Documentation Report of International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia 21-28 March, 2011

Jointly Organized by

The Asian Health Institute Foundation

Table of Contents Arrival and Orientation ...... 1 Orientation of the workshop ...... 2 Official Opening ...... 5 Welcome Remarks by Padek Director ...... 5 Opening Remarks by AHI ...... 5 Opening Speech by H.E Pov Piseth, Provincial Council member ...... 5 Introduction and Orientation ...... 6 Finalizing the Workshop schedule ...... 7 Logistics and Ground Rules ...... 11 Basic Concept of Peace Building ...... 11 Padek’s Concept of Peace Building ...... 12 Flow and Processes of IWS ...... 15 Nature of Conflict ...... 16 Case sharing Orientation ...... 16 Overview, History and Background of Cambodia ...... 17 Visit to Angkor Wat and Genocide Monument ...... 18 Personal Motivation for Peace Building ...... 18 Case Presentation and synthesis of each case Case 1: NAGDILAAB FOUNDATION INCORPORATED Peace Building Project (Philippine Team) ...... 20 Case 2: Peace Building through Acupuncture (Indonesian Team) ...... 23 Case 3: Sustainable Hygiene Marketing for Community Volunteers in Liquisa and Lautem Districts (Timor Leste team) ...... 24 Case 4: Peace Building through Community Health Forum (MEDiCAM Cambodia ) .. 25 Case 5: Citizen’s Peace Movement (2004-2008) ( Yuko, Japan)) ...... 26 Sharing Experience during the Khmer Rouge Regime: By Mr. Chum Mey ( A Survivor of S21 Prison) ...... 27 Case 6: Peace Building Activities in Grassroots: Fostering “Peace Messenger “of Next Generation (Kyoko, AHI, JAPAN) ...... 29 Case 7: Peace Building through Participatory Health Promotion Training in Cambodia (UI,AHI,JAPAN) ...... 30 Case 8: Building Peace in Health System and Community Based Primary Health Network Advocacy (CYDC, Cambodia ) ...... 31 Case 9: The history of People’s Struggle for Democracy )Manohar, SRCD, Nepal ) ... 32 Padek’s Case 10: Building Peace Building through Community Health and Development (Em Sokha and Kannaro, Padek, Cambodia ) ...... 34

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 i Padek Field Visit Orientation (Sarik, Padek ) ...... 35 Reflection and Analysis of the Field Visit ...... 37 Group Presentation and Feedback ...... 38 Overall Synthesis on Peace Building ...... 44 Cycle of Globalization, Health Inequality and Conflict ...... 44 Synthesis of All the Cases ...... 44 Horizontal and Vertical Integration ...... 46 Justpeace ...... 48 Making and Presentation Points of Action ...... 48 Workshop Evaluation ...... 53 Closing Programme ...... 54 List of Annexes ...... 56

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 ii INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP

ON

PEACE BUILDING THROUGH COMMUNITY HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT Day 0: Arrival and Orientation March 21-28, 2011

New Siem Reap Town Hotel and Spa Siem Reap Angkor, Kingdom of Cambodia

Arrival and Settling in The participants started to arrive on April 20, 2011. They checked in at New Siem Reap Town Hotel and assigned to respective rooms. The participants of the workshop come from different countries such as Cambodia, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Timor Leste and Nepal (please see Annex 1 attached for the participant directory). After the dinner, the facilitation team oriented to national and international participants on logistics and schedule for the first day. Also in this afternoon, the facilitation team organized Khmer language lesson for international participants.

Welcome Remarks The Executive Director of Partnership for Development in Kampuchea (Padek), Mr. Kep Kannaro gave a warm greeting to the participants by expressing his gratitude that Padek had been given the chance to host the workshop. He informed the participants that the workshop would be jointly coordinated by Asian Health Institute (AHI) and Padek, and said he was looking forward to providing all the participations with a good and conducive environment for a fruitful workshop. Lastly he requested active participation from everyone.

Please refer to Workshop Outline in annex 1.

Brief Self Introductions

Moderator: Ms Sok Sokunthea

The moderator requested all the participants to introduce themselves by stating their name, organization, and country as well as their position in the organization.

The members of the facilitation team from Padek, AHI, and the workshop documenters also introduced themselves. Please refer to Directory of Participants in annex 2. Orientation to the Workshop

To begin the workshop, Padek Director Mr. Kep Kannaro and Ms. UI Shiori, International Workshop Coordinator from AHI, welcomed all the participants and made some announcements on workshop preparation and logistics.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 1 The international participants would learn basic Khmer expressions from 5:30 pm 6:30, and national participants would join them for dinner outside at 6:30.

During this evening the workshop facilitator team and international participants displayed pictures from their countries and field projects, plus the workshop objectives and basic questions/ expectations collected from the participants.

Workshop Objectives 1. To get new ideas and insights through sharing experiences on peace building through community health and development in various areas and countries. 2. To learn from Padek Integrated Community Development Model and their community experiences in Siem Reap 3. To build solidarity and networks among participants toward peace building

After reviewing the workshop objectives and a list of basic questions/expectations, the facilitator requested participants who had not yet written their basic questions to add theirs to the list. She also reminded the participants that the basic question should be related to the workshop topic of promoting peace building through community health and development, and that it should relate to persistent specific concerns/issues that the participant really wants to solve or improve. The basic question should be short, clear, concise, and specific the basic questions/expectations list was to be finalized in the morning of the first day.

Orientation on Logistics

Moderator: Ms. Sok Sokunthea Sokunthea clarified about logistics such as room number, room keys, coupons for breakfast, bathroom facilities, turning off lights, use of desk phone for internal calls only, restrooms during the session, breakfast times. She also explained about meals and snacks: two snacks per day, lunch at the hotel, and dinner to be taken outside, except when there were evening sessions.

Free WIFI access was available in the hotel. In case of health problems, participants were requested to contact AHI and Padek facilitation team.

During the workshop, two and a half days were scheduled for a visit to the village where Padek was working. Giving souvenirs for home stay host families was optional. The workshop would provide mosquito spray mosquito nets, and flash lights.

Mr. Kannaro explained that all participants would stay in the village for 2 nights with at least one Padek staff per group, and requested everyone to prepare well..

One of the participants from Indonesia suggested having certificates of completion along with a CD-ROM of the documents. The facilitation team agreed to prepare and distribute these right after the end of the workshop.

Ms. Kyoko of AHI requested ILDC alumni to prepare short reports responding to some questions such as: What did you learn from IWS and what did you plan to apply in your work?. The format was distributed to all the alumni.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 2 Workshop Preparation

What is Basic Question? (UI)

UI-san reminded the participants that the theme of this workshop is about peace building through community health and development, and therefore the basic question must relate to the theme. For example, what do you want to know about peace building? What kind of strategy is used to build peace in the community through health and development?

She also added that some space has been prepared in a session hall for each country’s participants to display their pictures and programs. She encouraged participants to display pictures and materials there.

She reminded the participants that NGO workers (AHI alumni) would translate for own partners. She also reminded participants about the documents for reading and explaining to their partners prior to the sessions, such as:

 Memorandum (especially guidelines for case sharing)  Participant’s Information  Pre workshop Questions and Answers

Discussion Schedule for Day 1 (March 21, 2011)

Mr. Kannaro told the workshop participants that the following day we would have an official opening presided over by His Excellency Mr. Pov Piseth, member of the Provincial Council. The agendas for the opening session were: 1) Welcome remarks by the Executive Director of Padek, 2)- Briefing about AHI’s work in Cambodia and objectives of the International Workshop by Ms UI Shiori, and 3) Opening remarks by His Excellency. Participants were requested to dress formally, preferably in national dress.

During this time, participants were requested to present themselves by country team as follows:

Indonesia: 3 people (all men)

Timor Leste: 2 people (all men)

Japan: 3 people AHI (all women)

Philippines: 4 people (2 women, 2 men)

Nepal: 1person (1 man)

Cambodia: 9 people (3 women , including 2 facilitation team members, 7 men)

After the brief introduction, the facilitation team announced that the schedule of the entire workshop would be finalized after the official opening, including time to start and finish, clarification of roles and responsibilities of participants and the facilitation team, daily design and ground rules.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 3

Participants got to know each other, familiarized the venue, and made last preparation for the workshop. Facilitation team provided necessary information for the 1st Day of the workshop. Some participants worked on setting up their exhibition corners till late at night.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 4 Day 1: Opening and Orientation

1. Official Opening Moderator: Sok Sokunthea

The IWS official opening was presided over by His Excellency Mr, Pov Piseth, member of the Provincial Council of Siem Reap and various honorable guests. Speakers also included Mr. Kep Kannaro, Ms UI Shiori and Mr. Chum Mey.

Welcome Remarks by Padek Director, Mr. Kep Kannaro

After the salutation of Cambodia National anthem, Kannaro welcomed all distinguished guests and participants. He also emphasized that it was a great honor for Padek to host this international workshop in Siem Reap Angkor. He also briefly highlighted Padek’s history of involvement in Cambodia. Peace building is one of the components which Padek integrated into the whole programme through conflict resolution committees at the commune level. This is also in line with the policy of the government in building peaceful society and nurturing peace culture. Please refer to his full speech, annex 3.

Remarks by Ms. UI Shiori: the Workshop Coordinator of AHI

On behalf of AHI, the co-organizer and sponsor of the IWS, UI expressed her deep thanks to the Royal Government of Cambodia for allowing AHI to working Cambodia helping the poor people in the field of health in partnership with Ministry of Health and NGOs. She briefly introduced AHI, a Japanese NGO started in 1980, with donations from private Japanese citizens. AHI has no office outside Japan, but works with partner organizations in Asia. In Cambodia, AHI’s partners are NCHP, MEDiCAM, CYDC, and Padek. She explained the objectives of this International Workshop, and explained mottos of AHI . Please refer to her full speech, annex 4.

Opening Speech by H.E Pov Pesith, Siem Riep Provincial Council member

In his opening speech, H.E Mr. Pov Piseth emphasized that Cambodia had a chronic civil war for more than three decades; therefore, the country did not have enough time to focus on development of the country. But in the last couple of years, Cambodia has changed a lot such as improving local good governance as part of the government’s core rectangular strategy. Recently the government established an NGO law aiming at assisting all people to fully participate in daily sub-national development. The provincial authority is giving a priority to women and children in its annual plan. He also stressed that the provincial council is responsible for making a five year strategic plan and a 3 year moving plan. This planning process calls for a lot of participation from different stakeholders, the private sector, community, and NGOs.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 5 He went on to consider the meaning of peace. He said there are 2 main concepts of PEACE: 1) PEACE in the individual’s mind, and 2) PEACE in society. These two concepts have to go hand in hand. If each of us has peace in our mind, our family and then the whole society also has peace. When we have peace, we can continue to develop the society in terms of economy, infrastructure and so on. The value of the peace is very important, but if there is no peace, all of us may not have a chance to come and meet here.

Before the official announcement of opening the IWS, on behalf of the people in Siem Reap, expressed his condolences to all Japanese people who are facing tremendous disaster of earthquake and tsunami.

At the meantime he encouraged all the participants to visit Angkor Wat during their stay. He also announced that there would be 3 big events in Siem Reap province in 2011: the Ottawa Treaty on landmines, UNESCO Summit and ASEAN Summit. Please refer to his speech in annex 5.

2. Introduction and Orientation

To start the next session after the tea break, Mr. Kannaro asked all participants to introduce themselves by telling their name, how they are called, position, name of organization, and a brief description of their organization’s work.

He mentioned that the previous night participants made brief self-introductions but that now they would introduce themselves in more detail. Mr. Kannaro and UI-san then led a game for participants to remember each other’s names.

-Basic Questions/Expectations

UI-san continued by explaining the reasons for holding the workshop. This workshop had been planned with Padek since 2008 following the workshops organized in, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.

She went on to explain the basic questions and expectations for the IWS again, , by going through participants’ expectations. UI asked participants to look over the expectations and prepare basic questions by the following morning They were finalized and posted on the wall.

Basic Questions/Expectations

General on peace building:  How to combine peace building in health and development  Strategy for peace building through health and development  How to build peaceful communities  Impact of free market globalization to create conflict at grassroots  Find strengths and points for improvement of our program More specific on peace building:  How to encourage authorities to actively participate in community peace building  How we can integrate the community health plan into the commune investment plan

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 6  How / with whom to collaborate for peace building  How to strengthen solidarity in community  How to build awareness about peace issues, especially among the younger generation  How to prevent/stop our countries from militarization  Pluralism movement and interfaith dialogue  How to motivate refugees to return home More specific on health:  How to motivate health volunteers  How to motivate people for behavior change  Traditional oriental medicine

Finalizing the Workshop Schedule

Before finalizing the schedule, Mr. Kannaro reminded the participants of the objectives of the IWS as posted on the wall:

After going through the tentative schedule handed out on the previous day, the group finalized the schedule for the whole workshop. Some suggestions/concerns raised by the participants were incorporated. The basic session time was also decided as follows:

Breakfast: 6:30 to 7:30

Morning session :8:00-12:00

Afternoon session: 2:00-5:30

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 7 Schedule of International Workshop on Peacebuilding through Community Health and Development Date Activities 20 March - Arrival of the participants at Siem Reap Angkor - Preparation of exhibition by Each Group 17:00-18:00 Mini language Lesson (Optional) (1) (Sarik, PADEK) 20:30-22:00 Preparatory Meeting (PADEK and AHI) - Introduction: Name, Organization, Country, Team and Role. - Logistic Information, Schedule of 1st day, Distribution of Whole Schedule, Reminders 21 March 8:00-9:00 Opening Ceremony (MC Sokunthea, PADEK) - Guests: Key persons or Host - Welcome Speech (Kannaro, PADEK) families in Field Visits - What is AHI and IWS objectives(Ui, AHI) - Opening Speech by H.E. Pov Piseth, Member of Provincial Council, Siem Reap 10:30 Session: Orientation (PADEK and AHI) - Introduction of Participants - Finalizing of Basic Questions (Expectations for IWS) - Schedule Finalizing o Activities and Schedule o Daily design o Role of Organizing Team and Participants (Hosting Team’s role) o Ground Rule - Basic Concept of Peacebuilding o Introductory Game : Peace Line (Kyoko, AHI) o Actors and Strategies of Peacebuilding (Kannaro, PADEK) o Levels of Change (Ui, AHI) - Process Flow of IWS (Ui, AHI) - Case Sharing Orientation : o Nature of Conflict (Ui, AHI) - Cambodia Overview, History and Background of Cambodia (Kosal , PADEK) - Daily Feedback

22 March 07:30 Tour in Siem Reap - Hosting team: Philippines - Site of genocide: Wat Thmey - Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom 12:00 Lunch in restaurant in front of Angkor Wat 13:30 Visit to PADEK office in Siem Reap 15:30 Recap of the Previous Day 16:00 Session: - Personal Motivation for Peacebuilding (Drawing and Sharing One by One)

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

8 - Orientation of Case Presentation - Daily Feedback 18:30 Dinner outside with Apsara dance 23 March 07:30 Mini language lesson (Optional) (2) (Sokunthea, PADEK) - Hosting team: PADEK 08:00 Session: - Recap of the Previous Day - Case Presentations o Philippines o Indonesia o Timor Leste o MEDiCAM, Cambodia o Japan - Daily Feedback 20:00 Sharing by Mr. Chum Mey (A Survivor of S21 Prison) 24 March 08:00 Session:  Hosting team: Indonesia - Recap of the Previous Day - Case Presentations (Continued) o AHI o Nepal o CYDC, Cambodia  Synthesis of Each Case and Discussion  Case Presentation and Methodology (PICDM) of PADEK (Kannaro and Sokha, PADEK)  Field Visit Orientation (Sarik, PADEK) 25 March Field Visit and Home Stay in Varin District  2 groups at Svay Sar Commune  2 groups at Prasat Commune 26 March Field Visit and Home Stay in Angkor Chum District  4 groups at Tasom Commune

27 March 07:30 Travel Back from the Field Visit  Hosting team: Nepal and  Visit to Community Shop by SHG in Somrong Village, Angkor Thom District CYDC 15:30 Session:  Synthesis of Field Visit (Kannaro, PADEK) o Group work : Reflection and Suggestions as Guidelines o Presentation by Each Group and Discussion 20:00 (Optional) DVD Show of Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima/Nagasaki (Kyoko and Yuko, AHI)

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

9 28 March 08:00 Session: - (AM) Hosting team: Japan - Recap of the Previous Day - Overall Synthesis (Kannaro, PADEK / Deddette, Nagdilaab / Ui, AHI) o Concept of Peacebuilding , Globalization, Health and Conflict o Concept of Justpeace o Analysis and Summarization of Each Case - Making and Presentation of Points of Action o Orientation (Ui, AHI) o Group Work: Preparation of Points of Action by Each Group/Country - (PM) Hosting Team: Timor o Presentation and Discussion, Comments and Suggestions Leste - Final Evaluation 16:00 Closing Program (MC Sokunthea, PADEK)  Speech by Hosting Organization (Kannaro, PADEK)  Speech by Participant (Deddette, Nagdilaab)  Speech by Supporting Organization (Ui, AHI)  Closing Speech by H.E. Chan Sophal, Chief of Provincial Council  Offering Certificates to Participants 18:30 Solidarity Party and Cultural Sharing 29 March  Departure from Siem Reap

Facilitation team: Hosting Organization (PADEK) 1. Mr. Kep Kannaro

2. Ms. Sok Sokunthea

3. Mr. Heng Sarik 4. Ms. San Sao Acrun Co-Organizing and Supporting Organization (AHI) 1. Ms. UI Shiori 2. Ms. SHIMIZU Kyoko

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

10 Afternoon Session

3. Logistics and Ground Rules

Before the afternoon session, Sokunthea announced and distributed documents related to room list #, Basic Questions, participant information, list of questions, question-answered case study sharing and Padek history.

To start the session in the afternoon, Ui-san discussed how to start the day and how to end the day, sharing responsibilities, and ground rules by brainstorming with all participants. The group decided as follows:

Start the day with morning prayer or short silence Role of Daily Hosting Team

Finish the day with feedback on the day’s sessions.  Lead morning prayer/ exercise  Recap from previous day Ground rules  Daily feedback/ evaluation  Ice breaker/energizer  AHI alumni assist and orient tem mates  Time keeping  Respect time  Moderate open discussion  Keep telephone on silent mode  Speak loudly  Actively participate, especially non-speaking participants

4. Basic Concept of Peace Building – Peace Building Game (Kyoko) To start the session, Kyoko-san asked :

1. Is your country/community peaceful or not?

2. How peaceful is your country/community? By using the string as measure of peace in the country and community each country participants get up and hold the string to indicate the level of the peace on the string of their country.

- Nepal is less than 50 % peaceful. Why? Give reasons Killing and kidnap is still common in the country - Timor Leste is 50% peaceful. Why? Because people still escape to Indonesia - Japan is 50% peaceful because (why Japan is so low in peace), Japan should be higher peaceful country than other countries in the IWS. In Japan people still want to kill each other, why because they just want to kill, - Cambodia is 60% peaceful country - Philippines is 60% peaceful, because even though we do not have war, we could not attain peace in the community, - Indonesia is ?% peaceful, because struggle with other people in neighboring areas - 3. Do you feel peace in your mind? For each individual participant, how peaceful are you? From 0-100%?

4. Why are you here/you chose that percentage?

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 11 There were some discussion regarding why Japan was 50%, claimed as less peaceful than other countries. Kyoko continued about peace building. Peace could start from the individual, to the family, community, country and worldwide. In general, peace will start from individual people..

- UI mentioned that the purpose of the session was to find out what peace means to each participant in various aspects. - Kannaro commented on peace, he wanted all of the participants to have common understanding of peace concepts in your community or country. He also asked why Japan does not have more peace because each Japanese person does have internal peace.

5. Basic Concepts of Peace Building -- Padek’s Concept of Peace Building (Kannaro)

After the tea break, Mr. Kannaro, presented the peace building concept and framework, He went on by detailing Padek’s concept of peace building.

In Padek’s framework, peace and peace building does not refer only to war or fighting but it means “The peaceful society is one in which social, political and economic environment are secured, where there is a respect for human rights and rule of law and where the human is central”

Some developed countries do not have full peace. For example, Japan is a rich country but not 100% peaceful -- some people are living with insecurity such as social disorder, suicide, kidnapping and killing from day to day.

In Cambodia, land grabbing by powerful government officials is still a main issue, and the natural resource management is out of control of the government. Only a small group benefits. As NGO development workers, how can we solve the problem in the community? As you know, Cambodia had three decades of chronic war, and Siem Reap province was a former fighting zone, which led to poverty and distrust among people in the community. However, trust building among the community members is very difficult. Usually, peace building is starting from the individual family in the community. Padek Director continued to explore more about the definition of peace in the Cambodian context. There are two basic perspectives related to peace. Some accuse the NGOs for educating people to stand against the government. However, Padek is building the capacity of the local people, because if their capacity does not grow, then the community cannot develop.

UI-san noted on various aspects of peace building from the discussion and summarized as:

- Mental and spiritual - Human security - Social, political and economic environment - Basic needs - Education for wisdom - Negative, positive peace - Human Rights justice - Trust relationship building - Individual/family

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 12 - Ms. Deddette comments:

- Empowering people - People know their rights and authority - They know very well to fight powerful people - People understood about their basic rights on what they should do

Ms. Yuko

- Sometimes conflict is not visible, because it is inside

Kannaro continued to explore more about peace and its approaches in order to build peace in the communities where we work.

Through the discussion, the group had some common concept on peace building as a base for this workshop. Then Kannaro and UI introduced some framework for analysis to be used in this workshop. They were posted on the wall to refer throughout the workshop.

Then, the overall flow of the workshop was explained by UI in a chart. The chart was posted on the wall throughout the workshop, and each day, the chart was used to situate the group where they were and the following flow of the workshop.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 13 Basic Concept of Peace Building  Actors and Strategies of Peace Building (Kannaro)

Types of Actors Approaches to Building Peace

Few

Level 1: Top Leadership Focus on high-level negotiations Military / political / Emphasizes cease-fire religious / leaders with Led by highly visible, single high visibility. mediator.

Level 2: Middle – Range Leadership Leaders respected in sectors. Ethnic / Problem-solving workshops religious leaders / Academics / Training in conflict resolution intellectuals / Humanitarian leaders Peace Commissions (NGOs) Insider-partial teams

Affected Population Affected

Level 3: Grassroots Leadership Local leaders, leaders of Local Peace Commissions indigenous NGOs, community Grassroots training development workers, Prejudice reduction local health officials, Psychosocial work in postwar trauma.

Many

Figure Types of Actors and Approaches to Peacebuilding (Lederach、２００４）

Kannaro asked the participants to think about the actors and approaches related to peace building in their own local and national contexts.

Basic Concept of Peace Building  Level of Change (UI) Structural

Cultural

Relational

Personal

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 14 Flow and Processes of IWS (UI)

Case Sharing Synthesis Padek ------Basic Questions Reflection Overall Points of ------Case Presentation Synthesis Action (What Participants on Padek want to know/get ------Field Visit Case from the workshop?) ------

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

15 6. Nature of Conflict (UI)

UI-san introduced another guide for analyzing various cases: Nature of Contemporary Conflicts as:

• Resource-based Conflict- base on competition for economic power and access to natural resources. • Conflict over Governance and Authority- based on competition for political power and participation in political processes. • Ideological-based Conflict- based on the competition between rival ideologies and value system • Identity-based Conflict- competition between rival ethnic, religious or other communal identity groups for access to political and economical power and social justice

7. Case Sharing Orientation (UI)

UI-san explained the case presentation guidelines as follows:

Each team will present on their country, profile of the organization, and their programme, highlighting the project related to Peace Building. For more details, please see the guideline sent to all participants prior to the workshop. Please refer to the sharing guideline in annex 6

Case Sharing Guidelines

1. National and local background (Cambodian pax no need, done by Padek on behalf) 2. Organization (please see the guidelines written in MEMORANDUM) 3. Concrete case ( “ )

Note:  For International: 1.5 hours

 Cambodia: 1 hour

(Including Q&A)

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 16 8. Overview, History and Background of Cambodia (Kosal , Padek)

To deepen understanding of Cambodian history as well as the conflict, Padek staff member Mr. Srei Kosal presented the history of Cambodia and nature of civil war. Other Cambodians also added information. Please refer to the presentation in annex 7.

This session was very useful especially for international participants to deepen understanding on Cambodian history and background of conflicts in Cambodia. This common understanding facilitated the understanding and analysis of various cases in Cambodia, including field visits of PADEK case

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 17 Day 2 : Cambodian History & Motivation for Peace Building

1. Visit to Angkor Wat and the Genocide Monument

Participants traveled by car to Wat Thmey to see the temple and mini genocide monument, and continued to visit Angkor Wat and Bayon Temples. One tour guide was hired to explain the history of Angkor and the genocide. The purposes of this visit were to allow the international participants to learn about the genocidal regime as well as the great history and culture of Cambodia. Cambodian participants also served as informal guides for international participants. International participants could feel and learn the suffering of Cambodian people and also joys and pride of people in Cambodian culture.

2. Personal Motivation for Peace Building

After lunch the participants went to visit the Padek Branch Office in Siem Reap, especially the international participants.

To begin the afternoon session, Mr. Kannaro welcomed all the participants and gave the floor to the Philippines team to recap of the 1st day.. For the recap, they led a “hot potato” to answer key questions related to yesterday’s session. .

To continue the session, Ui-san, explained the guidelines for sharing personal motivations for working for peace building. On sheet of paper, participants were requested to take three minutes to draw one or two pictures highlighting the important events in their lives that led them to work/or keep on working on peace building.

Each participant shared their personal motivations related to peace building by explaining their pictures.

 Map of Cambodia represented zone of war. I saw the skulls of genocide and that’s why I wanted to work on peace building.  I was separated from my family because of war; I saw many fighting among Cambodians. How can I contribute to peace fo the individual? Finally, I decided to work with NGOs that work on peace building.  Conflict among the rural people, they normally solved with violence or force. I don’t want them solve problems by fighting. Actually, I wanted all people to solve their problems in a peaceful way.  From peace the community can make development faster. Once there is conflict the rural people will suffer from the conflict.  When I and my family wanted to applyfor the visa, then there was an explosion near the place.I saw a boy was bleeding, and I took him to the hospital. Therefore, I cancelled all photos taken.  Because of civil war I saw people killed every day, so this encouraged him to work for peace.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 18  What engaged me to the peace building? Because I saw many bad things in my community So I have a chance to join this workshop to learn from all participants with different perspectives, and then bring the experience to build peace in the community.  Many Cambodian people became poor because of the war which they tried to win over each other, so they did not have enough time to develop the country.  I wanted to work on peace building because there is no equality in the community  There is something wrong in the world/the war of world; therefore, I wanted to work on peace building because I want to see the world look well.  I saw only war, and family members die. That is why I wanted to work on peace building  At an early age, I left my family and I experienced violence. That is why I wanted to work on peace building. (I saw the kidnapping of my co-workers)  I saw many people had problems because of the civil war. That’s why I wanted to work on peace  In long term civil war, there are a lot of problems such as domestic violence, beating and fighting, to restore the community. That’s why I wanted to work on peace building.  In the Hiroshima bombing many people lost their lives; I don’t want to see people lose their lives. So I want to work on peace building.  Because some people say, it is very important in our lives, so it should start from me, my family and neighbors. Peace is the key factor for development.  I saw many refugees, cried and suffered and I wanted them go back home. That’s why it led me to work on peace building.  If you want someone with full heart, then peace is in you.  If there is no peace there will be no development  Because of the kidnapping of my family, and because of the poverty that forces them to do dirty jobs like this. I want to see people live in good health and peace. Once there is a big tree and peace  In Cambodia there were many landmines and many people had AIDS/HIV

The group shared their motivations and reasons incorporating their life stories. Some could not stop talking and listening without tears. This was a very personal and emotional sharing time. This sharing helped the group to better understand each other’s background and their personal concerns, which enhanced further discussion on peace building work and feeling of solidarity among the group.

The day’s session ended with the peace song from the Philippines team.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 19 Day 3 : Case Presentations

Before the day’s session started, Ms. Sok Sokunthea offered 15 minutes to teach basic Khmer language to international participants.

To begin the day’s session, Mr. Kep Kannaro asked all the participants if they had any concerns or appreciation.

Morning Session (Moderated by Kyoko)

The session started at 8:15 am, Mr. Im Polin reviewed the previous day session by asking questions related to the genocide museum in Wat Thmey, the personal sharing and the Padek branch office

 What did you learn from the museum? The Nepalese and Indonesian participants commented on they felt bad because the skulls and bones were displayed in public rather than cremated or buried. A Timor Leste participant commented that the situation in Cambodia is similar with Timor Leste, because neighbors killed and fought each other.

 Through the personal stories related to peace building, what impression did you have forward their stories? A Pilipino participant commented that we should work hard to as NGOs in order to bring peace to the community.

 What is your expression once you saw the Padek Branch Office in Siem Reap province?

To continue the session, Mr. Kep Kannaro introduced the commune authorities who came to observed the session, and to meet participants. They were Mr. Ya Bean, chief of Tasom commune; Mr. Run Chhly, a villager in Svay Sor commune (one of host families); Mr. Choun Kang, commune chief of Prasat commune; Mr. Lina, chief of Svay Leu commune. These three communes volunteered to host the field visit of IWS.

Before staring the case presentation, Ui-san reminded participants of the process flow and level of change, and also distributed handouts on the “Nature of Contemporary Conflicts.”

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 20 Case Presentations

Case 1: NAGDILAAB FOUNDATION INCORPORATED Peace Building Project (Philippine Team)

The team was led by Deddette.

Highlights of the presentation 1. About the Philippines 2. Basilan Province- Demography 3. Divided into different colors 4. Culture of Violence and Silence 5. Governance 6. Responses 7. About NAGDILAAB FOUNDATION INCORPORATED 8. Projects and Programme of Nagdilaab Foundation Please refer to the presentation in annex 8

Basilan province is autonomous; the majority of the population is Muslim (about 65%) and 35% is Christian. The province is facing financial problems because the central government does not support it. Financial resources must be mobilized within the province, and they do not have enough budget for primary healthcare, education and infrastructure.

- Our Divided Issues o Culture of violence o Young people have few opportunities at school o Kidnapping the poor o - Governance: o Government lack of accountability and transparency o Lack of political will o Passive citizens

- Organization’s response - Organization’s Vision - Human Security

After tea break, Mr. Khleang Samlot led all participants in an energizer, a rubber band and straw passing game. After this, participants continued with a question and answer session on the Philippines presentation.

Question: How do you integrate peace building into your program activities?

Answer: We do peace building through community health volunteers.

Question : When you cooperate with the rebels, how does the government look at you as NGOs?

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 21 Answer: Actually, the rebels already signed a peace agreement with government by peace process.

Comment: Your presentation indicated the 2500 beneficiaries of your project, but you did not show the progress of their living conditions. How are their living conditions?

Answer: Because the project just started, we do not have relevant data.

Question：How do you encourage the local government, especially the military, to join the project and peace building?

Answer: Actually, we built good relationships at all levels and we always inform the local authorities.

Question: What type of conflict is there in your community?

Answer: One is resource conflict base, values and corruption.

The facilitator asked, “What lessons did you learn from the strategy of the Philippine team’s presentation?” Participants agreed to summarize the nature of conflict after each case such as,

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root cause Who is Strategy/ Capacity Lessons Challeng conflict: of conflict: involved Building learned es (internal and external) - Governan - Lack of - High - Trainings and - Good (not ce basic ranking prayer session, relationship available) - Resource services officials, advocacy with based - Unfair youth - Peace campaign government - Identity distribution community (culture of peace military and based of resources members workshop) share - Basic needs - Religious - Peace and conflict information not met leaders impact - Conflict arose assessment because basic before needs not met project/activities - Recycle - Human security remaining approach weapons into - Interreligious symbol of assembly peace building - Organizing and education community,especi ally youth - Mainstreaming peace integrated development activities - Multi stakeholder partnership

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 22 Case 2: Peace Building through Acupuncture (Indonesian Team)

To continue the day’s session, the Indonesian team presented their case by showing pictures and posters on the wall of the conference room.

Highlights of the presentation

 About Acupuncture Education Institute- Programme and Activities  Harmonization between the three NGOs  How acupuncture is building harmonization between Christians and Muslims  The activities of NGUDI WARAS- Oriental Medicine Therapist  About PONDOK PESANTREN, peace building through religious healing

Question: What is your relationship between the 3 organizations?

Question: Why does the community put their trust in traditional medicine more than modern medicine?

Question: Do you have a licensing system for traditional medicine?

Question: Why did you respond on acupuncture? What factors motivated you?

Question: What are the challenges and how do you address them?

Question: Who are the participants in acupuncture training?

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root cause Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lessons Challenges conflict: of conflict: involved Building learned (internal and external) - Identity - People are - Oriental - Provide services to - Interreligious - Less based neglected medicine, anyone peace involvem (personal by the therapist in - Oriental medicine building ent with misunders government the training through local tanding), in providing community - Religious leaders leaders authority personal services. - Religious play as role model - Health - No conflict to leaders - Use of media for volunteers support religious - Governmen advocacy workers as from conflict t Officers - Promote good connectors govt. - Economic, cultural custom of the - Solve local (Ministry resources community, example conflict by of base mutual health local Health), - Promote good community/ sustainab practice of religion, people ility? example, donation for the poor - Useful skills trainings and incomes

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 23 Afternoon session

Case 3: Sustainable Hygiene Marketing for Community Volunteers in Liquisa and Lautem Districts (Timor Leste team)

Highlights of the presentation

 History of Timor Leste  The government system of Timor Leste  Information of the case presentation -- Lautem district profile  Conflict situation- the issues and gaps

Please refer to Power Point presentation in annex 9.

Question: How did you encourage women in peace building? (Sak Mon),

Answer: We integrated women into the water and sanitation program, and most of the health volunteers are women. Actually, the project does not focus on gender mainstreaming and promotion.

Question: The flag symbol of Timor Leste represents violence (weapon)

Answer: Timor Leste got independence from Indonesia through fighting to gain support from international communities.

Question: Are many people in the community practicing traditional medicine/therapies? Is there any other intervention related to modern medicine?

Answer: In the beginning, the people tried to solve the problems by themselves, but if it does not get better, the village chief brings them to the hospital, then the problems will be solved.

Question: The government is implementing the same project, so how do you connect your project with the government?

Answer: The project has good relationship and cooperation with health sector at level of the government.

Question: If you have conflict, is there a rule of law to ensure the conflict resolution?

Comment: Timor Leste just got independence, so there are still many things to consider related to the rule of law.

To conclude, the director of Padek asked all the participants to synthesize the presentation of Timor Leste by asking leading questions as below.

What did we learn from the presentation?

 They use traditional ways and local wisdom to resolve the conflict,  The peace is very fragile

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 24  They do not have enough knowledge to make peace

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root cause Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lesson Challenges conflict: of conflict: involved Building learned (internal and external) - Political - Big gap - Religious - Corporation with - Introduce - In /governan between rich leaders/cul government to traditional cooperation ce based and poor, in tural promote health ways to in health and - Resource terms of leaders - Establishment of solve cooperatives based resource - Village health committee conflict - Educate conflict - Different chiefs extension people, not to - Identity Ideology - Veterans - Farmer to farmer be bases during sharing manipulated - Ideology political - Capacity building by military bases campaign Sustainability political - Unequal - Organizing people in parties share of corporative - Raising resources - Village Health awareness - Women not volunteers on treat due to empowermen sex t to people - Dimensions of peace, how we integrate

The moderator gave the floor Mr. Sok Sovannarith, Medicam, to present their case. .

Case 4: Peace Building through Community Health Forum (MEDiCAM, Cambodia)

Highlights of the presentation

 What is Community Health Forum (CHF)?  Objective  Process for conducting the CHF  Where has CHF been conducted?  Who is on the Panel?  Common issues and voices of community raised at the CHF  Learnings from CHF Please refer to the presentation in annex 10.

Question: How can we bring health issues to policy change?

Answer: We send the health issues to the secretary of state in charge of heath service providers to solve the problem.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 25 Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root cause Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lesson Challenges conflict: of conflict: involved Building learned (internal and external) - Governanc - Unjust - Public health - Community health - Behavior - Strengthen e and health providers: forum (in change of and follow- resource service RH, OD, partnership with individuals up decisions based system Health center NGOs) in each and - People ack staff - The use of media existing commitment opportunity - Policy - Consultation policy made to raise makers, local amongst various - advocacy - How to voices authorities actors based regularize - Economic (Provincial - Involving CHF with resource Health Dept) governmental other local based - Community official, central, resources - Malfunctioni people local and national - Build trust ng system (Patients/user - Pre-post survey between s) - Encourage government people to voice and people. out ideas/ rights - Joint advocacy with NGO networks - Educate government workers on professional ethics and policy updates - Ongoing engagement with GOs/IGO. - Advocate and awareness raising at all levels (local, national and international)

To continue the afternoon session, Ms. Sak Mom led the energizer, and then Ms Yuko Okuma took the floor to present a case from Japan.

Case 5: Citizens’ Peace Movement (2004-2008) (Yuko, Japan)

After a brief introduction about AHI, Yuko presented a general situation of Japan and issues related to peace, and explained 2 cases of citizens’ actions.

Highlights of the presentation

- General information about Japan - Socio-economic characteristics

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 26 - Decentralization policy - Administrative divisions - Citizen’s peace movement - Strategy - Achievements - Challenges Please refer to her presentation in annex 11.

Question: How did globalization bring impact in peace of Japan

Answer;: Gap between the rich and the poor increased . Government focus on national security rather than basic needs like health.

Question: Are there any Muslim role in peace building in Japan ?

Answer: : Very small percentage of Muslim, but, there was one group which joined anti-Iraq war movement.

Question: Why not protest to end the US-Japan Security Treaty and let US Army out of Japan? Is there any such movement?

Answer: Some people are strongly protesting. But majority of people especially living far from the US bases citizens are passive to the government’s decision, not being interested in this matter. Another problem is the huge subsidy given to local government for holding US Bases. Also, local economy is involved in US base..

Question: Why is Japan still afraid of North Korea or other countries?

Answer: : Peace Constitution does not allow Japan to go to war again, but some people are afraid of Nuclear weapon of North Korea and say that “we need more defense!”, but in my opinion, Increasing defense calls for more defense of others. (Expansion of defense in the world)

Comment: "Second Step" (education for pre-school children) is very interesting approach. But before learning “how to solve the conflict”, young children should learn to share the common things (toys of class, etc)

2. Sharing Experience during the Khmer Rouge Regime: by Mr. Chum Mey (A Survivor of S21 Prison) The session started at 8:00 pm. The purpose of this session was to share the experience of Mr. Chum Mey, one of the survivors from Toul Sleng Prison (known as S 21) during the Khmer Rouge regime. Before giving the floor to Mr. Chum Mey, Kannaro briefly thanked him for kindly participating in this IWS. He also added that Mr. Chum Mey would stay for only a few days of the workshop and then leave for Phnom Penh to present in the final trial of Mr. Duch, a former leader of the Khmer Rouge.

Mr. Chhum Mey shared his experiences during the Khmer Rouge Regime . He told the personal story on the following topics,

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 27 1. Personal biography and story during Khmer Rouge 2. Khmer Rouge Tribunal 3. Find justice, peace and conciliation for other Khmer Rouge victims 4. The establishment of Ksem Ksam association to find justice for other victims 5. Find partner NGOs to support Ksem Ksam 6. Gratitude to Padek and AHI for inviting him to speak in IWS

This was a very rare and precious opportunity to hear testimony from the survivor himself for both Cambodians and international participants. The group also appreciated his willingness and commitment to share his painful memory in order to pass on important messages to younger generations.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 28 Day 4: Case Presentations

Morning Session Moderated by Kannaro To begin the day 4 sessions, the moderator gave the floor to the daily hosting team, the Indonesian Team, to lead the prayer and recap from the previous day. The moderator announced schedule changes. The participants decided to shift the night session video show on Hiroshima to March 27, 2011 to allow time for shopping and private dinner.

To continue the morning session, the moderator gave the floor to Ms Kyoko from Japan.

1. Case Presentations (Continued)

Case 6: Peace Building Activities in Grassroots: Fostering “Peace Messenger” of Next Generation (Kyoko, AHI, Japan) Highlights of the presentation

• What happened in WW2 in Japan • Nisshin Case • Hiroshima Case • Difficulties and Challenges

Please refer to the Presentation in annex 12.

Question: Why Japan suffered so much from the nuclear bombs, and yet still use nuclear energy for power generation?

Answer: Under the promotion of a national energy policy by the government, Japanese people were made to think nuclear arms and nuclear power plants are different things. However, from this power plant accident in March, people realized that they are equally dangerous. Even though some may know that it is dangerous, most of the people feel it is a matter of the areas with nuclear power plants, but not everyone’s concern. People now realized that it is the critical issue for all. Now is a chance for change. ,

Question: Could you give me more specific departments of government that you work with?

Answer: Peace groups in Nisshin City work with Departments of Education, Welfare, Disaster Prevention, and it also collaborate with the city Library.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 29 Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lesson Challenges conflict: cause of involved Building learned conflict: (internal and external) - Political - Political - Victims of the - Education to young - Good - Innocent conflict - Broken war people documentat among - Environ society - Young - 0verseas education ion people ment Generation - Use law/constitution as - Linkage - UN - Ideology - Local base for education daily issue predicate (Americ people/civil - Rights based - Daily nuclear an – society approach: ”right to live rememberi effect oriented) - Local in peace’ ng - Old - Identity government - Peace education in - Conflict is generation base - Education school curriculum inevitable increased department/s (respond to daily - Young chool problems) generation - City library - Non nuclear high rate of declaration commit - Elimination of nuclear suicide weapons - Depend on - Exhibition Concerts US - Water protection (Drama) - Produce peace building children actors - Educate/motivate children to become peace messengers - Volunteerism - Exchange information

Case 7: Peace Building through Participatory Health Promotion Training in Cambodia (UI, AHI, Japan)

Highlights of the presentation

 Social background of Cambodia  Health promotion training  Survey outline and results  Points for discussion:: 5 Factors facilitating the process  Recommendation/lessons learned

Please refer to the presentation in annex 13.

Question: Could explain more about roles of health promoters?

Answer:: The health promoter’s role is often times to share information on health to motivate people for prevention, but also s/he can bring the people together in order to achieve common goals in health. It is a health work, but can contribute to peace building through

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 30 regular day to day activities. Health workers have special advantages/strengths to play such roles.

Comment: The presentation reminded me of while I worked with village development committee. Finally they engaged their family, and this is part of the peace building process.

To continue, the Cambodian team gave some follow-up activities to synthesize UI-san’s presentation. The group concluded that trust building is fundamental to peace building.

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lesson learned Challenge conflict: cause of involved Building s conflict: (internal and external) - Authority - Low - Government - Reconciliation with - Restoring trust - Collabora base education health former enemy - How to lead tion with - Ideology among workers - Training on health former enemies AHI and base people - Former - Integrate Peace to become governm especially health cadres building through friends ent youth of Pol Pot’s health section - Reconciliation - Injustice regime - Participatory starts from of approach individual’s mind resource - Reconciliation - Health as an allocation approach entry (common - Health concerns/ need) trainer/workers as to work together peace promoters - Continuity of efforts

Case 8: Building Peace in Health System and Community Based Primary Health Network Advocacy (CYDC, Cambodia)

Highlights of the presentation

 History of CYDC  CYDC location  Target areas  Vision and Mission statement  Target group project implemented  Donors supported  CYDC implement strategy  Project background  On-going project  Case of community base primary health care advocacy  Project outcome  Strategy approach  Sustainable structure  Partnership and networking

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 31 Please refer to the presentation in annex 14.

After the presentation the moderator gave the floor to all the participants for questions, comments and discussion

Question: How to engage households in the community financial project?

Question: What were the constraints/challenges in project implantation?

Question:: What are the challenges to organize the youth?

The presentation was synthesized as follows:

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root Who is Strategy/ Capacity Lessons Challenges conflict: cause of involved Building learned conflict: (internal and external) - Economic - Poverty - Youth - Community Health - Focus on - Involving base - Lack of - Mothers Network vulnerable local - Identity rights abilities - Promote local groups authorities base - Village health governance (people - NGO as - Peace - Governan supporting participation) model of education ce base groups - Training youth as transparency for youth - Health center community and management workers/leaders accountability committee - Facilitate to form youth association - Link to government resources for sustainability - Youth empowering

Case 9: The History of Peoples’ Struggle for Democracy (Manohar, SRCD, Nepal)

Highlights of the presentation

General information about Nepal  The diversity of Nepal  History of Nepal  Movements for democracy  Impact of conflict  The intervention of SRCD to restore harmony in the area  Achievements  Major activities of SRCD

Please refer to the Presentation in annex 14.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 32 Afternoon session

Kyoko-san of AHI moderated the synthesis of the Nepali presentation.

Synthesis of the Presentation

Nature of Root cause Who are Strategy/ Capacity Lesson Challenges conflict: of conflict: involved Building learned (internal and external) - Governanc - Instable - Political - Conducting the - Decision - Making e based government ethics/Parties conflict making by government - Ideology - Immunity of /Group management people to response based Human - Local leaders training for all - Respect people’s - Identity Rights - Local levels from down people voice based - Gap authorities to top demand - Resourc between rich - Community - Approaches to - Trust e based and poor Social every levels (Top- building Workers Down) amongst - Religious - Community visit different leaders among affected group - Volunteers of villagers - Security for all the - Peaceful the students who Demonstration volunteers joined the - Building network in the area peace building among NGOs - Hinduism- activities (collective voice) Secularism

After the synthesis of the Nepal case, UI-san prepared participants for the next case study, by the host organization, Padek. She reminded participants of the workshop framework introduced on the 1st day, and stressed that one of the workshop objectives was to learn from Padek’s model of integrated community development. She asked participants to pay attention to how Padek was working, its strategies to integrate peace building into its community health and development work, and its strategies for collaborating with the government and with people’s organizations.

She also reminded participants that they should note points to further investigate during the field visit starting the following day.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 33 PADEK Case

Case 10: Padek’s case presentation Building Peace through Community Health and Development (Em Sokha and Kannaro, Padek, Cambodia)

Two Padek staff members presented their experiences employing the Padek Integrated Community Development Model (PICDM).

Highlights of the presentation

 Brief Padek history of working in Cambodia  Vision, Mission and Goal of Padek  Where do we work?  How do we work?  Major activities  Key Principles Concrete case: Peace Building Project at grassroots level.

Please refer to the presentation in annex 16

Besides that, Padek director shared deeply regarding Padek’s way of working. He stressed that the Integrated Community Development Model is a strategy allowing Padek to work with community in a sustainable way by building vertical and horizontal cohesiveness in the community. Padek’s principles of working with the community are 1) Enhancing poor people’s livelihood, 2) Building capacity of the poor, 3) Empowering the poor by forming organizations and 4) Engaging them in meaningful discussion with the local authority to discuss issues affecting their livelihood. These four phases require Padek to spend 5 to 6 years working with the community in implying PICDM.

The following points were raised during the question time.

Question: What approaches did you use to build trust with the community/poor?

Answer: First we conduct a community study to find out what problems people are facing. Especially, Padek staff has to spend enough time with community members to gain mutual understanding and build rapport. The trust will be revealed among us.

Question: Do you have conflict resolution committee?

Answer: Yes, the conflict resolution committee is part of an expert committee and is established within the community to help prevent and resolve conflict happing in the community.

Question: Is there any special conflict resolution in other places?

Answer: In all Padek project areas, we have this committee

Question: How does Padek identify the ultra poor and poor?

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 34 Answer: There are two ways to identify poor and very poor household. 1) through conducting PRA and using wealth ranking tools, and 2) use the government poor and very poor household identification cards.

Question: Is this model adopted from other NGO or created by Padek?

Answer: From the beginning of Padek, each donor sent their experts to work in the areas separately and there was little coordination between them; therefore, each project area had a different working model and methodology. Finally, Padek looked into a common model, and created the Integrated Community Development Model. However, Padek is not donor driven, Padek does its work according to the context of Cambodia.

Question: Who is involved in working with SHG?

Answer: The experts working to address the needs of their community were elected by the community itself. Moreover, younger educated people have came to work with Padek as well.

Question: How does Padek motivate/encourage the volunteers to work longer in the community?

Answer::Based on the Padek policy, incentives can be given to volunteers (expertise members) who do their work such as providing training to the community members on specific skills they have or organizing a full village meeting to disseminate any information such as children’s vaccinations.

3. PADEK Field Visit Orientation (Sarik, Padek)

In the last session of today, the team leader of Padek Siem Reap, Mr. Heng Sarik, gave an orientation for the field visit. He presented the background of Siem Reap Area Support Unit and gave some instructions for the field visits. Agenda and schedule for March 25-26, 2011 were also distributed. The participants were divided into 4 groups (A1, A2, B3 and B4).

Please refer to the list of each group and schedule, and profiles of communities in annex 17.

To promote participants’ learning during the field trip, Padek director proposed some guided questions as follows.

1. What kind of conflict are you facing? 2. How do you solve the conflict? 3. Who helps you to solve the conflict? 4. Are you satisfied with the solution? 5. How did Padek help improve your livelihood? 6. Are you satisfied with Padek’s work? 7. What are your roles in the community in terms of peace building/conflict resolution/serving the community? 8. To what extent can the strategy of integrating peace building in Health and community development help people to resolve their problems/conflicts?

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 35

Day 5 : Prasat and Svay Sar Communes, Varin District

The IWS participants left the hotel at 8:00 am, traveling in four cars. As planned, two groups (A1 and A2) visited and stayed in Prasat commune, and the two other groups (B3 and B4) visited Svay Sar commune.

Day 6 : Tasom Commune. Angkor Chum District

The second day of the field visit, the participants proceeded to visit Tasom commune of Angkor Chum district. The groups met community members as planned. Each group met their host family, and at night a cultural exchange program was also organized by the community people.

Day 7: Community Shop in Leang Dai Commune & Reflections from the Field Visit

1. Visit to Community Shop in Leang Dai Commune

After 2 hours travel by dirt road from Angkor Chum district, the participants arrived at Angkor Thom district which has also been a target area of Padek since 1995. The participants were invited to visit a community shop (Cooperative) in Samrong village owned by members of the SHG and supported by Padek and ILO. After interaction with the shop sellers and Padek staff, a short session was organized to brief participants about the community shop’s background and operation. The session was facilitated by Padek’s Executive Director and participated in by community representatives and cooperative members.

The group learned about the developed cooperative activity started from self-help group saving and credit. They were very impressed by the systematic and participatory way of managing the cooperative. The cooperative was not only working for their own income generation, but also had concerns for the community needs and made contributions. The shop was serving as a kind of community information center, such as educating and disseminating health information.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 36 Afternoon Session

2. Reflections and Analysis of the Field Visit

In the afternoon session participants reflected on Padek’s case. Before breaking up for small group work, the facilitator requested each group to select a group moderator, recorder and reporter. Each group spent 90 minutes to prepare for a presentation in the plenary session. UI-san reminded participants of the format for synthesis of the case. As before, the framework guided participants to consider the nature of conflict, root cause of conflict, people involved, strategy, lessons learnt, challenges and recommendations.

Each group was to present their synthesis in turn, beginning with two presentations in the afternoon session. The syntheses of the first two groups are printed below.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 37 Presentation 1: Reflections/feedback from the field visit in Padek's project area:

Group A1: UI, Jeng, Gil, Juve, Acrun and Deddette

Conflict Solution People involved Strategy Lesson learned Challenges Recommendations

- Economic: Poverty- - Form self help - Commune chief - Research: survey - Collaborative work - Sustainability of - More lack of food, groups - Elderly - Community reaches more Government coordination of migration, land - Rice, cow and pig - Monks Organizing people e.g., TB health center PADEK and conflict and banks - Education: DOTS staff Health Center to - Village ownership, - Formation of Awareness/ - Involvement of monitor data re: - Resources Community health development Conscientization inter-sector common illness - Education: School volunteers, assist committee - Capacity and management by - Other services for proper buildings and in the - Village expert Confidence building one committee to those who planning and facilities, levels implementation of - Commune - Monitoring tool in- thru re CCBO are very poor action education government Development place by community - Work with and not a - Strengthen - Lack of Access to programs like TB Committee and staff government helps member of environmental health services, DOTS - Community leaders solve the problem SHG issues or - Conflict sanitation, hygiene, - Assist or refer encouraged to join - Health community concerns water mother in labor to Resolution local decision-making training done - Solid Waste - Domestic violence the health center. Committee at body according to - Focus on Basic Management and vices like - Loan and savings village and - inter-sectoral season’s health Health Care - More advocacy gambling and - Community shops. commune level collaboration concern for allocation of drinking and a stray - Traditional way of - PADEK staffs - Policy Advocacy thru - Human dignity commune to the animal resolving conflict. - Government national network like promoted thru village basic - Lack of - Rule of law land issue SHG methodology needs health workers transportation - Annual activity - Regular - Review policies - Disrupting cultural - plan at the village - POLICE supervision leads that could behaviors due to level done. - NGO network to effective results encourage very the presence of - Conflict resolution - Responding to poor to be new residence committee immediate needs member of SHG, - Literacy class with a long term minimum savings goal. or other - PB is a lifetime programs that process and they could commitment. participate

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

38 Presentation 2: Reflections/feedback from the field visit in Padek's project area:

Group A2: (Monohar, Tim Vanna, Yuko, and Po Borin)

How do they solve Who help the to Conflict Strategy Lesson learned Challenges Recommendations the conflict solve the conflict

- Domestic violence - Traditional way - CCRC (3 - SHG formation - Community can - Unawareness of - Recording system - Land issues (key people and people from - Provide training solve their own conflict - Interaction between - Gang fighting the monk) CCC and 3 to expert groups problem resolution experts and health - Health issue . from CSO) - Help promotion - Padek focus on - The conflict not center - Political issue - Police by resource gender issue shared with person relevant stakeholders

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

39 To close today session, Mr. Kannaro announced that as we agreed before we went to field visit, tonight there will be an optional video session about HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI bombing.

At the start of the video showing, Kyoko-san gave an introduction, and asked participants to consider why the US hurried to drop the a-bomb on Japan.

Many participants watched the documentary video.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 40 Day 8: Reflections, Overall Synthesis, Points of Action, Evaluation & Closing To start the morning session, the moderator recapitulated learning from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki video, and then introduced the remaining presentations synthesizing the field visit, as below

1. Reflections and Analysis of Field Visit (continued)

Two more groups presented. After each presentation, the facilitator gave the floor to the participants to ask questions and give constructive comments that Padek could consider to improve its project.

A Padek participant recommended we should not wait for intervention from the government regarding the irrigation system, even though all the relevant stakeholders have to bring the community concerns to relevant government ministries and relevant agencies. The health promotion actives should be integrated into the community shop operation, such as condom use.

One participant commented about the multi-function of the community shop, but it lacked staff and resources

To continue the morning session, Mr. Kannaro elaborated on the integration of Padek’s plan into commune development plan, as mentioned by Group B3. Padek facilitated the community to formulate a plan which addressed the real needs of the villagers at village and commune levels and then consolidated at Area Support Unit level, and even integrated into the Integrated Investment Plan at the district level. He also further clarified the significance of conflict resolution committee started at the community level, and now in some area institutionalized as commune level CRC.

Suggestions from 4 groups were noted by Padek. In November 2011, Padek plans to have a strategy review meeting. There some suggestions would be considered for improving the Padek work. Some of the suggestions were:

 incorporate traditional medicine in health activities, ie herbal medicine, massage, include those lessons in the health volunteers’ training  emphasize more on basic health behavior change, need basic hygiene improvement  strengthen collaboration with health centers, ie monitoring health data  consider programs that the very poor can also participate  well document CRC (conflict resolution committee) work and experience  strengthen producers association  more cross sharing experiences among staff and communities in other provinces

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 41 Presentation 3: Reflections/feedback from the field visit in Padek's project area:

Group B 3: (Malen, Kosal, Kinsorn, Sisswo, and Asif, Kyoko)

How do they solve Who helped to solve Lessons Conflict Strategy Challenges Recommendations the conflict the conflict learned

- Domestic - Commune - Neighbors - Established people - People - No land title - Radio talk show violence committee - Formal leaders organization at participatio - Difficult to change program - Land conflict roles - Potential persons village and n drinking habits - Oriental medicine (boundary) - Key persons in - NGO (Padek and commune levels - Local Gov't - No extra jobs/lack should be - Gangster village level ...) - Capacity building of participatio of skills improved/utilized to - Local wisdom - Community PO members n - Poverty increase people (dialogue) Commune Conflict - Networking with LA - Grassroots - No land health and human - Consolidation Committee and other relevant people - Illiterate/low relation from 3rd party - Monk, Police, stakeholders solved morality control - Agreement Teachers and - Increase livelihood conflict by from 3rd parties elderly people - Empowering themselves - SHGs grassroots people - Experts

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

42 Presentation 4: Reflections/feedback from the field visit in Padek's project area:

Group B4: (Vanna Sao, Im Polin, Momoy, Sak Mom, Samlot, Alkari)

Nature of Who helped to Root cause of conflict Strategy Lesson learned Challenges Recommendations Conflict solve the conflict

- Resources - Boundary dispute - Village leaders, - Organizing and - Good - Large coverage - Cross sharing based: - Poverty monks and empowering participation from areas experiences amongst - Governance - Less access to elders people women - Some roads can staff and community and natural resources - Commune chief - Networking - SHG concept not access in the - Reduce project authorities: - High inputs, but low - CCRC - Capacity - Link the training session coverage area - Ideology: outputs - Health building community shop - Lack of water to - Promote farmers to - - Land tittles committee - Livelihood and to health center increase build family irrigation - Poor health services - People infrastructure - Strong agricultural system (Community - Lack of school Organization assistance commitment of productivity ponds to store the facilities and quality - District, - Institutional Padek staff water for cultivation) - Poor infrastructure Provincial and building and - Good relationship - of West and East national levels mainstreaming between - Low education in - Local and - M&E and leadership and rural areas National and documentation staff international - Holistic NGOs approach - Security Sector

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011

43 2. Overall Synthesis on Peace Building

Kannaro showed a figure below, and explained the Cambodia’s situation with concrete examples, and how each Padek and community activities had important meaning as measures.. This clarified the emphasis of Padek trying to solve the livelihood and basic service issues along with peace building. The group confirmed the significance of self help group and community based organization, which provide venue/opportunities for people to express their tensions and problems at local level. Local issue should be solved at local level as much as possible. The very base is a strong and sustainable self-help group.

UI also added some explanation regarding the vicious cycle of inequity and conflict.

Cycle of Globalization, Health Inequality and Conflict

•Imbalance of opportunities within society •Compromised role of state •Increased degrees of relative •Increasing privatization deprivation •Reduction in social safety nets •Increased competition for •Reduced size and resources effectiveness of public sector •Absence of mechanism for •Increased weapons availability peaceful conciliation

Chronic Widening structural inequality Conflict problems and & Globali- grievances zation Inability of the state to manage (modified by UI Shiori, Original political challenges and maintain Figure by : Zwi, Fustukian,Sethi control over use of force 2002, U of New South Wales HCP, 2004)

Synthesis of All the Cases

All the cases shared and synthesized points were displayed on the wall. The group reviewed and picked up key points from each case. Actors and strategies/activities were placed in the triangle shaped framework introduced on the 1st day.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 44 Levels Actors Strategies/Activities National (Top) - High ranking Gov't officers - Advocacy through peace alliance - Min. of health policy makers - NGO position papers - National Alliance members - Information sharing with MoH - Youth Asia for Peace - Use law/constitution as abase for - Political/ethic Parties & Group education/advocacy - MOU with MRD/MOI - Collaboration with int'l partners - National NGO network - NGO Forum - Publication Regional (Provincial) - Regional alliance of peace - Conduct conflict management builders (peace weavers) training for each level - MoH - Link to Gov't Resource for - Provincial religious leaders sustainability - Gov't Officers - Participatory approach - Cultural leaders - Ongoing engagement with - NGO network GO/INGO - Local Alumni - Multi-stakeholder partnership - Political parties - Peace demonstration - Media - Building network amongst NGO for collective voice - Reconciliation between Enemy - Join advocacy with NGO network - Dialogue between partners in dispute - Declaration-NO Nuclear - Exhibitions concerns - Cooperate with government to promote health - Advocate with policy makers - Educate Gov't workers on ethics and policy updates - Consultation amongst various actors/stakeholders - Interreligious Assembly - Conducting workshop at provincial level Grassroots - Public health providers (RH, - Capacity building for the OD, Health center staff sustainability - Local court, lawyer - Establish commune health base - Youth community members extension - Oriental medicine (therapist in - Community health forum community) - pre and post survey - Village chief - Encourage people to voice out - SHG federation ideas rights - Village health volunteer - Awareness raising - Community members - Local education, especially to - Community health providers youth - Victims - Provide service to everyone - Mother/disabilities - Promote culture custom of - Elderly people community, ie. the mutual help - Children - Useful skill training and income - Health center management source committee - Farmer to farmer sharing - Chief of commune health - Encourage local leaders to take center part into decision making based - Chief of CCRC - Facilitate forming youth/women - Chief of CCBO association - Volunteer college students - Promote local governance - Self Help Group (people's participation) - Former Rebel Health Cadres - Train youth as community

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 45 - Community health social workers/leaders workers - Youth empowering - Religious leaders - Community visit amongst affected - Teacher villages - CRCMC - Promoting people into SHG - CCBO engagement with CC - Community experts establishment - Integration of peace building into development activities - Promote people learning center - Engagement PTA (parent teacher association) - Forming and capacity building of Commune Conflict Resolution Committee - Peace campaign - Multi-stakeholder partnerships - Community Health Network

Horizontal and Vertical Integration

Referring to a handout, the significance of horizontal and vertical integration was further added. Linking various sectors and actors at the grassroots levels, and connect them to upper level of actors, such as local authority. Parallel efforts for advocacy at the national level policy are also a role of NGOs working at the grassroots level. Some examples from shared cases were cited as concrete examples.

Especially, reviewing the case of Padek together, the group could see the on going efforts of such horizontal and vertical integration. Participants were encouraged to reflect their own work and strategies, which parts are strong and which parts are lacking or need to be strengthened.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 46

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 47 Justpeace

As an additional input, Ms. Deddette of Nagdilaab, Philippines, shared a concept of Justpeace to participants, as below:

Peace just be with justice. In both short and long term, we should work for meeting human needs of self AND others, NOT meet needs of self at the expense of others.

Justpeace Reducing Violence Transforming Conflict Goals: Goals: Stop or reduce violence Map Build relationships Create safe space  Analyze conflict Intermediate& Long Address people’s physical needs Address roots of conflict, violence, & injustice State Approaches: Meet needs of all groups in conflict Civilian and military peacekeeping & policing State Approaches: Ceasefire and short-term peace settlements Legal & judicial systems Human rights observers Diplomacy and official negotiation/mediation Relief aid Restorative justice processes Peace Zones Community-based Approaches: Prisons Community building programs, dialogues, rituals Community-based Approaches Trauma healing Shelters (homeless & women’s) Mediation centers & programs

- Victim assistance Community conferencing term Approaches Offender programs

Building Capacity Confronting Conflict Goals: Build individual, community, and national Nonviolently Justpeace capacity for institutionalizing justpeace Goals: values, skills & knowledge. Increase Awareness & Gain Sympathy Cycle Approaches: Increase or Balance Power Training & education Approaches: Social & economic development Human rights advocacy Research and development of new social,

term, Immediate Immediate term, Approaches economic, and political structures - Human rights monitoring Research and development of sustainable Direct action (protests, vigils, sit-ins, environmental and energy policies boycotts, etc.)

Short Coordinate peacebuilding programs Reduce material consumption

Social : Cultural : Respect Culture Security Religion Participation Identity Focus on meeting needs of self at expense of other: Focus on meeting human Domination over others needs Material: needs of self and other: Partnership with others in meeting Independence from others needs Food needs Willingness to use violence in Shelter Interdependence with others needs pursuit of human needs Health care Nonviolent approaches to meeting human needs

Secondary Violence as a Response to Structural Violence Structural Violence Increase Awareness & Gain Sympathy Cycle of Increase or Balance Power Systems, institutions, policies that meet Secondary Violence at the State level: some people’s human needs, rights, or Violence Terrorism wants at the expense of others. Civil Wars/Revolutions/Coups International war Secondary Violence on community level: Crime Interpersonal Violence Self-Destruction as a Response to Domestic Violence Structural Violence Sexual Abuse & Rape Allow destruction of self & other by others Self-Destruction through alcohol, drugs, suicide Depression Schirch 2002 Internalized Oppression

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 48 3. Making and Presenting Points of Action

To continue the session, the moderator gave the floor to UI to introduced "Points of Action": Guide questions were: - What learning/insights are applicable to your area? - How will you make a difference? - What are your actions/strategy? - What is your role? - Instructions

1- Discussion per team by themselves during the lunch break 2- Presentation and commenting (about 10 minutes each)

UI suggested to start the afternoon session at 2.00pm to secure time for group work.

In the afternoon session, group representatives presented on group learning and action to be taken. Some comments were given by other participants to the presenting teams.

Presentation of Points of Action (POA)

POA 1: Nagdilaab Foundation, Philippines

1. What learning insights are applicable to your area?

a. LGU is not only in aid of legislation but also building and supporting other partners on areas for the common good of the people b. SHG concept of microfinance and how our practice of microfinance can be enhanced by adapting applicable practices or theory c. Strengthening of alliances with other NGOs, POs

2. How will you make a difference in actions, strategies and roles?

1- Share experience to the staff regarding the IWS output during staff meeting and City Council meeting 2- Examine which programs, strategies and concept applicable basing from present programs and strategies implemented In regards to local government unit will sponsor a resolution, a resolution requesting the LGU to extend full support to all existing NGO’s working in the area in aid of legislation and ordinances for allocation of funds to program sustainability that the community needs. 3- Strict Implementation of the LG Code on CSO accreditation and participation in the City of Lamitan and Tipo Tipo 4- How this could be implemented in the different intervention.

Comments: - a and b are very general, could you specify what you really want to integrate in you project? - What do you want to share the most to your staff members in Philippines on the peace building? We will share the peace building process with them. - I hope the Philippines team will conduct IWS in Philippines

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 49 POA 2: Asif, Indonesia

1- Community shop for farmers’ group - Maximize our group on income generating model - Peace building model 2- Ready to facilitate Cambodian farmers organized by Padek (Skill transfer) - To maximize land production

POA 3: Agung, Indonesia

1- Expanding our activity on Oriental Medicine for Peace building by creating new group of Oriental Medicine - Collaboration with site university 2- Our roles to maximize our groups "NGUDI WARAS" oriental medicine group and tool builders - Propose Oriental Medicine workshop in Indonesia supported by AHI next year - Socializing of IWS skills to people, government, members.

POA ４: Siswo, Indonesia

- continuation of our mission on peace building through health and - community development -educating young generations using health as an - entry point -collaboration with necessary institutional group, local - people for support this program -widening necessary and appropriate - skills given in the workshop and improve in our working area

Indonesia POA Comments - How do you maximize)? We will increase more about peace building movement, and I will share the ideas of IWS with my government.? - What skills do you want to share in IWS? We will use all the experience from participant of IWS? -

POA 5: Juve and Gill, Timor Leste

Activities Strategy Roles

1. Improve the initiative of - Establishments of Villages Family Health Promoters Program Management (FHP) to actively conduct Committee Facilitator & health promotion - Capacity building on Herbal Soap Mediator continuously in their villages Making. and SISCa Post. (SISCa : Integrated Community Health System) 2. Strengthen Relationship - Establishments of District among Lospalos Representative Cooperative Cooperative Groups and Committee. Liquisa Cooperative Groups. - Cooperative Working Group

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 50 3. Integrated hygiene and - Hygiene Competition among Peace Building promotion to Primary School Students students in Primary School

Comments

- How are you going to on hygiene education with peace building? - The word competition is a friendly word,. Iin peace building we should not use the word Competition. You should other word instead. - How do you integrate the peace building in the cooperative? We will organize the committee for west and East Timor.

POA 6: Yuko, Japan

1. Learning:

- Enhance our governance to sole the conflict at various level through dialogue 2. How will make difference:

- Continue to share about the Article 9 and the Rights to Live in Peace - Generate dialogue with other NGO, AHI supporters, and community members - Identify the conflicts and analyze with above people

3. Role:

- Dialogue generator - Messenger (to the youth and children) - Connector of people

Comments - We should integrate the peace building in school curriculum and help the students to understand. - In Philippines we start the to introduce peace building in primary school education - Hiroshima and Nagasaki is to advocate to the higher government in Japan

POA 7: CYCD, Cambodia

1. Learning:

- SHG/Community shop - Model workshop session - Cow bank/pig bank - CCRC

2. Action strategies:

- Specify peace building in community health network (youth, women, disable people) - Training on PB to key commune leaders - Grouping business amongst Cow/Pig bank - Promote Community Research team for follow up on CPB

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 51

3. Roles:

- Facilitator, Trainer, Technical support and fundraising linkage network

Comments - What is CRT (community research team)? - What is the image do you want to, how you integrate in your existing training curriculum, next we will conduct training on peace building, and if the alumni have any documents related peace building? CYDC will integrate the peace building in health network in the community. - Do you have curriculum, yes, therefore, we just integrate in our existing curriculum. - How do you integrate the pig bank in peace building? Actually, we already have cow bank,

POA 8: Manohar, SRCD, Nepal

- Power of NGO - Self Help Group - Awareness programme for peace and conflict - Help to make conflict free areas - Coordinate among different groups - Identify effected groups - Trust building among affected groups - Hope to capacity building - Build non-conflict society - Self dependent community

Comments:

- After this IWS, do you have any new ideas/thing to add to your existing training curriculum? We will integrate the peace building to SHG.

POA 9: Padek, Cambodia

1- Learning:

- How to link/Integrated peace building into ICD and organization

2- How we will make difference:

- Refresher course to Padek staff on peace building - Refresher course to CRCMC/CC - Integrate peace building through community health agent and experts, video show

3- Role:

- Facilitate networking, provide training, and support peace building

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 52 Padek team presented on what they learnt from the workshop; The presenter mentioned that his work related to conflict resolution issues, but he had not considered it as peace building. After attending this workshop, he clearly understood "The conflict resolution area is a part of peace building". (See flipchart presentation)

Comments: - Do all Padek have the same the feeling as you not? Yes, all the Padek staffs have the same feeling as me, because we all working on conflict resolution. We will consider all the recommendations from international participants. Some ideas we do not need additional money or staffs to do

4. Workshop Evaluation

For the last session of the 8-day workshop, the moderator gave the floor to Mr. Kannaro to facilitate the workshop evaluation. To evaluate the 8 days workshop, Mr. Kannaro used the spider web method by selecting 8 aspects of the workshop including:

1- Basic question 2- Case presentation 3- Field visit including the Padek case presentation 4- Participant’s participation 5- Facilitation (Padek and AHI) 6- Understanding Cambodia/foreign culture 7- Food and accommodation 8- Communication before and during the IWS.

Spider Web Diagram used for IWS evaluation

Basic Question

Communication before Case Presentation and during IWS

Food and Field Visit and the Padek Accommodation case presentation

Understanding of Cambodia/Foreign Participant’s Culture participation Facilitation (Padek-AHI)

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 53 Participants tried to locate their ratings on the web. Since the time for evaluation and discussion based on the web chart was limited, the group decided to follow up the evaluation by responding to a questionnaire incorporating these evaluation aspects. Evaluation sheet was sent from AHI on behalf of the facilitation team after the workshop.

Please refer to the Evaluation Sheet in annex 18.

In summary, participants and organizers felt that their objectives and basic questions/ expectations were met. The process of the workshop was participatory, and participants appreciated the facilitation by the organizing team. However, an issue of communication through translation remained to be further improved. Case sharing could be further effective, if the presentations were more focused and followed the guidelines. Field visits were particularly enjoyed and appreciated by all, thanks to good preparation with hospitality by the host communities and organization Padek. Planned sessions and also support by Cambodian host and participants enhanced the understanding of international participants on Cambodian culture and historical background. But other cultural sharing was rather limited due to time constraints. There were some difficulties in logistics, such as food preparation to meet special needs, but lessons learned would be utilized for future programs.

After the workshop evaluation, the workshop organizing team officially invited the H.E. Chan Sophal to close the IWS.

5. Closing Programme

At the closing session, first Ms. Sokunthea summarized the 8 days of IWS. Second Mr. Kannaro gave remarks on the summary report, and also re-introduced about the purpose of this international workshop, that is, "Promoting Peace Building through Community Health and Development.". To continue the closing session ceremony, the moderator invited Ms. UI to speak on concepts of peace building. Ui-san also expresses her gratitude to the community people and local authorities for their participation and cooperation. To continue the closing session, the moderator invited Ms. Deddette to give a short speech, where she expressed her appreciation to the Cambodian team for the opportunity to learn/exchange culture amongst the participants and the community. Finally she also sang a song, "Peace must be from our heart". Lastly, the moderator invited his Excellency H.E. Chan Sophal, Chief of the Provincial Council, to give a closing speech. His Excellency thanked the 25 participants, and also offered his condolences to Japanese people affected by the natural disaster. On behalf of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), he stated that the government considered national and international NGOs as key partners in rebuilding Cambodia, and thanked Padek and AHI for organizing the international workshop.

Please refer to the closing remarks of Mr. Kannaro in annex 19, the remarks of UI Shiori in annex 20 and the closing speech of His Excellency Chan Sophal, the chief of Provincial council, in annex 21.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 54 The group had a photo taken in front of the workshop venue with HE Chan Sophal. In the evening, as the very last program, the group enjoyed a solidarity party with active sharing of various cultural songs and dances.

The next day, participants departed to respective home with feelings of solidarity and new mission as peace builders.

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 55 List of Annexes Annex 1: Workshop Outline Annex 2: List of Participants Annex 3: Welcome Speech by Mr. Kep Kannaro, Padek Executive Director Annex 4: Workshop Remarks by Ms UI Shiori, AHI International Workshop Coordinator Annex 5: Opening Speech by H.E Mr. Pov Piseth, Member of Siem Reap Provincial Councils Annex 6: Sharing Guideline Annex 7: Overview, History and Background of Cambodia Annex 8: Case Presentation 1: Nagdilaab Foundation Incorporated (Nagdilaab, Philippines) Annex 9: Case Presentation 3: Sustainable Hygiene Marketing for Community Volunteers in Liquisa and Lautem Districts (AFMET, Timor Leste) Annex 10: Case Presentation 4: Peace Building through Community Health Forum (MEDiCAM, Cambodia) Annex 11: Case Presentation 5: Citizens’ Peace Movement (Yuko, Japan) Annex 12: Case Presentation 6: Peace Building Activities in Grassroots: Fostering “Peace Messenger” of Next Generation (Kyoko, AHI, Japan) Annex 13: Case Presentation 7: Peace building through Participatory Health Promotion Training: A Case of Cambodia (UI Shiori, AHI, Japan)) Annex 14: Case Presentation 8: Peace Building in Health System and Community Based Primary Health Network and Advocacy (CYDC, Cambodia) Annex 15: Presentation 9: History of Peoples’ Struggle for Democracy (Manohar, SRCD, Nepal) Annex 16: Presentation 10: Padek’s Case: Building Peace through Community Health and Development (Padek, Cambodia) Annex 17: Field Visit Guidelines, Schedules, Commune Profiles Annex 18: Workshop Evaluation Sheet Annex 19: Closing remarks of Mr. Kep Kannaro, Padek Annex 20: Closing remarks by Ms. UI Shiori, AHI Annex 21: Closing speech by H.E Chan Sophal, Chief of Provincial Council

International Workshop on Peace Building through Community Health and Development, Siem Reap Angkor, Cambodia March 21-28, 2011 56

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PEACE BUILDING THROUGH COMMUNITY HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT: The Case of PADEK in Siem Reap, Cambodia March 21-March 28, 2011

Workshop Report

Date: August, 2011

Compiled by: Mr. Kep Kannaro (PADEK) Mr. Im Narith (PADEK) Mr. Touch Sokhoeurn (PADEK) Ms. Melisanda Berkowitz (AHI) Ms. UI Shiori (AHI)

Partnership for Development in Kampuchea (PADEK) PO Box 554, Phnom Penh, CAMBODIA Tel: 855-23-216-224 Fax: 855-23--216-224 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.padek.org

Asian Health Institute (AHI) 987-30, Minamiyama, Nisshin, Aichi, 470-0111 JAPAN Tel : 81-561-73-1950 Fax : 81-561-73-1990 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ahi-japan.jp/english/english.html