593 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME VARIETIES TO THE INFESTATION BY THE COWPEA POD BORER, ZINCKENELLA TREIT. IN RELATION TO SOME CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THESE VARIETIES Ali, A. M. Dept. of plant protection, Fac. of Agric., Minia univ., Minia Egypt. ABSTRACT Eleven cowpea varieties were evaluated to clear the reflex of their characteristics to the infestation caused by the cowpea pod borer Etiella zinckenella Treit in northern upper Egypt at Minia region during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The obtained results indicated that the tested cowpea varieties T82D-889 and IT845-2246-4 equipped lower infestation by this pest than the other tested varieties in the two successive years (2018 & 2019). Similar results were obtained by calculating the weight loss cowpea seeds. The lowest one appeared on T82D-889 variety by 1.52 & 13.6% and IT845-2246-4 variety by 5.03 & 17.4% in the two successive years (2018 & 2019), respectively., as compared with the other tested varieties. Also, the results cleared that the correlation coefficient was positively significant between (protein% & starch %) and percent weight loss, while it was negatively significant between {sugar% & Tannin (mg/100 g)} and percent of weight loss caused by this pest.

INTRODUCTION Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) is one of the most important legume crops in Egypt as well as other tropic and sub-tropic countries (Damarany, 1994 and Ofuya, 1993). The common cowpea is grown in Egypt both as vegetable and plus crops is favorable to the Egyptian consumers especially in form of dry seeds. Its dry- seeds have high percentage of protein (20 to 30%), That characterized as a complete protein compared with those of other vegetables. Also, they are rich in the essential amino acid Lysine Steele, (1976), Hafiz and Damarany (2006). In Egypt cowpea crop is attacked by many destructive pests that cause a great damage to the crop. The cowpea pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treit is one of the most serious pests that causes a severe economic decrease both in the quantity and quality of the yield (Sharma et al., 1970 and Singh and Dhooria, 1971). Therefore, the present investigation was initiated with the aim to measure the infestation, the yield loss and the relation between Chemical components of cowpea seeds and the susceptibility of different eleven cowpea varieties in Minia region to this pest. MATERIAL AND METHODS Field experiments were conducted throughout two successive cowpea growing seasons (2018 and 2019) at the farm of Agric. faculty, Minia Univ, Egypt to evaluate the susceptibility of eleven cowpea varieties against the infestation of E. zenckenella. 10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020 594 An area of about 1/4 feddan was divided into plots 3 x 3.5 meters (1/400 feddan) for each the experimented cowpea varieties were cultivated in a completely randomized block design and each variety replicated 4 times. To determine the infestation percentage and yield loss caused by E. zenckenella, weekly samples were taken by picking up 25 green pods in addition to 25 dry pods from each plot often cowpea pod siting till collecting the yield. The mean numbers of the larval escaping holes on the green and dry cowpea pods is considered as an indicator of the infestation percentage caused by E. zenckenella (Amro, 2004 and Abdalla et al., 1994). The collected pods were dissected to calculate the damaged and undamaged green and dry seeds (Compton et al., 1998 and Taghizadeh et al., 2012). The yield loss caused by this pod borer was calculated after harvest by using 100 gm. of dry cowpea seeds (replicated four times). For determining the chemical components of different cowpea varieties, additional 25 gm. dry cowpea seeds (replicated four times) were used the correlation value (R) between the percent weight loss and each chemical component was calculated the percentage of each analyzed components was determined (Amro et al., 2007, Ajeigbe et al., 2008 and Adegunwa et al., 2012) RESULT AND DISCUSSION Results presented in Table (1) summarizes the mean number of larvae and holes caused by E. zenckenella, however the data concerning the mean numbers of larvae in the dissected pods and the tiny holes (refer to the escape larvae before sampling) revealed highly significant differences between the tested varieties. The cowpea varieties IT82D-889 and IT845-2246-4 harbored mean numbers of larvae (5.25 & 6.0 and 7.0 &7.5) and holes (13.3 & 8.0 and 7.75 &10.5) lower than the other tested cowpea varieties by mean numbers ranged from (13.75 to 23.0 and 7.5 to 14.0 for larvae and (19.0 to 51.0 and 11.5 to 18.3) for holes during the two successive years (2018 & 2019), respectively., (Sh et al., 2015). Concerning the infestation percentages of cowpea varieties, The obtained results showed that the cowpea varieties T82D-889 and IT845-2246-4, equipped lower infestation by 10 & 12% and 6 & 9% in the two successive years, respectively, than the other tested varieties. These newly experimented varieties may be used as promising varieties because their low infestation (Metwallyet al.,1991 and Amro et al., 2007). Also the results presented in Table (2). Indicated that the correlation was highly negatively significant among the mean of percent infestation and 100-seeds weight of the tested cowpea varieties during the two successive seasons. These results are in agreement with those reported by (Kalaiyarasi and Palanisamy (2000), Sh et al., (2015).

10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020 595 Table (1): Mean numer of larvae and holes caused by Etiella zinckenella of cowpea varieties during the seasons (2018 - 2019). Varieties Mean numer of larvae Mean of number of holes Season Season (2018) (2019) Season (2018) Season (2019) IT82D-889 5.25 7 13.3 7.75 IT845-2246-4 6 7.5 8 10.5 Azmerly 23 14 39.5 16.5 Kaha 1 18 10.25 34 13.5 Cream7 21.75 7.5 51 11.5 Kafr Elshek 19.75 13 34.3 18.3 IT82C-16 16.25 8.75 26.3 11.8 Dokk-331 14.75 8.25 19 12.5 IT97K-499-8 14.75 8.25 22.5 13.5 IT93K20 20.25 7.75 38.5 12.5 Tvu-21 13.75 10.25 21.3 14.3 F test 2.16** 3.12** 1.82** 2.65**

Table (2): Correlation coefficient between Mean of percent infestation and hundred seeds weight (g) of different cowpea varieties during the seasons (2018 - 2019). Varieties Season (2018) Season (2019) hundred Mean of hundred Mean of seeds weight percent seeds weight percent (g) infestation (g) infestation IT82D-889 22.61 10 20.98 6 IT845-2246-4 19.43 12 23.53 9 Azmerly 18.24 92 16.75 56 Kaha 1 12.47 72 15.88 41 Cream7 13.82 87 14.82 30 Kafr Elshek 11.36 79 12.16 52 IT82C-16 13.25 65 14.88 35 Dokk-331 11.56 59 19.78 37 IT97K-499-8 17.33 59 18.73 33 IT93K20 13.55 81 15.89 31 Tvu-21 14.15 55 12.26 41 R value -0.35 -0.27

Data presented in Table (3) exhibit the percentages of the weigh loss after harvest, however the cowpea varieties T82D-889 and IT845-2246-4 equipped low weight loss by 1.52, 5.03% and 13.6 , 17.4% in the two successive years (2018&

10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020 596 2019) as compared by all the tested cowpea varieties. In this approach similar results have been reported by Amro et al., (2007) by using different cowpea varieties. On the other hand, the analysis of the available cowpea components {Protein, Starch, Sugar% and Tannin (mg/100 g)} was represented in table (3). Results showed that the correlation coefficient was positively significant between (protein% & starch %), and the weight loss percentage, while it was negatively significant between {sugar% & Tannin (mg/100 g)} and the percent of weight loss caused by this pest (Table 3). In general, the obtained results may be consider the newly produced cowpea varieties (T82D-889 and IT845-2246-4) can be as a promising as resistant varieties to this pest in the future.

Table (3): Relationship between certain cowpea components and the percent weight loss caused by E. znckenella during the seasons (2018 - 2019). Varieties Season (2018) Season (2019) Season (2018) Season (2019) Season Season Season (2018) Season (2019) (2018) (2019) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Tannin Mean Tannin Mean of of of of of of (mg/100 of (mg/100 of percent percent percent percent percent percent g) percent g) percent Protein weight Protein weight Starchweight Starchweight Sugar weight Sugar weight weight weight (%) loss (%) loss (%) loss (%) loss (%) loss (%) loss loss loss IT82D- 21.31 21.36 52.25 52.36 11.57 11.41 1.58 1.82 889 1.52 13.6 1.52 13.6 1.52 13.6 1.52 13.6 IT845- 21.27 21.29 53.27 53.25 12.25 12.46 1.85 1.89 2246-4 5.03 17.4 5.03 17.4 5.03 17.4 5.03 17.4 Azmerly 23.54 10.3 23.61 68.2 55.46 10.3 55.72 68.2 8.75 10.3 8.47 68.2 0.77 10.3 0.75 68.2 Kaha 1 23.15 12.6 23.05 33.2 55.56 12.6 55.36 33.2 8.63 12.6 8.51 33.2 0.66 12.6 0.58 33.2 Cream7 22.37 7.38 22.52 57.9 67.81 7.38 67.76 57.9 10.97 7.38 10.85 57.9 0.18 7.38 0.29 57.9 Kafr 22.48 22.41 69.83 69.51 10.51 10.42 0.31 0.37 Elshek 12.5 37.7 12.5 37.7 12.5 37.7 12.5 37.7 IT82C- 21.74 21.83 73.04 73.14 10.61 10.37 0.23 0.18 16 16 45.8 16 45.8 16 45.8 16 45.8 Dokk- 26.07 26.09 58.51 58.17 9.97 9.53 0.15 0.26 331 13.7 62 13.7 62 13.7 62 13.7 62 IT97K- 26.75 26.61 56.84 56.61 10.24 10.04 0.53 0.32 499-8 10.4 50.1 10.4 50.1 10.4 50.1 10.4 50.1 IT93K20 23.42 14.2 23.58 58.6 60.56 14.2 60.86 58.6 10.20 14.2 10.33 58.6 0.65 14.2 0.57 58.6 Tvu-21 25.37 10.7 25.76 13.6 66.48 10.7 66.98 13.6 8.61 10.7 8.76 13.6 1.15 10.7 1.22 13.6

R value 0.80 0. 67 0.72 0.57 -0.67 -0.78 -0.75 -0.81

10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020 597 REFERENCES Abdalla, S.A., Barakat, A.A., Samour., E.A., Badawy, H.M.A. and Soliman,M.M. (1994): Field evaluation of certain insecticides against cowpea borer Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke). Economic Entomology and pesticides dept., Faculty of agriculture, Cairo univ. Egypt. Sep. 191-197-29.1994. Adegunwa, M.O., Bakare, H.A., Alamu, E.O. and Abiodun, O.K.(2012): Processing Effects on Chemical, Functional and Pasting Properties of Cowpea Flour from Different Varieties. NIFOJ. 30(1), 67 – 73, 2012. Ajeigbe1, H. A., Ihedioha, D. and Chikoye1, D.(2008): Variation in physico- chemical properties of seed of selected improved varieties of Cowpea as it relates to industrial utilization of the crop. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (20), pp. 3642-3647, 20 October, 2008. Amro, M.A. (2004): The influence of plant characteristics on the field infestation and resistance status of certain cowpea cultivars to the pod borer Etiella zinckenella Treitschke and the southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius). The Sec. Int. Conf. for Develop. and Env. in the Arab world, Assiut Univ. March 23-25: 375-384. Amro, M.A., Omar, S.M., Abdel- Moniem, S.A. and Yamani, K.M.M. (2007): determination of resistance of experimental soybeans to the Lima bean pod borer Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius at Dakhla Oases, New Valley, Egypt. Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. 10 (2): 57-66, October 2007. Compton, J. A. F.; Floy, S., Ofosu, A. and Agho, B. (1998): The modified count and weight method: an improved procedure for assessing weight loss in stored maize gobs. J. Stored Prod. Res. 34: 272–285. Damarany, A.M. (1994): Testing and screening of some cowpea (vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) genotypes under Assiut condition. Assiut Jour. of Agric. Sci. 25(4) 9-19. Hafiz, N.A. and Damarany, A.M. (2006): Variation in the susceptibility of some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes to infestation with certain pests in Upper Egypt. Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. 9 (1) 3-06. Kalaiyarasi, R. and Palanisamy, G.A. (2000): Correlation and path analysis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Madras Agric. J. 86 (4/6): 216- 220. (C.F, Plant Breed. Abst., 2001, 71, 5078). Metwally, S.A.G., Megali, M.K. and Faris, F.S. (1991): Evaluation of some cowpea cultivars to infestation of some pests. Fourth Arab Congress of Plant Protection, Cairo, Dec. 1-5.1991. Ofuya, T.I. (1993): Evaluation of selected cowpea varieties for resistance to Aphis craccivora Koch at seedling and podding phase. Ann. Appl. Biol., 123 (1): 19-23. Mohamed, M.sh.; Abd El-Hady, M. A. H. and El- Hadary, W. A.(2015): Integrated control of Etiella zinckenlla infected Cowpea in Upper Egypt

10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020 598 and its effect on productivity. J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., Vol.6 (7): 1077 - 1087, 2015. Sharma, S.K.; Batra, R.K.;Mathur, W.K. and Verma, J.P. (1970): Pest of pea in Rajasthan.Mandras Agric. J., 57 (1) : 46-48. Singh, H. and Dhooria, U.S. (1971): Bionomic of the pea pod borer Etiella zinckenella. Indian J. Entomol. 33 (2) : 123 – 130. Steele, W.M. (1976): In “Evaluation of crop plant” (N. W. Simmonds, ed.) pp.339- 343. Longman, London. Taghizadeh1., R. Talebi1.,A. A., Fathipour1., Y. and Khalghani, J. (2012): Effect of ten soybean cultivars on development and reproduction of lima bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (: ) under laboratory conditions. Appl. Ent. Phytopath.Vol. 79 (2): 15-28. March 2012.

ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻠﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺤﺸﺮة دودة ﻗﺮون اﻟﻠﻮﺑﯿﺎ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ وﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت – ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺎ – ﻣﺼﺮ

أﺟﺮﯾﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺰراﻋﺔ إﺣﺪي ﻋﺸﺮ ﺻﻨﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰرﻋﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺎ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮﻣﺪي ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ ھﺬه اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺪودة ﻗﺮون اﻟﻠﻮﺑﯿﺎ وﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ﺑﻤﺪي ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﺤﺸﺮة ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ (٢٠١٨ ، ٢٠١٩). وﻗﺪ أظﮭﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن أﻗﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺮون اﻟﻠﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻸﺻﻨﺎف T82D-889 و IT845-2246-ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻷﺧﺮي ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ أظﮭﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﯾﺮﻗﺎت ھﺬه اﻵﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺬور اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء واﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ. وﺳﺠﻠﺖ أﻗﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺼﻨﻒ T82D-889 ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ %13.6 & 1.52 واﻟﺼﻨﻒ IT845-2246-4 ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ %17.4 & 5.03 ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻲ ٢٠١٨ و ٢٠١٩ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. وأوﺿﺤﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وﺟﻮد إرﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ %ﻟﻠﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ أو %ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎ و%ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻹرﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ %ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺮﯾﺎت أواﻟﺘﺎﻧﯿﻦ (ﻣﺠﻢ/١٠٠ﺟﻢ ﺑﺬرة) و%ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﺤﺸﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮة.

10th International Conference for Sustainable Agricultural Development 2-4 March 2020 Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev.,Vol. 34 No. 1(B) March,2020