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ILLINOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

PRODUCTION NOTE

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007.

AQUATIC (MAYFLIES, STONEFLIES, AND ) OF FOREST GLEN COUNTY FOREST PRESERVE AND RUSSELL M. DUFFIN NATURE PRESERVE, VERMILION COUNTY, ILLINOIS

Dr. R. Edward DeWalt Critical Trends Assessment Program Aquatic Entomologist

Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity Technical Report 2002(4)

Submitted to

Illinois Nature Preserves Commission 524 South Second Street Lincoln Tower Plaza Springfield, Illinois 62701

27 February, 2002

INTRODUCTION

This report is in fulfillment of obligations for the granting of a 2001 scientific collector's permit for Forest Glen County Forest Preserve, Vermilion Co. and for Russell M. Duffin State Nature Preserve contained within.

Forest Glen supports abundant seeps and streams, deep, mesic ravines, and eastern deciduous forest remnants. This complex of woodland habitat provides refugia for aquatic species reminiscent of a more eastern distribution. Little of this habitat remains in Illinois, with most of it being limited to the Wabash Borderlands Natural Division and into the Shawnee Hills of southern Illinois. It was surmised that this isolated habitat type might hold several species of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies either not know to the state, those of limited distribution, or even the presence of species unknown to science. The objectives of the current work are to document the Ephemeroptera (mayfly), Plecoptera (stonefly), and Trichoptera () fauna of this unique habitat complex.

METHODOLOGY

This investigation is largely qualitative and involved visits throughout the year to Forest Glen throughout the year. Handpicking of insects, sweepnetting, and UV light trapping was conducted to yield specimens. Some immature insects were brought back to the laboratory to rear to adulthood. This allowed for species level identification in several cases.

Additional specimens found in the INHS insect collection, stemming from the efforts of others over the past 25 years, were re-evaluated. This yielded several species not found by my efforts. All specimens have been deposited in the INHS insect collection. Label data from these specimens have been stored in the insect specimen database. Information may be requested from the author about specific specimens by using the Prefix and Catalogue # combination provided in Table 1.

Several aquatic resources at Forest Glen were investigated. General descriptions and geographic coordinates are provided for the eight locations represented by the data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The 2001 field season added new state records, confirmed of the identity of several other species, provided new distribution records for previously known taxa, and permitted the description of one species completely unknown to science. Table 1 summarizes all taxa identified, locations within the preserve complex, numbers of individuals taken, and dates of collection. Significant findings are headed by taxon name below.

Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Baetidae

Acerpenna macdunnoughi

A single nymph of this species was taken from a stream adjacent to the Old Barn Trail. This constitutes a second location for it in Illinois (Randolph and McCafferty 1998). It is known from an adjacent Indiana county, from Kentucky, Ohio, and Wisconsin in the Midwest (Randolph and McCafferty 1998). The identity of is somewhat uncertain, as this specimen was small and battered.

Diphetor hageni

This is a "small minnow" mayfly of the family Baetidae. It was taken at two locations, the western loop of the Old Barn Trail in a small stream and in the same stream at the Deerpass Trail footbridge. Burks (1953) noted a population in Pope County, Illinois and in the Indiana counties just east of Forest Glen. Randolph and McCafferty (1998) demonstrated that most records for the Midwest have been in Indiana, their home state. It is possible that this species is more widespread than currently known and that special effort is necessary to collect it.

Ephemerellidae

Eurylophella funeralis

A species of ephemerellid mayfly, Eurylophella fineralis, was taken in 2001 as a nymph from the Russell M. Duffin Nature Preserve (Table 1). This, I believe, confirms the identity of a smaller nymph taken from a location north of the Maple Grove Lodge in a small seep during the 2000 field season. This species has not been reported from Illinois (Randolph and McCafferty 1998), although, it does occur in nearby counties of Indiana and in Wisconsin, Kentucky, and Ohio. It is also known from the Appalachian Plateau, where it is widespread.

2 Plecoptera (Stoneflies) Capniidae

Allocapnia nivicola

This is a winter-emerging stonefly characteristic of small stony brooks throughout its range from the Maritime Provinces south to Alabama and then at scattered locations into the Midwest (Ross and Ricker 1971). It is abundant in the brooks of the Russell M. Duffin Nature Preserve. Many specimens were taken in March 2001. Dr. Donald Webb (INHS) took additional specimens in the early 1990s. Ross and Ricker (1971) had previously been reported it from Vermilion County.

Allocapnia recta

This too is a so-called "winter stonefly." Small numbers of these occurred with A. nivicola in Duffin Preserve, at the westernmost bend of the Old Barn Trail in a nearby unnamed tributary, and in an unnamed tributary north of the Maple Grove Lodge. This is a species that is characteristic of larger streams (Ross and Ricker 1971), i.e. in the forks of the Vermilion where it is abundant.

Allocapnia vivipara

This winter stonefly is a ubiquitous inhabitant of nearly all streams in the state and is tolerant of a wide range of water quality. The fact that it was not a dominant inhabitant of the fauna of Forest Glen signifies that these streams are of high quality. Maple Grove Lodge and streams coalescing along Deerpass Trail provided a few specimens.

Nemouridae

Amphinemura delosa

This is a late spring emerging stonefly. Its distribution in Illinois is not well known because so few specimens have been taken (Frison 1935). It cannot be identified to species using the nymphs, which have been taken in much greater abundance and throughout the state where stream have a tree riparian zone. This species eats decaying leaves in the nymphal stage and its range has probably shrunk due to loss of forest cover across the state. Several specimens have been taken over a 30-yr period in the Duffin Preserve (Table 1). Amphinemura varshava

This species was taken in 1997 from Duffin Preserve. I have not collected it but may have not expended enough effort at the appropriate time of the year.

Perlodidae

Clioperlaclio

This is a spring-emerging species common to small springbrooks throughout the state (Frison 1935). It is a large predatory stonefly that usually occurs at low population densities, and thus, is often difficult to collect. It has been found in streams of Duffin Preserve and in streams along Deerpass Trail.

Chloroperlidae

Haploperla brevis

Several specimens of this late spring to early-summer emerging species were collected in 1977 and 1997. I have not collected it. Its distribution in the state is limited to the Wabash Borderlands and to the Shawnee Hills. Typically, this species prefers small-to-medium sized streams.

Perlidae

Perlesta napacolaDeWalt, new species

Adult male specimens were obtained to establish the identity of a taxon previously referred to as Perlesta nr. teaysia (DeWalt et al. 2001). The life stages of this new species were described in mid-2001 and a manuscript subsequently submitted to Entomological News. The manuscript has been accepted and will appear in the May/June issue (DeWalt in press). This species has been found nowhere else, although it is expected in similar small streams in Vermilion County and into Indiana. Its closest relative occurs in western Virginia (Kirchner and Kondratieff 1997). A copy of the manuscript has been provided to the permitting agencies along with this report.

4 TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES)

Ironoquialyrata

This species was described from an unnamed tributary of the Salt Fork Vermilion River just south of Oakwood. Several other unique species were taken from this location in the early part of the 20 h century (Ross 1944), but all of these have been locally extirpated. It is with great pleasure that I can tell you that Forest Glen harbors this species near the Deerpass Trail footbridge. Two specimens were captured in September 2001 at UV light. This is now the only known location for the species in Illinois. The INHS insect collection had only three locations for this species, including Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and the Oakwood location.

Pycnopsyche antica

Most of the large (r1 in. length) cased caddisfly larvae in streams near Deerpass Trail are probably those of this species. The adults are distinguished from other local species in the genus by having forewings, which are a burnt orange color, completely speckled with small brown spots (Moulton and Stewart 1996). This is a new state record and the species at this location is at its western-most distribution limit; otherwise, it is most prevalent in the Appalachian Plateau (Wojtowicz 1982). It is quite possible that this species would be see by Forest Glen campers on mild September nights when it emerges from the stream.

Pycnopsyche lepida

This species, captured with P. antica, was represented by only two specimens. Its wing coloration is unicolorous-tan, except perhaps for one or more small-darkened areas in the distal half of the forewing. This is only the third location in Illinois for this northerly distributed species (Wojtowicz 1982). It has been taken from adjacent Indiana counties.

Other species listed in Table 1 have been reported previously and will not be covered further. I should like to extend my permit for Forest Glen and Duffin Nature Preserve. In successive years, my efforts have yielded new state records and a most recently a new species. I fully expect that with additional efforts this trend will continue for a short while.

This spring I will modify this report to be included in a manuscript for publication on the unique fauna of this area. I will also compare it to work I have done in other small brooks throughout the state. This type of habitat is key to protecting a sizeable number of aquatic insect species throughout the state. Other work that would be useful, should I find the time and resources, would be to link what I have found here to other seepage/ small brook in the Wabash drainage of Illinois. An interesting location to study would be Rocky Branch Nature Preserve, where INHS insect collection data suggesting a similar fauna.

I have included my 2001 permit for renewal please note that the county permit is also enclosed to demonstrate that Ken Konsis has approved my work, as indicated by his signature.

LITERATURE CITED

Burks, B. D. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 26: 1-216. DeWalt, R. E., D. W. Webb, and T. H. Kompare. 2001. The Perlestaplacida (Hagen) complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Illinois, new state records, distributions, and an identification key. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103: 207-216. DeWalt, R. E. In press. Perlesta napacola, a new species in the Perlestafrisonispecies group (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Entomological News 113: Frison, T. H. 1935. The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 20: 1-471. Kirchner, R. F., and B. C. Kondratieff. 1997. A new species of Nearctic Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Virginia. Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 290-293. Moulton, S. R., II, and K. W. Stewart. 1996. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 56: 1-313. Randolph, R. P., and W. Patrick McCafferty. 1998. Diversity and Distribution of the Mayflies of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 13: 188 pp. Ross, H. H. 1944. The caddis flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 23: 1-326. Ross, H. H., and W. E. Ricker. 1971. The classification, evolution, and dispersal of the winter stonefly genus Allocapnia. Illinois Biological Monographs 45: 1-166. Wojtowicz, J. A. 1982. A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revisions of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and (Hagen) Complexes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 292 pp.

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