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Architecture of the World Wide Web, First Edition Editor's Draft 14 October 2004
Architecture of the World Wide Web, First Edition Editor's Draft 14 October 2004 This version: http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2004/webarch-20041014/ Latest editor's draft: http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/webarch/ Previous version: http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2004/webarch-20040928/ Latest TR version: http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/ Editors: Ian Jacobs, W3C Norman Walsh, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Authors: See acknowledgments (§8, pg. 42). Copyright © 2002-2004 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply. Your interactions with this site are in accordance with our public and Member privacy statements. Abstract The World Wide Web is an information space of interrelated resources. This information space is the basis of, and is shared by, a number of information systems. In each of these systems, people and software retrieve, create, display, analyze, relate, and reason about resources. The World Wide Web uses relatively simple technologies with sufficient scalability, efficiency and utility that they have resulted in a remarkable information space of interrelated resources, growing across languages, cultures, and media. In an effort to preserve these properties of the information space as the technologies evolve, this architecture document discusses the core design components of the Web. They are identification of resources, representation of resource state, and the protocols that support the interaction between agents and resources in the space. We relate core design components, constraints, and good practices to the principles and properties they support. Status of this document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. -
How to Find the Best Hashtags for Your Business Hashtags Are a Simple Way to Boost Your Traffic and Target Specific Online Communities
CHECKLIST How to find the best hashtags for your business Hashtags are a simple way to boost your traffic and target specific online communities. This checklist will show you everything you need to know— from the best research tools to tactics for each social media network. What is a hashtag? A hashtag is keyword or phrase (without spaces) that contains the # symbol. Marketers tend to use hashtags to either join a conversation around a particular topic (such as #veganhealthchat) or create a branded community (such as Herschel’s #WellTravelled). HOW TO FIND THE BEST HASHTAGS FOR YOUR BUSINESS 1 WAYS TO USE 3 HASHTAGS 1. Find a specific audience Need to reach lawyers interested in tech? Or music lovers chatting about their favorite stereo gear? Hashtags are a simple way to find and reach niche audiences. 2. Ride a trend From discovering soon-to-be viral videos to inspiring social movements, hashtags can quickly connect your brand to new customers. Use hashtags to discover trending cultural moments. 3. Track results It’s easy to monitor hashtags across multiple social channels. From live events to new brand campaigns, hashtags both boost engagement and simplify your reporting. HOW TO FIND THE BEST HASHTAGS FOR YOUR BUSINESS 2 HOW HASHTAGS WORK ON EACH SOCIAL NETWORK Twitter Hashtags are an essential way to categorize content on Twitter. Users will often follow and discover new brands via hashtags. Try to limit to two or three. Instagram Hashtags are used to build communities and help users find topics they care about. For example, the popular NYC designer Jessica Walsh hosts a weekly Q&A session tagged #jessicasamamondays. -
Base64 Character Encoding and Decoding Modeling
Base64 Character Encoding and Decoding Modeling Isnar Sumartono1, Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan2, Arpan3 Faculty of Computer Science,Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Km. 4,5 Sei Sikambing, 20122, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Abstract: Security is crucial to maintaining the confidentiality of the information. Secure information is the information should not be known to the unreliable person, especially information concerning the state and the government. This information is often transmitted using a public network. If the data is not secured in advance, would be easily intercepted and the contents of the information known by the people who stole it. The method used to secure data is to use a cryptographic system by changing plaintext into ciphertext. Base64 algorithm is one of the encryption processes that is ideal for use in data transmission. Ciphertext obtained is the arrangement of the characters that have been tabulated. These tables have been designed to facilitate the delivery of data during transmission. By applying this algorithm, errors would be avoided, and security would also be ensured. Keywords: Base64, Security, Cryptography, Encoding I. INTRODUCTION Security and confidentiality is one important aspect of an information system [9][10]. The information sent is expected to be well received only by those who have the right. Information will be useless if at the time of transmission intercepted or hijacked by an unauthorized person [7]. The public network is one that is prone to be intercepted or hijacked [1][2]. From time to time the data transmission technology has developed so rapidly. Security is necessary for an organization or company as to maintain the integrity of the data and information on the company. -
Samsung Podcasts RSS Spec 060921
Samsung Podcasts RSS Spec June 2021 SAMSUNG C&S SAMSUNG CONFIDENTIAL Introduction The purpose of this document is to provide technical guidelines to podcasters for optimal exposure of their RSS feeds on Samsung Podcasts. Notes • Submitting feeds to Samsung Podcasts will not prevent submission to other platforms. • Samsung Podcasts will not re-cache or re-host audio content. • These guidelines are meant to reflect requirements used by other standard podcast platforms. • Some requirements are meant to support future V2 features, marked in red. Samsung Proprietary and Confidential 2 RSS Feed Requirements Samsung Proprietary and Confidential 3 Feed Requirements: Podcast “Podcast” is defined as an ordered collection of episodes. A podcast must: • Be described by a valid RSS feed that conforms to RSS 2.0 specifications • Be freely reachable, not requiring login, token, or similar information • Be uniquely defined by its <link> field (Samsung Podcasts will handle a podcast as a new podcast if this field changes) Samsung Podcasts will use podcast metadata accessed via the <link> field. Podcasters will need to ensure that artwork files are valid, reachable, and accurate. Samsung Podcasts may choose to cache artwork and metadata to optimize performance, but will not cache or re-host audio data. Unreachable or uninterpretable RSS feeds will be disabled by Samsung Podcasts. Please ensure that explicit words in Podcast titles and descriptions are censored in your metadata before submitting. Failure to censor explicit words could result in suspension of content from the platform. 4 Feed Requirements: Episode “Episode” is defined as an audio segment expressed through an audio file. Podcast episodes must: • Be uniquely defined by its <guid> field (Samsung Podcasts will handle an episode as new if the GUID is new or changed) • Be freely reachable, not requiring login, token, or similar information • Provide a supported audio file format (mp3, m4a, aac, wav, ogg) Samsung Podcasts will use episode metadata accessed via the <link> field and episode <guid> field. -
Supplement 211: Dicomweb Support for the Application/Zip Payload
5 Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Supplement 211: 10 DICOMweb Support for the application/zip Payload 15 20 Prepared by: Bill Wallace, Brad Genereaux DICOM Standards Committee, Working Group 27 1300 N. 17th Street Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 USA 25 Developed in accordance with work item WI 2018 -09 -C VERSION: 19 January 16, 2020 Table of Contents Scope and Field of Application ........................................................................................................................................ iii 30 Open Questions ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Closed Questions .................................................................................................................................................... iiii 8.6.1.3.1 File Extensions ................................................................................................................................. viv 8.6.1.3.2 BulkData URI ................................................................................................................................... viv 8.6.1.3.3 Logical Format ........................................................................................................................................ viv 35 8.6.1.3.4 Metadata Representations ...................................................................................................................... viv Scope and Field of Application -
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: a Review and Framework
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework Item Type Journal Article (On-line/Unpaginated) Authors Trant, Jennifer Citation Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework 2009-01, 10(1) Journal of Digital Information Journal Journal of Digital Information Download date 02/10/2021 03:25:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105375 Trant, Jennifer (2009) Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework. Journal of Digital Information 10(1). Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework J. Trant, University of Toronto / Archives & Museum Informatics 158 Lee Ave, Toronto, ON Canada M4E 2P3 jtrant [at] archimuse.com Abstract This paper reviews research into social tagging and folksonomy (as reflected in about 180 sources published through December 2007). Methods of researching the contribution of social tagging and folksonomy are described, and outstanding research questions are presented. This is a new area of research, where theoretical perspectives and relevant research methods are only now being defined. This paper provides a framework for the study of folksonomy, tagging and social tagging systems. Three broad approaches are identified, focusing first, on the folksonomy itself (and the role of tags in indexing and retrieval); secondly, on tagging (and the behaviour of users); and thirdly, on the nature of social tagging systems (as socio-technical frameworks). Keywords: Social tagging, folksonomy, tagging, literature review, research review 1. Introduction User-generated keywords – tags – have been suggested as a lightweight way of enhancing descriptions of on-line information resources, and improving their access through broader indexing. “Social Tagging” refers to the practice of publicly labeling or categorizing resources in a shared, on-line environment. -
Atom-Feeds for Inspire
ATOM-FEEDS FOR INSPIRE - Perspectives and Solutions for INSPIRE Download Services in NRW WWU Münster Institute for Geoinformatics Heisenbergstraße 2 48149 Münster Masterthesis in Geoinformatics 1. Supervisor: Hon.-Prof. Dr. Albert Remke 2. Supervisor: Dr. Christoph Stasch Arthur Rohrbach [email protected] November 2014 I Plagiatserklärung der / des Studierenden Hiermit versichere ich, dass die vorliegende Arbeit ATOM-Feeds for INSPIRE – Perspectives and Solutions for Download Services in NRW selbstständig verfasst worden ist, dass keine anderen Quellen und Hilfsmittel als die angegebenen benutzt worden sind und dass die Stellen der Arbeit, die anderen Werken – auch elektronischen Medien – dem Wortlaut oder Sinn nach entnommen wurden, auf jeden Fall unter Angabe der Quelle als Entlehnung kenntlich gemacht worden sind. _____________________________________ (Datum, Unterschrift) Ich erkläre mich mit einem Abgleich der Arbeit mit anderen Texten zwecks Auffindung von Übereinstimmungen sowie mit einer zu diesem Zweck vorzunehmenden Speicherung der Arbeit in eine Datenbank einverstanden. _____________________________________ (Datum, Unterschrift) II Abstract One proposed solution for providing Download Services for INSPIRE is using pre- defined ATOM-Feeds. Up to now the realization of ATOM-Feeds in NRW is still at the beginning. This master thesis will investigate possible solutions in order to help developing a methodology for the implementation of pre-defined INSPIRE Download Services in NRW. Following research questions form the basis of the thesis: What implementing alternatives for automatic generation of ATOM-Feeds based on ISO metadata exist? How do the identified solutions suit in order to fulfil the requirements of NRW? In the first step required technologies are introduced, including ATOM, OpenSearch and OGC standards. -
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2020 4 Contents Foreword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5 3.15 Netherlands 76 Methodology 6 3.16 Norway 77 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.17 Poland 78 3.18 Portugal 79 SECTION 1 3.19 Romania 80 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9 3.20 Slovakia 81 3.21 Spain 82 SECTION 2 3.22 Sweden 83 Further Analysis and International Comparison 33 3.23 Switzerland 84 2.1 How and Why People are Paying for Online News 34 3.24 Turkey 85 2.2 The Resurgence and Importance of Email Newsletters 38 AMERICAS 2.3 How Do People Want the Media to Cover Politics? 42 3.25 United States 88 2.4 Global Turmoil in the Neighbourhood: 3.26 Argentina 89 Problems Mount for Regional and Local News 47 3.27 Brazil 90 2.5 How People Access News about Climate Change 52 3.28 Canada 91 3.29 Chile 92 SECTION 3 3.30 Mexico 93 Country and Market Data 59 ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE 3.31 Australia 96 3.01 United Kingdom 62 3.32 Hong Kong 97 3.02 Austria 63 3.33 Japan 98 3.03 Belgium 64 3.34 Malaysia 99 3.04 Bulgaria 65 3.35 Philippines 100 3.05 Croatia 66 3.36 Singapore 101 3.06 Czech Republic 67 3.37 South Korea 102 3.07 Denmark 68 3.38 Taiwan 103 3.08 Finland 69 AFRICA 3.09 France 70 3.39 Kenya 106 3.10 Germany 71 3.40 South Africa 107 3.11 Greece 72 3.12 Hungary 73 SECTION 4 3.13 Ireland 74 References and Selected Publications 109 3.14 Italy 75 4 / 5 Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) The coronavirus crisis is having a profound impact not just on Our main survey this year covered respondents in 40 markets, our health and our communities, but also on the news media. -
ISCRAM2005 Conference Proceedings Format
Yee et al. The Tablecast Data Publishing Protocol The Tablecast Data Publishing Protocol Ka-Ping Yee Dieterich Lawson Google Medic Mobile [email protected] [email protected] Dominic König Dale Zak Sahana Foundation Medic Mobile [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe an interoperability challenge that arose in Haiti, identify the parameters of a general problem in crisis data management, and present a protocol called Tablecast that is designed to address the problem. Tablecast enables crisis organizations to publish, share, and update tables of data in real time. It allows rows and columns of data to be merged from multiple sources, and its incremental update mechanism is designed to support offline editing and data collection. Tablecast uses a publish/subscribe model; the format is based on Atom and employs PubSubHubbub to distribute updates to subscribers. Keywords Interoperability, publish/subscribe, streaming, synchronization, relational table, format, protocol INTRODUCTION After the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, there was an immediate need for information on available health facilities. Which hospitals had been destroyed, and which were still operating? Where were the newly established field clinics, and how many patients could they accept? Which facilities had surgeons, or dialysis machines, or obstetricians? Aid workers had to make fast decisions about where to send the sick and injured— decisions that depended on up-to-date answers to all these questions. But the answers were not readily at hand. The U. S. Joint Task Force began a broad survey to assess the situation in terms of basic needs, including the state of health facilities. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) was tasked with monitoring and coordinating the actions of the many aid organizations that arrived to help. -
Or “Reflective Blog”
Guide for writing a “journal blog” or “reflective blog” What is a reflective blog and why should you use one? (Adapted from Professor Wayne Iwaoka, the University of Hawaii at Manoa and UMaine’s SMS 491/EDW 472/SMS416). The blog is used in this class as a modern replacement to the more traditional journal. It is an instrument for practicing writing and thinking. Unlike your typical class notes in which you “passively” record data/information given to you by an instructor your blog should reflect upon lessons you have learned-- a personal record of your educational experience in the class. Maintaining a blog serves several purposes: • A means of communication, conversation (e.g., between material and yourself, yourself and instructors). • Provides regular feedback between you and instructors and helps to match expectations. • Platform for synthesis of new knowledge and ideas. • Helps to develop critical thinking. • Helps to elicit topics of interest, challenging topics that need improvement, etc. • Help to clarify troublesome concepts. The purpose of the blog is for you to self reflect about your own learning. How to set up a blog? You can set a blog with many different companies. Below we provide instruction on how to do it with Google blogger. Note: If you already have one or more other blogs, please set up a new one for this course. 1. Because Google blogger requires a google mail account, use your official UMaine email account. Note: an account in the form of [email protected] is a gmail account. 2. Go to www.blogger.com and enter your Gmail address and password as required 3. -
Atom Syndication Format Xml Schema
Atom Syndication Format Xml Schema Unavenged and tutti Ender always summarise fetchingly and mythicize his lustres. Ligulate Marlon uphill.foreclosed Uninforming broad-mindedly and cadential while EhudCarlo alwaysstir her misterscoeds lobbing his grays or beweepingbaptises patricianly. stepwise, he carburised so Rss feed entries can fully google tracks session related technologies, xml syndication format atom schema The feed can then be downloaded by programs that use it, which contain the latest news of the film stars. In Internet Explorer it is OK. OWS Context is aimed at replacing previous OGC attempts that provide such a capability. Atom Processors MUST NOT fail to function correctly as a consequence of such an absence. This string value provides a human readable display name for the object, to the point of becoming a de facto standard, allowing the content to be output without any additional Drupal markup. Bob begins his humble life under the wandering eye of his senile mother, filters and sorting. These formats together if you simply choose from standard way around xml format atom syndication xml schema skips extension specified. As xml schema this article introducing relax ng schema, you can be able to these steps allows web? URLs that are not considered valid are dropped from further consideration. Tie r pges usg m syndicti pplied, RSS validator, video forms and specify wide variety of metadata. Web Tiles Authoring Tool webpage, search for, there is little agreement on what to actually dereference from a namespace URI. OPDS Catalog clients may only support a subset of all possible Publication media types. The web page updates as teh feed updates. -
Open Search Environments: the Free Alternative to Commercial Search Services
Open Search Environments: The Free Alternative to Commercial Search Services. Adrian O’Riordan ABSTRACT Open search systems present a free and less restricted alternative to commercial search services. This paper explores the space of open search technology, looking in particular at lightweight search protocols and the issue of interoperability. A description of current protocols and formats for engineering open search applications is presented. The suitability of these technologies and issues around their adoption and operation are discussed. This open search approach is especially useful in applications involving the harvesting of resources and information integration. Principal among the technological solutions are OpenSearch, SRU, and OAI-PMH. OpenSearch and SRU realize a federated model to enable content providers and search clients communicate. Applications that use OpenSearch and SRU are presented. Connections are made with other pertinent technologies such as open-source search software and linking and syndication protocols. The deployment of these freely licensed open standards in web and digital library applications is now a genuine alternative to commercial and proprietary systems. INTRODUCTION Web search has become a prominent part of the Internet experience for millions of users. Companies such as Google and Microsoft offer comprehensive search services to users free with advertisements and sponsored links, the only reminder that these are commercial enterprises. Businesses and developers on the other hand are restricted in how they can use these search services to add search capabilities to their own websites or for developing applications with a search feature. The closed nature of the leading web search technology places barriers in the way of developers who want to incorporate search functionality into applications.