for the restoration of step 1 (orange and left) AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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4 SHAFI MIHRAB

As described in the structural assessment, the south wall of the Shafi Mihrab room shows some mechanism activation and out of plumb (Fig. 4-1). Furthermore, the geometrical survey also highlighted a limited thickness of the wall. All these considerations lead, from the structural point of view, to the substitution of the poor masonry with a more stable and thick wall. In order to guarantee overall stability, the operations should be carried out in phases. The first step (Fig. 4-2) consists to shoring and protecting the Mihrab by a propping system to avoid any further rotation. Shoring must be carried out with care to protect the alabaster parts of the mihrab in order to prevent damage.

Fig. 4-1 View of the south wall from the Shafi Mihrab and major deformations (red dashed line)

Fig. 4-2 Securement of the Shafi Mihrab AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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Fig. 4-3 South phase description of the consolidation of the Shafi Mihrab

Another preliminary operation concerns the consolidation by ‘scuci-cuci’ and/or injection in the upper part of the vault, above the planned reconstruction, in order to avoid any masonry crumbling during the dismantling. The dismantle follows limited portions of 80 cm width (Fig. 4-4) where the existing masonry is dismounted and a new brick wall portion is reconstructed. The wall is also equipped with stainless steel rebars embedded in mortar joints and anchored to the transversal walls. In order to make the construction phases easier, the insertion on joints will be performed once all the new portions are reconstructed.

Fig. 4-4 Example of the first portions of the reconstructed wall AGHAWAT MOSQUE IN MOSUL – FINAL DESIGN – PHASE 0

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5 SOUTH WALLS

The last intervention of the step 0 is the reconstruction of the south wall inside the shops under the projection of the drum of the dome, under the surrounding walls. The main issue is to guarantee an effective connection with the existing wall. With this goal, the new niches will be closed with a brick masonry with scarf blocks to ensure a shear connection. To ensure a greater connection also the repointing with stainless steel rebars embedded in the mortar joints is required. As reported in the frontal view (Fig. 5-2) scarfs and repointing bars are located each four layers (about 30 cm).

Fig. 5-1 Final design of the south wall intervention (plan)

Fig. 5-2 Final design of the south wall intervention (frontal view)