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Les Mares Temporaires Méditerranéennes

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Les Mares Temporaires Méditerranéennes Les mares temporaires méditerranéennes Volume 1 – Enjeux de conservation, fonctionne- ment et gestion Grillas P., P. Gauthier, N. Yavercovski & C. Perennou 1 Production : Station biologique de la Tour du Valat Maquette : Tapages Publics Illustrations : Sonia Viterbi Couverture : photos Jean Roché (en haut) et Dominique Rombaut (à droite) © 2004 Station biologique de la Tour du Valat Le Sambuc - 13200 Arles - France Droits de traduction et reproduction autorisés (textes et illustrations) pour tous les pays avec mention des auteurs et de la Station biologique de la Tour du Valat. Droits de reproduction des photos réservés pour tous pays. Une copie ou une reproduction des photos, même partielle, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constitue une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues par la loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la protection des droits d’auteurs. Loi 49.956 du 16.07.1949 ISBN : 2-9103-6849-1 Le projet LIFE Réalisations “Mares Temporaires” Les actions du projet étaient organisées selon six grands axes. Amélioration des connaissances et élaboration de plans de gestion Des inventaires de la faune, de la flore et des activités humaines ont eu lieu sur la plupart des sites, ainsi que des études plus Le projet LIFE “Mares Temporaires” a été réalisé au cours de la approfondies sur des espèces ou des thématiques localement période 1999-2004. Il avait pour objectifs de parvenir à une bonne importantes : perception des mares par les riverains et les acteurs gestion de sept sites situés en France méditerranéenne, et de déve- locaux, inventaire détaillé des micro-mares cupulaires, suivi d’es- lopper des outils et méthodes de gestion de ces milieux fragiles qui pèces menacées, etc. Les résultats de ces études ont servi de base soient transférables à l’échelle du Bassin méditerranéen. aux mesures proposées dans les plans de gestion, élaborés pour trois des sites. Le projet a été organisé en sept volets sites (cf. carte) et deux Enfin, un premier inventaire des mares temporaires en France volets thématiques transversaux (“Sensibilisation” et “Gestion méditerranéenne a été réalisé, permettant d’identifier plus de intégrée”). La Tour du Valat assurait la réalisation de ce dernier 100 sites hébergeant près de 1 000 mares. ainsi que la coordination générale du projet. Les autres volets avaient été délégués à six opérateurs locaux. Maîtrise foncière et d’usage Le montant du projet était d’environ un million d’euros, dont 50 % Le contrôle de l’usage du sol par des organisations de protection financés par l’Union Européenne et le reste par une douzaine de des milieux naturels est un préalable à toute autre action de ges- partenaires. tion des mares temporaires. Au total, plus de 83 hectares ont pu être acquis dans le cadre du projet. De plus, des conventions de Partenaires gestion ont pu être passées avec les propriétaires (privés ou Commission Européenne, Ministère de l’Ecologie et du Déve- communes) sur deux sites au moins, accroissant notablement la loppement Durable (MEDD) et ses Directions régionales de l'en- surface dont l’usage est maîtrisé à moyen terme. vironnement (PACA, Languedoc-Roussillon et Corse), Région Languedoc-Roussillon (Agence Méditerranéenne de l’Environ- Travaux de gestion nement), Région Corse (Office de l’Environnement de Corse), Des travaux de gestion expérimentale ont eu lieu sur la plupart Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Agence Régionale pour des sites : débroussaillage, curage, surcreusement d’une mare, l’Environnement : ARPE), Agence de L’Eau Rhône-Méditerranée- arrachage d’espèces exotiques envahissantes, restauration d’une Corse, Conservatoire de l’Espace Littoral et des Rivages Lacustres, mare comblée etc. La plupart de ces travaux ont été accompa- Conservatoire Botanique National de Porquerolles, Conservatoire gnés par un suivi précis de leur impact, afin d’en tirer des leçons des Espaces Naturels Languedoc-Roussillon, Conservatoire Etude transposables. des Ecosystèmes de Provence Alpes du Sud (CEEP), Association de Défense de la Nature des Pays d’Agde (ADENA), Association de Sensibilisation Gestion de la Réserve Naturelle de Roque-Haute, Ecosphère, Une animation locale permanente a été effectuée sur les diffé- Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (Université rents sites : information régulière des riverains, des élus et de d'Aix-Marseille III), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), tous les utilisateurs. De nombreuses opérations de sensibilisation, Départements du Gard et de l’Hérault, Office National des Forêts de communication et d’éducation à l’environnement ont eu lieu : (Agences du Gard et du Var). “Green Days” européens, animations scolaires, plaquettes, pan- neaux d’information, pages web, posters, module pédagogique, Carte de localisation du projet LIFE “Mares Temporaires” articles de presse, émission télévisée, cassette vidéo, etc. Des manifestations locales ont été organisées pour inciter les popu- lations à protéger les mares temporaires. A l’échelle mondiale, une résolution appelant à la conservation des mares temporaires a été élaborée par le projet, et adoptée à la huitième Conférence Ramsar en Novembre 2002. Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Gestion intégrée Ce volet a fourni le cadre de réflexion préalable à tous les tra- vaux de gestion entrepris. Il a également permis des échanges permanents entre les gestionnaires de sites et les scientifiques Languedoc- impliqués dans le projet : visites d’échanges inter-sites, ateliers Roussillon thématiques, animation du réseau, etc. Enfin, ce guide de gestion des mares temporaires a été produit. Une conférence internatio- Corse Mer Méditerranée nale finale a aussi été organisée, rassemblant près de 100 parti- cipants méditerranéens et européens. Coordination Une coordination permanente entre toutes ces différentes acti- vités et partenaires a été organisée tout au long du projet. Un Corse Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur comité de pilotage a été constitué et animé, des contacts réguliers C1 : Padulu P1 : Besse et Flassans ont été entretenus avec la Commission Européenne et l’ensemble P2 : Colle du Rouet Languedoc-Roussillon P3 : Plaine des Maures des partenaires du projet. L1 : Etang de Valliguères L2 : Notre-Dame de l’Agenouillade L3 : Roque-Haute Les opérateurs et partenaires du projet LIFE-Nature “Conservation des Mares Temporaires Méditerranennes” n° 99/72049 Les opérateurs Commune de Flassans-sur-Issole Hôtel de ville, avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-83340 Flassans-sur-Issole ADENA : Association de Défense de la Nature des Pays d’Agde Tél : +33 (0)4 94 37 00 50, fax : +33 (0)4 94 69 78 99 Domaine du grand Clavelet, F-34300 Agde, France Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 01 60 23, fax : +33 (0)4 67 01 60 29 Commune du Muy [email protected] Hôtel de Ville, 4, rue Hôtel de Ville, F-83490 Le Muy Tél. : +33 (0)4 94 19 84 24, fax : +33 (0)4 94 19 84 39 AGRN.RH : Association de Gestion de la Réserve Naturelle de Roque-Haute 1, rue de la Tour, F-34420 Portiragnes, France Commune de Portiragnes Tél. / fax : +33 (0)4 67 90 81 16 Hôtel de Ville, avenue Jean Moulin, F-34420 Portiragnes [email protected] Tél. : + 33 (0)4 67 90 94 44, fax : +33(0)4 67 90 87 00 CEEP : Conservatoire Etudes des Ecosystèmes de Provence Alpes du Sud Commune de Vias 890, chemin de Bouenhoure Haut, F-13090 Aix-en-Provence Hôtel de Ville, 6, place des Arènes, F-34450 Vias Tél. : +33 (0)4 90 47 02 01, fax : +33 (0)4 90 47 05 28 Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 21 66 65, fax : +33 (0)4 67 21 52 21 [email protected] Commune de Valliguières 2. CEEP Var Mairie de Valliguières, F-30210 Valliguières 1, place de la Convention, F-83340 Le Luc Tél. : +33 (0)4 66 37 18 64, fax : +33 (0)4 66 37 36 45 Tél : +33 (0)4 94 50 38 39, fax : 04 94 73 36 86 Conseil Général du Gard CEN-LR : Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels du Languedoc-Roussillon Hôtel du Département, rue Guillemette, F-30044 Nîmes cedex 9 20, rue de la République, Espace République, F-34000 Montpellier Tél. : +33 (0)4 66 76 76 76 Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 22 68 28, fax : +33 (0)4 67 22 68 27 [email protected] Conseil Général de l’Hérault Hôtel du Département, 1 000, rue d’Alco, F-34087 Montpellier cedex 4 OEC : Office de l'Environnement de la Corse Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 67 67 67, fax : + 33 (0)4 67 67 76 41 Avenue Jean Nicoli, F-20250 Corte Tél. : +33 (0)4 95 45 04 00, fax : +33 (0)4 95 45 04 01 Conseil Régional du Languedoc-Roussillon Hôtel de Région, 201, avenue de la Pompignane, F-34064 Montpellier TDV : Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat cedex 2 Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 22 80 00, fax : +33 (0)4 67 22 81 92 Tél. : +33 (0)4 90 97 20 13, fax : +33 (0)4 90 97 20 19 [email protected], site internet : www.tourdu valat.org Conseil Régional de Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur Hôtel de Région, 27, place Jules Guesde, F-13481 Marseille cedex 20 Tél. : +33 (0)4 42 90 90 90, site internet : www.cr-paca.fr Les partenaires DIREN LR : Direction Régionale de l’Environnement du Languedoc- AME : Agence Méditerranéenne de l’Environnement Roussillon Espace littoral de l’Hôtel de Région, 417, rue Samuel Morse, 58, avenue Marie de Montpellier, CS 79034, F-34965 Montpellier cedex 2 F-34000 Montpellier Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 15 41 41, fax : +33 (0)4 67 15 41 15 Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 22 94 05, fax : +33 (0)4 67 22 94 05 pré[email protected] [email protected] DIREN PACA : Direction Régionale de l’Environnement de PACA ARPE : Agence Régionale Pour l'Environnement PACA Le Tholonet, Parc de la Duranne, avenue Léon Foucault, immeuble Le Levant BP 120, F-13603 Aix-en-Provence cedex 1 BP 432000, F-13591 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 03 Tél.
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