MAPPING OF PEKALONGAN DISTRICT BASED ON PRIORITY POVERTY INDICATORS

Laksmi Yustika Devi Regional Economic Development Study Program Vocational College Universitas Gadjah Mada Background

. Pekalongan District is one of 29 districts and 6 cities in Central , Indonesia

. The average poverty reduction rate in Pekalongan District was 6.6%, below the province rate of 7.5%.

. The average percentage of poor people in Province in the last ten years (2008 - 2017) was 15.41%, while in the same period, the average percentage of poor people in Pekalongan District was 15.13% Pekalongan District, Central Java Province, Indonesia Poverty Rate of Pekalongan and Central Java

25 The percentage of poor people in 20 Pekalongan District is higher when

15 compared to % 10 Central Java Province in 2008 - 5 2010, but since 2011 the value is smaller 0 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Year

JawaCentral Tengah Java Pekalongan Background

. The 2018 poverty target for Central Java Province is in the range of 9.93 - 10.40%. In 2017, the poverty rate for Pekalongan District was 12.61%, still above the target of the regional and the provincial government.

. Poverty reduction programs in Central Java involve 17 Regional Government Organizations (OPD) with a total of 76 programs and 118 activities.

. It is important to measure up the poverty reduction programs/activities to the exact needs, goals, and location so that poverty in Central Java Province can decrease according to the targeted figures. From left to right: Family Welfare Card (Ministry of Social Affairs), Program of Eradicating Poverty to Several Poverty Prosper People (Ministry of Agriculture), Self-Help Housing Reduction Stimulant (Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing), Beginner Programs in Entrepreneurship Program (Ministry of Cooperatives and Small Medium Indonesia Enterprises) Poverty indicators include many aspects: economy, social, health, Research education and basic infrastructure Framework Poverty reduction programs must match the exact needs, goals, and location

Study objectives: 1) determining the highest weight (main indicator) of several poverty indicators in Pekalongan District using the AHP method; 2) mapping the distribution of poverty in Pekalongan District based on priority poverty indicators using the GIS method.

Secondary data: poverty indicators for Central Java Province. Primary data: interviews with OPDs that have poverty reduction programs to determine which indicators are most important according to the perceptions of each OPD

Weighting poverty indicators using the AHP method

Priority poverty indicators

Mapping Pekalongan District with GIS

Map of Pekalongan District based on priority poverty indicators Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Questionnaire

• The AHP questionnaire was distributed to stakeholders related to poverty policies, namely 10 OPDs and 17 sub- districts in Pekalongan District.

• The poverty indicators used in the questionnaire refer to the indicators presented at the Coordination Meeting of the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K) of Central Java Province on March 27, 2018 AHP Questionnaire

Poverty indicators used in the questionnaire:

1. Housing condition 2. Source of water, lighting and fuel 3. Food expenditure 4. Assets/valuables ownership 5. Access to health facilities 6. Occupation of the household head 7. Education of the household head Sample of Filled Questionnaire

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 House Source of Food Assets/ Access to Occupation Education condition water, expenditure valuables health of the of the lighting ownership facilities household household and fuel head head Row 1 House condition 3 5 1/5 3 1 2 Row 2 Source of water, 5 1 9 5 5 lighting and fuel

Row 3 Food 1/7 1 1 1 expenditure Row 4 Assets/ 3 1/3 6 valuables ownership Row 5 Access to health 1/3 1/3 facilities Row 6 Occupation of 3 the household head Row 7 Education of the household head

Column 2 line 1: Source of water, lighting and fuel is slightly more important than house condition Column 3 line 1: Food expenditures is clearly more important than housing condition Column 4 line 1: Assets /valuables ownership is clearly no more important than house condition Results of Weighting Poverty Indicator

Criterion Weights Rk

1 House condition 24.8% 1

2 Source of energy 13.8% 3

3 Food expenditure 8.3% 7

4 Assets/valuables ownership 23.5% 2

5 Access to health facilities 9.5% 5

6 Occupation of the household head 8.9% 6

7 Education of the household health 11.4% 4 Mapping with GIS

. Data of house condition, energy sources, food expenses, of assets/valuables ownership, access to health facilities, employment and education for each 19 sub-district in Pekalongan District from Statistics Indonesia

. The data of the poverty indicators was sorted based on the highest value to the lowest value. Mapping with GIS

• Determining status for each indicator by these steps: 1. Determines class. There are three classes, namely: high, medium, low. 2. Specifies range (R). The range is calculated by using this formula: R = highest value - lowest value 3. Determines the width of the interval. The interval width is calculated by dividing R by the number of classes. Statistics Indonesia classifies house condition into three types, namely: 1) houses that are habitable and in accordance with health standards (Type A); 2) houses that are habitable but do not meet health standards (Type B); and 3) houses that are not habitable and do not meet health standards (Type C).

Red areas: sub- districts with high numbers of type C house, yellow: medium numbers, Map of Pekalongan District based on Type C House, 2016 green: low numbers Data on asset ownership is proxied by ownership of motorized and non- motorized vehicles

Red areas: sub-districts with low numbers of motorized and non- motorized vehicles, yellow: medium numbers, green: high numbers

Map of Pekalongan District based on Motorized and Non-Motorized Vehicle Ownership, 2016 Data on education of the household head is proxied by male population who have completed elementary school

Red areas: sub-districts with low numbers of male population who have completed elementary school, yellow: medium numbers, green: high numbers

Map of Pekalongan District based on Male Population who Have Completed Elementary School, 2016 Data on access to health facilities is proxied by percentage of family planning program participants and number of health facilities

Red areas: sub-districts with low numbers of health facilities, yellow: medium numbers, green: high numbers

Small circle: sub-districts with low numbers of family planning program participants, medium circle: medium numbers, large circle: high numbers

Map of Pekalongan District based on Percentage of Family Planning Program Participants and Number of Health Facilities, 2016 Data on occupation of the household head is proxied by percentage of population working in the agriculture sector

Red areas: sub-districts with high percentage of population working in the agriculture sector, yellow: medium numbers, green: low numbers

Map of Pekalongan based on Percentage of Population Working in the Agriculture Sector, 2016 Conclusions

1. Poverty indicators based on priority calculated with AHP are: a. housing condition b. assets/valuables ownership c. source of water, lighting and fuel d. education of the household head e. access to health facilities f. field of work of the household head g. food expenditure Conclusions 2. In accordance with AHP weighting results, the priorities of the poverty reduction program in the rank order and region are: a. Assistance program for housing improvement such as Liveable Housing Program for Poor Society with the priority of Sub- District of Petungkriyono, Kandangserang, Bojong and Paninggaran (red areas in the map); b.Assistance program for ownership of transport assets with priority of Sub-District of Lebakbarang, Kandangserang, Petungkriyono, Paninggaran, Talun, Doro, Siwalan dan Karanganyar; c. Assistance program for education implementation with the priority of Sub-District ofLebakbarang Subdistrict, Petungkriyono, Talun and Karanganyar; d.Assistance program for improving access to health facilities with the priority of Sub-District of Petungkriyono, Lebakbarang, Wonokerto, Talun, Karangdadap, Buaran, Kandangserang, Siwalan dan Paninggaran; e. Business capital assistance with the priority of Sub-District of Petungkriyono Subdistrict, Lebakbarang and Kandang Suggestions

1. The priority rank of poverty reduction programs based on the results of weighting indicators with AHP is as followed: assistance program for house improvement, assistance for asset ownership, assistance for improving water sources, lighting and fuel, education assistance, improvement of access to health facilities, working capital assistance and food expenditure assistance. 2. Poverty reduction programs are prioritized in red areas on the map 3. To be more accurate, further research can use secondary data in village level 4. Poverty indicators can be proxied by using different secondary data to see if there are differences in priority areas Thank You Terima Kasih