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Characterization of Ziziphus Lotus (Jujube) Honey Produced in Algeria

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Characterization of Ziziphus Lotus (Jujube) Honey Produced in Algeria See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321226990 Characterization of Ziziphus lotus (jujube) honey produced in Algeria Article in Journal of Apicultural Research · November 2017 DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2017.1399663 CITATIONS READS 16 939 4 authors, including: Salim Zerrouk Seijo-Coello M. Carmen Université Amar Telidji Laghouat University of Vigo 9 PUBLICATIONS 61 CITATIONS 83 PUBLICATIONS 1,508 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Olga Escuredo University of Vigo 55 PUBLICATIONS 1,227 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: honeybee products, botanical origin and composition View project All content following this page was uploaded by Salim Zerrouk on 06 December 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Journal of Apicultural Research ISSN: 0021-8839 (Print) 2078-6913 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjar20 Characterization of Ziziphus lotus (jujube) honey produced in Algeria Salim Zerrouk, María Carmen Seijo, Olga Escuredo & María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores To cite this article: Salim Zerrouk, María Carmen Seijo, Olga Escuredo & María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores (2017): Characterization of Ziziphus lotus (jujube) honey produced in Algeria, Journal of Apicultural Research, DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2017.1399663 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1399663 Published online: 22 Nov 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 27 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjar20 Download by: [41.111.111.21] Date: 04 December 2017, At: 04:41 Journal of Apicultural Research, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1399663 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Characterization of Ziziphus lotus (jujube) honey produced in Algeria Salim Zerrouka, Marı´a Carmen Seijob, Olga Escuredob* and Marı´a Shantal Rodrı´guez-Floresb aFaculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria; bFaculty of Sciences, Department of Vegetal Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain (Received 16 June 2017; accepted 25 October 2017) The characterization of jujube (Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam) honey produced in Algeria, was carried out on the basis of their palynological and physicochemical properties: water content, pH, acidity, HMF, fructose, glucose, saccharose, melezi- tose, turanose, maltose, electrical conductivity, proteins, phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, mineral content and the color. These honeys were characterized by high values of electrical conductivity, potassium, calcium, pH, phenol content, amber color and medium protein content. From the palynological point of view, the honeys had a high pollen content. The presence of some pollen types in the pollen spectra of honeys such as Peganum harmala, Lotus, Eucalyptus, Taraxacum, Cistus, Trifolium, Carduus and Matricaria was proposed as a geographical indicator of this honey type. Caracterizacio´n de la miel de Ziziphus lotus (azufaifo) producida en Argelia La caracterizacio´n de la miel de azufaifo (Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam) se realizo´ en base a sus propiedades palinolo´gicas y fisicoquı´micas como el contenido de agua, pH, acidez, HMF, fructosa, glucosa, sacarosa, melezitosa, turanosa, maltosa, conductividad ele´ctrica, proteı´nas, fenoles, flavonoides, actividad antioxidante, contenido de minerales y color. Estas mieles se caracterizaron por altos valores de conductividad ele´ctrica, potasio, calcio, pH, contenido en fenoles, color a´mbar y un contenido medio en proteı´nas. Desde el punto de vista palinolo´gico, las mieles tuvieron un alto contenido de granos de polen. La presencia de algunos tipos polı´nicos en el espectro polı´nico de miel se propone como indicador de su origen geogra´fico. Es el caso de la combinacio´n Peganum harmala, Lotus, Eucalyptus, Taraxacum, Cistus, Trifolium, Carduus y Matricaria. Keywords: honey; Ziziphus lotus; Algeria; physicochemical analysis; pollen analysis 1. Introduction sensorial characteristics, the aforementioned attributes Honey is the natural viscous sugar solution produced by have a great commercial interest due to its influence on honey bees from the nectar of the flowers and also the purchase decision of consumers. Therefore, some from the honeydew. Its composition varies depending monofloral honeys exhibit an added value due to their on the type of flowers visited by the bees, the climatic flavour and aromatic properties or due to their pharma- and the environmental conditions, and the beekeeping cological attributes, being generally more expensive than practices (Gheldof, Wang, & Engeseth, 2002; Ursˇulin- multifloral honeys (Andrade et al., 1999). One of these valuable unifloral honey types is Zizi- Downloaded by [41.111.111.21] at 04:41 04 December 2017 Trstenjak et al., 2015). The sugars mainly, fructose and glucose are the dominant constituents, although honey phus honey, produced from jujube plants, commonly also contains water and a very complex mixture of pro- called “Sedra or Sidr” plant. The wild jujube Ziziphus teins like enzymes, vitamins, amino and organic acids, lotus (L.) Lam., is a species found in many habitats of arid phenol compounds, carotenoid-like substances, Maillard and semiarid regions of the Mediterranean area, reaction products, colloids, and minerals (Gheldof et al., throughout Libya to Morocco, Algeria and southern 2002; Kahraman, Buyukunal, Vural, & Altunatmaz, 2010). European countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece and Several of these constituents are of greatly relevant to Cyprus (Benammar et al., 2010). Sidr honey is a highly the honey industry as they are used as quality indicators. demanded product in Algeria and worldwide, and is This is the case of moisture content, the saccharose considered one of the most expensive honeys. Despite content, the hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, the this commercial interest, this honey type has been scar- free acidity or the electrical conductivity (Joshi, Pech- cely described (Chakir, Romane, Marcazzan, & Ferrazzi, hacker, Willam, & von der Ohe, 2000). Some of these 2016; Haderbache, Bousdira, & Mohammedi, 2012; Song, parameters depend on the botanical origin of the honey, Yao, & Yang, 2012). Research on the characteristics of which affects other features of the product such as the this unifloral honey is essential for the establishment of granulation, the texture, the flavour and the nutritional the specific regulations to avoid commercial fraud, both and medicinal quality of the honey (Escuredo, Mı´guez, in the domestic market and international trade. Conse- Ferna´ndez-Gonza´lez, & Seijo, 2013). Along with the quently, improving knowledge of the physicochemical *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] © 2017 International Bee Research Association 2 S. Zerrouk et al. and palynological characteristics is critically relevant for spring-summer period, different pollen morphology producers, trade transactions, food quality control as guides and information from several websites. The pol- well as national and international agencies. len grains were classified as pollen type, as a genus or a The present study was conducted to study the char- single species when it was possible. The pollen type acteristic of the most popular honey type marketed in includes species and/or genera present in the area, Algeria using its physicochemical properties, its palyno- which have the same or similar pollen morphology logical features and the quality parameters. This work microscopically. contributes to the typification of jujube honey produced in this geographical area. 2.3. Physicochemical analyses The quality parameters of moisture, electrical conductiv- 2. Materials and methods ity, pH, free acidity and hydroxymethylfurfural content 2.1. Honey samples [HMF] were determined in duplicate and according to Seventeen unifloral Ziziphus lotus honey samples from the instructions of the International Honey Commission Apis mellifera, were collected from beekeepers in differ- (Bogdanov, 2009). ent regions of Laghouat and Djelfa (Algeria) during sum- mer season. The honey was obtained from the hives by 2.3.1. Moisture content centrifugation and stored in hermetically closed glass Moisture content was determined with a Carl-Zeiss Jena jars in dark at −4 ˚C until its analysis. refractometer, by measuring the refractive indices at 20 ˚C. The moisture content was calculated using the 2.2. Melissopalynological analysis Wedmore table and the results were expressed as percentages. Ten grams of honey were weighed and dissolved in 20 mL of hot distilled water not above 40 ˚C. The solu- tion was centrifuged for 10 min (g = 2000) and the 2.3.2. Electrical conductivity supernatant was drawn off. Then another centrifugation Electrical conductivity was measured at 20 ˚C in a 20% was done for 5 min following the same conditions. The (w/v) honey solution (dry matter basis) in CO -free entire sediment was put into a slide and spread out 2 deionized distilled water by a EUTECH instrument con- over an area of about 24 × 24 mm (Louveaux, Maurizio, ductimeter (Con.520), and the results were expressed & Vorwohl, 1978). as μS/cm. 2.2.1. Quantitative analysis 2.3.3. pH and free acidity Based on the total number of plant elements, the hon- pH was measured by pH-meter (WTW inoLab pH 750) eys are placed into one of the following classes (Maur- in a solution
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