International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 4757-4762 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS IN PALLIKARANAI WETLAND, CHENNAI
B.Pavithra1, ( [email protected]), Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai, S.Swathy2, Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai, B. Subhashini3 (M.tech), Assistant Professor of Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai
Abstract: As the water is the major source of litres a day by the Alanthur municipality sewage earth, still people refuses to use the nature’s water plant made it to be completely polluted. In creation in the correct way. Pallikaranai addition wastes generated from the city areas and wetland–earlier it was the fresh water body in the the industrial wastes were dumped exactly at the Chennai city, later on it has been deteriorated sewage letting point. Nearly 250 acres of the and the nature of the wet land has been land was completely dumped by the city garbage eradicated by the human activities which wastes. Around 1500 tonnes of wastes were put includes the dumping of waste into the land, into the Pallikaranai wetland daily. Then this poisonous solids, sewage discharge, construction marshland had become the largest dump land. of many buildings, etc,. Henceforth, here the All these leaded to the reduction of fauna paper flashes about the quality test of the water population of the Pallikaranai wetland. in an around Pallikaranai wetland to test whether the water is eligible 1.2.1 Protection efforts
Keywords: The Tamilnadu pollution control board has taken some steps to control the pollution of the Pallikaranai wetland, deterioration, quality test. Pallikaranai wetland. While the survey, they has put their point on the front conveying that there 1. INTRODUCTION are nearly 275 species of flora and 100 species of birds are alive exist. And the district collector of 1.1 WETLAND Kanchipuram announced that nearly 548 hectares Wetland-it is saturated by the water permanently of the marsh lands was protected. or temporarily by considering the seasons. They 1.2.2 Funds by external agencies are the real sources where huge amount of water can be generated. Even though its getting dumped by the wastes daily, the birds still refuses to stop visiting the 1.1.1 Pallikaranai Wetland marsh land, said by the government (January Pallikaranai wetland is one the 94 recognised 2010). There were few conversations that helped wetland under the national wetland conservation to convert the Pallikaranai marsh into wetland by and management program (NWCMP) by the networking with the big international agencies to government of India. Once Pallikaranai attract the fund for its protection. In march 2018 marshland was the only existing wetland to the government commenced that it will regain its survive a good ecosystem of the city. The marsh real nature nearly 695 hectares under the national contains the several uncommon and threatened adaptation fund via climate changes to be put on lives and birds in it. live from 2018 to 2023 costs around 1656.7 million. 1.2 POLLUTED WETLAND 2. LITERATURE SURVEY Due to huge construction work undertaken by the government and few private companies made the The study of different types of lakes and its Pallikaranai wetland to face the initial stage of qualities was studied. This study flashes out the pollution but that wasn’t the end. Again a huge different results and the comparisons of those release of untreated sewage water of 32 million values with all the water quality standards. Few
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point sources and non point sources were different points and the intervals, and then taken investigated. As the result, all the values were to the laboratory. mostly of under or above the good qualities. Still few of them were quite ok at its level.
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 STUDY AREA
Pallikaranai marshland is located near the Coromandel Coast at the souther side of the P 1 Adyar estuary. It’s surrounded by the road way of old Mahabalipuram & many residential living P2 areas which are Madiakkam, Velechery, etc., and its catchment area is nearly 235 square P3 kilometres. Its maximum length is 15 km, P4 maximum width is 3 km, surface area is 80 P8 square kilometre, water volume is 9 cubic P7 kilometre, surface evaluation is 5 meter and its P5 P6 coordinates 12°56′15.72″N, 80°12′55.08″E.
Sample no Latitude Longitude
PA_SED 1 12.96380 80.21646 Figure 1: Location of the samples PA_SED 2 12.96006 80.21546 3.3 METHODOLOGY PA_SED 3 12.95818 80.21430 The samples are collected in the well washed bottles. Then they are transported to the PA_SED 4 12.95136 80.21160 laboratory and kept in the normal temperature. Proceeding further, different types of water PA_SED 5 12.94890 80.21078 quality tests are done.
PA_SED 6 3.3.1 pH, Electrical conductivity 12.94871 80.21209 pH indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in PA_SED 7 water and it ranges from 0-14 where as 7 is 12.95906 80.21578 neutral, less than 7 is acidic and more than 7 is basic. Then there comes the electrical PA_SED 8 12.94955 80.22031 conductivity which is the measurement of the water’s ability to conduct the electricity.
3.3.2 Total hardness Table 1: Sampling location details Hardness of water is an aesthetic quality of water 3.2 LOCATION OF SEDIMENTS SAMPLES and is caused by carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides of calcium and The samples were collected during the month of magnesium. It prevents the lather formation with December 2017 at the surface of the Pallikaranai soap and increases the boiling point of water. wetland. Nearly 8 samples were collected at the
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The maximum permissible limit of total hardness Capacity of water to resist the pH that would for drinking purpose is 300 mg/L. Hardness make the water more acidic. more than 300 mg/L may cause heart and kidney problems. The total hardness in surface water 3.3.6 Phosphorous samples collected from the study area ranged Phosphorus occurs in usual water and in waste from 100-850 mg/L. In the present study the waters almost exclusively as phosphate. These hardness were above the permitted limit are classified as condensed phosphate, ortho 3.3.4 Chloride phosphate, and other poly phosphates, and organically bound phosphates. They occur in The chloride ions occur in natural water in fairly solutions in particles or detrictus, or in the bodies low concentration, usually <100mg/l unless the of aquatic organisms. water is brackish or saline. The distribution of chloride ion concentration individually reflects 3.3.7 Sodium the water interaction with rocks, permeability variations of aquifer and inters transmissivity of Sodium (Na) (from Latin natrium) and atomic rock Based on ISI standard, chloride number 11. Sodium is a common element, the concentration is classified <100ppm as good sixth most abundant, and present to some extent zone suitable for drinking. Moderate surface in most natural waters. Concentrations vary from water suitable zone is categorized under the class negligible in freshwater to considerable in of 100-250ppm. Above 250ppm zones were seawater and brackish water. The permeability of classified as poor surface water suitable zones. agricultural soil is harmed by a high ratio of sodium ions to total cations. Sodium 3.3.5 Alkalinity concentrations higher than a few milligrams per liter are undesirable in feed water for high- Alkalinity is a measure of ability of water to pressure boilers. When compounded with certain neutralize the acids determination of alkalinity anions (e.g. chloride), sodium imparts a salty OH-, CO3 2- and HCO3 - can be estimated taste to drinking water and, if the concentration separately by titration against standard acid using is sufficiently high, consumers may not be phenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators. willing to drink it. Sodium concentrations can be determined by flame photometry.
4. RESULT & DISCUSSION
S.NO LOCATION pH EC TH Ca Cl ALK P Na SiO2
1 P-1 6.56 3323 750 91.0 512.0 10.6 1.56 43 -0.35
2 P-2 6.38 2774 1010 76.1 398.0 10.2 1.05 39 0.56
3 P-3 6.47 5476 1020 245.6 730.0 29.2 2.23 50 1.99
4 P-4 6.7 3794 2570 180.8 516.0 16.6 0.85 40 0.11
5 P-5 6.26 1367 1050 59.9 142.0 8.4 2.26 22 0.66
6 P-6 6.53 1271 720 59.9 132.0 7.0 1.20 23 0.73
7 P-7 6.26 2039 950 59.9 220.0 7.0 3.19 29 3.95
8 P-8 7.11 6825 2160 154.6 372.0 9.0 3.48 50 20.54
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Table 2: Pallikaranai wetland values
TEST pH values EC Ppm of TH Ppm of Chloride Alkalinit Phosphoro values Ca values y values us values
Std values 6.5-8.5 100- 300-600 75-200 98- 200-600 Less 2000 106mmol mg/lit than0.1pp micro /lit m Siemens
Avg of pa sample 6.5 3358.6 1278 115.9 415.2 12.25 1.9
Comparison of Std values= Std Std values Std Std Std Std values both values sample value values
Table 3: Comparison of the standard values and the sample values
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