ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL FACTORS IMPACTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN

Rida Zuraida1 Abdullah Ramdhani2 Abdusy Syakur Amin3

1Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Garut Technological College, Garut, 2Department of Management University of Garut, Garut, Indonesia 3Department of Industrial Engineering and Management University of Pasundan, , Indonesia [email protected] 2,3{tcmild, syakuramin }@gmail.com

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important characteristics for the society to accelerate the advancement of their quality of life. Various aspects were identified have significant impact on the development of entrepreneurship such as education, age, culture, etc .In rural area where the population has rather similar low education level, the research tends to focuses on the impact of the culturel aspects on the entrepreneurship will be more appropriate. The research was conducted in the Cilawu and Bayongbong areas which are located in Garut District. 24 respondents which are residents of those areas were withdrawn to fullfill the distributed questionnaire. The research applied Four of Hoffstede’s cultural dimensions to describe inter-culturally comparable aspects, namely (1) individualism vs. collectivism; (2) masculinity vs. femininit; (3) avoidance of uncertainty, and (4) life orientation on a long term. Research results indicate various differences in the dimensions of avoidance of uncertainty and orientation on a long term. The Cilawu respondents are stronger in avoidance of uncertainty and weaker in long term orientation compared with the Bayongbong respondents. The difference may be caused by natural conditions and number of religious school at each district, thinking pattern, motivation and life goals of both communities. To enable continuous growth of entrepreneurship in both districts, the role of the regional government of the Garut regency is needed to create a conducive socio-cultural environment by observing the cultural aspects which have the potential of creating the trend of entrepreneurship in each district.

Key Words: entrepreneurship, Hoffstede’s cultural dimensions, Garut

INTRODUCTION entrepreneurs because of the govern- ment's ability in providing employment The more advanced a country is opportunities are very limited. generally the more educated people, and Entrepreneurial activities started by many people are unemployed, so that someone driven by 3 factors, the first entrepre-neurship becomes very import- factor related to the personal aspects of a ant. Development will be more solid if it personality, and second sociology pro- is supported by a sufficient number of blems related with the family problem

Zuraida, dkk., Analysis of … 183 and so forth, and the third is environ- Regency has, is the potential resources ment, related to a relationship people with for its economic growth. Garut has been their environment. famous for agricultural products, espe- Entrepreneurship is seen as social cially citrus, livestock especially sheep, phenomena that depend on a number of processed food especially ‘dodol’, fabric major cultural and economic variables are as ‘batik garutan’, leather products, and closely related (Russel, 1997). The cul- others. However, the progress of growth ture is seen as aspects that have major in the economy Garut, roughly it can be impact for the start of entrepreneurship in said is not as fast as some other districts the community (Altinay and Basu, 2001; in West . There is a belief that Garut Henriquez et al, 2001; Liao and Somen, culture which is not open community and 2001; Morrsion, 2000; Weicksteed, difficult to change as the factors cause. 1997). This is contrary with the nature of Entrepreneurship can be started and entrepreneurship which is flexible, and developed in the community if the