A Knowledge and Social-Cohesive City for the Developing World Juan Yunda

XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 00

XIAMIX A Knowledge and Social-Cohesive city for the developing world Juan Yunda

Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Institut für Europäische Urbanistik Tongji University, Shanghai College of Architecture and Urban Planning Master’s Thesis, August 2009 XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 01

Shanghai 2008 | Photo: Juan Yunda XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 02

Part 1: Introducing Xiamen Part 2: Looking for answers Part 3: Towards a creative and cohesive city Part 4: XIAMIX a prototype proposal XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 03

Beijing

Seoul Nagoya Tokyo Osaka

t h Shanghai ig

ﬂ r u o

Fuzhou m

5 Xiamen

Taipei 5

k to USA

Hong Kong

ﬂ

Bangkok Manila

to Europe

to Chile

Kuala Lumpur

Singapore to Jakarta Xiamen City - Networks XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 04

TONG’ AN DISTRICT

XIANG’ AN DISTRICT JIMEI DISTRICT

Xiamen from Gulangyu Island | Photo: Panoramio

HULI DISTRICT

XIAMEN HAICANG DISTRICT

SIMING DISTRICT Jinmen Island

Gulangyu Jiulong River Island

Xiamen University | Photo: Panoramio Xiamen City - Location XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 05

Torch High-Tech 1 Industrial Zone (1990) Electronic devices Tungsten micro-drill

7 Xiamen Free Trade 2 Zone (1992) 7 Import-export Container 7 Logistic Xiamen Aviation 3 Industrial Zone Aircraft maintenace Catering

6 Haicang South 6 4 Industrial District Export Pocessing Zone Petro-chemistry 3 Haicang-Maluan High- 5 5 Tech Industrial Park R. & D. Logistics Leisure 1 Jimei Taiwanese 2 6 Investment Zone Multiple Industries 4 7 Tong’an District 11 Economic Development Zones Consolidated Area Under Construction Xiamen City - Urban expansion since the Opening XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 06

Jimei District | Photo: Panoramio Xiamen City - Urban expansion since the Opening XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 07

Xiamen Downtown | Photo: Panoramio Xiamen City - Clearances in the old city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 08

| Photo: Panoramio Xiamen City - Urban Expansion since the Opening XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 09

Urban Villages Old settlements in the city core Xiamen City - Informal Settlements XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 10

1. 2. 3.

Xiamen City - Urbanization Process XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 11

“The shift towards flexible economy is bringing new inequalities to the modern society. It shapes the dual city of the very rich and the very poor. Gentrification and slum-clearances leave the inner city only for those who can afford it” [Sassen 1994; Bounds 2004]

Before 1979 1990s 2000s Future?

Future of cities XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 13

“Gentrified neighborhoods are more labor intensive than the Fordist middle class suburbs of the US. Directly they employ more service staff. Indi- rectly, there is a new demand for customized products that subcontract part of the work to low-cost operations, like households or sweatshops.” [Sassen 1994]

Gentrified Neighborhood Slums, MUD, Urban Villages Gated High-Rise Compound (Europe, U.S.) (China, LDC) (China, LDC) Customized Products Customized Products Mass Products Labor-Intensive Labor-Intensive Capital-Intensive Small Shop Small Shop Supermarket Service Staff No Service Staff Service Staff Formal-Informal Economy Informal Economy Formal Economy Lively Streets Lively Streets Gated Streets Flexible Housing Flexible Housing Inflexible Housing Work at Home Work at Home No work at home Identity Identity No Identity

Innovation Innovation Less Innovation Knowledge Economy trends Variety Variety Uniformity Industrial Economy trends

Future of cities XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 14 o u ; o

u q n￥

Future of cities XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 15

Diagrams: Christiaanse, K., 2008. {Restricted Ac- cess} or the Open City?. UrbanTransformation p. 140-141. Ruby Press.

Towards a creative and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 17 2. Mix and Identity ...city as mix of different social clusters in and ambience of tolerance...

| Photo: Panoramio | Photo: Panoramio

Towards a creative and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 18 3. Flexibility ...a flexible city foster self-improvement of vulnerable social groups...

inconvenient proximity to unskilled jobs unimportant

convenient freehold ownership important modern standard shelter essential bridgeheader consolidator middle income

Gilbert, A., & Gugler, J., 1992. Cities, Poverty and Lacobelli, A., & Aravena, A., 2008. Elemental: Housing as Development, Urbanization in the Third World p. 120. an Investment Not a Social Expense. Urban Transforma- Oxford University Press; USA, 2nd Edition. tion pp. 354, 356. Ruby Press.

Towards a creative and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 19 4. Density ...a dense city is more energy-efficient and enhances interaction and networking...

Hong Kong, North Point Old Paris Shanghai-Pudong CBD Bulit-up area density: 19% Bulit-up area density: 61% Bulit-up area density: 11% FAR: 3.1 FAR: 4.5 FAR: 3.7 Building heigth: 30-40 floors Building heigth: 6-7 floors Building heigth: above 45 floors

Session Book 14th - 28th march 2009, International Workshop of Urban Design, Designing an Eco-City, Proposal for Huludao China p.16. Les Ateliers; Huludao China; CAUP, Tongji University; CSTB, Mines Paris Tech; Cornell University; Republic of France, Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry; Veolia Environ- ment, Aftrp, Epad.

Towards a creative and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 20

1. The Open City 2. Mix and Identity

sustainable innovation cohesion

3. Flexibility 4. Density

Towards a creative and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 21

Urban Gulang yu Village Island Xiamen University

Housing Industry Preservation The Site: Xia-Harbor XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 23

The Site: Xia-Harbor XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 24

The Site: Xia-Harbor XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 25 sweatshop

sweatshop 茶市面 sweatshop Local Government 面市揉 sweatshop 市市面 sweatshop 茶 Interest: More quality of life for 揉 the city. Stimulate economy (cre- 面 ate jobs). Sustainability for the future (Density). Duties: Formulate Master Plan. Develop public spaces.

Developers Interest: Make profit through investment in Real Estate. Duties: Share their profit with the collectivity by developing innova- tive typologies that create livable urban environments.

University - Creative Interest: Create knowledge and innovation. Duties: Make the knowledge avail- able for the whole community and 茶 encourage the people to use it, to 面 improve their living conditions. 市市面市揉

art Residents Art Interest: Improve living conditions. art Keep their housing and sources of art museum art income. museum Duties: Public participation. Project Scenarios XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 26 1. The Open City art 2. Mix and Identity housingagriculture  slum 3. Flexibility office slum 4. Density shopping art

housing slum  shoppinguniversity agriculture art  housing slumshoppingslum housing art art office slum agriculture museummuseum university housing art universityslum office art housing agriculturehousing shoppingslum N  art XIAMIX: Design Criteria XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 27 1. The Open City 2. Mix and Identity 3. Flexibility 4. Density

XIAMIX a knowledge and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 28 1. The Open City 1 Social housing 9 Expo hall - Old warehouse 17 Artist galleries + studios 2 Shop-Offices 10 Fishermen housing 18 Observation Platform 2. Mix and Identity 3 Swimming pool 11 School 19 Hotel 4 High-income housing 12 University Cultural Center 20 Urban Agriculture 3. Flexibility 5 Sea Library 13 Squatter Community 21 Progressive Housing 6 Student’s housing 14 Squatter Community 22 Social housing 4. Density 7 Seafood restaurants 15 Art Museum 23 High-income housing 8 Fish market 16 Sea Museum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 XIAMIX a knowledge and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 29 1. The Open City 2. Mix and Identity 3. Flexibility 4. Density

XIAMIX a knowledge and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 30 1. The Open City 2. Mix and Identity 3. Flexibility 4. Density

XIAMIX a knowledge and cohesive city XIAMIX | Juan Yunda Master’s Thesis Integrated International Urban Studies. Bauhaus-University Weimar - Tongji University Shanghai 31

Thank you

XIAMIX a knowledge and cohesive city