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Continuous Issue-43 | June– July 2020 A Socio-Economic Transformation of Rural Milk Producers of Members with Special References to ()

Abstract:

In , the livestock business provides regular and supplementary income to milk producers engaged in secondary and tertiary forms. Livestock is important source of several value-added by- products, which are not properly, processed and utilized as a commercial activity, but have immense future business potential. Milk producers have played a more important role in the sector of India than the animal husbandry business. The co-operative dairy sector has provided sustainable livelihood to millions of villagers living in rural India. The business of animal husbandry still plays an important role in the socio-economic transformation of the rural people in India. There is a rich source of high quality food like milk and various milk products. After analyzing the collected data, it can be concluded that the main characteristics of dairy farmers were young farmer, male dairy farmers and educational background of post graduation from SSC. This remarkable feature of milk producers is an excellent opportunity to provide effective animal husbandry and dairy farming training and extension programs. The main weakness in this research was that the animal husbandry business given in collaboration with Amul or Amul was about loans. In which milk producers are experiencing financial shortage for the animal husbandry business and its modernization. In addition, the old system of animal husbandry, pure milk production and lack of awareness towards scientific animal husbandry methods, low milk production, etc. has also been observed.

Keywords: Dairy Co-operative, Milk Producers, Socio-economic.

1. INTRODUCTION

India’s milk supply comes from millions of small producers, dispersed throughout the rural areas. These farmers maintain an average herd of one or two milch animals, comprising cows and/or buffaloes. Ample labour and a small land base encourage farmers to practice dairying as an occupation subsidiary to agriculture. While income from crop production is seasonal, dairying provides a stable, year-round income, which is an important economic incentive for the Millions of small and marginal farmers as well as landless laborers; milk and milk product’s production provide ready cash in hand for fulfilling their daily household requirements. India’s dairy co-operative sector is performing a vital role. The economic survey 2015-16 presented that the India rank 1st in milk production, accounting for 18.5% of world production, achieving and annual output of 155.5 million tons during 2015-16 as compare to 146.3 million tons during 2014-15 recording growth of 6.28 %. Whereas the Food and Agricultural Organization has reported a 3.1 % increase in world milk production from 765 million tons in 2013 to 789 million tons in 2014. The World Health Organization index is 283 gm. The World Nutritional Advisory Committee index indicates the average per day requirement of each man is 220 gm. milk. The per capita availability of milk in India has increased from 175 grams per day in 1990-91 to 337 grams per day by 2015-16. It is more than the world average of 294 grams per day during 2013.

In Gujarat’s dairy co-operative progress is an achievement success story by itself. Gujarat co- operative dairy sector in the first co-operative dairy in Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Ltd. began with just two village dairy co operative societies and 247 liters of milk and is today better known as AMUL Dairy. AMUL well organized structure is playing an important role in dairy co-operative societies. The village level primary co-operative milk societies are linked to 1 | P a g e

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markets through district level district co-operative Union. This model of co-operative was later expanded to Kheda district to from Anand Milk Union Limited, widely known as AMUL, and under the 1965 National Dairy Development Board, to other districts of Gujarat in the 1970s and 170 districts of India in 1980s.

The present study was conducted to A Socio-Economic Transformation of Rural Milk Producers of Amul Members with Special References to Anand District, Gujarat state. The study covered all talukas of the district and information was collected by using questionnaire. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE There are many studies on dairying, dairy co-operatives, socio-economic conditions of the members of dairy cooperatives and performance of the District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union. 2.1. V.M.Rao (1982) in his study has examined the prospects of increasing income and employment on small and marginal farmers through Milk Cooperative Society. He summarized that the percentage contribution made to total farm income and employment by livestock production was higher on marginal and small farmes as compared to large farms. 2.2. A.K. Sharma and Kuber Ram (1991) in their study concluded that the percentage of borrowing institution of credit from different sources constituted only 18 per cent of the total households of weaker sections and if more credit facilities along with the suitable dairy extension and assured marketing programmers are available to this section of rural community, they can improve their economy and generate higher quantum of marketed surplus of milk required by dairy industry. 2.3. M. K. Bandyapadhyay (1996) in his doctoral thesis found that the financial position of AMUL is much better than Milk Dairy of Himachal. 2.4. R.O. Olekar and Dr. A.S. Shiralashetti (2007) in their study concluded that the progress and development of Cooperatives have not been up to expectation. The Co-operatives in India have been facing many challenges during WTO regime. Therefore, everyone should fight against the WTO challenges by reforming laws and policies towards co-operative development in the interest of the economic development of India in general, and members of the cooperatives in particular. 2.5. S. B. Kolte (2010) attempted to study about Hirkani Mahila Sahakari Dudh Utpadak Society Ltd., and found that at present there are 152 members in the Hirkani Mahila Sahakari Dudh Utpadak Society Ltd. It is run only by women’s organizations and all the posts of office bearers are held by women members. Further he added that the Hirkani Mahila Sahakari Dudh Utpadak Society Ltd., has many future plans like: (i) Scientific training for cattle 94 farming, (ii) Management of Collection Centers, (iii) Training women to use automated devices for grades, fat, degree and (iv) Computerized billing system etc. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To study the demographic profile of co-operative dairy milk producers. 2. To study the economic and social transformation of rural milk producers membership of Anand Milk Union Limited. (AMUL Dairy) 4. RESEARCH METHODOLGY

 Method of Study: The research presented in of type of Descriptive Research Method.  Location of the study: Anand district.  Data Collection Method: Primary data were collected by conducting trough Questionnaire and personal interview of milk producers engaged in dairy farm activities. For the study randomly selected respondents of the Anand district. Thus total sample size comes to 100.  Research Instrument: With the help of Interview Schedule required data were collected from primary co-operative dairy farmers.  Tools used in analysis: The descriptive and numerical information analysis was done using simple tables, graphs and ratio analysis.  Limitation of Study: 1. This study covers data collation only Anand District’s Milk Producers. 2 | P a g e

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2. The data has been arranged as per their own requirements.

5. DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table: 1 Demographic profile of Respondents n=100

Age of the Respondents Frequency Percentage 22-32 19 19 33-43 31 31 44-54 36 36 Above 55 04 04 100 100 Education level of the Respondents Frequency Percentage Illiterate 08 08 Primary(1-8) 12 12 Secondary(9-10) 30 30 Higher Secondary (11-12) 28 28 Graduation 18 18 Post Graduation 04 04 100 100 Gender Frequency Percentage Male 84 84 Female 15 16 100 100 Family Types Frequency Percentage Nuclear 52 52 Joint 48 48 100 100 Family Size of Respondents Frequency Percentage 1-4 26 26 5-8 60 60 Above 8 14 14 100 100 Marital status Married 79 79 Unmarried 12 12 Widow 08 08 Divorced 01 01 100 100 Source: Field Survey The data in table -1 indicates that highest number of respondents fall under the age group of 44-54 years (36%) followed by 33-43 (32%) and 22-32 (20%). Most of the respondents have completed secondary education i.e. secondary level education (30%) followed by higher secondary (28%), while 8% respondents have not attended school at all. Highest members of respondent’s marital status found to be married (79%) and the family size of 5 to 8 members (60%).Highest numbers of respondent’s found male person (84%) , the female person (16%) and the family types that nuclear family (52%) and joint family (48%) and the family size of 5 to 8 members (60%). 3 | P a g e

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Table: 2 Years of Membership of Dairy Cooperative n=100

Years Frequency Percentage 1-3 14 14 4-6 16 16 7 or more than 70 70 100 100 Source: Field Survey

The data in table -2 indicates that highest number of respondents is associated with Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL) for more than seven years (70%) followed by 4-6 years (16%).

Table: 3 Increase in Income of Membership of Dairy Cooperative n=100

Increase in Income of Frequency Percentage Membership of Dairy Cooperative Yes 82 82 No 07 07 Not Response 11 11 100 100 Source: Field Survey

The data in table -3 indicate that highest number of respondents 82% said that their overall income increased after joining membership Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL). While 11% respondents are of the opinion that there is no increase in their income after joining however 7% respondents have no idea about change in their income after joining Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL).

Table: 4 Increase in Saving of Membership of Dairy Cooperative n=100

Increase in Income of Frequency Percentage Membership of Dairy Cooperative Yes 71 71 No 16 16 Not Response 13 13 100 100 Source: Field Survey

The data in table -4 indicates that highest number of respondents 71% said that their overall saving increased after joining membership Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL). While 16% respondents are of the opinion that there is no increase in their income after joining however 13% respondents have no idea about change in their saving after joining Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL).

Table: 5 Perceptions of Milk Producers towards Economic Status. n=100

Perception of Loan Yes No Loan for a animal husbandry 90 10 Loan help from Amul for animal husbandry 90 10 Amul’s help for a loan from a bank for animal husbandry 40 60 The bank has taken loan with help of Amul 86 14 About timely payment of animal husbandry loan 78 22 Mean Score 76.8 23.2

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Perception of Saving-Investment Yes No About opening savings account in a bank 86 24 About opening saving account in Post-office 16 84 About opening PPF account 10 90 Taking a savings certificate (Fixed Deposit) 52 48 Baying shares of any company 04 96 Taking out a family life insurance policy 46 48 Taking out a family medical policy 56 44 Starting a new business 14 86 35.5 65 Mean Score Perception of Cattle Insurance Yes No Having an insurance policy for your animals 28 72 Getting the insurance benefit from the insurance company 70 30 Taking out animal insurance Amul or primary milk co- operative dairy 90 10 Mean Score 62.67 37.33 Perception of Self Sufficiency Yes No Satisfaction toward needs 86 14 Satisfaction toward borrow money? 88 12 Good education to your children without the help of others 86 14 Having enough money to support your family 84 16 Maintaining a high standard of living 80 20 84.8 15.2 Mean Score Source: Field Survey

The data in table -5 indicates that perception of milk producers towards socio-economic transformation. Opinion of respondents was collected on various indicators of socio-economic transformation. Majority of the responses were in favour of increase of economic status viz. loan, saving and investment of financial resources, cattle insurance, medical policy for milk producers family, personal insurance policy, confidence in self sufficiency etc. members to Anand District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited. Above table indicates that the majority respondents told that they are quickly get loan from bank. Mean value of positive response is 76.8 where as negative response mean score is 23.2 so we can noted that with the help of Amul farmers fulfill their loan requirement easily. The table above indicates that the majority of respondents stated that they make savings but that their savings are invested in savings certificates by opening savings accounts in banks, in share certificates, in post office savings certificates. Analyzing the statistics, it was found that the average value of positive feedback is 35.5 where the average score as negative feedback is 65 so we can note that milk producers are saving money but they do not ready to invest their money.

Above table indicates that the majority respondents told that they are ready to take insurance. Mean value of positive response is 62.67 where as negative response mean score is 37.33. Here milk produces take insurance for protection against cattle, insurance with family and personal insurance.

The table above indicates that the majority of respondents stated that their standard of living has increased since joining Amul. As well as he has been able to achieving self-sufficiency in his life after joining the primary milk producer cooperative dairy affiliated with Amul. The average value of positive feedback is 84.8% where the average score of negative feedback is 15.2 so we can note that Amul meets the basic needs of their milk producers with all the help they need in the animal husbandry business and they live a happy life which is why they join Amul's membership.

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6. CONCLUSION

Anand District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited is playing a vital role in socio- economic transformation of milk producer’s members by creating employment opportunities for rural area, increasing the access to income and access to saving and Investment. This is a sure much towards economic socio-economic development of milk producer’s members. It further helps in social status of milk producers. Dairy co-operatives have greater potential and can play a bigger role in empowering rural people.

References I. V.M. Rao, “Farmers Benefit From a Modern Milk Cooperative Society”, Indian Cooperative Review, July 1982, Vol.XX, No.1, pp.50-59. II. A.K. Sharma and Kuber Ram, “Institutional Credit and its Impact on Dairy Enterprise of Weaker Section Households”, Indian Cooperative Review, July 1991, Vol.XXIX, No.1, pp.23- 30. III. Manob Kanti Bandyapadhyay, “Dairy Co-operative and Rural Development (with special reference to Comparative study between the Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Ltd., and the Himalayan Co-operative milk Producers Union Ltd.,)”, Finance India, June 1996, Vol.X, No.2, pp.406-411. IV. O. Olekar and Dr.A.S. Shiralashetti , “Cooperative Movement in India”, Kisan World, August 2007, Vol.34, No.8, pp.39-42. V. S. B. Kolte, “Women Empowerment – A Study of Hirkani Women’s Multi State Dairy Co- operative”, Journal of Commerce and Management Thought, July 2010, Vol.I, No.3, pp. 285– 295. VI. Annual report (2015) “Dairying in Gujarat a Statistical Profile 2015”. Published by National Dairy Development Board. VII. http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_marketing_quality.htmi.

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Alpeshkumar D. Patel Assistant Professor Economics Shri V. Z. Patel Commerce College Anand

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