The current situation and FMD viruses detection in China

Yin Hong Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS OIE/China national FMD reference laboratory Lanzhou, P.R. China, May, 2018 outline

• General situation of FMD in China

• Detection and analysis of field strains

• Vaccine matching and recommendation I. FMD Situation 2017 Jan-Dec

No. Location Animal Serotype Lineage Date(Y-M-D) 1 C O O/Ind-2001 17.1.11 2 TIBET C O O/Mya-98 17.2.9 3 XINJIANG C O O/Ind-2001 17.2.14 4 P O O/Mya-98 17.3.30 5 XINJIANG C O O/Mya-98 17.4.21 6 XINJIANG C A A/Sea-97 17.5.4 7 XINJIANG C A A/Sea-97 17.5.4 8 GUANGDONG C O O/Mya-98 17.5.23 9 C O O/Mya-98 17.9.28 10 GUANGDONG P O O/Mya-98 17.10.30 11 GUIZHOU C O O/Mya-98 17.12.6 12 GUIZHOU P O O/Mya-98 17.12.12 13 XINJIANG C O O/Mya-98 17.12.12

Note: C: Cattle; P: Pigs FMD Situation (2018, Jan-Jun)

No. Location Animal Serotype Lineage Date(Y-M-D) 1 GUIZHOU C& S A Sea-97 18.1.8 2 GUIZHOU P O CATHAY 18.1.8 3 C O Mya-98 18.1.26 4 S O Mya-98 18.3.5 5 C O PanAsia 18.4.13 6 P O CATHAY 18.4.18 7 XINJIANG C O PanAsia 18.4.18 8 C O Ind-2001 18.5.18 9 C O Ind-2001 18.6.12 10 C O PanAsia 18.6.12 11 HUBEI C O PanAsia 18.6.15 12 GUIZHOU C O Ind-2001 18.6.25 13 GUANGXI P O CATHAY 18.7 14 P O CATHAY 18.7

Note: C: Cattle; P: Pigs; S: Sheep FMD situation in China

20 No. outbreaks 18 17 Asia1 A O

15 13 11 10 7 7 6 5 5 4 5 3 2 2 2 1 0 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 year Distribution of FMD outbreaks in China 2017.1-2018.6

Type O n=24 Type A n=3 Distribution of FMD outbreaks in different host in China since 2010

Type No. of outbreaks Cattle Pig sheep

Type O 66 36 28 2

Type A 28 24 4 0 II. Epidemic FMDVs in China

• Serotype A – A/Sea/97 since 2009, re-introduced in 2013 • Serotype O – O/Mya-98 since 2010 – O/PanAsia since 2011 – O/CATHAY since 2016 – O/Ind-2001 since 2017 • Serotype Asia1 – Asia1/GV – No Asia1 since 2009 1. A/Sea-97 strain in China (2013-2018.6)

2017 2 4

1 1 1 0 4 2 1

1 1 2018 1 2013 2014 2015 2017 9 provinces 28 outbreaks 2018 Type A in China 20 17 15

10 7 5 5 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

➢ Control well ➢ No significant difference in these viruses collected in China from 2013-2017 ➢ Homology of VP1 sequences is about 98% Molecular epidemiology of A-Sea-97 in China

A/QHXN/2013-B 2013-2017 A/XZNDong/2013-B A/XZLSDZ/2013-B A/GDMM/2013-S Cattle and pig A/AH/2015-S A/XJHeT/2013-B 170208YCKOR A/XZQuShui/2014-B A/JSLYG/2015-S G2 A/XZRKZ/2013-B A/XJAKSAWT/2013-B A/XZShNgongga/2014-B A/HuBHP/2015-B A/XZlasa/2014-B 90-92% A/HuBGongAn/2015-S A/HuBJingM/2015 A/XJ6/2017/B-WJQ A/XJ14/2017/B-AKS A/MAY/4/2011WRL A/TAI/8/2010WRL A/TAI/1/2011WRL Sea-97 A/TAI/1/2012WRL A/MAY/1/2012WRL A/TAI/7/2003 A/MAY/4/2003 A/VIT/11/2004 A/Pochun/KOR/2010 A/BJDX/2010/B/1 A/XJFK/09/B A/JSChZh/09B A/GX/LG/09/B 2009-2010 A/HuB/WH/1/2009/B G1 A/GZh/PX/0954/B A/VIT/17/2010WRL Cattle A/VN/20/2009 A/ShH/2009/B A/ShDBZh/1/09/B A/LAO/1/2014WRL A/TAI/1/2014WRL A/VIT/1/2014WRL A/LAO/8/2006 A/TAI/2/97 A/TAI/118/87 historic strains A/TUR/1/2006 A/IRN2005-WRL

2 A/GZ/2018 of China 2. O/Mya-98 Strain

• introduced into China from SEA in 2010 • continuously circulating • Both cattle and pigs could be infected • Multi-directional evolutionary and antigenic variation trend

20 18

15

10 9

5 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Distribution of O/Mya-98 strain in China (2010-2018.6)

PROVINCE No. 9 1 XINJIANG 9 2 GUANGDONG 5 4 1 GANSU 4 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 GUIZHOU 5 3 XIZANG 3 5 QIANHAI 2 SHANXI 1 5 1 HUBEI 1 SICHAN 1 NINGXIA 2 HENAN 1 14 provinces 41 outbreaks Multi-directional evolutionary of O/Mya-98 Strain in China 3. O/Ind-2001 strain

• In China, First case reported caused by this strain in Feb, 2017 • Belonged to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d • High identity with the viruses collected in Bangladesh during 2015-2016, with sequences published on Genbank • Reoccurred in China in May,2018 Situation of O/Ind-2001 strain in China (2010-2018.6)

4 3 O/Ind-2001 2 2

0 2010y 2011y 2012y 2013y 2014y 2015y 2016y 2017y 2018y

1 1 XinJiang,2017

1 Anhui,2018 1 Hubei,2018 1 Guizhou,2018 Genotyping Report of O/Ind-2001, China

Most closely related viruses collected from Russia, Bangladesh, South Korea, Vietnam, Nepal and Thailand during 2015 to 2016 4. Situation of O/CATHAY strain in China (2010-2018.6) 6 4 4

2 1 0 2010y 2011y 2012y 2013y 2014y 2015y 2016y 2017y 2018y

SiChuan,2016 1 1 Guizhou, 2018 Yunnan,2018 1 2 Guangxi,2018 Source of O/CATHAY found in China, 2018 O/GZSD/CHA/2018(Sandu county, Guizhou province)

Most Closely Related Sequences sequence virus name Host % Id. serotype topotype source HKN/24/2010 porcine 92.7 O CATHAY genbank HKN/25/2010 porcine 92.7 O CATHAY genbank VIT/8/2016 porcine 92.6 O CATHAY WRL VIT/26/2017 porcine 92.6 O CATHAY WRL VIT/23/2016 porcine 92.4 O CATHAY WRL VIT/22/2017 porcine 91.8 O CATHAY WRL CanTho/VIT/15- porcine 91.8 O CATHAY WRL 20501 SCGH/CHA/2016 porcine 91.8 O CATHAY LVRI

Need more sequences information 5. Situation of O/PanAsia strain in China (2010-2018.6) 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 0 2010y 2011y 2012y 2013y 2014y 2015y 2016y 2017y 2018y

PROVINCE No. XIZANG 7 1 GUIZHO 2 2 1 NINGXIA 2 1 XINJIANG 1 7 1 GANSU 1 2 SHANXI 1 HUBEI 1 7 provinces 15 outbreaks Relationship of PanAsia strains between 2013 and 2018

O/XZChajia/2011/B/40-3 O/VIT/17/2011WRL O/GZhTZh/2011/B/007-1 PanAsia: 2011-2013 O/XZRKZGangBa/2013/B-97# O/XZDingJie/2013/B-13106# O/NXPY/CHA/2012/B-011 O/XZQSh/2013/B O/XZChDMangKang/2013-B-111# O/XZBM/CHA/2012/B-036 O/VIT/1/2012WRL ~93% in VP1 O/CAM/6/2010WRL ME-SA O/LAO/1/2011WRL O/TAI/7/2011WRL O/TAI/22/2011WRL O/XJHM/2018/B O/XJHM/2018/B-A015 O/XJ/2018/B/A034 PanAsia: 2018 O/HuBLuoT/2018/B O/CAM/4/2006 O/VIT/17/2005 O/China/99 SEA

2 III. Vaccine matching test Type A

Isolates year host result method

A/Sea-97 G2 2014 cattle M VNT

A/Sea-97 G2 2015 pig M VNT

A/Sea-97 G2 2017 cattle M VNT

Vaccine strain : Re-A WH/09

Gene modify vaccine based on reverse genetics system vaccine matching for type O strains collected from China 2017-2018.6

Vaccine strain Field strain no strain Methods used O/MYA98/BY/2010 17004 O/Mya-98 M VNT 17006 O/Ind-2001 M VNT and animal test 17016 O/Mya-98 N （r=0.25） VNT 17056 O/Mya-98 M VNT 18012 O/Mya-98 M VNT 18035 O/PanAsia M VNT 18053 O/Ind-2001 M VNT The current O/Mya-98 vaccine can provide protection for cattle from infection of O/Ind-2001 virus Vaccine strains suitable for use in China

Circulating Internationally available Locally produced vaccines Serotype vaccines

Type O / O/MYA98/BY/2010

Type A / Re-A/WH/09

Type Asia1 / Asia1/JSL/06 New vaccines developed by LVRI in 2017: • Swine FMD (type O) vaccine with detection of 3A3B epitope ,Inactivated • Swine FMD（Type O and A）Bivalent Vaccine , inactivated (Strain Re- O/MYA98/JSCZ/2013+Strain Re- A/WH/09) • Certificated new veterinary medicine, Class I, MoA • play important role on FMD control in the future Acknowledgment

• Vet. Bureau , MoA, China • LVRI – China national FMDRL – FMD Diagnosis Group • SEACFMD • WRL