1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 13001 great principle is to betray our own prac calculated to make their claims against the out the Greek position, attitudes of reason tices and mores. For America to fail to do Greeks of Cyprus even slightly valid. ableness and even the outstretched hand her part in an international situation where I cannot and would not before an in of cooperation and amity. No-given strong all look to her for leadership in accordance formed audience like this attempt to pose as international leadership and the directing with her own blueprint is to make Inde an expert on this very complex problem. But influence of the massed will of world opinion pendence Day itself a hollow and meaning a study of the total facts makes it entirely as represented, for instance, in the United· less gesture. . plausible, it seems to me, to so rearrange Nations, and it seems altogether feasible For a century, as certainly this audience gently and considerably the populations of that under self-determination the solution knows, the Greeks on Cyprus have fought the Greek and the Turkish islands in the gen in Cyprus could be found. for organic union with the mother country. eral theater, as to soften, perhaps even heal, There are 530,000 people on Cyprus and Yet if the vote of the people, under the the rupture between Greece and Turkey. All 400,000 of them are Greeks-A statistic that plebiscite, should favor some solution other of you, I'm sure would, in justice, want to speaks sensationally for itself. We have to than organic union with Greece, the best assure the Turkish minority on Cyprus that remember that the three nations-Britain, and most reliable information is that this their rights will be protected just as you Greece and Turkey-all belong to the West would be acceptable to the Greek Govern want the Greek minority rights in Turkey ern bloc and all are members of the North ment. It is impossible for me as an Ameri to be protected. Atlantic Treaty Organization. The major can, looking impartially at all angles of this It may be that in putting views like this elements for understanding exist. The situation, to find any of the disruptive and before you there is more enthusiasm and right with compelling obviousness belongs explosive and adamant elements of fanati wishfulness than realism-the hard and to the Greek position. The issue at heart is cism in this proposition of the Greek Gov tough kind. And yet on consultations with one of justice and sovereignty in keeping ernment. They ask first for a determination some experts in the field I find that there with precisely those ideals upon which rest of the Cyprus peoples' destiny by the people is solid ground for my optimism. We live in the very foundations of the United Nations. themselves. They ask second that the an age released for the most part, from the . The hour, ladies and gentlemen, is critical. plebiscite be supervised or managed by the bitter and enduring feuds of old. And I hope that under the influence of the ideals United Nations. They declare then that given self-determination-it is, as I see it, that have marked man's forward march to whatever solution is arrived at in this not beyond ·the realms of the possible and freedom for the last 2,000 years, Cyprus and plebiscite will be the governing judgment not altogether improbable but that Greece, its people will find their place in the sun. for Greece. Cyprus, Britain, and Turkey can emerge from I hope even more that the thinking of the All Americans should know, since our this dilemma with a solution, while not ab Declaration of Independence, to which today whole world is now so integrated, that an solutely satisfactory to all in every particu we are rededicating ourselves, will empha episode anywhere affects us all, that the lar, can serve as the groundwork for lasting size to the American people how profoundly Cypriots' cry for amalgamation with Greece peace in the area. their tradition is bound up with the aspira has echoed down through the centuries. It This we know: No government on Cyprus tions of the people on Cyprus. Just so long goes back to the moment in 1489 when Tur will endure without self-determination. as men everywhere can see their common key fastened itself upon this exposed and But, given the right to say who shall govern goal to freedom, the hope for freedom every vulnerable Mediterranean island. It cannot them, then the Cypriots agree to make con where will not dim. It is my expectation be said, and certainly the enlightened Turks cessions to the Turks in matters of religious that Cyprus will witness self-determination of our time would not expect historians to and cultural freedom. There would be the and that this may bring about a new dawn report, that the government of Cyprus by the safeguards of the United Nations. And the of justice and liberty in the Mediterranean Tu!'ks was in any sense benevolent-and Turks would be granted a customs union theater and-I trust-eventually among all even hundreds of years of control is hardly with Turkey. Even here we see, as through- peoples of this planet.
In the name of Christ, our Lord. the President of the United States, SENATE Amen. which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Joint Committee on THURSDAY, JULY 3, 1958 THE JOURNAL Atomic Energy: Bishop W. Earl Ledden, resident bishop To the Congress of the United States: of the Methodist Church in the Syracuse On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by area, offered the following prayer: unanimous consent, the reading of the It has become manifestly clear of late Journal of the proceedings of Wednes that the countries of the Free World Almighty God, Father of us all and day, July 2, 1958, was dispensed with. must, for their collective defense and Father of each of us, we bless Thy name mutual help, endeavor to combine their that Thou art near enough for us to resources and share the large tasks that turn to Thee for light upon our way, for MESSAGES FROM TilE PRESIDENT confront us. This is particularly true strength equal to the tasks at hand. May APPROVAL OF BILLS in the field of scientific research and our minds be open to Thy truth, our wills development in support of greater col responsive to Thy leading, throughout Messages in writing from the Presi lective security. notably in the field of all this day. dent of the United States were commu military applications of atomic energy. On this anniversary of our country's nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one Close collaboration between scientists birth, we bow to acknowledge Thee as of his secretaries, and he announced that and engineers of the United States and maker ·of heaven and earth, the power on July 2, 1958, the President had ap the United Kingdom during World War that hath made and preserved us aNa proved and signed the following acts: II proved most fruitful. tion. We remember that truly America S. 1706. An act to amend the act entitled The Free World again faces a similar did not rise without Thy assistance. "An act to grant additional powers to the challenge which the free nations can Commissioners of the District of Columbia, most effectively meet by cooperating Now we pray· that we may continue to and for other purposes." approved December seek and to accept Thy light and Thy 20, 1944, as amended; with one another in genuine partner salvation. S. 2224. An act to amend the Federal Prop ship. I pointed out to the Congress As we give thanks to Thee that in Thy erty and Administrative Services Act of 1949, earlier this year that it was "wasteful providence our many States have become as amended, regarding advertised and nego in the extreme for friendly allies to con one Nation, indivisible, we this day lift tiated disposals of surplus property; and sume talent and money in solving prob our prayer for the new State which is S. 2533. An act to amend the Federal Prop lems that their friends have already about to take its place among us. God erty and Administrative Services Act of 1949 solved-all because of artificial barriers to authorize the Administrator of General to sharing." Since then the Congress bless Alaska. We thank Thee for Thy Services to lease space for Federal agencies bountiful gifts to that great land, and for periods not exceeding 10 years, and for has responded with necessary changes we pray that all who dwell within its other purposes. in our legislation on the basis of which ample borders may have reason to be this Government has just concluded an grateful for this new day and this new agreement with the Government of the relationship. May every good thing in United Kingdom which provides the AGREEMENT WITH UNITED KING.. framework for closer cooperation on all that land be strengthened, and every DOM RELATIVE TO COOPERATION evil thing enfeebled by the enlarging uses of atomic energy for mutual fellowship that is America. ON USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR defense purposes. So may all our States be bound to MUTUAL DEFENSE PURPOSEs Pursuant to that legislation I am sub gether in the pursuit of the happiness MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT mitting to each House of the Congress which may be attained alone where there The VICE PRESIDENT laid before an authoritative copy of the agreement. is liberty and justice for all. the Senate the following message from I am also tr~nsmitting a copy of the I
13002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SEN~ TE Ju1y 3 Secretary of State's letter accompany H. J. Res. 633. Joint resolution to designate EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED ing authoritative copies of the signed the lake formed by the Ferrells Bridge Dam across Cypress Creek in Texas as Lake 0' the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the agreement, a copy of a joint letter from Pines. Senate a message from the President of the Chairman of the Atomic Energy the United States submitting sundry · Commission and the Secretary of De nominations, which were referred to the fense recommending my approval of ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESO Committee on Armed Services. this agreement and a copy of my memo LUTION SIGNED (For nominations this day received, randum in reply thereto setting forth see the end of Senate proceedings.) my approval. The message also announced that the DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. Speaker had affixed his signature to the The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be THE WHITE HOUSE, July 3, 1958. following enrolled bills and joint resolu no reports of committees, the clerk will tion, and they were signed by the Vice state the nomination to be considered. President: MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE s. 803. An act for the relief of Claudio Guillen; UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE A message from the House of Repre S. 2168. An act for the relief of Armas sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its Edvin Jansson-Viik; The Chief Clerk read the nomination reading clerks, announced that the s. 2251. An act for the relief of Manley of Arthur J. Stanley, Jr., of Kansas, to Francis Burton; House had passed, without amendment, be United States district judge for the s. 2493. An act for the relief of Maria G. district of Kansas. the following bill and joint resolution Aslanis; of the Senate: s. 2819. An act for the relief of Mrs. Her Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I s. 2964. An act granting the consent and mine Melamed; move that the Senate proceed to the approval of Congress to a compact between H. R. 11451. An act to authorize the con consideration of executive business for the State of Connecticut and the State of struction and sale by the Federal Maritime the purpose of considering the nomi Massachusetts relating to flood control; and Board of a. superliner passenger vessel nation of Arthur J. Stanley, Jr., of Kan s. J. Res. 159. Joint resolution to authorize equivalent to the steamship United. States, sas, to be United States district judge for and request the President to proclaim July and a superliner passenger vessel for opera the district of Kansas. 4, 1958, a day of rededication to the responsi tion in the Pacific Ocean, and for other pur· bilities of free citizenship. poses; and The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob s. J. Res. 159. Joint resolution to author jection, the nomination is confirmed. The message also announced that the ize and request the Presiclent to proclaim Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I House had agreed to the report of the July 4, 1958, a day of rededication to the ask unanimous consent that the Presi committee of conference on the disagree responsibilities of free citizenship. dent be immediately notified of the con ing votes of the two Houses on the firmation of this nomination. amendments of the House to the resolu The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob tion DISTRICT OJ' COLORADO TABLE 3.--Cases commenced per judgeship TABL~ 5.-Cases commenced per judgeship in TABLE 1.-Civil cases commenced and termi thtS district and in 86 districts by nature nated, by fiscal year, and pending at the "' Criminal of suit, fiscal year 1956--Continued end of each year beginning with 1941 .9 Total Private cases (less gJ civil cases civil cases immigra- Colo- 86 dis t>.O tion) " Fisca: ~ rado tricts Fiscal year Com- Term!- Pending .~ ..... menced nated June 30 year '0 _ 0 ~~ 0 <>!_, 0 ~; United States cases-Continued ~ s:lt>.O ~ s:lt>.O s:lt>l) ---- O<>l Oo! United States defendant______16 ---- ~e ~ 18 'l'otfll civil cases: t5"' ....,., "'t5 ~~ t5 Enjoin Federal agencies______3 3 194L _. ------193 183 99 I 0 "'~ 0 "'~ 0 ~~ Habeas Corpus______1 3 1942.------212 215 96 z 0 z"' 0 z"' 0 z"' Tort Claims Act.------2 4 ] 943.------278 215 159 ------T ax suits------8 5 1944. ------211 234 136 ----1941. _____ ------Other------a· 3 647 461 322 1 193 164 70 82 147 153 Private cases: 1945.------1942 ______1 212 38 256 194()_------590 630 282 1943 ______168 77 161 Federal question______24 33 1947------385 481 186 1 278 158 43 58 315 174 1 1944 ______1 211 169 41 56 495 184 Copyright._------1 194· ------246 255 177 1945 ______Employers' Liability Act.____ 3 6 1949.------327 291 213 1946 ______1 647 295 39 57 352 176 Fair Labor Standards Act_____ 1 1 1950.------458 339 332 1 590 321 44 70 234 142 Habeas corpus______3 3 368 349 351 1947------1 385 271 87 109 307 134 Jones Act ______------1951.------1948 ______1 246 98 313 10 1952.------361 346 366 1949 ______205 117 123 Miller Act______2 2 419 363 422 1 327 238 119 121 270 123 1953.------1950 ______1 458 222 191 411 Patent·------· 2 3 1954.------365 282 505 113 116 Other------13 7 319 405 419 195L•••• 1 368 204 137 111 375 106 Diversity of citizenship.------79 1955.------1952 ______1 361 236 149 126 451 90 1956.------346 448 317 1953 ______112 Insw·ance______8 15 328 333 312 1 146 386 114 16 1957------1954 ______2 183 127 217 Other contracts._------21 1st 3 quarters 1958. _ 312 252 372 1955 ______103 Real property______10 3 p rivate civil cases: 2 160 212 85 126 180 104 Personal injury (motor vehicle). 24 33 1956 ______2 173 225 102l!ll 135 176 102 1941.------70 71 liO 1957 ______lnl Personal injury (other)______11 17 1942.------38 56 32 2 "'I164 236 96 151 156 105 5 1943.------43 42 33 Ad~~~~~; ~~:~~~i~~~=::::::::::::: ------~- 11 1944.------41 42 32 1945 ______------39 27 44 1 This column includes 86 districts for 1949 and there 1946.------44 46 42 after; 84 districts before 1949. 2 Immigration cases have been eliminated from this Criminal cases Oess immigration) Colo- 86 dis- 1947------87 61 68 1948.------98 81 85 table because they occur in volume in only 5 districts on rado tricts 1949.------119 103 101 the Mexican border and because the average judicial 1950.------191 123 169 time per case for their disposition is small. Total cases.·------. 176 102 19521951.------______- 137 126 180 149 127 202 TABLE 4.-Time elapsing in civil cases tried 1 1953.------185 112 275 1954.------204 144 335 TABLE 6.-Civil and criminal trials com 1955.------170 221 284 M edian intervaliMedian interval menced, by fiscal year 1956 •• ------204 261 227 in months in months 1957------192 186 233 Number from filing to from issue to Civil 1st 3 quarters, 1958. 164 142 255 Fiscal year of cases ! disposition trial s Criminal tried Fiscal ~~ TABLE 2.-United States civil cases and crimi Colo- National Colo- National year ·- s:l f>, f>, nal cases commenced and terminated, by rado median rado median .!Sa !:l ~ ~ ~ ·a- f>, ~ ·go f>, fisoal year, and pending at the end of each ----·1------0 0 0 ~ 0 ~ year beginning with 1941 1945 ______5 9.0 5.3 8 8 z .... 8 z .... 1946 ______25 6. 9 8.9 4.1 - 5.0 ------19481947------______11 9.0 5.1 1951. _____ 70 34 26 8 36 ------36 Fiscal year Com- Term!- Pending 1949 ______19 9.9 5. 8 1952 ______85 39 30 9 46 5 41 menced nated June 30 1950 ______22 10.4 5.9 1953______65 36 27 9 29 6 2a 1951. ______16 --i6:s· 11.2 ""ii:2- 6. 7 1954 ______85 28 14 14 57 7 50 1952 ______28 12.2 7.3 1955 ______111 59 45 14 52 6 46 United States civil 1953 ______39 15.0 12.1 11.0 7.0 1956______117 64 51 13 53 4 49 cases (United States 1954 ______38 18.6 12.4 11.1 7.4 1957______103 43 32 11 60 8 52 a party): 1 21 *23. 0 13.5 *13. 7 8.1 - 1955 ______18. 3 1941.------123 112 49 1956 ______54 29.5 14.6 9.1 1942.------174 159 64 63 25.3 15.4 13.7 10.3 Civil and criminal trials commenced per 235 ( 67) 126 37 21.4 14.2 11.0 9.0 1943.------173 1957 ------~ judgeship 1944 •• ------170 ( 48) 192 104 1945.------608 (506) 434 278 546 (390) 584 240 1 The median time interval in months is computed for 1946 •• ------the civil cases in which a trial was held, which were Total trials Civil Criminal 1947------298 (174) 420 il8 Num- 1948.------148 ( 16) 174 92 terminated during the year, excluding land condemna tion, habeas corpus, and forfeiture proceedings. No Fiscal ber 1949.------208 ( 63) 188 112 year of Na- Na- Na- 1950.------267 ( 58) 216 163 median interval is shown for the years 1945 through 1952 where less than 25 cases were terminated after trial. judge- Colo- tiona! Colo- tiona! Colo- tional 1951.------231 ( 98) 223 171 ships aver- rado aver- rado aver- 212 ( 71) 219 164 For the year 1953 and subsequent years, where there rado 1952.------age 1 age I age ' 1953.------234 ( 64) 251 147 were less than 25 cases terminated after trial, a median 1954.------161 138 170 is listed with an asterisk (*) on the basis of the number ------1955.------149 184 135 of cases terminated after trial for the last 2 years, pro vided there were 25 such cases for the 2 years. 195L•••• 1 70 39 34 28 36 11 1956.------142 187 90 1952 ______1 85 40 39 27 46 13 1957------136 147 79 1953 ______1 65 44 36 29 29 15 1st 3 quarters 1958 •• 148 110 117 TABLE 5.-Cases commenced per judgeship in 1954 ______2 43 40 14 25 29 15 Crim.inal cases: 2 1955 ______this district and in 86 districts by nature 2 56 41 30 26 26 15 1941.------147 158 30 1956 ______2 59 43 32 29 27 14 256 228 58 of suit, fiscal year 1956 52 22 27 30 13 i~~ = ::::::::::::::: 315 289 84 1957------2 40 1944.------495 423 156 1945.------352 353 155 Civil cases Colo- 86 1 This column includes 86 districts. 234 293 96 1946.------rado districts TABLE 7.-CiviZ cases pending per judgeship 1947------307 327 68 1948.------313 299 51 on June 30, 19$6 1949.------270 272 39 173 225 411 359 45 Total cases . • ------1950.------United States rases------71 90 Cases pending per 1951.------375 348 56 Private cases .• ------102 135 1952.------453 379 100 judgeship 1953.------389 367 109 Nature of suit 1954.------448 387 137 1955.------384 387 118 Colo- 86 dis Colorado National 1956.------362 382 90 rado tri~ts average 1957------319 321 67 1st 3 quarters 1958 •• 304 237 104 United States cases: Total civil cases------159 235 United States plaintiff______55 73 United States civll cases------45 74 Land condemnation ______1 Price and rent control cases are in parentheses. Price 2 4 Private civil cases------114 162 and rent control cases are separately listed from 1943 to Fair Labor Standards Act ____ _ 4 2 United States plaintiff.------27 46 Other enforcement suits______2 2 Land condemnation______6 14 1953. In many of these years they constituted a large Food and Drug Act______proportion of all civil cases commenced, although they 8 4 Antitrust. __ ------···--- required on the average a relatively small proportion of 1 2 Other enforcement suits______1 5 ~~ TABLE 7.-Civil cases pending per judgeship Colorado has shown the 6th · most ALASKAN STATEHOOD AN EVENT OF on June 30, 1956-Continued rapid increase, as compared with 15th SYMBOLISM IN FORWARD MARCH place between 1940 and 1950. In 1940 OF THE UNITED STATES Cases pending per the population of Colorado was 1,120,000. Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, judgeship In 1950 the population was 1,612,000. Nature of suit one of the most stirring and exhilarating These are all Bureau of Census figures. events of our era has been the passage Colorado National It is now officially estimated to be average of the bill providing for the admission 1,800,000. of Alaska as the 49th State of the Union. The gain in Denver, the capital city, United States defendant...... 19 2 Writer.s of varying personal views have Tort Claims Act______3 ~ was 23.1 percent between 1950 and 1957. been enthused and moved by the sym 8 There are only five other cities in the bolism and drama of what has occurred. Federal6f~~~t~~~== question__== =_====__ __==__======______24~ ~ United States which have had a greater In the Washington Evening .Star for Antitrust __ ------3 2 rate of growth. The Denver metropoli July 2, 1958, were published two thought ~ tan population is now officially estimated ful and exciting columns about the ad Jonesj~if~~ Act-t~~~= __ __=====______======__ =_=__==__= ------~ 16 to be in excess of 800,000. and no doubt mission of Alaska to statehood. One, by ~t~~~~:::::: : ::::::::: :: :: :: :: 1~ 1 ~ will be a million within a short time. the noted commentator, William S. Diversity of citizenship.------90 98 Mr. President, in conclusion I should White, predicted that Alaska would be Insurance_------8 u like to say that I have been assur-ed by Other contracts. _------2-5 2 come a notable addition to the political Real pr ope rty------~--- 10 g both of our judges, who are very excel- economy of the Pacific Northwest. The Personal injury (motor vehicle) 28 34 lent and learned judges, and who are P ersonal injury (other)______12 2 other, by David Lawrence, the editor of Other diversity______8 ~ hard-working men on the bench, that if U. S. News & World Report, heralded the Admiralty __ ------20 we get an additional judge our judges resources and industrial potential of the will have the authority and will sit out new State. AGE OF CIVIL CASES PENDING ON JUNE 30, 1956 side of the city of Denver. In a State I feel, with William S. White an-d David as large -as Colorado, where we have only Lawrence, that this historic event will Age of civil cases pending one judicial district, many people are have profound effects f.ar beyond its .sb.O required to resort for justice to the Fed seemingly intrinsic importance-and ..., !7.1 co ..o ... 'g eral courts. When there ar-e not suffi that men and women everywhere will Jurisdiction Qv.> +>GO ~ ~ <0 ..0 J:l • 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13017 TH~ SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRA· Congressman HILL, in commenting on the then the Congress has responded with TION MADE PERMANENT overwhelming vote on the passage of small necessary changes in our legislation on business legislation in the House last year, the basis of which this Government has Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani said, "The studies and recommendations of Subcommittee No. 2 of the House Small Bus just concluded an agreement with the mous consent to address the House for 1 Government of the United Kingdom minute. iness Committee laid a firm foundation for the consideration by the House Committee which provides the framework for closer The SPEAKER. Is there objection to on Banking and Currency of legislation giv cooperation on uses of atomic energy for the request of the gentleman from ing the Small Business Administration a per mutual defense purposes. Colorado? manent agency status and, of course, final Pursuant to that legislation I am sub There was no objection. passage by the House. Members of Subcom mitting to each House of the Congress an Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, the occasion mittee No. 2 of the House Small Business authoritative copy of the agreement. I of the passage of H. R. 7963 the Senate, Committee are its able chairman, ABRAHAM J. MULTER, Democrat of New York; Hon. SIDNEY am also transmitting a copy of the Sec on July 1, 1958, is one of which I de R. YATES, Democrat of Illinois; Hon. TOM retary of State's letter accompanying sire to take particular note. This is be STEED, Democrat of Oklahoma; Hon. R. WAL authoritative copies of the signed agree cause the Senate in its wisdom has joined TER RIEHLMAN, Republican of New York; and ment, a copy of a joint letter from the with the House in the creation of a per Hon. HoRAcE SEELY-BROWN, JR., Republican Chairman of the Atomic Energy Com manent, independent agency for small of Connecticut. In my opinion the members mission and the Secretary of Defense business-the Small Business ~dminis of Subcommittee No. 2 by their unflagging recommending my approval of this tration. efforts on behalf of a permanent small busi ness agency have performed a service to small agreement and a copy of my memo I desire at this time to include a press business which will never be forgotten. randum in reply thereto setting forth release concerning the Small i3usiness "I believe that the legislation which gives my approval. Administration which I issued yesterday, the Small Business Administration the status DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. July 2, 1958: of a permanent and independent small busi THE WHITE HOUSE, July 3, 1958. Congressman WILLIAM S. HILL, Republican ness agency is a noteworthy culmination of of Colorado, today voiced his great satisfac our efforts over the past 5 years. The Small Business Administration has already demon tion with the action of the United States WE'VE GONE TOO FAR Senate making the Small Business Admin strated that it can act as an effective spokes istration a permanent agency of the Federal man for small business within the executive The SPEAKER. Under the previous Government. ''This is a great victory for branch of the Government. It has also dem order of the House the gentleman from small business," Mr. HILL said, "and small onstrated through the assistance which it West Virginia [Mr. BYRD] is recognized business will now have the assurance that its has rendered small business in solving their for 5 minutes. spokesman in the Federal Government will financial, procurement, and management problems the great need there is for such Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani become increasingly effective as time goes mous consent to revise and extend my on." Congressman HILL is the ranking Re programs within the Federal Government. publican member and a former chairman of There is no doubt that as a permanent remarks and include a newspaper article. the Select Committee on Small Business of agency the Small Business Administration The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the House of Representatives. will be even more successful in providing the the request of the gentleman from Final passage of the House bill came yes help small businesses need in this present West Virginia? terday after the Senate had voted 55 to 26 day economy which is so strongly influenced There was no objection. to accept the amendment of Senator EDwARD by Government spending and where civilian Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, before Con· J. THYE, Republican of Minnesota, which markets are increasingly competitive." gress adjourns for the Independence Day made the Small Business Administration a weekend, I should like to include in the permanent agency. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an editorial Which The House of Representatives had pre ATOMIC ENERGY AGREEMENT WITH I hope will be carefully perused by every viously passed on June 25, 1957, a bill, H. R. UNITED KINGDOM-MESSAGE 7963, making -the Small Business Adminis Member of the House and Senate. Its tration a permanent agency by a vote of FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE contents are of great interest to those of 392 to 2. UNITED STATES us who will be going back to areas where "In 1953, during the Republican 83d Con The SPEAKER laid before the House considerable unemployment and eco gress," Mr. HILL said, "I introduced legisla the following message from the Presi nomic distress prevail. tion which established the Small Business dent of the United States, which was We've Gone Too Far, published in the Administration. This legislation was adopted 26, by the 83d Congress with little or no opposi read and, together with the accompany Wheeling Intelligencer of June is a tion. ing papers, referred to the Committee keen analysis of the foreign-trade prob "Experience convinced me that the small on Atomic Energy: lem as it affects the west~rn panhandle business sector of our economy was entitled area of West Virginia and its surround to and should have an agency permanently To the Congress of the United States: ing communities. The editorial em established in the executive branch of the It has become manifestly clear of late phasizes the detrimental impact of ex· Government. In both the 84th and 85th that the countries of the Free World cessive imports on our chinaware, earth Congresses I put this conviction into action must, for their collective defense and mu enware, and glassware factories; it goes by introducing on the very first day of each without saying that the same principle Congress bills designed to make the Small tual help, endeavor to combine their re Business Administration a permanent and in sources and share the large tasks that is also applicable in the case of the coal, dependent agency of the Federal Government. confront us. This is particularly true in clothespin, chemical, and other indus In the 85th Congress the idea of a permanent the field of scientific research and de tries that are being subjected to unfair agency for small business was strongly en velopment in support of greater collective competition from countries where wages endorsed by President Eisenhower. security, notably in the field of military and standards of living are exceptionally "Senator THYE, who is the ranking Repub applications of atomic energy. Close low. lican Member and former chairman of the For the RECORD I should like to list Senate Small Business Committee, has been collaboration between scientists and en an able advocate of the small business point gineers of the United States and the briefly some of the comparative wage of view during his entire service in the Sen United Kingdom during World War II scales in countries whence so much of ate. Senator THYE has been particularly proved most fruitful. this competition originates. The Bu effective in his support of legislation to assist The Free World again faces a similar reau of Labor Statistics, United States small business and sponsored the Small Busi challenge which the free nations can Department of Labor, has reported ness Act in the Senate in the 83d Congress. average hourly earnings in industrial oc I warmly congratulate and highly commend most effectively meet by cooperating with cupations in the United States at $2.08. the distinguished senior Senator from Min one another in genuine partnership. I In Belgium the figure is 56 cents, West nesota for proposing the amendment adopted pointed out to the Congress earlier this Germany 55 cents, and in Japan 22 by the Senate yesterday giving permanent ·year that it was "wasteful in the extreme status to the Small Business Administration. cents. The average weekly wages in I am confident that the small businesses for friendly allies to consume talent and manufacturing-last available compara throughout the length and breadth of our money in solving problems that their tive statistics-amount to $80.19 in the country will voice their appreciation for friends have already solved-all because United States, $25.57 in Belgium, $24.88 Sen ator THYE 's timely action." of artificial barriers to sharing." Since in West Germany, and $11.86 in Japan. / 13018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 9 Let me add that, in order to obtain even West Virginia's min1ng force alone has that are important to businesses 1n both been so hard-hit by residual oil imports West Virginia and Ohio. But the volume this much income, the Belgian worker and the nature of these exports raises the must put in 48 hours per week as com over the past 10 years that the buying question, "What 1s Japan doing with the pared to 40% hours in the United States. power of the miner-as well as of the merchandise it imports?'~ The bulk Qf Ja The West German worker must also railroader whose job is taken away by pan's purchases are industrial goods used for work 48 hours, and the Japanese worker the loss of coal traffic-has been ser the manufacture of .other goods. As the must work .50.2 hours. iously reduced or has disappeared en island country's productive potential in The list of discrepancies between tirely. It is my fervent hope that the creases, will Japanese consumption keep wages in the United States and those in Senate will amend the Reciprocal Trade pace? Apparently not. Life reported that Agreements Act to include a mandatory the export of Japanese chinaware to the other countries covers every industry and United States since 1950 has about doubled; business. Who in this country is willing limit on residual oil imports, and that it that its export of earthenware has gone up to sacrifice our high wages for the sake will make whatever other adjustments eight times, "Japan Buys American" says of an expanded interchange of goods are necessary to return the job oppor the country's export trade must rise inevi among the nations of the world? Yet tunities of employees in the pottery, tably. Is American industry providing the without proper protection against glassware, and other industries in West tools, which, coupled with sub-United States cheaply-produced foreign goods, such a Virginia and throughout the Nation. A production costs, will allow Japan to under sensible tariff or quota restriction on sell American industry? It already has as deterioration is inevitable. witness the decline of the Ohio Valley's The Intelligencer article very wisely excessive imports will not close the doors chinaware and earthenware industry. mentions that Japan is buying American of foreign markets to our exports. The No student of the growth of America can equipment that will eventually permit countries abroad will continue to buy reasonably deny that exports have been, and her to increase her shipments of low what they need fro~ us, and certainly today are, all-important to this country's priced goods to this country. I also call we shall continue to purchase vast economy. And, conversely, it is axiomatic your attention to the fact that during amounts of foreign-produced materials. that countries which buy American must sell the postwar reconstruction period Our only qualification will be to pro American if they are to have the dollars with hibit imports of those goods which are which to keep up the trade. Allowing these and under continuance of the mutual truths, the question of reciprocal foreign aid program-we have given and are directly responsible for unemployment trade then becomes a matter of degree. To continuing to give the most modern ma and hardship in our own America. what degree of tariff reduction must we go to chines to foreign countries. We have Other countries do not fail to utilize admit foreign products which are competi sent and are continuing to send abroad quotas for the protection of their own tive with our own? To what degree must we whatever number of technicians are re industries. I think that reciprocal trade be wllling to sacrifice American businessmen, quired to teach our friends how to op is basically good, but I do believe that particularly small businessmen, on the altar erate these machines. We have also ar we should not hesitate to provide some of foreign trade? The Ohio Valley's idle safeguards in the legislation for the pro chinaware, earthenware, and glassware fac ranged for management and labor tories bear mute testimony to the fact that teams to come to the United States to tection of our own industries and the already we have gone too far. study our production methods. people who work for them. The machines which we have installed The editorial follows: in foreign plants can be operated there WE'VE GoNE Too FAR INTERIM AUTHORITY TO THE with the same degree of efficiency There has been a concerted effort of late to SPEAKER achieved here, and the cost of the end convince America that foreign trade is vital product may depend entirely upon the to the economic well-being of this country. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask wage differential. The same holds true Speeches, meetings, hearings, floods of mail unanimous consent that notwithstand in the case of most of the modern ma and other forms of communication have been ing the adjournment of the House until used at this time when extension of the Monday next it may be in order for the chinery designed and manufactured Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act is under abroad, for the American seller has no consideration in the Congress. The sub Clerk to receive messages from the Sen monopoly on research and development. stance of the outpouring is that America, in ate and the Speaker be authorized to sign There is no question but that a vig order to continue its vital export trade, must any enrolled bills and joint resolutions orous foreign business is mutually ad make it possible for buyers abroad to sell duly passed by the two Houses and found vantageous. The extent to which we their products here. Reciprocal trade, pro truly enrolled. admit alien products, however, should ponents of the extension measure insist, not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to depend, to some extent, at least, upon only helps this country businesswise but is a the request of the gentleman from Okla factor in keeping our allies out o! the Soviet homa? the welfare of the people. of the United camp. The proextension forces point darkly States. We should be unwilling to con to growing Russian participation in reciprocal There was no objection. tinue a policy based on what is most trade and warn that we may be someday shut advantageous to those abroad. It is in out of foreign markets if we fall to act now. cumbent upon Congress to protect the We think they protesteth too much. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED American worker so that dangerously Within the past 2 weeks an article in a By unanimous consent, permission to high volumes of unemployment currently nationally distributed magazine and a pam phlet mailed to editors across the country address the House, following the legisla plaguing our populace will be reduced have been added to the mounting stacks of tive program and any special orders as quickly as possible. The free-trade documentation of the benefits of foreign heretofore entered, was granted to Mr. theorists point out that the Japanese and trade. Both dealt with our trade with Japan. BYRD, for 5 minutes, today. other foreign nations buy our products Life magazine centered on Steubenville and when they are in turn permitted to sell pointed out that Japan, while its pottery in our markets. I remind you that the exports were seriously damaging sales of Ohio EXTENSION OF REMARKS people in West Virginia will buy Ameri Valley pottery in the United States, actually By unanimous consent, permission to if spent more than its exports netted for other can-produced commodities they have products produced in the valley. Japan Buys extend remarks in the RECORD, or tore the wherewithal to do so. One hears American, a pamphlet published by the vise and extend remarks, was granted to: about the necessity of selling our prod United States-Japan Trade Council, said sub Mr. AsPINALL to include an address ucts to the rest of the world; let me say stantially the same thing. The council re by Han. CARL T. DURHAM, of North Caro that there are thousands of homes in ported Japan imported $23.1 million of West lina. West Virginia in need· of new refriger Virginia products-$17 million of coal, $4 Mr. FLooD EXT.ENSIONS OF REMARKS my friend Dee Cooper does in Montana with funds would permit us to have small classes Education Legislatioa a numerically limited but a highly able and in well-equipped buildings. More money efficient staff. would permit us to pay wages on a profes There is no question in my mind that the sional basis and compensate men and women EXTENSION OF REMARKS in accordance with their responsibilities. 011' NEA as an entity is a most successful organ ization. I realize that seeking proper na There are other problems connected with the HON. JAMES E. MURRAY tional legislation is only one of the respon improvement of American education that sibilities which your organization has. you professionals are going to have to meet, OF MONTANA Teacher welfare, defense of academic freedom but given the money ·to do it they can be IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and of individual teachers, leadership in cur solved. Thursday, July 3, 1958 riculum development, improvement in teach Lots more dollars are being spent on educa er education-all these are major responsi tion today than have been spent in the past. Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, last bilities of the NEA which are recognized as But we are educating lots more boys and Saturday my distinguished colleague proper concerns of the organized teacher pro girls so that since 1930 the relationship of ex from Montana's First Congressional Dis fession. I am grateful to you for the re penditures for education has remained at a trict, the Honorable LEE METCALF, clos markable record tlie NEA has made and will constant figure of about 3Y2 percent of our continue to make in these important areas. gross national product. Actually we are eted himself in his office and typed out I am grateful too, for the assistance I have spending less today per pupil than we spent his thoughts on education legislation. received from your legislative and research in 1930. On Monday he delivered his speech be divisions in my work on the Committee on Traditionally the money to support our fore the convention of the National Edu Education and Labor. schools comes from local sources. In recent cation Association in Cleveland. The educators of America have made a years the States have stepped in and pro I believe his is one of the most excel. magnificent contribution to the growth of vided equalization funds for operation and lent statements on the subject I have this Nation. Between 1870 and 1955, while maintenance or for construction, or both. our population was increasing four times, our But essentially school financing has relied ever read. public school attendance increased 80 times. upon the tax base of the State and local Mr. President, I ask unanimous con From 1900 to 1955 the population of America taxing units. Primarily that is a property sent to have Representative METCALF's nearly doubled, but t:Qe number of college tax. The property tax is not a flexible tax, speech printed in the REcoRD. graduates multiplied 11 times and the num and many States and local communities are There being no objection, the speech ber of doctoral degrees 22 times. We have reluctant to impose too great a tax for fear was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, twice as many teachers as we had in 1910 but of driving out industry. Also certain real as follows: we require 10 times as many college teachers property such as family dwellings are not in as we did 50 years ago. Today 43 million come producing and therefore not a good Few people would envy my assignment Americans are attending school-almost 1 out tax source. But, as Senator MURRAY, the today. It is . hard enough to address any of every 4 people in this country-and 2 mil cosponsor of the Murray-Metcalf bill said in a audience. It is frightening--even to a poli lion Americans are teaching them in more speech on the Senate floor the other day tician-to address an audience composed of than 150,000 institutions. At the same time ·"Each child is a citizen, not only of the locai some of the best public speakers in America, while we have been increasing the quantity community and of his State, but of the and to discuss the problems of education of education we have also been increasing United States as -well, and each segment of with a group which is better informed about the quality. More than anything else our government has a continuing responsibility those problems than any other group any American educational system is carrying out for him." So there is a Federal responsibil1ty where. the American dream of equality of oppor for education. And, in spite of the protests But I shall try to carry out my assignment tunity. of the national chamber of commerce, there and I'm not frightened by all these teachers. Some of this interest in education and is sound precedent for Federal assistance to Perhaps I am fortunate that I have never had especially in higher education is due to our the States and local school districts for edu a teacher who frightened me. Perhaps some recent years of prosperity, some to the GI cational needs at all levels. of my colleagues were not so fortunate and bill which permitted thousands of ex-service I am indebted to one of the witnesses from today they are venting their spleen on pu'blic men and women, who otherwise would have the chamber of commerce for a figure of 81 e WASTE DISPOSAL And finally, what sort of research-and the control of radiation and the differing degrees of interest reflected in t:Qe Federal Another source of radiation which will be development program should be pursuecl further in order to improve our technical Government and in State capitals. While come increasingly important as our atomic it would be premature to say that every power program progresses is that of so-called .knowledge and help our search for solutions? The hearings on industrial radioactive State should adopt identical statutory lan atomic waste. Radioactive waste materials guage to provide for controls on radiation are formed in all stages of atomic-energy waste disposal problems should be helpful and I hope that the many members of your activities, I do think that it would be un operations, including uranium mining and fortunate if we should find ourselves 10 milling facilities, in feed materials, plants, organization will follow them with some interest. years hence with 48 different laws and with in reactor operations, and in plants to re no adequate means of dealing with atomic process the spent fuel elements. Some of EMPLOYEE RADIATION HAZARDS AND WORKMEN'S radiation problems which might well cross these waste materials are highly radioactive COMPENSATION over State boundaries. At the moment, of and contain isotopes with very long lives. A third problem which we are going to be course, few States do have comprehensive The extent of the hazards from these radio faced with as we progress further into the legislation in this field and I hope that active wastes is still undetermined, and the peacetime development of atomic energy is meetings such as the one we are attending Special Subcommittee on Radiation of the the question of employee radiation hazards today will serve the useful purpose of fo Joint Committee has planned some public and workmen's compensation. This is a cusing attention on the need for the States hearings on industrial radioactive-waste-dis matter of considerable interest to the Joint to do some really hard thinking about this posal problems. These hearings had orig Committee and we did at one time have ten problem. inally been scheduled to be held beginning tative plans for holding public hearings on Discussion of these matters inevitably late last month, and several preparatory the subject next month. However, as I men meetings had taken place with an advisory leads into questions involving the legal im tioned previously, the delay in receiving the plications of employee radiation injury or panel of experts. But because of delay in AEC 1959 authorization bill has caused a receipt of the proposed AEC fiscal year 1959 disability and workmen's compensation. crowding in the committee's schedule and it The committee will be considering, in this authorization bill and the necessary hear has been decided to postpone these public ings on that bill, the waste-disposal hearings regard, the general medical-legal implica hearings until early in the next session. I tions of occupational accidents and injuries, have been postponed, and are now tentatively hope that in the interim both the com planned to be held in the latter part of June including coverage, determination of what mittee and the AEC, together with probable an injury actually -is, the wage loss theory 1958. However, the outline of the hearings participants in the hearings, will have a bet is fairly firm, and will cover the following and the complex question of the statute of ter opportunity to prepare for an intelligent limitations in cases of radiation injury. subjects: discussion of these complex matters. To this 1. Nature of radioactive wastes, including As part of this discussion the committee end, the committee has asked the AEC to will pro'bably consider existing laws and prac sources, quantities, and characteristics; prepare a report for submission by January 1 2. Waste management operations, includ of next year. It is probable that this report tices and the experience which the AEC has ing existing operational methods and pro will serve, at least in part, as a basis for the had through its contract operations. We will also get into the question of what role private cedures utilized in the collection, handling, hearings. processing, and disposal of waste materials; Among the topics to be discussed at the insurance carriers play under these contract 3. The-waste-disposal research and devel hearings will be standards governing radia operations. opment program, including methods of tion exposures and their historical develop We will also, of course, consider in some ground disposal, disposal at sea, fixation, and ment over the years. Much of this history, detail the workmen's compensation laws of separation of specific long-lived isotopes; of course, will cover the experience which the various States and how private insurance 4. Future estimates and economics of we have had with handling radium and carriers fit into this picture. Since most waste disposal, including information of the medical uses of X-rays. Such a review will workmen's compensation laws are covered by possible effects of future quantities of radio be useful in terms of-setting the background State statutes, the bulk of the experience active wastes on man and his environment; for a discussion on atomic radiation prob with operation of these laws is, of course, in - 5. Administrative and policy aspects, in lems and safety measures in the atomic field. the States and we shall hope to profit from cluding legal, regulatory, - and the role of We are to hear testimony on the origin their experience. There are a few Federal Federal-State agencies; and nature of industria'! hazards and radia compensation statutes covering specialized 6. And, finally, industrial and interna tion injuries, including the sources of such employees, such as longshoremen, and we tional aspects of the waste-disposal problems. injuries, such as reactors and isotopes, and shall naturally be interested in how they The Joint Committee hopes that these including such things as mining, milling, have operated. hearings will contribute to the knowledge of and processing. We will then dwell briefly Finally, the committee will probably want our committee, the Congress, and the public on the kinds of injury which can be ex to deal briefly with some of the proposed and that a record will be made similar to that pected and will receive testimony from laws and practices including inadequacies of of the hearings by the Special Subcommit experts in the medical profession on this present laws and regulations, recommended tee-last year-on the Nature of Radioactive point. State action, and proposals for Federal ac Fallout and Its -Effects on Mali. The same Perhaps the most useful part of the hear tion. I would expect, in this connection, procedures will be followed, in that we are ing will occur when we take specific ex that there would be some discussion of sug requesting that the testimony be presented amples of industrial experience at individual gestions for the establishment of Federal in a form understandable to the layman. At installations and analyze them in some de standards and means of compliance with the the same time, qualified witnesses are being tail. Thus we expect to have people from standards. encouraged to include in the record tech different kinds of installations, both AEC ROLE OF THE STATES nical reports to describe their subjects com and private, come in and tell us the types pletely. In addition, there will be questions of problems which they face on a day-to-day I come now to the respective roles which from the committee members and staff, and basis and the types of measures they are our State and Federal Governments might round-table discussions at the end of each employing to maximize worker safety. play in regulating and assisting our grow morning, in which the various technical ex These include physical and personnel pro ing atomic-energy industry. perts will sit around the table and discuss tective measures, such as shielding, special Originally, of course, the Federal Govern with the committee members some of the clothing, gloves, periodical medical check ment assumed the complete responsibility in major prob.lems. This seminar technique ups, etc. They also include such things as this field, since our atomic-energy program proved particularly valuable and productive instrumentation and monitoring of radia was born during World War II and was large at last year's fallout hearings. tion levels within facilities and local ad ly concerned with military necessities. As a result of these waste-disposal hear ministrative controls, including frequent in Then, after the amendment of the Atomic ings we hope that the record will enable spection, monitoring of personnel and Energy Act in 1954 which made possible pri us to approach more intelligently some of the health physics. We also hope to cover the vate ownership and operation of atomic re tough questions in this field which lie ahead, types of education and training programs actors, the AEC assumed certain licensing such as: which have been adopted in these instal functions and passed upon the safety design · What will be the quantity accumulation lations and receive suggestions on how to features of each proposed facility. This was of radioactive-waste materials over the next create a greater sense of alertness to danger only proper, in view of the 10 years' experi 10, 20, or 50 years? on the part of employees working in the ence of the AEC with large reactors at Han How great a hazard to the public will these installations. ford, and subsequently in Savannah River radioactive-waste materials create? At that point we might logically go into and other AEC laboratories and installations. What sort of safety devices and procedures a discussion of current Federal and State It should be emphasized, and I would like should be used? activities with regard to employee radiation to say here again, that the AEC -has had a Will the problem of radioactive-waste protection. These activities include licens very, very good safety record in controlling materials be a damper or a limitation on our ing provisions, inspection and enforcement radiation hazards, and we have had very few atomic-power program or the other increas of safety. Quite n.aturaliy the conduct of atomic energy accidents,_considering the size, ing peaceful uses of atomic energy? these activities among the AEC and other scope, and varied activities of the atomic What means are there for recovering use Federal agencies and among the States will energy program. ful materials from waste products for appli vary somewhat from case to case. This is The Federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954 cations in the medical, biological, and other only natural in view of the differing ap specifies certain types of licenses which the fields? proaches in various parts of the country to AEC has authority to grant, and the AEC 13026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 3 regulations under the act spell out certain to millions of people in this country and to undercut the best and most worthy argu minimum standards of protection against throughout the world. I am .referring, of ments on behalf of continued testing. On radiation, and procedures for submitting course, to the question of radioactive fallout the other hand, many of those who argue so technical information In order to obtain a from nuclear-weapons tests and the effect vociferously for immediate cessation of tests construction permit and later an operating which such fallout is having on the human fall prey to the same type of pitfall and license. race. Closely associated with this problem is actually tend to undermine their own case. Now, let us look at the other side- of the the question which has been very much in In this latter category, there is reason to coin. There is, of course, an increasing in the public eye for the past several months believe that some people at least, are far terest in the various State Governments con of whether or not the United States should .more fearful of what tbey consider to be the cerning the peaceful uses of atomic energy, cease, or at least limit, its nuclear-weapons war-creating potential of continued testing as radioisotopes are now being used through tests. than they are of the effects of fallout. But out our 48 States, and atomic power reactors As many of you probably know, the Joint they are aware of the highly emotional are being built or planned in Illinois, Minne Committee has been concerned for some time aspects of the fallout question and are utiliz sota, Nebraska, Ohio, Massachusetts, Penn over the fallout question and conducted the ing public concern over this issue to drive sylvania, Florida, California, and in my own extensive series of public hearings last spring home their point about stopping current backyard, at Parr-Shoals, S. C. Naturally, on this subject, to which I have already re tests as a part of the weapons race. the States, with their traditional concern for ferred. I would like to read a few paragraphs What I would like to do now is to suggest the health and safety of their citizens, feel from. the summary analysis of these hearings a few approaches for your consideration that they must also know something of these which was issued by the committee last Au which might prove fruitful in our quest projects and satisfy themselves that they gust. As to the effects of past tests, the for some means of alleviating present dif are safe, and that they do not endanger the analysis noted, and I quote: ferences of opinion on the matter and achiev health and safety of persons living nearby. "It was clearly shown by the testimony ing a workable international agreement. Now, as to the respective roles of the States presented to the committee that man's ex These are essentially attempts to find a and the Federal Government, we come across posure to fallout radiation, including stron middle ground on which agreement can be some knotty questions: tium 90, is and will be generally small, for based. the testing already done, compared with his I think I can say that all of us are sin Can the States set up safety standards exposure to other normal background sources cerely looking toward the day when an ef which are even more stringent than those of radiation and • • • even compared with fective international agreement can be already required by the AEC? variations in normal background sources. reached on disarmament between the free If so, would this impose an unreasonable But it was not agreed among the participat world and the Soviet bloc nations. Up until burden upon the reactor manufacturer or ing scientists on how this information should recently the Administration has taken the the operator who has already gone through be interpreted." position that weapons testing is an integral a long procedure with AEC? As to the effects of future tests, the analysis part of any disarmament agreement and Or, has the Federal Government, as the noted, and I quote: that it should be considered inseparable lawyers would say, "preempted the :field" "There were differences of opinion on how from the overall disarmament question. so that. any State laws or regulations which to forecast the consequences of further test However, I think it is becoming clear that con:fiict with the Federal standards and laws ing. The differences hardest to reconcile there is room for effective international might be· ineffective? One suggestion which seemed to be those concerning the biological negotiation on the bomb test issue alone has been made, in this regard, is that AEC effects of radiation. Pending a resolution of which could result in some form of construc set the standards and be given the authority these differences, it would appear from the tive agreement short of a general disarma to delegate responsibility for their enforce information presented that the consequences ment agreement. This is a possibility we ment to the States. of further testing over the next several gen should explore to the fullest, not only from Coming to the role of the Joint Commit erations, at the level of testing of the past our own point of view but from the point tee--should the Atomic Energy Act be 5 years, could constitute a hazard to the of view of regaining the initiative with the amended to clarify the respective roles of the world's population. It is very difficult, if rest of the world. States and Federal Government, or to per not impossible, to forecast with any real pre All of us, quite naturally, would oppose mit the States to assume more regulatory cision the number of people that would be any international agreement on testing responsibility in this field? affected." which would endanger the national secu On the other hand, are the States ready to Despite differences of opinion on many of rity and weaken the resources of the Free assume responsibility, and do they have suf the major issues discussed at the hearings, World relative to the Communist world. On ficient numbers of qualified technical per there was strong agreement among the wit the other hand, it seems to me that there sonnel to pass on difficult questions of radi nesses that greater efforts and large budget may be a useful area to explore; namely, ation hazards from specific designs? ary outlays, both private and Government, agreement on limitation of the amount of For my own feelings at this time, I hope will be required for our research program in fissionable material which is deposited in that the AEC is doing everything possible to the sciences related to fallout. Such research the atmosphere by nuclear weapons tests. work closely with the States, and to help is apparently going to be necessary if we are Such agreement would be an important first train their personnel, and include them in to accomplish our objectives of achieving a step toward the ultimate cessation of tests the inspection and regulatory aspects of better understanding of this difficult and and would serve the vital purpose of cutting these new reactor pr0jects. As the State complex problem. _ down on the amount of radioactive contami governments become more and more quali I am glad to note in this regard that the nation of the world's atmosphere. fied, they should b3 encouraged to take on AEC has asked for an additional $2 million A second approach which might be worth some of the regulatory responsibility. in its 1959 budget for construction of new exploring is a possible international agree The Joint Committee had previously facilities to assist in this research. I an ment on limiting nuclear weapons tests to hoped to be able to hold some hearings this ticipate that this and other aspects of the underground shots, thus preventing atmos year on the Federal-State regulatory rela fallout problem will be the subject of a pheric contamination altogether. This could, tionships in the atomic-energy field, but due second series of hearings by the Joint Com of course, impose severe limitations on the to our heavy schedule of work in the re- mittee later in the present session of Con size of weapons which could be tested and mainder of the session it seems advisable to gress. These hearings will be devoted pri could also prevent the effective testing of postpone these hearings until next year. In marily to finding out what progress has been certain defensive weapons devices. It would, the meantime, after Congress adjourns this made since our hearings last year with re however, avoid the necessity for abandoning summer (and I hope that it will be early gard to the research program and to dis altogether the possibility of testing smaller even though I have no opponent in the elec cussion of some of the major questions which tactical weapons and defensive weapons tions in North Carolina in November), I have still remain unresolved. Among these are which may be developed in the future. Instructed the staff of the Joint Committee the question of nonuniformity of strato Of course, any international agreement, to to undertake during the recess a study of the spheric fallout and discussion of predictions be effective, inust rely heavily on an effective problems and the developments, both on the as to effects of future tests, including the means of intern a tional inspection and de Federal and the State levels, in regulating effects of carbon-14. tection. This, as you can gather, is not a simple question but I tend to believe that the peaceful uses of the atom. ~IMITATION OF NUCLEAR-WEAPONS TESTS - I hope, therefore, that next year, after the it is not an insoluble one, either. But the I shall not attempt to present to you this United States and the rest of the Free World eommittee staff study and report, our com evening any definitive proposals for a solu mittee will be able to hold fruitful hearings must make the attempt to work out an ef tion to the question of cessation or limitation fective inspection system and I think the on this subject, and consider possible of nuclear-weapons tests. A great deal has amendments to the Atomic Energy Act. sooner we call the Communists' bluff on this been said about this problem, both in the one, the better. At the very least, we should FALLOUT FROM NUCLEAR-WEAPONS TEST Congress and by the executive branch and in offer to sit down at the table with the So Before concluding my remarks I would like public discussion groups. viets and negotiate seriously on this matter, to touch briefly on another radiation prob Many of the positions taken have been following the completion of our present test lem of national concern. I recognize that it rigid in nature and supporting justification series. · is not directly related to the subject matter has been emotional In tone. Spokesmen for I would like to thank you very much again under discussion this evening, but is, never the continuation of tests have often strayed for inviting me to be with you here this eve theless, a problem of considerable concern into extraneous arguments which have served ning. It has been a great pleasure. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13027 Address by Secretary of the Army at able to be with us today, sent the following river traffic formerly passing through the letter of regrets. Canadian canals will then be diverted Dedication of Eisenhower Lock, St. "I very much regret the inability of Mrs. through the structures which we dedicate Wilson and myself to be present at the open today. Next year, deep-draft vessels will be Lawrence Seaway ing of the United States locks on the St. able to negotiate these facilities, · and enter Lawrence Seaway. The inauguration of sea the Great Lakes. EXTENSION OF REMARKS way navigation is an event to which we have Of course, in passing the Seaway Act of OF all long looked forward-a moment of far 1954, the United States Congress was not reaching significance to the Midwest, to the unmindful of the necessity for deepening to HON. ALEXANDER WILEY United States, and to this continent. The 27 feet those channels of the Great Lakes OF WISCONSIN power works, which I understand are being which will carry the newly introduced deep simultaneously dedicated, are of course draft vessels throughout the lakes, and as IN THE SENAT~ OF THE UNITED STATES among the most magnificent hydroelectric far west as Duluth, Minn. Consequently the Thursday, July 3, 1958 achievements in our history. I am proud to 1956 connecting channels legislation author have been associated as Secretary of Defense ized the Army Corps of Engineers to im Mr. Wn.EY. Mr. President, on yester with the inception of seaway and power con prove-at a cost roughly equal to the United day, I had a very fine experience when struction, and to have seen it through until States seaway costs in the St. Lawrence I tlew up the valley of the St. Lawrence my retirement from that office. River-the balance of the route through the and saw the waters of that river go "I send best wishes to you and to those as Great Lakes to the western end of Lake Su through the wonderful channels which sembled with you at these dedication cere perior. Last year it was my privilege to set have been constructed to harness its monies. It is a historic moment for the Great off the first underwater blast signaling the Lakes-St. Lawrence region, and I congratu commencement of work in the Amherstburg power. late all who have participated in this magnif Channel of the Detroit River, and that sig The Honorable Wilber M. Brucker, the icent achievement. nificant connecting channel's work is moving Secretary of the Army, was present to "Sincerely yours, forward, under the Corps of Engineers of dedicate the Eisenhower lock on the new "CHARLES E. WILSON." the Army. seaway, and delivered a very fine address. Credit for the success of this first stage When all improvement dredging for the I ask unanimous consent that it be belongs largely to men of vision, such as Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterway is com printed in the RECORD. Senator Alexander Wiley, former Congress plete, Canada and the United States will then There being no objection, the address man George Dondero, Lewis Castle, and a host have a land-protected navigation route lead of others, some of whom are here today with ing over 2,300 miles from the Atlantic Ocean was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, up the St. Lawrence River and through the as follows: me on this platform, and whose tireless ener gies were there expended in promoting the Great Lakes to Duluth, Minn. It will carry REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE WILBER M. legislation and steering it through the Sen not only the commerce of peace, but, if nec BRUCKER, SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, EISEN• ate, and to the ultimate signature by the essary, the sinews of war. Its use for the HOWER LOCK DEDICATION, ST. LAWRENCE transportation of the iron ore, steel, and SEAWAY, MASSENA, N.Y., JULY 2, 1958 President. Thereafter, in accordance with legislative fabricated weapons required for the defense It seems but a very short time ago that direction, the navigation and power projects, of this continent and our allies would re the President of the United States placed as described in the joint Canadian and duce by 1,000 miles the present open-sea his signature upon the Wiley-Dondero bill United States engineering studies, which had route to the British Isles. on May 13, 1954-authorizing the com received the approval of both of our Govern It is a matter of great significance that mencement of these mighty works which we ments, was undertaken by the four corporate concentrated around the shoreline of the see before us today, and which stretch east entities-2 in the United States and 2 in Great Lakes are factories, raiiroad terminals, ward and westward for many miles beyond Canada-responsible for the actual construc mines, smelters, ports, and population cen- the limits of our vision. It is most fitting tion of these mammoth seaway and power , ters, which, taken together, constitute the that this lock, a key feature in the series of works. Within a few months after the en greatest industrial complex of this hemi 7 locks and 4 bypass canals, should bear the abling seaway legislation had passed our Con sphere. Four-fifths of the smelting capacity name "The Dwight D. Eisenhower lock." gress, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development of our country is located in just one segment As early as the year 1917, legislation was Corporation was a functioning Federal Agen of the Great Lakes area, that which lies introduced in the Congress by that beloved cy, and had engaged the United States Army north of the Ohio River and between the son of New York State, the late Bertrand Corps of Engineers to supervise construction Allegheny Mountains and the Mississippi. H. Snell, of Potsdam, to authorize United on behalf of the Corporation. Shipbuilding and ship-repair facilities for States participation with Canada in the Here today we see before us one of the oceangoing. vessels will become convenient to exploitation of the navigation potential of major structures in completed form on which our Atlantic coast when the seaway is open this great river. For over 35 years the St. throughout its entire length. Iron ore can the Seaway Corporation and our Army En Lawrence Seaway project was debated and gineers have coordinated their efforts during be transported from mine to smelter, from discussed, studied and analyzed in the the last 4 years. And of course, neither this smelter to steel plant, and thereafter from United States and in Canada. Finally, a steel plant to fabricating factory without workable self-liquidating system of financ great lock nor any of the other features of the United States portion of the seaway ever entering upon the open sea. It is too ing was evolved which commended itself to obvious to require further elaboration that our Congress, and the St. Lawrence Seaway would have been possible had it not been for the magnificent cooperation, technical skill, the greatest manufacturing area of this dream became a legislative reality during country will immeasurably benefit from the the first term of President Eisenhower. and friendly assistance provided by the Gov ernment of Canada, the Province of On facilities which we put in operation today The President has sent me the following and because of that regional benefit, all our message for this occasion: tario, and the State of New York, through their respective seaway and power entities. studies lead us to believe that the Nation as "DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Please give my a whole will take great advantage from these greetings to all assembled at the ceremonies The Eisenhower lock and Snell lock to improvements. be dedicated later today, together with the marking the opening of the United States The completion of the St. Lawrence River locks on the Wiley-Dondero Canal of the Wiley-Dondero Canal, constituted the princi pal United States seaway works. The Gov power and navigation projects involves a St. Lawrence Seaway. combined project cost of more than $1 billion. "At this historic moment, it is fitting to ernment of Canada is constructing 5 other locks and 3 bypass canals to the east and Excavation totals are in excess of 210 million pay tribute to those United States and cubic yards of earth and rock removal. Six Canadian leaders whose vision and labors west of us, as well as many highway and bridge structures to modernize the highway million one hundred and ninety-six thou have brought this great achievement into sand cubic yards of . concrete have been being. Together with the progress on the traffic network which crosses this river be• tween our 2 great countries. placed, 42 miles of highway and 35 miles of associated hydroelectric power projects, railroad track have been relocated, and at the these works symbolize the accomplishments Today's dedication would, of course, not peak construction period some 22,000 workers which are possible when two nations co have been set for this specific time had it not were employed on the seaway-power projects operate in peaceful endeavor. been for the fact that one of the greatest in the St. Lawrence Valley. I do not wish to "To those who 11.ave given-and to those power structures in the United States, the overwhelm you with statistics, but it is diffi who are giving-their time and talents to Barnl:_lart Island Power Dam, is now being put cult without knowledge of these stupendous the completion of this splendid enterprise, I in service with the raising of its power pool, figures to grasp the magnitude of the work extend congratulations. To our Canadian which commenced yesterday under supervi which has been accomplished under the di partners, I pledge anew our continued sup sion of the Federal Power Commission and rection of those who are here today on this port in the future development and use of the Joint !Board of Engineers. As that power platform. these international waters. pool rises behind the Barnhart Island Power Those of us who are from the Great Lakes "Sincerely, Dam, and behind the stop logs which cut off area of this country have long realized that "DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER." the former Canadian canal at Cornwall the key to expansion of the industrial might My former chief, Charles E. Wilson, for over across the river from us, huge areas of this and the creative potential of the Great 5 years the Secretary of Defense, who is un- valley will be :flooded out. Shallow draft Lakes Basin is the St. Lawrence Valley. And - 13028_ CONG~'ESSIONift ~CORD~ .HOQSE..- July 3_ we knew as well that our contacts with .for· hesitate j;o pr~ent to you some additional Canada. I look upon tbis seaway and power eign markets-markets for our wheat, fabri· facts and figures representing its size. How•_ project as a magnificent and permanent cated steel, automobiles and trucks, and a ever, my remarks would- -not be complete &:ymbol of what C!'-n be achieved by men _of myriad of other products-could never be· unless I were to remind you that the traffic goodwlll. We who are the fortunate citizens ' successfully established until the St. Law· which will pass through the Great Lakes will of two great nations, can take pride in the rence Rapids were bypasse4 by locks anq s.erve a region whose water surface has an· fact that we have set an example ·to all the canals of sufficient magnitude to accommo· area of 95,000 square miles; that the Great world of ·· peaceful accomplishment in this date fleets of oceangoing vessels. Lakes have a shore line of 8,300 miles, and peacefUl St. Lawrence Valley. During my satisfying association in Wash· that the region constitutes a drailiage area· Anct now, on behalf of_ the :Untted States ington with these magnificent seaway and of 300,000 square miles. Some conception· Gover11ment, I am privileged to. open this power accomplishments, I have many times of the traffic potential through the St. Law- completed St. Lawrence Seaway lock, and to had occasion to compliment the engineers rence Seaway can be gained from figures re· dedicate it as "the Dwight D. Eisenhower whose technical skills have translated the lating to commerce passing through the l<>ek." dream of the explorer, the trader, and later Corps of Engineers locks a.t Sault Ste. Marie,. the businessman, into executed designs and Mich., in 1954, 132 million tons of traffic tra..o blueprints, and finally into physical reality. versed those locks. This incidentally, is twice Tenth Anniversary of the State of Israel I am humbly proud that as Secretary of the as much as the estimated capacity of the new Army I have had the opportunity to see at St. Lawrence .Seaway. The number of ves-_ firsthand the magnificent contributions made sels which can be expected to use the seaway EXTENf:?ION OF REMARKS to this project by the Seaway Corporation, is equally impressive. Taking an example OF whose Administrator, Mr. Lewis Castle, along from my own home city of Detroit, it is esti· with his Deputy, Martin Oettershagen and mated that over 30,000 ships pass through HON. -CtiFFORD P: CASE - the Detroit River during the 8Y2 months of their statl', are with us here today, and also OF NEW JERSEY by the Corps of Engineers, United States the navigation season. . Army. The corps is represented here beside It is evident from these figures that the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES me by the Chief of Engineers, Maj. Gen. E. C. commercial traffic potential-of the navigation Thursday, July 3, 1958 Itschner, as well as his seaway assistants, works we see before us is for all practical Maj. Gen. Charles G. Holle, Maj. Gen. Louis purposes limitless, restricted only by the Mr, CASE _of New Jersey. Mr. Presi J. Rumaggi, and the Buffalo district engi· present and future capacity of the works dent, I ask unan4Jlous consent to have neer, Col. Loren W. Olmstead. themselves to carry the abundance of ships printed in- the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a It is sometimes thought that engineering and goods which wm be offered for transit. significant speech deliver~d by Repre 1s all there is to one of these projects. There The United States Coast Guard will have are, on the other hand, those who consider the honor of furnishing the first vessel tq sentative ROBERT W. KEAN Of the 12th that the political arrangements which pre· transit these facilities. The Coast Guard cut· Congressional District of New· Jersey at cede and accompany construction of an inter ter Maple wlll tomorrow lead a parade of ves a celeqration in Long Branch, N. J., ori national project of this kind are its most sels spearheading the traffic which will be di June 1, marking the lOth anniversary of important feature. We have here today verted from the Canadian canals at Cornwali the State of Israel. Representative larger locks, deeper channels, higher bridges, through the Eisenhower and Snell locks, and KEAN, in his many years of service in the and wider canals than have ever before through the Wiley-Dondero Canal. As we House of Representatives, has been a been seen in the .St. Lawrence Valley. I stand here today, we can visualize the flo· feel sure that a ·magnificent tribute is owing tillas of the future which will pass in ever stalwart friend of the Jewish natiori both to our engineers, and to our legislators increasing numbers through our seaway fa a.nd a stalwart_ supporter of its aspira and the men in high executive positions in c111ties. They will bring with them from the tions. His address is in keeping with his Ottawa and in Washington, in Montreal East the traffic of many lands, the traditions concern for all minority groups, as well and in New York, who solved the political of many far places, the seamen of many na as his desire to .encourage democratic problems which confronted us when this tions. From the West they will carry to for-· nations throughout the world. great project was undertaken. eign markets our manufactured products. - There being no objection, the address As General Counsel of the Defense Depart• our natural resources, and many of the ment in 1954, it was my privilege to be asso crops which our Midwest produces in such was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,; ciated with the Honorable Robert Anderson, abundance. as follows: then Deputy Secretary of Defense, and now On May 28 of last year, at the connecting AnDRESS OF REPRESENTATIVE ROBERT W. KE.AN Secretary of the Treasury, who has consented channels inauguration ceremonies in the De· BEFORE THE LONG BRANCH, N.J., COMMIT to join us today on this platform. I can tell trait River, the Netherlands Ambassador, Dr~ TEE FOR THE CELEBRATION OF THE 10TH AN you that without his skillful negotiations, Van Rotjen, made some most appropriate re· NIVERSARY OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL, LONG infinite patience, and tact this project might marks in which he characterized the seaway BRANCH, N.J., JUNE 1, 1958 well have faltered and stopped before it even and connecting channels projects as "of I am indeed pleased to have been asked tO got under way. It must be remembered that paramount importance to the whole trading meet with you today to celebrate the first at least 10 governmental units, under the world and to the countries of the Western 10 years of the State of Israel. I am particu jurisdiction of four different political com· World in particular." He went on to say: larly happy because the record in the past munities, had to cooperate and coordinate "The Atlantic Ocean is the lifellnk of the 10 years justifies my confidence, my faith, their work in order to achieve the results free Western World. To extend that link to my support as a Member of Congress of that which you see here today. In addition to the the States and Provinces bordering on the valiant young nation. St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corpora Great Lakes can only strengthen this com· It was over a dozen years ago, knowing of tion, a United States Federal agency, these munity of free peoples.'' the great interest of so many of my good works represent also the fruit of the labors It is entirely fitting that this valley should constituents of Essex County in a solution to of the Power Authority of the State of New become an artery ot traffic from many na.: the Palestine question, that I felt it my duty York, the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority of tions, for the history of the St. Lawrence· is to study carefully the problems of that area. Canada, and the Hydroelectric Power Com the history of explorers and men of adven· The Library of Congress furnished me with mission of Ontario. To their efforts were ture, traders, missionaries, and warriors, who a copy of the Balfour Declaration and other added the efforts of still others, including the sought to unlock the secret interior of our papers on the !SUbject. These documents International Joint Commiss.ion and its sub continent long before the days of rail and were studied carefully, for at that time · it sid.iary Joint Board of Control, the Canadian· highway tramc. It was in the year 1534 that was being said there had been no promise United States Joint Board of Engineers, the the explorer Jacques Cartier learned, at the of an independent Jewish nation but merely: Canadian Department of Transport, the site of what is now the city of Montreal, of a refuge for the Jewish people in Arab Pales-· Treasury Department, the Federal Power great inland waters, from his 'Indian guides. tine. Commission, and also the United States Army He also learned that the water route to the After reading and rereading the Balfour Corps of Engineers to which I have already Great Lakes was barred by dangerous rapids. Declaration, no other conclusion could have made reference. Without the engineering,· Today we witness the works which, thanks to been reached but that an independent na the political, the legal, and the financial the ingenuity of t.he engineers who evolved tion had been promised. skills of representatives of all these entities, these seaway locks and bypass canals, over Further, the Congress of the United States these great navigation and power works come these ancient hazards. as early as 1924 had gone on record as favor would never have become a reality. In the We are a part of the current of history. As Ing a Jewish homeland in Palestine. future, as we move into the next phase we participate in these ceremonies, we are With these facts in mind, I determined to commercial exploitation of the seaway-the borne along toward an ever-greater prosper-· support publicly the founding of Israel, and Secretary of Commerce will play an increas 1ty, and an ever more secure peace, depend have since supported its aspirations as far ingly important role in major seaway policy ent upon friendly trade between nations, and as was proper for a Member of the United decisions. upon mutual trust and confidence, such as States Congress_to .do so because it was evi Much has already been said about the mag that which has characterized our long and dent that a strong Israel was in the best nitude of this particular venture. I almost happy relations with our good neighbors in interest of the United States. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13029 . You all remember the early days, the diffi Every American familiar with world events And so, in celebrating this historic anni culties . which preceded recognition, the_ and aware of the Communist danger- 1n the versary, I join you in saying "Long live threats of partition, and ·then the support. Middle East must be thankful for the exist Israel." of the United Nations, with immediate recog- ence of Israel. Israel 1s truly an outpost ·of nition of Israel by the United States. · democracy in this vital region of the world You remember how Israel was invaded by· not only "in the system of its government, in Delmarva .Chicken Fesfival her Arab neighbors the very day after her. i.ts laws and social order, but also in its existence was proclaimed. l;)ackground and the spirit of its people. You remember how, through the valor and The Jewish belief in God, in freedom, and EXTENSION OF REMARKS blood of her sons, the little nation drove back human dignity are an anathema to com OF her enemies, and thereafter a tenuous peace munism and an antidote to Marxian teach was established through the armistice. ings. Jewish individualism is the enemy of HON. J. GLENN BEALL You remember in October 1948 the Berna the Communist philosophy of subjugating OF MARYLAND dette plan-a partition which . would have the- individual to lose his identity· and be ruined future hopes for -a strong nation come a cog to be turned at the will and IN THE. SENATE OF THE UNITED 13TATES . and the protest by Foster Dulles who was whim of Qommunist leadership. Thursday, July 3, 1958 then in Paris as a special aid to the Truman _ Let us look at some of the accomplish administration. ments of the past 10 years: Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, ·I ask . You remem.ber the protest by Thomas Israel has trebled her population, thus unanimous consent to have printed in Dewey, then Republican candidate for Presi firmly establishing herself as a haven for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement dent, followed up by protests from President those fleeing from persecution. r have prepared regarding the 11th an Truman. . Through -establishment of diplomatic rela nual Delmarva chicken festival. You remember later on, owing to some re tions with 50 countries she has gained a firm __ There. being no objection, the state taliatory action against attacks on Israel's. place in the world family of nations. ' borders that the United States withdrew - Israel has steadily expanded her position ment was ordered to be printed in the economic support from Israel. The record as a nation of commerce. She has formu RECORD, as follows: will show that some of us immediately met_ l!tted 17 trade agreements. Her exports have STATEMENT BY SENATOR BEALL in protest with State Department officials increased from $30 million in 1949 to nearly Last week it was my pleasure to attend and urged restoration of economic aid, which $135 million last year with her goods reach the 11th annual Delmarva chicken festival aid was restored a very short time _afterward. ·ing the markets of 80 nations. Her imports as a guest of the Delmarva poultry industry. You remember the refusal of Egypt to allow have increased from $250 million to $403 :Mrs. Beall accompanied me to the festival on Israeli ships to pass peacefully through the ~illion in.the same period. · Maryland's .fabulous Eastern Shore, and we Suez Canal; the agreement by the United Israel's industrial economy now represents had a most enjoyable time. Nations that Israel was right; and the veto an investment of more than $700 million. ' My good friends aild neighbors from Dela of any action by Russia. · Seventy percent of the capital has come from ware, Senator WILLIAMS and Senator FREAR, You remember the arms embargo. I pro outside the country, which indicates a firm attended the festival and Senator WILLIAMS tested this in two letters to Secretary Dulles: belief by others in the future of Israel. was presented a well-deserved award, an one dated November 4, 1955, and one "January Agricultural and mining settlements have engraved, framed scr<>ll of honor presented 26, 1956. At that time I wrote that it seemed· sprung up in wastes that had been desolate · annually to the person judged to be Del to me the key to the situation was a realiza and uninhabited for centuries. About 500 marva's distinguished citizen of the year. tion by .the Arab ·nations that Israel was new agricultural settl-ements have been es I present for the RECORD information about there to stay. . This is still the key, and· tablished. Cultivated areas have been in the chicken industry oil the Delmarva pen surely the Arab leaders realize-the f-act now, creased from. 195,000 acr-es to 950,000 acres, but for political reasons will not acknowledge_ insula and a few highlights of the festival, it. . while irrigated areas have risen· from 63,000 held this year in Denton, Md., a peaceful little · to 275,000 acres. town of 1,800 people on the banks .of the I quote from my public letter to Secretary Dulles at that time: ·· Israel's system of schools has grown stead Choptank River, which for 3 days was the ••t would .suggest that consideration be ily. In 1949, there were 180,844 pupils in ele chicken capital of the w<>rld. given to a guaranty of the Near Eastern mentary schools. Today, the number of The Delmarva Peninsula is a narrow strip frontiers by all the great powers." pupils is 404,900., There also has been con of land 200 miles long, situated between the The State Department answered that they siderable expansion in secondary, vocational, Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. It contains did not want Russia involved in the Near and agricultural education. At the same the entire State of Delaware, 9 Eastern Shore East. What a miscalculation. For today, as. time, Israel has shown rapid progress in the· counties of Maryland, and 2 counties of we know, Russia is in the Near East with' field of higher education through her univer Virginia. It has long been known as the both feet. sities and she can be proud of her scientific place where the broiler industry, as we know We must never forget the firm statement achievements. it today, got its start. made by Secretary Dulles in a letter to me - Israel is an example of what a virile, val · Many dietitians believe that chicken even and other Members of Congress written on iant people can build in a backward area. A tually will make up a fifth of every family's February 24, 1957, in -which he stated: "The less brave people might have retreated or meat purchases. Most of it will be young, , preservatibn of Israel is one of the essential succumbed in the face of overwhelming odds, tender chicken, the kind · Delmarva grows , goals of American "forelgp. policy." yet Israel has moved steadily forward. and sells, aptly called Delmarvalous chicken. The continued harassment of peaceful She has, of course, aroused jealousies in This would mean every man, woman, and Israeli villages from the Gaza Strip is fresh her neighbors and perhaps fear of the child would be eating an average of 41 in our minds. This finally resulted in the strength that may be developed. The Jewish pounds of chicken a year instead of. 24 victorious attack on Egypt which again people have always been freedom loving. pounds, the average today. proved the valor and fighting ability of Is They have always fought for liberty. Delmarva chicken growers and related !n rael's sons. It was nearly 2,000 years ago that Josephus d_ustries are shooting for a high goal. They We must remember the dl.fficult and peace said of them: "These men have an inviolable · have joined together in an organization · ful return upon the demand of the United attachment to liberty and say that God is known as the Delmarva Poultry Industry, · Nations of Israeli troops within her borders. their only Lord and Master. ·They also do Inc., dedicated to the . increasing of the - This showed to all the -world the strong not mind dying any death, nor could the fear quality of Delmarvalous chickens and the self-discipline in this difficult and distasteful . of death make them call atiy man their consumption of chicken on dinner tables all task. master. This immutable resolution of theirs oyer the world. Led by John R. Hargreaves, At last, through the backing of the United is well known to a great many. What I have president, Delmarva Poultry Industry, Inc., States, access to the Red Sea has been said does not adequately express the deter and general manager of the Caroline Poultry · achieved with the tremendous future of the mination that they show." Farms Co., hundreds of men and women pioneer port bf Elath. · If the Arab world would finally realize that work volunta1·11y and cheerfully to tell the But troubles continue. · It was only a Israel is there to stay, cooperation, 'however story of their industry to millions of con- . couple of years ago that a British statesman reluctant, would be forthcoming for their sumers. suggested that Israel return to the borders · own interest. There would be a settlement -Delmarva growers, processors, and sup which it bad before it was attacked by its ot the refugee question; of the use of the pliers do a good job. Most Americans. prob• neighbors. This seems to be the Arab de- · Suez Canal, of the·use of the Jordan waters ably feel that the automobile industry. is the . mand at the moment and unfortunately for irrigation, and ·permanent peace on its · most efficient industry in our land. How seems to have the backing of C9mmunist borders would be established • ever, the men who grow and process chickens Russia. . Then indeed, Israel would no longer have on the D~lmarva Peninsula don't agree. _Such a thought should be given no con to spend her limited resources on unproduc- · Using the assembly line techniques prac sideration as it would partition Israel and · tive armaments, but could use the genius of ticed - by the automobile companies, they hamstring her economy. But the suggestion · her people to make the Negev desert green can put poultry on the dinner table today was quickly slapped down by · our adminis and for the future benefit of all her people for only a Uttle more than the housewife tration. and all the people -of the entire world. paid in 1940, even though the purchasing CIV--820 13030 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 3 power of the dollar, generally speaking, is skillet. Brown chicken on both s'ldes. rying out the thousands of details necessary only half what it was then. Our chicken Sprinkle tarragon over the chicken. Put for putting across such a festival. Such growers and processors are proud that this is in onions and mushrooms; cover and let jobs are done almost entirely by public done without .subsidy from public funds. simmer until tender, about 25 minutes. spirited citizens "burning the midnight oil." And any housewife can tell you that the Serve from copper skillet. Serves four. These are the people who are boosting the 1958 poultry package is as much over its Both the second-place and the third-place· broiler industry, the very lifeblood of the 1940 counterpart as are today's autos over winners were from the State of Maryland. Delmarva Peninsula. t hose of 17 years ago: Second place went to Mrs. LeRoy B. Edgar, Jr., I want to point out a few details of the of Cambridge, Md. Her prizewinning dish size of the Delmarva chicken industry and was called chicken paella. Here is the recipe: what the industry means to the economic One 3-pound chicken, cut in serving pieces; lifeblood and financial well-being of the 2 tablespoons flour; one-half cup olive oil; The Lebanese Situation Delmarva Peninsula;. Last year, the infant 1 Y2 cup onion, chopped; 1 clove garlic, industry that got its start in farm back minced; 1 small green pepper, chopped; 1· yards on the peninsula in the early 1920's pound fresh peas, shelled; 4 tomatoes, peeled EXTENSION OF REMARKS grew nearly 180 million chickens. Its total and sliced; 1 bottle clam juice, 8 ounces; OF 1957 payroll amounted to almost $45 mil 1Y2 cups water; one-half teaspoon salt; one lion; its feed bill was $67 million. Cost of fourth teaspoon pepper; one-eighth teaspoon HON. DANlEL -J. FLOOD baby chicks totaled $22 million, and the in marjoram; 2 cans (7 Y2 ounces each) minced OF PENNSYLVANIA dustry paid taxes of over a million and a clams; 1 pound steamed shrimp, shelled and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quarter dollars. deveined. A total of 12,697 people worked directly · Coat chicken pieces with flour; brown in Thursday, July 3, 1958 in some branch of the industry, either on oil in frying pan and place in 12-cup baking Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, the small, farms, in processing plants, for·feed manu dish. Saute rice, onion, garlic, and green facturers, hatcheries, and suppliers. Addi pepper in frying pan until rice is golden; mountainous state of Lebanon at the tional thousands of pebple worked in by spoon over and around chicken in baking eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea products plants, ice plants, and other busi dish; top with peas and tomatoes. Heat lately has come to be a principal focal nesses not entirely a part of the industry, clam ·juice, water, salt, pepper, and mar point in the contemporary world strug but supporting and closely related. Del joram in same frying pan and pour over the gle of the two great power systems. The marva's 5,000 broiler houses, averaging 10,000 chicken in baking dish. Cover and bake in outcome of contest for control of this birds capacity each, are worth over $60 mil moderate oven 350° for 30 minutesi add small republic will have a very impor lion, and this does not take into account the clams and liquid and shrimps; cover and value of the fields or the other buildings bake 30 minutes longer. tant bearing-possibly a decisive one and homes on the farms. Processing plants This recipe will make 8 to 10 servings. on efforts of. the West, headed by the on the peninsula are worth about $15 mil A Maryland boy, only 15 years of age, United States and its immediate allies, lion. No other agricultural business in the competing with young women and men from to prevent the spread of Communist world has grown ~to such giant size in so all ov:er the country, won the junior •na Russian domination into the strategic short a time. Delmarvaland, the birthplace tional championship. He is Jimmy Collins Middle Eastern countries whose con of the broiler industry, has seen its fledgling Bennett, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Ben tinued independence of totalitarian con idea of a generation ago grow into a ,giant nett, of Salisbury, Md., and his prizewinning. trol may well be vital to the ultimate that does more than a billion and a half dish, done up in an aluminumfoil basket dollar business a year. designed in the shape o.f a rocket, is called survival of the Free World. Each year in June, Delmarva Poultry In Imperial Chicken of Tomorrow. Here's the Only a few years ago a bitter war was. dustry's officers and directors and many of recipe_of our 15-year-old boy: fought in Korea to set limits to the its members team up with the public-spirited One 2Y2- to 3-pound chicken; 2 cups bread spread of Soviet imperialism in the Far leaders of some community on the peninsula crumbs; three-fourths cup of Parmesan or East. Considering the strategic posi to hold the annual Delmarva ·chicken Fes Romano cheese; one-fourt~ cup of chopped tion of the countries of the Middle East" tival. For 3 days this community . is the parsley; 1 clove garlic, crus}led; 2 teaspoons to East-West routes of communication, showcase of the mighty chicken. industry for salt; one-eighth teaspoon pepper; one-half all the world to see, either by attending, as pound butter. to invaluable deposits of ·petroleum, and more than 20,000 did this year, or by hearing Remove crust from an unsliced loaf of to the peoples and resources of the huge and seeing reports of it in the press and on bread. Grate bread crumbs fine enough for continent ·of Africa, Lebanon-a key the radio and television. . 2 cups o.f crumbs. Spread out on fiat pan stone of the Middle East-has an Im Delmarva Poultry industry joins forces to dry overnight . . When ready to cook, mix portance to the Free World far-in excess with the Poultry and Egg National Board crumbs with three-fourths, cup of grated . to that of Korea. The control of Leb to hold the national chicken-cooking co;ntes.t. cheese, chopped parsley, garli.c, salt. and anon by forces under Soviet domination Dozens of the Nattoi~ · s leading food editors pepper. Have frying chicken cut into pieces. would be a disaster of the first mag and home economists atten·d the festival to Dip ·each piece into melted butter (a.bout. discover new recipes-:-new ways to prepare one-half pound) then into crumb mixture. nitude for the West; it might, indeed,· chicken for their vast audiences. Be sure each piece is well coated. Arrange prove to be irreparable. · - · At the 11th annual festival this year in in shallow pan so they don't overlap. Dot Both because of its situation among Denton, Md., an unprecedented number of with 2 tablespoons more of butter. Bake 1 the states of the Middle East and be contestants came from 17 States and 2 for hour or until fork tender in moderate oven cause of its peculiar internal composition eign countries to compete for the title as 350°. Lebanon presents a unique challenge to "National Chicken Cooking Champion," both Out of 59 entrants in the junior contest, the powers arrayed against each other junior and senior divisions. A housewife 7 were boys, and 3 of these were among from New York who had never before en in the cold war. Its small size-about 12 prizewinners. that of Puerto Rico-and its relatively tered a cooking contest won the title of Along with t housands of other festival "National Chicken Cooking Champion" over visitors, Mrs. Beall and I were treated to small population of approximately a mil a field of 186 entries. She was Mrs. Barbara Delmarvalous chicken from the world's lion and a half represents a balance of Marks, 32, of Wantagh, Long Island; N. Y. largest fry pan, in which about 5,000 chick forces so delicate as to make it almost Her entry, chicken tarragon champignon, ens were cooked during the festival. Ad a pawn in world politics. Various Chris was judged top dish in a contest which pro ditiona! thousands of chickens were served tian sects have held out in this moun duced what a distinguished panel of judges at an outdoor barbecue and other food con termed the best cooking and finest recipes tainous region since the early Christian cessions manned by church and civic or era. · Intermixed with them since the ever offered. ganizations. We went through the large in It was my privilege to crown the new dustry show, a beautiful art exhibit in which seventh century have been Moslem Arabs champion, who, incidentally, was given many many pieces of fine art, of the more than who have given the country its official valuable prizes. Mrs. Marks prepares her 400 entries, were related to the chicken in language and some of its overall Arab championship dish as follows: dustry. We visited with beauty queens and character. Added to these elements are One 8-pound Delmarva chicken, cut into talent contest winners. On Sat:urday, we groups of Druses, neither Christian nor eighths; 4 tablespoons of butter; 1 onion, reviewed one of the best balanced and most Moslem but more nearly associated with sliced thin; one-half pound of f·resh mush impressive parades I have ever seen. the latter. Though not numerous, they rooms, sliced; 1 tablespoon of tarragon: 1 I want to pay tribute to the men and tablespoon Lowry's seasoned salt; one-half women in Denton and elsewhere through have been an independent people thr.ough teaspoon fresh ground pepper; dash of out the Delmarva. Peninsula, led by Festival many centuries, traditionally opposed, as paprika. General Chairman John Asher, assistant they are now, to any central government. Season pieces of chicken with Lowry's salt, manager of the Choptank Electric Coopera World War I, which ended Ottoman pepper, and paprika. Melt butter in copper tive, who had the tremendous job of car- control of the area, brought in France 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13031 as a mandatory power both in Lebanon the other hand, Lebanon ranges itself un of the United Arab Republic to the and in Syria. Even then the Lebanese reserved!~ on the side of the Free World. United Nations Security Council. contrived to maintain a regime separate, Early in May of the present year While the situation of the Lebanese in most respects. from Syria. Since 1946, various disaffected groups in Lebanon, Government continued to worsen, at the close of World War II, when Leba irked by President Chamoun's reported charges of interference against the non achieved status as an independent aim of achieving an amendment to the United Arab Republic were presented state, relations with Syria have tended constitution in the interest of an addi· both to the Council of the Arab League, to deteriorate. Since Syria joined Egypt tional presidential term, and given im meeting in Benghazi, and to the United to form the United Arab Republic in pulse and arms, apparently, by agents of Nations. No useful result was achieved February of this year Lebanon has been the United Arab Republic, attacked and at Benghazi. On June 11 the United in real jeopardy. The United Arab Re burned United States libraries in Tripoli Nations Security Council moved to send public, under the control of Egypt's Nas and Beirut, blew up an Iraq Petroleum a team of observers to Lebanon to check ser, armed and abetted by the Soviet Co.'s pipeline, and inaugurated a regime the smuggling of arms or rebel reinforce Union, has sought to take advantage of of violence that has approached the di ments into that country. The observer the presence of dissident elements in mensions of a civil war. From an origi team was small, however, and little re Lebanon to overthrow the present consti nal demand for President Chamoun•s re sult-from its presence could be discerned. tutional regime, headed by President Ca signation, the rebel elements have pro In these circumstances, while no formal mille Chamoun, a pro-West Christian, ceeded to strive for the overthrow of the request was filed with the United Nations, and to replace this administration with entire governmental administration with President Chamoun-on June 26 and one favorable to the Syria-Egypt axis. the apparent aim of setting up a pro again on June 30-indicated that Leba Very possibly the ultimate aim of this Nasser government and achieving a com non might soon ask for a police force to conspiracy is to bring Lebanon by sub plete change of orientation in foreign be set up under United Nations auspices. versive means into the Soviet-oriented policy. We hope that we could solve this by our United Arab Republic. Uncertain of the temper of its mi selves- For all that Lebanon has had a rather nuscule army and unwilling to provoke turbulent domestic history since the a full-fledged civil war, the Lebanese He said in a radio interview- establishment of the Republic, owing Government has restricted its retalia but if we cannot, then we can either go to chiefly to the rivalries of the several tory measures largely to police action. the U. N. and ask for aU. N. police force or contrasting cultural elements in the On May 13 it dispatched a note of pro make use of article 51 of the U. N. Charter country-some of them admirers of which allows us in self-defense to appeal for test to the Government of the United collective defense. Any friendly forces then President Nasser, the nation has main Arab Republic protesting against mas could come here and take part with the offi tained a fairly consistent foreign policy. sive interference by that state in the cial forces of this country. It J:-_as maintained a neutral attitude affairs of Lebanon. At the same time it toward the Baghdad pact, to be sure, expressed a possible interest in receiving On June 17 Secretary of State Dulles but at the same time it has declined to assistance from Western powers, under again pledged that the United States enter an Arab alliance set up by Egypt some feature of formalized policy for the was prepared to use troops, if necessary, with the support of Syria, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, such as the Tripartite Dec on request of the United Nations to help and Yemen. It has .signed commercial laration of 1950. As the rebellion gained Lebanon preserve its independence. He treaties with Russia-1954, East Ger momentum, clearly with the aid of arms added, however, that military action many-1955, Communist China-1955, and volunteer units from Syria, the might be undertaken also under "other and Poland-1956, and its capital city, United States began the shipment of possible contingencies." This position Beirut, has been a center of activity of police equipment to that country under was immediately attacked from several Communist agents, yet down to the a mutual security arrangement of 1956 quarters. present time the Lebanese Government and placed the Sixth Fleet on a ready First. The head of the Arab Informa has steadfastly displayed an attitude basis. tion Center in Washington, Dr. Hussein hostile to communism as it did, for ex On May 15, at the close of President Kamel Selim, stated that in such cir ample, at the Bandung Conference in Nasser's 18-day visit to the Soviet Union, cumstances the Arab League would ask April 1955. When, early in last year- Premier Khrushchev pledged all neces the United Nations to brand the United . 1957-Ambassador Richards visited the sary help to the United Arab Republic. States as an aggressor. Middle East in order to allay any appre "We have all the means to give you dis Second. Dag Hammarskjold, United hension that might have been caused by interested and fraternal help," he said, Nations Secretary General, objected to the newly-formulated Eisenhow~r doc indicating that "we want your country to the landing of an American m· Anglo trine, Lebanon was the only state of the· grow stronger." This was folloWed a few American expeditionary force in Leb area which went on record as endorsing days later by a Soviet warning to the anon, insisting that the U. N. force of it officially. This attitude has been re West against interfering in the Lebanese 100 observers were doing an adequate affirmed on several occasions since with crisis. job. such clarity and emphasis as to suggest The United States meanwhile gave Third. Members of the United States that the United States has no better consideration to its international obliga Senate also expressed critical attitudes . friend than Lebanon fn the Arab Middle tions and to principles of policy under with respect to Secretary Dulles' state East. On October 15 ls.st, for example, which it might give other than arms aid ments. Dr. Charles Malik, Foreign Minister of to the beleaguered country. Secretary At this juncture, when a call for Lebanon, stated at a news conference: of State Dulles, stating that Soviet United States and British aid appeared Lebanon stands firm in its friendship to threats would not deter the United States likely to be made at any moment, Presi and cooperation with the United States. from doing what it considered right dent Nasser of the United Arab Repub The agreements whereby we receive techni- · anywhere in the world, remarked sig lic, denying that his state was giving aid cal, economic, and military aid from the nificantly at a news conference that the in men and arms to the Lebanese reb United States constitute an important aspect Eisenhower doctrine had stated that the els, definitely refused to exercise any of our foreign policy. We certainly intend independence of Middle Eastern coun restraining influence on the Lebanese to remain faithful to these agreements. • • • tries was vital to peace and the national rebel elements. The Soviet Union also The traditional friendship and understand issued a new blast : ing between Lebanon and the United States interest of the United States. He indi cated the readiness of this country to Foreign armed intervention in Lebanon is a cornerstone of our foreign policy. While would constitute a challenge not only to certainly standing always with the Arab put military forces ashore in Lebanon the peoples of the Arab East who are de World, of which we form an integral part, in under two conditions: First, that the fending their independence but also to the any conflict with the West involving legiti Lebanese Government asks for such ac· forces of peace the world over. • • • mate Arab rights and aspirations, yet in the tion with a view to the protection of The Soviet Union cannot remain indi! world struggle between totalitarianism and American citizens in that country; and ferent to the preparation of a foreign in dialectical materialism, on the one hand, second that the Lebanese Government tervention in Lebanon however it may be and the principles and forces of freedom, on take its charge of massive interference disguised. • * * 13032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 3 Official Soviet circles consider that the with this country, particularly when the tory. Nevertheless, the hazards of with attempts of certain states to carry .out loss of independence would mean absorp drawal or even of continued inaction in under this or that pretext, an armed inter· vention in Lebanon are in glaring contra· tion by a political entity decidely under the face of the mortal danger of the diction to the principles of the u. N. and Soviet influence. · regularly ordained government of a constitute a mockery of these princl· In the second place, if the Western friendly state-a st.ate so st rategically ples. • • • allies fail to respond to a call for help in situated in so many important respects Attempts at armed intervention by the a moment of extremity, whatever pres also should be most carefully considered. Western Powers would inevitably lead to a tige the United States and Britain still For the upshot of failure to act vigorous grave exacerbation of the situation and enjoy in the world would be gravely ly and positively in accordance with ad would gravely jeopardize the cause of peace. compromised. Our pledges everywhere vertised United States policy and solemn From this point, both · the United in the world would be discounted. Other pledges given thereunder might well be States and Great Britain, although presently friendly states in the Middle the beginning of complete isolation of the committed to answer a call for help East-Iraq and Jordan and perhaps United States and its allies not only from from Lebanon under existing circum Turkey-an anchor of the NATO alli the Middle East but also from the new stances, proceeded to urge the Lebanese ance-and Iran with its vast oil re nations arising elsewhere in Asia and in Government to do its utmost to avoid sources-could only feel abandoned. In Africa and the eventual loss of the cold making such a call. The British were a word, the entire Middle East would war with all of its attendant sacrifices. apprehensive of another Suez and were have been surrendered to "Nasserism" concerned also over the probability of and indirectly to Soviet influence with the use of United Arab Republic volun out a struggle. The Soviet Union itself teers in numbers should an Anglo would have won a major victory without Mineral Exploration American expeditionary force, already cost. poised at Cyprus or attached to the Second. In such an event, a first con 6th Fleet, actually land in Lebanon. sequence would be the maintenance only EXTENSION OF REMARKS As the month of June drew to a close, on suffrage of the Western line of com OF the outlook for the salvation of Leb munications through the Mediterranean anon as an independent state was very to the East. There could be no assur HON. ESTES KEFAUVER dismal, indeed. ance that the line would not be cut at OF TENNESSEE The etakes involved in the Lebanese any time when the Soviet Union wished issue are considerably greater than ap to apply pressure either to the states of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES pear superficially. For the most part, Western Europe or to the United States. Thursday, July 3, 1958 they have not been brought clearly to the Third. Not only would the Baghdad knowledge of the American people. At Pact be nullified and the entire "north Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, I ask this juncture, the United States, having ern tier" barrier be erased, but the entire unanimous consent to have printed in temporized while originally local dis principle of containment would · have the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement turbances in Lebanon developed into an jettisoned. The value of NATO itself I had prepared in connection with the international ~ontest, now is faced with would have to be reappraised. mineral exploration bill which was alternatives-all of which are unfor Fourth. The entire Arab bloc from passed yesterday. tunate. The priRcipal issues involved, Libya in the west to the Persian Gulf in There being no objection, the state briefly, are the following: the east would immediately come under ment was ordered to be printed in the First. The impression is very wide· the domination of Egypt. It is extremely ~ECORD, as follows: spread that, upon request by the Leb doubtful that Sudan and Ethiopia, under STATEMENT BY SENATOR KEFAUVER anese Government and under the con such circumstances, could avoid falling · This bill is to encourage exploration for ditions outlined by the Sedetary of under the influence of Cario. Even now minerals of great importance to the future State-conditions that nave substan Sudan is hesitant about undertaking the economic welfare of the United States. We tially been met-the United States has risk of accepting American aid. are going to face ·a situation in the near committed itself to · supplying physical Fifth. Clearly, there could no longer be future in which we cannot always be con aid to the Lebanese Government in its unimpeded access to Middle East oil. fident of adequate supplies of vital minerals. Our high-grade ores in many areas ar~ play effort to maintain its integrity. Within The United Arab Republic and its soviet ing out and we are forced to mine our ores the past fortnight indications have ap sponsor could, at.leisure, determine what of lower grades. With the population of the p~ared t_hat the United States-together quantities might be produced in the Arab United States growing rapidly, our needs will with Great Britain-has expressed a wish States and what disposition should be increase .in t remendous proportions. to be released from this obligation and made of these amounts. Iran alone, if This bill will provide financial assistance that, indeed, there would be extreme it· chose still to maintain a Western in the form of loans to those who are doing reluctance to supply m1litary aid at all. orientation, could not supply the Euro the prospecting and exploration work for Arguments have app~ared in United pean States with the petroleum and these minerals. · Private ind·ustry is doing considerable work along these lines but the Sta~es ne'Yspapers to the effect that- petroleum products now required by their amount is not keeping pace with the rapid A sound military and political basis for industrial establishments. Iranian oil depletion of our reserves. This bill will con national intervention in Lebanon does not supplies would be further reduced if they tinue a program by which the Federal Gov appear to exist. If the Lebanese Govern· could be transported to the West only ernment will share part of the burden for ment could ~how that the principal or only around the continent of Africa. exploration in the first instance but will re threat to its se.curity was from beyond its pay both in terms of royalties on production frontiers and that it had done its best and The situation in Lebanon may appear superficially to be local and relatively and in increased taxes paid on income. exerted its fullest power to put down a rebel Private industry has shown considerable lion, a justification for United States and petty. -To enable a Lebanese President interest in this program and current interest British intervention could be established. to retain his post until the expiration of remains high. Tl;le program is particularly But the circumstances of the fighting show· his term on September 23 may appear beneficial to small businesses that are unable· rather clearly that it will be difficult for not to be worth the risks obviously. in-· to obtain 'sufficient capital to undertake the Beirut to establish such a justification. volved in landing troops on Lebanese soil. necessary explorations. These small busi (Hanson W. Baldwin in the New York Times, nesses often are i_nterested in highly strate June 26, 1958.) The entire State of Lebanon is minuscule and its present troubles in considerable. gic minerals that are found only in small This argument, however, does not measure are due to domestic upheavals. quantities in the United States and are not therefore of · much interest to larger conl! cover the whole ground. In the first Direct intervention without the express panies. place, as has been noted, the United sanction of the United Nations brings to States Government has gone on record We may not always be able to depend on the fore some of the sanie issues that mineral resources from abroad, owing to in as viewing as vital the independence were involved in the application of ·force ternati'onal tensions and conflict. This of the states of the Middle East. Pre by Great Britain and France in the Suez measure will assist us in providing the re sumably this would apply most fully to cns1s. These matters will need to be serves 1?-ec ~s s a r y t o prepare against- such a states committed to a close association weighed carefully on the· scales of his- day.