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Providing Power at Half the Weight and Volume at Lower Cost Fuel Cell Market TreadStone’s LiteCell Metal Plates The fuel cell market is growing rapidly. In 2006 alone, Offer Unique Benefits to Fuel Cell OEM's the number of installed fuel cell systems increased by a Features Benefits “staggering” 67%, according to Fuel Cell Today's 2006 45 - 55% Reduction in Weight and Corrosion Resistant Metal Plates World Survey. Among all installed systems, over 80% are Volume of the “Fuel Cell Stack” Replacing Graphite Plates PEMFC and DMFC based power systems. TreadStone's LiteCell exploits this rapidly growing market Coating Process Used on Readily Available, Low Cost Materials with a lighter weight, lower cost fuel cell stack. Commercially Available Metals and Simplified Manufacturing Process With this dramatic growth, the preferred technology across Corrosion Protection Over 5000 Hours of Corrosion Protection the broad fuel cell market is Proton Exchange Membrane 5000 Hours Life Stability Testing “Meeting Industry Benchmarks” Fuel Cells (PEMFC) including Direct-Methanol Fuel Cells Metal Versus Graphite Plates Enhanced Durability – (DMFC). TreadStone's PEMFC and DMFC power source Ease of Manufacturing component have flexibility demanded by the small portable power source markets (<25W) through the Core Technology Developed Can be Customized for All large transportation market (>100kW). PEMFC is the PEMFC or DMFC Applications technology of choice for the automotive market. development of a fuel cell power system for automotive use, As part of the Hydrogen Economy, the FreedomCar meeting specific objectives established for 2010. Initiative supports the development of the fuel cell power Hydrogen is an important industrial chemical feedstock that systems and associated components that will meet the is used in synthesis production of methanol, ammonia, urea, strategic objectives to reduce our dependence on foreign hydrochloric acid and other chemical products. Currently, oil and promote a “green” economy. The goal of the about 50 million tons/yr of H is produced worldwide. FreedomCar Initiative is to promote and accelerated the 2 Hydrogen has been identified as the most promising intermediate energy carrier for energy conversion to 67% Growth of Fuel Cell Market in 2006 produce electricity for the portable, stationary and transportation markets Cumulative Units 1991 – 2006 TreadStone's Innovation 25,000 TreadStone's LiteCell corrosion resistant metal plate technology addresses a key fuel cell challenge by protecting 20,000 inexpensive metal bipolar plates, providing long-life operation at competitive prices. 15,000 In August 2005, The US DOE published the revised “Fuel Cell Technologies Roadmap” highlighting the status of product and 10,000 technical challenges/ achievements. One of the key product development challenges identified in the commercialization 5,000 of the fuel cell power systems was the “bipolar plate”. The bipolar plate is a critical component of the fuel cell power system. The fuel cell industry recognizes the benefits in weight 0 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 and volume reduction gained by switching from graphite to metal bipolar plates. LiteCell Technology: Lighter Weight, Maximum Cost Study: Performance, Lowest Cost TreadStone prepared a manufacturing cost comparison study on » TreadStone's LiteCell Technology for lighter weight, a 10-cell stack ( 50W) havinga2cmX2cmactive area using high performance, low cost fuel cell stacks is based on an graphite plates versus the same stack built using the company's innovative and unique design for metal corrosion protection. innovative LiteCell metal plates. All components were normal- This technique enables the use of low cost metals and ized with the variable being the metal versus graphite plates. inexpensive fabrication processes to make bipolar plates that Based on the results of the study, we met and exceeded the cost meet the life, cost and weight/volume DOE targets required targets established by the US DOE ($6/kW) while having 52% to commercialize fuel cells for automobile power. Fuel cell less volume and 40% less weight. stacks employing LiteCell Technology are 40-50% lighter About TreadStone Technologies than the heavy graphite fuel stacks currently used, which TreadStone Technologies, located in Princeton, , was also suffer from poor thermal management. founded in March 2006 as a spin off from the world renowned Because of LiteCell 's anti-corrosion protection, the fuel cell Sarnoff Corporation, “the birthplace” of technologies that have maintains its high level of performance and low-contact changed the world. TreadStone quickly emerged as a leading plate resistance. This innovative approach enables the fuel innovator of pivotal technologies for the hydrogen economy. cell system integrator to use metal separate plates made The company's patentedLiteCell and Hydro OSP technologies from low cost, commercially available metal substrates and optimize the development, performance and output of fuel cell low cost processing techniques. systems and hydrogen processing. TreadStone innovations speed the market adoption and application of more efficient fuel cell Over 5000 hours of Corrosion Protection power systems and faster, lower-cost, efficient processing of hydrogen. TreadStone Technologies is a participating company with the Applied Communication and Information Networking 1000 (ACIN) Camden Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology. 900 180

800 160 Dr. Conghua Wang - The Principal Investigator for this work

700 140 is Dr. Conghua Wang, Vice President, Chief Technology Officer 600 120 and co-founder of TreadStone Technologies. Dr. Wang has over 500 100 15 years of experience in alternative energy systems including 400 80 PEM and SOFC fuel cells, battery and material

Potential (mV) 300 60 Temp. 43 C technology. Dr. Wang received his PhD in Physical Chemistry 200 40 H2 100 sccm Current Density (mA/cm2) Air 420 sccm from the University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China 100 Hum. 100% 20 0 0 and was a Research Associate at the University of Pennsylvania. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Time (hours) Dr. Wang has authored numerous scientific papers and holds Cell Initial Conditioning Long-term Stability Testing several US and international patents. Prior to forming TreadStone, Dr. Wang was a Senior Research Associate at the Results of 5000 hours lifetime test on “off-the-shelf” metal plates using TreadStone's LiteCell Metal Plates Sarnoff Corporation.

LiteCell Feasibility Studies TTreadStone TreadStone demonstrated the feasibility of its LiteCell Technolo ies,Inc. Technology on metal plates used in a Soldier Portable Power Technolog ies,Inc. application for the US Army. This work proved the ability of 201 Washington Road TreadStone's corrosion protection technology to meet the Princeton, New Jersey 08543 DOE requirements for PEM fuel cell. Fax: 609-734-2967 Cell Gerry DeCuollo, President & CEO Lite Technology achieved over 5000 hrs of corrosion [email protected] protection using “off the shelf” metal. There was no increase (609) 734-2368 in cell internal resistance and no degradation in output Dr. Conghua (CH) Wang, Vice President & CTO power, which indicates that there was no plate deterioration [email protected] due to corrosion. (609) 734-3071