Environment Committee

Significant Tree Listings

25. Rosebery

25.01 Crete Reserve

Address: Historical Notes Rosebery Avenue, The land in the area was first granted to William Hutchinson in Rosebery 1823 but it was not until 1912 that the Town Planning Company of Ownership Type: Australia purchased 273 Acres of the Waterloo Estate for 24000 Park pounds and large scale subdivision of the area took place. The Owner/ Controlling Authority: main force behind the subdivision was Richard Stanton who City of Sydney had earlier success with the garden suburb of Haberfield. The Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) varying size of the allotments reflected their intended usage. The c. 1920 larger lots were in the northern part of the subdivision and where the industrial buildings were constructed. The northern industrial Scheduled Significant Trees areas were slow to develop with little development prior to 1924. (State Heritage Register). Qty Species Common Name 2 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Aerial photos of the Reserve dating from 1943 show the two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) as well established specimens. This would indicate a planting date of some time probably in the late 1920's.

Description Crete Reserve is a small parcel of public open space surrounded by neighbouring residential properties. The Reserve contains two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla). They are 18m in height with spreads ranging from 20-25m and substantial trunk diamaters of 2.2-2.5m when measured above the root flare. The form, structure, scale, balance and integrity of these landmark figs however has been compromised through relatively recent history of unsympathetic pruning and canopy re-alignment with respect to adjoining neighbouring residential property boundaries.

Statement of Significance The reserve’s two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) are locally significant in terms of aesthetic, historic, social and biodiversity values. It is likely that the trees were part of a commemorative planting scheme, possibly during the early Inter-War period. The figs are visually prominent features in a landscape which is otherwise largely devoid of any substantial or significant tree planting.

Figure 25.1.1 – The eastern Morton Bay Fig

25.02 Turruwul Park

Address: Historical Notes Rothschild Avenue, Harcourt Parade and Primrose Avenue, The land in the area was first granted to William Hutchinson in Rosebery 1823 but it was not until 1912 that the Town Planning Company of Ownership Type: Australia purchased 273 Acres of the Waterloo Estate for 24000 Park pounds and large scale subdivision of the area took place. The Owner/ Controlling Authority: main force behind the subdivision was Richard Stanton who City of Sydney had earlier success with the garden suburb of Haberfield. The Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) varying size of the allotments reflected their intended usage. The c. early 1940's larger lots were in the northern part of the subdivision and where the industrial buildings were constructed. The northern industrial Scheduled Significant Trees areas were slow to develop with little development prior to 1924. (State Heritage Register). Qty Species Common Name Ficus microcarpa var. 5 Hills Weeping Fig This park appears to have evolved with a number of hillii embellishments and additions since the Inter-War period (c.1915 1 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig – c.1940) and then later Post-War period (c.1945 – c.1960). Aerial photos from 1943 indicate that an intensive planting was 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig undertaken during either 1942 or 1943. Numerous very small trees of similar age are dotted throughout the park. A few more 1 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood established specimens are evident adjacent to Primrose Ave. at this time.

Figure 25.2.1 – One of the Hill's Weeping Figs

Description Statement of Significance Turruwul Park is a relatively level, rectilinear-shaped, local park In combination, the five Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa within a predominantly residential area. Turruwul Park consists of var. hillii) have group significance at the local level in terms a number of disjunctive planted elements which appear to have of aesthetic, historic and social values. Two of these trees been overlayed at varying times in a municipal “Gardenesque” are of particularly large proportions and scale with canopies style. The park lacks the structural elements of the late nineteenth extending to 35 metres in diameter. A mature American century parks which included more consistent thematic palettes, Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is likely to be part of this phase row planting to boundaries and informal clusters and groupings of embellishment during the Inter-War period. The A single Port of significant tree species. Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), located in the north-eastern corner of the park, is likely to just pre-date the There are five Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii). larger Hill’s Weeping Figs. Two of these trees are of particularly large proportions and scale with canopies extending to 35 metres in diameter. A mature and particularly large American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is likely to be also part of this phase of embellishment during the Inter-War period.

A single Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), located in the north-eastern corner of the park, is likely to pre- date the larger Hill’s Weeping Figs. This specimen is consistent with the northern NSW/ Queensland form of this species and has local significance in terms of its age and contribution to the park during its earliest phase of development. The boundary to Primrose Avenue contains a single stunted Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla), and two small Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa). Although these trees are very small in stature and have minimal visual and aesthetic impact in the park, they may be of similar age to the scheduled Port Jackson Fig.

Figure 25.2.2 – The Morton Bay Fig fronting Primrose Avenue Figure 25.2.3 – The substantial American Cottonwood

25.03 Durdans Avenue

Address: Historical Notes Durdans Avenue (adjacent 6 Durdans Avenue), The Queensland Kauri was a prized and valued component of Rosebery mid- to late nineteenth century gardens and parkland. It was Ownership Type: often planted with other native Australian rainforest pines, such Street as the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), Hoop Pine Owner/ Controlling Authority: (Araucaria cunninghamii) and Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii). City of Sydney This species has also been used extensively as a cabinet, Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) furniture and flooring timber since colonial times. c. 1960 The history and exact reason behind planting this small row Scheduled Significant Trees planting, its origins and associations with this site is unkown. They appear to have been planted in the 1950's or 1960's as Qty Species Common Name they were not present in the street in 1943. It is probably an 5 Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri Pine attempt at street beautification undertaken when the adjacent warehouses/ commercial developments were constructed.

Description This is an isolated row planting of the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta). These native pines are usually a highly ornamental rainforest species with a distinctive, broadly spreading canopy. This species can achieve massive proportions, making a dramatic statement under optimum conditions of moisture, good soils and protection from strong winds.

Under the difficult site conditions and close proximity to each other, these five pines continue to struggle and have not yet achieved their full potential. They are approximately 17-18m tall with a spread of 8-10m. They have trunk diameters of 0.6-0.7m when measured at 1.4m above the ground.

Statement of Significance This isolated row planting of the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta) is a curious botanical statement in the context of this suburban streetscape. They are nevertheless significant as a group at the local level in terms of their aesthetic, and botanical interest.

Figure 25.3.1 – The Queensland Kauri Pines looking south

25.04 Gardeners Road Public School

Address: Historical Notes Gardeners Road & Botany Road, Gardeners Road Public School is located in a prominent position Rosebery on the corner of Botany Road and Gardeners Road, Rosebery. Ownership Type: The school’s two storey Federation Arts and Crafts style building Govt/Institution/Other and two-storey Inter-War period additions (c.1925) are scheduled Owner/ Controlling Authority: in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. Department of Education Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Originally an area of extensive sand dunes and freshwater c. 1900 wetlands, Botany Road traversed a mosaic of plant communities – diverse heathland, scrub and low forest known as the Eastern Scheduled Significant Trees Suburbs Banksia Scrub. By the 1880's most of this rich botanic diversity of wildflowers had been cleared and replaced by market Qty Species Common Name gardens and increasing subdivision and residential development. Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig School grounds became important public spaces for municipal glabrescens landscaping and embellishment. 3 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm Description 1 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm The late nineteenth and early twentieth century landscaping at this school utilises an evergreen, broadleaf palette of local native rainforest species (ie. figs) and exotic accents (ie. palms). There are individual specimen and group planting of Port Jackson Figs (F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens) with other component species including Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), three Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) and a Washington Palm (Washingtonia robusta).

The major planting components are arranged in three formal rows, parallel with Botany Road, and comprising Brush Box (1st row along the boundary fence), a central palm row (2nd row) and two Port Jackson Figs (3rd row). The Canary Island Date Palms are notable for their large stature (12-14 metres, clear trunk) and visual impact in this location.

Statement of Significance Together these trees and palms have aesthetic, historic, and social values. The thematic and eclectic mix of species was typical of the period (refer to Sydney Boys High School and Sydney Girls High School listings). This planting palette has strong associations with the work of Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden of the Sydney Botanic Gardens.

Figure 25.4.1 – One of the Canary Island Date Palms

25.05 Hayes Road

Address: Description Hayes Road, Queensland Lacebark (Brachychiton discolor) is a rainforest Rosebery tree of eastern Australia. Common names include Lacebark Ownership Type: Tree, Lace Kurrajong, Pink Kurrajong, Scrub Bottle Tree, White Street Kurrajong, Hat Tree and Sycamore. It grows in drier rainforest Owner/ Controlling Authority: areas, scattered from Paterson, New South Wales to Mackay, City of Sydney Queensland. It is a medium native tree with a conical form, Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) bears pink flowers with bright red centres (usually when semi- c. 1960's deciduous) from November to January. It is a showy, versatile tree which is hardy, frost and drought resistant. Scheduled Significant Trees The specimens within Hayes Road appear to have all been Qty Species Common Name planted at the same time and have reached mature proportions, 24 Brachychiton discolour Queensland Lacebark typically with heights of approximately 10-12m and spreads of 7-9m. They appear to be in healthy condition with good canopy Historical Notes densities. Many have been severely and unsympathetically pruned for power line clearance which has reduced the visual The Queensland Lacebark (Brachychiton discolor) was probably quality and significance of some of the trees. collected in the late 1800's and early twentieth century during research expeditions to the rainforests of eastern Australia. It is typical of the late Victorian period and its use and introduction Statement of Significance is likely to have been influenced by Charles Moore (Director, This avenue planting is aesthetically pleasing and is the only Sydney Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and Joseph Maiden known established avenue of this species anywhere in the wider (1897-1924). It would appear that the Hayes Road planting is an Sydney metropolitan area. Assumed to be planted in the 1960's experimental planting to test their use as a street tree, during or early 70's, they are botanically and aesthetically significant. 1960's and early 1970's street beautification programs run by South Sydney Council.

Figure 25.5.1 – The Queensland Lacebarks along Hayes Road looking east from Dunning Avenue

26. Green Square

26.01 Waterloo Park - South

Address: Historical Notes Kellick, Elizabeth, Pitt and McEvoy Street, The land here was a diverse wetland, comprising lowland, Waterloo swamps and streams, along with ‘undulating land, sandy soil Ownership Type: covered with low scrub’. After European settlement the area was Park important as an urban water supply, and also irrigated numerous Owner/ Controlling Authority: market gardens producing vegetables for the city. Port Jackson City of Sydney Figs dominate the planting structure forming an avenue along Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) McEvoy Street which runs through the centre of the park. There c. 1900 is another example in the adjoining grounds of Mount Carmel School. Scheduled Significant Trees The site, known during the early colonial period as Hungry Hill Qty Species Common Name (and later as Mt Lachlan after Governor Lachlan Macquarie), Ficus rubiginosa f. 7 Port Jackson Fig was significantly modified with fill material prior to the park’s glabrescens establishment. Assessment of the 1943 aerial photos of the area Ficus rubiginosa f. reveal that most of the trees scheduled were significant and 1 Port Jackson Fig rubiginosa well established specimens, therefore it is assumed they were 4 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig planted c.1900. Ficus superba var. 2 Deciduous Fig During the Inter-War period and latter part of the twentieth henneana century subsequent overlays were established, particularly within the southern portion of the park. These included Coral

Figure 26.1.1 – The southern Port Jackson Fig fronting Pitt Street

Trees (Erythrina x sykesii), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). These are considered to be neutral elements and have added little to support the landscape character of the original scheme.

Description The park is divided into two parcels of public land by McEvoy Street. The northern portion is located on steeply rising ground adjoining Our Lady of Mt Carmel Primary School, Kellick Street and Pitt Street. The southern portion, bounded by Elizabeth Street and Pitt Street, grades to Waterloo Oval.

This is a relatively simple mixed palette in comparison with Redfern Park and is similar to the broader landscape approach of Moore Park and the Domain. This informal style of mixed Figure 26.1.2 – The northern Port Jackson Fig fronting Pitt planting continues along McEvoy Street forming a distinctive Street and memorable avenue. An informal row of figs also continues along the Elizabeth Street frontage and north-eastern boundary to Waterloo Oval.

Notably, the planting near the oval includes two outstanding specimens of the native Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana). These are located along the western boundary to Pitt Street. These Deciduous Figs were planted separately, at a different time to the other figs, some time in the late 1930's or early 40's. They are visually prominent and distinctive elements in the park.

Statement of Significance The planting of Waterloo Park south is of aesthetical significance as a large green area between the residential and industrial establishments. It is of social significance as it was used by the local public for leisure, recreation and sports since 1880's. Some individual specimen figs are considered to have significance at the local level due to their substantial size, scale and representative values. Moreover, the collection has group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of its combined aesthetic, visual, historic and social values. These trees are a vital part of the historic fig collections which define the broader public open space of the City of Sydney. Waterloo Park is scheduled in City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012.

Figure 26.1.3 – One of the Moreton Bay Figs on the Elizabeth Street side of the park

26.02 Austin Grove

Address: Historical Notes Austin Grove, These figs were planted extensively throughout the parklands Zetland of the City of Sydney and became defining elements of these Ownership Type: late Victorian and early Federation landscapes. This legacy Street was largely due to the work of Charles Moore (Director, Sydney Owner/ Controlling Authority: Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and other leading botanists City of Sydney and nurserymen during this period of Sydney’s development. It Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) appears to be the last remnant of a row of Figs planted as part c. 1900 of buildings and internal roadways associated with the Race Course located between Joynton Avenue and South Dowling Scheduled Significant Trees Street.

Qty Species Common Name Description 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Although set-back from the Port Jackson Fig planting in Joynton Avenue, this Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is visually and historically linked to the broader planting scheme in this location (refer to Joynton Avenue Listing).

This fig is an important contiguous component of this larger group of avenue trees and is likely to date from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century period. It is the only Moreton Bay Fig to be planted within this broader group.

Statement of Significance The overall (Joynton Ave) planting scheme has group significance at the local level in terms of aesthetic,historic, social and biodiversity values. This specimen also has individual significance in terms of its scale and massive proportions in this prominent location.

Figure 26.2.1 – The Moreton Bay Fig

26.03 Gadigal Avenue

Address: Historical Notes Gadigal Avenue, The planting possibly dates from the late post-World War period Zetland (1950's to 1960's). They are not evident in the 1943 aerial of the Ownership Type: area. Street Owner/ Controlling Authority: Description City of Sydney These two closely planted mature Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) microcarpa var. hillii) have been retained within the recent high c. 1960's density residential development of Green Square. They have mulched garden beds under and raised timber decking under Scheduled Significant Trees their canopies. The retention and protection of these two figs with their interlocked and expansive canopies is particularly Qty Species Common Name important in this developing residential area. Ficus microcarpa var. 2 Hills Weeping Fig hillii Statement of Significance These figs have local significance in terms of visual, aesthetic, and biodiversity values. Together they make a dramatic visual statement and significantly enhance the quality of this streetscape.

Figure 26.3.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs

26.04 Joynton Avenue Address: The Port Jackson Figs in Joynton Avenue are an interesting mixture of the two recognised forms – (F. rubiginosa f. Joynton Avenue (Gadigal avenue to Wolseley Grove), glabrescens), being the glabrous leaf form and (F. rubiginosa Zetland f. rubiginosa), having a rusty colouration on the underside of Ownership Type: leaves (ie. with hairs). This species typically displays a wide Street range of variation depending upon geographical origin within its Owner/ Controlling Authority: range from the south coast of NSW to northern Queensland. City of Sydney These differences are also reflected in the varying growth rates Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) and development of these trees with F. rubiginosa f. rubiginosa c. 1900-1910 tending to be smaller in overall size. There are exceptions however and many of these Port Jackson Figs are significant Scheduled Significant Trees as individuals with outstanding proportions and stature, however Qty Species Common Name many specimens are in poor condition and showing signs of decline. Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens Statement of Significance Ficus microcarpa var. 1 Hills Weeping Fig This avenue of mixed figs has local significance in terms of visual, hillii aesthetic, historic, social and biodiversity values. Together the Hill’s Weeping Figs and Port Jackson Figs create a dramatic Historical Notes sense of place and scale to this location. It's believed that the avenue may have evolved as two separate entities with an initial planting phase being followed by further consolidation and expansion at a later date. The informal row planting of Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) along the eastern nature strip is likely to date from early twentieth century planting scheme. They appear to be the last remnant of a row of Figs planted as part of boundary associated with the Race Course located between Joynton Avenue and South Dowling Street.

The row of nine Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) appears to be a much later addition. The planting possibly dates from the late post-World War period (1950's to 1960's). They are not evident in the 1943 aerial of the area.

Description This outstanding avenue, located within the northern portion of Joynton Avenue adjacent to the Victoria Park redevelopment site, is comprised of two different ornamental evergreen fig species. Their overall impact is strengthened by other figs in close proximity to this avenue (refer to Listings for Cadigal Avenue, Austin Grove and 20 O’Dea Avenue).

The Hill’s Weeping Fig tends to have a much faster growth rate and will out-compete the generally smaller, slower growing Port Jackson Fig. As the trees have matured they have developed a more or less contiguous avenue of merging canopies over this section of Joynton Avenue.

Figure 26.4.1 – The Port Jackson Figs

26.05 Green Square School (formerly Waterloo Public School) Historical Notes Address: The even-aged, informal group of figs possibly dates from the 237 Botany Road, late 1950's-1960's period. This site, formerly Waterloo Public Green Square School, contains a two-storey Victorian Free Classical style Ownership Type: building and single storey Victorian house and landscaping Govt/Institution/Other which are scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Owner/ Controlling Authority: Plan 2012. Department of Education Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Description c. 1960 The combined effect of these trees with their expansive and interlocking canopies creates a distinctive sense of enclosure Scheduled Significant Trees and tranquillity to this part of the school grounds. Qty Species Common Name Other associated tree species in the grounds tend to be Ficus microcarpa var. ancillary, supportive or neutral in value. The overall landscape 9 Hills Weeping Fig hillii quality is in stark contrast to the busy road corridor of Botany Road. This level of clustered fig planting within school grounds is relatively uncommon in the City of Sydney LGA. (refer to listing for Newtown Primary School, Newtown). The later self sown and introduced Celtis spp. and other trees detract from this group.

Statement of Significance Although there are no individually significant specimens in this planting of nine Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) at Green Square School, the group or cluster is significant at the local level in terms of visual, and social values.

Figure 26.5.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs

26.06 No.20 O'Dea Ave

Address: Historical Notes 20 O'Dea Avenue, Port Jackson Figs were planted extensively throughout the Zetland parklands of the City of Sydney and became defining elements Ownership Type: of these late Victorian and early Federation landscapes. This Private legacy was largely due to the work of Charles Moore (Director, Owner/ Controlling Authority: Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and other leading Private botanists and nurserymen during this period of Sydney’s Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) development. c. 1900 Description Scheduled Significant Trees This fig located is located in a goods yard on O’Dea Avenue, and was likely planted during the late nineteenth or early twentieth Qty Species Common Name century. It is of similar age and structural characteristics to other Ficus rubiginosa f. 1 Port Jackson Fig significant Port Jackson Figs located in nearby Waterloo Park glabrescens and Joynton Avenue, and Green Square.

It has a prominent position on a busy thoroughfare near the corner of O’Dea Avenue and Joynton Avenue. This specimen also combines with other fig planting in Joynton Avenue and neighbouring side streets to reinforce a sense of visual continuity in these streetscapes (refer to Listings for Joynton Avenue, Cadigal Avenue and Austin Grove). This glabrous leaf form (ie. no hairs) of the Port Jackson Fig was most likely sourced originally from the rainforests of northern NSW or south-eastern Queensland.

Statement of Significance This Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens), is significance at the local level in terms of visual, social and biodiversity values in this urban setting. The tree is a landmark specimen of substantial scale and outstanding proportions.

Figure 26.6.1 – The Port Jackson Fig

26.07 (Mc Pherson Lane) 904 Bourke Street Historical Notes Address: In 1874, the Governor of NSW, Sir Hercules Robinson, 902-906 Bourke Street (McPherson Lane), established Zetland Lodge, a substantial house and training Zetland stable set back from the juncture of Bourke and Elizabeth streets. Ownership Type: Governor Robinson was a keen horse-racing man and patron of Private the Australian Jockey Club at Randwick. His racing colours were Owner/ Controlling Authority: the Zetland or ‘Aske Hall’ spots, red spots on a white ground. Private Horse trainer Thomas Lamond made Zetland Lodge into one of Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) the prominent racing stables and was a popular and respected c. 1890 figure in the district. He served as an alderman on Waterloo Municipal Council for 21 years from 1887-1907 and was mayor Scheduled Significant Trees on four occasions. The Lamonds were still training horses in the area until the 1950's.

Qty Species Common Name The large Moreton Bay Fig is believed to be part of the early planting associated with Zetland Lodge. Aerial photos of 1943 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig show the tree at the rear of the stable yards and a significant scale even at this time. Photos from the 1905 Town and Country Journal show trees in this location visible above the roofs. This tree therefore potentially dates from the late 1880's as the last remnant of Zetland Lodge.

Description This single Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is now enclosed on three sides by a modern day factory/ warehouse building. The tree is still visible to the street along McPherson Lane, but is within in a fenced enclosure. It is a very large specimen in relatively healthy condition despite the development that has taken place around it. It has a height of 18-20m and a relatively symmetrical canopy spread of approximately 25-30m. Its trunk diameter at one metre above the ground is approximately 2.0 metres.

Statement of Significance This Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is significant for it is the last remaining physical remnant of the former Zetland Lodge, now demolished. It is likely to date from the 1890's. It is a very large tree, with excellent form and a good example of the species, and is therefore considered visually and historically significant.

Figure 26.7.1 – The Moreton Bay Fig, the last remnant of the once extensive Zetland Lodge

27. Newtown

27.01 Hollis Park

Address: Historical Notes Wilson Street and Fitzroy Street, The Hollis Park Heritage Conservation Area is historically Newtown significant as a rare example of an 1886 subdivision set around Ownership Type: a ‘City Square’ developed with grand late Victorian terrace Park houses. The Hollis Park precinct has aesthetic values for its Owner/ Controlling Authority: harmonious streetscapes and fine grouping of Italianate terrace City of Sydney houses of high integrity enhanced by the mature Ficus plantings Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) in and around the park. The area is representative of a range c. 1910-1915 of housing of the late Victorian period and includes Newtown’s earliest major park. The name of the Park commemorates Mr Scheduled Significant Trees Robert Hollis M.L.A., a Newtown resident since 1884 who lived in Wilson Street and the Vice-President of the Newtown Jubilee Qty Species Common Name Committee. 10 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig No major parks were established in the Newtown Municipality in Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig the nineteenth century. Council often made approaches to the rubiginosa NSW Government for land for public recreation however there Ficus rubiginosa f. 1 Port Jackson Fig was no success until the Municipality's Jubilee year in 1912. glabrescens By this time only small parcels of land were available or areas associated with public schools. On the 7 November 1911, the Council's Finance Committee and the Newtown Playgrounds Committee recommended that the Minister for Public instruction

Figure 27.1.1 – The mixed row planting of Port Jackson and Moreton Bay Figs

be asked to dedicate the land at the corner of Wilson and Fitzroy Streets for a children's playground and to resume the land on both sides of North Kingston Public School to enlarge the playground. Council offered to fence the land and supervise it as a children's playground provided the Department handed over the land on a long lease at a nominal rental. The Department accepted the Council's offer and the grounds and playground were prepared in 1912. The Jubilee Week was held in December 1912 and ended on the 14 December. The Park was proclaimed on the 4 June 1913 and was dedicated on 8 April 1914. (State Heritage Register)

It is unknown if some of the trees predate this period when the park was formally dedicated. The style of perimeter row planting of public parks, using native rainforest figs, was promoted by Charles Moore during the latter part of the nineteenth century and J H Maiden during the early twentieth century. The age structure appears to vary between 100 years for the oldest trees through to more recent infill planting 50-70 years (during the Inter-War period). The structure of the park appears to be little changed from the 1940's.

Description Hollis Park contains a more or less contiguous group of mixed figs interlinking with avenue planting in Georgina Street, adjoining Warren Ball Avenue (refer to listing in this Register). There are few other embellishments in the park apart from an Figure 27.1.2 – Close up view of one of the Moreton Bay Figs obelisk commemorating the work of W. Ball (1932) and recent landscaping using Port Jackson Figs (including infill planting to rows) and Queensland Kauri Pines (Agathis robusta) in a formalised style. Although there are no individually significant specimens in the Hollis Park group, some of the Moreton Bay Figs have achieved quite substantial proportions and scale (up to 15-18 metres in height/ 25 metres canopy spread).

Statement of Significance The collection of mixed Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) is considered to have group significance at the local level in terms of aesthetic, historic, and social values. This park is part of the Hollis Park Conservation Area, scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. Together the figs make an important contribution to the local streetscape and neighbourhood character. The collection is further significant in its structural characteristics and relationship to the park.

27.02 Georgina Street

Address: Historical Notes Georgina Street, The Hollis Park Heritage Conservation Area is historically Newtown significant as a rare example of an 1886 subdivision set around Ownership Type: a ‘City Square’ developed with grand late Victorian terrace Street houses. The Hollis Park precinct has aesthetic values for its Owner/ Controlling Authority: harmonious streetscapes and fine grouping of Italianate terrace City of Sydney houses of high integrity enhanced by the mature Ficus plantings Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) in and around the park. The area is representative of a range c. 1910-1920 of housing of the late Victorian period and includes Newtown’s earliest major park. Scheduled Significant Trees These species of figs became defining elements of late Victorian Qty Species Common Name and early Federation landscapes. The style of row planting of 10 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig public parks and street, using native rainforest figs, was promoted by Charles Moore during the latter part of the nineteenth century Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig and J H Maiden during the early twentieth century. Aerial photos rubiginosa from 1943 indicate that these trees were smaller and younger Ficus rubiginosa f. 1 Port Jackson Fig than the trees planted in the nearby Hollis Park. It is assumed glabrescens therefore the oldest trees date from the c. 1920's.

Description The Moreton Bay Figs (including three smaller specimens) are the dominant components in the mixed group. Georgina Street forms a more or less contiguous group of mixed figs linking to other fig planting in Hollis Park (refer to listing in this Register).

Statement of Significance This mixed avenue planting of Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) is an integral part of this streetscape and its terrace houses. The avenue of trees is considered to have group significance at the local level in terms of aesthetic, historic, and social values. Georgina Street is located within the Hollis Park Conservation Area and is scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012.

Figure 27.2.1 – The mixed row of Moreton Bay and Port Jackson Figs

27.03 University of Sydney (Newtown Campus) Historical Notes Address: The front row of five Camphor Laurels makes a dramatic impact 144-146 Burren Street, on the visual and aesthetic quality of this local streetscape. All Newtown of the trees would pre-date the existing development on the site Ownership Type: and were likely planted during the early twentieth century rather Govt/Institution/Other than being self-sown. Review of 1943 aerial photos reveal these Owner/ Controlling Authority: trees as semi-mature specimens, probably dating from 1910- University of Sydney 1920, based on their size at that time. Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) c. 1910-1920 Description This property is now part of the University of Sydney – Newtown Scheduled Significant Trees Campus, Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. The local context of this site is totally separated from the main University Qty Species Common Name campus. The Camphor Laurel at the rear of the property is an 6 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel outstanding specimen (canopy spread of 30 metres) and would be one of the larger examples of this species in the City of Sydney LGA.

Although continuing the evergreen, broadleaf theme these vigorous colonising trees are now often considered to be an exotic weed species. Further voluntary colonisation by this group should be controlled. (For further University of Sydney listings, refer to Precincts 16 and 17 (main campus) in this section of the Register).

Statement of Significance This collection of exotic Camphor Laurels (Cinnamomum camphora) is considered to have local group significance with notably one specimen of individual significance in terms of aesthetic and historic values. This is an unusual collection in its singular species composition.

Figure 27.3.1 – The Camphor Laurel's from Burren Street

27.04 University of Sydney (Sydney University Village) Address: Statement of Significance The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional Carillion Avenue, collection of significant trees, many of which are important Camperdown elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road Ownership Type: precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the Govt/Institution/Other Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City Owner/ Controlling Authority: of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the University of Sydney National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) trees within the University are considered to be one of the City c. 1940 of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and Scheduled Significant Trees commemorative values. Qty Species Common Name Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes 7 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. Eucalyptus The University’s significant trees are typically associated with 1 River Red Gum camaldulensis the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, Historical Notes courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees These American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and single tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) are located on the historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus southern side of Carillion Ave. Aerial photos from 1943 indicate developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred 7 equally spaced small trees in the same location and are Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register). believed to be the Cottonwood trees. This would indicate a late 1930' or early 1940's planting date. Based on the 1943 photos it would appear the River Red Gum planting probably dates from the 1960's.

Description This formal row of American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and single specimen planting of a River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) are located within a paved area and planter bed between the front boundary wall and carparking area in the Sydney University Village. Although none of the American Cottonwoods are individually significant, all are exceptionally large trees of a similar age structure. Recent investigations have revealed significant internal decay associated with the American Cottonwoods and their removal is likely.

The combined canopies of these deciduous trees extend over the roadway (Carillon Avenue), linking with other mixed tree planting in the grounds of St Andrew's College (refer to listing in this Register). Together these trees make a significant contribution to the visual and aesthetic character of this streetscape. The River Red Gum is a large specimen. This tree has individual significance at the local level. Figure 27.4.1 – The American Cottonwoods

28. Erskineville

28.01 Lillian Fowler Reserve

Address: Historical Notes Angel Street, Lillian Fowler was the first woman magistrate in NSW (1921), first Newtown woman councillor in NSW (1928), first woman mayor in Australia Ownership Type: (for Newtown Council) (1938) and first woman elected to the Park NSW parliament (1944). Owner/ Controlling Authority: City of Sydney The planting possibly dates from the late Inter-War period (c.1915- Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) 1940). Aerial photos of the area indicate some very young row c. 1940 planting in the vicinity of these figs. It is unknown if these trees are the same trees but their size would indicate such a date and Scheduled Significant Trees be commensurate with other planting in the LGA of this species.

Qty Species Common Name Description Ficus microcarpa var. 2 Hills Weeping Fig These two trees visually combine with the row of Hill’s Weeping hillii Figs, located in Newtown Public School, to create a memorable landscape quality to this location (refer to listing in this Register).

They have been the subject of recent community action when their removal was suggested as a result of a major limb failure of one tree and a large basal cavity.

Statement of Significance These two mature Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) are substantial individual specimens with massive spreading canopies. These figs have local significance in terms of their visual and social values.

Figure 28.1.1 – The southern Hill's Weeping Figs Figure 28.1.2 – The northern Hill's Weeping Figs

28.02 Newtown Primary School

Address: Description Norfolk Street, Some of these trees are amongst the largest examples of this Newtown species in the City of Sydney LGA. Their dramatic proportions Ownership Type: and scale create a distinctive, cloistered character to this part Govt/Institution/Other of the school grounds. These figs appear to be in generally fair Owner/ Controlling Authority: to good health and condition with dense canopies, and little Department of Education dead wood. They have been pruned to create more open habits Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) and clearances to the buildings and playground. One specimen c. 1940 however (2nd from southern end) has a very large vertical cavity. They typically have a height of 20-22m and spread of Scheduled Significant Trees 35-30m and a trunk diameter of 1.3-1.8m at 1.0m above ground level. Their canopies extend over the playground, the adjoining Qty Species Common Name footpaths and roadway. Ficus microcarpa var. 7 Hills Weeping Fig hillii Statement of Significance This row of mature Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) includes substantial individual specimens with massive Historical Notes spreading canopies. These figs have local significance in terms Newtown Primary School was established in 1863 with of their aesthetic and social values. The school buildings are construction of the Victorian Free Gothic style building c.1875, scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. followed by later additions c.1892 and a War Memorial c.1921. The planting possibly dates from the late Inter-War period (c.1915-1940). Aerial photos of the area indicate some very young row planting in the vicinity of these figs. It is unknown if these trees are the same trees but their size would indicate such a date and be commensurate with other planting in the LGA of this species.

Figure 28.2.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs as viewed from Lillian Fowler Reserve

28.03 No. 136 Rochford Street in the 19th century. The church hall was present in 1943 but no planting was evident and is assumed therefore to be from the Address: 1970’s or 80’s judging by the current size of the tree. 136 Rochford Street, Erskineville A similar cultivar variety of this species remains at Camden Ownership Type: Park which was bred at Camden Park in the 1840's by William Private Macarthur and named after his convict gardener Edmund Blake. Owner/ Controlling Authority: (Erythrina x bidwillii ‘Blakei’) The only other remaining examples Private are located in the Royal Melbourne Botanic Gardens. Ferdinand Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Muller, Director of the Melbourne Botanic Garden between 1857 c. 1970-80's and 1873, was a great friend of William Macarthur. It seems likely that Macarthur gifted the plants to Muller for the Melbourne Scheduled Significant Trees gardens (Hortus camdenensis website http://hortuscamden. com/plants/view/erythrina_x_bidwillii_lindl._var._blakei Qty Species Common Name accessed 12/2/2013). 1 Erythrina x bidwillii Bidwill's Coral Tree Description This is an indivdual specimen tree located on a property at the corner of Macdonald Street and Rochford Street. Although it is Historical Notes a relatively small tree, its canopy does overhang the road and This is a botanically rare small tree. Bidwell’s Coral Tree or presents a positive contribution to this inner city streetscape. It is Florida Coral-bean (Erythrina x bidwillii) was reportedly the 6m in height with a spread of 8m. The trunk is low branching and first Australian-bred garden plant ever to have its illustration contorted with a diameter of 0.4m at 1.0m above ground level. published. Erythrina x bidwillii Lindl. is a hybrid of Erythrina herbacea L. x Erythrina crista-galli L. The origin and planting Statement of Significance date of this indivdual plant is unknown, and may simply relate This specimen is significant due to the tree being a rare botanical to a gardener with an interest in historic or rare garden plants. specimen and may have potential historical associations with a cultivar of the same species growing at Camden Park. Reportedly this plant was positively identified by the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney [6/4/2001] (As extracted from ABC website http://www.abc.net.au/gardening/stories/s280465.htm accessed 12/2/2013). The same article describes the site as being part of a site built originally as a Methodist church hall

Figure 28.3.1 – Close up of the Erythrina x bidwillii flower Figure 28.3.2 – View of the Erythrina x bidwillii from the intersection of Macdonald and Rochford Streets

28.04 Erskineville Housing Estate

Address: Historical Notes Cnr Ashmore Street and Binning Street, The Fig planting appears to pre-date the public housing residential Erskineville development, and is probably related to the original creation of Ownership Type: Erskineville Park and Oval. The Erskineville Housing Estate has Govt/Institution/Other significance as a model public housing scheme development, Owner/ Controlling Authority: carried out in response to the Housing Improvement Act of 1936 NSW Land and Housing Corporation and 1937. It is associated with the prominent architectural firms of Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Louis Stevenson Morton Herman and W.R. Richardson, and the c. early 1900's scheme demonstrates the influence of European functionalism and architecture of the 1930's. Scheduled Significant Trees Description Qty Species Common Name Mostly Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), there Ficus rubiginosa f. 10 Port Jackson Fig are 6 remaining infront of the housing (3 infront of Block F & G glabrescens and 3 in the carpark area) and 2 in the carpark of Alexandria- 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Erskineville Bowling Club along the Ashmore Street frontage. Most are in poor to fair condition with decay evident in their 1 Eucalyptus pilularis Blackbutt trunks and larger branches, with epicormic growth and thinning canopies. The 2 Hill's Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) that are planted within the Ashmore St row are probably replacements of original Port Jackson Figs planted to reinstate the original row planting. They have since become bigger than the original flanking Port Jackson Figs. The Hill's Weeping Figs

Figure 28.4.1 – The Port Jackson Figs as viewed from Ashmore Street

are not considered as significant. Another Hill's Weeping Fig although large, is also part of a subsequent overlay, probably dating to the 1970’s or 1980’s and is not considered significant.

Typically the trees are planted 3.0m off the property boundary. The western most tree along Ashmore is in very poor condition. One Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is associated with Kendall Block G and two more Port Jackson Figs associated with Block H on Binning Street. The Figs are typically 12-15m in height with 18-20m spread. Numerous self sown Celtis trees are intrusive elements and currently impacting on the Figs.

There is also one very large and prominently positioned Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) on the corner of Elliott Avenue and Binning Street, with a height of 18-20m and a trunk diameter of 1.2m at 1.0m above the ground and an impressive spread of 25m. It probably relates to a later overlay of intentionally planted native trees undertaken in the 1960’s or 70’s.

Statement of Significance These trees date from the early 1900’s (apart from the Blackbutt) and are visually significant contributors to the street and are historic remnants of Erskineville Park. They are representative of plantings in Sydney at the time and are likely to have been influenced by Joseph Maiden. The Blackbutt is also listed as it Figure 28.4.2 – The Eucalyptus pilularis is a very visually significant tree and is a species endemic to the local area and rarely found now in the inner city.

Figure 28.4.3 – Aerial photo of Erskineville Park and early stages of Erskineville Estate in 1943, the Figs clearly visible as mature specimens along Ashmore and Binning Street frontages. (Source: Lands Department - Six Viewer)

29. Alexandria

29.01 Alexandria Park

Address: Historical Notes Buckland Street and Wyndham Street, In 1882, ten acres (approx. 3.93 hectares) of land was reserved Alexandria to establish future parkland in this location. Alexandria Park Ownership Type: was proclaimed in 1889, four years after the establishment of Park Redfern Park and Erskineville Park. This site was originally Owner/ Controlling Authority: sandhills, but was earmarked for industrial development when City of Sydney noxious industries were forced out of the city in 1860. The first Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) caretaker, P. Dawson of Wyndham Street, was appointed on a c. 1890 barter basis in 1895. He was given the sole right to graze his six cows on the park between the hours of 6 pm and 6 am, in Scheduled Significant Trees exchange for keeping the park free of weeds and watering the newly-planted Moreton Bay and Port Jackson fig trees twice Qty Species Common Name weekly during dry weather. Ficus rubiginosa f. 23 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens Further embellishment of the park continued through the Inter- Ficus rubiginosa f. War period (c.1915-1940). The pergola/ entry structure on 5 Port Jackson Fig rubiginosa the corner of Buckland Street and Wyndham Street together 3 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig with associated planting of Lombardy Poplars (Populus nigra var. italica) were added in 1939. The American Cottonwoods Eucalyptus 2 River Red Gum (Populus deltoides) may have been added at this time also. camaldulensis Other more recent additions such as the Bangalay (Eucalyptus 2 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood botryoides) and Swamp Mahogany (E. robusta) have tended to clutter the park and are considered either neutral or intrusive elements.

Figure 29.1.1 – The park with its perimeter of Figs as viewed from Wyndham Street

Description This park was designed in a similar thematic approach to other city parks during this period. The park boundaries were informally planted with predominantly native rainforest fig species sourced from the Illawarra region, north coast of NSW and south-eastern Queensland. This planting provided a very strong structural perimeter element surrounding the passive open space and, in this instance, extended to within the cricket oval perimeter.

The row of fourteen Port Jackson Figs and a single Camphor Laurel combine with an avenue of London Planes (Platanus x acerifolia) to create a dramatic sense of scale and place along the Buckland Street frontage (refer to Buckland Street listing in this Register).

Some of these Port Jackson Figs (glabrous leaf-form) are up to 25 metres in height and 25 metres in canopy spread with bases in excess of 2m diameter. Two mature River Red Gums (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), located along the Power Avenue frontage also date from an early period of park planting.

A single Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) of outstanding proportions occurs in the south-western corner of the park on Power Street. This specimen is one of the largest examples of this species in the City of Sydney LGA (30 metres in height/ 32 metres canopy spread with a 3500mm diameter base). This fig has a massive raised basal root area spanning 7 metres in Figure 29.1.2 – The River Red Gum at the northern end of Park diameter. This fig has individual significance at the City/ LGA Road level in terms of its representative and landmark values.

Statement of Significance These trees have group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their aesthetic, historic, and social values. Many of the figs along the Buckland Street frontage have particular significance at the City/ LGA level as individual specimens. The row planting, group clusters and individual specimens of mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Figs (F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens) visually dominate the boundaries to Buckland Street, Wyndham Street and Power Street. Alexandria Park is scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012.

Figure 29.1.3 – The western Moreton Bay Fig along Power Avenue

29.02 Buckland Street Address: Buckland Street, Mitchell Road to Botany Road, Road intersections (eastern portion). Aerial bundling of overhead Alexandria power lines along the southern verge has retained the avenue’s Ownership Type: integrity. The single species avenue changes to a row planting adjacent to Alexandria Park. Along this portion of the street, Street London Planes combine with a row of fourteen Port Jackson Owner/ Controlling Authority: Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) and a City of Sydney Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) (refer to Alexandria Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Park listing in this Register). c. 1960-1970 Description Scheduled Significant Trees There are only a few finer examples of a mature, single species Qty Species Common Name avenue within the City of Sydney LGA. The interlocking canopies of this species form a more or less contiguous, lineal corridor 38 Platanus x acerifolia London Plane and tunnel effect over the roadway and adjoining residences.

Historical Notes Statement of Significance This street was planted Post War, probably in the late 1960's and This avenue of London Planes (Platanus acerifolia) in Buckland early 70's. No street tree planting is evident in 1943 aerial photos Street is one of the more memorable single species suburban of the area apart from the trees in the adjoining Alexandria road-side planting schemes in the City of Sydney LGA. These Park. The age structure is therefore generally within the 30-40 ornamental, deciduous trees have local group significance in years with the oldest and largest specimens located opposite terms of their outstanding visual and social values. Alexandria Park and between Wyndham Street and Botany

Figure 29.2.1 – The London Plane Tree avenue along Buckland Street

30. Southern Industrial

30.01 Burrows Road

Address: Description 95 Burrows Road & 100 Euston Road, This avenue planting of seventeen extremely substantial Hill’s Alexandria Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) is located within a Ownership Type: private industrial lot, just outside of the street boundary. Their Private canopies extend over the roadway with their root zones largely Owner/ Controlling Authority: within the private property and and adjoining verge. The trees Private measure approximately, height 23-25 metres high, with a canopy Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) spread of 30m+ metres and trunk diameter of 0.9-1.2 metres at c. 1970's 1.4 metre above the ground. Generally, the figs appear to be in fair to good condition with relatively dense canopies and some Scheduled Significant Trees dead wood and branch inclusions present. These figs have grown as a close group and are significant only as a group and Qty Species Common Name not individually. Ficus microcarpa var. 17 Hills Weeping Fig hillii Statement of Significance This extremely large and visually prominent row of Hills Figs were commonly planted in this area of Sydney from 1930-1960's. Historical Notes Many have since been removed due to conflicts with street and These massive Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) building infrastructure. They represent an early example of were not present in 1943 aerial photos of the area. Street photos planting within the southern industrial precinct are particularly in the City of Sydney archives of Burrows Road in 1983 illustrate aesthetically significant in an area where large trees are the trees at a very substantial size. It is therefore assumed that uncommon. They make a significant contribution to the industrial they were planted in the late 1950's to early 1960's. streetscape of Burrows Road, despite being in private property.

Figure 30.1.1 – The very substantial sizes of the Hill's Weeping Figs looking north along Burrows Road

30.02 Sydney Corporate Park Historical Notes Address: These large Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) are 138-188 Bourke Road clearly visible as a deliberate row planting in 1943 aerial photos. (between Doody St and News Direct Rd), They were associated with the large factory development on Alexandria the site that was owned by the Commonwealth Industrial Gases Ownership Type: (CIG) in 1950. CIG was formed in 1935 and ceased in 1984. Private These would represent some of the earliest plantings associated Owner/ Controlling Authority: with industrial Alexandria. The site is not listed on the LEP as Private having any heritage significance. Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) c. late 1930's Description This is an extensive row planting along the boundary of Sydney Scheduled Significant Trees Corporate Park which contains 25 Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii), Six of the seven Figs fronting Doody Street Qty Species Common Name are much smaller in stature and are likley to be replacement plantings of older original Hills Weeping Figs which seem to be Ficus microcarpa var. 25 Hills Weeping Fig doing well in 1943. The eighteen Figs fronting Bourke Road have hillii much more substantial roots and girths, and several are multi trunked with aerial roots. The most southern six specimens are also smaller and again may be replacements of earlier planting. Most of the trees display serious branch bark inclusions which

Figure 30.2.1 – Aerial photo of Sydney Corporate Park and Bourke Road in 1943, the Figs clearly visible as semi-mature specimens along the Bourke Rd and Doody Street frontages and southern (undeveloped) boundary. (Source: Lands Department - Six Viewer)

is a common defect of this species. They also have had large branches pruned to raise the canopies over the road, buildings and powerlines. Some currently display thinning canopies but most appear in good to fair health. Their sizes range from 15- 17m in height and have a 18-20m spread. As noted, there are some of the trees that are only approximately 10m in height with 10m spread. All are intergrown as a group with no outstanding single specimens, apart from eastern most specimen along the Doody Street frontage. The other adjoining street planting of Paperbarks on Bourke Rd are very suppressed and may be considered relatively intrusive elements. The root zones are heavily constrained by surrounding footpaths, carparks, walls and buildings.

Statement of Significance The trees are considered significant as they date from the late 1930’s and are visually significant contributors to the original industrial development and Bourke Road streetscapes. They are clearly visible as a designed row planting in 1943. Several are very visually and botanically interesting specimens with aerial roots that have now become separate trunks, which is slightly unusual for the species.

Figure 30.2.2 – Photo of the Hill's Weeping Figs along Bourke Rd looking south.

Figure 30.2.3 – Photo of the eastern most Hill's Weeping Fig Figure 30.2.4 – Photo of one of the larger Bourke Road frontage along Doody Street, which is a relatively well formed individual specimens with multiple trunks. specimen.

31. Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens

31.01 Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Historical Notes The Domain & Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens, occupying the Address: site of Governor Phillip’s original farm and the Government Mrs Macquaries Road, Domain, retain many features of historic significance dating Sydney back to the earliest years of the Colony. The Botanical Gardens, Ownership Type: established in 1816 by Governor Macquarie, contain a vast Govt/Institution/Other collection of botanical specimens collected and propagated Owner/ Controlling Authority: by the distinguished nineteenth century botanists, Richard The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Cunningham, Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden. The cultivated Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Gardens (29Ha) and surrounding parklands of the Domain (51Ha) still retain some of the last remnants of former natural vegetation c. 1816 onward communities in the City of Sydney LGA. The Gardens are scheduled in the Register of the National Estate, State Heritage Scheduled Significant Trees Register, the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, Refer to the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain, Sydney City Heritage Study and classified by the National Trust Conservation Management Plan. of Australia (NSW). The Gardens’ living collection is described in the State Heritage Inventory “as an idiosyncratic collection of native and exotic plants (8,000 taxa and 45,000 accessions)”.

The Domain was established by Governor Phillip in 1788 for the Governor’s use. This area of land originally extended east

Figure 31.1.1 – An aerial view of Farm Cove, the Botanic Gardens and Government House in 2009.

from the Tank Stream to a stream which ran into Woolloomooloo and reorganisation of the Gardens, they were opened to the Bay. Most of the ‘Inner Domain’, including Old Government general public in 1831. In 1847 the main public entry to the House and its Grounds and the land between Bent Street and Gardens from Macquarie Street was renovated and planted as Bennelong Point was later alienated from the Domain. The a fig tree avenue of Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla). This natural landscape in 1788 would have been a mosaic of varying avenue was largely removed during construction of the Cahill habitats from shrubby woodlands on the rugged hill-sides to Expressway. The last remnant figs in the median strip were taller forest and mesic understorey species in the valleys. removed in 2003 amid considerable debate and protest by the community. A photograph taken in 1908 from the Art Gallery In a short period of time, the ‘Outer Domain’, including Mrs overlooking the Domain shows an expansive open lawn area, Macquarie’s Point and Farm Cove (originally known as the maturing figs and other specimen trees. At this stage, the figs Woccanmagully) was transformed, firstly with a farm to feed the in Fig Tree Avenue were already over 60 years old. struggling Colony and later, under Governor Macquarie and Mrs Macquarie’s direction, into a wildly picturesque landscape with magnificent harbour vistas. Governor Macquarie commenced construction of stone walls in 1811 to define the boundaries of the Domain, thus separating it from the town. By 1814, Governor Macquarie had begun developing his concept of establishing a Botanic Garden, the “Government Garden” in Farm Cove with the planting of two Norfolk Island Pines (Churches, S., 1990). Between 1812-1816, Governor Macquarie recorded the planting of further Norfolk Island Pines in the Domain. One of these, the “Antill Pine” became a landmark tree in the Gardens. It was removed in 1945.

The recognised foundation date for the Botanic Gardens is 1816. During the period 1816-1819, Mrs Macquarie’s Road was planted with English Oaks (Quercus robur), Stone Pines (Pinus pinea), Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) and Blackbutts (Eucalyptus pilularis). Some of these Swamp Mahoganies (Eucalyptus robusta) still remain as evidence of Australia’s earliest public planting scheme. In 1825, Francis Greenway, the Civil Architect, outlined a vision for the Government Domain to be planted in the English Landscape style of Capability Brown. The Botanic Gardens were well established by this stage and allowed entry on a restricted basis. Following further enlargement Figure 31.1.2 – The dramatic forms of some of the early Norfolk Island Pine and Hoop Pines planted in the lower gardens

Figure 31.1.3 – Mrs Macquaries Chair in the Domain, as viewed from the harbour, with it dramatic landscape of 19th century trees

The early leaders of the Botanic Gardens – Charles Fraser, Although not specifically covered in the above CMP, other areas Richard & Allan Cunningham, Charles Moore and Joseph such as Government House, The Domain and the Sydney Maiden together left a legacy of botanical endeavour, overlaying Conservatorium of Music are considered equally significant, various landscape styles, altering the Garden’s overall form, and many of the trees associated with these facilities are also its nineteenth century content and organisation of the plant considered significant trees. These are not directly covered or collections (NSW Heritage Inventory). Nevertheless, it was documented under this Register of Significant Trees. Charles Moore, Director of the Botanic Gardens (1848-1896), who was largely responsible for the layout in its present form. Statement of Significance Many of the specimen trees introduced to the Gardens by Moore The Botanic Gardens have played a pivotal role in the still survive, including a number from the Pacific Islands, to development and evolution of Sydney’s parks and significant which he made several voyages. Moreover, during his period as tree collections. The Domain & Sydney Royal Botanic Director of the Botanic Gardens, Charles Moore re-shaped the Gardens, occupying the site of Governor Phillip’s original farm cultural landscapes of the City of Sydney. and the Government Domain, retain many features of historic significance dating back to the earliest years of the Colony. The Up until c.1860 the Domain’s landscape character was still Botanical Gardens, established in 1816 by Governor Macquarie, defined by large drifts of remnant regrowth woodland amid contain a vast collection of botanical specimens collected and manicured open lawns. These species possibly included propagated by the distinguished nineteenth century botanists, Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Sydney Peppermint (E. piperita), Richard Cunningham, Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden. The Red Mahogany (E. resinifera), Narrow-leaved Scribbly Gum (E. cultivated Gardens (29Ha) and surrounding parklands of the racemosa), Red Bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), and Smooth- Domain (30Ha) still retain some of the last remnants of former barked Apple (Angophora costata). The natural understorey had natural vegetation communities in the City of Sydney LGA. The been totally removed by this stage and the trees were in decline Gardens are scheduled in the Register of the National Estate, under the altered site conditions. In 1862, many of these trees State Heritage Register, the City of Sydney Local Environmental were removed to prepare an oval for the first representative Plan 2012, Sydney City Heritage Study and classified by match of cricket between England and New South Wales. the National Trust of Australia (NSW). The Gardens’ living collection is described in the State Heritage Inventory “as an The Garden Palace for the International Exhibition of 1879 was idiosyncratic collection of native and exotic plants (8,000 taxa added during this period, taking a substantial portion of the Inner and 45,000 accessions)”. As a group, and many individual Domain’s open space. The building was destroyed by fire in trees, have outstanding visual, aesthetic, botanic, educational, 1882 allowing the development of a pleasure garden with statue- commemorative, ecological and social values. lined walks and floral displays. By the early 1870s, Macquarie’s English Oaks (planted in 1819) were in serious decline and it was during this period that Charles Moore began to replace these trees with Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa). The layout of these large figs followed the Picturesque Style and contrasted markedly with the formality of the Fig Avenue and high Victorian Gardenesque approach of the Botanic Gardens.

Description While all of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain is considered to be of significant heritage status, this Register contains no specific detailed information on trees in this area which is under the statutory management of the The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. The Trust has completed a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for the Royal Botanic Gardens (Conybeare Morrison - February 2005) which includes significance rankings for many of the established trees. Please refer to this document for further detailed information. The above document sets the direction for the conservation and management of the Gardens as a living historic resource.

32. Garden Island

32.01 Garden Island / HMAS Kuttabul

Address: Historical Notes Garden Island, The Garden Island/ Sydney Harbour Naval Precinct is an Woolloomooloo historic place of National significance and is scheduled on the Ownership Type: Commonwealth Heritage List (as a Listed Place), Register of the Govt/Institution/Other National Estate, the State Heritage Register and classified by Owner/ Controlling Authority: the National Trust of Australia (NSW). Garden Island has been a Commonwealth of Australia prominent part of Sydney and Australia’s naval history since the Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) earliest days of British settlement. c. 1890 The precinct contains an exceptional range of heritage values Scheduled Significant Trees including a number of extremely rare intact elements such as its unified collection of nineteenth century naval buildings, Qty Species Common Name chapel interiors, boatshed and slipway details and gardens. In Ficus rubiginosa f. 8 Port Jackson Fig 1788, the island was selected as the site for a garden to supply glabrescens vegetables for the crew of HMS Sirius (Australian Heritage 3 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Database). A sandstone rock outcrop in the northern portion of Garden Island contains the carved initials “F.M.” believed to 2 Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine be “the oldest marks extant of white settlement” attributed to Frederick Meredith, member of the crew of HMS Sirius. Two 2 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm other sets of initials dating from the same period are believed 1 Quercus virginiana Live Oak to exist. The precinct also has important associations with NSW Colonial Architect James Barnet. In 1940, during the middle of 1 Afrocarpus falcatus Outeniqua Yellow-wood World War II, construction on the Captain Cook Graving Dock was commenced. This massive project was one of Australia’s 1 Podocarpus elatus Plum Pine largest at the time and connected the island to the mainland. 1 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine The eclectic landscape composition of the Naval Gardens on 1 Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad Leafed Paperbark the northern ridge-top includes a number of individual emergent Queensland Firewheel Araucaria specimens, native rainforest species and broadleaf 1 Stenocarpus sinuatus Tree exotics which was typical of the late Victorian and Federation periods. The planting palette and layouts are likely to have been influenced by Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden (Directors, Sydney Botanic Gardens 1848-1896 and 1896-1924). Aerial photos of the island in 1943 indicate numerous scattered and mature trees. Photos of the island from Mrs Macquaries Chair in 1889 show little in the way of tree planting and that most other natural vegetation had been cleared by this time. Photos from the 1890's show numerous small trees planted around the upper levels of the northern most point. Substantial alterations to the remainder of the island were now well underway for use as a major naval base.

Figure 32.1.1 – Garden Island viewed from the Domain in 1889 (Source: CoS Photo Archives)

Figure 32.1.2 – The northern headland of Garden Island viewed from the harbour, with many significant trees now defining its character

Figure 32.1.3 – Garden Island in 1943 (Source: Lands Figure 32.1.4 – Garden Island in 2012 (Source: Lands Department - Six Viewer) Department - Six Viewer)

Figure 32.1.5 – One of the majestic and broad spreading Moreton Bay Figs

Figure 32.1.6 – One of the Hoop Pines

Description All of the scheduled trees are located on Garden Island at the Notably, the local native lithophyte – Port Jackson Fig (Ficus northern extremity of the historic naval site. These trees are rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) continues to be a dominant component scattered informally within the open lawns, gardens, terraces within the rocky outcrops. Some of these trees have attained and natural rock outcrops. substantial proportions (up to 15 metres in height) in these locations. Almost all of the natural vegetation has been removed The composition includes three emergent accents. These tall, in this location and throughout the City of Sydney LGA. native Australian pines including two Hoop Pines (Araucaria cunninghamii) and a single Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria Statement of Significance heterophylla) have significant landmark values. These trees, The Garden Island Precinct contains an outstanding collection of ranging up to 22 metres in height, create a dramatic sense of significant trees which date from the late nineteenth century and scale in this prominent harbour ridge-top location. early twentieth century. The collection has group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of its aesthetic, visual, historic, The second major group includes the planted native figs – the social and commemorative values. Furthermore, a number of Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa) and Moreton Bay Figs specimens have individual significance at the local level. (Ficus macrophylla). A number of specimens have achieved significant proportions. One Moreton Bay Fig, located in the upper north-western garden (adjacent to the tennis courts) is 20 metres in height with a canopy spread of 25 metres and 2m diameter basal area. A number of smaller Port Jackson Figs are also located along the cliff-line (see below for discussion). Other native rainforest species include the Queensland Firewheel Tree (Stenocarpus sinuatus), Plum Pine (Podocarpus elatus) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Evergreen exotics such as the Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) and Outeniqua Yellow- wood (Afrocarpus falcatus) together with palm accents including Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis) reinforce a lush, subtropical thematic style which was typical of the late Victorian/ Federation periods. In addition, the Live Oak (18 metres in height) and Outeniqua Yellow-wood are both substantial individual specimens.

The steep sandstone cliffs and rock outcrops along the northern and north-western side of the landscaped hill-top have been largely cleared of native vegetation and modified to varying degrees including a high level of weed invasion. These areas display a multi-layered level of past weed management, rehabilitation with generic native species and more recent bush regeneration and restoration strategies which have included the re-introduction of locally native species. Most of the local native tree species including Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) and Bangalay (Eucalyptus botryoides) on the steep northern slopes are believed to be relatively recent introductions (1980's-1990's). The parkland also contains a large range of earlier generic native planting dating from the late 1960's to 1980's period. These species include Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Broad-leaved Paperbarks (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Some of the more recent generic native component species are Figure 32.1.7 – The mix of significant trees on Garden Island considered to be either neutral to intrusive with respect to the including Hoop Pines, Port Jackson and Moreton Bay Figs and site’s overall context and heritage values. Canary Island Date Palms

33. Victoria Park and University of Sydney

33.01 Victoria Park - Broadway

Address: Historical Notes Broadway and City Road, Victoria Park, bounded by Broadway (north), City Road (east) Camperdown and the University of Sydney campus (west), contains a Ownership Type: broad range of park elements including the Victorian Gothic Park Gardener’s Lodge designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket and Owner/ Controlling Authority: built in 1885 (see University of Sydney – Main Building), Lake City of Sydney Northam and associated landscaping and Victoria Park Aquatic Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Centre. The parkland lies within a busy pedestrian precinct c. 1880-1890 linking to University Avenue and the main University campus, the Darlington campus and colleges (refer to listings in this Scheduled Significant Trees Register).

Qty Species Common Name Grose Farm was selected as the site of the University of Sydney 37 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig in 1855, with provision for the formation of 'park and garden' on land that was to be known as Victoria Park. In 1865 extra land 17 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig was added and dedicated as an Approach Reserve, to provide Ficus superba var. a formal axis to the University quadrangle, by the 1880's this 1 Deciduous Fig henneana was developed as a double avenue of fig trees. On the 16th of July 1870, Victoria Park was formerly dedicated and named 1 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine with a body of trustees appointed. The vista to the University 1 Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri Pine Tower was reinforced by the construction of two Gothic Revival gatehouses (c 1885) with accompanying formal stone gate piers 1 Pinus roxburghii Indian Chir Pine and gates. A road was constructed along the main vista and a wooden footbridge was built to provide access over the lake in 1 Quercus ilex Holm Oak this area, reinforcing this axis. 5 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm The bowling club was founded in the 1890's with one green and a Quercus acutissima var. 1 Sawtooth Oak clubhouse. In 1911, the management of Victoria Park was given acutissima to Sydney City Council, works carried out to the park included; Combretum 1 River Bushwillow park planning, further plantings, establishment of a children's erythrophyllum playground, extension of the bowling club and the introduction 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak of park lighting. The University handed over its Approach Reserve land to the Council in exchange for Council land closer to the Medical School in the 1920's. In 1925 Parramatta Road was widened, causing the loss of some fig trees which caused alarm to the local community. In 1936 the Gardener's Lodge was altered to accommodate Public Conveniences. In 1939 the Entrance Gates and gateposts were removed and relocated to City Road/Eastern Avenue entry to Sydney University.

In the 1930's, the lake was cleaned, grass laid, flowers planted and pathways were formed in a remodelling scheme. Iron railings around the park were removed and a was fence constructed between the University and the Park, with many of the vistas to the University being lost from the avenue. In 1940 Messenger's Lodge, which was in a deteriorated state, was demolished. In the 1950's Council constructed a swimming pool, further obscuring the vista. Figure 33.1.1 – The Canary Island Date Palms

Description The informal row plantation of Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus The Victoria Park collection is further strengthened by the macrophylla) is one of the longest contiguous examples of extraordinary range of botanical specimens planted during this this planting style in the City of Sydney’s managed parkland early phase of the park’s development. Species of particular (excluding Centennial Parklands – Moore Park and Anzac significance include the native Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba Parade). These Moreton Bay Figs extend along City Road var. henneana), Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta), to Broadway and continue along Parramatta Road (within the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), and exotic Chir University of Sydney grounds) to the Footbridge precinct. This Pine (Pinus roxburghii), Holm Oak (Quercus ilex), Pin Oak single species row is broken up and merged with a range of (Quercus palustris) and Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima other mature species, particularly, the Port Jackson Fig (Ficus var. acutissima). Many of these specimens have close links to rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa). The figs along Charles Moore and the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens. A River Broadway – Parramatta Road are the largest and most imposing Bushwillow (Combretum erythrophyllum), located on City Road, specimens in the collection. They make a dramatic contribution to near the intersection with Cleveland Street is a rare species the character of the streetscape. The figs on City Road however, in Sydney. Victoria Park contains one of the most diverse are generally in fair condition, ageing and relatively small in collections of exotic evergreen and deciduous Oaks (Quercus stature (averaging 10-12 metres in height/ 20-24 metres canopy spp.) and other northern hemisphere species in the City of spread). Moreover, there are further individual specimens of Sydney LGA. In particular, the Chir Pine and Sawtooth Oak are varying sizes within the park. The scattered mixed groupings of relatively rare specimens in the City of Sydney LGA with the only Moreton Bay Figs and Port Jackson Figs near Northam Lake other known examples occurring in the Botanic Gardens and include a number of specimens of particular note. These trees grounds of the University of Sydney (refer to listing). have achieved a substantial size and scale and define the visual and aesthetic quality of this space. Other ageing, gnarled and dwarfed specimens of this species can be found in the upper City Road lawns. One particularly interesting example of the Moreton Bay Fig occurs as a ‘bonsai- type’ specimen, standing only 6 metres in height. Nevertheless, this tree has an exceptional sculptured character and form.

Figure 33.1.2 – The park lake and its surrounding mixed planting of Figs

Statement of Significance Victoria Park is of historical significance as a significant Victorian era park in Sydney (dedicated 1870) and its part in the early history of Camperdown. It is also significant for its close association with the University of Sydney. It retains substantial components, including fabric, spaces, layout and Victorian character of its formative 19th century planning and design. Despite land excision and the imposition of the intrusive swimming pool, the remnant Victoria Park is one of Sydney’s more intact Victorian landscape designs and still conveys a sense of the skill with which it exploited the natural drainage system and topography.

The park contains an outstanding collection of significant trees including many rarely planted botanical specimens. This collection has important associations with Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden and is considered to have group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of aesthetic, visual, historic, social and botanic values. The Victoria Park Group (including the Victorian Gothic style gatehouse, gardens and landscaping) is scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW).

Figure 33.1.3 – The Moreton Bay Figs fronting City Road

Figure 33.1.4 – The avenue of Port Jackson Fig trees that once flanked the northern end of University Avenue leading to the University of Sydney from City Road, before the creation of Victoria Park

33.02 University of Sydney, Physics Road & Manning Road Historical Notes Address: A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth Physics and Manning Roads, century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and University of Sydney various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Ownership Type: Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Govt/Institution/Other and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes Owner/ Controlling Authority: contained strong structural elements. These trees have created University of Sydney a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included c. 1890-1900 consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to Scheduled Significant Trees provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson Qty Species Common Name and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape Ficus rubiginosa f. character of the University and introduced new elements which 2 Port Jackson Fig rubiginosa have now matured to become significant trees within this context.

4 Callitris rhomboidea Port Jackson Cypress Description 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Physics Road contains a number of specimen trees with individual significance. Two very large Port Jackson Figs (Ficus 2 Eucalyptus saligna Sydney Blue Gum rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) are located near the Sports Clinic.

Figure 33.2.1 – Port Jackson Fig

not particularly large specimens, these trees would date from the earliest period of development. Two closely planted Eucalypts, a Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and possibly a closely related species, E. deanei occur in the forecourt to Manning House. These visually prominent specimens possibly date from the Post-War period.

Statement of Significance The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional collection of significant trees, many of which are important elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant trees within the University are considered to be one of the City of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and commemorative values.

Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. The University’s significant trees are typically associated with the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees Figure 33.2.2 – The Port Jackson Cypress tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide These figs are visually part of the Western Avenue group of historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus Port Jackson Figs. These two specimens are significantly developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred larger individuals (16 metres in height and 18-22 metres Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register). canopy spread). The Physics Building, designed by Professor Leslie Wilkinson and built in 1924, is listed on the Register of the National Estate. The Italianate villa style facade appears to have been originally planted with a formal row of Port Jackson Cypress (Callitris rhomboidea). This is a rare example of this local native species being used in a formal plantation. Some of the remaining specimens (likely to be up to 80 years+) are of exceptional size and proportions for this species (up to 16 metres in height). Unfortunately, various phases of infill planting following losses, have introduced modern Cypress cultivars (Cupressus spp.) which has eroded the integrity and significance of this earlier palette. The Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), located in the rear western car parking area and elevated courtyard terrace to the Edward Ford Building, are both individually significant specimens.

The Manning Road – Eastern Avenue group, located to the south of the Main Building and Quadrangle, includes three individually significant Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) and a Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Although

33.03 University of Sydney, Science Road

Address: Historical Notes Science Road, A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth University of Sydney century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and Ownership Type: various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Govt/Institution/Other Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Owner/ Controlling Authority: and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes University of Sydney contained strong structural elements. These trees have created Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy c. 1920-1930 for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, Scheduled Significant Trees as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During Qty Species Common Name the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson 20 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape character of the University and introduced new elements which have now matured to become significant trees within this context.

Figure 33.3.1 – The avenue of Brush Box along Science Road

Description Statement of Significance Science Road, listed on the Register of the National Estate, is The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional an outstanding streetscape of immense character and charm collection of significant trees, many of which are important within the University of Sydney grounds. It is a precinct which elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road “in part, [has] been consciously planned and adapted” by precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the Leslie Wilkinson, Professor of Architecture (Australian Heritage Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City Database). It is a significant streetscape with respect to its of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the subtle use of scale, colour, texture and the way the facades of National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant the buildings are modulated within this landscape to create a trees within the University are considered to be one of the City series of delightfully integrated outdoor spaces. This landscape of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special has evolved since the latter part of the nineteenth century with combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and substantial remodelling, adaptation and additions since the Inter- commemorative values. War period (c. 1915-1940). The mixed avenue of trees along Science Road has group significance in terms of aesthetic, Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes visual, cultural and social values. The avenue is dominated by of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). These are all relatively The University’s significant trees are typically associated with small specimens (within 10-14 metres in height) and would likely the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries date from the Inter-War period. to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register).

33.04 University of Sydney, Parramatta Road Frontage Historical Notes Address: A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth Parramatta Road, Footbridge Theatre, century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and University of Sydney various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Ownership Type: Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Govt/Institution/Other and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes Owner/ Controlling Authority: contained strong structural elements. These trees have created University of Sydney a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included c. 1890 consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to Scheduled Significant Trees provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson Qty Species Common Name and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape 9 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig character of the University and introduced new elements which have now matured to become significant trees within this context. 6 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig Olea europaea subsp. Many of the trees occurring within the historic mixed row planting, 1 Wild Olive africana adjacent to the Holme Building, Old Geology Building, Macleay Museum and Baxter’s Lodge (gatehouse) are of exceptional Ficus superba var. 1 Deciduous Fig significance at both the individual and group levels. The henneana Footbridge precinct group of trees adjoins the Macleay Museum 1 Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri Pine Building, is listed on the Register of the National Estate. The museum was constructed in 1884 to house the famous Macleay 2 Pinus roxburghii Indian Chir Pine collection, brought to Sydney in 1826, and held at Elizabeth 1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine Bay house until the building was completed (refer to Elizabeth

Figure 33.4.1 – The mixed species perimeter along Parramatta Road

Bay listings including ‘Boomerang’ 42 Billyard Avenue in this Statement of Significance Register). This collection of trees is likely to have important The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional associations with the Macleays and Charles Moore (Director, collection of significant trees, many of which are important Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896). elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the Description Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City The row plantation along the Parramatta Road frontage of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the (including the Footbridge precinct group) continues an important National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant thematic planting style dating from this period. This group trees within the University are considered to be one of the City includes Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla), Port Jackson of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special Figs (Ficus rubiginosa), Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and henneana), Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), Queensland Kauri commemorative values. Pine (Agathis robusta), Indian Chir Pines (Pinus roxburghii) and Wild Olive (Olea europaea subsp. africana). The predominant Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes native rainforest figs and pines are typical of many of the City of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. of Sydney’s public parks developed in the latter part of the The University’s significant trees are typically associated with nineteenth century. This group provides outstanding visual and the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries aesthetic continuity, linking to Victoria Park. A more or less to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and contiguous massing of mature, evergreen trees has been created sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, along Parramatta Road from Broadway to the Footbridge theatre courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees precinct (refer to Victoria Park listing in this Register). tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus Many of these trees are individually significant specimens. The developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred individual canopy spread of some of the Moreton Bay Figs range Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register). up to 30 metres and extend over Parramatta Road creating a memorable landscape quality. The exotic Indian Chir Pines (Pinus roxburghii), although not particularly large specimens, are further important components within this historic group. Although other specimens of this species occur in the metropolitan area, these exotic pines are uncommon within the City of Sydney LGA.

A photograph (undated), taken possibly in the first decade of the twentieth century, looking towards the Main University Building from Broadway – Parramatta Road, shows the row of maturing figs described in this section. The figs were possibly 30-40 years old at this stage of development. An avenue of pines, possibly Stone Pines (Pinus pinea) can be seen in the background lining University Avenue. These pines pre-dated the existing avenue of Port Jackson Figs.

Figure 33.4.2 – The Olive Tree

33.05 University of Sydney, University Avenue Historical Notes Address: A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth University Avenue, century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and University of Sydney various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Ownership Type: Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Govt/Institution/Other and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes Owner/ Controlling Authority: contained strong structural elements. These trees have created University of Sydney a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included c. mid 1850-1900 consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to Scheduled Significant Trees provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson Qty Species Common Name and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape 1 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda character of the University and introduced new elements which have now matured to become significant trees within this context. 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig The Main Building and Quadrangle Group, including the Great 18 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig Hall, Quadrangle and various sympathetic and complementary 1 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood additions are listed on the Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City of Sydney Local Environmental

Figure 33.5.1 – The Jacaranda in the main quadrangle (Photo by Arterra Nov 2006)

Figure 33.5.2 – Sydney University - University Avenue c. 1860's (Source : State Library of Victoria - pic aab71041/1/a14767)

Figure 33.5.3 – Sydney University - University Avenue c. 1880 (Source: National Library of Australia - nla.pic vn4701535-v)

Plan 2012 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). Statement of Significance The original building, designed by Edmund Blackett in the The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional Gothic Revival style, was completed in 1860. It was Australia’s collection of significant trees, many of which are important first university building. Following later additions, the complex elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road of buildings enclosed a traditional English collegiate grassed precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the quadrangle. In 1928, Professor E.G. Waterhouse planted a Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) in the south-eastern corner of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the of the Quadrangle lawn. Following a number of failed attempts National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant to establish saplings (its removal being the subject of student trees within the University are considered to be one of the City pranks), a semi-mature specimen was finally established. This of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special tree, now standing 12 metres high with a canopy spread of 18 combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and metres, remains one of Sydney’s best known significant trees commemorative values. (SMH, 18 Nov. 2000). For students, its stunning flower display in November marks an end to the University calendar and beckons Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes the summer holidays. of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. The University’s significant trees are typically associated with The formal avenue planting of Port Jackson Figs (Ficus the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries rubiginosa f. rubiginosa and f. glabrescens) beside University to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and Avenue is vsible in 1860 and 1880 photos. The Moreton Bay Fig sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, (Ficus macrophylla) (Eastern Avenue forecourt) is clearly visible courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees as well established trees in 1943 aerial photos of the campus tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide and would probably indicate planting in a similar period. historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred Description Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register). The eastern and northern paved forecourts of Fisher Library contain two individual specimens, a Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) (Eastern Avenue forecourt) and a multi-trunk Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) (northern forecourt). Both trees are of substantial scale and impact on the quality of these spaces. The Port Jackson Fig is a particularly large example of this species (25 metres canopy spread). The Moreton Bay Fig is of a similar size (26 metres canopy spread) and age structure. Both trees would date from the earliest stages of development during the latter part of the nineteenth century.

The formal avenue planting of Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa and f. glabrescens) beside University Avenue is one of the great formal, single species avenues in the City of Sydney. Although these native figs are relatively small in stature (averaging 10-12 metres in height/ 10-12 metres in canopy diameter), they make a memorable contribution to the formal, structured character of this entry precinct to the Figure 33.5.4 – The Port Jackson Figs lining University Avenue University. These trees reinforce the axial geometry and define the major pedestrian linkage between Victoria Park and the Main University Building. These trees are prominent visual elements, directing and controlling the line of view and framing distant vistas of the City sky-line over Victoria Park (refer to Victoria Park listing in this Register).

A large American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is located immediately south of the The Quadrangle.

33.06 University of Sydney, Western Avenue

Address: Historical Notes Western Avenue and Regimental Drive, A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth University of Sydney century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and Ownership Type: various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Govt/Institution/Other Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Owner/ Controlling Authority: and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes University of Sydney contained strong structural elements. These trees have created Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy c.1920-1940 for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, Scheduled Significant Trees as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During Qty Species Common Name the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson Ficus rubiginosa f. 5 Port Jackson Fig and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape glabrescens character of the University and introduced new elements which 7 Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine have now matured to become significant trees within this context. 1 Platanus x acerifolia London Plane Eucalyptus 1 River Red Gum camaldulensis 1 Corymbia citriodora Lemon Scented Gum

Figure 33.6.1 – The Figs along Western Avenue

Description This precinct is dominated by a large number of different species of trees and age groups, most of which are Post War period (1940's to 1960's) or more recent. Many of these trees are considered to be components of the overall landscape context, however are not considered to be significant. Nevertheless, some specific groups of trees have significance, including a row of four Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) on Western Avenue. The Grose Farm Lane group, near Oval No.2, includes a row of seven Hoop Pines (Araucaria cunninghamii), possibly part of an Inter-War period (c.1915-1940) planting phase. These appear as very young plants in the 1943 aerial photos. An earlier planting of a Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa) near the Chaplaincy appears to date from the 1920's or 30's. The Fig near oval 1 is very defoliated and in serious decline.

Two other significant individual specimens occur to the west of the Veterinary Science Building on the lawn area and in the gardens adjoining Parramatta Road near the McMaster Building. These specimens include a large River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Lemon-scented Gum (Corymbia citriodora), which possibly date from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century period. Trees in the same locations appear in the 1943 aerial photos of the area and would appear to perhaps date from around the late 1920's or early 1930's. Figure 33.6.2 – The Hoop Pines Statement of Significance The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional collection of significant trees, many of which are important elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant trees within the University are considered to be one of the City of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and commemorative values.

33.07 University of Sydney, Fisher Road Precinct Historical Notes Address: A large part of the collection dates from the mid- to late nineteenth Fisher Road adjacent St Pauls College Oval, century and reflects the eclectic thematic planting styles and University of Sydney various overlays of the period, particularly the influence of Ownership Type: Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) Govt/Institution/Other and the Macleay family. These nineteenth century landscapes Owner/ Controlling Authority: contained strong structural elements. These trees have created University of Sydney a distinctive sense of place and continue to provide a rich legacy Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) for the current and future generations of Sydney. They included c. 1940 consistent thematic planting palettes, row planting to boundaries, as well as informal clusters and groupings which combined to Scheduled Significant Trees provide overall consistency, connectivity and integrity. During the Inter-War period (c. 1915-1940), Professor Leslie Wilkinson Qty Species Common Name and Professor E.G. Waterhouse further influenced the landscape Ficus microcarpa var. character of the University and introduced new elements which 11 Hills Weeping Fig hillii have now matured to become significant trees within this context. 3 Callitris rhomboidea Port Jackson Cypress The planting of the Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) appears to be from c. 1940 as they are evident as very small trees in the 1943 aerial of the area. The three Callitris rhomboidea (Port Jackson Cypress) would appears to date after the figs, and probably relate to the construction period of the Transient building which was built as a temporary building in the early Post War period.

Figure 33.7.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs

Description The interlocking canopies of a row of 11 Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) are significant visual elements along Fisher Road. They are now 18-20m in height with spreads of approximately 20m with the canopy extending over Fisher Road.

The three Callitris rhomboidea (Port Jackson Cypress) are located in a narrow garden area adjacent to the Transient and Madsen Buildings. These are a relatively uncommon native tree and are approximately 15-16m high with a narrow spread of only 3-4m.

Figure 33.7.2 – The Port Jackson Cypress

33.08 Sancta Sophia College Group

Address: Historical Notes Missenden Road, Sancta Sophia College was founded as a residential college for University of Sydney Catholic Women in 1925, as social and educational changes Ownership Type: facilitated higher education for women, it was expected that Govt/Institution/Other more women from rural as well as urban centres would enrol Owner/ Controlling Authority: at the university. In November 1923 the Catholic Archbishop Trustees of Sancta Sophia of Sydney, Michael Kelly and the Bishops of New South Wales Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) issued a pastoral letter that drew attention to the advantages of c. 1930's university education for the Catholic community and announced that a Catholic Women’s College would be built. Scheduled Significant Trees The foundation stone of the Hall of Residence was laid on 26 Qty Species Common Name March 1925, and the name ‘Sancta Sophia’ was chosen. The 2 Corymbia citriodora Lemon Scented Gum first students moved into the Hall in its current location on Missenden Road, on 15 March, 1926. In 1957 Sir Mark and Lady Ficus superba var. 1 Deciduous Fig Sheldon donated the dining hall which bears their name. Further henneana additions have been made to the College over the years: the East Wing and kitchen were built in 1961, the Octagon building in 1963; the McDonald Wing in 1970 and the Vice-Principal’s and Principal’s flats in 1990 and 1993 respectively. A detailed history of Sancta Sophia College, Wisdom Built Herself a House by Marie Kennedy RSCJ, was published in 1997.

The Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana) is usually noted as being planted during the latter part of the nineteenth century, it is somewhat less common than the Moreton Bay Fig and Port Jackson Fig found throughout the City of Sydney LGA. 1943 aerial photos of the site reveal that the Fig was not planted prior to this time and probably dates from some time in the 1950's. The two large Lemon-scented Gums (Corymbia citriodora) do however appear to be present in 1943 and may indicate a planting associated with the early landscaping of the College in the 1930's.

Figure 33.8.1 – The Deciduous Fig

Description The north-eastern garden of Sancta Sophia College contains an outstanding specimen of the native Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana). This particular specimen has two main trunks growing from a massive buttressed base (4.0m in diameter). The tree has an expansive canopy (25 metres in diameter) and stands 18 metres in height. This species is an interesting component of some of the City’s major parks. The two large Lemon-scented Gums (Corymbia citriodora), located within a mixed row planting along the Missenden Road frontage, also have local significance in this context.

33.09 St John's College Group

Address: Historical Notes Parramatta Road, St John’s College is the second oldest University College in University of Sydney Australia and has been in continuous occupation of this site since Ownership Type: 1863. The College is a landmark building for Australian Catholic Govt/Institution/Other Church as a representation for equality with other denominations Owner/ Controlling Authority: in NSW and as the culmination of the Catholic education system. University of Sydney The ambitious size and halting progress of the buildings is Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) evidence of the tension between the aspirations of the Church c. 1920's hierarchy and the resources of the Catholic community. The buildings have strong associations with the many important 19th Scheduled Significant Trees century and 20th century architects, scholars, as well as church and community leaders. Qty Species Common Name 1 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm The northern wing and central section were constructed in 1862 which contain the principal internal spaces of the complex, the 7 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Great Hall, The Chapel and Brennan Hall. The tower was added in 1937. There were four storey extensions carried out in the 20th century - the 1938 Wing designed by Hennessy and Hennessy Co, the Menzies Wing (1962) by McDonnell, Mar and Anderson Architects, the Polding Wing (1967) by McDonnell and Mar Architects. The 2009 building, known as the Hintz Block, was designed by Altis Architecture.

Figure 33.9.1 – The Moreton Bay Figs

The grounds are important in providing an appropriate setting for the college buildings and they are one of the few remaining large undeveloped open spaces in the university. The Parramatta Road entry to the college is defined by two vehicular gates affixed to two sandstone pillars with carved St John’s College Coat of Arms and decorative caps, flanked on either side by pedestrian iron gates and smaller sandstone piers. Phoenix palms originally lined the driveway but now only one survives. (State Heritage Register)

Aerial photos dating to 1943 indicate that most of the current planting dates from the 1920's and 30's. Numerous trees can be seen as small specimens in 1943 with many now removed providing a more simplistic landscape.

Description St John’s College contains a significant collection of trees dating from the early 20th century. The integrity of an important historic row planting of six mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla), near the north-eastern boundary of the oval, has been compromised by past unsympathetic pruning practices. One very large Canary Island date Palm (Phoenix canariensis) remains from an earlier reported row planting along the driveway.

Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. The University’s significant trees are typically associated with Figure 33.9.2 – The last remaining Canary Island Date Palm the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register).

33.10 St Andrew's College Group

Address: Historical Notes Missenden Road, and main access between College and St Andrew’s College, built in 1867 and listed on the Register Oval, of the National Estate, contains a significant collection of University of Sydney trees dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. In Ownership Type: 1892-1893, to accommodate the training of candidates for the Govt/Institution/Other Presbyterian ministry, an additional two storey wing at right Owner/ Controlling Authority: angles to the main tower was constructed to the design of John University of Sydney Sulman. In the period before World War I, student numbers rose Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) rapidly with some resident tutors, and a new stone wing (now c. 1880's -1900? known as Vaucluse) was added parallel to the Sulman Wing in 1913-1914. By the 1950's there were 150 students in residence, Scheduled Significant Trees so two modern brick buildings were constructed in front of the main building, Reid in 1953 and Thyne in 1966. The College now Qty Species Common Name has accommodation for 200 undergraduate male students, three Eucalyptus globulus 1 Maiden's Gum resident Fellows and up to a dozen postgraduate students and subsp. maidenii fluctuating number of academic visitors. 6 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box Aerial photos of the site from 1943 indicate numerous mature 15 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel trees, particularly in the pathway leading from the main College building to the north-east and the main Sydney University 6 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig campus. This would indicate many of the trees associated with 1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine this pathway date from the early 1900's and perhaps even earlier. Subsequent overlays have occurred with the 1950's and 1960's 3 Afrocarpus falcatus Outeniqua Yellow-wood additions to the College. 1 Ulmus procera English Elm

Figure 33.10.1 – The Moreton Bay Figs

Description Statement of Significance The mixed avenue of evergreen trees along the main pedestrian The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional steps to the oval includes a large Maiden’s Gum (Eucalyptus collection of significant trees, many of which are important globulus subsp. maidenii). The single species grouping of three elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road Outeniqua Yellow-wood (Afrocarpus falcatus) near the workshop precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the building contains some very large specimens. The significance Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City and integrity of this group however has been compromised by of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the past unsympathetic crown pruning. National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant trees within the University are considered to be one of the City The two groups of Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla), of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special located near the Carillon Avenue boundary, contain a number combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and of individual specimens of outstanding scale and proportions commemorative values. (varying between 18-22 metres in height and up to 25 metres in individual canopy spread). One specimen has massive Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes buttressing and aerial roots extending over an area of 10 metres of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. in diameter. All of these Moreton Bay Figs, a Camphor Laurel The University’s significant trees are typically associated with (Cinnamomum camphora) and Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries (22 metres in height) located within this group, are likely to date to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and from the earliest period of development. The overall integrity sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, of much of this historic collection indicates the need for further courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees research and investigation. tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register).

Figure 33.10.2 – The Maiden's Gum Figure 33.10.3 – The Camphor Laurels

33.11 Wesley College Group

Address: Historical Notes Western Avenue, Cecil Purser Wing, It would appear that most of the tree planting associated with University of Sydney the College dates from the late Inter-War Period and the Post Ownership Type: WWII period. Review of the 1943 aerial photos of this area reveal Govt/Institution/Other that the Deodar Cedars (Cedrus deodara) were not planted until Owner/ Controlling Authority: probably some time in the 1950's as they were not present in the University of Sydney 1943 photos. Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) c. 1950 There appears to be a row planting of very young trees in the vicinity of the other scheduled items in 1943, but they appear very Scheduled Significant Trees evenly spaced and probably were all the same species, which would not marry with the more eclectic planting seen today. One Qty Species Common Name possibility may be that the Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) 2 Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar was planted as a row planting and several specimens may have failed and were later replaced with the other species at a later 1 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood date. Quercus acutissima var. 1 Sawtooth Oak acutissima

Figure 33.11.1 – The Sawtooth Oak and American Cottonwood along Western Avenue

Description The upper western terrace adjacent to the Cecil Purser Wing contains two very large specimen Deodar Cedars (Cedrus deodara). These trees (18-20 metres in height and 15-16 metres canopy spread) would be amongst the larger known examples of this species in the City of Sydney LGA (excluding the Royal Botanic Gardens). The American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is a further outstanding specimen of considerable scale.

The Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) is one of only a few known mature specimens in the City of Sydney LGA (refer to Victoria Park listing in this Register).

33.12 St Paul's College Group

Address: Historical Notes City Road, main entry road, south east car park, In 1854, land comprising 120 acres was chosen at Grose Farm University of Sydney for the University and four affiliated colleges, with 16 acres sub- Ownership Type: granted by the University for the site of St Paul's College in Govt/Institution/Other 1855. Edmund Blacket's design for the College was approved Owner/ Controlling Authority: in January 1856 and the foundation stone was laid that month. University of Sydney The design for the structure drew on the Oxbridge tradition and Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) incorporated a quadrangular college arrangement, similar to that c. 1890's proposed for the University's Main Building.

Scheduled Significant Trees Most of the building was completed between 1858 and 1864. The Wardens Lodge was completed in 1887 to a design by Blacket Qty Species Common Name Brothers and the East Wing (Radford Wing) was remodelled by Ficus rubiginosa f. 2 Port Jackson Fig the Blacket Brothers in 1915. The oval was built on formerly low rubiginosa lying swampy ground in 1916 and was first used for sporting 2836 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box events in the 1920's.

2 4 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda The addition to the Eastern Range of St Pauls College was designed by Cyril Blacket in 1914. Cyril Blacket prepared plans to enclose the quadrangle in 1920 and also designed the Garnsey Wing which was completed in 1921. In the 1930's a tree planting programme was commenced. The addition to the Northern Range was designed in 1947 by Stephenson & Turner. Many other additions were added in subsequent years including the; Chapel Wing (1961), Arnott Wing (1962), Tower Wing (1966), Mansfield Memorial Library (1968), which were all designed by the architecture firm Fowell Mansfield Jarvis and Maclurclan and in 1985 the Southern Cloister of the West Wing was completed by Peter Reed, it was donated by Professor C Salisbury.

Figure 33.12.1 – The Port Jackson Fig at the southern corner of Figure 33.12.2 – The Port Jackson Fig and the Brush Box lining Paul's College the driveway and City Road frontage c1935 Paul's College. (Source: National Library of Australia - nla.pic vn4655485-v)

Figure 33.12.3 – 1943 aerial view of Paul's College showing the extensive planting that existed. The Figs and at least 36 of the still remaining Brush Box are clearly visible. (Source: Lands Department - Six Viewer)

Figure 33.12.4 – The two Jacarandas within the quadrangle (c1965) are impressive specimens but are pre-dated by the Jacarandas to the western side of St Paul's College.

Description Statement of Significance This broad range of planting is of varying age structure and The grounds of the University of Sydney contain an exceptional overlays. A particularly large Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa collection of significant trees, many of which are important f. rubiginosa) is located in the gardens adjoining the Main elements in association with heritage listed buildings and road Quadrangle (18 metres in height and 25 metres canopy spread). precincts. A number of places and items are scheduled on the This is an exceptional size for this fig and it is likely to be one Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register, City of the earliest planted specimens in the College. A further of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 and classified by the Port Jackson Fig occurs in the south-eastern car parking area National Trust of Australia (NSW). At a group level, the significant however the integrity of this significant tree has been severely trees within the University are considered to be one of the City compromised by past heavy pruning and it is in serious decline. of Sydney’s more important collections in terms of the special combination of aesthetic, scientific, botanic, historic, social and There are at least 36 remaining Brush Box that are identified as commemorative values. part of the Colleges early plantings dating to the late 1920's and early 1930's. This includes the double row planting associated Many of these trees are of exceptional value, creating landscapes with the City Road frontage (15) and the main driveway and of high visual and aesthetic quality and a unique sense of place. pedestrian walkway in the north-east leading to the Edward The University’s significant trees are typically associated with Ford Building (18) as well as some between the driveway and the curtilage of historic buildings, building facades, boundaries the south-east most building of the St Paul’s College group of to colleges and along the campus boundaries, ovals and buildings (3). These latter mentioned trees appear to be slightly sportsgrounds, internal roadways and pedestrian walkways, older than the other Brush Box planted along the driveway, courtyards and a broad range of ancillary spaces. These trees judging by their sizes in the 1943 aerial photos. The single Brush tell the stories and aspirations of people. They also provide Box located in the southern car park, although now very large, historic markers in the landscape, describing the way the campus appears to have been planted after the other Brush Box and is developed over time and its close links with Royal Prince Alfred not included in the above listings. Hospital and Victoria Park (refer to other listings in this Register).

The 2 Jacarandas on the western side of the buildings appear to date from the late 1940's or early 1950's as they are visible as well established trees in 1958 photos. It is unclear if they were present in the 1943 aerial photos. These are significant trees due to their size and early planting time. The Jacarandas in the central courtyard were not planted until after 1965. These are visually significant and certainly contribute to the current character and history of the St Paul’s College development. There is no evidence, however, of any relationship of these Jacarandas with that in the University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle which was reportedly planted in the late 1920's (Curtis 1981).

Figure 33.12.6 – The larger of the two Jacarandas to the western side of St Paul's College

Figure 33.12.5 – The Brush Box along McLeod Road adjoining St Pauls's oval

33.13 The Women's College Group

Address: Historical Notes Western Avenue, The Women's College within the University of Sydney, opened in University of Sydney 1892, was the first university college for women in Australia. The Ownership Type: earliest section of the College, designed by the architectural firm Govt/Institution/Other of Sulman & Power and completed in 1894, is a fine example of Owner/ Controlling Authority: an institutional building in the 'Federation Free Classical' style University of Sydney of architecture. This original wing of the college exhibits a high Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) quality of workmanship and retains the intended relationship c. 1969 with its terraced landscape. It is scheduled on the NSW State Heritage Register and City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan Scheduled Significant Trees 2012.

Qty Species Common Name Substantial additions to the original College throughout the Eucalyptus globulus 3 Maiden's Gum twentieth century demonstrate the growth of the institution, subsp. maidenii changing architectural styles, social mores and teaching 1 Eucalyptus microcorys Tallow Wood requirements. The Women's College was built on a treeless paddock immediately to the west of St Paul's College. Although the site had a frontage to Carillon Avenue the building with its main axis at right angles to the street, facing west towards St Andrew's College. The original entry road from Carillon Avenue was a gravel driveway terminating in a circular turning area outside the front steps. This has now been replaced by a bitumen roadway. The Langley wing & connecting walkway, the Menzies Common Room and an addition to the dining hall was undertaken 1965-1969.

The grounds of the main building comprise three (of the original four) distinct levels with steep, grass embankments in between that were constructed in 1893 and which formed the most significant feature within the original landscaping. These embankments, combined with the layout and design of the building facilitated the passive cooling of the building by cross ventilation, a feature characteristic of the work of Sulman and Power. From the 1890's, when many plants were donated by well wishers, the gardens developed through to the 1940's reflecting a gardenesque landscape more commonly seen in grand residential properties. The existing garden bed at the base of the upper embankment includes small flowering trees and shrubs: crab apples, cherry, azaleas and assorted annuals. Today, the mature trees around the north, east and west boundaries enhance the sense of enclosure and privacy within the College grounds.

Figure 33.13.1 – The Maiden's Gums

The age of these trees is unclear. The campus appears to have had many overlays of landscaping. The 1943 aerial photo of the campus show numerous mature trees surrounding the College. The existing trees in this location in 1943 were likely removed to facilitate the construction of the northern Langley Wing and connecting walkway in 1965-69 and the scheduled trees are probably from this period.

Description A group of three mature Maiden’s Gums (Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maidenii), located in the western garden, make a dramatic contribution to the visual and aesthetic quality of this location. These trees are of similar age structure and scale with dimensions of approximately 25 metres in height and 18-22 metres individual canopy spread (1.2-1.4m diameter bases). This is a rare example of a group planting of this species in the City of Sydney.

33.14 Royal Prince Alfred Hospital - Missenden Road Historical Notes Address: Following the attempted assassination of HRH Prince Alfred, Missenden Road, Duke of Edinburgh in Clontarf in 1868, Parliament approved the Camperdown construction of a new hospital in Missenden Road. The Royal Ownership Type: Prince Alfred Hospital Admission Block, designed by George Govt/Institution/Other Allan Mansfield (built 1876-1882), together with the later additions Owner/ Controlling Authority: of the Victorian and Albert wings (c.1904 and extensions c.1943), Sydney Local Health Network are scheduled on the State Heritage Register. These buildings Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) form a landmark group of exceptional architectural significance c. 1890-1890 (NSW State Heritage Inventory).

Scheduled Significant Trees The Hospital gardens were established in 1876 with the assistance of staff from the Sydney Botanic Gardens during Qty Species Common Name the time of Charles Moore’s directorship (1848-1896). The 8 Flindersia australis Crows Ash original landscape approach drew on an eclectic range of native rainforest species and exotic evergreen and deciduous broadleaf Ficus microcarpa var. 8 Hills Weeping Fig species to create a lush, subtropical quality to the landscape. hillii Professor Waterhouse (noted for the Jacaranda planting in the Argyrodendron Quadrangle, University of Sydney) was involved in later work 1 actinophyllum subsp. Black Booyong associated with both the RPAH façade planting scheme on actinophyllum Missenden Road and rear lower gardens of the Hospital during 1 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box the Inter-War period (c.1915-1940). Refer to listing for University of Sydney – University Avenue (including Main Building & American Bull Bay 1 Magnolia grandiflora Quadrangle). Magnolia 6 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel The front garden to the entrance of RPAH Admission Block was substantially altered in 1907, during the Inter-War period 1 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda (late 1930s) and again during the Post-War period (1960). The 1 Platanus x acerifolia London Plane Federation period planting, which is believed to have included palms and subtropical shrubs (NSW State Heritage Inventory), 1 Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar during the time of Joseph Maiden as Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens, was later replaced and supplemented with new planting under the direction of Professor Waterhouse during the late 1930's.

Description The RPAH Precinct including the Hospital grounds and gardens, contains an outstanding collection of significant trees and remnant cultural landscapes. There are two main parts to the collection – the Missenden Road group (upper level) and rear gardens (lower level). Although the gardens are collectively significant in terms of their historic, social and cultural overlays, they present as an ad hoc collection of trees rather than a landscape composition.

Missenden Road group (row plantation to façade of RPAH) The existing gardens are a curiously eclectic mixture of native and exotic species including eight Crows Ash (Flindersia australis), seven Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii),

a single American Bull Bay Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), a Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus).

The American Bull Bay Magnolia (12 metres in height/ 10 metres canopy diameter) is a large specimen and may date from the earliest phase of planting. The Hill’s Weeping Figs (18-20 metres in height/ 22-25 metres canopy spread) and Crows Ash (15- 18 metres in height) are believed to be representative of the planting overlay during the Inter-War period (late 1930s). Some of the Crows Ash are in decline. The Smooth-barked Apple (22 metres in height/ 12 metres canopy spread) is believed to be a Post-War period planting.

None of the trees are significant as individual specimens. Of further note are the similarities with Wynyard Park’s Inter-War period planting including the use of Crows Ash along the York Street frontage and Hill’s Weeping Figs on Carrington Street, Wynyard Park (refer to Listing in this Register).

Rear garden group (Gloucester House lawn area to gardens north of chapel) This group has significance in being a remnant of mixed group Figure 33.14.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs along the Missenden planting designed as a dense vegetated buffer between the Road frontage Hospital and mortuary. This planting scheme was established during the time of the hospital’s construction in 1874 and is an integral component of the overall design and philosophy. The approach is considered to be a “rare example of the scientific thought… and theories” of this period (“The Rear Gardens” – NSW State Heritage Inventory). The mixed tree group was originally part of a broader late-Victorian landscape of sweeping lawns, planted garden beds which included specimen planting of palms and accents, two rotundas and a tennis court in the high Gardenesque style of the period. The tree group’s location in a natural gully adjacent to an old creek-line has ensured optimum conditions for growth, particularly for native subtropical rainforest species which have benefited from the high moisture levels, good drainage, soil nutrients, north-easterly aspect and shelter from prevailing winds. A number of individual trees have achieved a substantial size, scale and proportions under this micro-environment.

The original design, plant selection and layout was typical of the approach of Charles Moore. Professor Waterhouse was responsible for later embellishment of these gardens, including additional Jacarandas and Camellias near the Nurses Home. The protection and management of important views linking the Medical School and the Hospital were primary considerations in this design. Although a Conservation Management Plan for the Hospital (RPAH CMP Vol.2) has been developed in recent years, the loss of historic views and contextual elements, new building Figure 33.14.2 – The Jacaranda

and road works, alienation and fragmentation of historic planting are of the glabrous-leaf form from the north coast of New South has continued to have a cumulative negative impact on the site’s Wales or Queensland. These figs have sculptural forms with heritage values. extensive buttressing, coalesced roots and large spreading canopies (16-18 metres in height/ 18-25 metres canopy spread). This rear garden group contains a number of notable individual They create a distinctive cloistered character beside the RPAH specimens. The north-eastern lawn area near Gloucester House Chapel (built 1955). is dominated by a magnificent Jacaranda specimen (Jacaranda mimosifolia). This highly ornamental tree would date from the The tree believed to be a Black Booyong is of particular note earliest planting phase and has an exceptionally large spreading being a very rare specimen in the City of Sydney LGA. Only two canopy (14 metres in height/ 22 metres canopy diameter). This other mature specimens of similar age and size are known to tree is much older and larger than the other Jacarandas planted exist – in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. This specimen in by Professor Waterhouse. the grounds of RPAH is likely to be the largest extant in the City of Sydney standing approximately 22 metres in height, 12 metres A more or less contiguous lineal cluster of trees occurs canopy diameter and 1.2m trunk diameter with a buttressed between the new Hospital extensions and Blackburn pavilion, base to 2m diameter. The massive buttressing is typical of this continuing through to the gardens north of the Chapel (near the native subtropical rainforest species from the NSW north coast Haematology and Blood Bank) and Centenary Institute Building. and south-eastern Queensland. At the time of the field survey, This mixed group is dominated by six particularly large Camphor there was no available identifying material on the ground. Laurels (Cinnamomum camphora) ranging from 16-22 metres Nevertheless, this specimen is believed to be Argyrodendron in height/ 18-22 metres canopy spread. Two of these multi- actinophyllum (syn. Heritiera actinophylla) rather than the trunk specimens would be amongst the largest examples of related White Booyong (Argyrodendron trifoliatum). this taxon in the City of Sydney LGA standing 20-22 metres in height, 22 metres canopy spread and up to 2m diameter bases. Other component species include Hill’s Weeping Fig (Ficus One specimen near the RPAH Chapel is shrouded with the microcarpa var. hillii), Jamaica Fiddlewood (Citharexylum exotic climber, Monstera deliciosa and native epiphyte, Elkhorn quadrangulare) and Lemon-scented Gum (Corymbia citriodora). (Platycerium bifurcatum). Smaller Camphor Laurel regrowth These trees are generally supportive to neutral in the context of also occurs in the group and is indicative of the vigorous this heritage landscape. reproductive strategy of this species. The introduction of this species in the early nineteenth century as an ornamental exotic Statement of Significance has had a profound impact on our natural bushland, gardens The planting schemes are typical of the late Victorian period and pasturelands. Although these larger specimens are of with overlays dating from the Federation and Inter-War periods. particular cultural, social and historic significance, the Camphor The areas defined as the Missenden Road – Main Front Garden, Laurel is generally regarded as a weed species throughout its University Boundary and The Rear Gardens are all scheduled naturalised range from the south coast and Sydney region to the in the State Heritage Register. The Hospital and grounds are NSW north coast and as far as the Atherton Tablelands in North also classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). Notably, Queensland. Further voluntary colonisation by this species the historic landscape character, planting palette and thematic should be vigorously controlled in this location and within the styling is consistent with the approach taken throughout much City of Sydney LGA. The CMP proposes the potential use of of the University of Sydney campus. Although fragmented and this species for supplementary planting as part of a conservation alienated by recent development (including construction of E strategy. This approach even within an urban heritage context is Block and covered walkways), these last vestiges of an important not recommended. cultural landscape continue to illustrate the historic, social and scientific links between RPAH and the University of Sydney. Other important species in this group include exotics such as the London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia), Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara), American Bull Bay Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) and native rainforest species comprising a Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), two Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens) and a tall, emergent specimen believed to be Black Booyong or Black Jack (Argyrodendron actinophyllum subsp. actinophyllum). Most of these trees have achieved a significant size and scale in this location. Both of the Port Jackson Figs

34. Darling Harbour

34.01 Darling Harbour Historical Notes Address: When Sydney was founded in 1788, the bay was called Long Tumbalong Park, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre Cove because of its unusual length. The large shell middens Forecourts, Darling Harbour left by generations of Cadigal people in the area soon saw the Ownership Type: name Cockle Bay come into everyday use. In 1826 the bay was Govt/Institution/Other again renamed-this time becoming Darling Harbour in honour of Owner/ Controlling Authority: Governor Ralph Darling-Sydney's Governor at the time. Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Commissioned by Governor Macquarie in 1812, Darling Harbour c. 1987 developed from a bustling market wharf to what became a major industrial and goods-handling precinct. An immigration scheme Scheduled Significant Trees saw many of Australia's post-war refugees and immigrants set foot on Australian soil at Darling Harbour. By the mid 1970's Darling Harbour was a series of empty warehouses and rarely Qty Species Common Name used train tracks, with only the odd vessel using its wharfs. Its Ficus rubiginosa f. magnificent waterfront address, adjacent to the city, was ripe for 1 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens redevelopment. In 1984, the NSW State Government, announced the redevelopment of the area and a decision to "return it to the 23 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm people of Sydney after 150 years of industrial use". 7 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm The Darling Harbour foreshore development during the 1980's 13 Washingtonia filifera American Cotton Palm and 1990's period transformed the landscape and its historic and cultural heritage values. The historically reclaimed area of 77 Livistona australis Cabbage Palm Cockle Bay was redeveloped with a range of facilities including the Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney Convention Centre, Sydney Exhibition Centre, Harbourside shopping mall, the Chinese Gardens and Tumbalong Park. During later

Figure 34.1.1 – The Cabbage Palm grove adjacent the iMax Theatre and freeways

development phases the Darling Walk, restaurant precinct and There are three main groups of Livistona australis, 37 in Imax Theatre were added to the growing harbour foreshore the freeway lawn and concourse area ranging in clear trunk attractions. heights from 8-15m, 19 in the Convention Centre forecourt ranging in clear trunk heights from 6-12m and 21 infront of the The area was landscaped with expansive paved areas, water Harbourside Centre with clear trunk heights of between 7-10m. features, amphitheatre and a broad range of translocated The Washingtonia Palms are all associated with the freeway specimen palms and a mature Port Jackson Fig (Ficus overpass with 10 and 7 large specimens. There are 23 Phoenix rubiginosa) which was brought by barge from Homebush. palms currently planted down the main pedestrian spine between The Fig suffered with poor drainage and setbacks from the the harbour and Tumberlong Park precincts. transplanting operation for several years, but with considerable efforts, drainage and other soil issues were corrected and the The translocated mature population of exotic palms (ie. tree finally appears to be flourishing. Washington Palms, American Cotton Palms and Canary Island Date Palms) were sourced from nurseries and transplanters Description from places which may have had their own particular cultural, The large number of mature palms and the mature Fig brought social, aesthetic and historic significance. The Livistona Palms to the site created an ‘instant landscape’, creating a new sense are more commonly sourced from road construction sites and of place and aesthetic character. The eclectic range of exotic forestry areas which are destined to be destroyed. and native palms were clustered in various locations adjacent to the fly-over expressways above the park in order to modify the Canary Island Date Palms are an exotic palm species that scale and negative impact of this development. They were also provides a bold accent, dramatic scale, uniform growth pattern planted as accent plants in front of the Convention Centre and and tolerance to drought is highly favoured in formal planting Harbourside retail area. schemes. The palm is generally associated with commemorative

Figure 34.1.2 – The translocated Port Jackson Fig in Tumbalong Park

parkland and civic landscapes established during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (particularly the Inter- war Period (c.1915-1940). Significant public collections of this species throughout Sydney’s eastern suburbs have been decimated in recent years by a soil fungal pathogen, known commonly as Fusarium wilt. One of the Canary Island Date Palm was noted with the disease during field work for this Register in 2012.

The broad-scale transplanting of mature Cabbage Palms (Livistona australis), continues to be part of a broader program of ‘translocation’, first popularised in Sydney during this 1980's period. The use of this native rainforest species, as mature, single-age group specimens in public and private developments has become a significant feature of the city and harbour-side landscapes (eg. Circular Quay East, First Fleet Park, The Rocks (refer to listing in this Register, Pyrmont Point Park and Star City Casino, Pyrmont, Fox Studios and others) and recently continued in new works undertaken in Darling Harbour such as Darling Quarter completed in 2012.

Statement of Significance The Darling Harbour foreshore development during the 1980's Figure 34.1.3 – The row of Canary Island Date Palms and 1990's period transformed the landscape and created a significant open space and entertainment precinct for tourists and residents of greater Sydney. The character and landscape of Darling Harbour is defined by these examples of translocated palms and the mature Fig. They were selected to reflect the late 19th century styles of other major Sydney parks. It is a significant example of the "instant landscape" and landscape design and transplanting methods employed in the later part of the twentieth century. It is representative of the common civic landscapes of Sydney in the 1980's and 90's. As specimens they are significant in terms of their social, educational, commemorative and aesthetic values.

Figure 34.1.4 – Mixed Washingtonia spp. palms around the freeway overpasses

35. Prince Alfred Park, Central and Eveleigh Rail Yards

35.01 Prince Alfred Park

Address: Historical Notes Chalmers Street and Cleveland Street, Prince Alfred Park, bounded by Cleveland Street (south), Redfern Chalmers Street (east) and railway network (north-west), is Ownership Type: scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, Park Sydney City Heritage Study and classified by the National Trust Owner/ Controlling Authority: of Australia (NSW). The park shares a common boundary with City of Sydney the Sydney Community College, formerly the site of Cleveland Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Street Boys High School (built in 1867). c. 1870 Early in the 19th century the park remained as undeveloped Scheduled Significant Trees government paddocks surrounded by various land grants. The first house associated with the paddocks was Cleveland House Qty Species Common Name (c. 1824, also a listed heritage item). Towards the mid-19th 15 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig century suburban development began to surround the paddocks and the potential of Cleveland Paddocks (as they had become 2 Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri Pine known) as a significant urban park was increasing. The first major historical event associated with Cleveland Paddocks was 1 Arytera divaricata Coogera the initiation of the first railway in Australia in 1850. The rail line to Ficus rubiginosa f. Parramatta with associated station and workshops was opened 1 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens on the western portion of Cleveland Paddocks in 1855. The land grant to the Railways isolated an almost triangular portion of the 6 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm paddocks to the east. This land was to become Prince Alfred 16 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box Park. By 1856 St. Paul's Anglican Church was completed and 10 Platanus x acerifolia London Plane

Figure 35.1.1 – The Moreton Bay Figs in the southern end of the park

the Cleveland Street Public School was initiated on portions of and scale of these spaces. The two specimens are visually land resumed from the paddocks. On 22nd December, 1865, the connected to another Kauri Pine in the Sydney Community remaining portion of the paddocks was dedicated as a reserve College. for public purposes. At this time the reserve was an open field. The reserve was called Prince Alfred Park to commemorate the Statement of Significance visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Alfred, to the Australian Prince Alfred Park is historically significant as the first park colonies in the late 1860's. in Australia laid out for the purpose of holding an Agricultural Society Intercolonial Exhibition in 1870. The layout and mature The park was the site of the Sydney Exhibition Hall, built in vegetation are extremely important historical items. The park the 1870's and later demolished in the 1940's (State Heritage has immense historical and aesthetic significance, and is also Inventory). Prince Alfred Park retains a significant collection of of social significance. The park has historical associations with trees, including row plantations and individual specimen trees, the NSW Agricultural Society and with Benjamin Backhouse, which are likely to date from this 1870s period. Architect. The collection of trees is considered to have group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of aesthetic, historic, The structure of park planting follows a typical late nineteenth social and botanic values. There are also individual specimens century model using Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) which are significant at the local level. as the dominant park element, arranged as an informal row along the boundaries. This approach was promoted by Charles Moore (Director, Royal Botanic Gardens between 1848-1896). Prince Alfred Park has been overlayed with a number of other phases of planting throughout the twentieth century. The central avenue of London Planes (Platanus x acerifolia) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) are likely to date from Inter-War period planting schemes (c. 1915-1940). Similarly, the mixed exotic palms located along the northern boundary of the park, including Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta) and Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) would date from this period. This latter planting phase is generally supportive of the park’s contextual character and other scheduled significant trees.

Description Some of these Moreton Bay Figs have achieved outstanding proportions and scale (up to 20-22 metres in height and 25-30 metres in canopy spread). The oldest figs, being those fronting Cleveland Street now appear to suffering decline with thinning canopies and epicormic growth.

The park contains further native rainforest elements, one of which is a rarely planted specimen dating from the early phases of development. The Coogera (Arytera divaricata), a native of northern NSW and Qld coastal rainforests (particularly littoral rainforests) is located within the Chalmers Street boundary planting. The only other known examples of this species of similar age group in the City of Sydney LGA, are growing in the Sydney Botanic Gardens. Other native rainforest species in this location include a Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens) and two magnificent specimens of the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta). These pines were often planted in Figure 35.1.2 – One of the Moreton Bay Figs in the north of the distinctive groupings with other tall emergent species, including park the native Araucarias. They are important components of these public planting schemes and have a dramatic impact on quality

A. Bibliography

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Attenbrow, Val (2010) Sydney's Aboriginal Past : Invetsigating Boland, D.J., Booker, M.I.H., Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N. the archaeological and historical records.UNSW Press, Sydney. Hyland, B.P.M., Johnston, R.D., Kleing, D.A. and Turner, J.D. (1984) Forest Trees of Australia, Thomas Nelson and CSIRO, Australia Beautiful: Sydney Number "The Home" Easter Pictorial Melbourne. (1928), Art in Australia Limited, Sydney Ure Smith, Sydney. Churches, D. (1990) ‘The Cultural Significance of the Royal Australian Council of National Trusts (1993) Historic Houses, Botanic Gardens, Sydney’, unpublished document for NSW Adian Savvas, Canberra. Public Works Department, Environmental Design Section

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Wilson, E. (Ed.) (1986) Discovering the Domain, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust.

B. Statistics and Summary Information

Item Number of % Item Number of % trees trees Total Number of trees Scheduled 2668 - OWNERSHIP TYPE in the Register Total Number of different species Scheduled Trees in Parks 805 30.2% represented in the Scheduled 85 - Scheduled Trees in Streets 558 20.9% Items Total Number of Separate Scheduled Trees in Other 151 - 1179 44.2% Listings/ Places in Register Institutions/ Govt/ NGO's Scheduled Trees in Private 126 4.7% LISTING CATEGORIES Ownership (note listings typically contain at least 2 categories) TOP PRECINCTS Listings made due to visual or 147 97.4% Moore Park and Paddington asethetic significance 643 24.1% (Precinct 24) Listings made due to botanic or 45 29.8% Sydney University scientific significance 289 10.8% (Precinct 33) Listings made due to ecological 15 9.9% Elizabeth Bay significance 257 9.6% (Precinct 22) Listings made due to historic or 129 85.4% Glebe Area (Combined) commemorative significance 242 9.1% (Precinct 18,19 & 20) Listings made due to social 69 45.7% Town Hall and Mid City significance 130 4.9% (Precinct 6) Redfern West 126 4.7% TOP 10 SPECIES (Precinct 11) REPRESENTED All other Precincts 981 36.8% Ficus macrophylla 501 18.8% (Moreton Bay Fig) Ficus microcarpa var. hillii 360 13.5% Item Date (Hill's Weeping Fig) Ficus rubiginosa AGE - Pre-existing or Remnant Trees 338 12.7% (Port Jackson Fig) St Johns Anglican Church Glebe pre-1800 Phoenix canariensis 296 11.1% AGE - Oldest Planted Trees (Canary Island Date Palm) (outside of Botanic Gardens and Domain) Platanus x acerifollia 279 10.5% Hyde Park, 1857 (London Plane Tree) University Ave, University of Sydney c. mid 1850's Lophostemon confertus 136 5.1% Argyle Place Park, Agar Steps, Argyle St c. 1860's (Brush Box) Macquarie Place mid 1860's Livistona australis 77 2.9% Cook & Phillip Park c. 1860 (Cabbage Tree Palm) Victoria Barracks/ Oxford St Reserve c. 1860 Washingtonia robusta 69 2.6% AGE - Youngest Planted Trees (Washington Palms) (and not a transplanted specimen) Liquidambar styraciflua 59 2.2% (Liquidambar) Campbells Cove Jetty 1988 Quercus ilex 53 2.0% (Holm Oak)

C. Nomination and Assessments

The City received a number of nominations for inclusion on the City’s Register of Significant Trees during the 2012 review of the Register. The City places a great deal of emphasis on all of its trees, both publicly and privately owned. Our trees provide a healthy and diverse landscape and create beautiful streets and public spaces that contribute to the health and wellbeing of everyone.

The City’s Tree Management Policies protect most trees in the Local Government Area. Tree removal is always considered a last resort. We understand that the trees nominated are important and provide a valuable contribution to the amenity and character of the area, they provide shade, habitat, and many other valuable environmental benefits.

The Register of Significant Trees function is to identify and recognise only the “most” significant trees in the Council area. The trees listed on the Register must go through a rigorous assessment process, and must fulfil the criteria set for inclusion. This assessment is done by the City in consultation with a panel of independent experts. It is necessary to consider the trees context, history, relationship to other trees and comparative value to other listings. To ensure the Register does not become diluted and loose its relevance as a record of the “most historic and significant” trees, it is necessary to only list the trees that clearly fulfil the selection criteria.

Despite some of the nominated tree(s) not being accepted for listing, they are still considered important by the City and will be protected under the suite of controls and tree protection measures the City already has in place.

The following table summarises the nominations received and the outcome of the City's assessment.

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-5 Appendicies Recommendation Not listed Listed as part below List endemicList large trees associated with park. eg, Angophora, Euc saligna, Euc. pilularis Not listed Not listed List Added Listing to with adjoining Figs in Listing No. 24.2 Assessment comments team Provides a strong and visual avenue buffer but only approx 25 years old and not known be to a commemorative planting Uncommon species but in Sydney not endemic the to Harbour Sydney landscape, not particularly large or nomination old. Refer for Carmichael Park. Valuable assemblageValuable trees native of in a semi- naturalistic context, supported and associated with local community efforts establish to native vegetation. Larger endemic habitat, trees have visual and social significance. A valuable assemblage trees, native of some are endemic some are not. Larger endemic trees contribute habitat to and biodiversity value. street 1970's planting Reflectivestyle. of Limited historic significance. uncommonNot LGA. in A large limited tree, historic association, potentially CSR. planted by inNot 1980's endemic or reflective natural of Sydney vegetation. Not a particularly exemplary specimen the of species. A large and formed well specimen the of species, the related to development the of site as the Rachel Forster Hospital developed in planted post but now abandoned.1925, Tree and representative1943 planting of style post Has visual and historicalwar. significance. Relatively large and formed well specimens of planted the species, Tree planted as an avenue. andin approx are representative 1950's of planting Has visual style and historical post war. significance. Primary reason stated for nomination Beautiful trees, fearful them of being removed Unusual and now rare and valuable rainforest tree Habitat visual buffer value, buildingsto and escarpment. Associated with local Landcare Biodiversity and habitat value Visual landmark and planted during CSR period use. of Local and landmark, feature particularly when in flower. None for desire - except given for increased protection Species Nominated 23 x Ficus microcarpa var. "hillii' 1 x Toona ciliata (Red 1 x Toona Cedar) [although nomination identified it as Melia azedarach (White Cedar)] Various Eucalyptus sp. Various Various Eucalyptus sp. Various entire length Harris of observedStreet (22 during assessment, endemic) 18 1 x Ficus microcarpa var. "hillii' 1 x Jacaranda mimosifolia 11 x Jacaranda 11 mimosifolia Location Darling Drive, Ultimo Carmichael (Below Park John Street), Pyrmont Carmichael (Below Park John Street), Pyrmont Harris Street, Pyrmont RefineryPark, Pyrmont Cnr Pitt St and Alberts St, Redfern Oxford Street, Paddington Precinct Ultimo Pyrmont Pyrmont Pyrmont Pyrmont RedfernWest Moore Park & Paddington

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-6 Appendicies Recommendation Not listed Not listed Not listed Listed Not listed Listed Assessment comments team Very young plantingVery street of trees. No visual or historical significance. Reasonable examplesthe of species but assumed Not widely planting post 1970's. visible, not exceptionally large nor with any noted historical association. Common species throughout wider region. Sydney A large form excellent and tree, the example of species, visibility local to though area, even located property. private of in rear yard Visible as a small photos tree but in 1943 no known association historic any to estate. A very large form excellent and tree, example theof this lithophytic species. Visible as a large photostree and in 1943 potentially self sown in escarpment after road construction in the area in the early 1800's. Considered visually, historically and ecologically significant. A very large form excellent and tree, example theof species, the related to historic precinct of Presumed be to a transplanted the Rail Yards. specimen. Only considered visually significant, therefore not listed. A very large form excellent and tree, example of the this species, the related to historic Zetland Lodge Considered estate dating from 1890. c. visually and historically significant. Primary reason stated for nomination None for desire - except given for increased protection Visual amenity and desire for increased protection Visual and historic significance. Visual and historic significance, previously listed in Leichhardt LEP. Visual and historic significance Visual and historic significance Species Nominated Immature avenue of of Immature avenue Jacaranda mimosifolia 2 x Cedrus deodara 1 x Ficus macrophylla 1 x Ficus rubiginosa 1 x Ficus rubiginosa 1 x Ficus macrophylla Location Greens Road, Paddington 27 Turner 27 Turner Street, Redfern 18 Rippon Way, 18 Rosebery 27 Alfred Rd, Forest Lodge. 63 (aka Hereford St.) Cornwallis St, Eveleigh McPherson Lane/ 902 Bourke Street, Zetland Precinct Moore Park & Paddington RedfernWest Rosebery Camperdown & Forest Lodge Prince Alfred CentralPark, & Eveleigh Rail Green Square

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-7 Appendicies Not listed Not listed Recommendation Not listed Not listed Provides good amenity but not part early of Blackfriars planting, now considered a weed and probably from dates post and 1960's is a common school planting. yard Provides good amenity the to street, park and a visual buffer between buildings. The multiple trees from of rows date different periods and in the park Trees onward. from mid 1970's photos. Oldestare not visible Plane in c1980 trees approx 35-37 years old with subsequent additions London less than 30 years old. Young common place within Plane Trees the LGA and more significant are representedavenues They are not known be to elsewhere Register. a commemorative planting kind any of and no historical connection Strickland to Building has been able be to confirmed. Assessment comments team Provides good amenity adjoining to playground but the stated age appears unsubstantiated. It is not known be to associated with historic any planting Appears or estate. be to relatively young and potentially a potted plant escape. Provides good amenity with and large avenue deciduous trees and visual buffer between apartments but only approx 30 years old, relatively common place within and the LGA more intact and older Plane Trees of avenues represented elsewhere and in the Register, LGA and not known be to a commemorative planting kind. any of Aesthetic contribution to streetscape and general environmental amenity Primary reason stated for nomination Aesthetic contribution to streetscape and general environmental amenity and relationship Strickland to Building Aesthetic contribution park to and general environmental amenity and local landmark status Multiple nominations received for same street - aesthetic contribution streetscape to and general environmental amenity 1 x Cinnamomum camphora Species Nominated Multiple Platanus of Rows x acerifolia in Bartley Street and Strickland Park 1 x Araucaria heterophylla Approx 12 x Platanus x Approx 12 acerifolia Cnr Blackfriars and Buckland Street, Chippendale Location Bartley Street, Chippendale Rear of 494Rear of Bourke Street, Surry Hills (Adjacent Arthur St Playground) Buckland Street, Chippendale Precinct Chippendale Chippendale Surry Hills South Chippendale

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-8 Appendicies Recommendation Not listed Listed Not listed Not listed Listed Assessment comments team Provides amenity excellent a pocket to park dating the to orginal establishment in 1967. largeVery tree in good position and excellent theexample of species. Commemorative and a signature element the of park's design and establishment. visual and historic have May significance in the future. Good representative rainforest example of species planting and association with the landscape context and history this of 1850's villa. Considered be to histroically and visually significant. Relatively young although reasonable examples theof species only been but are likley have to or early Not 1980's. planted in the1970's late particularly visible apart from immediately adjoining residences, not endemic Sydney. to Strong visual presence and contribution local to amenity and screening factory of development, only but been relatively likley young, have to planted in the early Not 1980's. particularly good examples the of species, and relatively common Noplace special in southern social Sydney. or commemorative association known. Large and prominent trees, clearly evident in 1800's photoslate and reflectiveof the Victorian era planting and historically associated with the Barracks and the Domain. be to Likely associated with planting initiated Charles by Moore. Historicallty and aesthetically significant. Primary reason stated for nomination Aesthetic contribution park to and general environmental amenity Historical relationship house to and aesthetic significance Aesthetic and habitat value Aesthetic and social value Aesthetic and historical association Species Nominated 1 x Platanus x acerifolia 1 x Castanospermum australe forsteriana1 x Howea 3 x Corymbia citriodora 4 x Ficus microcarpa var. "hillii' 2 x Ficus macrophylla Location Ada PlaceAda UltimoPark, "Bidura" 357 Glebe Point Road, Glebe Ashmore Industrial Estate - rear warehousesof Coulson 21-27 Street, Erksineville Corner of Ashmore Street and Mitchell Road, Erskineville Hyde Park Hyde Park Barracks, Macquarie Street, Sydney Precinct Ultimo Glebe Erskineville Erskineville Retail Centre and Martin Place

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-9 Appendicies Recommendation Listed Listed Listed Listed Listed Assessment comments team Large and visually prominent trees, clearly evident in early 1900's photos and reflective theVictorianof late public and 1930's planting style and historically associated with the Library and the Domain. be to Likely associated with plantings iniitated Joseph by Maiden. Historicallty and aesthetically significant. Large and visually prominent trees, planted in initated Joseph by Maiden. Thought 1911-1914 beto one the of oldest formal street plantings thisof species. Historically and aesthetically significant. Aesthetically pleasing, large and established A relatively unique, intact andavenue. long this of speciesavenue representative of common street plantings inand the 70's 1960 but now becoming relatively rare with the LGA. Considered significant aestheticon and historical merit. Aesthetically pleasing, and only known established this of species avenue anywhere in the wider metropolitan Sydney area. Assumed beto planted in the or 1960's 70's. Botanically and aesthetically significant. A large and very visually prominent seen tree, millionsby local of and international visitors to commemorate to planted in 1988 the Sydney, Bicentennial. An unimpeded excellent example theof species and become to likely larger even commemoratively Botanically, in the future. and aesthetically significant. Primary reason stated for nomination Aesthetic and historical association Aesthetic and historical association Aesthetic and historical association Aesthetic and botanically unique Aesthetic, botanical and commemorative association Species Nominated 1 x Ficus rubiginosa and 2 x Ficus microcarpa var. "hillii' 91 x Phoenix canariensis91 59 x Liquidambar styraciflua 24 x Brachychiton 24 discolour 1 x Ficus microcarpa var. "hillii' Location State Library, State Library, Macquarie Street, Sydney Outer Domain, Macquarie Street, Sydney Baptist Street, Redfern Hayes Road, Hayes Rosebery Campbells The Jetty, Cove Rocks Precinct Northern Financial and Alfred Street Northern Financial and Alfred Street Redfern East Rosebery The Rocks & Millers Point

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-10 Appendicies Recommendation Listed Listed Listed Listed Assessment comments team A significant historical planting assocated with the Court buildings. The Darlinghurst Court House and residence are the finest, Old Colonial Grecian public building complex surviving in Australia. Commenced in the 1830s, it has a long and continual association with the provision and law of order along with the neighbouring Darlinghurst Gaol complex. The Court House, designed colonial by architect Mortimer Lewis and and built between 1837 the was first 1844, purpose designed court The fighouse tree beplanting to built in NSW. is from date the1800's to withlikely late the palms bothbefore 1930's, are therefore considered historically and aesthetically significant. Extremely large and visually prominent of row Hills Figs which commonly were planted in this from Photos from Sydney area of 1930-1950. show them1983 as large trees. Aesthetically and historically significant. Associated withMemorial the War in Martin been commonly Populus have Place, associated with commemorative plantings WWI of memorials. Articles describe Poplars present with the memorial These since specimens 1939. be to are likely replacement plantings the of original trees planted post WWI and believed from date theto They are still 1980's. commemoratively and historically significant. These palms are likley to be part of the palms planted during this time. The palms are visible in 1934 photos of the site. Aerial photos from 1943 show the palms as relatively mature specimens, supporting the early 1930's planting date, and are representative of the palms popularised by Joseph Maiden, Director of the Botanic Gardens (1897-1924). Primary reason stated for nomination Aesthetic, botanical and commemorative association Aesthetic and visually prominent, reflectiveof South plantingsSydney the of immediate post period. war Commemorative, aesthetic and socially significant. Historic planting, reflectivestyle of used at Harbour Bridge completion of Species Nominated 1 x Ficus macrophylla 3 x Phoenix canariensis 17 x Ficus microcarpa17 var. "hillii' 2 x Populus alba var. 2 x Populus alba var. pyramidalis 1 x Washingtonia filifera 1 x Washingtonia robusta romanzoffianna Syagrus 3x Location Darlinghurst Court House, Oxford Street, Darlinghurst Burrows Road, St Peters Martin Place (between Pitt and George Street) Cumberland Lower Street (at Fort Street) Precinct Darlinghurst Southern Industrial Retail Centre & Martin Place The Rocks & Millers Point

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-11 Appendicies Not Listed Not Listed Recommendation Not listed Part a group of terrace of houses 56-60 Pitt no however Street listed on the CoS LEP, mention landscape of is made within the entry. The vine is not particularly prominent and is only partially visible from the public realm. Although true Dr that Redfern imported vines Australia to and associated was with wine production and viticulture the claim in the early Colony, Sydney thisthat vine propogated was from one Dr of is unsubstantiated andRedfern’s somewhat it is doubtful. also considered As this is a ‘vine’, not be to a ‘tree’ under the the of intent Council’s development controls and therefore does not fall theinto vegetation type being assessed under further warrant It may research theRegister. and inclusion under a general heritage listing for the property as a landscape element. Aesthetically pleasing but common-place mixed Jacaranda, of age avenue most quite young semi-mature,to and not associated with any commemorative planting or social significance. Assessment comments team These two trees are located in the car park an of apartment block. They are very poorly situated, hard up against the adjoining No. 76 who have had engineers report that the trees are causing damage to the building. The trees are not very old and are not exceptional examples of species. their Significantfor species,size connected with William Redfern and early wine production in colonialSydney times Aesthetic contribution to streetscape, particularly when in flower Primary reason stated for nomination Environmental/ Habitat value for screeningaesthetic, of and birds apartments 1 x Vitis vinifera 32 x Jacaranda mimosifolia Species Nominated 2 x Platanus x acerifolia 56 Pitt Street, Redfern Riley Street, (between Oxford and Stanley Street), Darlinghurst Location 80 Elizabeth Road Bay Precinct RedfernWest Darlinghurst Elizabeth Bay

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-12 Appendicies Listed Listed Not Listed Not Listed Recommendation A botanically Coral rare small Bidwell’s tree. or Florida Coral-beanTree (Erythrina x bidwillii) reportedlywas the firstAustralian-bred garden its illustration have to published.plant ever Erythrina x bidwillii Lindl. is a hybrid Erythrina of herbacea L. x Erythrina crista-galli L. The origin and planting this of plant date is unknown, and gardener an to amateur relate with may a keen interest in historic or rare garden plants. and visuallyThe trees are from the1930’s late significant contributorsto the original industrial development and Bourke Road streetscapes. They are clearly visible as a designed row and are very several visually and botanically interesting specimens with aerial roots have that now become separate trunks, which is slightly unusual for the species. The trees are nominated mainly due visual to and aestheticThe trees reasons are only. contributing adjacent to infrastructure and are somewhat inappropriately positioned. They are It very large but appear from date the to 1970’s. is only sided) a relatively short (single and row, other more significantexamples are represented in the Register. The trees are nominated mainly due visual to and aestheticThey are very reasons large only. It is only a but appear from date the to 1970’s. very sided) short (single and other more row, significantexamples are represented in the Register. Assessment comments team Botanically rare specimen Aesthetic and visually prominent, reflectiveof South plantingsSydney the of inter and immediate post period. war Aestheticvisuallyandprominent Aestheticvisuallyandprominent Primary reason stated for nomination 1 x Erythrina x bidwillii 25 x Ficus microcarpa var. hillii 7 x Ficus microcarpa var. hillii 4 x Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Species Nominated 136 Rochford 136 Street, Erskineville 138-188 Bourke Road, Alexandria between Doody St & DirectNews Rd Hiles Street, Alexandria Loveridge Street, Alexandria Location Precinct Erskineville Southern Industrial Southern Industrial Alexandria

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-13 Appendicies Not Listed Listed Supplementary planting not listed Recommendation Large trees lining the street and although they a distinctivecreate and attractive streetscape. theThey areto notdistrict native Sydney and are planted after probably 1943, dating from They are only considered visually the 1970’s. significant and are particularlynot unique in the wider region, Sydney being a very common street tree in western Sydney. Fig planting appears pre-date to the public housing residential development, and probably therelated to original creation Erskineville of Park/Oval. There is also one very large and prominently positioned Eucalyptus pilularis (Blackbutt) on the corner and Elliott of Avenue Binning Street, with a height and 18-20m of a and an impressivedbh 1.2m spread of 25m. of Although planted post it is a species 1943, endemic the to area and rarely found now in inner city. This is a relatively unique street private with palms mature andmany other ancillary planting which contribute the to character and sense enclosure.of The the of intent Register is to list only the most significant trees. Theother planting is considered relatively common place, small or not historically significant and although, together with the listed palms, contributes the to unique qualities this of property, it is believed thethat other lesser planting does not fulfil the assessment criteria for inclusion. Assessment comments team Aestheticvisuallyandprominent Aesthetic and visually prominent, reflectiveof plantingsSydney the of early 20th century and one being ecologically significant Aesthetic and historically significant Primary reason stated for nomination 38 x Eucalyptus microcorys x Ficus rubiginosa 10 f. glabrescens 1 x Ficus macrophylla 1 x Eucalyptus pilularis All planting within internal in additionroadway the to Phoenixx alreadylisted 15 canariensis Species Nominated Mentmore Avenue, Rosebery Cnr Ashmore Street and Binning Street, Erskineville Bayswater 42 Road, Elizabeth Bay Location Precinct Rosebery Erskineville Elizabeth Bay

© City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) D-14 Appendicies Brush Box listed increased from 28-36 Jacaranda in Quadrangle recognised Ficus listing retained Populus listing deleted Description of trees and location improved. No change required to Register. Recommendation Submission supportive the of proposed nominations but raised issue ambiguity of in the location and number Brush of Box scheduled in Also requestingthe one that the draftof RST. 2 listed Ficus rubiginosa is in poor health and should not be listed. Also questions significance theof 2 Jacarandas listed and suggesting inclusion the of 2 Jacaranda are that located in the central courtyard. Submission also advised thethat Populus deltoides listed in 2005 and no was longer RST present. Further 2013 research conducted was assessment by team and listings amended. Supportive the of proposed nominations. Submission raises the issue the of Sydney RegisterHarbour Foreshore Authority (SHFA) Trees and provided Significantof a draft copy It includes somefor review. trees were that nominatedinclusionfor within the City’sRegister but not accepted were for listing. The SHFA Register also includes trees are that outside Cityof Register LGA. Sydney of The SHFA includes a rating with system a category for inclusion trees of based on "high amenity value" alone. Assessment comments team Aesthetic and historically significant Aesthetic and historically significant Primary reason stated for nomination Submission regarding CoS draft listing Submission regarding CoS draft listing Species Nominated St Paul's St Paul's College Various Location Precinct Victoria andPark University of Sydney The Rocks and Millers andPoint Darling Harbour