Muslims. limitations onusesofsocial mediaandtheinternetamongIndonesian This articlestartsitsanalysis withobservationsofunequalaccesstoand Ambivalence Divide, Digital Islam, , Keywords: ambivalences. their and distinctions class offline of reminiscent partly are that ways in articulated being Indonesia in affair amiddle-class largely is platforms media social on presence astrong demands that religiosity mediated that concludes article the them, through apparent become that ambivalences the and examples two the of discussion the From realms. online Islamic in reintroduced and renegotiated are boundaries class how and media new of introduction the of context the in fore the to coming are ambivalences these how class term the of meaning the as well as media new of uses the belonging, social inequality, economic concerning Indonesia in present are that ambivalences the to point examples Both economy. preacher Islamic this of part frequently are that groups Qur’an online reading and groups; study Islamic in organized often are who followers their with relationship affective-cum-economic their and preachers Islamic phenomena: two on concentrates article The sociality. and practice Islamic their to regard with Muslims Indonesian among media social of uses on limitations and to access unequal of consequences the about asks It perspective. areligious from divide digital the of questions examines article The Abstract: AcademyAustrian of Sciences Slama Martin Ambivalences ofMediaandClass Tracing DigitalDividesinIndonesianIslam: how Islam ispracticed andorganized in Indonesiatoday. Despitecontinuing divide andallows forlookingattheconsequences thatthisdivide hasfor yber 1 This phenomenon has generally been identified as the digital the as identified been generally has phenomenon This

C yber O rient, Vol.

15, Iss.

as such. The article considers considers article The such. as 1, 2021

, pp. 290-313

290 Corresponding author: Martin Slama, Institute for Social Anthropology, AAS, Hollandstrasse 11-13, Vienna, Austria. E: [email protected] that Indonesian Muslims occupyin society. media facilitate religiouspracticesandhow thisrelatestothedifferent positions religiously offline. The article thus asks how particular features and uses of social Indonesian Muslimsarefrequently online,whileothersstaypartlyorentirely uses ofsocialmediainIslamic contextsinIndonesialightofthefactthatsome this intersectionproduces. To answerthesequestions,Iwillconsiderthe religious characterize Indonesiansociety, andwhatnewformsofcommunity orexclusion Islamic digitaldivideintersectswiththebroadersocioeconomic divisionsthat the riseofinternetandsocialmedia–raises questionofhowan yes, thismustbesomethingthathasonlyrecentlycome into being–alongwith of IndonesianMuslims.Canwespeakadigitaldivide in IndonesianIslam?If which thedigitalisdividingsocietyandwhateffects thishasonthereligiouslife Considering theseconditions,oneistemptedtoaskabout theconcretewaysin questions ofaccessalone(Servon2002;Ragnedda and Gladkova2020). called thedigitaldividehasmultipledimensionsandis certainly notlimitedto how they have evolved in the last decades in Indonesia since what scholars have social mediathroughalensthatissensitivetosocioeconomicinequalitiesand urges ustoinvestigateIslamicpracticesastheyoccuronorarefacilitatedby Tracing digitaldividesinIndonesian Islam,asthisarticleattemptstodo,thus differences, makingthemalsozonesofsocialdistinctionandhierarchy. them isthereforealsoaquestionofcapitalownershipandthusclass Islamic figures and ordinary Muslims alike (Slama 2017a), being able to use become thepreferredtoolforcommunicatingreligiousmessagesamong credit. Inlightofthe huge popularityofsocial media in Indonesiathathave online fordaysorweeksbecauseonesimplylacksthemoneytobuynew the unfortunatesituationinwhichonecannotandmaynotbeabletogo [my phone credit has run out]” has become a familiar expression. It describes “pulsanyahabis phrase the data, of amount finite a of purchase prepaid a di