Use of GIS and SDI in promoting quality in Maraba Sector, South Province of

Author:

Eng. Hitimana Jean Pierre University of Rwanda, Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (CGIS) Website: www.cgis.ur.ac.rw Phone: + 250 781139420 E-mail: [email protected] Use of GIS and SDI in promoting coffee quality in Maraba Sector, South Province of Rwanda

Outlines:

Introduction  Problem Statement  Research Objectives

GIS and SDI Concepts

Methodology and Results

Conclusion and Recommendations Introduction: Problem Statement Picture1: Fieldwork in Maraba Coffee Plantation and Laboratory

In these last recent years farmers in the sector of Maraba in South Province of Rwanda had face challenges: -to keep producing good quality coffee -and to win the 1st place in competition of cup of Excellence. Research Objectives

-how Maraba farmers/cooperative can be involved in information collection and dissemination -how this research outcomes are impacting high quality and economical life condition Picture2: Maraba farmers/cooperative of coffee farmers in Maraba sector Indicators/factors selected for suitability analysis: Environmental factors We conducted this research in order to show how the use of GIS and SDI models as the research method for growing and producing good quality coffee by taking into consideration environmental factors: Picture3: Fieldwork at Maraba  Elevation and temperature,  Rainfall and water supply,  Soil aspect and slopes. GIS and SDI Concepts

This research paper focuses on the impact of environment or site selection on coffee quality using GIS and SDI Models.

According to Nebert (SDI Cookbook, 2004) “ business development, flood mitigation, environmental restoration, Figure1: Hierarchical nature of SDI community land use assessments and disaster  In Rwanda we are in process of recovery are just a few examples developing SDI that support information discovery, access, and use of this of areas in which decision-makers information in the decision-making are benefiting from Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)” METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: USING SITE SELECTION , MAPPING

Tools: •Computers •Software: BEAM, MISRviewer, etc…(data visualisation, analysis and processing), •ArcGIS, ArcIMS, ArcSDE, MySQL, Apache, (webMapping) •GPS: to collate sample data of zone of coffee Plantation boundaries •Maps: Satellite data •Photo Camera

Map1: Geographic Location of the Study Area METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: USING SITE SELECTION Map2: Maraba sector, South Rwanda

The Maraba sector, south province in Rwanda has got 3 Zones of coffee fields and each Zones has got its particular flavor of coffee METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: ELEVATION AND TEMPERATURE The Maraba coffee is grown at altitudes between 1,700 and 2,100 meters (5,577–6,889 ft) above sea level, often on steep hillsides with terrace farming.

This area experiences an average of 115 centimetres of rainfall annually. The majority of this falls during the rainy season of March to May, the major coffee harvesting season. The high altitude lowers the temperature slightly to an average of about 20 °C. There is little seasonal variation. Figure2: Effect of altitude on the coffee flavor The influence of geography on the flavor of a is profound. All coffee grows in the tropics, but the altitude at which it is grown contributes significantly to a coffee's taste profile. The Maraba Coffee has got a flavor of fruit, spice, sweet lemon, floral and wine taste. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: SOIL ASPECT AND SLOPES.

Picture4: cuppers at Coffee competition of cup of Excellence

Figure3 and4: Each winning coffee has its own flavour signature from the earth/soil where it grows (altitude/slope) and all have been handcrafted in such a way as to enhance these unique characteristics. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: SOIL ASPECT AND SLOPES

Picture5: Maraba Coffee Plantation Coffee washing station What makes these so special is that their exemplary quality is very rare. These coffees are perfectly ripe, carefully picked with a well developed body, pleasant aroma and a lively sweetness that are extremely high Coffee Laboratory quality specialty coffees. These winning coffees are chosen by a select group of national and international cuppers and are cupped at least five different times during the competition process. Only coffees that continuously score high enough are allowed to move forward in the competition. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: SPECTRAL ANALYSIS NDVI is one of many ways we used to attempt to simply and quickly identify vegetated areas, including coffee plantation and their "condition," healthy or stressed vegetations Also use the NDVI to quantify the photosynthetic capacity of plant canopies. NDVI Formula:

Map3: NDVI Map for Rwanda INFORMATION COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION: SDI MODEL Input Tools Processing Output Remote Sensing Data: MISRviewer, visualisatio MSG-2, MISR, BEAM, n, analysing MERIS (GlobCover), and MODIS, Orthophoto processing data

Fieldwork GPS, Forms Collecting Data, Interview and Filling forms

Shape files of Administrative Boundaries ArcGIS, ArcIMS, Mapping & GeoPortal ArcSDE, MySQL, WebMappin Apache g /GeoNetwork INFORMATION COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION Metadata Collection

Custodians (departments Feature data sets Attribute responsible) Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture Soils, vegetation and Dominant soils, Animals Resources cattle Biomes and Vegetation types

Ministry of Local Government, Administrative National Boundary Name of the country Good Governance, Rural Boundaries Province Boundaries Name of the provinces Development and Social Affairs. District Boundaries Name of the districts National Park Name of the park Boundaries Ministry of Land, Environment, Environment Temperature Low, Average, Forestry, Water and Mines. Maximum annual temperatures

Rainfall Variation in annual rainfall Evaporation Wind Frequencies of wind from different directions Ministry of Land, Environment, Land Geology Major rock formation and Forestry, Water and Mines. sequences Map4: Map of Altitudinal regions of RwandaLand usage Type of land use The Maraba coffee plantations are locatedMines at Middle Altitude Namefavourable of mines, for type, smooth, status sweet coffee Land Cover Category of Land Cover RESEARCH OUTCOME IMPACT COFFEE FARMERS IN MARABA SECTOR

-High quality coffee production -To improve economical life condition of Coffee Cow Project coffee farmers in /livestock to donate: /kuzitura Maraba sector Started with 3cows won at Cup of Excellence.

Workshop with Maraba Community on Research outcome

Coffee Bike Project Maraba farmers/cooperative and coffee ready for Export CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The findings in this research about Zones of coffee plantation have been presented to Maraba sector community in a workshop so that they can gain knowledge of the land and the good quality of Maraba coffee. During this workshop an emphasis has been put on the fact that elevation influences a number of these factors and must be considered along with Temperature, rainfall and water supply, soil aspect and slopes were used determining where to plant coffee. An elevation greater than 1000 m above sea level is required for Arabica coffee. Maps of the 3 zones of Maraba coffee plantation have been distributed to Maraba community participants to the workshop The table of sample of Custodians of Geospatial data in Rwanda need to be complete and includes others ministries or geodata Custodians REFERENCES:

1. FAO: http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae939e/ae939e03.htm

2. MINAGRI SPATIAL DATABASE: http://www.minagri.gov.rw/IMG/jpg/

3. COFFEE QUALITY ASSESSMENT: http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae939e/ae939e09.htm#TopOfPage

4. THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON COFFEE FLAVOR: http://scribblerscoffee.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/the-influence-of-altitude-on-coffee-flavor/

5. RESPONSIBLE GEOSPATIAL DATA SHARING: A CANADIAN VIEWPOINT: http://www.sdimag.com/20120319657/Responsible-Geospatial-Data-Sharing-A-Canadian- Viewpoint.html

6. SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE: INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO: http://geospatialworld.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19898&Itemid=967

7. COFFEE, FAIRTRADE & RWANDA: http://web.archive.org/web/20090326051322/http://www.vso.org.uk/thecoffeeproject/pdfs/coffee_en glish.pdf Thank you