Welcome to HSVA

THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation

Improving the Fleet’s Performance

HSVA

J. Marzi, O. Reinholz, E. Göricke

Presentation at SNAME - GR, Athens, 2018-10-04

• Hydrodynamic research and customer services since 1913. • 100 employees • Private, self supporting model basin. • Industry share abt. 80% • Research: – EU framework programmes – National programmes (D) • Main facilities: – Large towing tank (300 m) – Manoeuvring (CPMC) – Seakeeping (new wave makers) – Large Cavitation tank (test section: 2.80 x 1.60 x 11.00 meters), v = 12.6 m/s – Ice tank – State of the art Model Workshops • CFD developments: – Potential flow solvers: -Shallo; RANS: FreSCo+,, Propeller codes • CFD applications: – Resistance and propulsion – Cavitation – Manoeuvring – Seakeeping – Design Integration CFD Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology WWW.HSVA.DE

2 THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Why Hydrodynamics?

• Resistance and propulsion are the largest single causes of energy consumption for a cargo ship. • Even for a more complex PAX they account for more than 50% or energy consumption. • Low drag and improved propulsion are key to: – Reduced power, FRICTION – Reduced fuel consumption, MANOEU- – Reduced operational cost VRING – Reduced environmental effects HULL • Meet environmental requirements and regulatory obligations: PROPELLER – EEDI LOAD • But there are many more factors to be considered: SEA- CONDITION KEEPING • Meet safety regulations: WAVE CAVITATION – Minimum Safe Powering – Safe Return to Port APPENDAGES The complex interplay of effects calls for a holistic “hydro analysis”.

CFD Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation HSVA offers a comprehensive range of Services • Resistance & Propulsion testing; • Propeller analysis; • Seakeeping & Manoeuvring experiments; • Numerical Analysis

HSVA performs R&D in relevant Areas: • Viscous resistance • Added resistance due to wind and waves • Holistic Design and Operational Optimisation www.holiship.eu We are always looking for cooperation partners

CFD Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Selected Tools and Services to improve Ship Performance • Model Testing and Numerical Analysis are complementary tools and both are applied in our projects. • The following provides an overview of HSVA’s services to improve: – All contributions to Ship Resistance; – Propulsive Efficiency including a wide range of propulsion improvement devices; – At the design stage as well as for retro-fit during later stages of the life-cycle.

- Reducing resistance, - Improving propulsion, - …or, ideally, both…

…how?

- Reduction of frictional (viscous) hull (and propeller) surface resistance is – very often – of great importance, particularly for vessels operating at the respective low speeds - Reduction of form (shape & wave) resistance by hull form modification is the routine work of a model basin – experimentally and/or numerically. - Added resistance (wind, seaway etc.)

Compliant Coatings Riblets Air Lubrication Boundary Layer Alignment Devices

Liquid Infused Coatings Propeller Coatings

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Frictional resistance of the hull surface Variation of the average hull surface friction (AHR) [mm] for a 62k dwt Bulk Carrier and effects on power consumption 105% + 2.5% PD - 0.1 kts

100% - 1.9% PD + 0.07 kts - 2.8% PD + 0.1 kts - 3.8% PD Frictional resistance is largely controlled by [kW] + 0.15 kts the roughness of the wetted hull.

Roughness is caused by deterioration of the D,Trial Bft 2 95% hull coating or by fouling. Once the roughness rel. P increases, the resistance increases.

90% Up to 50% increase of RT feasible for Vessel in Vessel delivery High standard service, 250 condition, 150 100 microns Silicone coating, 60 microns calcareous deposits on the hull! microns microns 80 microns Power consumption at design speed 102.5% 100.0% 98.1% 97.2% 96.2%

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Frictional resistance of the hull surface Challenge: hull surface friction is Reynolds Number dependent and thus subject to appropriate corrections for comparability.

Solution: An experimental approach has been developed in HSVA´s HYKAT facility at high Reynolds Numbers.

10 m2 of “hull surface” are subject to an unscaled speed of up to 20.0 kts.  direct comparability to the vessel

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Reduction of form resistance – Slow Steaming Decreased power consumption of a 62k dwt Bulk Carrier due to reduced speed

150%

140%

130%

120%

[%] D 110% -2.5 kts speed -1.0 kts speed 100%

90%

80%

70% -20% required power

Relative Required Power Required P Relative 60% - 40% required power

50%

40% Service Condition, Seastate 4, Headwind Bft 5 30% 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 Ship Speed [kts] Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Reduction of form resistance – Slow Steaming Wave formations for a 7,000 m3 Tanker

vS = 16 kts

vS = 13 kts

vS = 10 kts

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Reduction of form resistance – Slow Steaming Be careful with designing a vessel for low speeds in the first place!

160% Service Condition, Seastate 4, Headwind Bft 5 Service Condition, 10%sea margin, Headwind Bft 5 140%

120% Added resistance due to seastate well covered [%]

D by sea margin at approx. design speed

100%

80%

60%

Relative Required Power Required P Relative 40%

20%

Already 30% sea margin at 8.0 kts 0% 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 Ship Speed [kts] Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Reduction of form resistance – Maximal invasive hull modification

Comprehensive CFD calculations were done for the design of the alternative bulbous bow designs, while at always maintaining the vessel’s LOA.

Large areas of separated flow and a low flow velocity in general are seen in the initial 3D wake field.

Further, pronounced vorticity and flow separation are visible in the initial wake field – increasing the vessel´s resistance.

Reduction of required power consumption of abt. 4% at design speed after CFD optimization of bulb geometry

Bulbous bow optimization for a 160 m Tanker project and subsequent optimization of static trim 105%

100% [kW] Further reduction of 95% D,Trial Bft 2 Bft D,Trial power consumption of

rel. P rel. 2.5% compared to even 90% Intermediate Final bulbous Final bulbous keel condition due to a Initial hull form, bulbous bow, bow, bow, even keel even keel even keel static trim aft static pre-trim Power consumption at 100.0% 99.0% 95.9% 93.4% design speed 16.0 kts Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Reduction of form resistance – Minimal invasive modifications

Original bulb design followed a traditional single-point optimization procedure towards one (high) contract speed.

The modified bulb was CFD-optimized for the dominant (lower) service speeds.

 Significant resistance reductions practically compensated the resistance surplus due to a 30 m lengthening.

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation

Reduction of form resistance – Maximal invasiveMulti-Task Optimization modifications of MV ´Hamerodde´ 110%

105%

100% [kW]

95% D,Trial Bft 2

90% rel. P 85%

80% New hull form at with a tailor- Original hull form new design with Interceptor made rudder- draught propeller design Power consumption at design 100.0% 106.1% 99.1% 95.6% speed

New trade demanded for increased capacity – at unchanged speed.

Sponsons provided the required extra displacement and improved transom flow/transom separation – massively supported by the interceptor effect. Improved propulsion provided additional benefit.

Mean Resistance reduction of 10% with deflectors

Resistance & Propulsion Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation On a side note: How to judge the effectiveness of a modification? Drydocking and cleaning of the hull, improvement of hull coating

1st Sea Trial, check of speed-power relation due to hull surface only

Back to drydock, application of R/P improving measure

2nd Sea Trial, check of speed-power due to R/P improving measure

- Reducing resistance, - Improving propulsion, - …or, ideally, both…

• Today, we know a lot new (and old) “Energy Saving Devices” (ESD). • Some of these products show significant commercial success and do help to reduce power requirements. • Although considerable experience has been gained, all ESD solutions are individual and need to be customised for each vessel!

23 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propulsion Improvement • Devices in the Propeller Inflow • Improving the working conditions of the propeller • Affect the propeller rpm • Devices in the Propeller Wake • Energy recovery from the propeller slipstream • Generally easier to fit to an existing vessel

24 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation ESD in the Propeller Inflow • Ducts • Pre- Swirl Stators • Fins

Wake Measurement Bare Hull 25 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Ducts

26 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Pre-Swirl Stator (PSS)

Ready for Trials

RANS Analysis Model Test 27 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation ESD in the Propeller Wake • Twisted Rudder • Rudder Bulb • Fins at the Rudder • Post-Swirl Stator • Boss Cap with Fins

Full-Scale Observation 28 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Twisted Rudder, Rudder Bulb

29 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Fins at the Rudder, Post-Swirl Stator

30 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Boss Cap with Fins

31 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propeller Design

Changes • Speed (slow steaming) • Inflow (hull lines, installation of ESD) ask for a new propeller design!

32 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propeller Design • Speed, RPM

33 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propeller Design Nominal Wake

Bare Hull Pre-Swirl Stator

34 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propeller Design • Diameter • Number of Blades • Rotational speed

35 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Propeller Design • Efficiency, Thrust • Pressure Pulses • Cavitation Behaviour Port side propeller induced pressure field on the aft ship, endurance mode

Pressure Mean values of von-Mises stress loading due to hydrodynamic loading 36 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Special Propeller Designs

CLT Propeller Kappel Propeller 37 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Improving the performance of a vessel in service

- Reducing resistance, - Improving propulsion, - …or, ideally, both…

Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE THE HAMBURG SHIP MODEL BASIN Setting the Standard in Ship Optimisation Thank You!

For further information please visit www.HSVA.de or contact us directly.

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

39 Propellers & Cavitation Seakeeping, Manoeuvring & Offshore Arctic Technology CFD Resistance & Propulsion WWW.HSVA.DE