DOCSLIB.ORG

Anticaries Activity of Streptomyces Species Srdp-Tk-07 Isolated from A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anticaries Activity of Streptomyces Species Srdp-Tk-07 Isolated from A Rakesh K.N et al. Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion · Volume 1 (4). 2013 Available online through www.jbsoweb.com Research Article ANTICARIES ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES SPECIES SRDP-TK-07 ISOLATED FROM A WESTERN GHAT SOIL OF TALAKAVERI, KARNATAKA, INDIA Rakesh K.N, Dileep N, Syed Junaid, Prashith Kekuda T.R* Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, NES Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India *Correspondence Abstract The present study aims at determining anti caries activity of a bioactive Streptomyces Prashith Kekuda T.R species SRDP-TK-07 isolated previously from a rhizosphere soil of Talakaveri, Karnataka, Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N College of India. Efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of SRDP-TK-07 to inhibit seven cariogenic isolates Applied Sciences, NES Campus, Shivamogga, Karnataka, of Streptococcus mutans was tested by employing Agar well diffusion assay. The extract India was effective in inhibiting all seven isolates of S. mutans with zone of inhibition ranging 1.3 to2.9 cm. The isolate SRDP-TK-07 is found promising and can be used for the DOI: 10.7897/2321–6328.01409 development of inhibitory agents active against cariogenic bacteria. Article Received on: 25/10/13 Keywords: Talakaveri, Streptomyces, Dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Agar well Accepted on: 30/11/13 diffusion INTRODUCTION Streptomyces species SRDP-TK-07 isolated previously from Dental caries is one among the common, pathological, most a rhizosphere soil collected at Talakaveri, India. The extract chronic and multi-factorial infectious diseases worldwide. In of the isolate SRDP-TK-07 was reported to possess a susceptible host, the disease occurs as a result of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in our previous study11. interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of a diet. Dietary carbohydrates are fermented into organic acids by the MATERIALS AND METHODS microbial community embedded in the bio film, the pH at Streptomyces species SRDP-TK-07 tooth surface drops below 5.5, demineralization proceeds The isolate SRDP-TK-07 was previously recovered from a faster and results in tooth decay. Several strains of oral rhizosphere soil of Talakaveri, India by Serial dilution streptococci are capable of initiating the formation of dental followed by plating on Starch Casein Nitrate (SCN) agar. The plaque and play an important role in the development of isolate was characterized as a species of Streptomyces based dental caries and periodontal disease in humans. Two α- on cultural and morphological studies11. haemolytic streptococci viz., Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus, are the potent cariogenics, however, other bacteria Fermentation and extraction notably lactobacilli and actinomyces may also be involved The protocols employed for bulk cultivation of the isolate the development of dental caries1-3. The recognition of the SRDP-TK-07 in SCN broth and extraction of the culture involvement of the microorganisms in dental caries has led to broth by solvent extraction (using ethyl acetate in separation the development of prevention and control measures for funnel) were as described in our previous study11. eliminating them or reducing their number in the oral cavity1. Actinomycetes are Gram positive, filamentous eubacteria Anti caries activity of ethyl acetate extract possessing high G+C content. Among actinomycetes, the Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract was tested by genus Streptomyces is known to encompass the largest Agar well diffusion assay against 7 clinical isolates of number of species and varieties, found distributed in almost Streptococcus mutans (Sm-01 to Sm-07) isolated previously all ecological niches and differ in their morphology, from dental caries subjects. The test bacteria were inoculated physiology and biochemical characteristics. The members into sterile Brain heart infusion broth (Hi Media, Mumbai, belonging to Streptomyces are dominating in soil in terms of India) tubes and incubated overnight at 37oC. The broth number and the bioactive compounds they produce. These cultures were aseptically swabbed on sterile Brain heart organisms are being considered as fruitful sources of infusion agar (Hi Media, Mumbai, India) plates using sterile bioactive compounds having pharmaceutical and agricultural cotton swabs. Using a sterile cork borer, wells of 6 mm importance. They have provided 2/3rd of naturally occurring diameter were punched in the inoculated plates and 100 µl of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, aminoglysides, macrolides ethyl acetate extract (5 mg/ml of 25 % dimethyl sufloxide etc., discovered so far4-10. Talakaveri, is the place that is [DMSO]), standard (Streptomycin, 1 mg/ml) and DMSO (25 generally considered to be the source of the river Kaveri. It is %) were transferred into respectively labeled wells. The located by Brahmagiri hill of the Western Ghats near plates were incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24 hours in Bhagamandala in Kodagu district, Karnataka, India 1276 m upright position and the zone of inhibition formed around the above sea level. The present study was undertaken to wells was measured using a ruler11. investigate anti caries activity of ethyl acetate extract from a Published by Moksha Publishing House. Website www.mokshaph.com · © All rights reserved. Page 327 Rakesh K.N et al. Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion · Volume 1 (4). 2013 Statistical analysis CONCLUSION Antibacterial activity was done in triplicates and the results A marked inhibitory activity against cariogenic isolates of S. are mentioned as Mean ± Standard deviation. mutans by the ethyl acetate extract from Streptomyces species SRDP-TK-07 was observed in this study. The isolate can be a RESULTS potent source for the development of agents effective in the Table 1 shows the result of anti caries activity of ethyl acetate prevention and control of dental caries. Further studies on extract of SRDP-TK-07 against clinical isolates of S. mutans. purification of active components from the ethyl acetate It was observed that all the test bacteria were found to be extract and their bioactivity determinations are to be carried susceptible to ethyl acetate extract but to a varied extent (with out. zone of inhibition ranging 1.3 to 2.9 cm). Inhibition caused by reference antibiotic was higher than that of ethyl acetate ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS extract. DMSO was not inhibitory to clinical isolates. The authors express thanks to Head, Department of Microbiology, Principal, SRNMN College of Applied Sciences, Shivamogga for providing all the facilities to conduct work. Authors also express thanks to NES, Shivamogga Table 1: Anti cariogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of SRDP-TK-07 for the moral support. Authors thank Dr. N. Mallikarjun, Associate Professor and Chairman, Dept. of Microbiology for providing the cultures of Zone of inhibition in cm Test bacteria cariogenic bacteria. SRDP-07 Streptomycin Sm-01 2.8 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 0.2 REFERENCES Sm-02 2.8 ± 0.3 3.3 ± 0.1 1. Tellez N, Tellez M, Perdomo M, Alvarado A, Gamboa F. Anticariogenic Sm-03 2.9 ± 0.1 3.9 ± 0.1 activity of the active fraction from Isertia laevis against S. mutans and S. Sm-04 2.2 ± 0.1 3.1 ± 0.2 sobrinus: Comparison of two extraction methods. Acta Odontologica Sm-05 1.8 ± 0.2 3.0 ± 0.1 Latinoamericana 2010; 23(3): 188-195. PMid:21638958 Sm-06 2.6 ± 0.1 3.9 ± 0.1 2. Ferrazzano GF, Amato I, Ingenito A, Zarrelli A, Pinto G, Pollio A. Plant Sm-07 1.3 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 0.3 polyphenols and their anti-cariogenic properties: A review. Molecules 2011; 16: 1486-1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021486 PMid:21317840 3. Brighenti FL, Gaetti Jardim E, Danelon M, Evangelista GV, Delbem DISCUSSION ACB. Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on enamel de Streptococcus mutans is implicated as the primary etiological mineralization and dental bio film composition in situ. Archives of Oral agent of dental caries in humans. The acidogenic and aciduric Biology 2012; 57: 1034-1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio .2012.02.009 PMid:22386130 properties of S. mutans along with its ability to synthesize 4. Narayana KJP, Prabhakar P, Vijayalakshmi M, Venkateswarlu Y, extracellular glucans are the main factors for the development Krishna PSJ. Biological activity of Phenylpropionic acid isolated from a and establishment of cariogenic bio films. Glucans, terrestrial Streptomycetes. Polish Journal of Microbiology 2007; 56(3): synthesized from dietary carbohydrate (mainly sucrose) by 191-197. PMid:18062653 5. Ramakrishnan J, Shunmugasundaram M, Narayana M. Streptomyces sp. glucosyltransferases (GTFs) enhance the pathogenic potential SCBT isolated from rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants is antagonistic of dental plaque as it promotes the adherence and to pathogenic bacteria. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 2009; 7(2): 75- accumulation of cariogenic streptococci on the tooth surface 81. and contribute to the bulk and structural integrity of 6. Ripa FA, Nikkon F, Zaman S, Khondkar P. Optimal Conditions for 12,13 Antimicrobial Metabolites Production from a New Streptomyces sp. plaque . It has been observed that the extracts and RUPA-08PR Isolated from Bangladeshi Soil. Mycobiology 2009; 37(3): metabolites of Streptomyces species have shown to be 211-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2009.37.3.211 PMid:23983 promising against causal agents of dental caries. In a study, 535 PMCid:PMC3749390 Yokogawa et al.14 isolated two lytic enzymes (N- 7. Gopal M, Mishra E, Das SK, Chatterjee SC, Sangle UR, Bambawale OM. Growth inhibition of different pathogenic fungi by Actinomycetes acetylmuramidases) capable of lysing the cell walls of and its identification by 16S rRNA. Indian Phytopathology 2010; 63(2): Streptococcus mutans from S. globisporus 1829. Similarly 137-140. Nara and Morioka15 isolated a protease from S. 8. Kekuda PTR, Shobha KS and Onkarappa R. Fascinating diversity and globisporus which diminished the activity of potent biological activities of Actinomycete metabolites. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010; 3(2): 250-256. glucosyltransferase produced by Streptococcus mutans.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ROMANTIC SOUTH Starts at Bangalore Ends at Calicat
    ROMANTIC SOUTH Starts At Bangalore Ends At Calicat Itinerary DAY 1 BANGALORE €“ MYSORE ( 150 KMS / 3 ½ HRS ) Pick up from Bangalore Airport and drive to Mysore on arrival check in to the hotel. Proceed for local sightseeing (if time permits) else day at leisure or own activities and overnight stay at Mysore. Mysore Mysore (or Mysuru), is second largest city in Karnataka state which covers an area of more than 40 sqkm and is administered by the Mysore City Corporation. Situated 763 meters above sea level surrounded by hill ranges from north to south, it is known as the ‘Garden City’ and the ‘City of Palaces’. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1399-1947. In its centre is opulent Mysore Palace, former seat of the ruling Wodeyar dynasty. The palace blends Hindu, Islamic, Gothic and Rajput styles, and is dramatically lit at night. Mysore is also famous for the centuries-old Devaraja Market, filled with spices, silk and sandalwood. Sight seeings in Mysore Mysore Sightseeing includes Mysore palace, St Philomina’s Church & Brindavan Garden DAY 2 MYSORE €“ COORG ( 110 KMS / 2 ½ HRS ) After breakfast checkout from hotel and drive to Coorg, on arrival check in to the hotel. Proceed for local Sightseeing (if time permits) else day at leisure or own activities and overnight stay at Coorg. Coorg Coorg, also known as Kodagu, by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is a mountainous district located in south of India, known for its beautiful scenery and hospitable people. Glorious sounds, sights and scents welcome you as you enter Coorg.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Series Analysis for Water Inflow
    Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 6 Issue 11, November - 2017 Time Series Analysis for Water Inflow Sara Kutty T K* Hanumanthappa M Research Scholar, Computer Applications Department, Rayalaseema University Bangalore University Kurnool, India Bangalore, India Abstract—The main sources of water are natural sources like This paper aims at a time series analysis of Cauvery water in rainwater, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, springs etc., and Karnataka. In particular time series of data is plotted to find man-made sources like dams, wells, tube wells, hand-pumps, any possible trend. Using ARIMA model future water inflows canals, etc. Agriculture and plantation depends heavily on water is plotted. We would like to use the data for water and its source is rainfall. Mathematical models are required to management analysis and for model based statistical inference predict future water demand and climate changes. Time series are valuable sources of information that can be consulted for the of environmental systems that account for the need of using characterization of variables in several areas of knowledge. It is prior information, input and model structure uncertainty. In basically a measurement of data taken in chronological order order to analyze the water inflow the average wet weather within a certain time. In hydrology, such series are employed in flow can be estimated from water flow data. Water inflow is water systems management as tools for the hydrological cycle defined as the water other than sanitary wastewater that enters understanding. The purpose of most water quality and stream a sewer system from sources such as roof leaders, flow studies is to point out the information and necessary cellar/foundation drains, yard drains, area drains, drains etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Quality of Water in Some Streams of Cauvery River
    ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 377-384, April 2008 Study on the Quality of Water in Some Streams of Cauvery River ABIDA BEGUM and HARIKRISHNA Department of Chemistry, P.E.S School of Engineering, Bangalore- 560 100 Shirdi Sai Engg. College, Bangalore. Visveshwaraya Technological University, Belgaum, [email protected] Received 30 October 2007; Accepted 20 December 2007 Abstract : The quality of water in four streams of Cauvery River in Mandya District, where many small scale sugar and brewery distilleries are located, was analysed. Sampling was carried out from four streams designated as station 1 (upstream of effluent discharge point), station 2 (effluent discharge point) and station 3 (downstream of effluent discharge) station 4 (fresh water stream) to assess the impact of effluent on the water quality. The river water composition is increasingly dominated by Na and Cl in the downstream region of the river, indicating the influence of airborne salts with oceanic affinities. Significant spatial variation was observed in water level, transparency, turbidity, depth, dissolved oxygen, colour, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, nitrite and total hydrocarbon among the physiochemical parameters of the study stations. A posteriori test revealed that station 2 & 3 were the cause of the significant difference. The dissolved oxygen level in stations 2 & 3 was lower than 5.0mg/L, which is recommended minimum allowable limit for aquatic life. About 7 rotifer species in large amount recorded in this study were encountered in station 1, 7 in station 2 & 3 while 12 species in station 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy Metal Pollution and Chemical Profile of Cauvery River Water
    ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2009, 6(1) , 47-52 Heavy Metal Pollution and Chemical Profile of Cauvery River Water ABIDA BEGUM *, M. RAMAIAH §, HARIKRISHNA #, IRFANULLA KHAN ¶ and K.VEENA. *Department of Chemistry, P. E. S. School of Engineering, Bangalore, India. §NMKRV Degree College, #Shirdi Sai Engg. College, ¶Mohammed Ishaq College and Maharani’s Science College, Bangalore, India. [email protected] Received 29 March 2008; Accepted 20 May 2008 Abstract: Analysis of water, plankton, fish and sediment reveals that the Cauvery River water in the downstream is contaminated by certain heavy metals. Water samples have high carbonate hardness. Concentrations of all elements and ions increase in the downstream. Main ions are in the following order: Na > HCO 3 >Mg > K > Ca> Cl > SO 4. Heavy metal concentration in water was Cr >Cu ≈ Mn > Co > Ni > Pb > Zn, in fish muscles Cr > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb ≈ Zn, in phytoplanktens Co > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr and in the sediments the heavy metal concentration was Co > Cr > Ni ≈ Cu > Mn > Zn > Pb. Although, the quality of Cauvery River may be classified as very good based on the salt and sodium for irrigation, Zn, Pb and Cr concentration exceeded the upper limit of standards. Metal concentrations in the downstream indicate an increase in the pollution load due to movement of fertilizers, agricultural ashes, industrial effluents and anthropogenic wastes. An immediate attention from the concerned authorities is required in order to protect the river from further pollution. Introduction The natural elements which cause water pollution is gases, soil, minerals, humus materials, waste created by animals and other living organisms present in water 1,2 .
    [Show full text]
  • Cauvery and Mettur Dam Project – an Analysis
    Vol 6 Issue 1 July 2016 ISSN No :2231-5063 InternationaORIGINALl M ARTICLEultidisciplinary Research Journal Golden Research Thoughts Chief Editor Dr.Tukaram Narayan Shinde Associate Editor Publisher Dr.Rajani Dalvi Mrs.Laxmi Ashok Yakkaldevi Honorary Mr.Ashok Yakkaldevi Welcome to GRT RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2231-5063 Golden Research Thoughts Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Regional Editor Dr. T. Manichander International Advisory Board Kamani Perera Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature Lanka University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Janaki Sinnasamy Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Librarian, University of Malaya Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Romania Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Xiaohua Yang DBS College, Kanpur PhD, USA George - Calin SERITAN Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political ......More University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Ghats
    Western Ghats From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Sahyadri" redirects here. For other uses, see Sahyadri (disambiguation). Western Ghats Sahyadri सहहदररद Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu Highest point Peak Anamudi (Eravikulam National Park) Elevation 2,695 m (8,842 ft) Coordinates 10°10′N 77°04′E Coordinates: 10°10′N 77°04′E Dimensions Length 1,600 km (990 mi) N–S Width 100 km (62 mi) E–W Area 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) Geography The Western Ghats lie roughly parallel to the west coast of India Country India States List[show] Settlements List[show] Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Geology Period Cenozoic Type of rock Basalt and Laterite UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name: Natural Properties - Western Ghats (India) Type Natural Criteria ix, x Designated 2012 (36th session) Reference no. 1342 State Party India Region Indian subcontinent The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.[1][2] It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India.[3] The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty nine properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[4][5] The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Antrocom Journal of Anthropology
    Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology vol. 12. n. 1 (2016) 125 - 127 – ISSN 1973 – 2880 Antrocom Journal of Anthropology journal homepage: http://www.antrocom.net Sacred Complexes as Centers of National Integration: A Case Study of the Kaveri Basin Area of Karnatka Dr. Mahadeva Siddaiah Research Assistant, Department of Studies in Anthropology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka. India; e-mail: [email protected] KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Kaveri River, Sacred river Though there were a few anthropological studies on sacred complexes in India after the complex, pilgrimage, pioneering study of Gaya by L. P. Vidyarthi there was no such study on any sacred river complex. sociocultural integration, The studies so for conducted focused only on the interactions between pilgrims and religious South India. specialists. The present study was conducted covering nine pilgrimage centers on the sacred river complex of the Kaveri river spread over at last three linguistic areas. This study focuses on the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of the pilgrims and the local people and the sectarian diversities of the specialists. This study shows that these pilgrimage centres on the sacred river complexes act as centres of integration for the diverse linguistic, cultural and religious groups of the Hindus. Introduction Places of pilgrimage in Hindu tradition have been the subject of study by social scientists for a long time. Anthropologists, geographers and indologists have studied pilgrim centers from different theoretical perspectives (Bhardwaj, 1973; Mosinis, 1984; Bharati, 1963). Some anthropologists have analyzed the functional significance of pilgrimage and described it as a source of ‘great traditional’ knowledge and a force of socio-cultural integration (Opler, 1956, Cohn and Merriott, 1958; Vidyarthi, 1961; Srinivas, 1967; Karve 1962; Jaer, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Cauvery Basin
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CAUVERY! BASIN ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 75° E 76° E 77° E 78° E 79° E 80° E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KARNATAKA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Index Map ! ! ± ! ! Chikmagalur Tumkur ! ! ! ! ! ! H! H! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ANDHRA PRADESH ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! N ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ° ! ! ! ! ! ! 3 ! Hassan ! 1 ! # H! # ! ! Sakleshpur # #! ! N ! #! ! ° ! ! ! 3 ! ! Thimmanahalli ! # 1 ! ! ! % ! ! Bangalore ! ! ! ! A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! # ## M.H.Halli r ! #! k ! ! S ! ! a ! h ! v ! i Hemavathi a ! ! ! m ! t ! i ! s h ! ! ava a m t # Akkihebbal h ! He i ! #! ! Kudige # ! # Harangi Chunch# unkatte Mandya ###! #! #! ! T. Bekuppe H! ! H a rangi Krishnaraj ! # ! # T.K.H# alli Sagar #! ## ! ! Cau #! # Mysore Arkavathy ! ! very K.M.Vadi H! ! ! ! T.Narasipur #! # ! ! # Biligundulu #! # ! ! Kollegal #! State Wise Basin Area (Sq.km.) # N ! ! #! ° Kabini Hogenakkal ! 2 Bendrahall# i ! S ! 1 #! u ! l ! ! ## v a N a ! ! d ! Kabini r PUDUCHERRY ° n Thoppur n 2 u # ! ! a 1 G ! #! Muthankera v a # t ! ! #! # i #! ! ! Kudlur ## ! ! Mettur
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Historical Forest Encroachment of Kodagu Region of Western Ghats, South India Using Remote Sensing and GIS
    1 Assessing the historical forest Encroachment of Kodagu region of Western Ghats, South India using remote sensing and GIS G.R. Pramod Kumar*, A.M. Hemanjali, P. Ravikumar, R.K. Somashekar** and B.C. Nagaraja Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore – 560056 Email: *pramodgowdagmail.com, **[email protected] Abstract The present study is focused on RS and GIS based assessment of forest encroachment in Kodagu district of Karnataka for the year 1990, 2000 and 2010 using Landsat TM/MSS for 1990 and 2000, and IRS LISS III for the year 2010. It’s located in the south-western part of Karnataka state, geographically stretched between 110 56' to120 52’ N and 750 22’ to760 12’ E, with a total area of 4101.21 Km2. The study revealed that the encroachment in reserve forest area accounts for 291.6 ha, 284.8 ha and 173.7 ha respectively for the year, 2010, 2000 and 1990. The highest encroachment is being noticed in Somavarpet, Kushalnagar ranges in Madikeri division and major encroachment is witnessed moist and dry deciduous, other plantation and mixed forest plantation. The major factors accelerating are expansion of agriculture, plantations, rapid growth of urbanization, development of utility services, population dependency of forest livelihood and poverty. Keywords: Western Ghats, Forest types, Encroachment, Zonal classification, Land use Land cover Introduction The forests are playing a vital role in regulating the climate and biodiversity conservation despite providing livelihood benefits to millions of people living in and around the forests.The forests of the Western Ghats region of peninsular India have undergone significant transformations over the past century (Ref).
    [Show full text]
  • A Gandhian Perspective on the Cauvery Dispute in South India
    www.water‐alternatives.org Volume 2 | Issue 3 Pani, N. 2009. Institutions that cannot manage change: A Gandhian perspective on the Cauvery dispute in South India. Water Alternatives 2(3): 315‐327 Institutions that Cannot Manage Change: A Gandhian Perspective on the Cauvery Dispute in South India Narendar Pani National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India; [email protected] ABSTRACT: There is a growing recognition that water conflicts extend well beyond issues of water scarcity. Perceptions of scarcity are themselves based on assumptions of what is sufficient. And what is considered sufficient is in turn influenced by a number of social, economic and even political considerations. There is thus a need for a more inclusive method of understanding water conflicts and the institutions needed to address them. Among such alternative methods is the one used by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. This paper adopts the Gandhian method to reinterpret the interstate dispute over the water of the south Indian river, Cauvery. It then uses this more inclusive method to identify the conflict‐easing and conflict‐ enhancing aspects of the dispute. In the process, the limitations of the existing institutions in addressing the conflict become evident. KEYWORDS: River basin, conflicts, institutions, Gandhi, Cauvery, India INTRODUCTION Much as scarcity remains a sensitive trigger for water conflicts, there is growing recognition of the limits of understanding these conflicts entirely in terms of an absolute notion of scarcity alone. As Jairath and Ballabh (2008) have pointed out, scarcity is a relative concept, with the extent of the shortfall being understood in terms of some implicit understanding of sufficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • `Physico-Chemical Analysis of Kaveri River Water in the Pre-Monsoon Season in Karnataka,India
    Volume III, Issue IX, September 2014 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 `Physico-Chemical Analysis of Kaveri River Water in the Pre-monsoon Season in Karnataka,India Anima Upadhyay1, M. Chandrakala2. 1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sir MVIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Abstract─The present study was carried out to analyze the parameters of the water of River Kaveri before the onset of quality of water of Kaveririver before the commencement of the Monsoon that could help in maintaining the quality of Rains. Kaveri is considered as lifeline of Southern India and river water for the users.The study aimed at the carry the same sentiments and importance as the holy river determination of various physico-chemical parameters such Ganga.It originates from the hills of Talakaveri in Coorga in as temperature, pH, Conductivity,TDS, Turbidity, Hardness, Karnataka and flows through the two Indian states of 2+ 2+ − Karnataka and Tamilnadu before merging with the Bay of Alkalinity, Concentration of Ca ,Mg and Cl ions etc and Bengal. Both states share the water for farming and irrigation compares these parameters with Indian and International of their lands. Krishnarajasagara is a massive dam built across standards to ensure the quality of Kaveriwaters. Kaveri near Mysore. Many historic, religious and tourist places have developed on the banks of the river. Thousands of II. MATERIALS AND METHODS tourist and pilgrims visit these places every year. This made the authors curious to study the quality of the water of river Samples were collected from two different places as per Kaveri. To begin with this the water samples from the standard procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Romantic Karnataka
    Romantic Karnataka [rev_slider rom-kar] OUR PROGRAM FIRST DAY - Arrive Bangalore Arrive Bangalore and get transfer to hotel. Later in the afternoon visit Lal Bagh- 240 acres of beautifully sculpted gardens, flowers abound, rare collection of tropical and sub- tropical plants. Glass House (built on the lines of London's Crystal Palace) covers 18000sq feet. Vidhana Soudha - built in 1954 in granite, this massive building houses the state Legislature and the Secretariat. Bull Temple-Dravidian-style temple, has a huge monolithic Bull is the vahana of Lord Shiva. Later visit Tipu’s sultans summer Palace and shopping at Arts & Crafts Centre Emporium at M.G.Road. Overnight in Bangalore. SECOND DAY - Bangalore – Mysore (145 Kms/3 hrs) After breakfast drive to Mysore, the sandalwood city. Enroute visit Srirangapatna - The Little Island Fortress of Tipu Sultan, who was once known as 'Tiger of Mysore'. Later visit Summer Palace, The Daria Daulat, and the Beautiful Wall Paintings. Evening visit Brindavan Garden - the famous garden at the Krishna Raja Sagar Dam after sunset, when musical fountains and colored lights transform this place into a magical fairyland. Overnight stay in Mysore. THIRD DAY - Mysore Local Sightseeing After breakfast visit St. Phenomena's church, Palace of the Maharaja (Mysore Palace) built in 1911-12. The palace is of harmonious syntheses of the Hindu and Saracenic styles of architecture with archways, domes, turrets, colonnades and sculptures which are magnificent. Also visit Art gallery and drive upto Chamundi hill to see Chamundeshwari Temple that offers a panoramic view of Mysore. On the way back, see the Nandi Bull.
    [Show full text]